Magnitsky-Style Sanctions and Iran’s Crisis of Impunity

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Magnitsky-Style Sanctions and Iran’s Crisis of Impunity</title><link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' />  <meta name="description" content="Governments should recalibrate and leverage Magnitsky-style sanctions to hold Iranian officials accountable for ongoing human rights abuses." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104992/magnitsky-sanctions-iran-impunity-crisis/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Magnitsky-Style Sanctions Are a Precision Measure for Iran’s Crisis of Impunity" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Governments should recalibrate and leverage Magnitsky-style sanctions to hold Iranian 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abuses.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/104992/magnitsky-sanctions-iran-impunity-crisis/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://www.justsecurity.org/104992/magnitsky-sanctions-iran-impunity-crisis/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/104992/magnitsky-sanctions-iran-impunity-crisis/#primaryimage","url":"https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-2181065820.jpg?fit=8256%2C5504&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-2181065820.jpg?fit=8256%2C5504&ssl=1","width":8256,"height":5504,"caption":"A photo taken on October 29, 2024 shows an exterior view of the Iranian Embassy in Berlin, Germany, a day after Iran executed 69-year-old German-Iranian Sharmahd, who was sentenced to death in February 2023 for the capital offence of \"corruption on Earth\". Iran's Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi on October 29 lambasted remarks by his German counterpart Foreign Minister Baerbock criticising Iranian authorities over the execution of dual national Jamshid Sharmahd. On October 29, Berlin summoned Iran's charge d'affaires to \"convey its strong protest against the actions of the Iranian regime\". 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Her work focuses on advancing strategic pathways to accountability and fostering coordinated action across jurisdictions, including through the use of Magnitsky sanctions. Skylar has authored numerous publications and is a frequent contributor to print and broadcast media. She provides expert commentary on Iran and the wider region, the challenges of achieving meaningful accountability, and broader issues in international human rights and criminal law. Previously, she worked on U.S. criminal justice reform and the humanitarian response in Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. She is also active on LinkedIn.","url":"https://www.justsecurity.org/author/thompsonskylar/"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/#/schema/person/a747b2396ede57ee611e5c8f55a6fbac","name":"Natalia Kubesch","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://www.justsecurity.org/#/schema/person/image/305393abd0cc60fdc81df0d3cd4c8e58","url":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0a623e91c5439178d2d137bc7ef48eeb?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0a623e91c5439178d2d137bc7ef48eeb?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Natalia Kubesch"},"description":"Natalia Kubesch is a Legal Officer at REDRESS, an international human rights organization that represents victims of torture to obtain justice and reparation. Natalia focuses on asset recovery and the repurposing of assets frozen under Magnitsky Sanctions for the purpose of human rights reparations. Prior to this, Natalia practiced at two large international law firms in London, working on complex financial crime investigations and litigations, and advised on compliance with international sanction regimes. 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background-position:center center;"> <div class="overlay"></div> <div class="pagewidth pw1400"> <div class="title-wrap"> <h1>Magnitsky-Style Sanctions Are a Precision Measure for Iran’s Crisis of Impunity </h1> </div> </div> </div><div class="columns-wrap pagewidth pw1400 clearfix"><div id="secondary-left" class="secondary"><p class="authors">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/thompsonskylar/" title="Profile and articles by Skylar Thompson" class="author url fn" rel="author">Skylar Thompson</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kubeschnatalia/" title="Profile and articles by Natalia Kubesch" class="author url fn" rel="author">Natalia Kubesch</a></p><p class="date">November 21, 2024</p><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-twitter"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-twitter-104992" class="share-twitter sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104992/magnitsky-sanctions-iran-impunity-crisis/?share=twitter" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Twitter" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-facebook-104992" class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104992/magnitsky-sanctions-iran-impunity-crisis/?share=facebook" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Facebook" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-linkedin"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-linkedin-104992" class="share-linkedin sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104992/magnitsky-sanctions-iran-impunity-crisis/?share=linkedin" target="_blank" title="Click to share on LinkedIn" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-reddit"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-reddit sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104992/magnitsky-sanctions-iran-impunity-crisis/?share=reddit" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Reddit" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-print"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="" class="share-print sd-button share-icon no-text" href="https://www.justsecurity.org/104992/magnitsky-sanctions-iran-impunity-crisis/#print" target="_blank" title="Click to print" ><span></span><span class="sharing-screen-reader-text">Click to print (Opens in new window)</span></a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="post-tags"><h3>Filed under:</h3><p><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/accountability/" rel="tag">Accountability</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/diplomacy/" rel="tag">Diplomacy</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/european-union/" rel="tag">European Union</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/global-magnitsky-act/" rel="tag">Global Magnitsky Act</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/human-rights/" rel="tag">Human Rights</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/international/" rel="tag">international</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/international-justice/" rel="tag">international justice</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/iran/" rel="tag">Iran</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/jurisdiction/" rel="tag">Jurisdiction</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/magnitsky-act/" rel="tag">Magnitsky Act</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/sanctions/" rel="tag">sanctions</a></p></div></div><main id="primary" tabindex="-1" class="content-body clearfix" role="main"><article class="client-ui clearfix"><div class="print-authors"><p class="authors">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/thompsonskylar/" title="Profile and articles by Skylar Thompson" class="author url fn" rel="author">Skylar Thompson</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kubeschnatalia/" title="Profile and articles by Natalia Kubesch" class="author url fn" rel="author">Natalia Kubesch</a></p><p class="date">November 21, 2024</p></div><p>Following the October 2024 <a href="https://www.en-hrana.org/iranian-german-dual-citizen-jamshid-sharmahd-executed/">execution</a> of German-Iranian dual citizen Jamshid Sharmahd, Germany responded with decisive diplomatic measures. These <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/">included</a> closing Iranian consulates in Frankfurt, Hamburg, and Munich, summoning Iran’s chargé d’affaires, and recalling its ambassador from Tehran for consultations. Meanwhile, Tehran is now <a href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c9vng4j2jjdo">denying</a> the execution took place at all.</p> <p>In the wake of high-profile human rights abuses, immediate responses often focus on prominent diplomatic actions. While these measures signal resolve, they represent only part of what should be a broader strategy.</p> <p>In Germany’s case, these measures, though significant, fell short of delivering justice to Sharmahd’s family or addressing Iran’s broader pattern of human rights abuses. Diplomatic gestures alone lack the impact of being paired with concrete measures – such as Magnitsky-style sanctions – that directly target individuals responsible for human rights violations. This is especially critical in Iran, where domestic judicial accountability is absent and the very figures charged with upholding justice are often those perpetrating abuses.</p> <p>Without a comprehensive survivor-centered approach, diplomatic responses risk prioritizing the appearance of accountability over addressing the actual rights and needs of victims and their families. Genuine justice requires moving beyond symbolic gestures to implement tangible, survivor-centered actions that reflect a true commitment to accountability.</p> <p>Magnitsky-style sanctions provide a principled and practical framework for accountability. At least one individual <a href="http://isna.ir/xdL7vB">involved</a> in Sharmahd’s case – <a href="https://spreadingjustice.org/individual-violator/sj58044/">Behrouz Hasani-Etemad</a>, Head of Branch 7 of the Security Public and Revolutionary Prosecutor’s Office of Tehran and the prosecutor’s representative during Sharmahd’s trial – could be proposed by Germany for EU Magnitsky-style designations.</p> <p>With November recognized as “<a href="https://humanrightsfirst.org/magnitsky-month/">Magnitsky Month</a>,” this is a timely opportunity for governments to recalibrate their strategies and leverage Magnitsky-style sanctions to hold Iranian officials accountable for their ongoing human rights abuses.</p> <h2>Chasing Accountability for Human Rights Violations in Iran</h2> <p>During the twelve months leading up to October 2024, when Sharmahd was executed, Iran carried out over 810 executions, marking the highest annual total in a decade.</p> <p>The surge included more than 25 women, who are also being <a href="https://www.hra-iran.org/irans-new-hijab-bill-stirs-controversy-and-concern/">sentenced</a> to mandatory psychological care centers and <a href="https://www.rferl.org/a/iran-hijab-law-punishment-clean-public-spaces/32468013.html">forced</a> labor for defying the country’s revamped enforced hijab laws, which took <a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/10/14/iran-new-hijab-law-adds-restrictions-and-punishments">effect</a> after long legislative delays in September. Meanwhile, courts continue to impose corporal punishment – just last month two brothers were subjected to amputation for theft. In a court <a href="https://t.co/WQ4dKx2JsN">document,</a> one brother stated, “<em>I am a thief, but not in the way the police said, they forced me to confess to that number</em>.”</p> <p>Reports of arbitrary detention, torture, suppression of peaceful protests, and severe restrictions on freedom of expression and assembly have become disturbingly <a href="https://www.en-hrana.org/monthly-report-october-2024-human-rights-situation-in-iran/">routine</a> in Iran. The government’s strict enforcement of restrictive social norms has led to a sharp increase in <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/09/iran-intensifying-efforts-repress-women-and-girls-second-anniversary-nation">gender-based violence</a>, particularly against women resisting the regime’s dress codes. Ethnic and religious minorities also continue to <a href="https://news.bahai.org/story/1755/">endure</a> entrenched discrimination, compounding an already dire human rights crisis. United Nations experts and civil society organizations have <a href="https://www.hra-iran.org/executive-summary-crimes-against-humanity-in-iran-political-and-gender-persecution-2/">found</a> credible evidence that these abuses constitute widespread and systematic crimes, rising to the level of <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/03/iran-institutional-discrimination-against-women-and-girls-enabled-human">crimes against humanity</a>.</p> <p>The establishment of a U.N. Fact-Finding Mission on Iran <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/ffm-iran/index">(FFMI)</a> to document these crimes was an important step toward justice. However, its mandate’s inability to take direct action on its findings leaves a critical gap in accountability. To close this gap, States should use all available tools, including Magnitsky-style sanctions, to target those responsible for Iran’s human rights violations, particularly individuals identified by investigative mechanisms like the FFMI.</p> <h2>The Case for Magnitsky-Style Sanctions</h2> <p>Governments such as the United States, United Kingdom, EU, Australia, and Canada, have established Global Magnitsky-style sanctions regimes to target individuals and entities involved in human rights abuses and corruption. Unlike broad-based sanctions that impact entire sectors or populations, <a href="https://humanrightsfirst.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Multilateral-Magnitsky-Sanctions-at-Five-Years_November-2022.pdf">Magnitsky-style sanctions</a> focus on specific perpetrators, applying pressure on them without harming the civilian population. These sanctions can be imposed on State actors and individuals, and when coordinated internationally, they offer a powerful mechanism to combat human rights violations globally.</p> <p>Magnitsky-style sanctions <a href="https://redress.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/Evaluating-Targeted-Sanctions.pdf">offer</a> several key advantages:</p> <p>1. <strong>Public Accountability</strong>: Magnitsky-style sanctions publicly name perpetrators, damaging their international reputation. This serves as both a punishment and a symbolic acknowledgment of victims’ suffering. Survivors and activists in Iran interviewed by Human Rights Activists in Iran <a href="https://www.hra-iran.org/">(HRA)</a>, where one of us works, have described these sanctions as “<em>a glimmer of hope,</em>” validating their experiences and demonstrating that the international community is taking action. A mother of a student who went missing during nationwide protests in 2022 shared, “<em>Every time such a sanction is imposed, I feel like my child’s disappearance isn’t forgotten – there is a sense of validation</em>.”</p> <p>In a separate conversation, a former prisoner told HRA, <em>“It feels reassuring. It’s important to know that these violations aren’t going unnoticed, it also brings forward the realization of how deep-rooted the issues are and we see that when they are named there is shame.</em>”</p> <p>2. <strong>Deterring Human Rights Violations:</strong> Magnitsky-style sanctions further directly target the personal and financial interests of perpetrators – freezing assets, blocking access to financial markets, and imposing travel bans. While anecdotal, survivors of human rights abuses in Iran have reported that Magnitsky-style sanctions may have had some deterrent effect. For example, a former detainee, released after Iran’s Supreme Leader <a href="https://www.npr.org/2023/02/05/1154584532/iran-acknowledges-it-has-detained-tens-of-thousands-in-recent-protests">ordered</a> an amnesty for “tens of thousands” of prisoners in February 2023, shared with HRA how sanctions changed prison conditions:</p> <p>“<em>Every time new sanctions were announced the guard’s behavior changed, especially those with lower ranks. (…) We took advantage of this situation and put forward demands such as the provision of some equipment that would not normally be agreed to, but affected by the atmosphere, the officials of [redacted] prison seemed to be afraid and agree to our demands.”</em> This suggests that sanctions can influence lower-ranking officials, potentially deterring further violations<em>.</em></p> <p>The individual also suggested that Iran’s decision to pardon a significant number of political prisoners was triggered by international condemnation including strong, coordinated sanctions against Iranian officials involved in the regime’s human rights abuses, noting that: <em>“I even think that our freedom, which took place under the name of amnesty, was also a result of the message of the international community to the Iranian Government with the means of sanctioning and naming human rights violators</em>.<em>” </em></p> <p>3. <strong>D</strong><strong>isrupting Regime-Backed Corruption and Financial Ecosystems: </strong>Additionally, Magnitsky-style sanctions can target the financial structures that sustain oppressive regimes. By designating entities such as front companies and State-owned enterprises operated by regime officials, which facilitate corruption, sanctions can strike at the economic foundations that enable abuses. This approach not only cuts off critical resources but also reinforces the message that those facilitating human rights violations will face accountability. This disruption in tandem also exposes the true nature of these businesses to the Iranian public.</p> <p>4. <strong>Acknowledging </strong><strong>Abuses in the Absence of Domestic Accountability:</strong> Magnitsky-style sanctions can serve to acknowledge abuses where domestic recognition is absent<em>. </em>In Iran, where human rights abuses are effectively endorsed by the State and the Supreme Leader controls the head of the judiciary, victims have virtually no recourse for justice. Similarly, despite repeated <a href="https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/ahrc5562-situation-human-rights-islamic-republic-iran-report-special">calls</a> from the U.N. and the international community, efforts to halt Iran’s abuses have so far failed. Magnitsky-style sanctions play a critical role in documenting human rights abuses, creating essential records that can support future international legal efforts. The U.S. <a href="https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0969">designations</a> following Mahsa Zhina Amini’s death in detention were groundbreaking examples in this regard, as they were the first to recognize violations against a single female victim publicly.</p> <h2>Evidence of Political Will</h2> <p>International support for Magnitsky-style sanctions targeting perpetrators of human rights abuses in Iran is growing. In the UK, lawmakers from all major parties recently <a href="https://hansard.parliament.uk/commons/2024-10-23/debates/53DA91BF-286B-436C-AC1A-BE262804C74F/SanctionsIran">expressed</a> strong support for Magnitsky-style sanctions to hold Iranian officials accountable for the regime’s widespread abuses, including executions, extrajudicial killings, torture, and gender persecution<em>. </em>The UK Sanctions Minister Stephen Doughty subsequently reaffirmed the UK’s commitment to using targeted sanctions to address these violations of international law.</p> <p>In the United States, as Donald Trump prepares to assume office, he has the opportunity to move beyond the “maximum pressure” campaign of his previous term, which caused severe hardship for the Iranian people without changing the Iranian regime’s behavior.</p> <p>Bipartisan support for Magnitsky-style sanctions on Iran in the United States has remained strong, with the program’s authority only <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2022/11/28/memorandum-on-promoting-accountability-for-conflict-related-sexual-violence/">expanding</a> since its inception.</p> <p>For example, the Mahsa Amini Human Rights and Security Accountability <a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/118th-congress/house-bill/589">(MAHSA) Act</a>, signed into law in April 2024, mandates sanctions on Iran’s Supreme Leader, president, and affiliated entities for human rights abuses and support for terrorism. The MAHSA Act also requires the U.S. president to report to Congress annually on the status of these sanctions, making it harder for future administrations to lift them unilaterally. Similarly, in June 2024, following the death sentence of Iranian rapper Toomaj Salehi, U.S. lawmakers introduced the <a href="https://apnews.com/article/iran-toomaj-salehi-congress-islamic-republic-mahsa-amini-5552df3cb97ff9e89b71f4fb4bc30a6f">TOOMAJ Act</a>. The legislation aimed to impose targeted sanctions on Iranian officials responsible for the severe human rights abuses committed by Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Courts, particularly against political prisoners and protesters, utilizing the Global Magnitsky Act’s provisions to target individuals.</p> <p>However, despite these efforts, gaps remain. While the United States has <a href="https://sanctionslist.ofac.treas.gov/Home/SdnList">designated</a> nearly 300 Iranian individuals and entities for human rights abuses, and the United States, UK, EU, Canada, and Australia <a href="https://www.unitedagainstnucleariran.com/iran_human_rights_sanctions_tracker">collectively</a> have sanctioned over 450 Iranian individuals and entities, many of these designations are not coordinated among the sanctioning States. For <a href="https://www.unitedagainstnucleariran.com/iran_human_rights_sanctions_tracker">instance</a>, of those sanctioned, 230 are designated by the United States but not by Canada, 183 by the United States but not the EU, and 151 by the EU but not the United States.</p> <p>Furthermore, current designations often target high-level figures, while mid-level officials like IRGC interrogator <a href="https://spreadingjustice.org/hrana-has-identified-revolutionary-guard-intelligence-members-raouf-and-sattar/">Ali Hemmatian</a> are overlooked. Hemmatian, known for his history of physical abuse against political prisoners in IRGC detention centers, including Evin Prison, where political prisoners are often held, was <a href="https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/jy0517">designated</a> by the United States in 2021. Magnitsky-style sanctions should target officials across all ranks, including lower-ranking security commanders and judicial officials responsible for prosecuting and executing peaceful protestors and innocent civilians. This broader approach would <a href="https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/human-rights-sanctions-iran-need-more-coordination-and-creativity">apply pressure</a> throughout the regime’s network, sending a clear message that no matter their positions, perpetrators will face consequences. As demonstrated in conversations with victims, targeting mid-level perpetrators like Hemmatian can also bring shame and accountability within their communities. However, as of now, Hemmatian is only designated by the United States. Expanding sanctions to target perpetrators across all ranks would enhance their effectiveness and send a stronger message.</p> <p>Meanwhile, the EU has continued releasing sanctions packages targeting Iranian officials, but designations have solely concerned regional tensions and destabilization.</p> <p>Since September 2023, the EU has not announced any new sanctions packages specifically targeting Iran’s human rights violations. Meanwhile, multiple sanctions packages have been <a href="https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/sanctions-against-iran/timeline-eu-sanctions-against-iran/">introduced</a> “in view of Iran’s military support of Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine.”</p> <p>Addressing human rights violations must remain a standalone priority. While many of the individuals targeted for destabilization designations are also complicit in severe domestic abuses, these efforts should not be conflated. Separate and simultaneous investigations into both areas are not only possible but necessary.</p> <p>Tackling Iran’s destabilizing activities abroad and holding the regime accountable for its abuses at home are both critical but fundamentally distinct objectives. The EU must ensure that accountability for the regime’s crimes against Iranians is not sidelined in favor of broader geopolitical considerations.</p> <p>This discrepancy highlights a missed opportunity for the EU to convey a clearer message about Iran’s ongoing rights abuses. It underscores the need for a more consistent approach to integrating human rights considerations into EU foreign policy.</p> <h2>A Path Forward: What Does Effective Implementation Look Like?</h2> <p>For Magnitsky-style sanctions to effectively deter human rights violations and hold perpetrators accountable in Iran, States should take several specific steps:</p> <p>1.<strong> Cross-jurisdictional alignment</strong> is critical to prevent designated individuals from exploiting legal loopholes. Coordinated action across jurisdictions sends a unified message that impunity for human rights violations in Iran will not be tolerated. As the U.N. has<a href="https://main.un.org/securitycouncil/en/sanctions/information"> stated</a>: “<em>Sanctions do not operate, succeed, or fail in a vacuum. The measures are most effective […] when applied as part of a comprehensive strategy.” </em></p> <p>2. <strong>Designations should be grounded in the experiences of survivors and based on solid evidence </strong>of the targeted individual’s involvement in human rights abuses. To maintain credibility, Magnitsky-style sanctions must be used exclusively for human rights violations, not as a fig leaf for unrelated political purposes. They should be transparent, with clear justifications for each designation, while also protecting the safety of those providing information. Engaging with civil society organizations and survivor groups is key to enhancing the legitimacy, precision, and effectiveness of sanctions. These groups possess critical <a href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/iransource/iran-targeted-human-rights-sanctions-series-civil-society-process/">insights</a> into the broader context of abuses and the networks of perpetrators, helping craft targeted sanctions policies that prioritize accountability and deter future violations. By consistently integrating this information into their decision-making processes, States can ensure that sanctions are timely, accurate, and credible.</p> <p>3. <strong>Magnitsky-style sanctions must be seen as fair and impartial,</strong> especially in Iran, where concerns about Western double standards persist. Western countries are often criticized for not holding officials from allied States accountable for similar violations, making consistency and transparency in sanctioning even more important. Magnitsky-style sanctions must be consistently grounded in human rights considerations, informed by survivor experiences, and applied impartially to strengthen their credibility. Recognizing known abuses in official statements provides vital recognition for victims and creates a record for further accountability measures beyond sanctions should circumstances permit in the future.</p> <p>4. <strong>Magnitsky-style sanctions cannot be viewed in isolation</strong>. While broad country-wide sanctions are intended to target the Iranian regime, they have often <a href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2019/10/29/iran-sanctions-threatening-health">exacerbated</a> socio-economic inequality, weakened civil society, and empowered the regime to pursue repressive policies. To maximize the impact of Magnitsky sanctions, broader sanctions must be regularly reviewed to mitigate their negative effects on civilians. Without such a review, Magnitsky sanctions risk being seen as part of an unjust sanctions regime, undermining their credibility and potentially fueling resentment that could weaken support for targeted accountability efforts.</p> <p>5. <strong>Greater alignment is needed</strong> between the strong condemnation issued by diplomatic missions in Geneva and New York and the actions (or inactions) of their capitals. While diplomats frequently voice <a href="https://www.gov.uk/government/news/un-hrc53-joint-statement-on-human-rights-situation-in-iran">consensus</a> and issue powerful condemnations of Iran’s human rights abuses in multilateral spaces, further action at the country level is often disappointing. Capitals in Europe, the UK, the United States, and Australia have the tools to target individuals and entities responsible for these abuses, but these tools need to be used more consistently, strategically, and in a coordinated manner.</p> <h2>Conclusion</h2> <p>Magnitsky-style sanctions, like any foreign policy tool, should be part of a broader, coordinated strategy to combat impunity for human rights violations in Iran. As one political prisoner in Iran interviewed by HRA put it: “<em>It’s a ray of hope for people like me who suffer under their reign. It may not change things overnight, but it shows us that the world hasn’t turned a blind eye…It symbolizes international recognition of the injustices we face.</em>”</p> <p>In short, Magnitsky-style sanctions are not just punitive measures – they show global solidarity with Iranian victims and are a step toward holding its oppressive regime accountable both now and in the future.</p> <p>With over 1,000 <a href="https://spreadingjustice.org/">individuals</a> and 80 <a href="https://spreadingjustice.org/">entities</a> implicated in serious human rights violations in Iran, according to credible reports, there is ample opportunity to take decisive, coordinated action against those most responsible.</p> <h6><em>IMAGE: A photo taken on October 29, 2024 shows an exterior view of the Iranian Embassy in Berlin, Germany, a day after Iran executed 69-year-old German-Iranian Sharmahd. (Photo by JOHN MACDOUGALL/AFP via Getty Images)</em></h6> <div class="icon-end-post"></div><div class="mobile-post-tags"><div class="post-tags"><h3>Filed under:</h3><p><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/accountability/" rel="tag">Accountability</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/diplomacy/" rel="tag">Diplomacy</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/european-union/" rel="tag">European Union</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/global-magnitsky-act/" rel="tag">Global Magnitsky Act</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/human-rights/" rel="tag">Human Rights</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/international/" rel="tag">international</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/international-justice/" rel="tag">international justice</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/iran/" rel="tag">Iran</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/jurisdiction/" rel="tag">Jurisdiction</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/magnitsky-act/" rel="tag">Magnitsky Act</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/tag/sanctions/" rel="tag">sanctions</a></p></div></div></article></main><div id="secondary-right" class="secondary" role="complementary"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/early-edition-signup/" class="button has-icon icon-pm">Signups for A.M. & P.M. 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Scott Adams</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 3rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103406/iran-israel-escalation/">Threats and Response Options in the Escalating Israel-Iran Conflict</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rosenbrianna/" title="Profile and articles by Brianna Rosen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brianna Rosen</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 2nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103380/un-future-pact-reform/">The UN’s New Pact for the Future: A Milestone That Can Set a Path for Change</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ponziorichard/" title="Profile and articles by Richard Ponzio" class="author url fn" rel="author">Richard Ponzio</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 2nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/103339/artificial-intelligence-at-2024-united-nations/">AI at UNGA79: Recapping Key Themes</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 1st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/88039/trumps-legal-and-political-calendar-all-the-dates-you-need-to-know/">Master Calendar of Trump Court Dates: Criminal and Civil Cases</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. Eisen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Norman L. 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Michael Kirby" class="author url fn" rel="author">The Hon. 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Buchwald</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98787/icc-disability-slave-trade/">Time for the International Criminal Court to Recognize Persons with Disabilities and the Slave Trade</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/lordjanet/" title="Profile and articles by Janet Lord" class="author url fn" rel="author">Janet Lord</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/schwarzpace/" title="Profile and articles by Pace Schwarz" class="author url fn" rel="author">Pace Schwarz</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/smithmatthew/" title="Profile and articles by Matthew "Hezzy" Smith" class="author url fn" rel="author">Matthew "Hezzy" Smith</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/steinmichael/" title="Profile and articles by Michael Ashley Stein" class="author url fn" rel="author">Michael Ashley Stein</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/greenalex/" title="Profile and articles by Alex Green" class="author url fn" rel="author">Alex Green</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kayessrosemary/" title="Profile and articles by Rosemary Kayess" class="author url fn" rel="author">Rosemary Kayess</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 21st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98801/podcast-international-law-israel-palestine/">The Just Security Podcast: Assessing the Recent Response of International Law and Institutions in Palestine and Israel</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/imseisardi/" title="Profile and articles by Ardi Imseis" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ardi Imseis</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hammourishahd/" title="Profile and articles by Shahd Hammouri" class="author url fn" rel="author">Shahd Hammouri</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kattanvictor/" title="Profile and articles by Victor Kattan" class="author url fn" rel="author">Victor Kattan</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/sirleafmatiangai/" title="Profile and articles by Matiangai Sirleaf" class="author url fn" rel="author">Matiangai Sirleaf</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/shahparas/" title="Profile and articles by Paras Shah" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paras Shah</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 21st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98754/biden-end-iraq-war/">A Presidential Proclamation to End the Iraq War: Unilateral Executive Action to Defang a Zombie AUMF</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/finucanebrian/" title="Profile and articles by Brian Finucane" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brian Finucane</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 20th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a 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Craig" class="author url fn" rel="author">Gregory B. Craig</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 12th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98501/israel-trans-border-torture/">Justice for Trans-border Torture Requires Rethinking the International Criminal Court’s Jurisdiction in the Israel-Palestine Conflict</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ben-natansmadar/" title="Profile and articles by Smadar Ben-Natan" class="author url fn" rel="author">Smadar Ben-Natan</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mannitamar/" title="Profile and articles by Itamar Mann" class="author url fn" rel="author">Itamar Mann</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 7th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98445/our-lives-depend-on-cloud/">Our Lives Depend on the Cloud. Now What?</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/pendletonjohn/" title="Profile and articles by John Pendleton" class="author url fn" rel="author">John Pendleton</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/leviteariel/" title="Profile and articles by Ariel Levite" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ariel Levite</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 6th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98429/security-council-report-isis-qaeda/">Wake Up Call: UN Security Council’s Report on ISIS and al-Qaeda</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/joscelyntom/" title="Profile and articles by Tom Joscelyn" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tom Joscelyn</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 5th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98378/podcast-assessing-laws-of-war/">The Just Security Podcast: Assessing the Laws of War</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/droegecordula/" title="Profile and articles by Cordula Droege" class="author url fn" rel="author">Cordula Droege</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bridgemantess/" title="Profile and articles by Tess Bridgeman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tess Bridgeman</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/shahparas/" title="Profile and articles by Paras Shah" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paras Shah</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/blankharrison/" title="Profile and articles by Harrison Blank" class="author url fn" rel="author">Harrison Blank</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 2nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98313/podcast-hostage-policy/">The Just Security Podcast: The Evolution of U.S. Hostage Policy</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/foleydiane/" title="Profile and articles by Diane Foley" class="author url fn" rel="author">Diane Foley</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hartigluke/" title="Profile and articles by Luke Hartig" class="author url fn" rel="author">Luke Hartig</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/violagienger/" title="Profile and articles by Viola Gienger" class="author url fn" rel="author">Viola Gienger</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/shahparas/" title="Profile and articles by Paras Shah" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paras Shah</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/blankharrison/" title="Profile and articles by Harrison Blank" class="author url fn" rel="author">Harrison Blank</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 1st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98273/the-aftermath-of-the-haniyeh-killing-how-to-avoid-a-new-middle-east-war/">The Aftermath of the Haniyeh Killing: How to Avoid a New Middle East War</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rosenbrianna/" title="Profile and articles by Brianna Rosen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brianna Rosen</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 31st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98261/disability-think-differently-trump/">Donald Trump’s Dangerous Views on Disability and the Power to Think Differently</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/shahparas/" title="Profile and articles by Paras Shah" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paras Shah</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 31st, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97738/just-security-analysis-supreme-court/">Collecting Just Security’s Analysis of the Supreme Court’s Term</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/blankharrison/" title="Profile and articles by Harrison Blank" class="author url fn" rel="author">Harrison Blank</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bridgemantess/" title="Profile and articles by Tess Bridgeman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tess Bridgeman</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 29th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98205/prudential-trump-v-united-states/">A Prudential Way Forward in <i>Trump v. United States</i></a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bobbittphilip/" title="Profile and articles by Philip Bobbitt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Philip Bobbitt</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 29th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98091/negotiations-with-iran-now/">Space May be Opening for Negotiations with Iran</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/brewgregory/" title="Profile and articles by Gregory Brew" class="author url fn" rel="author">Gregory Brew</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 29th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98128/united-nations-pact-for-future/">What the Draft UN “Pact for the Future” Tells Us About International Insecurity</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/gowanrichard/" title="Profile and articles by Richard Gowan" class="author url fn" rel="author">Richard Gowan</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 26th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98082/international-court-of-justices-call-on-all-states-to-end-israels-occupation-and-find-a-path-to-peace/">International Court of Justice’s Call on All States to End Israel’s Occupation and Find a Path to Peace</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/nowrojeebinaifer/" title="Profile and articles by Binaifer Nowrojee" class="author url fn" rel="author">Binaifer Nowrojee</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 25th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/98037/doj-special-counsel/"><i> United States v. Nixon </i> at Fifty: Why Judge Cannon Is Wrong About the Attorney General’s Authority to Select a Special Counsel</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ledermanmarty/" title="Profile and articles by Marty Lederman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Marty Lederman</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 24th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97937/azerbaijan-arbitrary-detentions-host-cop29/">Azerbaijan’s Aliyev Extends Arbitrary Detentions Even as He Prepares to Host Global Climate Conference COP29</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bayramovazhala/" title="Profile and articles by Zhala Bayramova" class="author url fn" rel="author">Zhala Bayramova</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bayramovibad/" title="Profile and articles by Ibad Bayramov" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ibad Bayramov</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/bayramliemin/" title="Profile and articles by Emin Bayramli" class="author url fn" rel="author">Emin Bayramli</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 23rd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/92714/american-autocracy-threat-tracker/">American Autocracy Threat Tracker</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. Eisen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Norman L. Eisen</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/ben-ghiatruth/" title="Profile and articles by Ruth Ben-Ghiat" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ruth Ben-Ghiat</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/wattsiven/" title="Profile and articles by Siven Watt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Siven Watt</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kolbjoshua/" title="Profile and articles by Joshua Kolb" class="author url fn" rel="author">Joshua Kolb</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/warrenandrew/" title="Profile and articles by Andrew Warren" class="author url fn" rel="author">Andrew Warren</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kovacs-goodmanjacob/" title="Profile and articles by Jacob Kovacs-Goodman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jacob Kovacs-Goodman</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/barrilleauxfrancois/" title="Profile and articles by Francois Barrilleaux" class="author url fn" rel="author">Francois Barrilleaux</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97922/non-state-civilian-political-institutions/">Assessing the Civilian and Political Institutions of Armed Non-State Actors under International Law</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/fortinkatharine/" title="Profile and articles by Katharine Fortin" class="author url fn" rel="author">Katharine Fortin</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97826/state-departments-civilian-harm-incident-response/">The State Department’s Civilian Harm Incident Response Guidance: How to Make a Good Thing Better</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/blahacharles/" title="Profile and articles by Charles O. (Cob) Blaha" class="author url fn" rel="author">Charles O. (Cob) Blaha</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 18th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97781/three-flaws-supreme-court-immunity/">Three Flaws in the Supreme Court’s Decision on Presidential Criminal Immunity</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/weissmannandrew/" title="Profile and articles by Andrew Weissmann" class="author url fn" rel="author">Andrew Weissmann</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 17th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97760/economic-security-presidential-power/">How ‘Economic Security’ is Re-shaping Presidential Power</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/claussenkathleen/" title="Profile and articles by Kathleen Claussen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Kathleen Claussen</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/meyertimothy/" title="Profile and articles by Timothy Meyer" class="author url fn" rel="author">Timothy Meyer</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 16th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97747/trump-docs-case-dismissed/">Judge Cannon Finds Special Counsel Unconstitutional in Trump Classified Documents Case: What’s Next for Jack Smith?</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/klasfeldadam/" title="Profile and articles by Adam Klasfeld" class="author url fn" rel="author">Adam Klasfeld</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 15th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/97718/nato-summit-ukraine-russia-china/">After the NATO Summit, Allies Need to Step Up Their Game on Ukraine, Russia, and China</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kramerdavidj/" title="Profile and articles by David J. Kramer" class="author url fn" rel="author">David J. Kramer</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kellyian/" title="Profile and articles by Ambassador (ret) Ian Kelly" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ambassador (ret) Ian Kelly</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 15th, 2024</p> </li></ul></div></aside><div class="capitol-breaker"><h3 class="widget-title">Resources</h3></div><aside id="js-scrolling-content-4" class="widget js-scrolling-content clearfix"><h3 class="flexible-content-title">Trackers</h3><div class="flexible-content posts clearfix" style="height:auto;"><ul class="posts-list-min"><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/81789/russias-eliminationist-rhetoric-against-ukraine-a-collection/">Russia’s Eliminationist Rhetoric Against Ukraine: A Collection</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a></p> <p class="date">Aug 26th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/100235/unga-79-expert-analysis-resources/">UNGA 79: Expert Analysis & Resources</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/aptclara/" title="Profile and articles by Clara Apt" class="author url fn" rel="author">Clara Apt</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/nirmaya/" title="Profile and articles by Maya Nir" class="author url fn" rel="author">Maya Nir</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/violagienger/" title="Profile and articles by Viola Gienger" class="author url fn" rel="author">Viola Gienger</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 19th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/77022/january-6-clearinghouse/">January 6 Clearinghouse</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/goodmanryan/" title="Profile and articles by Ryan Goodman" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ryan Goodman</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hendrixjustin/" title="Profile and articles by Justin Hendrix" class="author url fn" rel="author">Justin Hendrix</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/eisennorman/" title="Profile and articles by Norman L. Eisen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Norman L. Eisen</a></p> <p class="date">Mar 14th, 2024</p> </li></ul></div></aside><aside id="js-scrolling-content-6" class="widget js-scrolling-content clearfix"><h3 class="flexible-content-title">Series</h3><div class="flexible-content posts custom-scroll clearfix" style="height:350px;"><ul class="posts-list-min"><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/96975/icc-prosecutor-policy-complementarity-cooperation/">Symposium: ICC Prosecutor Launches Policy on Complementarity and Cooperation</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/uruenarene/" title="Profile and articles by René Urueña" class="author url fn" rel="author">René Urueña</a></p> <p class="date">Jun 20th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/96881/symposium-on-ai-and-human-rights/">Introducing the Symposium on AI and Human Rights</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/peakejessica/" title="Profile and articles by Jessica Peake" class="author url fn" rel="author">Jessica Peake</a></p> <p class="date">Jun 17th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/94368/symposium-view-from-lviv/">Symposium: International Law in Ukraine – The View from Lviv</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/just-security-admin/" title="Profile and articles by Just Security" class="author url fn" rel="author">Just Security</a></p> <p class="date">Apr 5th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/95879/symposium-international-criminal-court-gaza/">A Symposium on the International Criminal Court and the Israel-Hamas War</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/just-security-admin/" title="Profile and articles by Just Security" class="author url fn" rel="author">Just Security</a></p> <p class="date">Nov 22nd, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/90411/2024-and-beyond-just-securitys-us-election-protection-coverage/">2024 and Beyond: Just Security’s US Election Protection Coverage</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mollenkampallison2/" title="Profile and articles by Allison Mollenkamp" class="author url fn" rel="author">Allison Mollenkamp</a></p> <p class="date">Dec 4th, 2023</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/92429/introducing-just-securitys-series-on-reparations-in-russias-war-against-ukraine/">Introducing Just Security’s Series on Reparations in Russia’s War Against Ukraine</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/corrarinomegan/" title="Profile and articles by Megan Corrarino" class="author url fn" rel="author">Megan Corrarino</a></p> <p class="date">Feb 20th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/92446/establish-syria-victims-fund/">It’s Time to Establish a Syria Victims Fund</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/seifjoumana/" title="Profile and articles by Joumana Seif" class="author url fn" rel="author">Joumana Seif</a></p> <p class="date">Feb 19th, 2024</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/89838/the-future-of-atrocity-prevention-a-joint-symposium/">The Future of Atrocity Prevention: A Joint Symposium</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/whiddengwendolyn/" title="Profile and articles by Gwendolyn Whidden" class="author url fn" rel="author">Gwendolyn Whidden</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 31st, 2023</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/89583/introduction-to-symposium-governing-artificial-intelligence-power-justice-and-the-limits-of-the-law/">Introducing the Symposium on AI Governance: Power, Justice, and the Limits of the Law</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rosenbrianna/" title="Profile and articles by Brianna Rosen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brianna Rosen</a></p> <p class="date">Oct 18th, 2023</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/88143/introduction-to-symposium-ending-perpetual-war/">Introduction to Symposium: Ending Perpetual War</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/rosenbrianna/" title="Profile and articles by Brianna Rosen" class="author url fn" rel="author">Brianna Rosen</a></p> <p class="date">Sep 11th, 2023</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/87280/joint-symposium-on-u-s-cooperation-with-the-international-criminal-courts-ukraine-investigation/">Joint Symposium on U.S. Cooperation with the International Criminal Court’s Ukraine Investigation</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/just-security-admin/" title="Profile and articles by Just Security" class="author url fn" rel="author">Just Security</a></p> <p class="date">Jul 17th, 2023</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/86748/u-n-general-assembly-and-international-criminal-tribunal-for-the-crime-of-aggression-against-ukraine/">U.N. General Assembly and International Criminal Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression Against Ukraine</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/just-security-admin/" title="Profile and articles by Just Security" class="author url fn" rel="author">Just Security</a></p> <p class="date">May 9th, 2023</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/85110/introducing-the-symposium-on-u-s-support-for-the-iccs-trust-fund-for-victims/">Introducing the Symposium on U.S. Support for the ICC’s Trust Fund for Victims</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/williamspaul/" title="Profile and articles by Paul R. Williams" class="author url fn" rel="author">Paul R. Williams</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/steriomilena/" title="Profile and articles by Milena Sterio" class="author url fn" rel="author">Milena Sterio</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/duttonyvonne/" title="Profile and articles by Yvonne Dutton" class="author url fn" rel="author">Yvonne Dutton</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kochalexandra/" title="Profile and articles by Alexandra Koch" class="author url fn" rel="author">Alexandra Koch</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/waldocklilian/" title="Profile and articles by Lilian Waldock" class="author url fn" rel="author">Lilian Waldock</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/lavaudfloriane/" title="Profile and articles by Floriane Lavaud" class="author url fn" rel="author">Floriane Lavaud</a>, <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/singhashika/" title="Profile and articles by Ashika Singh" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ashika Singh</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/glimcherisabelle/" title="Profile and articles by Isabelle Glimcher" class="author url fn" rel="author">Isabelle Glimcher</a></p> <p class="date">Feb 13th, 2023</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/84901/antisemitism-and-threats-to-american-democracy/">Antisemitism and Threats to American Democracy</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hershenoveileen/" title="Profile and articles by Eileen B. Hershenov" class="author url fn" rel="author">Eileen B. Hershenov</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/greerryan/" title="Profile and articles by Ryan B. Greer" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ryan B. Greer</a></p> <p class="date">Jan 26th, 2023</p> </li><li> <h4><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/84636/toward-a-values-based-foreign-policy-developing-an-ethical-checklist/">Toward a Values-Based Foreign Policy: Developing an Ethical Checklist</a></h4> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/mulreanpeter/" title="Profile and articles by Ambassador Peter Mulrean (ret.)" class="author url fn" rel="author">Ambassador Peter Mulrean (ret.)</a> and <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/hawkwilliamj/" title="Profile and articles by William J. Hawk" class="author url fn" rel="author">William J. 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clearfix"><div class="secondary-left"><h3>About the Author(s)</h3></div><div class="primary"><div class="post-author-bio"><h4 title="Read bio and view posts by this author"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/thompsonskylar/">Skylar <span>Thompson</span></a></h4><p>Skylar Thompson (<a href="https://twitter.com/SkyylarThompson">@SkyylarThompson</a>) Skylar Thompson (@SkyylarThompson) is the Deputy Director of Human Rights Activists in Iran (HRA), where she leads efforts pursuing justice and accountability for violations of human rights and international law in the Islamic Republic of Iran.</p> </div><div class="post-author-bio"><h4 title="Read bio and view posts by this author"><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/kubeschnatalia/">Natalia <span>Kubesch</span></a></h4><p>Natalia Kubesch is a Legal Officer at REDRESS, where she focuses on asset recovery and the repurposing of assets frozen under Magnitsky Sanctions for the purpose of human rights reparations.</p> </div><p class="clearfix"> <a href="mailto:lte@justsecurity.org" class="button has-icon icon-fa"> <i class="fa fa-envelope-o" aria-hidden="true"></i> Send A Letter To The Editor </a> </p></div></div><div class="post-bottom-row related-posts clearfix"><div class="secondary-left"><h3>Read these related stories next:</h3></div><div class="primary archive-wrap"><div class="result-entry type-post"> <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/105048/icc-arrest-warrants/" class="thumb" style="background-image:url(https://i0.wp.com/www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/GettyImages-2180882096_cropped.jpg?fit=768%2C339&ssl=1);"></a> <h3><a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/105048/icc-arrest-warrants/">Nuts & Bolts of the International Criminal Court Arrest Warrants in the ‘Situation in Palestine’</a></h3> <p class="author">by <a href="https://www.justsecurity.org/author/dannenbaumtom/" title="Profile and articles by Tom Dannenbaum" class="author url fn" rel="author">Tom Dannenbaum</a></p> <p 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Magnitsky-Style Sanctions and Iran’s Crisis of Impunity