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Pieter Zeeman - Wikipedia

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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ultimi_anni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ultimi_anni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ultimi anni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ultimi_anni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Riconoscimenti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Riconoscimenti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Riconoscimenti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Riconoscimenti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pubblicazioni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pubblicazioni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Pubblicazioni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pubblicazioni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l&#039;indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pieter Zeeman</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un&#039;altra lingua. Disponibile in 94 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">94 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86" title="بيتر زيمن - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيتر زيمن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86" title="بيتر زيمن - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بيتر زيمن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piter_Zeyeman" title="Piter Zeyeman - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Piter Zeyeman" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پیتر زیمان - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پیتر زیمان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пітэр Зееман - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пітэр Зееман" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%80_%D0%97%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пітэр Зээман - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Пітэр Зээман" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Питер Зееман - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Питер Зееман" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8" title="পিটার জেমান - bengalese" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পিটার জেমান" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B1_%D8%B2%DB%8E%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86" title="پیتەر زێمەن - curdo centrale" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پیتەر زێمەن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo centrale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%AF%CF%84%CE%B5%CF%81_%CE%96%CE%AD%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BD" title="Πίτερ Ζέεμαν - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πίτερ Ζέεμαν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پیتر زیمان - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیتر زیمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - gaelico scozzese" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelico scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A8_%D7%96%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F" title="פיטר זימן - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פיטר זימן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पीटर ज़ीमान - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पीटर ज़ीमान" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%A5%D6%80_%D4%B6%D5%A5%D5%A5%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Պիտեր Զեեման - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պիտեր Զեեման" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - ilocano" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="ilocano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%94%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="ピーター・ゼーマン - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ピーター・ゼーマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="პიტერ ზეემანი - georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პიტერ ზეემანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Питер Зееман - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Питер Зееман" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪೀಟರ್ ಸೀಮಾನ್ - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪೀಟರ್ ಸೀಮಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%94%BC%ED%84%B0%EB%A5%B4_%EC%A0%9C%EC%9D%B4%EB%A7%8C" title="피터르 제이만 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="피터르 제이만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrus_Zeeman" title="Petrus Zeeman - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Petrus Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C4%ABters_Z%C4%93manis" title="Pīters Zēmanis - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Pīters Zēmanis" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Питер Земан - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Питер Земан" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB" title="പീറ്റർ സീമാൻ - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പീറ്റർ സീമാൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Питер Зееман - mongolo" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Питер Зееман" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9D%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पीटर झीमान - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पीटर झीमान" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="پیتر زیمان - mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="پیتر زیمان" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पिएटर जीम्यान - newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पिएटर जीम्यान" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - piemontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%B9%D8%B1_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86" title="پیٹر زیمن - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پیٹر زیمن" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Зееман, Питер - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зееман, Питер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D" title="पीटर् जीमन् - sanscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पीटर् जीमन्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - scozzese" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - sloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Питер Земан - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Питер Земан" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="பீட்டர் சீமன் - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பீட்டர் சீமன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%9F%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="పీటర్ జీమన్ - telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పీటర్ జీమన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ปีเตอร์ เซมัน - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ปีเตอร์ เซมัน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piter_Zeeman" title="Piter Zeeman - tataro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Piter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tataro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Пітер Зееман - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пітер Зееман" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%DA%91_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پیڑ زیمین - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پیڑ زیمین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - uzbeco" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E6%9B%BC" title="彼得·塞曼 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="彼得·塞曼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%96%E1%83%94%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="პიტერ ზეემანი - mengrelio" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პიტერ ზეემანი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mengrelio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BD%BC%E5%BE%97%C2%B7%E5%A1%9E%E6%9B%BC" title="彼得·塞曼 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="彼得·塞曼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman - min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pieter Zeeman" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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</div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l&#039;enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pieter_Zeeman.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pieter_Zeeman.jpg/220px-Pieter_Zeeman.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pieter_Zeeman.jpg/330px-Pieter_Zeeman.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Pieter_Zeeman.jpg/440px-Pieter_Zeeman.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2123" data-file-height="2974" /></a><figcaption>Pieter Zeeman<hr /><small><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Medaglia del Premio Nobel"><img alt="Medaglia del Premio Nobel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel_per_la_fisica" title="Premio Nobel per la fisica">Premio Nobel per la&#32;fisica</a> <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a></small></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Pieter Zeeman</b> <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:IPA" title="Aiuto:IPA"><span title="Questa è una trascrizione IPA della pronuncia. Vedere l&#39;alfabeto fonetico internazionale." class="IPA">[ze:mɑn]</span></a> (<a href="/wiki/Schouwen-Duiveland" title="Schouwen-Duiveland">Zonnemaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/25_maggio" title="25 maggio">25 maggio</a> <a href="/wiki/1865" title="1865">1865</a> – <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, <a href="/wiki/9_ottobre" title="9 ottobre">9 ottobre</a> <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a>) è stato un <a href="/wiki/Fisico" title="Fisico">fisico</a> <a href="/wiki/Regno_dei_Paesi_Bassi" title="Regno dei Paesi Bassi">olandese</a>. </p><p>Nel <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a> divise il <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel_per_la_Fisica" class="mw-redirect" title="Premio Nobel per la Fisica">Premio Nobel per la Fisica</a> con <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a>, per la sua scoperta dell'<a href="/wiki/Effetto_Zeeman" title="Effetto Zeeman">effetto Zeeman</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infanzia_e_giovinezza">Infanzia e giovinezza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Zeeman&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Infanzia e giovinezza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Zeeman&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Infanzia e giovinezza"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pieter Zeeman nacque a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zonnemaire&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Zonnemaire (la pagina non esiste)">Zonnemaire</a>, una piccola città sull'isola di <a href="/wiki/Schouwen-Duiveland" title="Schouwen-Duiveland">Schouwen-Duiveland</a>, nei <a href="/wiki/Paesi_Bassi" title="Paesi Bassi">Paesi Bassi</a>, figlio di Catharinus Forandinus Zeeman, ministro della <a href="/wiki/Chiese_riformate" title="Chiese riformate">Chiesa riformata</a> <a href="/wiki/Paesi_Bassi" title="Paesi Bassi">olandese</a>, e di Willemina Worst. </p><p>Si interessò precocemente alla fisica. Nel <a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a> il fenomeno dell'<a href="/wiki/Aurora_boreale" class="mw-redirect" title="Aurora boreale">aurora boreale</a> fu visibile in <a href="/wiki/Paesi_Bassi" title="Paesi Bassi">Paesi Bassi</a>. Zeeman, a quel tempo studente delle scuole superiori a <a href="/wiki/Zierikzee" title="Zierikzee">Zierikzee</a>, ne fece un disegno e una descrizione, che mandò al giornale <a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a>, dove venne pubblicato. L'editore ringraziò "le attente osservazioni del Professor Zeeman dal suo osservatorio di Zonnemaire", cosa certamente lusinghiera per uno studente di scuola superiore. </p><p>Finita la scuola, nel <a href="/wiki/1883" title="1883">1883</a> andò a <a href="/wiki/Delft" title="Delft">Delft</a> per studiare ulteriormente le lingue classiche, a quel tempo un requisito fondamentale per chiunque volesse essere ammesso all'università. In quel periodo visse a casa del Dr. J.W. Lely, co-direttore del <a href="/wiki/Ginnasio_(sistema_scolastico_italiano)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginnasio (sistema scolastico italiano)">ginnasio</a> e fratello di <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Lely" title="Cornelis Lely">Cornelis Lely</a>, il responsabile della progettazione e della realizzazione dei <a href="/wiki/Zuiderzeewerken" title="Zuiderzeewerken">lavori dello Zuiderzee</a>. A Delft Zeeman conobbe anche <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Heike Kamerlingh Onnes</a>, che sarebbe poi diventato suo relatore di tesi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Studi_e_inizio_della_carriera">Studi e inizio della carriera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Zeeman&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Studi e inizio della carriera" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Zeeman&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Studi e inizio della carriera"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Zeeman passò gli esami di ammissione all'università nel <a href="/wiki/1885" title="1885">1885</a>, e iniziò a studiare fisica all'<a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A0_di_Leida" title="Università di Leida">Università di Leida</a>, dove ebbe come professori <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Heike Kamerlingh Onnes</a> e <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a>. nel <a href="/wiki/1890" title="1890">1890</a>, prima ancora di aver finito la sua tesi, divenne l'assistente di Lorentz. Questo gli permise di far parte di un programma di ricerca sull'<a href="/wiki/Effetto_Kerr" title="Effetto Kerr">effetto Kerr</a>. Nel <a href="/wiki/1893" title="1893">1893</a> presentò la sua tesi di dottorato appunto su un argomento correlato all'effetto Kerr (la riflessione della <a href="/wiki/Polarizzazione_della_radiazione_elettromagnetica" title="Polarizzazione della radiazione elettromagnetica">luce polarizzata</a> su una superficie <a href="/wiki/Magnetizzazione" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnetizzazione">magnetizzata</a>). Una volta ottenuto il dottorato, andò per sei mesi all&#39;<i>Istituto <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Kohlrausch" title="Friedrich Kohlrausch">F. Kohlrausch</a></i> di <a href="/wiki/Strasburgo" title="Strasburgo">Strasburgo</a>. Nel <a href="/wiki/1895" title="1895">1895</a>, tornato da Strasburgo, Zeeman divenne <a href="/wiki/Privatdozent" class="mw-redirect" title="Privatdozent">Privatdozent</a> in matematica e fisica a <a href="/wiki/Leida" title="Leida">Leida</a>. Lo stesso anno si sposò con Johanna Elisabeth Lebret (1873–1962), da cui ebbe tre figlie e un figlio. </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ZeemanEffect.GIF" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/ZeemanEffect.GIF/220px-ZeemanEffect.GIF" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/32/ZeemanEffect.GIF 1.5x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="317" /></a><figcaption>Foto di Zeeman dell'<a href="/wiki/Effetto_Zeeman" title="Effetto Zeeman">effetto</a> che prese il suo nome</figcaption></figure><p> Nel <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a>, tre anni dopo la sua tesi sull'effetto Kerr, scoprì quello che poi divenne noto come <a href="/wiki/Effetto_Zeeman" title="Effetto Zeeman">effetto Zeeman</a>. Come approfondimento della sua tesi di ricerca, cominciò a studiare l'effetto di un <a href="/wiki/Campo_magnetico" title="Campo magnetico">campo magnetico</a> su una sorgente di <a href="/wiki/Luce" title="Luce">luce</a>. Scoprì che una <a href="/wiki/Linea_spettrale" title="Linea spettrale">linea spettrale</a> viene separata in più componenti sotto l'effetto del <a href="/wiki/Campo_magnetico" title="Campo magnetico">campo magnetico</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Lorentz</a> sentì parlare per la prima volta delle osservazioni di Zeeman sabato 31 ottobre <a href="/wiki/1896" title="1896">1896</a>, al meeting dell&#39;<i><a href="/wiki/Accademia_Reale_delle_Arti_e_delle_Scienze_dei_Paesi_Bassi" class="mw-redirect" title="Accademia Reale delle Arti e delle Scienze dei Paesi Bassi">Accademia Reale delle Arti e delle Scienze dei Paesi Bassi</a></i> di <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, dove questi risultati vennero annunciati da <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh Onnes</a>. Il lunedì seguente, Lorentz chiamò Zeeman nel suo ufficio e gli presentò una spiegazione delle sue osservazioni, basata sulla sua teoria della <a href="/wiki/Radiazione_elettromagnetica" title="Radiazione elettromagnetica">radiazione elettromagnetica</a>. </p><p>L'importanza della scoperta di Zeeman divenne presto evidente: si trattava della prima conferma delle predizioni di Lorentz sulla <a href="/wiki/Polarizzazione_della_radiazione_elettromagnetica" title="Polarizzazione della radiazione elettromagnetica">polarizzazione</a> della luce emessa alla presenza di un <a href="/wiki/Campo_magnetico" title="Campo magnetico">campo magnetico</a>. Dalle osservazioni di Zeeman fu evidente che le particelle oscillanti (che secondo le teorie di Lorentz erano la sorgente dell'emissione luminosa) erano cariche negativamente, e che erano circa un migliaio di volte più leggere di un atomo di <a href="/wiki/Idrogeno" title="Idrogeno">idrogeno</a>. Questa conclusione venne raggiunta poco tempo prima della scoperta dell'<a href="/wiki/Elettrone" title="Elettrone">elettrone</a> da parte di <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Thomson</a> (che di fatto fornì un'evidenza sperimentale a quanto calcolato da Lorentz separatamente), e segnò un passo importante nella scoperta della struttura dell'<a href="/wiki/Atomo" title="Atomo">atomo</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Professore_ad_Amsterdam">Professore ad Amsterdam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Zeeman&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Professore ad Amsterdam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Zeeman&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Professore ad Amsterdam"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EinsteinZeemanEhrenfest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/EinsteinZeemanEhrenfest.jpg/290px-EinsteinZeemanEhrenfest.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/EinsteinZeemanEhrenfest.jpg/435px-EinsteinZeemanEhrenfest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/EinsteinZeemanEhrenfest.jpg/580px-EinsteinZeemanEhrenfest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="2124" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a> in visita a Pieter Zeeman ad Amsterdam, con il suo amico <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ehrenfest" title="Paul Ehrenfest">Ehrenfest</a>. (1920 circa)</figcaption></figure> <p>Grazie alla sua scoperta, a Zeeman venne offerta la carica di lettore ad <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> nel <a href="/wiki/1897" title="1897">1897</a>, e nel <a href="/wiki/1900" title="1900">1900</a> venne promosso professore di fisica all&#39;<i>Università di Amsterdam</i>. Nel <a href="/wiki/1902" title="1902">1902</a> gli venne conferito il <a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel_per_la_fisica" title="Premio Nobel per la fisica">Premio Nobel per la fisica</a> per la scoperta dell'<a href="/wiki/Effetto_Zeeman" title="Effetto Zeeman">effetto Zeeman</a>, insieme al suo primo mentore Lorentz. Cinque anni più tardi, nel <a href="/wiki/1908" title="1908">1908</a>, succedette a <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">Van der Waals</a> come professore ordinario e Direttore del <i>Physics Institute</i> di Amsterdam. Questa nuova posizione gli permise di raffinare i suoi studi sull'effetto Zeeman. Per il resto della sua carriera continuò ad interessarsi ai fenomeni ottico-magnetici, ma studiò anche la propagazione della luce in mezzi in movimento, argomento diventato di interesse centrale nella fisica dopo la scoperta della <a href="/wiki/Relativit%C3%A0_ristretta" title="Relatività ristretta">relatività ristretta</a> di <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>. Più tardi nella sua carriera si interessò anche di <a href="/wiki/Spettrometria_di_massa" title="Spettrometria di massa">spettrometria di massa</a>. </p><p>Nel <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a> venne costruito un nuovo laboratorio ad <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, che dal <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a> fu rinominato <i>Zeeman Laboratory</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ultimi_anni">Ultimi anni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Zeeman&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Ultimi anni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Zeeman&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Ultimi anni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nel <a href="/wiki/1898" title="1898">1898</a>, Zeeman fu eletto membro dell&#39;<i>Accademia Reale delle Arti e delle Scienze</i> di <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, e ne divenne segretario dal <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a> al <a href="/wiki/1920" title="1920">1920</a>. Il 15 maggio 1910 divenne Socio dell'<a href="/wiki/Accademia_delle_Scienze_di_Torino" title="Accademia delle Scienze di Torino">Accademia delle Scienze di Torino</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Vinse molte altre onorificenze, tra cui la prestigiosa <a href="/wiki/Henry_Draper_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Draper Medal">Henry Draper Medal</a> nel <a href="/wiki/1921" title="1921">1921</a>. Divenne professore Emerito nel <a href="/wiki/1935" title="1935">1935</a>. </p><p>Zeeman morì il 9 ottobre <a href="/wiki/1943" title="1943">1943</a> ad <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>, e venne sepolto ad <a href="/wiki/Haarlem" title="Haarlem">Haarlem</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Riconoscimenti">Riconoscimenti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Zeeman&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Riconoscimenti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Zeeman&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Riconoscimenti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="display: flex; gap: 4px; padding: 3px"> <div style="width:60px"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Premio Nobel per la fisica 1902 - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria"><img alt="Premio Nobel per la fisica 1902 - nastrino per uniforme ordinaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/45px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/60px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span></div> <div style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 4px"> <div><a href="/wiki/Premio_Nobel_per_la_fisica" title="Premio Nobel per la fisica">Premio Nobel per la fisica 1902</a></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medaglia_Matteucci" title="Medaglia Matteucci">Medaglia Matteucci</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Draper_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Draper Medal">Medaglia Henry Draper</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medaglia_Rumford" title="Medaglia Rumford">Medaglia Rumford</a> (1922)</li></ul> <p>Il <a href="/wiki/Cratere_Zeeman" title="Cratere Zeeman">cratere Zeeman</a> sulla <a href="/wiki/Luna" title="Luna">Luna</a> porta il suo nome come pure un <a href="/wiki/Asteroide" title="Asteroide">asteroide</a>, <a href="/wiki/29212_Zeeman" title="29212 Zeeman">29212 Zeeman</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pubblicazioni">Pubblicazioni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Zeeman&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Pubblicazioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Zeeman&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Pubblicazioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Pieter Zeeman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070704225200/http://dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Zeeman-effect.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Effect of Magnetisation on the Nature of Light Emitted by a Substance</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Nature</span>, vol.&#160;55, febbraio 1897, p.&#160;347 <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us/webdocs/Chem-History/Zeeman-effect.html">url originale</abbr> il 4 luglio 2007)</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Joseph_Lodge" title="Oliver Joseph Lodge">Oliver Lodge</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0370-1662%281896%2F1897%2960%3C513%3ATIOAMF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-C"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Influence of a Magnetic Field on Radiation Frequency</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Proceedings of the Royal Society of London</span>, vol.&#160;60, 11 febbraio 1897, pp.&#160;513-514.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Larmor" title="Joseph Larmor">J Larmor</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0370-1662%281896%2F1897%2960%3C514%3ATIOAMF%3E2.0.CO%3B2-B"><span style="font-style:italic;">The Influence of a Magnetic Field on Radiation Frequency</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Proceedings of the Royal Society of London</span>, vol.&#160;60, 11 febbraio 1897, pp.&#160;514-515.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> P Zeeman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090519003222/http://www.historyofscience.nl/search/detail.cfm?pubid=1708&amp;view=image&amp;startrow=1"><span style="font-style:italic;">Fresnel's coefficient for light of different colours. (First part)</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Royal Netherlands Academy of Art and Sciences, Proceedings</span>, vol.&#160;17, I, 1914, pp.&#160;445-451. <small>URL consultato il 16 febbraio 2007</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.historyofscience.nl/search/detail.cfm?pubid=1708&amp;view=image&amp;startrow=1">url originale</abbr> il 19 maggio 2009)</small>.</cite></li> <li><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> P Zeeman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090519003227/http://www.historyofscience.nl/search/detail.cfm?pubid=1847&amp;view=image&amp;startrow=1"><span style="font-style:italic;">Fresnel's coefficient for light of different colours. (Second part)</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Royal Netherlands Academy of Art and Sciences, Proceedings</span>, vol.&#160;18, I, 1915, pp.&#160;398-408. <small>URL consultato il 16 febbraio 2007</small> <small>(archiviato dall'<abbr title="http&#58;//www.historyofscience.nl/search/detail.cfm?pubid=1847&amp;view=image&amp;startrow=1">url originale</abbr> il 19 maggio 2009)</small>.</cite></li> <li>Zeeman, P. (1900) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archive.org/details/effectsofamagnet028612mbp">The Effects Of A Magnetic Field On Radiation Memoirs By Faraday Kerr And Zeeman</a></i> (American Book Company)</li> <li>Zeeman, P. (1913) <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archive.org/details/researchesinmagn00zeemuoft">Researches in magneto-optics: with special reference to the magnetic resolution of spectrum lines</a></i> (London: Macmillan)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Zeeman&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Zeeman&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accademiadellescienze.it/accademia/soci/pieter-zeeman"><span style="font-style:italic;">Pieter ZEEMAN</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">accademiadellescienze.it</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/2002/MPC_20020526.pdf">M.P.C. 45750 del 26 maggio 2002</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Zeeman&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Zeeman&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effetto_Zeeman" title="Effetto Zeeman">Effetto Zeeman</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Zeeman&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Zeeman&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Autore:Pieter_Zeeman" class="extiw" title="s:Autore:Pieter Zeeman">Wikisource</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Pieter Zeeman"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pieter_Zeeman?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikisource"><img alt="Collabora a Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/27px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="s:">Wikisource</a> contiene una pagina dedicata a <b><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Autore:Pieter_Zeeman" class="extiw" title="s:Autore:Pieter Zeeman">Pieter Zeeman</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pieter_Zeeman?uselang=it">Pieter Zeeman</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Zeeman&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pieter_Zeeman&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section&#039;s source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFTreccani.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/pieter-zeeman"><span style="font-style:italic;">Zeeman, Pieter</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Treccani.it – Enciclopedie on line</span>, <a href="/wiki/Istituto_dell%27Enciclopedia_Italiana" title="Istituto dell&#39;Enciclopedia Italiana">Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79000#P3365" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFSapere.it" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sapere.it/enciclopedia/Zeeman,+Pieter.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Zeeman, Pieter</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">sapere.it</span>, <a href="/wiki/De_Agostini" title="De Agostini">De Agostini</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79000#P6706" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pieter-Zeeman"><span style="font-style:italic;">Pieter Zeeman</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79000#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFnobelprize.org" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/laureate/3"><span style="font-style:italic;">Pieter Zeeman</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">nobelprize.org</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79000#P8024" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFMathematics_Genealogy_Project" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genealogy.math.ndsu.nodak.edu/id.php?id=110929"><span style="font-style:italic;">Pieter Zeeman</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span>, North Dakota State University.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79000#P549" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFAccademia_delle_Scienze_di_Torino" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.accademiadellescienze.it/accademia/soci/pieter-zeeman"><span style="font-style:italic;">Pieter Zeeman</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">accademiadellescienze.it</span>, <a href="/wiki/Accademia_delle_Scienze_di_Torino" title="Accademia delle Scienze di Torino">Accademia delle Scienze di Torino</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79000#P8153" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Library" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL113778A"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere di Pieter Zeeman</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Open_Library" title="Internet Archive">Open Library</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79000#P648" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li>(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Albert van Helden <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyofscience.nl/author.cfm?RecordId=39"><i>Pieter Zeeman 1865 – 1943</i></a> In: K. van Berkel, A. van Helden and L. Palm ed., A History of Science in The Netherlands. Survey, Themes and Reference (Leiden: Brill, 1999) 606 - 608</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141815314">.mw-parser-output .navbox{border:1px solid #aaa;clear:both;margin:auto;padding:2px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox th{padding-left:1em;padding-right:1em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:#ccf;font-size:90%;width:100%;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_navbar{float:left;margin:0;padding:0 10px 0 0;text-align:left;width:6em}.mw-parser-output .navbox_title{font-size:110%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:#ddf;font-size:90%;padding:0 10px;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list{font-size:90%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox_list a{white-space:nowrap}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_odd{background:#fdfdfd;color:var(--color-base,black)}html:not(.vector-feature-night-mode-enabled) .mw-parser-output .navbox_even{background:#f7f7f7;color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox a.mw-selflink{color:var(--color-base,black)}.mw-parser-output .navbox_center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox_image{padding-left:7px;vertical-align:middle;width:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .mw-collapsible-toggle{font-weight:normal;text-align:right;width:7em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox_image img{max-width:none!important}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox{margin:-3px;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:#e6e6ff;padding:0 10px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr:first-child>th{background:var(--background-color-interactive)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox th{color:var(--color-base)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_abovebelow,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox_group{background:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .subnavbox_group{background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle)!important}}</style><table class="navbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed noprint metadata" id="navbox-Premio_Nobel_per_la_fisica"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2"><div class="navbox_navbar"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="background-color:transparent; padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000000); white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Template:Premio_Nobel_per_la_fisica" title="Template:Premio Nobel per la fisica"><span title="Vai alla pagina del template">V</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussioni_template:Premio_Nobel_per_la_fisica&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Discussioni template:Premio Nobel per la fisica (la pagina non esiste)"><span title="Discuti del template">D</span></a>&#160;·&#160;<a class="external text" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Premio_Nobel_per_la_fisica&amp;action=edit"><span title="Modifica il template. Usa l&#39;anteprima prima di salvare">M</span></a></div></div><span class="navbox_title"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_prize_medal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/20px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/30px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Nobel_prize_medal.svg/40px-Nobel_prize_medal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Vincitori_del_premio_Nobel_per_la_fisica" title="Vincitori del premio Nobel per la fisica">Vincitori del Premio Nobel per la fisica</a></span></th></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">1901 - 1925</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen">Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen</a> (1901) • <a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Lorentz">Hendrik Lorentz</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pieter Zeeman</a> (1902) • <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Henri_Becquerel" title="Antoine Henri Becquerel">Antoine Henri Becquerel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">Marie Curie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">Pierre Curie</a> (1903) • <a href="/wiki/John_William_Strutt_Rayleigh" title="John William Strutt Rayleigh">John William Strutt Rayleigh</a> (1904) • <a href="/wiki/Philipp_von_Lenard" title="Philipp von Lenard">Philipp von Lenard</a> (1905) • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">Joseph John Thomson</a> (1906) • <a href="/wiki/Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Albert Abraham Michelson</a> (1907) • <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Gabriel Lippmann</a> (1908) • <a href="/wiki/Carl_Ferdinand_Braun" title="Carl Ferdinand Braun">Carl Ferdinand Braun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Guglielmo Marconi</a> (1909) • <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">Johannes Diderik van der Waals</a> (1910) • <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wilhelm Wien</a> (1911) • <a href="/wiki/Nils_Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Nils Gustaf Dalén">Nils Gustaf Dalén</a> (1912) • <a href="/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Heike Kamerlingh Onnes</a> (1913) • <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Max von Laue</a> (1914) • <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">William Henry Bragg</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">William Lawrence Bragg</a> (1915) • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Charles Glover Barkla</a> (1917) • <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Max Planck</a> (1918) • <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Johannes Stark</a> (1919) • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Edouard_Guillaume" title="Charles Edouard Guillaume">Charles Edouard Guillaume</a> (1920) • <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a> (1921) • <a href="/wiki/Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">Niels Bohr</a> (1922) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Millikan" title="Robert Millikan">Robert Millikan</a> (1923) • <a href="/wiki/Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">Manne Siegbahn</a> (1924) • <a href="/wiki/James_Franck" title="James Franck">James Franck</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz">Gustav Hertz</a> (1925)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">1926 - 1950</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_Perrin" title="Jean Baptiste Perrin">Jean Baptiste Perrin</a> (1926) • <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Compton" title="Arthur Compton">Arthur Compton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">Charles Thomson Rees Wilson</a> (1927) • <a href="/wiki/Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">Owen Willans Richardson</a> (1928) • <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">Louis de Broglie</a> (1929) • <a href="/wiki/Chandrasekhara_Venkata_Raman" title="Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman">Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman</a> (1930) • <a href="/wiki/Werner_Karl_Heisenberg" title="Werner Karl Heisenberg">Werner Karl Heisenberg</a> (1932) • <a href="/wiki/Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Paul Dirac</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Erwin Schrödinger</a> (1933) • <a href="/wiki/James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">James Chadwick</a> (1935) • <a href="/wiki/Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">Carl David Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Franz_Hess" title="Victor Franz Hess">Victor Franz Hess</a> (1936) • <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Joseph_Davisson" title="Clinton Joseph Davisson">Clinton Joseph Davisson</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">George Paget Thomson</a> (1937) • <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a> (1938) • <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Orlando_Lawrence" title="Ernest Orlando Lawrence">Ernest Orlando Lawrence</a> (1939) • <a href="/wiki/Otto_Stern" title="Otto Stern">Otto Stern</a> (1943) • <a href="/wiki/Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Isidor Isaac Rabi</a> (1944) • <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Wolfgang Pauli</a> (1945) • <a href="/wiki/Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Percy Williams Bridgman</a> (1946) • <a href="/wiki/Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Edward Victor Appleton</a> (1947) • <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Maynard_Stuart_Blackett" title="Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett">Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett</a> (1948) • <a href="/wiki/Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Hideki Yukawa</a> (1949) • <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Frank_Powell" title="Cecil Frank Powell">Cecil Frank Powell</a> (1950)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">1951 - 1975</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/John_Douglas_Cockcroft" title="John Douglas Cockcroft">John Douglas Cockcroft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Ernest Walton</a> (1951) • <a href="/wiki/Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Felix Bloch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Edward Mills Purcell</a> (1952) • <a href="/wiki/Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Frits Zernike</a> (1953) • <a href="/wiki/Max_Born" title="Max Born">Max Born</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Walther Bothe</a> (1954) • <a href="/wiki/Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Polykarp Kusch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willis_Lamb" title="Willis Lamb">Willis Lamb</a> (1955) • <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Walter Houser Brattain</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley">William Bradford Shockley</a> (1956) • <a href="/wiki/Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">Tsung-Dao Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Chen Ning Yang</a> (1957) • <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Alekseevi%C4%8D_%C4%8Cerenkov" title="Pavel Alekseevič Čerenkov">Pavel Alekseevič Čerenkov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Il%27ja_Michajlovi%C4%8D_Frank" title="Il&#39;ja Michajlovič Frank">Il'ja Michajlovič Frank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Igor%27_Evgen%27evi%C4%8D_Tamm" title="Igor&#39; Evgen&#39;evič Tamm">Igor' Evgen'evič Tamm</a> (1958) • <a href="/wiki/Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Owen Chamberlain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Emilio Segrè</a> (1959) • <a href="/wiki/Donald_Glaser" title="Donald Glaser">Donald Glaser</a> (1960) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Robert Hofstadter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Ludwig_M%C3%B6ssbauer" title="Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer">Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer</a> (1961) • <a href="/wiki/Lev_Davidovi%C4%8D_Landau" title="Lev Davidovič Landau">Lev Davidovič Landau</a> (1962) • <a href="/wiki/Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Maria Goeppert-Mayer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hans_Jensen" title="Hans Jensen">Hans Jensen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Wigner" title="Eugene Wigner">Eugene Wigner</a> (1963) • <a href="/wiki/Nikolaj_Gennadievi%C4%8D_Basov" title="Nikolaj Gennadievič Basov">Nikolaj Gennadievič Basov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Michajlovi%C4%8D_Prochorov" title="Aleksandr Michajlovič Prochorov">Aleksandr Michajlovič Prochorov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes">Charles Hard Townes</a> (1964) • <a href="/wiki/Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Richard Feynman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julian_Schwinger" title="Julian Schwinger">Julian Schwinger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shin%27ichir%C5%8D_Tomonaga" title="Shin&#39;ichirō Tomonaga">Shin'ichirō Tomonaga</a> (1965) • <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Alfred Kastler</a> (1966) • <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Hans Bethe</a> (1967) • <a href="/wiki/Luis_%C3%81lvarez" title="Luis Álvarez">Luis Álvarez</a> (1968) • <a href="/wiki/Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Murray Gell-Mann</a> (1969) • <a href="/wiki/Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Hannes Alfvén</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Louis Néel</a> (1970) • <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Gabor" title="Dennis Gabor">Dennis Gabor</a> (1971) • <a href="/wiki/John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">John Bardeen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leon_Cooper" title="Leon Cooper">Leon Cooper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schrieffer" title="Robert Schrieffer">Robert Schrieffer</a> (1972) • <a href="/wiki/Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Leo Esaki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Ivar Giaever</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_Josephson" title="Brian Josephson">Brian Josephson</a> (1973) • <a href="/wiki/Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Antony Hewish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Martin Ryle</a> (1974) • <a href="/wiki/Aage_Niels_Bohr" title="Aage Niels Bohr">Aage Niels Bohr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ben_Mottelson" title="Ben Mottelson">Ben Mottelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">James Rainwater</a> (1975)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">1976 - 2000</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_even"><a href="/wiki/Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Burton Richter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Chao_Chung_Ting" title="Samuel Chao Chung Ting">Samuel Chao Chung Ting</a> (1976) • <a href="/wiki/Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">Philip Warren Anderson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Nevill Francis Mott</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Hasbrouck_van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck van Vleck">John Hasbrouck van Vleck</a> (1977) • <a href="/wiki/P%C3%ABtr_Leonidovi%C4%8D_Kapica" title="Pëtr Leonidovič Kapica">Pëtr Leonidovič Kapica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arno_Penzias" title="Arno Penzias">Arno Penzias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">Robert Woodrow Wilson</a> (1978) • <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Sheldon Lee Glashow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Abdus Salam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Steven Weinberg</a> (1979) • <a href="/wiki/James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">James Cronin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Val_Fitch" title="Val Fitch">Val Fitch</a> (1980) • <a href="/wiki/Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Nicolaas Bloembergen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Schawlow" title="Arthur Schawlow">Arthur Schawlow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">Kai Siegbahn</a> (1981) • <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Geddes_Wilson" title="Kenneth Geddes Wilson">Kenneth Geddes Wilson</a> (1982) • <a href="/wiki/Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">William Alfred Fowler</a> (1983) • <a href="/wiki/Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">Simon van der Meer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Carlo Rubbia</a> (1984) • <a href="/wiki/Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">Klaus von Klitzing</a> (1985) • <a href="/wiki/Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Gerd Binnig</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Heinrich Rohrer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ernst Ruska</a> (1986) • <a href="/wiki/Georg_Bednorz" title="Georg Bednorz">Georg Bednorz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller" title="Karl Alexander Müller">Karl Alexander Müller</a> (1987) • <a href="/wiki/Leon_Max_Lederman" title="Leon Max Lederman">Leon Max Lederman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Melvin Schwartz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Jack Steinberger</a> (1988) • <a href="/wiki/Hans_Dehmelt" title="Hans Dehmelt">Hans Dehmelt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paul" title="Wolfgang Paul">Wolfgang Paul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Foster_Ramsey" title="Norman Foster Ramsey">Norman Foster Ramsey</a> (1989) • <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Jerome Isaac Friedman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Henry Way Kendall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Edward_Taylor" title="Richard Edward Taylor">Richard Edward Taylor</a> (1990) • <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">Pierre-Gilles de Gennes</a> (1991) • <a href="/wiki/Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Georges Charpak</a> (1992) • <a href="/wiki/Russell_Alan_Hulse" title="Russell Alan Hulse">Russell Alan Hulse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooton_Taylor" title="Joseph Hooton Taylor">Joseph Hooton Taylor Jr.</a> (1993) • <a href="/wiki/Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Bertram Brockhouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Clifford Shull</a> (1994) • <a href="/wiki/Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Martin Lewis Perl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Frederick Reines</a> (1995) • <a href="/wiki/David_M._Lee" title="David M. Lee">David M. Lee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Osheroff" title="Douglas Osheroff">Douglas Osheroff</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">Robert Coleman Richardson</a> (1996) • <a href="/wiki/Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Steven Chu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Claude Cohen-Tannoudji</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Phillips" title="William Phillips">William Phillips</a> (1997) • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Laughlin" title="Robert Laughlin">Robert Laughlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horst_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Störmer">Horst Störmer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Tsui" title="Daniel Tsui">Daniel Tsui</a> (1998) • <a href="/wiki/Gerardus_%27t_Hooft" title="Gerardus &#39;t Hooft">Gerardus 't Hooft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martinus_Veltman" title="Martinus Veltman">Martinus Veltman</a> (1999) • <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDores_Ivanovi%C4%8D_Alf%C3%ABrov" title="Žores Ivanovič Alfërov">Žores Ivanovič Alfërov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_St._Clair_Kilby" title="Jack St. Clair Kilby">Jack St. Clair Kilby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Herbert Kroemer</a> (2000)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="1" class="navbox_group">2001 - oggi</th><td colspan="1" class="navbox_list navbox_odd"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Allin_Cornell" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Eric Allin Cornell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Wolfgang Ketterle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Wieman" title="Carl Wieman">Carl Wieman</a> (2001) • <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Davis_Jr." title="Raymond Davis Jr.">Raymond Davis Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Riccardo Giacconi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Masatoshi Koshiba</a> (2002) • <a href="/wiki/Aleksej_Alekseevi%C4%8D_Abrikosov" title="Aleksej Alekseevič Abrikosov">Aleksej Alekseevič Abrikosov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitalij_Lazarevi%C4%8D_Ginzburg" title="Vitalij Lazarevič Ginzburg">Vitalij Lazarevič Ginzburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Anthony James Leggett</a> (2003) • <a href="/wiki/David_Gross" title="David Gross">David Gross</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Politzer" title="David Politzer">David Politzer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Frank Wilczek</a> (2004) • <a href="/wiki/Roy_Glauber" title="Roy Glauber">Roy Glauber</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_L._Hall" title="John L. Hall">John L. Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theodor_H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor Hänsch">Theodor Hänsch</a> (2005) • <a href="/wiki/John_Cromwell_Mather" title="John Cromwell Mather">John Cromwell Mather</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Fitzgerald_Smoot" title="George Fitzgerald Smoot">George Fitzgerald Smoot</a> (2006) • <a href="/wiki/Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Albert Fert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Peter Grünberg</a> (2007) • <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dichir%C5%8D_Nambu" title="Yōichirō Nambu">Yōichirō Nambu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makoto_Kobayashi_(fisico)" title="Makoto Kobayashi (fisico)">Makoto Kobayashi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toshihide_Maskawa" title="Toshihide Maskawa">Toshihide Maskawa</a> (2008) • <a href="/wiki/Charles_K._Kao" title="Charles K. Kao">Charles K. Kao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Willard_Sterling_Boyle" title="Willard Sterling Boyle">Willard Sterling Boyle</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Elwood_Smith" title="George Elwood Smith">George Elwood Smith</a> (2009) • <a href="/wiki/Andrej_Gejm" title="Andrej Gejm">Andrej Gejm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Novos%C3%ABlov" title="Konstantin Novosëlov">Konstantin Novosëlov</a> (2010) • <a href="/wiki/Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Saul Perlmutter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brian_P._Schmidt" title="Brian P. Schmidt">Brian P. 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