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current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" 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class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Help%3ASpecial+page" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Help%3ASpecial+page" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Help%3ASpecial+page" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Help%3ASpecial+page" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Modifying_special_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modifying_special_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Modifying special pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modifying_special_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Available_special_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Available_special_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Available special pages</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Available_special_pages-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Available special pages subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Available_special_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-By_function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#By_function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>By function</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-By_function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>General information</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Page_listings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Page_listings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Page listings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Page_listings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.3</span> <span>Tools</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Latest_changes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Latest_changes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.4</span> <span>Latest changes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Latest_changes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Users" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Users"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5</span> <span>Users</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Users-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Global_users" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_users"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.5.1</span> <span>Global users</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_users-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.6</span> <span>Personal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maintenance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maintenance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.7</span> <span>Maintenance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maintenance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miscellaneous" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miscellaneous"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.8</span> <span>Miscellaneous</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miscellaneous-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restricted" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restricted"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.9</span> <span>Restricted</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restricted-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrequently_updated" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrequently_updated"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.10</span> <span>Infrequently updated</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrequently_updated-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alphabetical_order" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alphabetical_order"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Alphabetical order</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alphabetical_order-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-A" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>A</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-B" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#B"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>B</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-B-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-C" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#C"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>C</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-C-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-D" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#D"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>D</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-D-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-E" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#E"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.5</span> <span>E</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-E-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-F" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#F"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.6</span> <span>F</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-F-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-G" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#G"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.7</span> <span>G</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-G-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-H" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#H"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.8</span> <span>H</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-H-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.9</span> <span>I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.10</span> <span>L</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-M" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#M"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.11</span> <span>M</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-M-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-N" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#N"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.12</span> <span>N</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-N-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-O" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#O"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.13</span> <span>O</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-O-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-P" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#P"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.14</span> <span>P</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-P-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Q" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Q"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.15</span> <span>Q</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Q-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-R" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#R"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.16</span> <span>R</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-R-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-S" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#S"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.17</span> <span>S</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-S-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-T" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#T"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.18</span> <span>T</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-T-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.19</span> <span>U</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-V" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#V"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.20</span> <span>V</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-V-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-W" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#W"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.21</span> <span>W</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-W-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linking_and_transcluding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linking_and_transcluding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Linking and transcluding</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Linking_and_transcluding-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Linking and transcluding subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Linking_and_transcluding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Links_containing_URL_query_strings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Links_containing_URL_query_strings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Links containing URL query strings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Links_containing_URL_query_strings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_pages_in_other_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_pages_in_other_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Special pages in other languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_pages_in_other_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Help</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Special page</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulp:Spesiale_bladsy" title="Hulp:Spesiale bladsy – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hulp:Spesiale bladsy" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfe:Spezialseiten" title="Hilfe:Spezialseiten – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Hilfe:Spezialseiten" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9" title="مساعدة:صفحة خاصة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مساعدة:صفحة خاصة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipediya:X%C3%BCsusi_s%C9%99hif%C9%99l%C9%99r" title="Vikipediya:Xüsusi səhifələr – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Vikipediya:Xüsusi səhifələr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF:%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B7_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="সাহায্য:বিশেষ পাতা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সাহায্য:বিশেষ পাতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Уикипедия:Специални страници – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уикипедия:Специални страници" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuda:P%C3%A0gina_especial" title="Ajuda:Pàgina especial – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ajuda:Pàgina especial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfe:Spezialseiten" title="Hilfe:Spezialseiten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hilfe:Spezialseiten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:P%C3%A1ginas_especiales" title="Wikipedia:Páginas especiales – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Wikipedia:Páginas especiales" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helpo:Speciala%C4%B5o" title="Helpo:Specialaĵo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Helpo:Specialaĵo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7:%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D9%87_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%87" title="راهنما:صفحه ویژه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="راهنما:صفحه ویژه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Pages_sp%C3%A9ciales" title="Aide:Pages spéciales – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aide:Pages spéciales" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8F%84%EC%9B%80%EB%A7%90:%ED%8A%B9%EC%88%98_%EB%AC%B8%EC%84%9C" title="도움말:특수 문서 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="도움말:특수 문서" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE:%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A0" title="सहायता:विशेष पृष्ठ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सहायता:विशेष पृष्ठ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Posebne_stranice" title="Wikipedija:Posebne stranice – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Wikipedija:Posebne stranice" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulong:Espesial_a_panid" title="Tulong:Espesial a panid – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tulong:Espesial a panid" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bantuan:Halaman_istimewa" title="Bantuan:Halaman istimewa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bantuan:Halaman istimewa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Kerfiss%C3%AD%C3%B0ur" title="Wikipedia:Kerfissíður – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Wikipedia:Kerfissíður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiuto:Pagine_speciali" title="Aiuto:Pagine speciali – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aiuto:Pagine speciali" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%93%D7%99%D7%94:%D7%93%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D_%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%97%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9D" title="ויקיפדיה:דפים מיוחדים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ויקיפדיה:דפים מיוחדים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%8E%D8%AF%D9%8E%D8%AA%DA%BE:%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5_%D8%B5%D9%8E%D9%81%DB%81%D9%95" title="مَدَتھ:خاص صَفہٕ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="مَدَتھ:خاص صَفہٕ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxilium:Paginae_speciales" title="Auxilium:Paginae speciales – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Auxilium:Paginae speciales" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagalba:Specialieji_puslapiai" title="Pagalba:Specialieji puslapiai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Pagalba:Specialieji puslapiai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF:%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%95_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പ്രത്യേക താളുകൾ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="വിക്കിപീഡിയ:പ്രത്യേക താളുകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Speciale_pagina%27s" title="Wikipedia:Speciale pagina's – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Wikipedia:Speciale pagina's" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%E7%89%B9%E5%88%A5%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8" title="Help:特別ページ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Help:特別ページ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hjelp:Spesialside" title="Hjelp:Spesialside – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hjelp:Spesialside" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97:Special_page" title="ସହଯୋଗ:Special page – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ସହଯୋଗ:Special page" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮਦਦ:ਖਾਸ ਸਫ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਦਦ:ਖਾਸ ਸਫ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:P%C3%A1ginas_especiais" title="Wikipédia:Páginas especiais – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Wikipédia:Páginas especiais" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wat_maache_S%C3%B6ndersigge%3F" title="Wikipedia:Wat maache Söndersigge? – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Wikipedia:Wat maache Söndersigge?" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Википедия:Спецстраницы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Википедия:Спецстраницы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ndihm%C3%AB:Faqet_speciale" title="Ndihmë:Faqet speciale – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Ndihmë:Faqet speciale" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F:Special_pages" title="විකිපීඩියා:Special pages – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විකිපීඩියා:Special pages" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Special_pages" title="Wikipedia:Special pages – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Wikipedia:Special pages" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%AF:%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A7" title="مدد:خاص صفحا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="مدد:خاص صفحا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomo%C4%8D:Posebna_stran" title="Pomoč:Posebna stran – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pomoč:Posebna stran" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%9B:%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5" title="Помоћ:Посебне странице – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Помоћ:Посебне странице" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Namnrymder/Special" title="Wikipedia:Namnrymder/Special – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Wikipedia:Namnrymder/Special" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9" title="วิธีใช้:หน้าพิเศษ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วิธีใช้:หน้าพิเศษ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D2%B3%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE:%D0%A1%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0%D2%B3%D0%BE%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B0" title="Роҳнамо:Саҳифаҳои вижа – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Роҳнамо:Саҳифаҳои вижа" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yard%C4%B1m:%C3%96zel_sayfalar" title="Yardım:Özel sayfalar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yardım:Özel sayfalar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AA:%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B5%DB%8C_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%DB%81" title="معاونت:خصوصی صفحہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="معاونت:خصوصی صفحہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%B0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A4%D6%BC%D7%A2%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A2:%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2_%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="װיקיפּעדיע:ספעציעלע בלעטער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="װיקיפּעדיע:ספעציעלע בלעטער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2" title="Help:特殊页面 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Help:特殊页面" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q8196818#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Help:Special_page" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Special_page&oldid=1246124248" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Special_page&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHelp%3ASpecial_page"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHelp%3ASpecial_page"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Help%3ASpecial_page&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Special_page&printable=yes" 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This page is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Special_pages&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Special pages">Help:Special pages</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Help page about special pages on Wikipedia</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"WP:SPEC" redirects here. For the policy on speculative information in articles, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_crystal_ball" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not § Wikipedia is not a crystal ball</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Wikipedia information page</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This is an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace#How-to_and_information_pages" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">information page</a>.</b><br/><div style="font-size: 90%;">It is not an <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F" title="Wikipedia:What is an article?">encyclopedic article</a>, nor one of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</a>; rather, its purpose is to explain certain aspects of Wikipedia's norms, customs, technicalities, or practices. It may reflect differing levels of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus#Achieving_consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">vetting</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="H:SP"></span><span id="WP:HSPEC"></span><span id="WP:SPEC"></span><span id="WP:SPECIAL"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=H:SP&redirect=no">H:SP</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:HSPEC&redirect=no">WP:HSPEC</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:SPEC&redirect=no">WP:SPEC</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:SPECIAL&redirect=no">WP:SPECIAL</a></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align: center; font-size: 85%"> <caption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1045256916">.mw-parser-output .navbar-header{text-align:center;position:relative;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .navbar-header .navbar{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;margin:0 5px}</style><div class="navbar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration#Data_structure_and_development" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Wikipedia data structure</a><style 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.navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Namespaces" title="Template:Namespaces"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Namespaces" title="Template talk:Namespaces"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Namespaces" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Namespaces"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></div> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Namespaces</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace#Subject_namespaces" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Subject namespaces</a></th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk namespaces</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>0 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F#Namespace" title="Wikipedia:What is an article?">(Main/Article)</a></td> <td>Talk </td> <th>1 </th></tr> <tr> <th>2 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User</a></td> <td>User talk </td> <th>3 </th></tr> <tr> <th>4 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Wikipedia</a></td> <td>Wikipedia talk </td> <th>5 </th></tr> <tr> <th>6 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">File</a></td> <td>File talk </td> <th>7 </th></tr> <tr> <th>8 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:MediaWiki_namespace" title="Help:MediaWiki namespace">MediaWiki</a></td> <td>MediaWiki talk </td> <th>9 </th></tr> <tr> <th>10 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template</a></td> <td>Template talk </td> <th>11 </th></tr> <tr> <th>12 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Help namespace">Help</a></td> <td>Help talk </td> <th>13 </th></tr> <tr> <th>14 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a></td> <td>Category talk </td> <th>15 </th></tr> <tr> <th>100 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Portal</a></td> <td>Portal talk </td> <th>101 </th></tr> <tr> <th>118 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Drafts" title="Wikipedia:Drafts">Draft</a></td> <td>Draft talk </td> <th>119 </th></tr> <tr> <th>126 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">MOS</a></td> <td>MOS talk </td> <th>127 </th></tr> <tr> <th>710 </th> <td><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:TimedMediaHandler" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:TimedMediaHandler">TimedText</a></td> <td>TimedText talk </td> <th>711 </th></tr> <tr> <th>828 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Module</a></td> <td>Module talk </td> <th>829 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace#Former_namespaces" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Former namespaces</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>108 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Books" title="Wikipedia:Books">Book</a></td> <td>Book talk </td> <th>109 </th></tr> <tr> <th>442 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Course_pages#Education_Program_course_pages" title="Wikipedia:Course pages">Course</a></td> <td>Course talk </td> <th>443 </th></tr> <tr> <th>444 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Course_pages#Education_Program_institution_pages" title="Wikipedia:Course pages">Institution</a></td> <td>Institution talk </td> <th>445 </th></tr> <tr> <th>446 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Course_pages" title="Wikipedia:Course pages">Education Program</a></td> <td>Education Program talk </td> <th>447 </th></tr> <tr> <th>2300 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gadget" title="Wikipedia:Gadget">Gadget</a></td> <td>Gadget talk </td> <th>2301 </th></tr> <tr> <th>2302 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gadget" title="Wikipedia:Gadget">Gadget definition</a></td> <td>Gadget definition talk </td> <th>2303 </th></tr> <tr> <th>2600 </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Flow" title="Wikipedia:Flow">Topic</a></td> <td> </td> <th>2601 </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace#Virtual_namespaces" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Virtual namespaces</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>-1 </th> <td colspan="3"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Special</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>-2 </th> <td colspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Media</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Special:NamespaceInfo" title="Special:NamespaceInfo">Current list</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="text-align: center; font-size: 85%"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Special:SpecialPages">Special pages</a> (<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Maintenance">maintenance</a>)</th> <th>Information </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Special:BrokenRedirects" title="Special:BrokenRedirects">Broken redirects</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Special:DeadendPages" title="Special:DeadendPages">Dead-end pages</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dead-end_pages" title="Wikipedia:Dead-end pages">Dead-end pages</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Special:AncientPages" title="Special:AncientPages">Dormant pages</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Database_reports/Forgotten_articles" title="Wikipedia:Database reports/Forgotten articles">Forgotten articles</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Special:DoubleRedirects" title="Special:DoubleRedirects">Double redirects</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Double_redirects" title="Wikipedia:Double redirects">Double redirects</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Special:LonelyPages" title="Special:LonelyPages">Lonely pages</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Orphanage" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Orphanage">Orphaned articles</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Special:LongPages" title="Special:LongPages">Long pages</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Special:NewPages" title="Special:NewPages">New pages</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:New_pages_patrol" title="Wikipedia:New pages patrol">New pages patrol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Special:NewPagesFeed" title="Special:NewPagesFeed">New pages feed</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_Curation" title="Wikipedia:Page Curation">Page curation</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Special:ProtectedPages" title="Special:ProtectedPages">Protected pages</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy" title="Wikipedia:Protection policy">Protection policy</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Special:ShortPages" title="Special:ShortPages">Short pages</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Special:UncategorizedPages" title="Special:UncategorizedPages">Uncategorized pages</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Database_reports/Uncategorized_categories" title="Wikipedia:Database reports/Uncategorized categories">Uncategorized categories</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Special:UncategorizedTemplates" title="Special:UncategorizedTemplates">Uncategorized templates</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Special:UnusedCategories" title="Special:UnusedCategories">Unused categories</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Special:UnusedFiles" title="Special:UnusedFiles">Unused files (images)</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Special:UnusedTemplates" title="Special:UnusedTemplates">Unused templates</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Special:WithoutInterwiki" title="Special:WithoutInterwiki">Without interwiki links</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Special:MostInterwikis" title="Special:MostInterwikis">Most interwiki links</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Special:WantedPages" title="Special:WantedPages">Wanted pages</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Most-wanted_articles" title="Wikipedia:Most-wanted articles">Most-wanted articles</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><i>See also: <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Maintenance" title="Wikipedia:Maintenance">Maintenance departments</a></b> </i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Special pages</b> are pages generated by the software on demand for special purposes, usually related to project maintenance. They are found in the <code>Special:</code> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">namespace</a>, a virtual namespace whose pages lack corresponding talk pages. They are not written in <a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">wikitext</a> and cannot be directly edited but elements of their pages can sometimes be edited through corresponding pages in the <a href="/wiki/Help:MediaWiki_namespace" title="Help:MediaWiki namespace">MediaWiki namespace</a>. If you make a normal redirect to a special page, the redirect will not be immediately followed (though special pages can be targets of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Soft_redirect" title="Wikipedia:Soft redirect">soft redirects</a>), and directly creating any pages beginning with the <code>Special:</code> prefix is also not possible. </p><p>Special pages often take <a href="/wiki/Parameter_(computer_programming)" title="Parameter (computer programming)">parameters</a>. Sometimes these can be supplied after a slash (as in <a href="/wiki/Special:Log/block" title="Special:Log/block">Special:Log/block</a>); in other cases an index.php call is used; for example <a class="external free" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&days=3&limit=10">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&days=3&limit=10</a>. Also, the content of most special pages depends on preferences that have been set by the user, e.g. classic or enhanced Recent Changes, the number of titles in Recent Changes and the watchlist, etc. </p><p>A directory of special pages <i>available for the current user</i> can be accessed from <a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Special:SpecialPages">Special:SpecialPages</a>, which is found in the sidebar of every page on Wikipedia in the Tools section. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Modifying_special_pages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Modifying_special_pages"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Modifying_special_pages"></span>Modifying special pages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Modifying_special_pages"></span></h2></div> <p>Although special pages are not themselves editable, they generally contain standard text which is modifiable (although only by administrators). To find the right portion of text, append <code><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Qqx" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:Qqx">?uselang=qqx</a></code> to the special page URL, or append <code>&uselang=qqx</code> instead if the URL already contains a <code>?</code>. This will reveal message names in parentheses. Then, go to that name in the <a href="/wiki/Help:MediaWiki_namespace" title="Help:MediaWiki namespace">MediaWiki namespace</a>. For example, <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources?uselang=qqx">Special:BookSources?uselang=qqx</a></span> reveals "(booksources-summary)", so <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki:Booksources-summary" title="MediaWiki:Booksources-summary">MediaWiki:Booksources-summary</a> is used on that page. To propose a modification, leave an <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Edit_fully-protected" title="Template:Edit fully-protected">edit fully-protected</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> request on the talk page of the relevant MediaWiki page. An administrator will make the change if it seems appropriate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Available_special_pages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Available_special_pages"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Available_special_pages"></span>Available special pages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Available_special_pages"></span></h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="By_function" data-mw-thread-id="h-By_function-Available_special_pages"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-By_function-Available_special_pages"></span>By function<span data-mw-comment-end="h-By_function-Available_special_pages"></span></h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="General_information" data-mw-thread-id="h-General_information-By_function"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-General_information-By_function"></span>General information<span data-mw-comment-end="h-General_information-By_function"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:AllMessages" title="Special:AllMessages">Special:AllMessages</a> (System messages): displays all pages in the MediaWiki namespace. See <a href="/wiki/Help:MediaWiki_namespace" title="Help:MediaWiki namespace">Help:MediaWiki namespace</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:NamespaceInfo" title="Special:NamespaceInfo">Special:NamespaceInfo</a>, information about site <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">namespaces</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix">Special:SiteMatrix</a> (Wikimedia wikis): lists all Wikimedia projects (such as different language Wikipedias) and their codes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Special:SpecialPages">Special:SpecialPages</a>: a list of most special pages currently available to all users.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Statistics" title="Special:Statistics">Special:Statistics</a>: total number of pages and users in various categories.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Version" title="Special:Version">Special:Version</a>: shows the version of the software the site is currently running and lists the extensions, skins, and libraries currently installed.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Page_listings" data-mw-thread-id="h-Page_listings-By_function"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Page_listings-By_function"></span>Page listings<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Page_listings-By_function"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:AllPages" title="Special:AllPages">Special:AllPages</a>: allows the user to access a portion of an alphabetical list of all Wikipedia pages in a specified namespace. A starting point can be given as a parameter, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Special:AllPages/T" title="Special:AllPages/T">Special:AllPages/T</a> (pages in the main namespace, from "T"), <a href="/wiki/Special:AllPages/Template:" title="Special:AllPages/Template:">Special:AllPages/Template:</a> (pages in the Template: namespace, from the start). For the order in which pages are listed, see <a href="/wiki/Help:Alphabetical_order" title="Help:Alphabetical order">Help:Alphabetical order</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Special:Categories</a>: shows an alphabetical list of categories, with numbers of members.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:CategoryTree" title="Special:CategoryTree">Special:CategoryTree</a>: displays categories in a tree structure.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ListFiles" title="Special:ListFiles">Special:ListFiles</a> (File list): list of images and other files uploaded; can be sorted by size or date. <a href="/wiki/Special:ListFiles/Example" title="Special:ListFiles/Example">Special:ListFiles/Example</a> lists files uploaded by User:Example.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ListRedirects" title="Special:ListRedirects">Special:ListRedirects</a> (Redirects): lists all redirects.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:PagesWithProp" title="Special:PagesWithProp">Special:PagesWithProp</a> (Pages with a page property): lists pages that use a particular page property.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex" title="Special:PrefixIndex">Special:PrefixIndex</a> (All pages with prefix): similar to AllPages. Lists all pages of a specified namespace beginning with a given prefix. Useful to find subpages, for example: <a href="/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex/User:Example" title="Special:PrefixIndex/User:Example">Special:PrefixIndex/User:Example</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ProtectedPages" title="Special:ProtectedPages">Special:ProtectedPages</a>: lists protected pages.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ProtectedTitles" title="Special:ProtectedTitles">Special:ProtectedTitles</a>: lists titles which have been protected to prevent pages being created there.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:StablePages" title="Special:StablePages">Special:StablePages</a> (Pages using Pending Changes): lists pages under <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">pending changes</a> protection.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UnconnectedPages" title="Special:UnconnectedPages">Special:UnconnectedPages</a> (Pages not connected to items): lists pages not connected with any item from Wikidata.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tools" data-mw-thread-id="h-Tools-By_function"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Tools-By_function"></span>Tools<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Tools-By_function"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:ApiHelp" title="Special:ApiHelp">Special:ApiHelp</a>: MediaWiki API help.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ApiSandbox" title="Special:ApiSandbox">Special:ApiSandbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Book" title="Special:Book">Special:Book</a> (Manage your book): gives access to functionality for creating personalized sets of Wikipedia pages. See <a href="/wiki/Help:Books" title="Help:Books">Help:Books</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ComparePages" title="Special:ComparePages">Special:ComparePages</a>: to compare two pages (diffs between two pages).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Diff" title="Special:Diff">Special:Diff</a>: e.g. <code>[[Special:Diff/611653557|<text>]]</code> gives <a href="/wiki/Special:Diff/611653557" title="Special:Diff/611653557">diff between version 611653557 and the preceding version of the same article</a>, or <code>[[Special:Diff/583498451/611653557|<text>]]</code> gives <a href="/wiki/Special:Diff/583498451/611653557" title="Special:Diff/583498451/611653557">diff between version 583498451 and 611653557</a>, not necessarily of the same article, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Special:Diff/330350877/611653557" title="Special:Diff/330350877/611653557">Special:Diff/330350877/611653557</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/548289653...567368971" title="Special:MobileDiff/548289653...567368971">Special:MobileDiff/<i>id1</i>...<i>id2</i></a>: diffs in mobile version. e.g., <a href="/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/548289653...567368971" title="Special:MobileDiff/548289653...567368971">Special:MobileDiff/548289653...567368971</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Export" title="Special:Export">Special:Export</a> (Export pages): produces an XML file containing the wikitext and metadata of either the current version only, or all revisions, of one or more pages, specified in the form of a list; the XML file is in the format required for Special:Import; exporting is typically done either in preparation of applying the latter at another MediaWiki project, or for searching within old page revisions. See <a href="/wiki/Help:Export" title="Help:Export">Help:Export</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Gadgets" title="Special:Gadgets">Special:Gadgets</a>: lists gadgets that users can enable in their preferences.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MIMESearch" title="Special:MIMESearch">Special:MIMESearch</a>: filters files for <a href="/wiki/Media_type" title="Media type">media type</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MovePage" title="Special:MovePage">Special:MovePage</a>: for moving (renaming) a page (see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_a_page" title="Wikipedia:Moving a page">Wikipedia:Moving a page</a>). The page must be given as a parameter.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Nearby" title="Special:Nearby">Special:Nearby</a>: to see a list of articles around you (articles near your geographical location).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Special:Random">Special:Random</a>: redirects to a random page from the main namespace which is not a redirect. Other namespaces can be specified as a parameter, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Special:Random/Talk" title="Special:Random/Talk">Special:Random/Talk</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Random" title="Wikipedia:Random">Wikipedia:Random</a> for more details.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory" title="Special:RandomInCategory">Special:RandomInCategory</a> (Random page in category): redirects to a random page within the specified category (can be from any namespace).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomRedirect" title="Special:RandomRedirect">Special:RandomRedirect</a>: redirects to a random redirect page.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomRootpage" title="Special:RandomRootpage">Special:RandomRootpage</a>: redirects to a random <i>root</i> page, that is, excluding sub-pages. Some wikis, such as Wikibooks, use a sub-page hierarchy. This function can be used there as a substitute for Special:Random, so it can be used to show "random books" in Wikibooks, instead of random pages.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Search" title="Special:Search">Special:Search</a>: for searching Wikipedia. See <a href="/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Help:Searching</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:TemplateSandbox" title="Special:TemplateSandbox">Special:TemplateSandbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Upload" title="Special:Upload">Special:Upload</a> (Upload file): upload a file to the wiki.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:VipsTest" title="Special:VipsTest">Special:VipsTest</a> (VIPS scaling test page)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere" title="Special:WhatLinksHere">Special:WhatLinksHere</a>: enables listing all pages linking to a given page (including transclusions and redirects). The target can be specified as a parameter, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Swaziland" title="Special:WhatLinksHere/Swaziland">Special:WhatLinksHere/Swaziland</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Help:What_links_here" title="Help:What links here">Help:What links here</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Latest_changes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Latest_changes-By_function"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Latest_changes-By_function"></span>Latest changes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Latest_changes-By_function"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:AbuseFilter" title="Special:AbuseFilter">Special:AbuseFilter</a> (Edit filter management): a set of tools for detecting problematic edits. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_filter" title="Wikipedia:Edit filter">Wikipedia:Edit filter</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:AbuseLog" title="Special:AbuseLog">Special:AbuseLog</a> (Edit filter log): the log generated by the Abuse Filter.</li> <li>Special:AdvancedReviewLog or Special:QualityOversight: listed recent approvals and deprecations of pending revisions. (deprecated in 2022; see <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277883" class="extiw" title="phab:T277883">phab:T277883</a>)</li> <li>Special:ConfiguredPages (deprecated in 2022; see <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277883" class="extiw" title="phab:T277883">phab:T277883</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Log" title="Special:Log">Special:Log</a> (All public logs): combined display of various logs. The type of log, user and page affected can be specified. Parameters "block", "delete", "protect" and "upload" are available. e.g. <a href="/wiki/Special:Log/block" title="Special:Log/block">Special:Log/block</a> displays the block log directly. For more information, see <a href="/wiki/Help:Log" title="Help:Log">Help:Log</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:NewFiles" title="Special:NewFiles">Special:NewFiles</a> (Gallery of new files): gallery of new uploaded files.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:NewPages" title="Special:NewPages">Special:NewPages</a>: newest pages with creation date and time, current size, user who created the page, and first edit summary, in reverse order of creation. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:New_pages_patrol" title="Wikipedia:New pages patrol">Wikipedia:New pages patrol</a>. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:NewPagesFeed" title="Special:NewPagesFeed">Special:NewPagesFeed</a>: for new page patrolling. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_Curation" title="Wikipedia:Page Curation">Wikipedia:Page Curation</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:PendingChanges" title="Special:PendingChanges">Special:PendingChanges</a> or <a href="/wiki/Special:PendingChanges" title="Special:PendingChanges">Special:OldReviewedPages</a> (Articles with edits awaiting review): articles with edits awaiting review. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">Wikipedia:Pending changes</a>.</li> <li>Special:ProblemChanges (Tagged pending changes): tagged pending changes. (deprecated in 2021; see <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277883" class="extiw" title="phab:T277883">phab:T277883</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="Special:RecentChanges">Special:RecentChanges</a>: lists the latest edits in the project. Changes to watched pages appear bold. See <a href="/wiki/Help:Recent_changes" title="Help:Recent changes">Help:Recent changes</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked" title="Special:RecentChangesLinked">Special:RecentChangesLinked</a> (Related changes): enables listing of the most recent changes in pages linked from a selected page, or belonging to a selected category. Changes to watched pages appear bold. The page can be supplied as a parameter, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Lesotho" title="Special:RecentChangesLinked/Lesotho">Special:RecentChangesLinked/Lesotho</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Help:Related_changes" title="Help:Related changes">Help:Related changes</a>.</li> <li>Special:ReviewedPages (deprecated in 2021; see <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277883" class="extiw" title="phab:T277883">phab:T277883</a>)</li> <li>Special:ReviewedVersions (deprecated in 2021; see <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277883" class="extiw" title="phab:T277883">phab:T277883</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RevisionReview" title="Special:RevisionReview">Special:RevisionReview</a></li> <li>Special:Stabilization or Special:Stabilisation (deprecated in 2022; see <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277883" class="extiw" title="phab:T277883">phab:T277883</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Tags" title="Special:Tags">Special:Tags</a>: lists the tags with which edits may be marked. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tags" title="Wikipedia:Tags">Wikipedia:Tags</a>.</li> <li>Special:UnreviewedPages (deprecated in 2022; see <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T277883" class="extiw" title="phab:T277883">phab:T277883</a>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Users" data-mw-thread-id="h-Users-By_function"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Users-By_function"></span>Users<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Users-By_function"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:ActiveUsers" title="Special:ActiveUsers">Special:ActiveUsers</a> (Active users list): lists editors who have performed at least one action in the last 30 days.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:BlockList" title="Special:BlockList">Special:BlockList</a> (Blocked users): blocked IPs and usernames.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions" title="Special:Contributions">Special:Contributions</a> (User contributions): enables listing of a user's contributions, or all new users' contributions. The user can be supplied as a parameter, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Example" title="Special:Contributions/Example">Special:Contributions/Example</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">Help:User contributions</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:EmailUser" title="Special:EmailUser">Special:EmailUser</a>: e.g. <a href="/wiki/Special:EmailUser/Example" title="Special:EmailUser/Example">Special:EmailUser/Example</a>. For emailing users, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">Wikipedia:Emailing users</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ListGroupRights" title="Special:ListGroupRights">Special:ListGroupRights</a> (User group rights): shows the rights assigned to user groups.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ListUsers" title="Special:ListUsers">Special:ListUsers</a> (Users): lists all registered users. Can be filtered by group (e.g. administrators) and other criteria. Note that <a href="/wiki/Special:ListAdmins" title="Special:ListAdmins">Special:ListAdmins</a> redirects to <a href="/wiki/Special:ListUsers/sysop" title="Special:ListUsers/sysop">Special:ListUsers/sysop</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Global_users" data-mw-thread-id="h-Global_users-Users"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Global_users-Users"></span>Global users<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Global_users-Users"></span></h5></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:CentralAuth" title="Special:CentralAuth">Special:CentralAuth</a> (Global account information): global user statistics through the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Unified_login" title="Wikipedia:Unified login">unified login</a> or SUL (single user login). e.g. <a href="/wiki/Special:CentralAuth/Jimbo_Wales" title="Special:CentralAuth/Jimbo Wales">Special:CentralAuth/Jimbo Wales</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:GlobalBlockList" title="Special:GlobalBlockList">Special:GlobalBlockList</a> (List of globally blocked IP addresses): all IP addresses with global blocks.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:GlobalGroupPermissions" title="Special:GlobalGroupPermissions">Special:GlobalGroupPermissions</a> (Global group management): lists the rights associated with global user groups. Also lists the members of global user groups, and allows for management of rights.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:GlobalUsers" title="Special:GlobalUsers">Special:GlobalUsers</a> (Global accounts list): lists users across all Wikimedia wikis, along with global user group membership, and whether their account exists locally on English Wikipedia. Can also be filtered by global user groups.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Personal" data-mw-thread-id="h-Personal-By_function"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Personal-By_function"></span>Personal<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Personal-By_function"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:CentralLogin" title="Special:CentralLogin">Special:CentralLogin</a> (Central user log in)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ChangePassword" title="Special:ChangePassword">Special:ChangePassword</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:ChangeEmail" title="Special:ChangeEmail">Special:ChangeEmail</a> (Change or remove email address), <a href="/wiki/Special:ConfirmEmail" title="Special:ConfirmEmail">Special:ConfirmEmail</a> (Confirm email address) and <a href="/wiki/Special:ResetTokens" title="Special:ResetTokens">Special:ResetTokens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions" title="Special:Contributions">Special:Contributions</a> (User contributions) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="Special:MyContributions">Special:MyContributions</a>: links to your contributions page. See <a href="/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">Help:User contributions</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:EditWatchlist" title="Special:EditWatchlist">Special:EditWatchlist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Special:EditWatchlist/raw" title="Special:EditWatchlist/raw">Special:EditWatchlist/raw</a>: To edit your watchlist.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Homepage" title="Special:Homepage">Special:Homepage</a>, curated suggested edits and impact statistics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MergeAccount" title="Special:MergeAccount">Special:MergeAccount</a> (Login unification status): to create a unified account to log on to any Wikimedia project. See <a href="/wiki/Help:Unified_login" title="Help:Unified login">Help:Unified login</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyPage" title="Special:MyPage">Special:MyPage</a>: links to your <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">user page</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Special:MyTalk">Special:MyTalk</a>: links to your user talk page.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyUploads" title="Special:MyUploads">Special:MyUploads</a> (File list): lists files you have uploaded.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Notifications" title="Special:Notifications">Special:Notifications</a>: links to your <a href="/wiki/Help:Notifications" title="Help:Notifications">notifications</a> page.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences" title="Special:Preferences">Special:Preferences</a>: allows you to view and modify your personal settings. See <a href="/wiki/Help:Preferences" title="Help:Preferences">Help:Preferences</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:TopicSubscriptions" title="Special:TopicSubscriptions">Special:TopicSubscriptions</a>: topics on talk pages you are following.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UserLogin" title="Special:UserLogin">Special:UserLogin</a> (Log in): to log in to Wikipedia. <a href="/wiki/Special:UserLogin/signup" title="Special:UserLogin/signup">Special:UserLogin/signup</a> (Create account) to create an account. See <a href="/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Help:Logging in</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UserLogout" title="Special:UserLogout">Special:UserLogout</a> (Log out): to log out of your account.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Watchlist" title="Special:Watchlist">Special:Watchlist</a>: shows recent changes to the pages you are watching. See <a href="/wiki/Help:Watchlist" title="Help:Watchlist">Help:Watchlist</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maintenance" data-mw-thread-id="h-Maintenance-By_function"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Maintenance-By_function"></span>Maintenance<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Maintenance-By_function"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:BrokenRedirects" title="Special:BrokenRedirects">Special:BrokenRedirects</a>: lists redirects that point a non-existent page. May contain false positives.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:DisambiguationPages" title="Special:DisambiguationPages">Special:DisambiguationPages</a>: lists all the disambiguation pages.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:DisambiguationPageLinks" title="Special:DisambiguationPageLinks">Special:DisambiguationPageLinks</a> (Pages linking to disambiguation pages), which lists all of the pages that link to disambiguation pages. (This is a replacement for the old Special:Disambiguations page which is deprecated.)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:DoubleRedirects" title="Special:DoubleRedirects">Special:DoubleRedirects</a>: lists redirects that redirect to another redirect. May contain false positives.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:FileDuplicateSearch" title="Special:FileDuplicateSearch">Special:FileDuplicateSearch</a>: Check to see if a certain file has a duplicate.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ListDuplicatedFiles" title="Special:ListDuplicatedFiles">Special:ListDuplicatedFiles</a>: See all duplicated files on Wikipedia.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:LongPages" title="Special:LongPages">Special:LongPages</a>: pages in the main namespace, with size in bytes, in order of decreasing size.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MostLinkedFiles" title="Special:MostLinkedFiles">Special:MostLinkedFiles</a> (Most linked-to files): lists images and other files linked from the largest number of pages.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ShortPages" title="Special:ShortPages">Special:ShortPages</a>: pages in the main namespace, with size (of the wikitext excluding that of templates used) in bytes, in order of increasing size.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UncategorizedFiles" title="Special:UncategorizedFiles">Special:UncategorizedFiles</a>: images and other files without category tags (see above).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UncategorizedPages" title="Special:UncategorizedPages">Special:UncategorizedPages</a>: pages without category tags. Note that after adding a tag to a page, refreshing this page does not immediately reflect the change. Note also that <a href="/wiki/Special:UncategorizedCategories" title="Special:UncategorizedCategories">Special:UncategorizedCategories</a> is disabled; use <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Database_reports/Uncategorized_categories" title="Wikipedia:Database reports/Uncategorized categories">Wikipedia:Database reports/Uncategorized categories</a> instead.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UncategorizedTemplates" title="Special:UncategorizedTemplates">Special:UncategorizedTemplates</a>: templates without category tags (see above).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UnusedCategories" title="Special:UnusedCategories">Special:UnusedCategories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UnusedFiles" title="Special:UnusedFiles">Special:UnusedFiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UnusedTemplates" title="Special:UnusedTemplates">Special:UnusedTemplates</a>: templates which are not transcluded (however, they may be used for substitution).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:WantedCategories" title="Special:WantedCategories">Special:WantedCategories</a>: categories with members but no category page.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:WantedFiles" title="Special:WantedFiles">Special:WantedFiles</a>: missing image files and others.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:WithoutInterwiki" title="Special:WithoutInterwiki">Special:WithoutInterwiki</a> (Pages without language links): pages without links to other language Wikipedias.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Miscellaneous" data-mw-thread-id="h-Miscellaneous-By_function"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Miscellaneous-By_function"></span>Miscellaneous<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Miscellaneous-By_function"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:Badtitle" class="new" title="Special:Badtitle (page does not exist)">Special:Badtitle</a>: The error message shown when attempting to access a page with an invalid title or with an incorrectly linked <a href="/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking" title="Help:Interwiki linking">interwiki</a> prefix. See <a class="external free" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%23">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%23</a> (%23 represents the number sign, which is unsupported) and <a class="external free" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/meatball:WikiPedia">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/meatball:WikiPedia</a> (meatball: cannot be directly linked in the URL) for examples. Note that this special page was intentionally and by design a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Red_link" title="Wikipedia:Red link">red link</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:BlankPage" title="Special:BlankPage">Special:BlankPage</a>: a blank page.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources" title="Special:BookSources">Special:BookSources</a>: search sources for a book by inputting the book's <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> number.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Captcha" title="Special:Captcha">Special:Captcha</a> (CAPTCHA help): shows "Captcha" help.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:CiteThisPage" title="Special:CiteThisPage">Special:Cite</a> (Cite This Page): generates bibliographic citations, in several formats, for citing a Wikipedia article as a reference.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ExpandTemplates" title="Special:ExpandTemplates">Special:ExpandTemplates</a>: an extension used to produce expanded wikitext, i.e. templates, parser functions and variables in the input text are expanded recursively. See also <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:ExpandTemplates" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:ExpandTemplates">mw:Extension:ExpandTemplates</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:FilePath" title="Special:FilePath">Special:FilePath</a> (Redirect by file, user, page or revision ID): returns the complete path for a file.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Hieroglyphs" title="Special:Hieroglyphs">Special:Hieroglyphs</a> (Try hieroglyph markup): to try out hieroglyph markup.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Interwiki" title="Special:Interwiki">Special:Interwiki</a> (View interwiki data): view interwiki data.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:LinkSearch" title="Special:LinkSearch">Special:LinkSearch</a> (External links search): for searching for external links. See <a href="/wiki/Help:Linksearch" title="Help:Linksearch">Help:Linksearch</a> and <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Linksearch" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:Linksearch">mw:Help:Linksearch</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MobileOptions" title="Special:MobileOptions">Special:MobileOptions</a> (Settings): change settings for Mobile view.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:PermanentLink/532639569" title="Special:PermanentLink/532639569">Special:Permalink/<i>Oldid</i></a>: for linking to a specific version of a wiki page. See <a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">Help:Permanent link</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Special:Random">Special:Random</a>: a random page.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Redirect" title="Special:Redirect">Special:Redirect</a> (Redirect by file, user, page or revision ID): <a href="/wiki/Special:Redirect/revision/532639569" title="Special:Redirect/revision/532639569">Special:Redirect/revision/532639569</a> is equivalent to <a href="/wiki/Special:PermanentLink/532639569" title="Special:PermanentLink/532639569">Special:Permalink/532639569</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:SecurePoll" title="Special:SecurePoll">Special:SecurePoll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ValidationStatistics" title="Special:ValidationStatistics">Special:ValidationStatistics</a> (Page review statistics): page review statistics for pending changes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:WikiSets" title="Special:WikiSets">Special:WikiSets</a>, shows a list of wiki sets</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Restricted" data-mw-thread-id="h-Restricted-By_function"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Restricted-By_function"></span>Restricted<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Restricted-By_function"></span></h4></div> <p>The following pages can be accessed only by users with certain privileges. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:Block" title="Special:Block">Special:Block</a>: available to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators" title="Wikipedia:Administrators">administrators</a>. Used to block or unblock users, IPs and ranges of IPs.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:CheckUser" title="Special:CheckUser">Special:CheckUser</a>: available to users with the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CheckUser" title="Wikipedia:CheckUser">checkuser</a> privilege.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:DeletedContributions" title="Special:DeletedContributions">Special:DeletedContributions</a>: available to administrators.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Import" title="Special:Import">Special:Import</a>: available to administrators and importers. See <a href="/wiki/Help:Import" title="Help:Import">Help:Import</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:LockDB" title="Special:LockDB">Special:LockDB</a> and <a href="/wiki/Special:UnlockDB" title="Special:UnlockDB">Special:UnlockDB</a>: available only to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Developer" title="Wikipedia:Developer">developers</a>. Used to switch the database between read/write and read-only modes.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MassMessage" title="Special:MassMessage">Special:MassMessage</a>: allows administrators and mass message senders to send a message to a list of users (<a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Extension:MassMessage" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:Extension:MassMessage">help</a>).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Nuke" title="Special:Nuke">Special:Nuke</a>: available to administrators.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Undelete" title="Special:Undelete">Special:Undelete</a>: available to administrators. Provides one way to undelete a page.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UnwatchedPages" title="Special:UnwatchedPages">Special:UnwatchedPages</a>: available to administrators.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UserRights" title="Special:UserRights">Special:UserRights</a>: can be read by anyone, however only administrators can use the page to assign and remove user access rights (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Rollback" title="Wikipedia:Rollback">rollbacker</a> status).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Infrequently_updated" data-mw-thread-id="h-Infrequently_updated-By_function"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Infrequently_updated-By_function"></span>Infrequently updated<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Infrequently_updated-By_function"></span></h4></div> <p>The following special pages are updated on a less regular schedule. Some of these pages may have analogues on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_Cloud_Services" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia Cloud Services">cloud services</a>. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:AncientPages" title="Special:AncientPages">Special:AncientPages</a> (Dormant pages): pages in the main namespace, in order of last edit. See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Database_reports/Forgotten_articles" title="Wikipedia:Database reports/Forgotten articles">Wikipedia:Database reports/Forgotten articles</a>. Updated on the 8th and 22nd of each month.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:DeadendPages" title="Special:DeadendPages">Special:DeadendPages</a>: pages without any outgoing links. Updated on the 9th and 23rd of each month.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:FewestRevisions" title="Special:FewestRevisions">Special:FewestRevisions</a> (Pages with the fewest revisions): lists articles with the fewest revisions. Updated on the 13th and 27th of each month.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:LonelyPages" title="Special:LonelyPages">Special:LonelyPages</a> (Orphaned pages): i.e. articles with no links to them in the wiki. Updated on the 15th of every month.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MostCategories" title="Special:MostCategories">Special:MostCategories</a> (Pages with the most categories): lists articles whose number of categories is largest. Updated on the 16th of every month.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MostLinkedCategories" title="Special:MostLinkedCategories">Special:MostLinkedCategories</a> (Most linked-to categories): lists categories with the most pages. Updated on the 17th of every month.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MostLinkedPages" title="Special:MostLinkedPages">Special:MostLinkedPages</a> (Most linked-to pages): lists pages linked from the largest number of other pages. Updated on the 10th and 24th of each month.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MostRevisions" title="Special:MostRevisions">Special:MostRevisions</a> (Pages with the most revisions): lists articles with the most revisions. Updated on the 11th and 25th of each month.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MostTranscludedPages" title="Special:MostTranscludedPages">Special:MostTranscludedPages</a> or <a href="/wiki/Special:MostTranscludedPages" title="Special:MostTranscludedPages">Special:MostLinkedTemplates</a> (Most transcluded pages): lists templates for which the number of pages in which the template is transcluded is largest, not counting transclusions through redirects. Updated on the 18th of every month.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UncategorizedCategories" title="Special:UncategorizedCategories">Special:UncategorizedCategories</a> Updated on the 19th of every month.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:WantedPages" title="Special:WantedPages">Special:WantedPages</a> Updated on the 12th and 26th of each month.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:WantedTemplates" title="Special:WantedTemplates">Special:WantedTemplates</a> Updated on the 20th of every month.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alphabetical_order" data-mw-thread-id="h-Alphabetical_order-Available_special_pages"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Alphabetical_order-Available_special_pages"></span>Alphabetical order<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Alphabetical_order-Available_special_pages"></span></h3></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="A" data-mw-thread-id="h-A-Alphabetical_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-A-Alphabetical_order"></span>A<span data-mw-comment-end="h-A-Alphabetical_order"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:AbuseFilter" title="Special:AbuseFilter">Special:AbuseFilter</a>, Edit filter management</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:AbuseLog" title="Special:AbuseLog">Special:AbuseLog</a>, Edit filter log</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ActiveUsers" title="Special:ActiveUsers">Special:ActiveUsers</a>, Active users list</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:AllMessages" title="Special:AllMessages">Special:AllMessages</a>, System messages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:AllMyUploads" title="Special:AllMyUploads">Special:AllMyUploads</a>, File list</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:AllPages" title="Special:AllPages">Special:AllPages</a>, All pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:AncientPages" title="Special:AncientPages">Special:AncientPages</a>, Dormant pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ApiFeatureUsage" title="Special:ApiFeatureUsage">Special:ApiFeatureUsage</a>, Deprecated API feature usage</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ApiHelp" title="Special:ApiHelp">Special:ApiHelp</a>, MediaWiki API help</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ApiSandbox" title="Special:ApiSandbox">Special:ApiSandbox</a>, MediaWiki web service API sandbox</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:AutoblockList" title="Special:AutoblockList">Special:AutoblockList</a>, list of active autoblocks</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="B" data-mw-thread-id="h-B-Alphabetical_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-B-Alphabetical_order"></span>B<span data-mw-comment-end="h-B-Alphabetical_order"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:BannerLoader" title="Special:BannerLoader">Special:BannerLoader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:BannerRandom" title="Special:BannerRandom">Special:BannerRandom</a>, 410</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:BetaFeatures" title="Special:BetaFeatures">Special:BetaFeatures</a>, Beta features</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:BlankPage" title="Special:BlankPage">Special:BlankPage</a>, Blank page</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Block" title="Special:Block">Special:Block</a>, Block user</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:BlockList" title="Special:BlockList">Special:BlockList</a>, Blocked users</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Book" title="Special:Book">Special:Book</a>, Manage your book</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources" title="Special:BookSources">Special:BookSources</a>, Book sources given the 10- or 13-digit ISBN number</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:BotPasswords" title="Special:BotPasswords">Special:BotPasswords</a>, Create bot passwords</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:BrokenRedirects" title="Special:BrokenRedirects">Special:BrokenRedirects</a>, Broken redirects</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:WantedPages" title="Special:WantedPages">Special:BrokenLinks</a>, Wanted pages. Redirects to <a href="/wiki/Special:WantedPages" title="Special:WantedPages">Special:WantedPages</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="C" data-mw-thread-id="h-C-Alphabetical_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-C-Alphabetical_order"></span>C<span data-mw-comment-end="h-C-Alphabetical_order"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:Captcha" title="Special:Captcha">Special:Captcha</a>, CAPTCHA help</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Categories" title="Special:Categories">Special:Categories</a>, Categories</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:CategoryTree" title="Special:CategoryTree">Special:CategoryTree</a>, Category tree</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:CentralAuth" title="Special:CentralAuth">Special:CentralAuth</a>, Global account information</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin" title="Special:CentralAutoLogin">Special:CentralAutoLogin</a>, Central login (use by the software); see next</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:CentralLogin" title="Special:CentralLogin">Special:CentralLogin</a>, Central login</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ChangeContentModel" title="Special:ChangeContentModel">Special:ChangeContentModel</a>, Change content model of a page. Available only to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TPE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TPE">template editors</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ADMIN" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:ADMIN">administrators</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ChangeCredentials" title="Special:ChangeCredentials">Special:ChangeCredentials</a>, For changing password</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ChangeEmail" title="Special:ChangeEmail">Special:ChangeEmail</a>, Change or remove email address</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ChangePassword" title="Special:ChangePassword">Special:ChangePassword</a>, For changing password</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:CheckUser" title="Special:CheckUser">Special:CheckUser</a>, Check user. Available only to users with the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CHK" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CHK">CheckUser</a> right.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:CheckUserLog" title="Special:CheckUserLog">Special:CheckUserLog</a>, CheckUser log</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:CiteThisPage" title="Special:CiteThisPage">Special:CiteThisPage</a>, Cite this page</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:CollabPad" title="Special:CollabPad">Special:CollabPad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ComparePages" title="Special:ComparePages">Special:ComparePages</a>, Compare differences between page A and B</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ConfirmEmail" title="Special:ConfirmEmail">Special:ConfirmEmail</a>, Confirm email address</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ContentTranslation" title="Special:ContentTranslation">Special:ContentTranslation</a>, Translate page</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ContentTranslationStats" title="Special:ContentTranslationStats">Special:ContentTranslationStats</a>, Content translation stats</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions" title="Special:Contributions">Special:Contribs</a>, redirects to <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions" title="Special:Contributions">Special:Contributions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions" title="Special:Contributions">Special:Contributions</a>, List contributions of a user</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:CreateAccount" title="Special:CreateAccount">Special:CreateAccount</a>, Create account</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:CreateMassMessageList" title="Special:CreateMassMessageList">Special:CreateMassMessageList</a>, Create mass message delivery list</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="D" data-mw-thread-id="h-D-Alphabetical_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-D-Alphabetical_order"></span>D<span data-mw-comment-end="h-D-Alphabetical_order"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:DeadendPages" title="Special:DeadendPages">Special:DeadendPages</a>, Dead-end pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:DeletedContributions" title="Special:DeletedContributions">Special:DeletedContributions</a>, Deleted user contributions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Diff" title="Special:Diff">Special:Diff</a>, Display the difference between one version and another of a Wikipedia page</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:GlobalBlockWhitelist" title="Special:GlobalBlockWhitelist">Special:DisableGlobalBlock</a>, Local status of global blocks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:DisableOATHForUser" title="Special:DisableOATHForUser">Special:DisableOATHForUser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:DisambiguationPageLinks" title="Special:DisambiguationPageLinks">Special:DisambiguationPageLinks</a>, Pages linking to disambiguation pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:DisambiguationPages" title="Special:DisambiguationPages">Special:DisambiguationPages</a>, Disambiguation pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:DisplayNotificationsConfiguration" title="Special:DisplayNotificationsConfiguration">Special:DisplayNotificationsConfiguration</a>, Display Notifications configuration</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:DoubleRedirects" title="Special:DoubleRedirects">Special:DoubleRedirects</a>, Double redirects</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="E" data-mw-thread-id="h-E-Alphabetical_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-E-Alphabetical_order"></span>E<span data-mw-comment-end="h-E-Alphabetical_order"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage" title="Special:EditPage">Special:Edit</a>, redirects to <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage" title="Special:EditPage">Special:EditPage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:EditMassMessageList" title="Special:EditMassMessageList">Special:EditMassMessageList</a>, Edit mass message delivery list</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage" title="Special:EditPage">Special:EditPage</a>, edit a page</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:EditTags" title="Special:EditTags">Special:EditTags</a>, For edit <a href="/wiki/Special:Tags" title="Special:Tags">tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:EditWatchlist" title="Special:EditWatchlist">Special:EditWatchlist</a>, Edit watchlist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:WikiSets" title="Special:WikiSets">Special:EditWikiSets</a>, Wiki sets</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:EmailUser" title="Special:EmailUser">Special:EmailUser</a>, Email user</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:EntityUsage" title="Special:EntityUsage">Special:EntityUsage</a>, Entity usage</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ExpandTemplates" title="Special:ExpandTemplates">Special:ExpandTemplates</a>, Expand templates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Export" title="Special:Export">Special:Export</a>, Export pages</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="F" data-mw-thread-id="h-F-Alphabetical_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-F-Alphabetical_order"></span>F<span data-mw-comment-end="h-F-Alphabetical_order"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:FeedItem" title="Special:FeedItem">Special:FeedItem</a>, Feed item</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:FewestRevisions" title="Special:FewestRevisions">Special:FewestRevisions</a>, Pages with the fewest revisions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:FileDuplicateSearch" title="Special:FileDuplicateSearch">Special:FileDuplicateSearch</a>, Search for duplicate files</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:FilePath" title="Special:FilePath">Special:FilePath</a>, Redirect to a file</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ListFiles" title="Special:ListFiles">Special:FileList</a>, File list. Redirects to <a href="/wiki/Special:ListFiles" title="Special:ListFiles">Special:ListFiles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="G" data-mw-thread-id="h-G-Alphabetical_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-G-Alphabetical_order"></span>G<span data-mw-comment-end="h-G-Alphabetical_order"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:Gadgets" title="Special:Gadgets">Special:Gadgets</a>, List of Gadgets</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:GadgetUsage" title="Special:GadgetUsage">Special:GadgetUsage</a>, Gadget usage statistics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:GlobalBlock" title="Special:GlobalBlock">Special:GlobalBlock</a>, Globally block IP addresses</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:GlobalBlockList" title="Special:GlobalBlockList">Special:GlobalBlockList</a>, List of globally blocked IP addresses</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:GlobalBlockWhitelist" title="Special:GlobalBlockWhitelist">Special:GlobalBlockWhitelist</a>, Local status of global blocks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:GlobalGroupPermissions" title="Special:GlobalGroupPermissions">Special:GlobalGroupPermissions</a>, Global group management</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:GloballyWantedFiles" title="Special:GloballyWantedFiles">Special:GloballyWantedFiles</a>, Globally wanted files</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:GlobalRenameProgress" title="Special:GlobalRenameProgress">Special:GlobalRenameProgress</a>, Global rename progress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:GlobalRenameQueue" title="Special:GlobalRenameQueue">Special:GlobalRenameQueue</a>, Global rename queue</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:GlobalRenameRequest" title="Special:GlobalRenameRequest">Special:GlobalRenameRequest</a>, Global user account rename request</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:GlobalRenameUser" title="Special:GlobalRenameUser">Special:GlobalRenameUser</a>, Globally rename user account</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:GlobalUnblock" title="Special:GlobalUnblock">Special:GlobalUnblock</a>, Unblock globally blocked IP addresses</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:GlobalUsage" title="Special:GlobalUsage">Special:GlobalUsage</a>, Global file usage</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:GlobalUserRights" title="Special:GlobalUserRights">Special:GlobalUserRights</a>, Membership in global groups</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:GlobalUsers" title="Special:GlobalUsers">Special:GlobalUsers</a>, Global accounts list</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:GoToInterwiki" title="Special:GoToInterwiki">Special:GoToInterwiki</a>, (required value: valid project prefix), Hop into another project. Example: <a href="/wiki/Special:GoToInterwiki/fr:" title="Special:GoToInterwiki/fr:">Special:GoToInterwiki/fr:</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="H" data-mw-thread-id="h-H-Alphabetical_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-H-Alphabetical_order"></span>H<span data-mw-comment-end="h-H-Alphabetical_order"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:HideBanners" title="Special:HideBanners">Special:HideBanners</a>, gives blank page</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Hieroglyphs" title="Special:Hieroglyphs">Special:Hieroglyphs</a>, Try hieroglyph markup</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:History" title="Special:History">Special:History</a>, (required value; valid page name). Page history. <a href="/wiki/Special:History/Wikipedia:Sandbox" title="Special:History/Wikipedia:Sandbox">Special:History/Wikipedia:Sandbox</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="I" data-mw-thread-id="h-I-Alphabetical_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-I-Alphabetical_order"></span>I<span data-mw-comment-end="h-I-Alphabetical_order"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:Impact" title="Special:Impact">Special:Impact</a>, without parameter shows your impact on Wikipedia. Can be used to specify another user with their username followed after the slash symbol.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Import" title="Special:Import">Special:Import</a>, Import pages. Available only to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ADMIN" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:ADMIN">administrators</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Importers" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Importers">importers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Transwiki_importers" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Transwiki importers">transwiki importers</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:PageInfo" title="Special:PageInfo">Special:Info</a>, redirects to <a href="/wiki/Special:PageInfo" title="Special:PageInfo">Special:PageInfo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Interwiki" title="Special:Interwiki">Special:Interwiki</a>, View interwiki data</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:InvalidateEmail" title="Special:InvalidateEmail">Special:InvalidateEmail</a>, invalidate e-mail. Parameter required.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Investigate" title="Special:Investigate">Special:Investigate</a>, same as <a href="/wiki/Special:CheckUser" title="Special:CheckUser">Special:CheckUser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:InvestigateBlock" title="Special:InvestigateBlock">Special:InvestigateBlock</a>, same as <a href="/wiki/Special:CheckUser" title="Special:CheckUser">Special:CheckUser</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="L" data-mw-thread-id="h-L-Alphabetical_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-L-Alphabetical_order"></span>L<span data-mw-comment-end="h-L-Alphabetical_order"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:LinkAccounts" title="Special:LinkAccounts">Special:LinkAccounts</a>, Link accounts</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:LinkSearch" title="Special:LinkSearch">Special:LinkSearch</a>, External links search</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:LintErrors" title="Special:LintErrors">Special:LintErrors</a>, Lint errors (<a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Extension:Linter" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:Extension:Linter">mw:Help:Extension:Linter</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ListAdmins" title="Special:ListAdmins">Special:ListAdmins</a>, redirects to <a href="/wiki/Special:ListUsers/sysop" title="Special:ListUsers/sysop">Special:ListUsers/sysop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ListBots" title="Special:ListBots">Special:ListBots</a>, redirects to <a href="/wiki/Special:ListUsers/bot" title="Special:ListUsers/bot">Special:ListUsers/bot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ListDuplicatedFiles" title="Special:ListDuplicatedFiles">Special:ListDuplicatedFiles</a>, List of files with duplicates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ListGrants" title="Special:ListGrants">Special:ListGrants</a>, Grants</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ListGroupRights" title="Special:ListGroupRights">Special:ListGroupRights</a>, User group rights</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ListRedirects" title="Special:ListRedirects">Special:ListRedirects</a>, Redirects</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ListUsers" title="Special:ListUsers">Special:ListUsers</a>, List of all users</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:LockDB" title="Special:LockDB">Special:LockDB</a>, Lock database (disable write)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Log" title="Special:Log">Special:Log</a>, All public logs</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:LonelyPages" title="Special:LonelyPages">Special:LonelyPages</a>, Orphaned pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:LongPages" title="Special:LongPages">Special:LongPages</a>, Long pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UserLogin" title="Special:UserLogin">Special:Login</a>, redirects to <a href="/wiki/Special:UserLogin" title="Special:UserLogin">Special:UserLogin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UserLogout" title="Special:UserLogout">Special:Logout</a>, redirects to <a href="/wiki/Special:UserLogout" title="Special:UserLogout">Special:UserLogout</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="M" data-mw-thread-id="h-M-Alphabetical_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-M-Alphabetical_order"></span>M<span data-mw-comment-end="h-M-Alphabetical_order"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:Map" title="Special:Map">Special:Map</a>, Coordinates information</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MassMessage" title="Special:MassMessage">Special:MassMessage</a>, Send mass message</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MathShowImage" title="Special:MathShowImage">Special:MathShowImage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MathStatus" title="Special:MathStatus">Special:MathStatus</a>, Math status</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MathWikibase" title="Special:MathWikibase">Special:MathWikibase</a>, information of mathematical items</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MediaStatistics" title="Special:MediaStatistics">Special:MediaStatistics</a>, Media statistics about uploaded file types</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MergeAccount" title="Special:MergeAccount">Special:MergeAccount</a>, Login unification</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MergeHistory" title="Special:MergeHistory">Special:MergeHistory</a>, Merge page histories</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MIMESearch" title="Special:MIMESearch">Special:MIMESearch</a>, MIME search</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MobileDiff" title="Special:MobileDiff">Special:MobileDiff</a>, (required value: valid revision id). Shows diffs as they are shown on mobile web. Cf. <a href="/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/1" title="Special:MobileDiff/1">Special:MobileDiff/1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MobileLanguages" title="Special:MobileLanguages">Special:MobileLanguages</a>, parameter required. Only available on mobile view.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MobileOptions" title="Special:MobileOptions">Special:MobileOptions</a>, Settings for mobile version</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MostCategories" title="Special:MostCategories">Special:MostCategories</a>, Pages with the most categories</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MostGloballyLinkedFiles" title="Special:MostGloballyLinkedFiles">Special:MostGloballyLinkedFiles</a>, Most globally linked files</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MostInterwikis" title="Special:MostInterwikis">Special:MostInterwikis</a>, Pages with the most interwikis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MostLinkedCategories" title="Special:MostLinkedCategories">Special:MostLinkedCategories</a>, Most linked-to categories</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MostLinkedFiles" title="Special:MostLinkedFiles">Special:MostLinkedFiles</a>, Most linked-to files</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MostLinkedPages" title="Special:MostLinkedPages">Special:MostLinkedPages</a>, Most linked-to pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MostRevisions" title="Special:MostRevisions">Special:MostRevisions</a>, Pages with the most revisions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MostTranscludedPages" title="Special:MostTranscludedPages">Special:MostTranscludedPages</a>, Most transcluded pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MovePage" title="Special:MovePage">Special:MovePage</a>, (required value: valid page name). Example <a href="/wiki/Special:MovePage/Main_page" title="Special:MovePage/Main page">Special:MovePage/Main page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MultiLock" title="Special:MultiLock">Special:MultiLock</a>, Lock and Unlock global accounts.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="Special:MyContributions">Special:MyContributions</a>, User contributions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage" title="Special:MyLanguage">Special:MyLanguage</a>, intended for multilingual sites. This special page goes to the page of the name supplied after the slash, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Example" title="Special:MyLanguage/Example">Special:MyLanguage/Example</a> goes to <a href="/wiki/Example" class="mw-disambig" title="Example">Example</a> on this wiki. When an interwiki Page or an invalid page name is entered after the slash, this page redirects to Main page.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyPage" title="Special:MyPage">Special:MyPage</a>, User page for active user, also used for generic link to User/<a href="/wiki/Special:MyPage/sandbox" title="Special:MyPage/sandbox">sandbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Special:MyTalk">Special:MyTalk</a>, Talk page of active user.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyUploads" title="Special:MyUploads">Special:MyUploads</a>, Uploads of active user</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="N" data-mw-thread-id="h-N-Alphabetical_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-N-Alphabetical_order"></span>N<span data-mw-comment-end="h-N-Alphabetical_order"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:NamespaceInfo" title="Special:NamespaceInfo">Special:NamespaceInfo</a>, information about site <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">namespaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Nearby" title="Special:Nearby">Special:Nearby</a>, articles nearby your geographical location</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:NewFiles" title="Special:NewFiles">Special:NewFiles</a>, Gallery of new files</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:NewPages" title="Special:NewPages">Special:NewPages</a>, New pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:NewPagesFeed" title="Special:NewPagesFeed">Special:NewPagesFeed</a>, New pages feed</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Notifications" title="Special:Notifications">Special:Notifications</a>, notifications</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:NotificationsMarkRead" title="Special:NotificationsMarkRead">Special:NotificationsMarkRead</a>, Notification: Mark as read</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Nuke" title="Special:Nuke">Special:Nuke</a>, Mass delete</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="O" data-mw-thread-id="h-O-Alphabetical_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-O-Alphabetical_order"></span>O<span data-mw-comment-end="h-O-Alphabetical_order"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:Manage_Two-factor_authentication" title="Special:Manage Two-factor authentication">Special:OATH</a>, Enable two-factor authentication</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:OAuth" title="Special:OAuth">Special:OAuth</a>, Outside application authorization</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:OAuthListConsumers" title="Special:OAuthListConsumers">Special:OAuthListConsumers</a>, List OAuth applications</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:OAuthManageMyGrants" title="Special:OAuthManageMyGrants">Special:OAuthManageMyGrants</a>, Manage connected applications</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:PendingChanges" title="Special:PendingChanges">Special:OldReviewedPages</a>, Articles with edits awaiting review</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:OrphanedTimedText" title="Special:OrphanedTimedText">Special:OrphanedTimedText</a>, Orphaned TimedText pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:LonelyPages" title="Special:LonelyPages">Special:OrphanedPages</a>, Orphaned pages</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="P" data-mw-thread-id="h-P-Alphabetical_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-P-Alphabetical_order"></span>P<span data-mw-comment-end="h-P-Alphabetical_order"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:PageAssessments" title="Special:PageAssessments">Special:PageAssessments</a>, Page assessments</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:PageHistory" title="Special:PageHistory">Special:PageHistory</a>, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Special:PageHistory/Example" title="Special:PageHistory/Example">Special:PageHistory/Example</a> is the page history for the page <a href="/wiki/Example" class="mw-disambig" title="Example">Example</a>. Redirects to <a href="/wiki/Special:History" title="Special:History">Special:History</a> on mobile view.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:PageInfo" title="Special:PageInfo">Special:PageInfo</a>, information for a page</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:PagesWithBadges" title="Special:PagesWithBadges">Special:PagesWithBadges</a>, Pages with badges (e.g. good article or featured article)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:PasswordReset" title="Special:PasswordReset">Special:PasswordReset</a>, Reset password</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:PendingChanges" title="Special:PendingChanges">Special:PendingChanges</a>, Articles with edits awaiting review</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:PermanentLink" title="Special:PermanentLink">Special:PermanentLink</a>, A link to a specific version of a wiki page</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Preferences" title="Special:Preferences">Special:Preferences</a>, preferences</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex" title="Special:PrefixIndex">Special:PrefixIndex</a>, All pages with prefix</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ProtectedPages" title="Special:ProtectedPages">Special:ProtectedPages</a>, Protected pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ProtectedTitles" title="Special:ProtectedTitles">Special:ProtectedTitles</a>, Protected titles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ProvideSubmittedText" title="Special:ProvideSubmittedText">Special:ProvideSubmittedText</a>, parameter required (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Special:ProvideSubmittedText/Example" title="Special:ProvideSubmittedText/Example">Special:ProvideSubmittedText/Example</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Purge" title="Special:Purge">Special:Purge</a>, refresh a page</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Q" data-mw-thread-id="h-Q-Alphabetical_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Q-Alphabetical_order"></span>Q<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Q-Alphabetical_order"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:PagesWithBadges" title="Special:PagesWithBadges">Special:QueryBadges</a>, redirects to <a href="/wiki/Special:PagesWithBadges" title="Special:PagesWithBadges">Special:PagesWithBadges</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="R" data-mw-thread-id="h-R-Alphabetical_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-R-Alphabetical_order"></span>R<span data-mw-comment-end="h-R-Alphabetical_order"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Special:Random">Special:Random</a>, Random page</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory" title="Special:RandomInCategory">Special:RandomInCategory</a>, Random page in category</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomRedirect" title="Special:RandomRedirect">Special:RandomRedirect</a>, Random redirect</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomRootpage" title="Special:RandomRootpage">Special:RandomRootpage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="Special:RecentChanges">Special:RecentChanges</a>, Recent changes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked" title="Special:RecentChangesLinked">Special:RecentChangesLinked</a>, Related changes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RecordImpression" title="Special:RecordImpression">Special:RecordImpression</a>, blank page</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Redirect" title="Special:Redirect">Special:Redirect</a>, Redirect by file, user, page, revision, or log ID</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RemoveCredentials" title="Special:RemoveCredentials">Special:RemoveCredentials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RenameUser" title="Special:RenameUser">Special:RenameUser</a>, locally rename user. Used extremely rarely and available only to <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Stewards">stewards</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ResetTokens" title="Special:ResetTokens">Special:ResetTokens</a>, Reset tokens which allow access to certain private data associated with your account</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RevisionDelete" title="Special:RevisionDelete">Special:RevisionDelete</a>, used to delete revisions</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RevisionReview" title="Special:RevisionReview">Special:RevisionReview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:RunJobs" title="Special:RunJobs">Special:RunJobs</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="S" data-mw-thread-id="h-S-Alphabetical_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-S-Alphabetical_order"></span>S<span data-mw-comment-end="h-S-Alphabetical_order"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:Search" title="Special:Search">Special:Search</a>, search</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:SecurePoll" title="Special:SecurePoll">Special:SecurePoll</a>, list of polls</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ShortPages" title="Special:ShortPages">Special:ShortPages</a>, Short pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix">Special:SiteMatrix</a>, Lists all Wikimedia wikis</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Special:SpecialPages">Special:SpecialPages</a>, Special pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:StablePages" title="Special:StablePages">Special:StablePages</a>, Pages using Pending Changes protection</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Statistics" title="Special:Statistics">Special:Statistics</a>, statistics</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="T" data-mw-thread-id="h-T-Alphabetical_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-T-Alphabetical_order"></span>T<span data-mw-comment-end="h-T-Alphabetical_order"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:Tags" title="Special:Tags">Special:Tags</a>, Tags that the software may mark an edit or logged action with, and their meaning</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:TemplateSandbox" title="Special:TemplateSandbox">Special:TemplateSandbox</a>, Template sandbox</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Thanks" title="Special:Thanks">Special:Thanks</a>, Send thanks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Transcode_statistics" title="Special:Transcode statistics">Special:TimedMediaHandler</a>, redirects to <a href="/wiki/Special:Transcode_statistics" title="Special:Transcode statistics">Special:Transcode statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:TrackingCategories" title="Special:TrackingCategories">Special:TrackingCategories</a>, Tracking categories which are automatically populated by the MediaWiki software</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Transcode_statistics" title="Special:Transcode statistics">Special:TranscodeStatistics</a>, redirects to <a href="/wiki/Special:Transcode_statistics" title="Special:Transcode statistics">Special:Transcode statistics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Transcode_statistics" title="Special:Transcode statistics">Special:Transcode statistics</a>, gives current transcoding status. Viewable only by autoconfirmed users.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ProvideSubmittedText" title="Special:ProvideSubmittedText">Special:TwoColConflictProvideSubmittedText</a>, redirects to <a href="/wiki/Special:ProvideSubmittedText" title="Special:ProvideSubmittedText">Special:ProvideSubmittedText</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Manage_Two-factor_authentication" title="Special:Manage Two-factor authentication">Special:Two-factor authentication</a>, Enable two-factor authentication</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="U" data-mw-thread-id="h-U-Alphabetical_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-U-Alphabetical_order"></span>U<span data-mw-comment-end="h-U-Alphabetical_order"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:Unblock" title="Special:Unblock">Special:Unblock</a>, Unblock user</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UncategorizedCategories" title="Special:UncategorizedCategories">Special:UncategorizedCategories</a>, Uncategorized categories</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UncategorizedFiles" title="Special:UncategorizedFiles">Special:UncategorizedFiles</a>, Uncategorized files</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UncategorizedPages" title="Special:UncategorizedPages">Special:UncategorizedPages</a>, Uncategorized pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UncategorizedTemplates" title="Special:UncategorizedTemplates">Special:UncategorizedTemplates</a>, Uncategorized templates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UnconnectedPages" title="Special:UnconnectedPages">Special:UnconnectedPages</a>, Pages not connected to data items</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Undelete" title="Special:Undelete">Special:Undelete</a>, Search deleted pages; View and restore deleted pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UnlinkAccounts" title="Special:UnlinkAccounts">Special:UnlinkAccounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UnlockDB" title="Special:UnlockDB">Special:UnlockDB</a>, opposite of <a href="#L">LockDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UnusedCategories" title="Special:UnusedCategories">Special:UnusedCategories</a>, Unused categories</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UnusedFiles" title="Special:UnusedFiles">Special:UnusedFiles</a>, Unused files</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UnusedTemplates" title="Special:UnusedTemplates">Special:UnusedTemplates</a>, Unused templates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Upload" title="Special:Upload">Special:Upload</a>, Upload file</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Uploads" title="Special:Uploads">Special:Uploads</a>, redirects to <a href="/wiki/Special:ListFiles" title="Special:ListFiles">Special:ListFiles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UploadStash" title="Special:UploadStash">Special:UploadStash</a>, Upload stash, files that are uploaded or in the process of uploading</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UrlRedirector" title="Special:UrlRedirector">Special:UrlRedirector</a>, redirects to <a href="/wiki/Special:UrlShortener" title="Special:UrlShortener">Special:UrlShortener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UrlShortener" title="Special:UrlShortener">Special:UrlShortener</a>, URL Shortener. Only available on <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UrlShortener" class="extiw" title="m:Special:UrlShortener">meta.wikimedia.org</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UserLogin" title="Special:UserLogin">Special:UserLogin</a>, log in</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UserLogout" title="Special:UserLogout">Special:UserLogout</a>, log out</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UserRights" title="Special:UserRights">Special:UserRights</a>, User groups management</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ListGroupRights" title="Special:ListGroupRights">Special:UserGroupRights</a>, redirects to <a href="/wiki/Special:ListGroupRights" title="Special:ListGroupRights">Special:ListGroupRights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ListUsers" title="Special:ListUsers">Special:UserList</a>, redirects to <a href="/wiki/Special:ListUsers" title="Special:ListUsers">Special:ListUsers</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="V" data-mw-thread-id="h-V-Alphabetical_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-V-Alphabetical_order"></span>V<span data-mw-comment-end="h-V-Alphabetical_order"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:ValidationStatistics" title="Special:ValidationStatistics">Special:ValidationStatistics</a>, Page review statistics</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Version" title="Special:Version">Special:Version</a>, Version of MediaWiki in use, extensions installed, authors, etc.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:VipsTest" title="Special:VipsTest">Special:VipsTest</a>, VIPS scaling test page</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="W" data-mw-thread-id="h-W-Alphabetical_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-W-Alphabetical_order"></span>W<span data-mw-comment-end="h-W-Alphabetical_order"></span></h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:WantedCategories" title="Special:WantedCategories">Special:WantedCategories</a>, most red-linked categories</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:WantedFiles" title="Special:WantedFiles">Special:WantedFiles</a>, most red-linked images</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:WantedPages" title="Special:WantedPages">Special:WantedPages</a>, most red-linked articles</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:WantedTemplates" title="Special:WantedTemplates">Special:WantedTemplates</a>, most red-linked templates</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:Watchlist" title="Special:Watchlist">Special:Watchlist</a>, watchlist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere" title="Special:WhatLinksHere">Special:WhatLinksHere</a>, What links here</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:WikiSets" title="Special:WikiSets">Special:WikiSets</a>, Wiki sets</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:WithoutInterwiki" title="Special:WithoutInterwiki">Special:WithoutInterwiki</a>, Pages without language links</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix">Special:WikimediaWikis</a>, Wikimedia wikis. Redirects to <a href="/wiki/Special:SiteMatrix" title="Special:SiteMatrix">Special:SiteMatrix</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:UnconnectedPages" title="Special:UnconnectedPages">Special:WithoutConnection</a>, Pages not connected to data items</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Linking_and_transcluding" data-mw-thread-id="h-Linking_and_transcluding"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Linking_and_transcluding"></span>Linking and transcluding<span class="anchor" id="Linking_to_or_listing_special_pages"></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Linking_and_transcluding"></span></h2></div> <p>To create a link to a special page: </p> <ul><li><code>[[Special:PrefixIndex/HMS]]</code> → <a href="/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex/HMS" title="Special:PrefixIndex/HMS">Special:PrefixIndex/HMS</a></li></ul> <p>It can take a label: </p> <ul><li><code>[[Special:PrefixIndex/HMS|All HMSs]]</code> → <a href="/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex/HMS" title="Special:PrefixIndex/HMS">All HMSs</a></li></ul> <p>To present the list on a page, transclude the name: </p> <ul><li><code>{{Special:PrefixIndex/HMS}}</code></li></ul> <p>However, some pages cannot be transcluded and would produce only a wikilink (e.g., <code>{{Special:Random}}</code> → <a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Special:Random">Special:Random</a>). When non-existent pages are linked or transcluded, a red link is produced (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Special:RedLinkExample" class="new" title="Special:RedLinkExample (page does not exist)">Special:RedLinkExample</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>More information on transcludable special pages can be found at <a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion#Special_pages" title="Help:Transclusion">Help:Transclusion#Special pages</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Links_containing_URL_query_strings" data-mw-thread-id="h-Links_containing_URL_query_strings-Linking_and_transcluding"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Links_containing_URL_query_strings-Linking_and_transcluding"></span>Links containing URL query strings<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Links_containing_URL_query_strings-Linking_and_transcluding"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Help:Link#Links_containing_URL_query_strings" title="Help:Link">Help:Link § Links containing URL query strings</a></div> <p>Because the ampersand character (&) is disallowed, it is not possible to create an ordinary link containing <code>&action=edit</code> or <code>&redirect=no</code> in the URL query string. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Special_pages_in_other_languages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Special_pages_in_other_languages"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Special_pages_in_other_languages"></span>Special pages in other languages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Special_pages_in_other_languages"></span></h2></div> <p>The term in the site language equivalent to the English word "Special" and the special page name in English (e.g. "Special:Statistics") is used in each project, for example: </p> <ul><li>"<span title="Spanish-language text"><span lang="es" style="font-style: normal;">Especial:Estadísticas</span></span>" in Spanish</li> <li>"<span title="Dutch-language text"><span lang="nl" style="font-style: normal;">Speciaal:Statistieken</span></span>" in Dutch</li> <li>"<span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;">Spécial:Statistiques</span></span>" in French</li> <li>"<span title="German-language text"><span lang="de" style="font-style: normal;">Spezial:Statistik</span></span>" in German</li></ul> <p>These also appear in the <a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URLs</a>. The English word "Special" and the special page name in English (e.g. "Special:Statistics") always works, even on foreign-language sites, but non-English equivalents don't work on English-language projects, nor on other-language project besides the language edition one is on. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Writing_a_new_special_page" class="extiw" title="mw:Writing a new special page">Writing a new special page</a> on the MediaWiki site</li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Category:Special_page_extensions" class="extiw" title="mw:Category:Special page extensions">Special page extensions</a>: MediaWiki category</li> <li><a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Special_page" class="extiw" title="m:Help:Special page">Help:Special page</a> on Meta</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/MediaWiki:Nospecialpagetext" title="MediaWiki:Nospecialpagetext">MediaWiki:Nospecialpagetext</a> is the message displayed for non-existent special pages. However, <a href="/wiki/Special:Badtitle" class="new" title="Special:Badtitle (page does not exist)">Special:Badtitle</a> is peculiar as it has actual viewable content but is a red link, which is because this special page was intentionally and by design to be considered non-existent (unlike all other valid page names.) See <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T262959" class="extiw" title="phab:T262959">phab:T262959</a> for more details.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="References" data-mw-thread-id="h-References"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References"></span>References<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References"></span></h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_Signpost/Newsroom/Suggestions/Archive_18#Volunteer-initiated_extension_to_be_deployed_to_Wikimedia_sites" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/Newsroom/Suggestions/Archive 18">Wikipedia:Wikipedia Signpost/Newsroom/Suggestions/Archive 18#Volunteer-initiated extension to be deployed to Wikimedia sites</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/puppet/+/0c69e0e8cdcdf4cf25a29aebe9ae87eb2eabf700/modules/profile/manifests/mediawiki/maintenance/updatequerypages/ancientpages.pp">https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/puppet/+/0c69e0e8cdcdf4cf25a29aebe9ae87eb2eabf700/modules/profile/manifests/mediawiki/maintenance/updatequerypages/ancientpages.pp</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/puppet/+/0c69e0e8cdcdf4cf25a29aebe9ae87eb2eabf700/modules/profile/manifests/mediawiki/maintenance/updatequerypages/deadendpages.pp">https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/puppet/+/0c69e0e8cdcdf4cf25a29aebe9ae87eb2eabf700/modules/profile/manifests/mediawiki/maintenance/updatequerypages/deadendpages.pp</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/puppet/+/0c69e0e8cdcdf4cf25a29aebe9ae87eb2eabf700/modules/profile/manifests/mediawiki/maintenance/updatequerypages/fewestrevisions.pp">https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/puppet/+/0c69e0e8cdcdf4cf25a29aebe9ae87eb2eabf700/modules/profile/manifests/mediawiki/maintenance/updatequerypages/fewestrevisions.pp</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/puppet/+/0c69e0e8cdcdf4cf25a29aebe9ae87eb2eabf700/modules/profile/manifests/mediawiki/maintenance/updatequerypages/enwiki/cronjob.pp#4">https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/puppet/+/0c69e0e8cdcdf4cf25a29aebe9ae87eb2eabf700/modules/profile/manifests/mediawiki/maintenance/updatequerypages/enwiki/cronjob.pp#4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/puppet/+/0c69e0e8cdcdf4cf25a29aebe9ae87eb2eabf700/modules/profile/manifests/mediawiki/maintenance/updatequerypages/enwiki/cronjob.pp#9">https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/puppet/+/0c69e0e8cdcdf4cf25a29aebe9ae87eb2eabf700/modules/profile/manifests/mediawiki/maintenance/updatequerypages/enwiki/cronjob.pp#9</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/puppet/+/0c69e0e8cdcdf4cf25a29aebe9ae87eb2eabf700/modules/profile/manifests/mediawiki/maintenance/updatequerypages/enwiki/cronjob.pp#14">https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/puppet/+/0c69e0e8cdcdf4cf25a29aebe9ae87eb2eabf700/modules/profile/manifests/mediawiki/maintenance/updatequerypages/enwiki/cronjob.pp#14</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/puppet/+/0c69e0e8cdcdf4cf25a29aebe9ae87eb2eabf700/modules/profile/manifests/mediawiki/maintenance/updatequerypages/mostlinked.pp">https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/puppet/+/0c69e0e8cdcdf4cf25a29aebe9ae87eb2eabf700/modules/profile/manifests/mediawiki/maintenance/updatequerypages/mostlinked.pp</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/puppet/+/0c69e0e8cdcdf4cf25a29aebe9ae87eb2eabf700/modules/profile/manifests/mediawiki/maintenance/updatequerypages/mostrevisions.pp">https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/puppet/+/0c69e0e8cdcdf4cf25a29aebe9ae87eb2eabf700/modules/profile/manifests/mediawiki/maintenance/updatequerypages/mostrevisions.pp</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/puppet/+/0c69e0e8cdcdf4cf25a29aebe9ae87eb2eabf700/modules/profile/manifests/mediawiki/maintenance/updatequerypages/enwiki/cronjob.pp#19">https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/puppet/+/0c69e0e8cdcdf4cf25a29aebe9ae87eb2eabf700/modules/profile/manifests/mediawiki/maintenance/updatequerypages/enwiki/cronjob.pp#19</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/puppet/+/0c69e0e8cdcdf4cf25a29aebe9ae87eb2eabf700/modules/profile/manifests/mediawiki/maintenance/updatequerypages/enwiki/cronjob.pp#24">https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/puppet/+/0c69e0e8cdcdf4cf25a29aebe9ae87eb2eabf700/modules/profile/manifests/mediawiki/maintenance/updatequerypages/enwiki/cronjob.pp#24</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/puppet/+/0c69e0e8cdcdf4cf25a29aebe9ae87eb2eabf700/modules/profile/manifests/mediawiki/maintenance/updatequerypages/wantedpages.pp">https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/puppet/+/0c69e0e8cdcdf4cf25a29aebe9ae87eb2eabf700/modules/profile/manifests/mediawiki/maintenance/updatequerypages/wantedpages.pp</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a class="external free" href="https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/puppet/+/0c69e0e8cdcdf4cf25a29aebe9ae87eb2eabf700/modules/profile/manifests/mediawiki/maintenance/updatequerypages/enwiki/cronjob.pp#29">https://gerrit.wikimedia.org/r/plugins/gitiles/operations/puppet/+/0c69e0e8cdcdf4cf25a29aebe9ae87eb2eabf700/modules/profile/manifests/mediawiki/maintenance/updatequerypages/enwiki/cronjob.pp#29</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="External_links" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_links"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-External_links"></span>External links<span data-mw-comment-end="h-External_links"></span></h2></div> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://doc.wikimedia.org/mediawiki-core/master/php/html/classSpecialPage.html">MediaWiki special page class definitions</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_technical_help" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Template:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Template talk:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_technical_help" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_technical_help" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Directory#Technical_help" title="Help:Directory">Wikipedia technical help</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div><b>Get personal technical help at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">the Teahouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">help desk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)">village pump (technical)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_talk_pages/1" title="Help:Introduction to talk pages/1">talk pages</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a>.</b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical">General<br/>technical help</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Browser_notes" title="Wikipedia:Browser notes">Browser notes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bypass_your_cache" title="Wikipedia:Bypass your cache">Bypass cache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Keyboard_shortcuts" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Keyboard shortcuts">Keyboard shortcuts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Editing" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:CharInsert" title="Help:CharInsert">CharInsert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict" title="Help:Edit conflict">Edit conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar" title="Help:Edit toolbar">Edit toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reverting" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_a_page" title="Wikipedia:How to create a page">How to create a page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">Tutorial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support" title="Help:Multilingual support">Multilingual support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">Page history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_information" title="Help:Page information">Page information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name" title="Wikipedia:Page name">Page name</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Page_name" title="Help:Page name">Help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Printing" title="Help:Printing">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Software_notices" title="Wikipedia:Software notices">Software notices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Editnotice" title="Wikipedia:Editnotice">Editnotice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Special_characters" title="Help:Special characters">Special Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Entering_special_characters" title="Help:Entering special characters">Entering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_access_levels" title="Wikipedia:User access levels">User access levels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:VisualEditor" title="Help:VisualEditor">Help</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="Special:SpecialPages">Special<br/>page</a>-related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Special page help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:AllPages" title="Help:AllPages">AllPages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_filter" title="Wikipedia:Edit filter">Edit filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">Emailing users</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Logging_in" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Reset_password" title="Help:Reset password">Reset passwords</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Log" title="Help:Log">Logs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_a_page" title="Wikipedia:Moving a page">Moving a page</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:History_merging" title="Wikipedia:History merging">History merging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:When_to_place_technical_requests_in_%22Administrator_needed%22" title="Help:When to place technical requests in "Administrator needed"">Non-admin and admin-only page moves</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Notifications" title="Help:Notifications">Notifications/Echo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Notifications/FAQ" title="Help:Notifications/FAQ">FAQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_Curation/Help" title="Wikipedia:Page Curation/Help">Page Curation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Import" title="Help:Import">Page import</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">Pending changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Random" title="Wikipedia:Random">Random pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Recent_changes" title="Help:Recent changes">Recent changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Related_changes" title="Help:Related changes">Related changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Searching" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Linksearch" title="Help:Linksearch">Linksearch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tags" title="Wikipedia:Tags">Tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_contributions" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Watchlist" title="Help:Watchlist">Watchlist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:What_links_here" title="Help:What links here">What links here</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Wikitext" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Columns" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Line-break_handling" title="Help:Line-break handling">Line-break handling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:List" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Magic_words_for_beginners" title="Help:Magic words for beginners">For beginners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Conditional_expressions" title="Help:Conditional expressions">Conditional expressions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Switch_parser_function" title="Help:Switch parser function">Switch parser function</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Time_function" title="Help:Time function">Time function</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Redirect" title="Help:Redirect">Redirects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Section" title="Help:Section">Sections and TOCs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Table" title="Help:Table">Tables</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_tables_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to tables with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Basic_table_markup" title="Help:Basic table markup">Basics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Advanced_table_formatting" title="Help:Advanced table formatting">Advanced table formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Collapsing" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Collapsing">Collapsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Conditional_tables" title="Help:Conditional tables">Conditional tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sortable_tables" title="Help:Sortable tables">Sortable tables</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Using_colours" title="Help:Using colours">Using colours</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a> and <a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">diffs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">Links</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Interlanguage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking" title="Help:Interwiki linking">Interwiki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Permanent_link" title="Help:Permanent link">Permanent</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Diff" title="Help:Diff">Diffs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplest_diff_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simplest diff guide">Simplest diff guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Simple diff and link guide">Simple diff and link guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide" title="Wikipedia:Complete diff and link guide">Complete diff and link guide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Colon_trick" title="Help:Colon trick">Colon trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Link_color" title="Help:Link color">Link color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pipe_trick" title="Help:Pipe trick">Pipe trick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:URL" title="Help:URL">URLs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media" class="mw-disambig" title="Wikipedia:Media">Media</a> files: images,<br/>videos and sounds</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">Media help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Files</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files" title="Help:Creation and usage of media files">Creation and usage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_files_to_Commons" title="Wikipedia:Moving files to Commons">Moving files to Commons</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Images" title="Wikipedia:Images">Images</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_images_with_Wiki_Markup/1" title="Help:Introduction to images with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction to images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Pictures" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Preparing_images_for_upload" title="Wikipedia:Preparing images for upload">Preparing images for upload</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uploading_images" title="Wikipedia:Uploading images">Uploading images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Options_to_hide_an_image" title="Help:Options to hide an image">Options to hide an image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax" title="Wikipedia:Extended image syntax">Extended image syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SVG_help" title="Wikipedia:SVG help">SVG help</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Gallery_tag" title="Help:Gallery tag">Gallery tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_bitmap_image_editing" title="Wikipedia:Basic bitmap image editing">Basic bitmap image editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_improve_image_quality" title="Wikipedia:How to improve image quality">How to improve image quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_Lab/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Graphics Lab/Resources">Graphics Lab resources</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sound file markup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual file markup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Other graphics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Family_trees" title="Help:Family trees">Family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphs_and_charts" title="Wikipedia:Graphs and charts">Graphs and charts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles" title="Wikipedia:How to create charts for Wikipedia articles">How to create</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Barchart" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:To_scale_charts" title="Wikipedia:To scale charts">To scale charts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math formulas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula#Use_of_HTML_templates" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Score" title="Help:Score">Musical scores</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols" title="Help:Musical symbols">Musical symbols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Timeline" title="Wikipedia:Timeline">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:EasyTimeline_syntax" title="Help:EasyTimeline syntax">EasyTimeline syntax</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:WikiHiero_syntax" title="Help:WikiHiero syntax">WikiHiero syntax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Templates</a> and<br/><a href="/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua</a> modules</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template" title="Help:Template">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Advanced_template_coding" title="Wikipedia:Advanced template coding">Advanced template coding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">Template documentation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index" title="Wikipedia:Template index">Template index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Template_limits" title="Help:Template limits">Template limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_sandbox_and_test_cases" title="Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases">Template sandbox and test cases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Lua" title="Help:Lua">Lua help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Lua project</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/Resources" title="Wikipedia:Lua/Resources">Resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/To_do" title="Wikipedia:Lua/To do">To do</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Substitution" title="Help:Substitution">Substitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Purge" title="Help:Purge">Purge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Job_queue" title="Help:Job queue">Job queue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">Transclusion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Labeled_section_transclusion" title="Help:Labeled section transclusion">Labeled section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion_costs_and_benefits" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion costs and benefits">Costs and benefits</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling" title="Wikipedia:Guide to Scribbling">Guide to Scribbling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration#Data_structure_and_development" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Data structure</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Namespaces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F" title="Wikipedia:What is an article?">Main/Article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Drafts" title="Wikipedia:Drafts">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">File</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:File_description_page" title="Help:File description page">File description page</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Help namespace">Help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Project/Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Talk_pages" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">Archiving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Archiving_(plain_and_simple)" title="Help:Archiving (plain and simple)">Simple</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_page_design_guide" title="Wikipedia:User page design guide">User page design</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:MediaWiki_namespace" title="Help:MediaWiki namespace">MediaWiki</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bug_reports_and_feature_requests" title="Wikipedia:Bug reports and feature requests">Bug reports and feature requests</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:TimedMediaHandler" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:TimedMediaHandler">TimedMediaHandler extension</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Module</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Special</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> and <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Cascading_Style_Sheets" title="Help:Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML in wikitext</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Catalogue_of_CSS_classes" title="Wikipedia:Catalogue of CSS classes">Catalogue of CSS classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Common.js_and_common.css" title="Wikipedia:Common.js and common.css">Common.js and common.css</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Mxt/User_CSS_for_a_monospaced_coding_font" title="Template:Mxt/User CSS for a monospaced coding font">User CSS for monospaced coding font</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Microformats/classes" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats/classes">Classes in microformats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Markup_validation" title="Help:Markup validation">Markup validation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Span_tags" title="Wikipedia:Span tags">Span tags</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Useful_styles" title="Help:Useful styles">Useful styles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customisation" title="Wikipedia:Customisation">Customisation</a><br/>and tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Preferences" title="Help:Preferences">Preferences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gadget" title="Wikipedia:Gadget">Gadgets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Skin" title="Wikipedia:Skin">Skins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Citation_tools" title="Help:Citation tools">Citation tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleaning_up_vandalism/Tools" title="Wikipedia:Cleaning up vandalism/Tools">Cleaning up vandalism tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Customizing_watchlists" title="Wikipedia:Customizing watchlists">Customizing watchlists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Hide_Pages_in_Watchlist" title="Help:Hide Pages in Watchlist">Hide pages</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Scripts" title="Wikipedia:Scripts">IRC Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts" title="Wikipedia:User scripts">User scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Guide" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Guide">Guide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/List" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/List">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Techniques" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Techniques">Techniques</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:User_style" title="Help:User style">User style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative_browsing" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative browsing">Alternative browsing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Browser_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Browser tools">Browser tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Editing_tools" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Editing tools">Editing tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_shortcuts" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation shortcuts">Navigation shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum_tool_set" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum tool set">Optimum tool set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_Cloud_Services" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia Cloud Services">Wikimedia Cloud Services</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Beta_Features" class="extiw" title="mw:Beta Features">Beta Features at MediaWiki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Automated editing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Helper_script" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Articles for creation/Helper script">AfC helper script</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AntiVandal" title="Wikipedia:AntiVandal">AntiVandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser" title="Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser">AutoWikiBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bots" title="Wikipedia:Bots">Bots</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Creating_a_bot" title="Help:Creating a bot">Creating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:History_of_Wikipedia_bots" title="Wikipedia:History of Wikipedia bots">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:HotCat" title="Wikipedia:HotCat">HotCat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Huggle" title="Wikipedia:Huggle">Huggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_popups" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation popups">Navigation popups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:RedWarn" title="Wikipedia:RedWarn">RedWarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Twinkle" title="Wikipedia:Twinkle">Twinkle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ultraviolet" title="Wikipedia:Ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WPCleaner" title="Wikipedia:WPCleaner">WPCleaner</a></li> <li>Inactive <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Igloo" title="Wikipedia:Igloo">igloo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:STiki" title="Wikipedia:STiki">STiki</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li>See also: <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">Category:Wikipedia how-to</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">Category:Wikipedia information pages</a></b><br/>Further navigation at: <a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages" title="Template:Wikipedia help pages">Help pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrators%27_guide" title="Template:Administrators' guide">Administrators</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Accessibility/Navigation_menu" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Accessibility/Navigation menu">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_accounts" title="Template:Wikipedia accounts">Accounts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Botnav" title="Template:Botnav">Bots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_referencing" title="Template:Wikipedia referencing">Referencing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Citation_metadata_navbox" title="Template:Citation metadata navbox">Citation metadata</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_templates" title="Template:Wikipedia templates">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Navbox" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Navbox">User scripts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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