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class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aparença</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ca.wikipedia.org&uselang=ca" class=""><span>Donatius</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carrera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carrera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Carrera</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carrera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Invents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Invents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Honors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Patricia Bath</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 20 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AB" title="باتريشيا باث - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باتريشيا باث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AB" title="باتريشيا باث - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="باتريشيا باث" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Patricia Bath" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Patricia Bath" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Patricia Bath" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Patricia Bath" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Patricia Bath" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Patricia Bath" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath - igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Patricia Bath" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Patricia Bath" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="പട്രീഷ്യ ബാത്ത് - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പട്രീഷ്യ ബാത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Patricia Bath" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Patricia Bath" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Era_Bath" title="Patricia Era Bath - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Patricia Era Bath" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82,_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бат, Патрисия - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бат, Патрисия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Patricia Bath" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patri%C5%A1a_Bat" title="Patriša Bat - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Patriša Bat" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Patricia Bath - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Patricia Bath" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%81%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Патрісія Бат - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Патрісія Бат" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90_%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="პატრისია ბატი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="პატრისია ბატი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7145460#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Bath" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussi%C3%B3:Patricia_Bath" rel="discussion" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Bath"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Bath&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Bath&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eines</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Eines</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Més opcions" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Accions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Patricia_Bath"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Bath&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Bath&action=history"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Patricia_Bath" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Patricia_Bath" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d'aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Bath&oldid=32659589" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Bath&action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&page=Patricia_Bath&id=32659589&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPatricia_Bath"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FPatricia_Bath"><span>Descarrega el codi QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimeix/exporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Llibre&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Patricia+Bath"><span>Crea un llibre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Patricia_Bath&action=show-download-screen"><span>Baixa com a PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Bath&printable=yes" title="Versió per a impressió d'aquesta pàgina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versió per a impressora</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En altres projectes </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Patricia_Bath" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7145460" title="Enllaç a l'element del repositori de dades connectat [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element a Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aparença"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aparença</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">amaga</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">De la Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33733479">.mw-parser-output .infobox_bodystyle{font-size:85%;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox_titleclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_titlestyle_pharaon{color:#202122;background-color:#f1f1de}.mw-parser-output .infobox_aboveclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_headerclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2;border-bottom:2px solid #ccccff;border-top:2px solid #ccccff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderclass{color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle1{width:100%;color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2;text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox_belowstyle{border-top:#aaa 1px solid;color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label{color:#202122;background-color:#eeeeee;padding-right:1.2em;text-align:start}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-data .infobox-label{color:inherit;background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-data .infobox-label{color:inherit;background-color:inherit}}.mw-parser-output .infobox_center_BG{text-align:center;color:#202122;background-color:#d6d6c2}.mw-parser-output .infobox_coa{padding-top:0.3em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .infobox .extiw{color:#3C7790}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox .extiw{color:#5F9CBB;background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox .extiw{color:#5F9CBB;background-color:inherit}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33733479"> <table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em;infobox_bodystyle"><caption class="infobox_titleclass" style="font-weight:bold"><span style="float:left;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Plantilla:Infotaula persona"><img alt="Plantilla:Infotaula persona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/20px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/30px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg/40px-Simpleicons_Interface_user-outline.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="485" data-file-height="485" /></a></span></span><span class="fn">Patricia Bath</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Patriciabath.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Patriciabath.jpg/220px-Patriciabath.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Patriciabath.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="307" data-file-height="418" /></a></span><br /> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7145460?uselang=ca#P18" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Biografia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Naixement</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">4 novembre 1942 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7145460?uselang=ca#P569" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem (Nova York)</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7145460?uselang=ca#P19" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Mort</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">30 maig 2019 <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7145460?uselang=ca#P570" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> (76 anys)<br /><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco (Califòrnia)</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7145460?uselang=ca#P20" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Grup ètnic</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Negres_estatunidencs" title="Negres estatunidencs">Afroamericans</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7145460?uselang=ca#P172" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Formació</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Universitat_Howard" title="Universitat Howard">Universitat Howard</a> <small>- <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q913404" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q913404">doctor en medicina</a> (–1968)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Hunter_College" title="Hunter College">Hunter College</a> <small> (–1964)</small><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4874340" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q4874340">Bayard Rustin Educational Complex</a> <small> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7145460?uselang=ca#P69" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Activitat</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Camp de treball</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Oftalmologia" title="Oftalmologia">Oftalmologia</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7145460?uselang=ca#P101" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ocupació</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12013238" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q12013238">oftalmòloga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inventor" title="Inventor">inventora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metge" title="Metge">metgessa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Recercador" class="mw-redirect" title="Recercador">investigadora</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7145460?uselang=ca#P106" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Ocupador</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/wiki/Universitat_de_Calif%C3%B2rnia_a_Los_Angeles" title="Universitat de Califòrnia a Los Angeles">Universitat de Califòrnia a Los Angeles</a> <small> </small><br /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5500403" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q5500403">Howard University Hospital</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5500403?uselang=ca" title="Tradueix"><img alt="Tradueix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span> <small> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7145460?uselang=ca#P108" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Membre de</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3308284" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q3308284">Alpha Kappa Alpha</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7145460?uselang=ca#P463" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass" style="text-align:center">Premis</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div style="text-align:start;"><ul><li><small>(2022)</small>  <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1366018" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1366018">National Inventors Hall of Fame</a></li><li>  <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7072982" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q7072982">membre de The Optical Society</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7145460?uselang=ca#P166" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Lloc web</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laserphaco.net/content/index.html">laserphaco.net…</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7145460?uselang=ca#P856" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Patricia Bath</b> (<a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a>,<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span><a href="/wiki/4_de_novembre" title="4 de novembre">4 de novembre</a> de <a href="/wiki/1942" title="1942">1942</a><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span>- <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>,<span style="white-space:nowrap;"> </span><a href="/wiki/30_de_maig" title="30 de maig">30 de maig</a> de <a href="/wiki/2019" title="2019">2019</a>) va ser una <a href="/wiki/Oftalmologia" title="Oftalmologia">oftalmòloga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inventora" class="mw-redirect" title="Inventora">inventora</a> i <a href="/wiki/Acad%C3%A8mica" class="mw-redirect" title="Acadèmica">acadèmica</a> <a href="/wiki/Estats_Units" class="mw-redirect" title="Estats Units">estatunidenca</a>. Va obrir camí per a les dones i els afroamericans en un cert nombre d'àrees. Abans de Bath, cap dona no havia format part del personal del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jules_Stein_Eye_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jules Stein Eye Institute (encara no existeix)">Jules Stein Eye Institute</a>, ni havia dirigit un programa de formació de post-grau en <a href="/wiki/Oftalmologia" title="Oftalmologia">oftalmologia</a>, o havia estat elegit empleat d'honor del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ronald_Reagan_UCLA_Medical_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center (encara no existeix)">UCLA Medical Center</a> (un honor conferit a ella després de la seva jubilació). Abans de Bath, cap persona negra havia treballat com a resident en oftalmologia a la <a href="/wiki/Universitat_de_Nova_York" title="Universitat de Nova York">Universitat de Nova York</a> i cap dona negra mai havia format part del personal com a cirurgià al Centre Mèdic UCLA. Bath va ser la primera metgessa <a href="/wiki/Negres_estatunidencs" title="Negres estatunidencs">afroamericana</a> en rebre una <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> per a un propòsit mèdic. Va ser titular de quatre patents en total, i va fundar l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=American_Institute_for_the_Prevention_of_Blindness&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness (encara no existeix)">American Institute for the Prevention of Blindness</a> (<i>Institut Americà per a la Prevenció de la Ceguesa</i>) a <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Primers_anys_i_educació"><span id="Primers_anys_i_educaci.C3.B3"></span>Primers anys i educació</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Bath&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Primers anys i educació"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nascuda el 4 de novembre de 1942 a Harlem, Manhattan,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bath va ser la filla de Rupert i Gladys Bath.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El seu pare, un immigrant de <a href="/wiki/Trinitat_i_Tobago" title="Trinitat i Tobago">Trinitat i Tobago</a>, fou un <a href="/wiki/Columnista" class="mw-redirect" title="Columnista">columnista</a> de diari, <a href="/wiki/Marina_mercant" title="Marina mercant">marí mercant</a> i el primer home negre a treballar per al <a href="/wiki/Metro_de_Nova_York" title="Metro de Nova York">metro de Nova York</a> com a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Motorista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Motorista (encara no existeix)">motorista</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NIMH_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIMH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El seu pare li va inspirar el seu amor per la cultura i va animar Bath per explorar diferents cultures.<sup id="cite_ref-Biocom_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biocom-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La seva mare era descendent d'esclaus africans.<sup id="cite_ref-NIMH_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIMH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ella va decidir ser una mestressa de casa, mentre els seus fills eren petits, i més tard es va convertir en majordoma per ajudar a finançar l'educació dels seus fills.<sup id="cite_ref-NIMH_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIMH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Criada a Harlem, Bath va tenir problemes amb el sexisme, el racisme, la pobresa, tot i que en tot moment fou encoratjada acadèmicament pels seus pares.<sup id="cite_ref-NIMH_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIMH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pioneers_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pioneers-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Era evident pels professors de Bath que era una estudiant dotada i la van empènyer a explorar els seus punts forts a l'escola. Amb l'ajuda d'un equip de microscopi que li van regalar quan era petita, Bath sabia que tenia un amor per les matemàtiques i la ciència. Bath va assistir a l'Escola Superior Charles Evans Hughes, on va excel·lir a un ritme tan ràpid que la va fer obtenir un diploma en tan sols dos anys i mig.<sup id="cite_ref-Pioneers_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pioneers-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En créixer, Bath sempre va lluitar amb el sexisme, el racisme i la pobresa. Va ser difícil per a ella, ja que no hi havia metges negres que ella conegués mentre estava creixent. Va créixer en una comunitat predominantment negra, on els negres no eren acceptats en moltes escoles de medicina. Tampoc va ser fàcil per a ella per anar a l'escola de medicina, ja que la seva família no tenia els fons per a això.<sup id="cite_ref-About_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Inspirada pels treballs d'<a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a> en medicina,<sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bath va sol·licitar i va obtenir una beca de la <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a> mentre assistia a la universitat; això la va portar a un projecte d'investigació a la <a href="/wiki/Yeshiva_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshiva University">Universitat Yeshiva</a> i el <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harlem_Hospital_Center&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harlem Hospital Center (encara no existeix)">Harlem Hospital Center</a> sobre la connexió entre el càncer, la nutrició i l'estrès, fet va ajudar a canviar el seu interès de la ciència envers la medicina.<sup id="cite_ref-Henderson_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henderson-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Williams_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El cap del programa investigat es va adonar de la importància de les seves troballes durant la investigació i els va publicar en un article científic que més tard va presentar.<sup id="cite_ref-Biocom_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biocom-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El 1960, quan encara era una adolescent, Bath va guanyar el "Premi al Mèrit" atorgat per la revista <i><a href="/wiki/Mademoiselle_(revista)" title="Mademoiselle (revista)">Mademoiselle</a></i> per la seva contribució al projecte.<sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bath rebé el seu <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">Bachelor of Arts</a> en <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Química">química</a> pel <a href="/wiki/Hunter_College" title="Hunter College">Hunter College</a> de Manhattan el 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es va traslladar a <a href="/wiki/Washington,_DC" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington, DC">Washington, DC</a> per assistir a l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_University_College_of_Medicine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Howard University College of Medicine (encara no existeix)">Escola Universitària de Medicina Howard</a>, per la qual rebria el seu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doctor_en_Medicina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doctor en Medicina (encara no existeix)">grau de doctor</a> in 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Durant la seva etapa a Howard, fou la presidenta de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Student_National_Medical_Association&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Student National Medical Association (encara no existeix)">Student National Medical Association</a> (<i>Associació Mèdica Nacional d'Estudiants</i>) i va rebre <i>fellowships</i> dels <a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">National Institutes of Health</a> (<i>Instituts Nacionals de la Salut</i>) i el <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Institute_of_Mental_Health&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Institute of Mental Health (encara no existeix)">National Institute of Mental Health</a> (<i>Institut Nacional de Salut Mental</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bath treballà com a <a href="/wiki/Especialista_Intern-Resident" title="Especialista Intern-Resident">MIR</a> al Harlem Hospital Center, i després treballà com a <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fellowship_(medicina)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fellowship (medicina) (encara no existeix)">fellow</a></i> a la <a href="/wiki/Universitat_de_Col%C3%BAmbia" title="Universitat de Colúmbia">Universitat de Colúmbia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bath viatjà a <a href="/wiki/Iugosl%C3%A0via" title="Iugoslàvia">Iugoslàvia</a> el 1967 per estudiar la salut dels nens, un fet que la va fer prendre consciència que la pràctica de la cura dels ulls era desigual entre les minories racials i les poblacions pobres, amb molta més incidència de ceguesa entre els seus pacients negres i pobres.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es va determinar que, com a metge, ajudaria a abordar aquesta qüestió.<sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ella va convèncer els seus professors de Columbia per operar als pacients cecs a Harlem Hospital Center, que no havia ofert prèviament la cirurgia ocular, sense cost.<sup id="cite_ref-Pioneers_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pioneers-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bath fou pionera en la disciplina mundial de la "comunitat oftalmològica", una iniciativa de voluntariat per portar l'atenció ocular necessària a les poblacions marginades.<sup id="cite_ref-NIMH_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIMH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Va treballar com a resident d'oftalmologia a la <a href="/wiki/Universitat_de_Nova_York" title="Universitat de Nova York">Universitat de Nova York</a> 1970-1973, i es convertí en el primer afroamericà a fer-ho en el seu camp.<sup id="cite_ref-NIMH_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIMH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Carrera">Carrera</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Bath&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Carrera"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Després de completar la seva educació, Bath treballà breument com a professora assistent a l'Institut Ocular Jules Stein d'UCLA i a la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universitat_Charles_R._Drew_de_Medicina_i_Ci%C3%A8ncia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universitat Charles R. Drew de Medicina i Ciència (encara no existeix)">Universitat Charles R. Drew de Medicina i Ciència</a> abans de convertir-se en la primera dona en la facultat de l'institut ocular.<sup id="cite_ref-NIMH_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIMH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Henderson_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henderson-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El 1978, Bath cofundà l'Institut Americà per a la Prevenció de la Ceguesa, del quan en fou la presidenta.<sup id="cite_ref-NIMH_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIMH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Henderson_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henderson-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jet_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jet-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El 1983, es va convertir en cap d'una residència al seu camp a la Universitat Charles R. Drew, la primera dona a dirigir un departament d'aquesta mena.<sup id="cite_ref-NIMH_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIMH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El 1993, es va retirar de la UCLA, que posteriorment la va triar com a part seu personal honorari, amb la qual cosa es convertia en la primera dona a assolir aquest reconeixement.<sup id="cite_ref-NIMH_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIMH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Va treballar com a professora d'oftalmologia de la Facultat de Medicina de la Universitat de Howard i com a professora de <a href="/wiki/Telemedicina" title="Telemedicina">telemedicina</a> i oftalmologia a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Universitat_de_Saint_George&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Universitat de Saint George (encara no existeix)">Universitat de Saint George</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jet_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jet-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ebony_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ebony-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fou un dels co-fundadors del programa d'entrenament en oftalmologia del <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centre_Ambulatori_Martin_Luther_King_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centre Ambulatori Martin Luther King Jr. (encara no existeix)">Centre Ambulatori Martin Luther King Jr.</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WOC_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WOC-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bath va fer conferències a nivell internacional i va escriure de més de 100 articles.<sup id="cite_ref-WOC_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WOC-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Invents">Invents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Bath&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Invents"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bath va ser titular de quatre patents als Estats Units.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El 1981, va concebre la sonda <a href="/wiki/Laserphaco" title="Laserphaco">Laserphaco</a>, un dispositiu mèdic que millora en l'ús de raigs làser per eliminar les cataractes, "mitjançant l'ablació i l'eliminació de les lents de cataractes".<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El dispositiu es va completar el 1986 després que Bath dugués a terme la investigació sobre els làsers a <a href="/wiki/Berl%C3%ADn" title="Berlín">Berlín</a> i el va patentar el 1988,<sup id="cite_ref-Henderson_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henderson-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> la qual cosa la convertia en la primera metgessa afroamericana a rebre un <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> per a un propòsit mèdic.<sup id="cite_ref-Henderson_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Henderson-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El dispositiu - que dissol ràpidament i gairebé sense dolor les <a href="/wiki/Cataractes" class="mw-redirect" title="Cataractes">cataractes</a> amb un <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A0ser" title="Làser">làser</a>, rega i neteja l'ull i permet la fàcil inserció d'un nou <a href="/wiki/Cristal%C2%B7l%C3%AD" title="Cristal·lí">cristal·lí</a> - s'utilitza a nivell internacional per al tractament de la malaltia.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NIMH_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIMH-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bath va continuar millorant el dispositiu i va restaurar amb èxit la visió a persones que no havien pogut veure durant dècades.<sup id="cite_ref-Jet_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jet-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stewart_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stewart-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tres de les quatre patents de Bath es refereixen a la sonda <a href="/wiki/Laserphaco" title="Laserphaco">Laserphaco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Jet_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jet-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En 2000, se li va concedir una patent per a un mètode que va idear per a l'ús de tecnologia d'<a href="/wiki/Ultras%C3%B2" title="Ultrasò">ultrasons</a> per al tractament de les cataractes.<sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_5-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Bath&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Honors"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bath va ser premiada per dues de les seves universitats. El Hunter College la va col·locar en el seu "saló de la fama" el 1988 i la Universitat de Howard la va declarar una "Pionera de la Universitat de Howard en medicina acadèmica" el 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-Lambert_5-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lambert-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Bath&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFPalomino2020"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Palomino</span>, Zinthia. <i>Dones negres en la ciència</i>.  Barcelona: Wanafrica ediciones, 2020. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-84-17150-86-0" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-84-17150-86-0">ISBN 978-84-17150-86-0</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dones+negres+en+la+ci%C3%A8ncia&rft.aulast=Palomino&rft.aufirst=Zinthia&rft.date=2020&rft.pub=Wanafrica+ediciones&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.isbn=978-84-17150-86-0"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Antoine, Yves 1941-</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1091679153"><i>Inventores y científicos negros</i></a>. 2ª edición en castellano. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9788417150310" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9788417150310">ISBN 9788417150310</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inventores+y+cient%C3%ADficos+negros&rft.aulast=Antoine%2C+Yves+1941-&rft.edition=2%C2%AA+edici%C3%B3n+en+castellano&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.isbn=9788417150310&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F1091679153"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_3-1">3,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_3-2">3,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_3-3">3,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_3-4">3,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_3-5">3,5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFWilson2003"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Wilson</span>, Donald; Jane Wilson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=FVhFX0VC4FMC&lpg=PA25&dq=%22The%20Pride%20of%20African%20American%20History%22%20%22Patricia%20Bath%22&pg=PA25#v=onepage&q=%22The%20Pride%20of%20African%20American%20History%22%20%22Patricia%20Bath%22&f=false"><i>The Pride of African American History</i></a>.  AuthorHouse, 20 de juny del 2003, p. 25. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-4107-2873-9" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-4107-2873-9">ISBN 978-1-4107-2873-9</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pride+of+African+American+History&rft.date=20+de+juny+del+2003&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.pages=25&rft.isbn=978-1-4107-2873-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFVhFX0VC4FMC%26lpg%3DPA25%26dq%3D%2522The%2520Pride%2520of%2520African%2520American%2520History%2522%2520%2522Patricia%2520Bath%2522%26pg%3DPA25%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522The%2520Pride%2520of%2520African%2520American%2520History%2522%2520%2522Patricia%2520Bath%2522%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIMH-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIMH_4-0">4,00</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIMH_4-1">4,01</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIMH_4-2">4,02</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIMH_4-3">4,03</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIMH_4-4">4,04</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIMH_4-5">4,05</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIMH_4-6">4,06</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIMH_4-7">4,07</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIMH_4-8">4,08</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIMH_4-9">4,09</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NIMH_4-10">4,10</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/changingthefaceofmedicine/physicians/biography_26.html">Dr. Patricia E. Bath</a>». <i>Changing the Face of Medicine</i>.  National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). [Consulta: 25 febrer 2011].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lambert-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_5-0">5,00</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_5-1">5,01</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_5-2">5,02</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_5-3">5,03</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_5-4">5,04</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_5-5">5,05</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_5-6">5,06</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_5-7">5,07</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_5-8">5,08</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_5-9">5,09</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_5-10">5,10</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_5-11">5,11</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_5-12">5,12</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Lambert_5-13">5,13</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFLambert2007"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Lambert</span>, Laura «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=6Is_rosCeKUC&lpg=PA73&dq=%22Laura%20Lambert%22%20%22Inventors%20and%20inventions%22%20%22Patricia%20Bath%22&pg=PA70#v=onepage&q=%22Laura%20Lambert%22%20%22Inventors%20and%20inventions%22%20%22Patricia%20Bath%22&f=false">Patricia Bath: Inventor of laser cataract surgery</a>». <i>Inventors and Inventions</i>. Marshall Cavendish, 1, 01-09-2007, pàg. 69-74.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biocom-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Biocom_6-0">6,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Biocom_6-1">6,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biography.com/people/patricia-bath-21038525">Patricia Bath  – Inventor, Doctor, Educator</a>». [Consulta: 28 octubre 2015].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pioneers-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pioneers_7-0">7,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pioneers_7-1">7,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Pioneers_7-2">7,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFFarmerShepherd-Wynn2012"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Farmer</span>, Vernon L.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Shepherd-Wynn</span>, Evelyn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=O8tEwW7E8PIC"><i>Voices of Historical and Contemporary Black American Pioneers</i></a> (en anglès).  ABC-CLIO, 2012-05-15, p. 21–22. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/9780313392252" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/9780313392252">ISBN 9780313392252</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Voices+of+Historical+and+Contemporary+Black+American+Pioneers&rft.aulast=Farmer&rft.aufirst=Vernon+L.&rft.date=2012-05-15&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.pages=21%E2%80%9322&rft.isbn=9780313392252&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO8tEwW7E8PIC"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-About-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-About_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://inventors.about.com/od/bstartinventors/a/Patricia_Bath.htm">Patricia Bath - On Her Greatest Obstacle</a>».  About.com. [Consulta: 7 desembre 2015].</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="" style="white-space: nowrap;"><i>[<a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Enlla%C3%A7os_externs#Manteniment_d'enllaços_externs" title="Viquipèdia:Enllaços externs">Enllaç no actiu</a>]</i></span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Henderson-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Henderson_9-0">9,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Henderson_9-1">9,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Henderson_9-2">9,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Henderson_9-3">9,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Henderson_9-4">9,4</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFHenderson1998"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Henderson</span>, Susan K. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=giau6wTGOfcC&lpg=PP1&dq=%22African-American%20Inventors%20III%22%20%22Patricia%20Bath%22&pg=PA9#v=onepage&q=%22Patricia%20Bath%22&f=false"><i>African-American Inventors III</i></a>.  Capstone Press, 1 de març de 1998, p. 9-13. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-56065-698-2" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-56065-698-2">ISBN 978-1-56065-698-2</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African-American+Inventors+III&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Susan+K.&rft.date=1+de+mar%C3%A7+de+1998&rft.pub=Capstone+Press&rft.pages=9-13&rft.isbn=978-1-56065-698-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgiau6wTGOfcC%26lpg%3DPP1%26dq%3D%2522African-American%2520Inventors%2520III%2522%2520%2522Patricia%2520Bath%2522%26pg%3DPA9%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522Patricia%2520Bath%2522%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Williams_10-0">10,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Williams_10-1">10,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFWilliams2011"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Williams</span>, James Henry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=xxwdp7M0odwC&lpg=PA45&dq=%22African%20American%20Inventors%20and%20Pioneers%22%20%22Patricia%20Bath%22&pg=PA45#v=onepage&q=%22African%20American%20Inventors%20and%20Pioneers%22%20%22Patricia%20Bath%22&f=false"><i>African American Inventors and Pioneers</i></a>.  Xlibris Corporation, 21 de gener del 2011, p. 45. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-4568-4000-6" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-4568-4000-6">ISBN 978-1-4568-4000-6</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=African+American+Inventors+and+Pioneers&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=James+Henry&rft.date=21+de+gener+del+2011&rft.pub=Xlibris+Corporation&rft.pages=45&rft.isbn=978-1-4568-4000-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dxxwdp7M0odwC%26lpg%3DPA45%26dq%3D%2522African%2520American%2520Inventors%2520and%2520Pioneers%2522%2520%2522Patricia%2520Bath%2522%26pg%3DPA45%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522African%2520American%2520Inventors%2520and%2520Pioneers%2522%2520%2522Patricia%2520Bath%2522%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jet-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Jet_11-0">11,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Jet_11-1">11,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Jet_11-2">11,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Jet_11-3">11,3</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=AbUDAAAAMBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false">Modern Black Inventors</a>». <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jet_(revista)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jet (revista) (encara no existeix)">Jet</a></i>. Johnson Publishing Company, 101, 04-02-2002, pàg. 55 [Consulta: 25 febrer 2011].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ebony-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ebony_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=qwUDRnr2e-AC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false">Modern Black Inventors</a>». <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ebony_(revista)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ebony (revista) (encara no existeix)">Ebony</a></i>. Johnson Publishing Company, 53, 10-1998 [Consulta: 25 febrer 2011].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WOC-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-WOC_13-0">13,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-WOC_13-1">13,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=u74L5QqENbYC&lpg=PA41&ots=5FGjLY7m3f&dq=%221997%20Women%20of%20Color%22%20%22U.S.%20Black%20Engineer%20%26%20IT%22&pg=PA42#v=onepage&q=%221997%20Women%20of%20Color%22%20%22U.S.%20Black%20Engineer%20&%20IT%22&f=false">1997 Women of Color</a>». <i>U.S. Black Engineer & IT</i>, 10-1997, pàg. 42. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1088-3444">1088-3444</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stewart-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Stewart_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFStewart2005"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Stewart</span>, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=7mg6T2yzCPcC&lpg=PA57&dq=%22What's%20the%20Big%20Idea%3F%22%20%22Patricia%20Bath%22&pg=PA57#v=onepage&q=%22What's%20the%20Big%20Idea?%22%20%22Patricia%20Bath%22&f=false"><i>What's the Big Idea?</i></a>.  Salariya Publishers, 1 d'octubre del 2005, p. 57. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-904642-56-5" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-904642-56-5">ISBN 978-1-904642-56-5</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What%27s+the+Big+Idea%3F&rft.aulast=Stewart&rft.aufirst=David&rft.date=1+d%27octubre+del+2005&rft.pub=Salariya+Publishers&rft.pages=57&rft.isbn=978-1-904642-56-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7mg6T2yzCPcC%26lpg%3DPA57%26dq%3D%2522What%27s%2520the%2520Big%2520Idea%253F%2522%2520%2522Patricia%2520Bath%2522%26pg%3DPA57%23v%3Donepage%26q%3D%2522What%27s%2520the%2520Big%2520Idea%3F%2522%2520%2522Patricia%2520Bath%2522%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span title="" style="white-space: nowrap;"><i>[<a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Enlla%C3%A7os_externs#Manteniment_d'enllaços_externs" title="Viquipèdia:Enllaços externs">Enllaç no actiu</a>]</i></span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Patricia_Bath&action=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biography.com/people/patricia-bath-21038525#synopsis">Biografia</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33711417">.mw-parser-output .languageicon{font-size:0.95em;color:#555;background-color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}</style><span class="languageicon" title="En anglès">(anglès)</span></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Control_d%27autoritats" title="Control d'autoritats">Registres d'autoritat</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-no2016-106502">WorldCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/1189605899">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCCN" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN">LCCN</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2016106502">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIAF" class="mw-redirect" title="VIAF">VIAF</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viaf.org/viaf/311307472">1</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISNI" class="mw-redirect" title="ISNI">ISNI</a> <span class="uid"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000497475087">1</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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