CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" data-critters-container><head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>BAHAMAS: An Introduction to Offshore: Trusts Law | Chambers and Partners</title> <base href="/"> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://assets.chambers.com/favicon/apple-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="https://assets.chambers.com/favicon/apple-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://assets.chambers.com/favicon/apple-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="https://assets.chambers.com/favicon/apple-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://assets.chambers.com/favicon/apple-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://assets.chambers.com/favicon/apple-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://assets.chambers.com/favicon/apple-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://assets.chambers.com/favicon/apple-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="https://assets.chambers.com/favicon/apple-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://assets.chambers.com/favicon/android-icon-192x192.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://assets.chambers.com/favicon/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="96x96" href="https://assets.chambers.com/favicon/favicon-96x96.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://assets.chambers.com/favicon/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="manifest" href="https://assets.chambers.com/favicon/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#eeeeee"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://assets.chambers.com/favicon/ms-icon-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eeeeee"> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://assets.chambers.com/favicon/favicon.ico">  <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn.cookielaw.org" as="script"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com" as="script"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.googleoptimize.com" as="script"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.google-analytics.com" as="script"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://static.hotjar.com" as="script"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://rum-static.pingdom.net" as="script"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://snap.licdn.com/" as="script"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://assets.chambers.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://assets-cdn.chambers.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://media.chambers.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://connect.facebook.net" as="script"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.facebook.com" as="script">  <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin> <style>@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:italic;font-weight:100;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwTs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNDTJPax9k0.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103, U+0110-0111, U+0128-0129, U+0168-0169, U+01A0-01A1, U+01AF-01B0, U+0300-0301, U+0303-0304, U+0308-0309, U+0323, U+0329, U+1EA0-1EF9, U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:italic;font-weight:100;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwTs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNDTJLax9k0.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:italic;font-weight:100;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwTs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNDTJzaxw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:italic;font-weight:200;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwTs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNDTJPax9k0.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103, U+0110-0111, U+0128-0129, U+0168-0169, U+01A0-01A1, U+01AF-01B0, U+0300-0301, U+0303-0304, U+0308-0309, U+0323, U+0329, U+1EA0-1EF9, U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:italic;font-weight:200;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwTs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNDTJLax9k0.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:italic;font-weight:200;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwTs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNDTJzaxw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:italic;font-weight:300;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwTs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNDTJPax9k0.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103, U+0110-0111, U+0128-0129, U+0168-0169, U+01A0-01A1, U+01AF-01B0, U+0300-0301, U+0303-0304, U+0308-0309, U+0323, U+0329, U+1EA0-1EF9, U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:italic;font-weight:300;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwTs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNDTJLax9k0.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:italic;font-weight:300;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwTs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNDTJzaxw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwTs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNDTJPax9k0.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103, U+0110-0111, U+0128-0129, U+0168-0169, U+01A0-01A1, U+01AF-01B0, U+0300-0301, U+0303-0304, U+0308-0309, U+0323, U+0329, U+1EA0-1EF9, U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwTs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNDTJLax9k0.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:italic;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwTs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNDTJzaxw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:italic;font-weight:500;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwTs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNDTJPax9k0.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103, U+0110-0111, U+0128-0129, U+0168-0169, U+01A0-01A1, U+01AF-01B0, U+0300-0301, U+0303-0304, U+0308-0309, U+0323, U+0329, U+1EA0-1EF9, U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:italic;font-weight:500;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwTs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNDTJLax9k0.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:italic;font-weight:500;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwTs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNDTJzaxw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:italic;font-weight:600;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwTs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNDTJPax9k0.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103, U+0110-0111, U+0128-0129, U+0168-0169, U+01A0-01A1, U+01AF-01B0, U+0300-0301, U+0303-0304, U+0308-0309, U+0323, U+0329, U+1EA0-1EF9, U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:italic;font-weight:600;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwTs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNDTJLax9k0.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:italic;font-weight:600;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwTs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNDTJzaxw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:italic;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwTs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNDTJPax9k0.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103, U+0110-0111, U+0128-0129, U+0168-0169, U+01A0-01A1, U+01AF-01B0, U+0300-0301, U+0303-0304, U+0308-0309, U+0323, U+0329, U+1EA0-1EF9, U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:italic;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwTs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNDTJLax9k0.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:italic;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwTs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNDTJzaxw.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:100;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwRs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNJfJ7Cww.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103, U+0110-0111, U+0128-0129, U+0168-0169, U+01A0-01A1, U+01AF-01B0, U+0300-0301, U+0303-0304, U+0308-0309, U+0323, U+0329, U+1EA0-1EF9, U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:100;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwRs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNIfJ7Cww.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:100;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwRs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNGfJ4.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:200;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwRs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNJfJ7Cww.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103, U+0110-0111, U+0128-0129, U+0168-0169, U+01A0-01A1, U+01AF-01B0, U+0300-0301, U+0303-0304, U+0308-0309, U+0323, U+0329, U+1EA0-1EF9, U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:200;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwRs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNIfJ7Cww.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:200;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwRs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNGfJ4.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:300;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwRs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNJfJ7Cww.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103, U+0110-0111, U+0128-0129, U+0168-0169, U+01A0-01A1, U+01AF-01B0, U+0300-0301, U+0303-0304, U+0308-0309, U+0323, U+0329, U+1EA0-1EF9, U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:300;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwRs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNIfJ7Cww.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:300;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwRs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNGfJ4.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwRs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNJfJ7Cww.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103, U+0110-0111, U+0128-0129, U+0168-0169, U+01A0-01A1, U+01AF-01B0, U+0300-0301, U+0303-0304, U+0308-0309, U+0323, U+0329, U+1EA0-1EF9, U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwRs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNIfJ7Cww.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwRs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNGfJ4.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwRs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNJfJ7Cww.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103, U+0110-0111, U+0128-0129, U+0168-0169, U+01A0-01A1, U+01AF-01B0, U+0300-0301, U+0303-0304, U+0308-0309, U+0323, U+0329, U+1EA0-1EF9, U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwRs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNIfJ7Cww.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:500;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwRs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNGfJ4.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwRs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNJfJ7Cww.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103, U+0110-0111, U+0128-0129, U+0168-0169, U+01A0-01A1, U+01AF-01B0, U+0300-0301, U+0303-0304, U+0308-0309, U+0323, U+0329, U+1EA0-1EF9, U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwRs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNIfJ7Cww.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwRs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNGfJ4.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwRs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNJfJ7Cww.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0102-0103, U+0110-0111, U+0128-0129, U+0168-0169, U+01A0-01A1, U+01AF-01B0, U+0300-0301, U+0303-0304, U+0308-0309, U+0323, U+0329, U+1EA0-1EF9, U+20AB;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwRs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNIfJ7Cww.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0100-02BA, U+02BD-02C5, U+02C7-02CC, U+02CE-02D7, U+02DD-02FF, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+1D00-1DBF, U+1E00-1E9F, U+1EF2-1EFF, U+2020, U+20A0-20AB, U+20AD-20C0, U+2113, U+2C60-2C7F, U+A720-A7FF;}@font-face{font-family:'Public Sans';font-style:normal;font-weight:700;font-display:swap;src:url(https://fonts.gstatic.com/s/publicsans/v18/ijwRs572Xtc6ZYQws9YVwnNGfJ4.woff2) format('woff2');unicode-range:U+0000-00FF, U+0131, U+0152-0153, U+02BB-02BC, U+02C6, U+02DA, U+02DC, U+0304, U+0308, U+0329, U+2000-206F, U+20AC, U+2122, U+2191, U+2193, U+2212, U+2215, U+FEFF, U+FFFD;}</style> <script type="text/javascript" id="onetrust-cookie" src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" charset="UTF-8" data-domain-script="0c10f995-218e-4002-9c31-811c6b0bd4c0"></script><script type="text/javascript" id="onetrust-cookie-wrapper">function OptanonWrapper() { }</script><script type="text/javascript"> window.addEventListener('load', () => { if (!window.CHAMBERS_APP?.loaded) { console.error('The main script is not loaded'); window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.dataLayer.push({ event: 'script_load_error', scriptErrorDetails: { description: 'The main script is not loaded', location: window.location.href, }, }); } }); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://static.chambers.com/styles.f97ef508d53901e5.css"><script type="text/javascript" id="gtm-head-id" defer> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl+ '&gtm_auth=rTCU7ItdyW9Qz7Zufb2RbQ&gtm_preview=env-3&gtm_cookies_win=x';f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-55L6J3Q'); </script><style ng-app-id="serverApp">:root{--cmb-header-nav-backdrop-z-index: 1029;--cmb-header-nav-skip-link-z-index: 3000;--cmb-header-nav-height: 4.25rem;--cmb-top-decoration-height: .75rem}.top-level-link[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1659727730]{position:relative}@media (min-width: 992px){.top-level-link[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1659727730]:after{content:"";position:absolute;left:50%;bottom:.25rem;width:0;height:2px;background-color:var(--bs-dark);transition:width .2s ease-in-out,left .2s ease-in-out}.top-level-link[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1659727730]:hover:after, .top-level-link.active[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1659727730]:after{width:calc(100% - 1rem);left:.5rem}}.top-level-link.active[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1659727730] .chevron[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1659727730]{transform:rotate(180deg)}@media (max-width: 991.98px){.nav-menu-panel[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1659727730]{overflow:auto;height:calc(100dvh - var(--cmb-header-nav-height))}}@media (min-width: 992px){.nav-menu-section[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1659727730]{position:absolute;left:0;top:100%;width:100%;max-height:calc(100dvh - var(--cmb-header-nav-height));overflow:auto}}.nav-backdrop[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1659727730]{z-index:var(--cmb-header-nav-backdrop-z-index)}.top-decoration[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1659727730]:before{content:"";width:100%;height:var(--cmb-top-decoration-height);background-color:var(--bs-primary)}.navbar[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1659727730], .cmb-brand[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1659727730]{padding-top:calc(var(--bs-navbar-padding-y) + var(--cmb-top-decoration-height))}@media (max-width: 991.98px){.outer-container[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1659727730]{padding:0}}@media (min-width: 992px){.inner-container[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1659727730]{width:auto;max-width:none;margin:0;padding:0}}.skip-link[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1659727730]{position:fixed;top:0;left:-10000px;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;z-index:var(--cmb-header-nav-skip-link-z-index)}.skip-link[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1659727730]:focus{left:0;width:100%;height:var(--cmb-header-nav-height);box-shadow:inset var(--bs-btn-focus-box-shadow)}</style><style ng-app-id="serverApp">[_nghost-serverApp-c109736121]{display:inline-block}</style><meta property="og:image" content="https://assets.chambers.com/logo/chambers_blue.svg"><style ng-app-id="serverApp">.cmb-nav-list[_ngcontent-serverApp-c681896303]{--cmb-nav-list-columns: 1}@media (min-width: 992px){.cmb-nav-list.multi-column[_ngcontent-serverApp-c681896303]{columns:var(--cmb-nav-list-columns);column-gap:.5rem}.cmb-nav-list.multi-column[_ngcontent-serverApp-c681896303] .cmb-nav-list-item[_ngcontent-serverApp-c681896303]{break-inside:avoid-column}.cmb-nav-list.multi-column[_ngcontent-serverApp-c681896303] .cmb-nav-list-item.column-break[_ngcontent-serverApp-c681896303]{break-after:column}}.link-overview[_ngcontent-serverApp-c681896303] p{margin-bottom:0}.link-overview[_ngcontent-serverApp-c681896303] ul{padding-left:0;list-style-type:disc;list-style-position:inside}</style><style ng-app-id="serverApp">.cmb-nav-link[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1047994611]{overflow-wrap:anywhere}.cmb-nav-link[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1047994611]:hover{border-color:var(--bs-primary);background-color:var(--bs-chambers-blue-100)}</style><style ng-app-id="serverApp">.content-item[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272] .logo-img[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272]{width:100%;max-width:100%;height:auto}.contributors[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272]{border:1px solid #dfdfdf}@media (min-width: 992px){.contributors[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272]{border-top:0;border-right:0;border-bottom:0}.contributors[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272] a[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272]{border-bottom:1px solid #dfdfdf}}.contributors[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272] .logo[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272]{height:64px;width:64px;overflow:hidden}.contributors[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272] .logo[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272] .no-logo-img[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272], .contributors[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272] .logo[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272] .logo-img[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272]{max-width:100%;width:100%;height:auto}.contributors[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272] .logo[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272] .no-logo-img[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272]{opacity:.25}.contributors[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272] .logo[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272] .no-logo-span[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272]{line-height:1.8rem;font-size:2rem;opacity:.8}.contributors[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272] .logo-initials[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272]{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:1rem;border:1px solid gray}.share-buttons[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272]{border:1px solid #dfdfdf;border-radius:.3rem}@media (max-width: 991.98px){.share-buttons[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272]{border-width:0px}}.facebook-icon[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272]{color:#3b5998}.x-icon[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272]{color:var(--cmb-x-black)}.linkedin-icon[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272]{color:#007bb5}.wechat-icon[_ngcontent-serverApp-c1587876272]{color:var(--cmb-wechat-green)}</style><style ng-app-id="serverApp">[_nghost-serverApp-c1587876272]{display:block;background-color:#fff;padding-bottom:3rem!important}</style><meta property="og:title" content="BAHAMAS: An Introduction to Offshore: Trusts Law | Chambers and Partners"><meta name="description" content="BAHAMAS: An Introduction to Offshore: Trusts gives an overview of this area of law, provided by Lennox Paton. Find out more on Chambers and Partners."><meta property="og:description" content="BAHAMAS: An Introduction to Offshore: Trusts gives an overview of this area of law, provided by Lennox Paton. Find out more on Chambers and Partners."><link rel="canonical" href="https://chambers.com/content/item/5826"></head> <body> <app-root ng-version="17.3.10" ng-server-context="ssr"><cmb-header-nav maincontentid="main" _nghost-serverapp-c1659727730><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 class="btn btn-link skip-link bg-white fw-medium rounded-0 d-flex align-items-center justify-content-center" href="#main"> Skip to main content </a><header _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730><nav _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 aria-label="Main menu" class="navbar navbar-expand-lg fixed-top bg-white shadow-sm"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 aria-hidden="true" class="container position-absolute top-0 start-50 translate-middle-x top-decoration"></div><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 class="container-lg outer-container"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 class="container inner-container d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><button _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 type="button" aria-label="Search Chambers and Partners" class="btn btn-link p-1 rounded-0"><cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 size="30" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 30px; width: 30px;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 30px; width: 30px;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M9.5,3A6.5,6.5 0 0,1 16,9.5C16,11.11 15.41,12.59 14.44,13.73L14.71,14H15.5L20.5,19L19,20.5L14,15.5V14.71L13.73,14.44C12.59,15.41 11.11,16 9.5,16A6.5,6.5 0 0,1 3,9.5A6.5,6.5 0 0,1 9.5,3M9.5,5C7,5 5,7 5,9.5C5,12 7,14 9.5,14C12,14 14,12 14,9.5C14,7 12,5 9.5,5Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon></button><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 class="cmb-brand position-absolute top-0 start-50 translate-middle-x"><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 tabindex="-1" aria-label="Chambers and Partners Homepage" class="btn btn-link p-0 rounded-0" href="https://chambers.com"><img _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 width="131" height="38" alt="Chambers and Partners" src="https://assets.chambers.com/logo/chambers_blue_nopadding.svg"></a></div><button _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 type="button" class="navbar-toggler text-chambers-primary" aria-controls="header-nav-content" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Open main menu"><cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 size="30" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 30px; width: 30px;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 30px; width: 30px;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M3,6H21V8H3V6M3,11H21V13H3V11M3,16H21V18H3V16Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon></button></div><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 class="navbar-collapse pt-2 pt-lg-0 collapse" id="header-nav-content"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 class="nav-menu-panel flex-grow-1 pt-2 pt-lg-0 border-top border-top-lg-0"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 class="container inner-container"><ul _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 class="navbar-nav"><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 class="nav-item border-bottom border-bottom-lg-0 mx-lg-2"><button _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 type="button" class="nav-link top-level-link text-body fw-medium py-3 py-lg-2 w-100 d-flex align-items-center" id="nav-rankings-link" aria-controls="nav-rankings-menu" aria-expanded="false"> Rankings <cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 size="24" class="chevron ms-auto d-lg-none text-primary" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 24px; width: 24px;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 24px; width: 24px;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M7.41,8.58L12,13.17L16.59,8.58L18,10L12,16L6,10L7.41,8.58Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon></button><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 role="region" class="nav-menu-section bg-white border-top-lg collapse" id="nav-rankings-menu" aria-labelledby="nav-rankings-link"><cmb-header-nav-section _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730><div class="container-lg"><div class="row"><div class="col-12 col-lg-4"><cmb-header-nav-subsection _nghost-serverapp-c681896303><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 role="heading" aria-level="2" class="fw-bolder fst-italic small border-bottom py-2 mb-2" id="nav-rankings-menu-regional-rankings-heading"><cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 size="1rem" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M4,11V13H16L10.5,18.5L11.92,19.92L19.84,12L11.92,4.08L10.5,5.5L16,11H4Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="align-middle ms-1">Regional Rankings</span></div><ul _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list list-unstyled mb-3 multi-column" style="--cmb-nav-list-columns: 2;" aria-labelledby="nav-rankings-menu-regional-rankings-heading"><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/legal-guide/global-2"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Global</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/legal-guide/asia-pacific-8"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Asia-Pacific</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/legal-guide/brazil-95"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Brazil</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/legal-guide/canada-20"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Canada</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/legal-guide/europe-7"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Europe</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/topics/chambers-france-2025"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">France</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/topics/chambers-germany-2025"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Germany</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/legal-guide/greater-china-region-116"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Greater China Region</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/legal-guide/latin-america-9"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Latin America</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/legal-guide/uk-1"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">UK</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/legal-guide/uk-bar-14"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">UK Bar</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/legal-guide/usa-5"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">USA</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li></ul></cmb-header-nav-subsection></div><div class="col-12 col-lg-4"><cmb-header-nav-subsection _nghost-serverapp-c681896303><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 role="heading" aria-level="2" class="fw-bolder fst-italic small border-bottom py-2 mb-2" id="nav-rankings-menu-specialist-rankings-heading"><cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 size="1rem" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M4,11V13H16L10.5,18.5L11.92,19.92L19.84,12L11.92,4.08L10.5,5.5L16,11H4Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="align-middle ms-1">Specialist Rankings</span></div><ul _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list list-unstyled mb-3 multi-column" style="--cmb-nav-list-columns: 2;" aria-labelledby="nav-rankings-menu-specialist-rankings-heading"><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/legal-guide/newlaw-94"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">NewLaw</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/legal-guide/crisis-risk-management-96"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Crisis & Risk Management</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/legal-guide/fintech-49"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">FinTech</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1 column-break"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/legal-guide/gc-influencers-77"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">GC Influencers</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/legal-guide/high-net-worth-21"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">High Net Worth</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/legal-guide/litigation-support-58"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Litigation Support</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li></ul></cmb-header-nav-subsection></div><div class="col-12 col-lg-4"><cmb-header-nav-subsection _nghost-serverapp-c681896303><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 role="heading" aria-level="2" class="fw-bolder fst-italic small border-bottom py-2 mb-2" id="nav-rankings-menu-spotlight-rankings-heading"><cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 size="1rem" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M4,11V13H16L10.5,18.5L11.92,19.92L19.84,12L11.92,4.08L10.5,5.5L16,11H4Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="align-middle ms-1">Spotlight Rankings</span></div><ul _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list list-unstyled mb-3" style="--cmb-nav-list-columns: 1;" aria-labelledby="nav-rankings-menu-spotlight-rankings-heading"><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/legal-guide/usa-spotlight-120"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">USA: Spotlight</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li></ul></cmb-header-nav-subsection></div></div></div><cmb-header-cta-banner class="d-none d-lg-block"><div class="bg-chambers-mid-blue-300 text-chambers-primary py-2"><div class="container"><span class="align-middle">Chambers Autumn Release is now live </span><a class="btn btn-link text-chambers-primary fw-medium p-0 rounded-0 hover-underline" href="https://chambers.com/release"> Learn more <cmb-mdi-icon size="1em" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 1em; width: 1em;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 1em; width: 1em;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M8.59,16.58L13.17,12L8.59,7.41L10,6L16,12L10,18L8.59,16.58Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon></a></div></div></cmb-header-cta-banner></cmb-header-nav-section></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 class="nav-item border-bottom border-bottom-lg-0 ms-lg-2 me-lg-auto"><button _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 type="button" class="nav-link top-level-link text-body fw-medium py-3 py-lg-2 w-100 d-flex align-items-center" id="nav-articles-and-events-link" aria-controls="nav-articles-and-events-menu" aria-expanded="false"> Articles & Events <cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 size="24" class="chevron ms-auto d-lg-none text-primary" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 24px; width: 24px;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 24px; width: 24px;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M7.41,8.58L12,13.17L16.59,8.58L18,10L12,16L6,10L7.41,8.58Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon></button><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 role="region" class="nav-menu-section bg-white border-top-lg collapse" id="nav-articles-and-events-menu" aria-labelledby="nav-articles-and-events-link"><cmb-header-nav-section _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730><div class="container-lg"><div class="row"><div class="col-12 col-lg-4"><cmb-header-nav-subsection _nghost-serverapp-c681896303><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 role="heading" aria-level="2" class="fw-bolder fst-italic small border-bottom py-2 mb-2" id="nav-articles-and-events-menu-articles-heading"><cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 size="1rem" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M4,11V13H16L10.5,18.5L11.92,19.92L19.84,12L11.92,4.08L10.5,5.5L16,11H4Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="align-middle ms-1">Articles</span></div><ul _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list list-unstyled mb-3" style="--cmb-nav-list-columns: 1;" aria-labelledby="nav-articles-and-events-menu-articles-heading"><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://practiceguides.chambers.com/"><cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 size="1rem" class="me-1" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M14,3V5H17.59L7.76,14.83L9.17,16.24L19,6.41V10H21V3M19,19H5V5H12V3H5C3.89,3 3,3.9 3,5V19A2,2 0 0,0 5,21H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,19V12H19V19Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Global Practice Guides</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/expert-focus"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Expert Focus</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/diversity-equity-and-inclusion"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Diversity, Equity and Inclusion</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/articles"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Legal Articles</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li></ul></cmb-header-nav-subsection></div><div class="col-12 col-lg-4"><cmb-header-nav-subsection _nghost-serverapp-c681896303><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 role="heading" aria-level="2" class="fw-bolder fst-italic small border-bottom py-2 mb-2" id="nav-articles-and-events-menu-events-heading"><cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 size="1rem" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M4,11V13H16L10.5,18.5L11.92,19.92L19.84,12L11.92,4.08L10.5,5.5L16,11H4Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="align-middle ms-1">Events</span></div><ul _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list list-unstyled mb-3" style="--cmb-nav-list-columns: 1;" aria-labelledby="nav-articles-and-events-menu-events-heading"><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/events"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Upcoming Events</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/events/all-events"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Browse All Events</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/products/events-sponsorship"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Event Sponsorship</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/products/about-our-events"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">About Our Events</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li></ul></cmb-header-nav-subsection></div></div></div><cmb-header-cta-banner class="d-none d-lg-block"><div class="bg-chambers-mid-blue-300 text-chambers-primary py-2"><div class="container"><span class="align-middle">Chambers Autumn Release is now live </span><a class="btn btn-link text-chambers-primary fw-medium p-0 rounded-0 hover-underline" href="https://chambers.com/release"> Learn more <cmb-mdi-icon size="1em" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 1em; width: 1em;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 1em; width: 1em;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M8.59,16.58L13.17,12L8.59,7.41L10,6L16,12L10,18L8.59,16.58Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon></a></div></div></cmb-header-cta-banner></cmb-header-nav-section></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 class="nav-item border-bottom border-bottom-lg-0 mx-lg-2"><button _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 type="button" class="nav-link top-level-link text-body fw-medium py-3 py-lg-2 w-100 d-flex align-items-center" id="nav-products-link" aria-controls="nav-products-menu" aria-expanded="false"> Products <cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 size="24" class="chevron ms-auto d-lg-none text-primary" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 24px; width: 24px;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 24px; width: 24px;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M7.41,8.58L12,13.17L16.59,8.58L18,10L12,16L6,10L7.41,8.58Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon></button><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 role="region" class="nav-menu-section bg-white border-top-lg collapse" id="nav-products-menu" aria-labelledby="nav-products-link"><cmb-header-nav-section _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730><div class="container-lg"><div class="row"><div class="col-12 col-lg-3"><cmb-header-nav-subsection _nghost-serverapp-c681896303><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 role="heading" aria-level="2" class="fw-bolder fst-italic small border-bottom py-2 mb-2" id="nav-products-menu-amplify-presence-heading"><cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 size="1rem" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M4,11V13H16L10.5,18.5L11.92,19.92L19.84,12L11.92,4.08L10.5,5.5L16,11H4Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="align-middle ms-1">Amplify your presence</span></div><ul _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list list-unstyled mb-3" style="--cmb-nav-list-columns: 1;" aria-labelledby="nav-products-menu-amplify-presence-heading"><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1 fw-medium" href="https://chambers.com/products/firm-profiles"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Profile Platform</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="small ps-3"><p _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="text-secondary mt-1 mb-0">Amplify your ranking and be more discoverable</p><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="link-overview bg-chambers-mid-blue-200 mt-1 p-2"><p>Includes:</p> <ul> <li>Online Profile</li> <li>Referee Management</li> <li>Research Analytics</li> <li>Marketing Toolkit</li> </ul> </div></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1 fw-medium" href="https://chambers.com/products/plaques-and-recognitions"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Plaques</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li></ul></cmb-header-nav-subsection></div><div class="col-12 col-lg-3"><cmb-header-nav-subsection _nghost-serverapp-c681896303><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 role="heading" aria-level="2" class="fw-bolder fst-italic small border-bottom py-2 mb-2" id="nav-products-menu-improve-performance-heading"><cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 size="1rem" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M4,11V13H16L10.5,18.5L11.92,19.92L19.84,12L11.92,4.08L10.5,5.5L16,11H4Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="align-middle ms-1">Improve your performance</span></div><ul _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list list-unstyled mb-3" style="--cmb-nav-list-columns: 1;" aria-labelledby="nav-products-menu-improve-performance-heading"><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1 fw-medium" href="https://chambers.com/products/chambers-insight"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Insight</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="small ps-3"><p _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="text-secondary mt-1 mb-0">Improve your ranking with unique market insight</p><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="link-overview bg-chambers-mid-blue-200 mt-1 p-2"><p>Includes:</p> <ul> <li>Client and Market Intelligence</li> <li>Client Intelligence</li> <li>Rankings Data Hub</li> </ul> </div></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1 fw-medium" href="https://chambers.com/products/business-intelligence "><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Business Intelligence</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li></ul></cmb-header-nav-subsection></div><div class="col-12 col-lg-3"><cmb-header-nav-subsection _nghost-serverapp-c681896303><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 role="heading" aria-level="2" class="fw-bolder fst-italic small border-bottom py-2 mb-2" id="nav-products-menu-showcase-expertise-heading"><cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 size="1rem" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M4,11V13H16L10.5,18.5L11.92,19.92L19.84,12L11.92,4.08L10.5,5.5L16,11H4Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="align-middle ms-1">Showcase your expertise</span></div><ul _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list list-unstyled mb-3" style="--cmb-nav-list-columns: 1;" aria-labelledby="nav-products-menu-showcase-expertise-heading"><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1 fw-medium" href="https://chambers.com/products/global-practice-guide-author "><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Global Practice Guides Contributions</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="small ps-3"><p _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="text-secondary mt-1 mb-0">Highlight your subject matter expertise </p></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1 fw-medium" href="https://chambers.com/expert-focus"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Expert Focus</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="small ps-3"><p _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="text-secondary mt-1 mb-0">Provide commentary on key legal matters</p></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1 fw-medium" href="https://chambers.com/products/indepth-overviews "><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">In-depth Overviews</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1 fw-medium" href="https://chambers.com/products/events-sponsorship"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Events Sponsorship</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1 fw-medium" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://practiceguides.chambers.com/practicearea"><cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 size="1rem" class="me-1" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M14,3V5H17.59L7.76,14.83L9.17,16.24L19,6.41V10H21V3M19,19H5V5H12V3H5C3.89,3 3,3.9 3,5V19A2,2 0 0,0 5,21H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,19V12H19V19Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Global Practice Guides</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="small ps-3"><p _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="text-secondary mt-1 mb-0">View our latest publications</p></div></li></ul></cmb-header-nav-subsection></div><div class="col-12 col-lg-3"><cmb-header-nav-subsection _nghost-serverapp-c681896303><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 role="heading" aria-level="2" class="fw-bolder fst-italic small border-bottom py-2 mb-2" id="nav-products-menu-other-sites-heading"><cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 size="1rem" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M4,11V13H16L10.5,18.5L11.92,19.92L19.84,12L11.92,4.08L10.5,5.5L16,11H4Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="align-middle ms-1">Elevate your talent strategies</span></div><ul _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list list-unstyled mb-3" style="--cmb-nav-list-columns: 1;" aria-labelledby="nav-products-menu-other-sites-heading"><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1 fw-medium" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://chambers.com/products/chambers-talent"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Chambers Talent</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="badge bg-primary ms-1">New</span></div><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="small ps-3"><p _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="text-secondary mt-1 mb-0">Access a range of ways to gain valuable insights to inform talent strategies </p></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1 fw-medium" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://chambers.com/products/leading-teams"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Leading Teams</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="badge bg-primary ms-1">New</span></div><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="small ps-3"><p _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="text-secondary mt-1 mb-0">Heighten your understanding of and identify the key drivers of talent retention and motivation</p></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1 fw-medium" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.chambersstudent.co.uk/"><cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 size="1rem" class="me-1" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M14,3V5H17.59L7.76,14.83L9.17,16.24L19,6.41V10H21V3M19,19H5V5H12V3H5C3.89,3 3,3.9 3,5V19A2,2 0 0,0 5,21H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,19V12H19V19Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Chambers Student</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1 fw-medium" target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.chambers-associate.com/"><cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 size="1rem" class="me-1" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M14,3V5H17.59L7.76,14.83L9.17,16.24L19,6.41V10H21V3M19,19H5V5H12V3H5C3.89,3 3,3.9 3,5V19A2,2 0 0,0 5,21H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,19V12H19V19Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Chambers Associate</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li></ul></cmb-header-nav-subsection></div></div></div><cmb-header-cta-banner class="d-none d-lg-block"><div class="bg-chambers-mid-blue-300 text-chambers-primary py-2"><div class="container"><span class="align-middle">Chambers Autumn Release is now live </span><a class="btn btn-link text-chambers-primary fw-medium p-0 rounded-0 hover-underline" href="https://chambers.com/release"> Learn more <cmb-mdi-icon size="1em" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 1em; width: 1em;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 1em; width: 1em;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M8.59,16.58L13.17,12L8.59,7.41L10,6L16,12L10,18L8.59,16.58Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon></a></div></div></cmb-header-cta-banner></cmb-header-nav-section></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 class="nav-item border-bottom border-bottom-lg-0 mx-lg-2"><button _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 type="button" class="nav-link top-level-link text-body fw-medium py-3 py-lg-2 w-100 d-flex align-items-center" id="nav-submissions-link" aria-controls="nav-submissions-menu" aria-expanded="false"> Submissions <cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 size="24" class="chevron ms-auto d-lg-none text-primary" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 24px; width: 24px;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 24px; width: 24px;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M7.41,8.58L12,13.17L16.59,8.58L18,10L12,16L6,10L7.41,8.58Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon></button><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 role="region" class="nav-menu-section bg-white border-top-lg collapse" id="nav-submissions-menu" aria-labelledby="nav-submissions-link"><cmb-header-nav-section _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730><div class="container-lg"><div class="row"><div class="col-12 col-lg-4"><cmb-header-nav-subsection _nghost-serverapp-c681896303><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 role="heading" aria-level="2" class="fw-bolder fst-italic small border-bottom py-2 mb-2" id="nav-submissions-menu-submissions-heading"><cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 size="1rem" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 1rem; width: 1rem;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M4,11V13H16L10.5,18.5L11.92,19.92L19.84,12L11.92,4.08L10.5,5.5L16,11H4Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="align-middle ms-1">Submissions</span></div><ul _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list list-unstyled mb-3" style="--cmb-nav-list-columns: 1;" aria-labelledby="nav-submissions-menu-submissions-heading"><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/info/guide-launch-dates"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Guide Launch Dates</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/about-us/methodology"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Methodology</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/about-us/research-schedule/"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Research Schedule</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/about-us/the-research-team"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Research Team</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="cmb-nav-list-item py-1"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 class="d-flex align-items-center justify-content-between"><cmb-header-nav-link _ngcontent-serverapp-c681896303 _nghost-serverapp-c1047994611><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="btn btn-link cmb-nav-link text-body text-start text-decoration-none lh-sm rounded-1 p-1" href="https://chambers.com/info/submissions"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1047994611 class="align-middle">Submissions Process</span></a></cmb-header-nav-link></div></li></ul></cmb-header-nav-subsection></div></div></div><cmb-header-cta-banner class="d-none d-lg-block"><div class="bg-chambers-mid-blue-300 text-chambers-primary py-2"><div class="container"><span class="align-middle">Chambers Autumn Release is now live </span><a class="btn btn-link text-chambers-primary fw-medium p-0 rounded-0 hover-underline" href="https://chambers.com/release"> Learn more <cmb-mdi-icon size="1em" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 1em; width: 1em;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 1em; width: 1em;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M8.59,16.58L13.17,12L8.59,7.41L10,6L16,12L10,18L8.59,16.58Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon></a></div></div></cmb-header-cta-banner></cmb-header-nav-section></div></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 class="nav-item border-bottom border-bottom-lg-0 mx-lg-2"><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 class="nav-link top-level-link text-body fw-medium py-3 py-lg-2" href="https://chambers.com/faqs"> Help </a></li><li _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 class="nav-item p-3 px-md-0 p-lg-0"><cmb-header-login _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730><a rel="noopener" class="btn btn-chambers-primary d-block d-md-inline-block" href="https://myaccount.chambers.com"> My Account </a></cmb-header-login></li></ul></div></div></div></div></nav></header><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1659727730 class="nav-backdrop position-fixed start-0 top-0 vw-100 vh-100 bg-dark opacity-25 d-none"></div></cmb-header-nav><main id="main" tabindex="-1"><router-outlet></router-outlet><app-content><router-outlet></router-outlet><app-item _nghost-serverapp-c1587876272><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="content-item"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="container py-3"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="p-3"><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="btn" href="/legal-rankings/offshore-trusts-bahamas-21:1476:26:1"><u _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272><cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 size="24" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 24px; width: 24px;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 24px; width: 24px;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M20,11V13H8L13.5,18.5L12.08,19.92L4.16,12L12.08,4.08L13.5,5.5L8,11H20Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon> Back to HNW Rankings </u></a><h1 _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="fw-bold mb-4 mt-3">BAHAMAS: An Introduction to Offshore: Trusts</h1><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="row"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="col-12 col-lg-3 ps-lg-4 order-lg-3 p-3 contributors"><h2 _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="h5 mb-3 text-muted">Contributors:</h2><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 title="View Firm profile" href="/law-firm/lennox-paton-high-net-worth-21:2902"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="row"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="col-12 col-lg-12 col-md-6 pt-2"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272><img _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 src="https://assets.chambers.com/backgrounds/empty-bg-thumb.png" class="logo-img" loading="lazy" alt="Lennox Paton Logo"></div><h2 _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="h6 pt-3 text-center">View Firm profile</h2></div></div></a></div><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="col-12 col-lg-1 order-lg-1 p-3"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="share-buttons d-flex flex-row flex-lg-column justify-content-center"><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 title="Share this via Email" class="btn btn-link d-inline d-lg-block" href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#2f104d404b5612"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="text-dark"><cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 size="24" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 24px; width: 24px;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 24px; width: 24px;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M22 6C22 4.9 21.1 4 20 4H4C2.9 4 2 4.9 2 6V18C2 19.1 2.9 20 4 20H20C21.1 20 22 19.1 22 18V6M20 6L12 11L4 6H20M20 18H4V8L12 13L20 8V18Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon></span></a><button _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 sharebutton="linkedin" title="Share this on LinkedIn" class="btn btn-link d-inline d-lg-block"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="linkedin-icon"><cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 size="24" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 24px; width: 24px;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 24px; width: 24px;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M19 3A2 2 0 0 1 21 5V19A2 2 0 0 1 19 21H5A2 2 0 0 1 3 19V5A2 2 0 0 1 5 3H19M18.5 18.5V13.2A3.26 3.26 0 0 0 15.24 9.94C14.39 9.94 13.4 10.46 12.92 11.24V10.13H10.13V18.5H12.92V13.57C12.92 12.8 13.54 12.17 14.31 12.17A1.4 1.4 0 0 1 15.71 13.57V18.5H18.5M6.88 8.56A1.68 1.68 0 0 0 8.56 6.88C8.56 5.95 7.81 5.19 6.88 5.19A1.69 1.69 0 0 0 5.19 6.88C5.19 7.81 5.95 8.56 6.88 8.56M8.27 18.5V10.13H5.5V18.5H8.27Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon></span></button><button _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 sharebutton="facebook" title="Share this on Facebook" class="btn btn-link d-inline d-lg-block"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="facebook-icon"><cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 size="24" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 24px; width: 24px;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 24px; width: 24px;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M12 2.04C6.5 2.04 2 6.53 2 12.06C2 17.06 5.66 21.21 10.44 21.96V14.96H7.9V12.06H10.44V9.85C10.44 7.34 11.93 5.96 14.22 5.96C15.31 5.96 16.45 6.15 16.45 6.15V8.62H15.19C13.95 8.62 13.56 9.39 13.56 10.18V12.06H16.34L15.89 14.96H13.56V21.96A10 10 0 0 0 22 12.06C22 6.53 17.5 2.04 12 2.04Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon></span></button><button _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 sharebutton="twitter" title="Share this on X" class="btn btn-link d-inline d-lg-block"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="x-icon"><cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 size="24" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 24px; width: 24px;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 24px; width: 24px;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon></span></button><button _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 appshareurl title="Share this on WeChat" aria-label="Share this on WeChat" class="btn btn-link d-inline d-lg-block"><span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="wechat-icon"><cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 size="24" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 24px; width: 24px;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 24px; width: 24px;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M9.5,4C5.36,4 2,6.69 2,10C2,11.89 3.08,13.56 4.78,14.66L4,17L6.5,15.5C7.39,15.81 8.37,16 9.41,16C9.15,15.37 9,14.7 9,14C9,10.69 12.13,8 16,8C16.19,8 16.38,8 16.56,8.03C15.54,5.69 12.78,4 9.5,4M6.5,6.5A1,1 0 0,1 7.5,7.5A1,1 0 0,1 6.5,8.5A1,1 0 0,1 5.5,7.5A1,1 0 0,1 6.5,6.5M11.5,6.5A1,1 0 0,1 12.5,7.5A1,1 0 0,1 11.5,8.5A1,1 0 0,1 10.5,7.5A1,1 0 0,1 11.5,6.5M16,9C12.69,9 10,11.24 10,14C10,16.76 12.69,19 16,19C16.67,19 17.31,18.92 17.91,18.75L20,20L19.38,18.13C20.95,17.22 22,15.71 22,14C22,11.24 19.31,9 16,9M14,11.5A1,1 0 0,1 15,12.5A1,1 0 0,1 14,13.5A1,1 0 0,1 13,12.5A1,1 0 0,1 14,11.5M18,11.5A1,1 0 0,1 19,12.5A1,1 0 0,1 18,13.5A1,1 0 0,1 17,12.5A1,1 0 0,1 18,11.5Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon></span></button></div></div><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="col-12 col-lg-8 mt-3 pe-lg-4 order-lg-2 lg-border-end text-justify"><p _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="cms-content"></p><p><b>Offshore Trusts in The Bahamas </b> </p><p>The Commonwealth of The Bahamas is enjoying slow steady growth in its GDP, fuelled by significant tourism inflows. Government debt equated to 83.4% of GDP at the end of December 2023, representing a significant improvement compared to the 100.4% of GDP at the end of June 2021.The Ministry of Tourism announced that there were 9,654, 838 visitors in 2023 – 1,719,980 by air and 7,934,858 by sea. These latter visitors will increase as more – and larger – cruise ships take advantage of the redeveloped enlarged Nassau Cruise Port. Major airlines have increased the number of scheduled flights, and some small airlines have begun to service some of the outlying islands. Luxury hotels at Bahamar and at Atlantis, Paradise Island, have very good occupancy rates and spending per room. An extensive range of luxury condos and villas is available for rent or purchase. </p><p>The Bahamas’ experience as a visitor and the ease of accessing The Bahamas by air (especially from North America), coupled with The Bahamas having no income tax (other than a 15% corporate income tax for multinational enterprises earning over EUR75 million annually, from the fiscal year 2024–25), no capital gains tax or inheritance tax and having many well-known banks and trust companies, have led to The Bahamas becoming a leading offshore trust jurisdiction. As such, it is used for the creation of trusts governed by flexible Bahamian trust law, for accepting foreign trusts being converted into more flexible Bahamian trusts, for the administration of trusts and for helpful recourse to its courts. </p><p>Normally, one thinks of a court as fulfilling a stern disciplinary role concerned, for example, with breaches of trust, but a court having jurisdiction over trusts also has a significant, paternalistic advisory role to enable the successful smooth running of a trust over a lengthy period. In the latter role, the court’s advice to the trustee as to the extent of the trustee’s powers and as to whether the proposed exercise of a power is within the proper scope of said power will protect the trustee if it is acting in accordance with the advice and has not misled the court. </p><p>It is very helpful that confidential, private arbitration of disputes with chosen specialist arbitrators has been possible since the Trustee (Amendment) Act 2011 if expressly provided for in the trust instrument by the settlor, despite the absence of the normally required binding agreement to arbitrate between all interested parties and the need for a court to provide representation for beneficiaries if they are minors, unborn, unascertained or lacking in mental capacity. In Volpi v Delanson Services Ltd and Volpi, Klein J on 28 December 2023 provided an extensive reserved judgment of 627 paragraphs investigating the limited extent to which recourse can be made to the courts to challenge an arbitration award under the 2011 Act and the Arbitration Act 2009. </p><p>Klein J confirmed the award, finding that there were no serious irregularities giving rise to substantial injustice, and holding that Section 91 of the 2009 Act excluded the ability to seek leave to appeal the award on questions of law: “The only route of appeal on points of law is the parties’ express opt-in by consent.” This needs to be at the outset, with a winning party being unlikely to risk losing if a point of law already decided in their favour is appealed. </p><p>As Volpi shows, very flexible trust structures can be created with a range of underlying companies or foundations. High net worth individuals generate much wealth and may seek to create a charitable trust for a favoured good cause, and to provide a dynastic wealth trust structure for their families over a specific period or indefinitely. However, the trustee or the head of the family from time to time may be given power to distribute assets to other trusts or create sub-trusts, or to make outright gifts to beneficiaries. High net worth individuals who create trusts in their lifetime may avoid the need for a public grant of probate on their death in respect of trust assets, and may ensure that their wealth does not pass directly to their children to be dissipated. Indeed, an older generation of beneficiaries with the assistance of the trustee may keep a younger generation ignorant of their status as discretionary beneficiaries of a very valuable trust fund, so that they study and work hard for qualifications that help in the success of companies held within the trust fund. If a high net worth individual's patrimony on death would be subject to forced heirship rights, these rights may be avoided if assets are held in a trust in a common law jurisdiction with protection provided by legislation like the Bahamian Trusts (Choice of Governing Law) Act 1989 as amended in 2016. </p><p>A company carrying on trust business needs to be licensed under the Banks and Trust Companies Regulation Act 2020, unless it is a “Private Trust Company” acting as trustee of a private family trust, when family members may be directors of such trust company. Trustees hold a ring-fenced fund protecting the fund from the trustees’ creditors, except for debts incurred by the trustee acting as such. Usually, the settlor and the other beneficiaries will only be the objects of a discretionary power to distribute to them (or to trustees for them) income or capital, so that all they have is the hope of receiving a distribution of income or capital from the trustee or another person named in the trust instrument as having power to make such a distribution. Such a hope is not the property of a discretionary beneficiary against which their judgment creditor can levy execution to obtain payment of the beneficiary’s debt. </p><p>The exercise of a power to benefit a discretionary beneficiary can also require the written consent of a designated person. Such consent may be withheld at a personal whim without giving reasons or may only be withheld if the consent giver considers that the exerciser of the power has not made a fully informed decision, taking account of relevant factors and ignoring irrelevant factors. </p><p>To keep up with high global regulatory standards to prevent fraud, tax evasion and money laundering, The Bahamas has enacted much legislation over the last four years so as not to be on the EU List of Non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes. It is participating in the OECD Pillar 2 Tax Framework that includes the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Inclusive Framework, having enacted the Commercial Entities (Substance Requirements) Act 2023 supported by Regulations and Guidance Notes. Moreover, in the fiscal year 2024-2025 The Bahamas will introduce the Qualified Domestic Minimum Top-Up Tax, a corporate income tax of 15% in respect of multinational enterprises earning more than EUR750 million annually. It is estimated that this will produce USD140 million annually and will help the government with its plans to improve the airports on outlying islands, facilitating greater access. </p><p>A Securities Industry Bill 2024 is currently before Parliament, and is a holistic overhaul of the Securities Industry Act 2011, replacing it with an updated and modernised securities industry framework to ensure that the relevant laws are current and competitive, and reflect international best practice. </p><p>A Digital Assets and Registered Exchanges Bill is also before Parliament, to replace the 2020 Act of that name. It takes a proactive approach to improving the current regime by introducing a robust framework with greater focus on the protection of consumers and investors, as well as market development and innovation. </p><p>The FTX cryptocurrency insolvency in November 2022 attracted unwanted attention for The Bahamas, but it needs to be noted that the statutory framework led to a sufficiently early intervention in The Bahamas and then the USA, which resulted in there being more than enough to satisfy creditors. The above 2024 Bills, however, when duly enacted, will provide a stronger statutory framework for the protection of investors. </p><p>The Bahamas provides a safe nourishing environment for growing wealth, while being a very pleasant place to live, work or holiday, with very good international communications and skilled experienced bodies of lawyers, trustees, bankers, accountants and investment managers keen to have their experience utilised. </p><p></p></div></div><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="row p-0 pt-3 border-top border-bottom org-info"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="col-12 col-lg-9"><h2 _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="medium-text h5"><i _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272><b _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272>About the firm:</b></i></h2><a _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 title="View more information about Lennox Paton" href="/law-firm/lennox-paton-high-net-worth-21:2902"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="row align-items-center"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="col-10 col-lg-4 py-3"><img _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 src="https://assets.chambers.com/backgrounds/empty-bg-thumb.png" class="logo-img" loading="lazy" alt="Lennox Paton Logo"></div><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="col-10 col-lg-8 py-3"><div _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="text-dark nounderline"><p _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="cms-content"> Lennox Paton is a leading offshore, full-service commercial law firm providing services to clients in relation to B ...</p></div><h2 _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="h6"> View more information about Lennox Paton <span _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 class="me-1 ps-2"><cmb-mdi-icon _ngcontent-serverapp-c1587876272 size="24" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 24px; width: 24px;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 24px; width: 24px;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M4,11V13H16L10.5,18.5L11.92,19.92L19.84,12L11.92,4.08L10.5,5.5L16,11H4Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon></span></h2></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></div></app-item></app-content></main><footer><cmb-footer><div class="footer py-3 py-md-5 bg-chambers-primary"><div class="container"><div class="d-flex mb-3 mb-md-5"><a href="/" class="navbar-brand"><img width="133" height="38" src="https://assets.chambers.com/logo/chambers_white_nopadding.svg" alt="Chambers Logo" loading="lazy"></a></div><div class="row justify-content-between"><div class="col-12 mb-2 col-md-4 mb-md-0 col-lg-auto"><p class="fw-light h5 mb-3 small text-gray-500">Legal Rankings</p><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><a id="lawFirmRankings" title="Link to Find A Law Firm" class="text-white fw-light small hover-underline" href="/all-law-firms-global-2" target><span>Find A Law Firm</span></a></li><li><a id="lawyerRankings" title="Link to Find A Lawyer" class="text-white fw-light small hover-underline" href="/all-lawyers-global-2" target><span>Find A Lawyer</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="col-12 mb-2 col-md-4 mb-md-0 col-lg-auto"><p class="fw-light h5 mb-3 small text-gray-500">Submissions</p><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><a id="submissionDeadlines" title="Link to Submission Deadlines" class="text-white fw-light small hover-underline" href="/about-us/research-schedule" target><span>Submission Deadlines</span></a></li><li><a id="rankingExplained" title="Link to Rankings Explained" class="text-white fw-light small hover-underline" href="/info/the-rankings-explained" target><span>Rankings Explained</span></a></li><li><a id="practiceAreaDefinition" title="Link to Practice Area Definitions" class="text-white fw-light small hover-underline" href="/faqs/practice-area-definitions-34040000000836001" target><span>Practice Area Definitions</span></a></li><li><a id="onboardWithChambers" title="Link to Onboard With Chambers" class="text-white fw-light small hover-underline" href="/info/onboard-with-chambers" target><span>Onboard With Chambers</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="col-12 mb-2 col-md-4 mb-md-0 col-lg-auto"><p class="fw-light h5 mb-3 small text-gray-500">Company</p><ul class="list-unstyled"><li><a id="contactUs" title="Link to Contact Us" class="text-white fw-light small hover-underline" href="/contact-us" target><span>Contact Us</span></a></li><li><a id="faqs" title="Link to Frequently Asked Questions" class="text-white fw-light small hover-underline" href="/faqs" target><span>Frequently Asked Questions</span></a></li><li><a id="modernSlaveryStatement" title="Link to Modern Slavery Statement" class="text-white fw-light small hover-underline" href="/info/modern-slavery-statement" target><span>Modern Slavery Statement</span></a></li><li><a id="supplierCodeofConduct" title="Link to Supplier Code of Conduct" class="text-white fw-light small hover-underline" href="/info/supplier-code-of-conduct" target><span>Supplier Code of Conduct</span></a></li><li><a id="careers" title="Link to Careers" class="text-white fw-light small hover-underline" href="/products/careers" target><span>Careers</span></a></li><li><a id="aboutUs" title="Link to About Us" class="text-white fw-light small hover-underline" href="/about-us" target><span>About Us</span></a></li><li><a id="privacyPolicy" title="Link to Privacy Policy" class="text-white fw-light small hover-underline" href="/info/privacy" target><span>Privacy Policy</span></a></li></ul></div><div class="col-12 col-md-4 col-lg-auto"><p class="h5 mb-3 text-gray-500 small fw-light">Address</p><dl><dt class="visually-hidden">Street</dt><dd class="mb-0 text-white small fw-light">165 Fleet Street</dd><dt class="visually-hidden">City</dt><dd class="mb-0 text-white small fw-light">London</dd><dt class="visually-hidden">Country</dt><dd class="mb-0 text-white small fw-light">United Kingdom</dd><dt class="visually-hidden">Postal Code</dt><dd class="mb-2 text-white small fw-light">EC4A 2AE</dd><dt class="visually-hidden">Google maps link</dt><dd><a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Chambers+and+Partners/@51.5142998,-0.1087203,20z/data=!4m13!1m7!3m6!1s0x487604b2d6549009:0x71e2588e04ebdf88!2sFleet+St,+London+EC4A+2AE,+UK!3b1!8m2!3d51.5143036!4d-0.1085064!3m4!1s0x48761b5407dad2b9:0xb41d41ff580b8dcf!8m2!3d51.5143858!4d-0.1085209" id="mapsLink" target="_blank" rel="noopener" class="text-white small fw-light hover-underline"><span class="me-1">View in maps</span><cmb-mdi-icon size="16" _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 style="height: 16px; width: 16px;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 16px; width: 16px;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M14,3V5H17.59L7.76,14.83L9.17,16.24L19,6.41V10H21V3M19,19H5V5H12V3H5C3.89,3 3,3.9 3,5V19A2,2 0 0,0 5,21H19A2,2 0 0,0 21,19V12H19V19Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon></a></dd></dl></div></div><div class="row mt-4"><div class="col-12 mb-3 col-md mb-md-0"><div class="copyright small text-white"><span class="small">© Copyright 2024 Chambers and Partners<span class="mx-2">|</span><a id="termsAndConditions" title="Link to Terms and Conditions" class="text-white fw-light hover-underline" href="/info/terms-and-conditions" target><span>Terms and Conditions</span></a></span></div></div><div class="col-12 col-md-auto"><ul class="d-flex align-item-center justify-content-start justify-content-lg-end"><li><a target="_blank" id="linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/chambers-and-partners/" title="Link to Chambers LinkedIn" rel="noopener" class="text-gray-500"><cmb-mdi-icon _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 alt="Linkedin" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 24px; width: 24px;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M19 3A2 2 0 0 1 21 5V19A2 2 0 0 1 19 21H5A2 2 0 0 1 3 19V5A2 2 0 0 1 5 3H19M18.5 18.5V13.2A3.26 3.26 0 0 0 15.24 9.94C14.39 9.94 13.4 10.46 12.92 11.24V10.13H10.13V18.5H12.92V13.57C12.92 12.8 13.54 12.17 14.31 12.17A1.4 1.4 0 0 1 15.71 13.57V18.5H18.5M6.88 8.56A1.68 1.68 0 0 0 8.56 6.88C8.56 5.95 7.81 5.19 6.88 5.19A1.69 1.69 0 0 0 5.19 6.88C5.19 7.81 5.95 8.56 6.88 8.56M8.27 18.5V10.13H5.5V18.5H8.27Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon></a></li><li><a target="_blank" id="instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/chambersandpartners/" title="Link to Chambers Instagram" rel="noopener" class="text-gray-500 ms-3"><cmb-mdi-icon _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 alt="Instagram" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 24px; width: 24px;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M7.8,2H16.2C19.4,2 22,4.6 22,7.8V16.2A5.8,5.8 0 0,1 16.2,22H7.8C4.6,22 2,19.4 2,16.2V7.8A5.8,5.8 0 0,1 7.8,2M7.6,4A3.6,3.6 0 0,0 4,7.6V16.4C4,18.39 5.61,20 7.6,20H16.4A3.6,3.6 0 0,0 20,16.4V7.6C20,5.61 18.39,4 16.4,4H7.6M17.25,5.5A1.25,1.25 0 0,1 18.5,6.75A1.25,1.25 0 0,1 17.25,8A1.25,1.25 0 0,1 16,6.75A1.25,1.25 0 0,1 17.25,5.5M12,7A5,5 0 0,1 17,12A5,5 0 0,1 12,17A5,5 0 0,1 7,12A5,5 0 0,1 12,7M12,9A3,3 0 0,0 9,12A3,3 0 0,0 12,15A3,3 0 0,0 15,12A3,3 0 0,0 12,9Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon></a></li><li><a target="_blank" id="facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/Chambersandpartners" title="Link to Chambers Facebook" rel="noopener" class="text-gray-500 ms-3"><cmb-mdi-icon _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 alt="Facebook" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 24px; width: 24px;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M12 2.04C6.5 2.04 2 6.53 2 12.06C2 17.06 5.66 21.21 10.44 21.96V14.96H7.9V12.06H10.44V9.85C10.44 7.34 11.93 5.96 14.22 5.96C15.31 5.96 16.45 6.15 16.45 6.15V8.62H15.19C13.95 8.62 13.56 9.39 13.56 10.18V12.06H16.34L15.89 14.96H13.56V21.96A10 10 0 0 0 22 12.06C22 6.53 17.5 2.04 12 2.04Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon></a></li><li><a target="_blank" id="twitter" href="https://twitter.com/ChambersGuides" title="Link to Chambers X" rel="noopener" class="text-gray-500 ms-3"><cmb-mdi-icon _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 alt="X" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 24px; width: 24px;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M18.244 2.25h3.308l-7.227 8.26 8.502 11.24H16.17l-5.214-6.817L4.99 21.75H1.68l7.73-8.835L1.254 2.25H8.08l4.713 6.231zm-1.161 17.52h1.833L7.084 4.126H5.117z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon></a></li><li><a target="_blank" id="youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCYBCryjs3ZTi8VgVvveppMg" title="Link to Chambers Youtube" rel="noopener" class="text-gray-500 ms-3"><cmb-mdi-icon _nghost-serverapp-c109736121 alt="Youtube" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;"><svg _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="display: inline-block; fill: currentColor; height: 24px; width: 24px;"><path _ngcontent-serverapp-c109736121="" d="M10,15L15.19,12L10,9V15M21.56,7.17C21.69,7.64 21.78,8.27 21.84,9.07C21.91,9.87 21.94,10.56 21.94,11.16L22,12C22,14.19 21.84,15.8 21.56,16.83C21.31,17.73 20.73,18.31 19.83,18.56C19.36,18.69 18.5,18.78 17.18,18.84C15.88,18.91 14.69,18.94 13.59,18.94L12,19C7.81,19 5.2,18.84 4.17,18.56C3.27,18.31 2.69,17.73 2.44,16.83C2.31,16.36 2.22,15.73 2.16,14.93C2.09,14.13 2.06,13.44 2.06,12.84L2,12C2,9.81 2.16,8.2 2.44,7.17C2.69,6.27 3.27,5.69 4.17,5.44C4.64,5.31 5.5,5.22 6.82,5.16C8.12,5.09 9.31,5.06 10.41,5.06L12,5C16.19,5 18.8,5.16 19.83,5.44C20.73,5.69 21.31,6.27 21.56,7.17Z"/></svg></cmb-mdi-icon></a></li></ul></div></div></div></div></cmb-footer></footer></app-root> <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script src="https://static.chambers.com/runtime-11.11.3-462d4a138dbb4ae6.js" type="module"></script><script src="https://static.chambers.com/polyfills-11.11.3-17f59cc78b24e457.js" type="module"></script><script src="https://static.chambers.com/main-11.11.3-4d6fa6c0adbfc18c.js" type="module"></script> <noscript id="gtm-noscript-id"> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-55L6J3Q&gtm_auth=rTCU7ItdyW9Qz7Zufb2RbQ&gtm_preview=env-3&gtm_cookies_win=x" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript><script type="text/javascript" id="pingdom" src="https://rum-static.pingdom.net/pa-5b8582f1ebbc70001600001d.js" defer></script><script id="serverApp-state" type="application/json">{"https://api.chambers.com/api/cms/v2/options/headless-settings":{"acf":{"banners":[{"title":"Chambers Europe 2024 Guide Launch","description":"Discover who has been ranked as the top legal talent in this year’s guide.","image":{"desktop":{"ID":19731,"id":19731,"title":"Europe-launch-events-dropdown-tile","filename":"Europe-launch-events-dropdown-tile.png","filesize":138290,"url":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/15113856/Europe-launch-events-dropdown-tile.png","link":"https://wpcms.chambers.com/europe-launch-events-dropdown-tile/","alt":"","author":"49","description":"","caption":"","name":"europe-launch-events-dropdown-tile","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":0,"date":"2024-02-15 11:38:56","modified":"2024-02-15 11:38:56","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image/png","type":"image","subtype":"png","icon":"https://wpcms.chambers.com/wp-includes/images/media/default.png","width":300,"height":300,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/15113856/Europe-launch-events-dropdown-tile-120x120.png","thumbnail-width":120,"thumbnail-height":120,"medium":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/15113856/Europe-launch-events-dropdown-tile.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/15113856/Europe-launch-events-dropdown-tile.png","medium_large-width":300,"medium_large-height":300,"large":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/15113856/Europe-launch-events-dropdown-tile.png","large-width":300,"large-height":300,"1536x1536":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/15113856/Europe-launch-events-dropdown-tile.png","1536x1536-width":300,"1536x1536-height":300,"2048x2048":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/15113856/Europe-launch-events-dropdown-tile.png","2048x2048-width":300,"2048x2048-height":300}},"tablet":{"ID":19731,"id":19731,"title":"Europe-launch-events-dropdown-tile","filename":"Europe-launch-events-dropdown-tile.png","filesize":138290,"url":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/15113856/Europe-launch-events-dropdown-tile.png","link":"https://wpcms.chambers.com/europe-launch-events-dropdown-tile/","alt":"","author":"49","description":"","caption":"","name":"europe-launch-events-dropdown-tile","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":0,"date":"2024-02-15 11:38:56","modified":"2024-02-15 11:38:56","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image/png","type":"image","subtype":"png","icon":"https://wpcms.chambers.com/wp-includes/images/media/default.png","width":300,"height":300,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/15113856/Europe-launch-events-dropdown-tile-120x120.png","thumbnail-width":120,"thumbnail-height":120,"medium":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/15113856/Europe-launch-events-dropdown-tile.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/15113856/Europe-launch-events-dropdown-tile.png","medium_large-width":300,"medium_large-height":300,"large":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/15113856/Europe-launch-events-dropdown-tile.png","large-width":300,"large-height":300,"1536x1536":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/15113856/Europe-launch-events-dropdown-tile.png","1536x1536-width":300,"1536x1536-height":300,"2048x2048":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/15113856/Europe-launch-events-dropdown-tile.png","2048x2048-width":300,"2048x2048-height":300}}},"host":"articles-events-menu-item","content_color":"dark","button_text":"Register now","button_url":"https://us02web.zoom.us/webinar/register/5917079970865/WN_fl_0GM91QLubOal5jOSPlg"},{"title":"Regional Spotlight Texas is live","description":"Discover the leading small to medium-sized firms.","image":{"desktop":{"ID":19634,"id":19634,"title":"Spotlight_Nav_Tile_TX","filename":"Spotlight_Nav_Tile_TX.png","filesize":134127,"url":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/08092855/Spotlight_Nav_Tile_TX.png","link":"https://wpcms.chambers.com/homepage-v2/spotlight_nav_tile_tx/","alt":"","author":"49","description":"","caption":"","name":"spotlight_nav_tile_tx","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":11488,"date":"2024-02-08 09:28:55","modified":"2024-02-08 09:28:55","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image/png","type":"image","subtype":"png","icon":"https://wpcms.chambers.com/wp-includes/images/media/default.png","width":300,"height":300,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/08092855/Spotlight_Nav_Tile_TX-120x120.png","thumbnail-width":120,"thumbnail-height":120,"medium":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/08092855/Spotlight_Nav_Tile_TX.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/08092855/Spotlight_Nav_Tile_TX.png","medium_large-width":300,"medium_large-height":300,"large":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/08092855/Spotlight_Nav_Tile_TX.png","large-width":300,"large-height":300,"1536x1536":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/08092855/Spotlight_Nav_Tile_TX.png","1536x1536-width":300,"1536x1536-height":300,"2048x2048":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/08092855/Spotlight_Nav_Tile_TX.png","2048x2048-width":300,"2048x2048-height":300}},"tablet":{"ID":19634,"id":19634,"title":"Spotlight_Nav_Tile_TX","filename":"Spotlight_Nav_Tile_TX.png","filesize":134127,"url":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/08092855/Spotlight_Nav_Tile_TX.png","link":"https://wpcms.chambers.com/homepage-v2/spotlight_nav_tile_tx/","alt":"","author":"49","description":"","caption":"","name":"spotlight_nav_tile_tx","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":11488,"date":"2024-02-08 09:28:55","modified":"2024-02-08 09:28:55","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image/png","type":"image","subtype":"png","icon":"https://wpcms.chambers.com/wp-includes/images/media/default.png","width":300,"height":300,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/08092855/Spotlight_Nav_Tile_TX-120x120.png","thumbnail-width":120,"thumbnail-height":120,"medium":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/08092855/Spotlight_Nav_Tile_TX.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/08092855/Spotlight_Nav_Tile_TX.png","medium_large-width":300,"medium_large-height":300,"large":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/08092855/Spotlight_Nav_Tile_TX.png","large-width":300,"large-height":300,"1536x1536":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/08092855/Spotlight_Nav_Tile_TX.png","1536x1536-width":300,"1536x1536-height":300,"2048x2048":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/08092855/Spotlight_Nav_Tile_TX.png","2048x2048-width":300,"2048x2048-height":300}}},"host":"guides-menu-item","content_color":"light","button_text":"View rankings","button_url":"https://chambers.com/legal-guide/usa-spotlight-120"},{"title":"Chambers Global Submissions 2025","description":"The next deadline is 13 March 2024","image":{"desktop":{"ID":19660,"id":19660,"title":"Global-guide-launch-events-dropdown-tile (2)","filename":"Global-guide-launch-events-dropdown-tile-2.png","filesize":130319,"url":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/09172253/Global-guide-launch-events-dropdown-tile-2.png","link":"https://wpcms.chambers.com/global-guide-launch-events-dropdown-tile-2/","alt":"","author":"49","description":"","caption":"","name":"global-guide-launch-events-dropdown-tile-2","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":0,"date":"2024-02-09 17:22:53","modified":"2024-02-09 17:22:53","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image/png","type":"image","subtype":"png","icon":"https://wpcms.chambers.com/wp-includes/images/media/default.png","width":300,"height":300,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/09172253/Global-guide-launch-events-dropdown-tile-2-120x120.png","thumbnail-width":120,"thumbnail-height":120,"medium":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/09172253/Global-guide-launch-events-dropdown-tile-2.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/09172253/Global-guide-launch-events-dropdown-tile-2.png","medium_large-width":300,"medium_large-height":300,"large":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/09172253/Global-guide-launch-events-dropdown-tile-2.png","large-width":300,"large-height":300,"1536x1536":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/09172253/Global-guide-launch-events-dropdown-tile-2.png","1536x1536-width":300,"1536x1536-height":300,"2048x2048":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/09172253/Global-guide-launch-events-dropdown-tile-2.png","2048x2048-width":300,"2048x2048-height":300}},"tablet":{"ID":19660,"id":19660,"title":"Global-guide-launch-events-dropdown-tile (2)","filename":"Global-guide-launch-events-dropdown-tile-2.png","filesize":130319,"url":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/09172253/Global-guide-launch-events-dropdown-tile-2.png","link":"https://wpcms.chambers.com/global-guide-launch-events-dropdown-tile-2/","alt":"","author":"49","description":"","caption":"","name":"global-guide-launch-events-dropdown-tile-2","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":0,"date":"2024-02-09 17:22:53","modified":"2024-02-09 17:22:53","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image/png","type":"image","subtype":"png","icon":"https://wpcms.chambers.com/wp-includes/images/media/default.png","width":300,"height":300,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/09172253/Global-guide-launch-events-dropdown-tile-2-120x120.png","thumbnail-width":120,"thumbnail-height":120,"medium":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/09172253/Global-guide-launch-events-dropdown-tile-2.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/09172253/Global-guide-launch-events-dropdown-tile-2.png","medium_large-width":300,"medium_large-height":300,"large":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/09172253/Global-guide-launch-events-dropdown-tile-2.png","large-width":300,"large-height":300,"1536x1536":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/09172253/Global-guide-launch-events-dropdown-tile-2.png","1536x1536-width":300,"1536x1536-height":300,"2048x2048":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/09172253/Global-guide-launch-events-dropdown-tile-2.png","2048x2048-width":300,"2048x2048-height":300}}},"host":"submissions-menu-item","content_color":"dark","button_text":"Learn more","button_url":"https://chambers.com/about-us/research-schedule/"},{"title":"Chambers Insight","description":"Gain a data-driven view of your firm's perception and position in the market with our insights report.","image":{"desktop":{"ID":17002,"id":17002,"title":"Insights-product-drop-down-tile","filename":"Insights-product-drop-down-tile.png","filesize":123183,"url":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/08133744/Insights-product-drop-down-tile.png","link":"https://wpcms.chambers.com/insights-product-drop-down-tile/","alt":"","author":"49","description":"","caption":"","name":"insights-product-drop-down-tile","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":0,"date":"2023-08-08 12:37:44","modified":"2023-08-08 12:37:44","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image/png","type":"image","subtype":"png","icon":"https://wpcms.chambers.com/wp-includes/images/media/default.png","width":300,"height":300,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/08133744/Insights-product-drop-down-tile-120x120.png","thumbnail-width":120,"thumbnail-height":120,"medium":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/08133744/Insights-product-drop-down-tile.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/08133744/Insights-product-drop-down-tile.png","medium_large-width":300,"medium_large-height":300,"large":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/08133744/Insights-product-drop-down-tile.png","large-width":300,"large-height":300,"1536x1536":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/08133744/Insights-product-drop-down-tile.png","1536x1536-width":300,"1536x1536-height":300,"2048x2048":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/08133744/Insights-product-drop-down-tile.png","2048x2048-width":300,"2048x2048-height":300}},"tablet":{"ID":17002,"id":17002,"title":"Insights-product-drop-down-tile","filename":"Insights-product-drop-down-tile.png","filesize":123183,"url":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/08133744/Insights-product-drop-down-tile.png","link":"https://wpcms.chambers.com/insights-product-drop-down-tile/","alt":"","author":"49","description":"","caption":"","name":"insights-product-drop-down-tile","status":"inherit","uploaded_to":0,"date":"2023-08-08 12:37:44","modified":"2023-08-08 12:37:44","menu_order":0,"mime_type":"image/png","type":"image","subtype":"png","icon":"https://wpcms.chambers.com/wp-includes/images/media/default.png","width":300,"height":300,"sizes":{"thumbnail":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/08133744/Insights-product-drop-down-tile-120x120.png","thumbnail-width":120,"thumbnail-height":120,"medium":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/08133744/Insights-product-drop-down-tile.png","medium-width":300,"medium-height":300,"medium_large":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/08133744/Insights-product-drop-down-tile.png","medium_large-width":300,"medium_large-height":300,"large":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/08133744/Insights-product-drop-down-tile.png","large-width":300,"large-height":300,"1536x1536":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/08133744/Insights-product-drop-down-tile.png","1536x1536-width":300,"1536x1536-height":300,"2048x2048":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/08133744/Insights-product-drop-down-tile.png","2048x2048-width":300,"2048x2048-height":300}}},"host":"products-menu-item","content_color":"dark","button_text":"Learn more","button_url":"https://chambers.com/products/chambers-insight"}],"cta_banners":[{"content":"\u003Cp>New search functionality is now live. Find the right talent for your needs by searching practice areas and locations.\u003C/p>\n","button_text":"","button_url":"","host":"guides-menu-item"},{"content":"\u003Cp>New search functionality is now live. Find the right talent for your needs by searching practice areas and locations.\u003C/p>\n","button_text":"","button_url":"","host":"articles-events-menu-item"},{"content":"\u003Cp>New search functionality is now live. Find the right talent for your needs by searching practice areas and locations.\u003C/p>\n","button_text":"","button_url":"","host":"products-menu-item"},{"content":"\u003Cp>New search functionality is now live. Find the right talent for your needs by searching practice areas and locations.\u003C/p>\n","button_text":"","button_url":"","host":"submissions-menu-item"}],"gaLabel":"top_nav_newsearch","message":"New search functionality is now live. Find the right talent for your needs by searching practice areas and locations.","nav_sections":[{"section_id":"nav-rankings-menu","nav_subsections":[{"subsection_title":"Regional Rankings","subsection_id":"nav-rankings-menu-regional-rankings","width":"4","columns":"2","subsection_links":[{"link_text":"Global","link_url":"/legal-guide/global-2","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Asia-Pacific","link_url":"/legal-guide/asia-pacific-8","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Brazil","link_url":"/legal-guide/brazil-95","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Canada","link_url":"/legal-guide/canada-20","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Europe","link_url":"/legal-guide/europe-7","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"France","link_url":"/topics/chambers-france-2025","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Germany","link_url":"/topics/chambers-germany-2025","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Greater China Region","link_url":"/legal-guide/greater-china-region-116","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Latin America","link_url":"/legal-guide/latin-america-9","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"UK","link_url":"/legal-guide/uk-1","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"UK Bar","link_url":"/legal-guide/uk-bar-14","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"USA","link_url":"/legal-guide/usa-5","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true}]},{"subsection_title":"Specialist Rankings","subsection_id":"nav-rankings-menu-specialist-rankings","width":"4","columns":"2","subsection_links":[{"link_text":"NewLaw","link_url":"/legal-guide/newlaw-94","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Crisis & Risk Management","link_url":"/legal-guide/crisis-risk-management-96","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"FinTech","link_url":"/legal-guide/fintech-49","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"GC Influencers","link_url":"/legal-guide/gc-influencers-77","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":true,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"High Net Worth","link_url":"/legal-guide/high-net-worth-21","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Litigation Support","link_url":"/legal-guide/litigation-support-58","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true}]},{"subsection_title":"Spotlight Rankings","subsection_id":"nav-rankings-menu-spotlight-rankings","width":"4","columns":"1","subsection_links":[{"link_text":"USA: Spotlight","link_url":"/legal-guide/usa-spotlight-120","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true}]}],"banner":{"show_banner":false,"title":"Chambers France and Chambers Germany 2025","content":"\u003Cp>Discover the opportunities for firms and greater insight for buyers of legal services.\u003C/p>\n","portrait_image":false,"landscape_image":{"image_xxl":false,"image_xl":false,"image_lg":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/01143006/Untitled-design-2024-03-01T141452.694.png","image_md":false,"image_default":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/01143006/Untitled-design-2024-03-01T141452.694.png"},"content_color":"dark","layout":"horizontal","image_anchor":{"horizontal":"left","vertical":"top"},"button_text":"Learn more","button_link":"/topics/announcing-chambers-france-and-chambers-germany","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},"cta_banner":{"show_banner":true,"badge":"","banner_text":"Chambers Autumn Release is now live ","banner_link_text":"Learn more","banner_link":"/release","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true}},{"section_id":"nav-articles-and-events-menu","nav_subsections":[{"subsection_title":"Articles","subsection_id":"nav-articles-and-events-menu-articles","width":"4","columns":"1","subsection_links":[{"link_text":"Global Practice Guides","link_url":"https://practiceguides.chambers.com/","badge":"","external_link":true,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Expert Focus","link_url":"/expert-focus","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Diversity, Equity and Inclusion","link_url":"/diversity-equity-and-inclusion","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Legal Articles","link_url":"/articles","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true}]},{"subsection_title":"Events","subsection_id":"nav-articles-and-events-menu-events","width":"4","columns":"1","subsection_links":[{"link_text":"Upcoming Events","link_url":"/events","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Browse All Events","link_url":"/events/all-events","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Event Sponsorship","link_url":"/products/events-sponsorship","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"About Our Events","link_url":"/products/about-our-events","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true}]}],"banner":{"show_banner":false,"title":"Chambers Europe 2024 Guide Launch","content":"\u003Cp>Discover who has been ranked as the top legal talent in this year’s guide.\u003C/p>\n","portrait_image":false,"landscape_image":{"image_xxl":false,"image_xl":false,"image_lg":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/01145407/Untitled-design-2024-03-01T145352.606.png","image_md":false,"image_default":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/01145407/Untitled-design-2024-03-01T145352.606.png"},"content_color":"dark","layout":"horizontal","image_anchor":{"horizontal":"left","vertical":"top"},"button_text":"Register now","button_link":"https://us02web.zoom.us/webinar/register/5917079970865/WN_fl_0GM91QLubOal5jOSPlg","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},"cta_banner":{"show_banner":true,"badge":"","banner_text":"Chambers Autumn Release is now live ","banner_link_text":"Learn more","banner_link":"/release","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true}},{"section_id":"nav-products-menu","nav_subsections":[{"subsection_title":"Amplify your presence","subsection_id":"nav-products-menu-amplify-presence","width":"3","columns":"1","subsection_links":[{"link_text":"Profile Platform","link_url":"/products/firm-profiles","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":true,"column_break":false,"extended_content":true,"link_description":"Amplify your ranking and be more discoverable","link_overview":"\u003Cp>Includes:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>Online Profile\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Referee Management\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Research Analytics\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli>Marketing Toolkit\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Plaques","link_url":"/products/plaques-and-recognitions","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":true,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true}]},{"subsection_title":"Improve your performance","subsection_id":"nav-products-menu-improve-performance","width":"3","columns":"1","subsection_links":[{"link_text":"Insight","link_url":"/products/chambers-insight","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":true,"column_break":false,"extended_content":true,"link_description":"Improve your ranking with unique market insight","link_overview":"\u003Cp data-renderer-start-pos=\"911\">Includes:\u003C/p>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli data-renderer-start-pos=\"1032\">Client and Market Intelligence\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli data-renderer-start-pos=\"1032\">Client Intelligence\u003C/li>\n\u003Cli data-renderer-start-pos=\"1032\">Rankings Data Hub\u003C/li>\n\u003C/ul>\n","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Business Intelligence","link_url":"/products/business-intelligence ","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":true,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true}]},{"subsection_title":"Showcase your expertise","subsection_id":"nav-products-menu-showcase-expertise","width":"3","columns":"1","subsection_links":[{"link_text":"Global Practice Guides Contributions","link_url":"/products/global-practice-guide-author ","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":true,"column_break":false,"extended_content":true,"link_description":"Highlight your subject matter expertise ","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Expert Focus","link_url":"/expert-focus","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":true,"column_break":false,"extended_content":true,"link_description":"Provide commentary on key legal matters","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"In-depth Overviews","link_url":"/products/indepth-overviews ","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":true,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Events Sponsorship","link_url":"/products/events-sponsorship","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":true,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Global Practice Guides","link_url":"https://practiceguides.chambers.com/practicearea","badge":"","external_link":true,"bold_font":true,"column_break":false,"extended_content":true,"link_description":"View our latest publications","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true}]},{"subsection_title":"Elevate your talent strategies","subsection_id":"nav-products-menu-other-sites","width":"3","columns":"1","subsection_links":[{"link_text":"Chambers Talent","link_url":"https://chambers.com/products/chambers-talent","badge":"New","external_link":false,"bold_font":true,"column_break":false,"extended_content":true,"link_description":"Access a range of ways to gain valuable insights to inform talent strategies ","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Leading Teams","link_url":"https://chambers.com/products/leading-teams","badge":"New","external_link":false,"bold_font":true,"column_break":false,"extended_content":true,"link_description":"Heighten your understanding of and identify the key drivers of talent retention and motivation","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Chambers Student","link_url":"https://www.chambersstudent.co.uk/","badge":"","external_link":true,"bold_font":true,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Chambers Associate","link_url":"https://www.chambers-associate.com/","badge":"","external_link":true,"bold_font":true,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true}]}],"banner":{"show_banner":false,"title":"Chambers Insights","content":"\u003Cp>Gain a data-driven view of your firm’s perception and position in the market with our reports.\u003C/p>\n","portrait_image":false,"landscape_image":{"image_xxl":false,"image_xl":false,"image_lg":false,"image_md":false,"image_default":false},"content_color":"light","layout":"horizontal","image_anchor":{"horizontal":"center","vertical":"center"},"button_text":"Learn more","button_link":"/products/chambers-insight","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},"cta_banner":{"show_banner":true,"badge":"","banner_text":"Chambers Autumn Release is now live ","banner_link_text":"Learn more","banner_link":"/release","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true}},{"section_id":"nav-submissions-menu","nav_subsections":[{"subsection_title":"Submissions","subsection_id":"nav-submissions-menu-submissions","width":"4","columns":"1","subsection_links":[{"link_text":"Guide Launch Dates","link_url":"/info/guide-launch-dates","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Methodology","link_url":"/about-us/methodology","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Research Schedule","link_url":"/about-us/research-schedule/","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":true,"use_client_routing":false},{"link_text":"Research Team","link_url":"/about-us/the-research-team","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},{"link_text":"Submissions Process","link_url":"/info/submissions","badge":"","external_link":false,"bold_font":false,"column_break":false,"extended_content":false,"link_description":"","link_overview":"","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true}]}],"banner":{"show_banner":false,"title":"Chambers Latin America Submissions 2025","content":"\u003Cp>The next deadline is 4 March 2024.\u003C/p>\n","portrait_image":false,"landscape_image":{"image_xxl":false,"image_xl":false,"image_lg":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/01143034/Untitled-design-2024-03-01T142914.937.png","image_md":false,"image_default":"https://assets.chambers.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/01143034/Untitled-design-2024-03-01T142914.937.png"},"content_color":"dark","layout":"horizontal","image_anchor":{"horizontal":"right","vertical":"center"},"button_text":"Submit now","button_link":"https://identity.chambers.com/account/login","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true},"cta_banner":{"show_banner":true,"badge":"","banner_text":"Chambers Autumn Release is now live ","banner_link_text":"Learn more","banner_link":"/release","custom_routing_config":false,"use_client_routing":true}}],"showFrom":"2023-08-08T12:42:41+00:00","showUntil":"2020-08-21T23:00:00+00:00"}},"https://api.chambers.com/api/overviews/5826":{"contributors":[],"id":5826,"logo":"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","description":"Lennox Paton","descriptionSort":"LENNOXPATON","title":"BAHAMAS: An Introduction to Offshore: Trusts","editorial":"\u003Cp>\u003Cb>Offshore Trusts in The Bahamas \u003C/b> \u003C/p>\u003Cp>The Commonwealth of The Bahamas is enjoying slow steady growth in its GDP, fuelled by significant tourism inflows. Government debt equated to 83.4% of GDP at the end of December 2023, representing a significant improvement compared to the 100.4% of GDP at the end of June 2021.The Ministry of Tourism announced that there were 9,654, 838 visitors in 2023 – 1,719,980 by air and 7,934,858 by sea. These latter visitors will increase as more – and larger – cruise ships take advantage of the redeveloped enlarged Nassau Cruise Port. Major airlines have increased the number of scheduled flights, and some small airlines have begun to service some of the outlying islands. Luxury hotels at Bahamar and at Atlantis, Paradise Island, have very good occupancy rates and spending per room. An extensive range of luxury condos and villas is available for rent or purchase. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>The Bahamas’ experience as a visitor and the ease of accessing The Bahamas by air (especially from North America), coupled with The Bahamas having no income tax (other than a 15% corporate income tax for multinational enterprises earning over EUR75 million annually, from the fiscal year 2024–25), no capital gains tax or inheritance tax and having many well-known banks and trust companies, have led to The Bahamas becoming a leading offshore trust jurisdiction. As such, it is used for the creation of trusts governed by flexible Bahamian trust law, for accepting foreign trusts being converted into more flexible Bahamian trusts, for the administration of trusts and for helpful recourse to its courts. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>Normally, one thinks of a court as fulfilling a stern disciplinary role concerned, for example, with breaches of trust, but a court having jurisdiction over trusts also has a significant, paternalistic advisory role to enable the successful smooth running of a trust over a lengthy period. In the latter role, the court’s advice to the trustee as to the extent of the trustee’s powers and as to whether the proposed exercise of a power is within the proper scope of said power will protect the trustee if it is acting in accordance with the advice and has not misled the court. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>It is very helpful that confidential, private arbitration of disputes with chosen specialist arbitrators has been possible since the Trustee (Amendment) Act 2011 if expressly provided for in the trust instrument by the settlor, despite the absence of the normally required binding agreement to arbitrate between all interested parties and the need for a court to provide representation for beneficiaries if they are minors, unborn, unascertained or lacking in mental capacity. In Volpi v Delanson Services Ltd and Volpi, Klein J on 28 December 2023 provided an extensive reserved judgment of 627 paragraphs investigating the limited extent to which recourse can be made to the courts to challenge an arbitration award under the 2011 Act and the Arbitration Act 2009. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>Klein J confirmed the award, finding that there were no serious irregularities giving rise to substantial injustice, and holding that Section 91 of the 2009 Act excluded the ability to seek leave to appeal the award on questions of law: “The only route of appeal on points of law is the parties’ express opt-in by consent.” This needs to be at the outset, with a winning party being unlikely to risk losing if a point of law already decided in their favour is appealed. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>As Volpi shows, very flexible trust structures can be created with a range of underlying companies or foundations. High net worth individuals generate much wealth and may seek to create a charitable trust for a favoured good cause, and to provide a dynastic wealth trust structure for their families over a specific period or indefinitely. However, the trustee or the head of the family from time to time may be given power to distribute assets to other trusts or create sub-trusts, or to make outright gifts to beneficiaries. High net worth individuals who create trusts in their lifetime may avoid the need for a public grant of probate on their death in respect of trust assets, and may ensure that their wealth does not pass directly to their children to be dissipated. Indeed, an older generation of beneficiaries with the assistance of the trustee may keep a younger generation ignorant of their status as discretionary beneficiaries of a very valuable trust fund, so that they study and work hard for qualifications that help in the success of companies held within the trust fund. If a high net worth individual's patrimony on death would be subject to forced heirship rights, these rights may be avoided if assets are held in a trust in a common law jurisdiction with protection provided by legislation like the Bahamian Trusts (Choice of Governing Law) Act 1989 as amended in 2016. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>A company carrying on trust business needs to be licensed under the Banks and Trust Companies Regulation Act 2020, unless it is a “Private Trust Company” acting as trustee of a private family trust, when family members may be directors of such trust company. Trustees hold a ring-fenced fund protecting the fund from the trustees’ creditors, except for debts incurred by the trustee acting as such. Usually, the settlor and the other beneficiaries will only be the objects of a discretionary power to distribute to them (or to trustees for them) income or capital, so that all they have is the hope of receiving a distribution of income or capital from the trustee or another person named in the trust instrument as having power to make such a distribution. Such a hope is not the property of a discretionary beneficiary against which their judgment creditor can levy execution to obtain payment of the beneficiary’s debt. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>The exercise of a power to benefit a discretionary beneficiary can also require the written consent of a designated person. Such consent may be withheld at a personal whim without giving reasons or may only be withheld if the consent giver considers that the exerciser of the power has not made a fully informed decision, taking account of relevant factors and ignoring irrelevant factors. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>To keep up with high global regulatory standards to prevent fraud, tax evasion and money laundering, The Bahamas has enacted much legislation over the last four years so as not to be on the EU List of Non-cooperative jurisdictions for tax purposes. It is participating in the OECD Pillar 2 Tax Framework that includes the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting Inclusive Framework, having enacted the Commercial Entities (Substance Requirements) Act 2023 supported by Regulations and Guidance Notes. Moreover, in the fiscal year 2024-2025 The Bahamas will introduce the Qualified Domestic Minimum Top-Up Tax, a corporate income tax of 15% in respect of multinational enterprises earning more than EUR750 million annually. It is estimated that this will produce USD140 million annually and will help the government with its plans to improve the airports on outlying islands, facilitating greater access. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>A Securities Industry Bill 2024 is currently before Parliament, and is a holistic overhaul of the Securities Industry Act 2011, replacing it with an updated and modernised securities industry framework to ensure that the relevant laws are current and competitive, and reflect international best practice. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>A Digital Assets and Registered Exchanges Bill is also before Parliament, to replace the 2020 Act of that name. It takes a proactive approach to improving the current regime by introducing a robust framework with greater focus on the protection of consumers and investors, as well as market development and innovation. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>The FTX cryptocurrency insolvency in November 2022 attracted unwanted attention for The Bahamas, but it needs to be noted that the statutory framework led to a sufficiently early intervention in The Bahamas and then the USA, which resulted in there being more than enough to satisfy creditors. The above 2024 Bills, however, when duly enacted, will provide a stronger statutory framework for the protection of investors. \u003C/p>\u003Cp>The Bahamas provides a safe nourishing environment for growing wealth, while being a very pleasant place to live, work or holiday, with very good international communications and skilled experienced bodies of lawyers, trustees, bankers, accountants and investment managers keen to have their experience utilised. \u003C/p>","organisationId":2902,"publicationTypeId":21,"publicationTypeDescription":"HNW","publicationDescription":null,"publicationTypeGroupId":21,"locationId":26,"practiceAreaId":1476,"subsectionTypeId":1,"profile":"\n Lennox Paton is a leading offshore, full-service commercial law firm providing services to clients in relation to B ...","pfOtype":null,"rankingRouteParam":"high-net-worth","rankingRouterLink":["/legal-rankings","offshore-trusts-bahamas-21:1476:26:1"],"organisationRouteParam":"lennox-paton-high-net-worth-21:2902","organisationRouterLink":["/law-firm","lennox-paton-high-net-worth-21:2902"]},"https://api.chambers.com/api/publications/21/practiceareas/1476/locations/26/lookups":{"publicationTypeGroups":[{"isLocationBased":true,"sortOrder":1,"isRegional":true,"category":"Regional","categoryId":1,"id":2,"description":"Global","descriptionUrlSafe":"global"},{"isLocationBased":true,"sortOrder":2,"isRegional":true,"category":"Regional","categoryId":1,"id":8,"description":"Asia-Pacific","descriptionUrlSafe":"asia-pacific"},{"isLocationBased":true,"sortOrder":3,"isRegional":true,"category":"Regional","categoryId":1,"id":95,"description":"Brazil","descriptionUrlSafe":"brazil"},{"isLocationBased":false,"sortOrder":4,"isRegional":true,"category":"Regional","categoryId":1,"id":20,"description":"Canada","descriptionUrlSafe":"canada"},{"isLocationBased":true,"sortOrder":5,"isRegional":true,"category":"Regional","categoryId":1,"id":7,"description":"Europe","descriptionUrlSafe":"europe"},{"isLocationBased":true,"sortOrder":6,"isRegional":true,"category":"Regional","categoryId":1,"id":116,"description":"Greater China Region","descriptionUrlSafe":"greater-china-region"},{"isLocationBased":true,"sortOrder":7,"isRegional":true,"category":"Regional","categoryId":1,"id":9,"description":"Latin America","descriptionUrlSafe":"latin-america"},{"isLocationBased":false,"sortOrder":8,"isRegional":true,"category":"Regional","categoryId":1,"id":1,"description":"UK","descriptionUrlSafe":"uk"},{"isLocationBased":false,"sortOrder":9,"isRegional":true,"category":"Regional","categoryId":1,"id":14,"description":"UK Bar","descriptionUrlSafe":"uk-bar"},{"isLocationBased":true,"sortOrder":10,"isRegional":true,"category":"Regional","categoryId":1,"id":5,"description":"USA","descriptionUrlSafe":"usa"},{"isLocationBased":true,"sortOrder":1,"isRegional":false,"category":"Specialist","categoryId":2,"id":94,"description":"NewLaw","descriptionUrlSafe":"newlaw"},{"isLocationBased":true,"sortOrder":2,"isRegional":false,"category":"Specialist","categoryId":2,"id":96,"description":"Crisis & Risk Management","descriptionUrlSafe":"crisis-risk-management"},{"isLocationBased":true,"sortOrder":3,"isRegional":false,"category":"Specialist","categoryId":2,"id":49,"description":"FinTech","descriptionUrlSafe":"fintech"},{"isLocationBased":true,"sortOrder":4,"isRegional":false,"category":"Specialist","categoryId":2,"id":77,"description":"GC Influencers","descriptionUrlSafe":"gc-influencers"},{"isLocationBased":true,"sortOrder":5,"isRegional":false,"category":"Specialist","categoryId":2,"id":21,"description":"High Net Worth","descriptionUrlSafe":"high-net-worth"},{"isLocationBased":true,"sortOrder":8,"isRegional":false,"category":"Specialist","categoryId":2,"id":58,"description":"Litigation Support","descriptionUrlSafe":"litigation-support"},{"isLocationBased":true,"sortOrder":1,"isRegional":false,"category":"Spotlight","categoryId":3,"id":120,"description":"USA: Spotlight","descriptionUrlSafe":"usa-spotlight"}],"locations":[{"id":15649,"description":"Global-wide"},{"id":19,"description":"Argentina"},{"id":23,"description":"Australia"},{"id":24,"description":"Austria"},{"id":26,"description":"Bahamas"},{"id":32,"description":"Belgium"},{"id":35,"description":"Bermuda"},{"id":37,"description":"Bolivia"},{"id":41,"description":"Brazil"},{"id":42,"description":"British Virgin Islands"},{"id":50,"description":"Canada"},{"id":53,"description":"Cayman Islands"},{"id":59,"description":"Chile"},{"id":60,"description":"China"},{"id":61,"description":"Colombia"},{"id":68,"description":"Cyprus"},{"id":69,"description":"Czech Republic"},{"id":70,"description":"Denmark"},{"id":78,"description":"Estonia"},{"id":85,"description":"Finland"},{"id":86,"description":"France"},{"id":92,"description":"Germany"},{"id":94,"description":"Gibraltar"},{"id":96,"description":"Greece"},{"id":100,"description":"Guatemala"},{"id":101,"description":"Guernsey"},{"id":108,"description":"Hungary"},{"id":110,"description":"India"},{"id":111,"description":"Indonesia"},{"id":114,"description":"Ireland"},{"id":115,"description":"Isle of Man"},{"id":116,"description":"Israel"},{"id":117,"description":"Italy"},{"id":119,"description":"Japan"},{"id":120,"description":"Jersey"},{"id":123,"description":"Kenya"},{"id":128,"description":"Latvia"},{"id":133,"description":"Liechtenstein"},{"id":134,"description":"Lithuania"},{"id":135,"description":"Luxembourg"},{"id":139,"description":"Malaysia"},{"id":141,"description":"Malta"},{"id":143,"description":"Mauritius"},{"id":144,"description":"Mexico"},{"id":147,"description":"Monaco"},{"id":155,"description":"Netherlands"},{"id":158,"description":"New Zealand"},{"id":164,"description":"Norway"},{"id":168,"description":"Panama"},{"id":171,"description":"Peru"},{"id":173,"description":"Poland"},{"id":174,"description":"Portugal"},{"id":188,"description":"Singapore"},{"id":192,"description":"South Africa"},{"id":193,"description":"South Korea"},{"id":194,"description":"Spain"},{"id":203,"description":"Sweden"},{"id":204,"description":"Switzerland"},{"id":219,"description":"Turks & Caicos"},{"id":16343,"description":"UK: Aberdeen and surrounds"},{"id":16363,"description":"UK: Birmingham and surrounds"},{"id":16369,"description":"UK: Brighton and surrounds"},{"id":16380,"description":"UK: Bristol and surrounds"},{"id":16365,"description":"UK: Cambridge and surrounds"},{"id":16350,"description":"UK: Carlisle and surrounds"},{"id":16379,"description":"UK: Cheltenham and surrounds"},{"id":16352,"description":"UK: Chester and surrounds"},{"id":16483,"description":"UK: Cornwall"},{"id":16359,"description":"UK: Coventry and surrounds"},{"id":16340,"description":"UK: Crawley and surrounds"},{"id":16354,"description":"UK: Derby and surrounds"},{"id":16342,"description":"UK: Dundee and surrounds"},{"id":17147,"description":"UK: East Anglia"},{"id":16368,"description":"UK: Essex"},{"id":16382,"description":"UK: Exeter and surrounds"},{"id":16341,"description":"UK: Glasgow, Edinburgh and surrounds"},{"id":16372,"description":"UK: Guildford and surrounds"},{"id":16362,"description":"UK: Hereford, Worcester and surrounds"},{"id":16367,"description":"UK: Ipswich and surrounds"},{"id":16370,"description":"UK: Kent"},{"id":16348,"description":"UK: Leeds, Bradford and surrounds"},{"id":16357,"description":"UK: Leicester and surrounds"},{"id":16356,"description":"UK: Lincoln and surrounds"},{"id":16351,"description":"UK: Liverpool and surrounds"},{"id":11841,"description":"UK: London (Bar)"},{"id":11814,"description":"UK: London (Firms)"},{"id":16373,"description":"UK: Luton and surrounds"},{"id":16353,"description":"UK: Manchester and surrounds"},{"id":16346,"description":"UK: Middlesbrough and surrounds"},{"id":11815,"description":"UK: Midlands"},{"id":16374,"description":"UK: Milton Keynes and surrounds"},{"id":17370,"description":"UK: National Leaders (outside London)"},{"id":16344,"description":"UK: Newcastle and surrounds"},{"id":16358,"description":"UK: Northampton and surrounds"},{"id":11817,"description":"UK: North East & Yorkshire"},{"id":11820,"description":"UK: Northern Ireland"},{"id":17138,"description":"UK: North West"},{"id":16366,"description":"UK: Norwich and surrounds"},{"id":16355,"description":"UK: Nottingham and surrounds"},{"id":16375,"description":"UK: Oxford and surrounds"},{"id":16364,"description":"UK: Peterborough and surrounds"},{"id":16383,"description":"UK: Plymouth and surrounds"},{"id":16376,"description":"UK: Reading and surrounds"},{"id":11822,"description":"UK: Scotland"},{"id":16349,"description":"UK: Sheffield and surrounds"},{"id":16361,"description":"UK: Shrewsbury and surrounds"},{"id":16381,"description":"UK: Somerset"},{"id":16371,"description":"UK: Southampton and surrounds"},{"id":17149,"description":"UK: South West"},{"id":16360,"description":"UK: Stoke and surrounds"},{"id":16345,"description":"UK: Sunderland and surrounds"},{"id":16378,"description":"UK: Swindon and surrounds"},{"id":17148,"description":"UK: Thames Valley"},{"id":17139,"description":"UK: The South"},{"id":11805,"description":"UK: UK-wide"},{"id":11837,"description":"UK: Wales"},{"id":17134,"description":"UK: Watford, Uxbridge and surrounds"},{"id":16405,"description":"UK: Wolverhampton and the Black Country"},{"id":16347,"description":"UK: York, Hull and surrounds"},{"id":223,"description":"United Arab Emirates"},{"id":226,"description":"Uruguay"},{"id":11883,"description":"USA: Alabama"},{"id":11887,"description":"USA: Alaska"},{"id":11933,"description":"USA: Arizona"},{"id":11934,"description":"USA: Arkansas"},{"id":12059,"description":"USA: California"},{"id":16027,"description":"USA: California: Northern"},{"id":16028,"description":"USA: California: Southern"},{"id":12165,"description":"USA: Colorado"},{"id":12169,"description":"USA: Connecticut"},{"id":12233,"description":"USA: Delaware"},{"id":12246,"description":"USA: District of Columbia"},{"id":12326,"description":"USA: Florida"},{"id":12350,"description":"USA: Georgia"},{"id":12422,"description":"USA: Hawaii"},{"id":12465,"description":"USA: Idaho"},{"id":12471,"description":"USA: Illinois"},{"id":12474,"description":"USA: Indiana"},{"id":12480,"description":"USA: Iowa"},{"id":12530,"description":"USA: Kansas"},{"id":12546,"description":"USA: Kentucky"},{"id":12648,"description":"USA: Louisiana"},{"id":12676,"description":"USA: Maine"},{"id":12700,"description":"USA: Maryland"},{"id":12703,"description":"USA: Massachusetts"},{"id":12728,"description":"USA: Michigan"},{"id":12737,"description":"USA: Minnesota"},{"id":12742,"description":"USA: Mississippi"},{"id":12743,"description":"USA: Missouri"},{"id":12751,"description":"USA: Montana"},{"id":12795,"description":"USA: Nebraska"},{"id":12799,"description":"USA: Nevada"},{"id":12801,"description":"USA: New Hampshire"},{"id":12802,"description":"USA: New Jersey"},{"id":12803,"description":"USA: New Mexico"},{"id":12806,"description":"USA: New York"},{"id":12829,"description":"USA: North Carolina"},{"id":12831,"description":"USA: North Dakota"},{"id":12876,"description":"USA: Ohio"},{"id":12881,"description":"USA: Oklahoma"},{"id":12891,"description":"USA: Oregon"},{"id":12931,"description":"USA: Pennsylvania"},{"id":13011,"description":"USA: Rhode Island"},{"id":13143,"description":"USA: South Carolina"},{"id":13144,"description":"USA: South Dakota"},{"id":13233,"description":"USA: Tennessee"},{"id":13235,"description":"USA: Texas"},{"id":12788,"description":"USA: USA - Nationwide"},{"id":13289,"description":"USA: Utah"},{"id":13329,"description":"USA: Vermont"},{"id":13348,"description":"USA: Virginia"},{"id":13365,"description":"USA: Washington"},{"id":13381,"description":"USA: West Virginia"},{"id":13396,"description":"USA: Wisconsin"},{"id":13399,"description":"USA: Wyoming"}],"practiceAreas":[{"subsectionTypeId":1,"id":1476,"description":"Offshore: Trusts"},{"subsectionTypeId":1,"id":2700,"description":"Trust Companies"}]}}</script><script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'8ec47374acf3603b',t:'MTczMzIzODI4NS4wMDAwMDA='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.nonce='';a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body></html>