CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134cbf59ee53dad',cH: 'gZvi7qZgx5v6mOLZSsl_KbeSfG5bSdjGw3Y2C3dylWI-1739785024-1.2.1.1-yIsBVCVEGwqxDVKmLWBfKLq9gQZQkzSlC9GRcTaGqNPLidFOhHAMyFMP2fD6absx',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=HbA1C&__cf_chl_tk=ePjwWuG.8LdtRKYI5hRNfHjRrTQJU7vmEUE6YSCo2IQ-1739785024-1.0.1.1-uRkbZgmndwHfRWvEyJ1VUspvnqO4tes2M.19dxhN3DE",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739785024',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=HbA1C&__cf_chl_f_tk=ePjwWuG.8LdtRKYI5hRNfHjRrTQJU7vmEUE6YSCo2IQ-1739785024-1.0.1.1-uRkbZgmndwHfRWvEyJ1VUspvnqO4tes2M.19dxhN3DE",md: "0tv9BXVEnfBElv1pkjiQK6g.t9Rv3IM0wH.5TfG5w8E-1739785024-1.2.1.1-jPtZKRjuEpL3Trm2NMQzMb8m1XqlItdKzUSdsoKP.Qbs2NlAvPMQA.zXbo4GrbJ3B.xAHhHMAeQ3VOPmQSwOPEmKcMhVhx0Un.AsssyXLeXemlVM9.E5fupa2MoNdgo7MeYviv3JjaVUX7HedlkmQCEDzH5hiR6o3K5t4hmGc111ShOz1c05xyZ7F01YjDI.Fo93zAfZkBExGOP7GBhn99Nu8l2qgtbJQcW1FymioE2SDm9KTeJkSMePhg4GIU4O0DTXMwx7xnZXWX6thQHVUJeFSUBHvC0Y3lMMhe4aCzDBwWKzFUagQsFvKNuRFNLNkjHvR80non3KfPV27WuZ5vsZS9alYLx0q4656QMn4qRigiLgWfFLe1tqY0EzNB7uf1zpxstqQMTzS3diBt39GvYSj1wNid9c.ZNfmJ6v.lV13cCCy2CLNsXS1vq.P1kzcqHZZ2dQW3Fv0gjHfqdkFOWZ6zB8dfeFIsYIRBgHItrAEy7AhcfXF5EfDci4zur3awJTHNJriJ8gnmMuULet8B2oEc4ORZe8OR7UwImn3zXL_UsAg._I9SdGAID0Xr.615PYCVoqUSBg0qWYlOhBQcUsGkR.1jPQX9ng56rOBRtiRZqmyOOgQRWDa_jTyY_7lJ5D0n2qjPB0LUGi6G.ti_Jjru9T4kQdWRsT4bNOXxZBMTC9LmMzwqyKb1aF7l1GBSP7q.ENppPqiYvn6TJRnWe4Ikkj6ipviQ4uIB3wz70h1VivZIzzXMODnRn8YWyTB7VZP5LG.Td9Ck_l75orohEOhTyC2fyaVDXb4p3EvXFEXdoSZPTprrqG9aKPyns5XDeMxnPgrhkxKPfobIOXPuFQp3_dyMuGO54LLAwyI.0mX3UhMj1vPbe2APab5QtEdqartGaZfBLKsttoSOakSVpqWYJAP1GzCG93qbXO_PguKKh1H39RCirpZuR0_9qH_u2ZOqdwZeHeAEhG2emIZ7_lbzJp_JefVJjMjUXDrc6w0H.xgWkNil9wlf.sGXPlkIhYMX105FIqoz_mJhzrhUBz.MK.6mC_7UL2GzFIxNcrKuNX77b0NuGD6drMOCXbaYJNRnP2yGoXUVUL5boPyavwV6.HT1fDXeAK261zW.LRGVPWK0XyiFckIb9oyo8adh72uzYbT1jH6Hd96wcjCiy5l5RNSCYgQAm1smsef3oecegK1qOoODo_5kbSLBfMAGxA8oiSNduXsBom4rINa7taeA6j9QOdZIa0PifztN.WWIixUgy1lsI1y4RyCJCvl9KBqKyY97wWDSlXPhjOWKxAoiCgaezGM5gpz2O6ESV9hVhmiWpdqFq3yHhaKsjCXtMAASIP4aslukqFXQgphA6chWF7ND88RQnV5L_HQfJOhfyTSNB0fAud6pCLngDSYAvbj4Lot79xGE8VK6fww.835_DvVaNjiLa0Y33gVkzXCZ0raOKJyh0wQAhVR.zc2_1bwq37tyZzHqTU5hCHHZoJYAGZSJjrLK2IP_XHeNfQvDzAjyKxwYy_7CpxFx4lSo0kI.HKojAAm9OPq22RcsuvN_Vxi2JTF8UqltmWJVIZZ2RQZFGapSWPyoPs.eZ1M4Zt5ydDlYGvcgBWOvLMJVxQXihsTae9PcNpmGbsoZY.uKUFIUUxqD4GAA7AGVaOBJkDUeXUDCIqgFQNlwvFtA40J4yRFVEljdeddNDX1QqwiM4UqAzMUI5p9uT8byE1cLT8PCvPMjKIsuHYqbxFSA_pDcZwP9To2KYacvqxGM6Bw0coo5mPMVZKa1tVcdNRj9v9u9zfUU9dm0MI7MwdieYsN1cuxTa_dTqlPjgplAAlRKA6.p7D9tbGzORr_1Jg8NLHko6P5qbmvjvUKLztBzsuadU_ur5g._qz8ZIoozERLuczAUO9zkpSfh0lfCRY",mdrd: "k5TDXRGlEJrt9GccP4mN.EDfyWUve3LMNP36mjCdRWE-1739785024-1.2.1.1-19ZZwM6c.bjIarW._2cd.Ae7iLDzXanGpFdqqiz.JKNBF.YvAqPX3dosojt9cgYJnIwdhN32898o._WtwEcU3oTabKM3lh0WwZRM1B1luAaVRwU6qgy.6opigBfj6qEmEetOBy5VEo1E0fPSSMuUM6YJ0ms2h4RU4JUWOGmLdY.AKIm8Cz55GMAkNGJMGqBkVwkQlx6pct9H3YTgmByDuNFDeBOaGoUUclRoxUqHjYSdOciCj_xpNU0o15URJUhHenFrky16qwzljkrZIWJ.rOTz0jf6SP44yZlKfQheRYUuUgefjkY6tZEiCvD9YXt95HKOG_v._71mYC9TlK.OFWBevVIpo_0hGKVYYkNo2iYy4RisKYazUwukblG129xaXwsl8FEW2GG1jGP7DuEdvUKuHQgPwS_sYX5vYWpuqwp4968fb7FSZJ3PETXIm04Rx02VPrmFCcixG5Rx1IYkVUbs08UnxdneJQgqbm8LQ0cM5uqL555E7Z54qDpZ56bBx9BYehK9KO._t1AdPFv1cZHdS4SckNNFGOyavJv6MEBaGVJDpbxy8YetdK1K7NRZeyyPh3.2WKxRbQGUw_XB0ItP3a0ehj0FsLXS22xwgAJXnISWCIcOC3OPqPVFBel.0zjpgCAXqW0db_OcPCE9PQ4o1Kjg8PxBwrPoNz6o8AG.jdhSx1L_YnvELK3HpfygAOZnbA8Jh4zDSF3VCpwB7.2JOI6uuvJk9HnZTKFN7DfcLh3COQPCsc1bA2A.A_y2YiQ3pMNz5h0mWq1YiYAOC_5EJ4cK0rXixkMDCtIOreHIBFZZgfWtToYDKVMNPxw0gm8QV4OuhV6IO3ReSc.NcKYjtrDGRS7iMFFfG.IKCV0Fcll0Y0wTrxc.1DbKzLgSltGMQKsA7SyAftlEqSf6WWJRyKeBBNo7oDyMLUhR0yghH3sZptaiPwsDtl1R6nmJFFJfESrDo9Fk2pivwyhOTyRn9DLU1TdvO_MB_c0D3ZRX1LxqGAZ61EAkyeZmWIPTnVOdTrmw53atci3fvBmKO7luVkrt0ceB4Ps40AGmWVLYhfygvI0Rv2MAyaxNjpfuy3Jo6wm6osksayhUeHqFEgl1OEuy33rvXoMTy0CXQRExr8O4oxCDplRe5iFzIrgCEeRScZAaIWn3S3kmygR.bGOwSg4Qhxb2kG1HNtMjnvhgsqcpHlBD2_nV7PRtGOF6zH43m8oLKgpf0dfv.rbqrmeptJUzpyxkK5ZkyuIE3xDK4tlwcdM8mYVpup7FWqPdkSW2IV7WF0fAVpBi7cUH9HgvjmSTwB7_aFw3Nutf1YZU89nmJGMVOGstKTasSz3IGrKDAe8xDdKFbnlOwH.brCyd82ksMCSs4E0UWGVPlqzYSiqEgKxdrD7nbrAfH_5Yxr7sfbaYrpwgOWYd5CDnHQfd43OpUWGrVlIluGsDxRX1Z7wHbMK6rZRWGlrPnd.4rJiHl4SGVVCBftaeSlxlQYeVSxwQrwt7OlqFMIWLNubO0S5Nu87aqE63vVC2ll0l3iX3e5w4dy2YdYA4rOzvy4vH8OlNNVyzPi0vqEwAXj8k98PlLWIOeUCIAT6GCJ1wVB65e8q8lZThXR9qUXUH7KkayUy3HHuV1tMJ0booMWZqNnqBYP2CZrGKKcvMrBVdo9M.WpElGOyVtUmyHLX9IVYVMymehEHRKHG8jtxFzNqpsz_8z.Y1kFscZHqC2hDlq39ftW9ZRxLUfTWBbF32AgW_BEiBG.148traSLFhNiD3MigX3GsjxrsuFcSvPQbwNQcNouX2pWV4gNTOQShdQGJJjiN2pHldc3vUDOjef8nBJr7kQwnPb1kC6NXCIlxHsVny4V1GrgBHBxUtmwQkzT9F.Y9V3bR1f9Qz_7DwOSgLIJhMsoXLLjIIAl7YaQOgsbAVID8AcGOhITvb3FAe8l.6xfeFGHWEYB7tOiRl_2sbJoA9kwiJUv9e9Nyf5l41n_ZMScJErea4KrGaKcfngQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134cbf59ee53dad';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=HbA1C&__cf_chl_rt_tk=ePjwWuG.8LdtRKYI5hRNfHjRrTQJU7vmEUE6YSCo2IQ-1739785024-1.0.1.1-uRkbZgmndwHfRWvEyJ1VUspvnqO4tes2M.19dxhN3DE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>