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class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> For the video game, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_Pitcher_(video_game)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Relief Pitcher (video game)">Relief Pitcher (video game)</a>. </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> "Reliever" redirects here. For another use, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_airport?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Relief airport">relief airport</a>. For the William Prince album, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reliever_(album)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reliever (album)">Reliever (album)</a>. </div> In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baseball?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baseball">baseball</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Softball?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Softball">softball</a>, a relief pitcher or reliever is a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pitcher">pitcher</a> who pitches in the game after the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Starting_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Starting pitcher">starting pitcher</a> or another relief pitcher has been removed from the game due to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fatigue_(medical)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatigue (medical)">fatigue</a>, injury, ineffectiveness, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ejection_(sports)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ejection (sports)">ejection</a>, high pitch count, or for other strategic reasons, such as inclement weather delays or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pinch_hitter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pinch hitter">pinch hitter</a> substitutions. Relief pitchers are further divided informally into various roles, such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Closer_(baseball)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Closer (baseball)">closers</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Setup_men?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Setup men">setup men</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Middle_relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle relief pitcher">middle relief pitchers</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Left-handed_specialist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Left-handed specialist">left/right-handed specialists</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Long_reliever?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Long reliever">long relievers</a>. Whereas starting pitchers usually <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pitch_count?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pitch count">throw so many pitches</a> in a single game that they must rest several days before pitching in another, relief pitchers are expected to be more flexible and typically pitch in more games with a shorter time period between pitching appearances but with fewer <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Innings_pitched?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Innings pitched">innings pitched</a> per appearance. A team's staff of relievers is normally referred to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metonymy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metonymy">metonymically</a> as a team's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bullpen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bullpen">bullpen</a>, which refers to the area where the relievers sit during games, and where they warm-up prior to entering the game. <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Jacob%27s_Field_Fultz_and_Betancourt_in_the_Bullpen.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Jacob%27s_Field_Fultz_and_Betancourt_in_the_Bullpen.jpg/235px-Jacob%27s_Field_Fultz_and_Betancourt_in_the_Bullpen.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Jacob%2527s_Field_Fultz_and_Betancourt_in_the_Bullpen.jpg/352px-Jacob%2527s_Field_Fultz_and_Betancourt_in_the_Bullpen.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Jacob%2527s_Field_Fultz_and_Betancourt_in_the_Bullpen.jpg/469px-Jacob%2527s_Field_Fultz_and_Betancourt_in_the_Bullpen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280"></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cleveland_Guardians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cleveland Guardians">Cleveland Indians</a> (now Cleveland Guardians) relief pitchers <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aaron_Fultz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aaron Fultz">Aaron Fultz</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rafael_Betancourt?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rafael Betancourt">Rafael Betancourt</a> warming up in the bullpen at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jacobs_Field?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacobs Field">Jacobs Field</a> in 2007 </figcaption> </figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pre-bullpen">1.1 Pre-bullpen</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Early_modern_relievers/%22firemen%22">1.2 Early modern relievers/"firemen"</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Closer_era">1.3 Closer era</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Current_relief_roles">2 Current relief roles</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Starting_pitchers_as_relievers">3 Starting pitchers as relievers</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Position_players_as_relievers">4 Position players as relievers</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Awards_given_to_relievers">5 Awards given to relievers</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also">6 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes">7 Notes</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#External_links">8 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Relief_pitcher&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Pre-bullpen">Pre-bullpen</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Relief_pitcher&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Pre-bullpen" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In the early days of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Major_League_Baseball?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> (MLB), substituting a player was not allowed except for sickness or injury. An ineffective pitcher would switch positions with another player on the field. The first relief appearance in the major leagues was in 1876 with <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boston_Red_Caps?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Red Caps">Boston Red Caps</a> outfielder <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jack_Manning_(baseball)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jack Manning (baseball)">Jack Manning</a> switching positions with pitcher <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joe_Borden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joe Borden">Joe Borden</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1">[1]</a> In this early era, relief pitchers changing from a position role to the pitcher's box in this way were often called "change" pitchers.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2">[2]</a> This strategy of switching players between the mound and the outfield is still occasionally employed in modern baseball, sometimes in long extra inning games where a team is running out of players.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a> In 1889, the first bullpen appearance occurred after rules were changed to allow a player substitution at any time.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4">[4]</a> Early relief pitchers were normally starting pitchers pitching one or two innings in between starts.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5">[5]</a> In 1903, during the second game of the inaugural <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1903_World_Series?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1903 World Series">World Series</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pittsburgh_Pirates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pittsburgh Pirates">Pittsburgh</a>'s <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bucky_Veil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bucky Veil">Bucky Veil</a> became the first relief pitcher in World Series history. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Early_modern_relievers/"firemen"">Early modern relievers/"firemen"</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Relief_pitcher&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Early modern relievers/"firemen"" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Hoyt_Wilhelm_1959.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Hoyt_Wilhelm_1959.png/170px-Hoyt_Wilhelm_1959.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="373"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 170px;height: 212px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Hoyt_Wilhelm_1959.png/170px-Hoyt_Wilhelm_1959.png" data-width="170" data-height="212" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Hoyt_Wilhelm_1959.png/255px-Hoyt_Wilhelm_1959.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7f/Hoyt_Wilhelm_1959.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hoyt_Wilhelm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hoyt Wilhelm">Hoyt Wilhelm</a> won 124 games in relief, the major league record, and was the first pitcher to reach 200 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Save_(baseball)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Save (baseball)">saves</a> and the first to appear in 1,000 games. </figcaption> </figure> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Firpo_Marberry?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Firpo Marberry">Firpo Marberry</a> is credited with being the first prominent reliever. From 1923 to 1935, he pitched in 551 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Games_pitched?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Games pitched">games</a>, 364 of which were in relief. Baseball historian <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bill_James?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bill James">Bill James</a> wrote that Marberry was "a modern reliever—a hard throwing young kid who worked strictly in relief, worked often, and was used to nail down victories".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Another reliever, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Johnny_Murphy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Johnny Murphy">Johnny Murphy</a>, became known as "Fireman" for his effectiveness when inserted into difficult situations ("put out fires") in relief.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Nonetheless, the full-time reliever who was entrusted with important situations was more the exception than the rule at this point. Often, a team's <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ace_(baseball)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ace (baseball)">ace</a> starting pitcher was used in between his starts to "close" games. Later research would reveal that <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lefty_Grove?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lefty Grove">Lefty Grove</a> would have been in his league's top three in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Save_(baseball)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Save (baseball)">saves</a> in four different seasons, had that stat been invented at the time.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Gradually after World War II, full-time relievers became more acceptable and standard.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The relievers were usually pitchers that were not good enough to be starters.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-zimniuch_p34-10">[10]</a> Relievers in the 1950s started to develop oddball pitches to distinguish them from starters.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-zimniuch_p34-10">[10]</a> For example, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hoyt_Wilhelm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hoyt Wilhelm">Hoyt Wilhelm</a> threw a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Knuckleball?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Knuckleball">knuckleball</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elroy_Face?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Elroy Face">Elroy Face</a> threw a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Forkball?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Forkball">forkball</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11">[11]</a> In 1969, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pitcher%27s_mound?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitcher's mound">pitcher's mound</a> was lowered and umpires were encouraged to call fewer <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Strike_(baseball)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Strike (baseball)">strikes</a> to give <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Batter_(baseball)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Batter (baseball)">batters</a> an advantage. Relief specialists were used to counter the increase in offense.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-zimniuch_p80-12">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Closer_era">Closer era</h3> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Relief_pitcher&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Closer era" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Red_Sox_Bullpen_Cart_(7224550882).jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Red_Sox_Bullpen_Cart_%287224550882%29.jpg/220px-Red_Sox_Bullpen_Cart_%287224550882%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Red_Sox_Bullpen_Cart_%287224550882%29.jpg/220px-Red_Sox_Bullpen_Cart_%287224550882%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Red_Sox_Bullpen_Cart_%287224550882%29.jpg/330px-Red_Sox_Bullpen_Cart_%287224550882%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Red_Sox_Bullpen_Cart_%287224550882%29.jpg/440px-Red_Sox_Bullpen_Cart_%287224550882%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bullpen_car?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bullpen car">bullpen car</a> used by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boston_Red_Sox?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boston Red Sox">Boston Red Sox</a> to cart relievers into games </figcaption> </figure> Relievers became more respected in the 1970s, and their pay increased due to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Free_agency?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Free agency">free agency</a>. All teams began having a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Closer_(baseball)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Closer (baseball)">closer</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-zimniuch_p80-12">[12]</a> The 1980s were the first time in MLB that the number of saves outnumbered <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Complete_game?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Complete game">complete games</a>. In 1995, there were nearly four saves for every complete game.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13">[13]</a> It is unclear whether the specialization and reliance on relief pitchers led to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pitch_count?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pitch count">pitch counts</a> and fewer complete games, or whether pitch counts led to greater use of relievers.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14">[14]</a> As closers were reduced to one-inning specialists, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Setup_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Setup pitcher">setup men</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Middle_reliever?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Middle reliever">middle relievers</a> became more prominent.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[15]</a> In past decades, the relief pitcher was merely an ex-starter who came into a game upon the injury, ineffectiveness, or fatigue of the starting pitcher. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bullpen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bullpen">bullpen</a> was for old starters who had lost the ability to throw effectively. Many of these pitchers would be able to flourish in this diminished role. Those such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dennis_Eckersley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dennis Eckersley">Dennis Eckersley</a>, as with many others, actually prolonged their tapering careers and often sparked them to new life. The added rest to their arms as well as the lessened exposure of their abilities became an advantage many would learn to capitalize on. Because these pitchers only faced some batters once a season, the opposing side would have greater difficulty preparing to face relief pitchers. Recently, being a relief pitcher has become more of a career, rather than a reduced position. Many of today's top prospects are considered mainly for their relief pitching skills.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[16]</a> In the quest for a managerial edge, managers as time goes on have carried more pitchers in the bullpen, and used them in more specialized situations. Acknowledgment of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Platoon_system?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Platoon system">platoon</a> edge has prompted managers to ensure that opposing lefty hitters face as many lefty pitchers as possible, and that the same occur with respect to righty hitters and pitchers. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tony_La_Russa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tony La Russa">Tony La Russa</a> was particularly well known for making frequent pitching changes on this basis.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[17]</a> When <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mike_Marshall_(pitcher)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mike Marshall (pitcher)">Mike Marshall</a> set the all-time record with 106 games pitched in 1974, he threw 208.1 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inning?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inning">innings</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[18]</a> Currently, although some relievers still do appear in a large number of games per season, the workload for each individual pitcher has been much reduced. Since 2008, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pedro_Feliciano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pedro Feliciano">Pedro Feliciano</a> has three of the top four seasons in games pitched, with 92, 88 and 86. However, Feliciano only averaged 58 innings pitched during those seasons.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-19">[19]</a> The last pitcher to throw 100 or more innings in a season without starting a game was <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scott_Proctor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scott Proctor">Scott Proctor</a> in 2006.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-20">[20]</a> From the mid-2010s onward, MLB teams have given relievers an increasing number of innings at the expense of starters, due to the baseball game moving towards higher variance, and a flexible bullpen does give the manager more options of defending against high risk offensive strategies. In response, some teams have allocated funds and made trades to create a "super bullpen", nonetheless this is no guarantee of success since the performance of relief pitchers has been shown to fluctuate much more wildly than starting pitchers. For instance the 2016 and 2017 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cleveland_Indians?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleveland Indians">Cleveland Indians</a> had the strongest bullpen in the league, however their bullpen in 2018 struggled and the Indians won their division thanks to the strength of their starting rotation.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-21">[21]</a> Similarly the 2019 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Washington_Nationals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Washington Nationals">Washington Nationals</a> won the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2019_World_Series?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2019 World Series">2019 World Series</a> in spite of their relief pitching staff having the worst ERA (5.66) that season.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-22">[22]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Current_relief_roles">Current relief roles</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Relief_pitcher&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Current relief roles" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> Pitching staffs on MLB teams have grown from 9 or 10 to as many as 12 or 13 pitchers, due to the increased importance of relief pitching.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-23">[23]</a> The staff generally consists of five starting pitchers, with the remaining pitchers assigned as relievers.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24">[24]</a> A team's relief staff usually contains a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Closer_(baseball)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Closer (baseball)">closer</a> who generally pitches the ninth inning, a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Setup_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Setup pitcher">setup pitcher</a> who generally pitches the eighth, and a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Left-handed_specialist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Left-handed specialist">left-handed specialist</a> whose job is to retire left-handed batters. The rest of the bullpen then consists of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Middle_reliever?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Middle reliever">middle relievers</a> who are used in the remaining situations, and perhaps additional left-handed or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Left-handed_specialist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Right-handed_specialist" title="Left-handed specialist">right-handed</a> specialists.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-25">[25]</a> The closer is usually the best relief pitcher, followed by the setup man.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Players typically get promoted into later-inning roles as they succeed.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-passan-28">[28]</a> Relievers were previously more multipurpose before becoming one-inning specialists.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-passan-28">[28]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-29">[29]</a> The setup man and closer will normally only be used to preserve a lead, although they may enter to maintain a close game (where the score is tied or if their team is trailing by only a few runs) particularly in the playoffs. If the team is significantly behind going into the eighth or ninth inning and a relief pitcher is required, usually a middle reliever or two will be chosen to soak up innings, while the setup man and closer are saved for the next time they are needed to preserve a win.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-30">[30]</a> The proper use of the bullpen is to avoid using an effective reliever on a low-leverage situation, instead saving them as "fireman" for high-leverage situations (such as bases-loaded, no-outs).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32">[32]</a> In 2018, some MLB teams began experimenting with an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Opener_(baseball)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Opener (baseball)">opener</a> – a pitcher who is normally a reliever that starts the game for an inning or two before yielding to someone who would normally be a starter. Sometimes the manager replaces an opener with a series of other relievers who would only pitch one or two innings in a game, usually due to injury or fatigue affecting the team's starters or other strategical reasons; this approach became known as a bullpen game. One advantage of this approach is that the opener, who is often a hard-throwing specialist, can be called in to face the most dangerous hitters, who are usually near the top of the batting order, the first time they come to bat.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Although the opener has only been formally regarded as a relief role in 2018, managers have sporadically used a reliever before a starter. A good example is Game 6 of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1990_National_League_Championship_Series?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1990 National League Championship Series">1990 National League Championship Series</a> when <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pittsburgh_Pirates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pittsburgh Pirates">Pittsburgh Pirates</a> manager <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jim_Leyland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jim Leyland">Jim Leyland</a> started a set-up man, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ted_Power?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ted Power">Ted Power</a>, in order to keep the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cincinnati Reds">Cincinnati Reds</a> from employing their successful platoon (Power pitched <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>2+1⁄3 innings prior to giving way to lefty starter <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zane_Smith_(baseball)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zane Smith (baseball)">Zane Smith</a> in the third inning) and the strategy worked in holding the Reds to only two runs; to deceive his opponents Leyland had announced the Game 6 starter at a press conference so that the Reds would set their batting order around Smith.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34">[34]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Starting_pitchers_as_relievers">Starting pitchers as relievers</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Relief_pitcher&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Starting pitchers as relievers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> Between their scheduled starts in the rotation, a starting pitcher can be used on short rest for the bullpen. They are sometimes used as relievers when the stakes are higher, such as a game that could decide the division title or an elimination (winner-take all) playoff game. Currently, starters are typically used in relief situations either early in the postseason prior to their scheduled rotation start, or late in the postseason after their last scheduled start (often with "the ultimatum of a series clincher"). However, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2018_Boston_Red_Sox?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Boston Red Sox">2018 Boston Red Sox</a> under <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alex_Cora?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alex Cora">Alex Cora</a> managed their pitching rotation such that a starter was readily available in the bullpen every playoff game.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-espn.com-35">[35]</a> Regarded as an "almost universal truth in baseball", "almost every starting pitcher would be better in relief".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-espn.com-35">[35]</a> However, a starter may not necessarily be best used as a "fireman" (to stop a rally) since "the conventional wisdom is that it’s unwise to bring a starter in for a relief appearance with men already on base; starting pitchers take longer to warm up than relievers and tend to be most comfortable when coming in at the start of an inning with the bases empty".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37">[37]</a> A good example of starters in relief was in the deciding Game 6 of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2010_NLCS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 NLCS">2010 NLCS</a>, where the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/San_Francisco_Giants?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="San Francisco Giants">San Francisco Giants</a> bullpen utilized two starters as well as three regular relievers to get seven scoreless innings.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38">[38]</a> In Game 6 of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2010_ALCS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 ALCS">2010 ALCS</a>, manager <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joe_Girardi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joe Girardi">Joe Girardi</a> was criticized for "managing by formula" in not calling upon ace <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CC_Sabathia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="CC Sabathia">CC Sabathia</a> and instead going to reliever <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/David_Robertson_(baseball)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="David Robertson (baseball)">David Robertson</a> who surrendered several runs that put the game out of reach for the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_York_Yankees?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-39">[39]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-40">[40]</a> Starter <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Madison_Bumgarner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Madison Bumgarner">Madison Bumgarner</a> recorded the longest save in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/World_Series?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="World Series">World Series</a> history, pitching five scoreless innings of relief in a Game 7 3–2 victory of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2014_World_Series?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2014 World Series">2014 edition</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41">[41]</a> In the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2018_World_Series?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2018 World Series">2018 World Series</a>, starter <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nathan_Eovaldi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nathan Eovaldi">Nathan Eovaldi</a>, originally slated to pitch Game 4, was inserted in relief during Game 3 which turned into an 18-inning marathon. In making World Series history, he became the first reliever to throw at least six innings after <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rick_Rhoden?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rick Rhoden">Rick Rhoden</a> did so in 1977, while Eovaldi's 97 pitches set the record for the most by a reliever (and also 36 more pitches than <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rick_Porcello?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rick Porcello">Rick Porcello</a> who had started that game).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45">[45]</a> In the clinching Games of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2018_NLCS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 NLCS">2018 NLCS</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2018_World_Series?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2018 World Series">2018 World Series</a>, respectively, aces <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clayton_Kershaw?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clayton Kershaw">Clayton Kershaw</a> (for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kenley_Jansen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kenley Jansen">Kenley Jansen</a>) and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chris_Sale?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chris Sale">Chris Sale</a> (for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Craig_Kimbrel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Craig Kimbrel">Craig Kimbrel</a>, indeed the other pitcher warming up besides Sale was another starter, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nathan_Eovaldi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nathan Eovaldi">Nathan Eovaldi</a>) pitched the ninth-inning in lieu of their team's regular closer. Neither relief entrance was a high pressure situation as their teams were already leading 5-1 entering the 9th; but it gave Sale the opportunity to get the final outs of the series (Sale also got the first outs of the series when he started the opener).<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46">[46]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-espn.com-35">[35]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Position_players_as_relievers">Position players as relievers</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Relief_pitcher&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Position players as relievers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main article: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pitching_by_position_players?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pitching by position players">Pitching by position players</a> </div> In games where a blowout is occurring, position players (non-pitchers) may be substituted in to pitch to save the bullpen for the next game. However, this is a rare occurrence as position players are not truly trained as pitchers, and tend to throw with less velocity and/or accuracy. There is also the increased risk of injury, such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jose_Canseco?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jose Canseco">Jose Canseco</a> who suffered a season-ending arm injury after pitching two innings in a 1993 game. For these reasons, managers will typically only use a position player as a pitcher in a blowout loss, or in order to avoid a forfeit once they have run out of available pitchers. Typically, the position player also pitched at the high school or collegiate level, as smaller roster sizes at amateur levels forced some position players to pitch, with some were recruited in college also as pitchers, as starters or relievers. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mitch_Moreland?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mitch Moreland">Mitch Moreland</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mississippi_State_Bulldogs_baseball?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mississippi State Bulldogs baseball">Mississippi State</a>), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ryan_Rua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ryan Rua">Ryan Rua</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lake_Erie_College?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lake Erie College">Lake Erie College</a>), and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/J._D._Davis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="J. D. Davis">J. D. Davis</a>, (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cal_State_Fullerton_Titans_baseball?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cal State Fullerton Titans baseball">Cal State Fullerton</a>) all played as both position players and pitchers in their collegiate careers, with Rua and Davis both being closers for their college teams. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cliff_Pennington_(baseball)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cliff Pennington (baseball)">Cliff Pennington</a> became the first position player in Major League Baseball history to pitch in a postseason game, which was during Game 4 of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2015_American_League_Championship_Series?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2015 American League Championship Series">2015 American League Championship Series</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The second position player to pitch in the playoffs was <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Austin_Romine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Austin Romine">Austin Romine</a> during Game 3 of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2018_American_League_Division_Series?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2018 American League Division Series">2018 American League Division Series</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51">[51]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Starting in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2023_Major_League_Baseball_season?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2023 Major League Baseball season">2023</a>, MLB position players are allowed to pitch in a game under the following conditions:<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53">[53]</a> <ul> <li>The leading team can only use a position player in this role in the ninth inning, and with a lead of at least 10 runs.</li> <li>A team behind by eight or more runs can use a position player to pitch at any time in the game.</li> <li>The use of position players as pitchers in extra innings is unrestricted.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Awards_given_to_relievers">Awards given to relievers</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Relief_pitcher&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Awards given to relievers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_Reliever_of_the_Year_Award?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Major League Baseball Reliever of the Year Award">Major League Baseball Reliever of the Year Award</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_Sporting_News_Reliever_of_the_Year_Award?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sporting News Reliever of the Year Award">The Sporting News Reliever of the Year Award</a> are annually voted on and presented to relievers, with the former being split by league into the "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trevor_Hoffman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trevor Hoffman">Trevor Hoffman</a> NL Reliever of the Year Award" and the "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mariano_Rivera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mariano Rivera">Mariano Rivera</a> AL Reliever of the Year Award". The former equivalent award for both leagues combined until 2012, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rolaids_Relief_Man_Award?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rolaids Relief Man Award">Rolaids Relief Man Award</a>, was determined by a statistical formula. Compared to starting pitchers, most relievers (with the except of closers with large save totals) receive few awards and honors.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rancel-54">[54]</a> Historically, setup men were rarely selected to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_All-Star_Game?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Major League Baseball All-Star Game">MLB All-Star Games</a>, with the relievers selected usually being closers.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Rancel-54">[54]</a> A setup man has never won the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cy_Young_Award?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cy Young Award">Cy Young Award</a> or the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_Most_Valuable_Player_Award?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award">Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award</a>; the highest placements in these respective awards have been achieved by Rivera, who finished third in the voting for the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/American_League?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="American League">American League</a> (AL) Cy Young Award and twelfth for the AL MVP in 1996, and for the next season he was promoted to closer.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-96cy-55">[55]</a> Middle reliever <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andrew_Miller_(baseball)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andrew Miller (baseball)">Andrew Miller</a> became the first relief pitcher other than a closer to win a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/League_Championship_Series_Most_Valuable_Player_Award?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="League Championship Series Most Valuable Player Award">League Championship Series Most Valuable Player Award</a> when he was voted the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2016_ALCS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 ALCS">2016 ALCS</a> MVP. Setup pitchers typically make less than the MLB average salary.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Relief pitchers further down the line may be <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Journeyman_(sports)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Journeyman (sports)">journeymen</a> as their individual performances may vary greatly (often specialised to pitch against certain types of batters, such as to right-handed batters only or left-handed batters only), even though their team's relief pitching staff as a whole is overall effective.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58">[58]</a> The rising importance placed on relief pitchers is evident in the rising star power of the closer. It has gotten to the point where closers are among the biggest stars in the game, with status and salaries on par with starting pitchers. When closers play at home, and when they are called into the game to preserve a lead for the crucial last inning or those last couple of outs, many of them trot in from the bullpen to the pitchers mound accompanied by a theme song of their choice. For many years with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Yankees?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Yankees">Yankees</a>, Rivera entered the game accompanied by <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Metallica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Metallica">Metallica</a>'s "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enter_Sandman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enter Sandman">Enter Sandman</a>" booming over Yankee Stadium's sound system. When <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jonathan_Papelbon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jonathan Papelbon">Jonathan Papelbon</a> was with the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Red_Sox?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Red Sox">Red Sox</a>, his entry song was the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dropkick_Murphys?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dropkick Murphys">Dropkick Murphys</a>' "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/I%27m_Shipping_Up_to_Boston?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="I'm Shipping Up to Boston">I'm Shipping Up to Boston</a>", and Hoffman entered to the tune of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/AC/DC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="AC/DC">AC/DC</a>'s "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hells_Bells_(song)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hells Bells (song)">Hells Bells</a>".<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Nine pitchers are currently in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/National_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_and_Museum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum">Baseball Hall of Fame</a> chiefly for their accomplishments as relief pitchers: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hoyt_Wilhelm?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hoyt Wilhelm">Hoyt Wilhelm</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rollie_Fingers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rollie Fingers">Rollie Fingers</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dennis_Eckersley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dennis Eckersley">Dennis Eckersley</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bruce_Sutter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bruce Sutter">Bruce Sutter</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Goose_Gossage?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Goose Gossage">Goose Gossage</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trevor_Hoffman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Trevor Hoffman">Trevor Hoffman</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lee_Smith_(baseball)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lee Smith (baseball)">Lee Smith</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mariano_Rivera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mariano Rivera">Mariano Rivera</a>, and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Billy_Wagner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Billy Wagner">Billy Wagner</a>. Eckersley, who was considered the first modern closer pitching exclusively in ninth inning situations, also had a significant career as a starting pitcher and even threw a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/No-hitter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="No-hitter">no-hitter</a> in 1977. Another pitcher entering the Hall in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2015_Baseball_Hall_of_Fame_balloting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2015 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting">2015</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Smoltz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Smoltz">John Smoltz</a>, was primarily a starter, but spent four seasons as a reliever. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jim_Konstanty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jim Konstanty">Jim Konstanty</a> in 1950 was the first reliever to win the MLB MVP Award after a then-record 74 games, 16–7 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Win%E2%80%93loss_record_(pitching)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Win–loss record (pitching)">record</a>, 22 saves, and a 2.66 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ERA_(baseball)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ERA (baseball)">ERA</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mike_Marshall_(pitcher)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mike Marshall (pitcher)">Mike Marshall</a> in 1974 was the first reliever to win the Cy Young Award after a record 106 games, 15–12 record, 21 saves, and 208 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Innings_pitched?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Innings pitched">innings pitched</a>.<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-61">[61]</a> In 1992, Eckersley was the first modern closer (first player to be used almost exclusively in ninth inning situations)<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-zimniuch_p169-62">[62]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-jenkins-64">[64]</a> to win the Cy Young, and since then only one other relief pitcher has won the Cy Young, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ric_Gagn%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éric Gagné">Éric Gagné</a> in 2003 (also a closer). Three relief pitchers have won both the MVP and Cy Young Awards in a single season; Fingers in 1981, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Willie_Hern%C3%A1ndez?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Willie Hernández">Willie Hernández</a> in 1984, and Eckersley in 1992. <table class="wikitable"> <caption> Relievers who have won the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jackie_Robinson_Award?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jackie Robinson Award">Rookie of the Year Award</a> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>Year</th> <th>League</th> <th>Player</th> <th>Team</th> </tr> <tr> <td>1976</td> <td>National</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Butch_Metzger?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Butch Metzger">Butch Metzger</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/San_Diego_Padres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="San Diego Padres">San Diego Padres</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>1980</td> <td>National</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Steve_Howe_(baseball)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Steve Howe (baseball)">Steve Howe</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>1986</td> <td>National</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Todd_Worrell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Todd Worrell">Todd Worrell</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="St. Louis Cardinals">St. Louis Cardinals</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>1989</td> <td>American</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregg_Olson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gregg Olson">Gregg Olson</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baltimore_Orioles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baltimore Orioles">Baltimore Orioles</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>1999</td> <td>National</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Scott_Williamson?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Scott Williamson">Scott Williamson</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cincinnati_Reds?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cincinnati Reds">Cincinnati Reds</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>2000</td> <td>American</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kazuhiro_Sasaki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kazuhiro Sasaki">Kazuhiro Sasaki</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Seattle_Mariners?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Seattle Mariners">Seattle Mariners</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>2005</td> <td>American</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Huston_Street?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Huston Street">Huston Street</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oakland_Athletics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oakland Athletics">Oakland Athletics</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>2009</td> <td>American</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Andrew_Bailey_(baseball)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Andrew Bailey (baseball)">Andrew Bailey</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oakland_Athletics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oakland Athletics">Oakland Athletics</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td>American</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Neftal%C3%AD_Feliz?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Neftalí Feliz">Neftalí Feliz</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Texas_Rangers_(baseball)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Texas Rangers (baseball)">Texas Rangers</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td>National</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Craig_Kimbrel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Craig Kimbrel">Craig Kimbrel</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atlanta_Braves?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atlanta Braves">Atlanta Braves</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>2020</td> <td>National</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Devin_Williams_(baseball)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Devin Williams (baseball)">Devin Williams</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milwaukee_Brewers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milwaukee Brewers">Milwaukee Brewers</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> Relievers who have won the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cy_Young_Award?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cy Young Award">Cy Young Award</a> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>Year</th> <th>League</th> <th>Player</th> <th>Team</th> </tr> <tr> <td>1974</td> <td>National</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mike_Marshall_(pitcher)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mike Marshall (pitcher)">Mike Marshall</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>1977</td> <td>American</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sparky_Lyle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sparky Lyle">Sparky Lyle</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/New_York_Yankees?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="New York Yankees">New York Yankees</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>1979</td> <td>National</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bruce_Sutter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bruce Sutter">Bruce Sutter</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chicago_Cubs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Chicago Cubs">Chicago Cubs</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>1981</td> <td>American</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rollie_Fingers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rollie Fingers">Rollie Fingers</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milwaukee_Brewers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milwaukee Brewers">Milwaukee Brewers</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>1984</td> <td>American</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Willie_Hern%C3%A1ndez?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Willie Hernández">Willie Hernández</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Detroit_Tigers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Detroit Tigers">Detroit Tigers</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>1987</td> <td>National</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Steve_Bedrosian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Steve Bedrosian">Steve Bedrosian</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philadelphia Phillies">Philadelphia Phillies</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>1989</td> <td>National</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mark_Davis_(pitcher)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mark Davis (pitcher)">Mark Davis</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/San_Diego_Padres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="San Diego Padres">San Diego Padres</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>1992</td> <td>American</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dennis_Eckersley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dennis Eckersley">Dennis Eckersley</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oakland_Athletics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oakland Athletics">Oakland Athletics</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>2003</td> <td>National</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ric_Gagn%C3%A9?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éric Gagné">Éric Gagné</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Los_Angeles_Dodgers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Los Angeles Dodgers">Los Angeles Dodgers</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> Relievers who have won the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_Most_Valuable_Player_Award?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award">Major League Baseball Most Valuable Player Award</a> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>Year</th> <th>League</th> <th>Player</th> <th>Team</th> </tr> <tr> <td>1950</td> <td>National</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jim_Konstanty?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jim Konstanty">Jim Konstanty</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Philadelphia Phillies">Philadelphia Phillies</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>1981</td> <td>American</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rollie_Fingers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rollie Fingers">Rollie Fingers</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milwaukee_Brewers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milwaukee Brewers">Milwaukee Brewers</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>1984</td> <td>American</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Willie_Hern%C3%A1ndez?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Willie Hernández">Willie Hernández</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Detroit_Tigers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Detroit Tigers">Detroit Tigers</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td>1992</td> <td>American</td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dennis_Eckersley?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dennis Eckersley">Dennis Eckersley</a></td> <td><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oakland_Athletics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Oakland Athletics">Oakland Athletics</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Relief_pitcher&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style> <ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"> <noscript> <img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Baseball.svg/28px-Baseball.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="520"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Baseball.svg/28px-Baseball.svg.png" data-alt="icon" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-mw-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Baseball.svg/42px-Baseball.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Baseball.svg/56px-Baseball.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portal:Baseball?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portal:Baseball">Baseball portal</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/300_save_club?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="300 save club">300 save club</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hold_(baseball)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hold (baseball)">Hold</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/This_Year_in_Baseball_Awards?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="This Year in Baseball Awards">This Year in Baseball Awards</a> (including Starting Pitcher, Setup Pitcher, and Closer)</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Relief_pitcher&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: Notes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="zimniuch" class="citation book cs1">Zimniuch, Fran (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/firemanevolution0000zimn/page/6">Fireman: The Evolution of the Closer in Baseball</a>. Chicago: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Triumph_Books?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Triumph Books">Triumph Books</a>. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/firemanevolution0000zimn/page/6">6</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60078-312-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60078-312-8"><bdi>978-1-60078-312-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fireman%3A+The+Evolution+of+the+Closer+in+Baseball&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Triumph+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-60078-312-8&rft.aulast=Zimniuch&rft.aufirst=Fran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffiremanevolution0000zimn%2Fpage%2F6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKull1985" class="citation web cs1">Kull, Andrew (April 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.americanheritage.com/content/baseball%25E2%2580%2599s-greatest-pitcher">"Baseball's Greatest Pitcher"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/American_Heritage_(magazine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="American Heritage (magazine)">American Heritage</a>. Retrieved October 20, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Heritage&rft.atitle=Baseball%27s+Greatest+Pitcher&rft.date=1985-04&rft.aulast=Kull&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheritage.com%2Fcontent%2Fbaseball%25E2%2580%2599s-greatest-pitcher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarro2016" class="citation web cs1">Garro, Adrian (June 28, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://m.mlb.com/cutfour/2016/06/29/186835518/three-cubs-pitchers-play-left-field-in-cubs-15-inning-win-over-the-reds">"It's a Maddon world: Three pitchers played left field for the Cubs, and it worked"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MLB.com?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a>. Retrieved October 21, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=It%27s+a+Maddon+world%3A+Three+pitchers+played+left+field+for+the+Cubs%2C+and+it+worked&rft.date=2016-06-28&rft.aulast=Garro&rft.aufirst=Adrian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.mlb.com%2Fcutfour%2F2016%2F06%2F29%2F186835518%2Fthree-cubs-pitchers-play-left-field-in-cubs-15-inning-win-over-the-reds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#zimniuch">Zimniuch 2010</a>, p. 7.</li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#zimniuch">Zimniuch 2010</a>, pp. 10, 15.</li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#zimniuch">Zimniuch 2010</a>, pp. 21–22.</li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#zimniuch">Zimniuch 2010</a>, pp. 22–23.</li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/g/grovele01.shtml">"Lefty Grove Stats - Baseball-Reference.com"</a>. Baseball-Reference.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball-Reference.com&rft.atitle=Lefty+Grove+Stats+-+Baseball-Reference.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fplayers%2Fg%2Fgrovele01.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#zimniuch">Zimniuch 2010</a>, p. 33.</li> <li id="cite_note-zimniuch_p34-10">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-zimniuch_p34_10-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-zimniuch_p34_10-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#zimniuch">Zimniuch 2010</a>, p. 34.</li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#zimniuch">Zimniuch 2010</a>, pp. 38–45.</li> <li id="cite_note-zimniuch_p80-12">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-zimniuch_p80_12-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-zimniuch_p80_12-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#zimniuch">Zimniuch 2010</a>, p. 80.</li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#zimniuch">Zimniuch 2010</a>, p. 129.</li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#zimniuch">Zimniuch 2010</a>, p. 78.</li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#zimniuch">Zimniuch 2010</a>, pp. 168–9.</li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#zimniuch">Zimniuch 2010</a>, p. 161.</li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121006065856/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/tom_verducci/10/31/tony.la.russa.retires/index.html">"Tony la Russa changed the game and now he leaves it on top - Tom Verducci - SI.com"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2011/writers/tom_verducci/10/31/tony.la.russa.retires/index.html">the original</a> on October 6, 2012. Retrieved October 25, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Tony+la+Russa+changed+the+game+and+now+he+leaves+it+on+top+-+Tom+Verducci+-+SI.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsportsillustrated.cnn.com%2F2011%2Fwriters%2Ftom_verducci%2F10%2F31%2Ftony.la.russa.retires%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/m/marshmi01.shtml">"Mike Marshall Stats - Baseball-Reference.com"</a>. Baseball-Reference.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball-Reference.com&rft.atitle=Mike+Marshall+Stats+-+Baseball-Reference.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fplayers%2Fm%2Fmarshmi01.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://bbref.com/pi/shareit/RZ1bT">"For single seasons, From 2008 to 2012, sorted by greatest Games Played: Results - Baseball-Reference.com"</a>. Baseball-Reference.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball-Reference.com&rft.atitle=For+single+seasons%2C+From+2008+to+2012%2C+sorted+by+greatest+Games+Played%3A+Results+-+Baseball-Reference.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbbref.com%2Fpi%2Fshareit%2FRZ1bT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://bbref.com/pi/shareit/hlV6i">"For single seasons, From 2006 to 2012, (requiring IP≥100 and At least 100% games in relief), sorted by greatest Games Played: Results - Baseball-Reference.com"</a>. Baseball-Reference.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball-Reference.com&rft.atitle=For+single+seasons%2C+From+2006+to+2012%2C+%28requiring+IP%E2%89%A5100+and+At+least+100%25+games+in+relief%29%2C+sorted+by+greatest+Games+Played%3A+Results+-+Baseball-Reference.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbbref.com%2Fpi%2Fshareit%2FhlV6i&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/23781702/the-cleveland-indians-bullpen-proves-baseball-gods-cruel">"Cleveland's bullpen proves the baseball gods are cruel"</a>. July 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cleveland%27s+bullpen+proves+the+baseball+gods+are+cruel&rft.date=2018-07-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F23781702%2Fthe-cleveland-indians-bullpen-proves-baseball-gods-cruel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.sportsnet.ca/baseball/mlb/washington-nationals-world-series-three-lessons-not-draw/">"Three lessons not to draw from Nationals' remarkable 2019 World Series win - Sportsnet.ca"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Three+lessons+not+to+draw+from+Nationals%27+remarkable+2019+World+Series+win+-+Sportsnet.ca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportsnet.ca%2Fbaseball%2Fmlb%2Fwashington-nationals-world-series-three-lessons-not-draw%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#zimniuch">Zimniuch 2010</a>, pp. xxi, 153–4.</li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#zimniuch">Zimniuch 2010</a>, pp. 159, 166–7.</li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-25">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#zimniuch">Zimniuch 2010</a>, p. 154.</li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#zimniuch">Zimniuch 2010</a>, p. 163.</li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-27">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#zimniuch">Zimniuch 2010</a>, pp. 165, 171–3.</li> <li id="cite_note-passan-28">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-passan_28-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-passan_28-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPassan2010" class="citation news cs1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jeff_Passan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jeff Passan">Passan, Jeff</a> (April 26, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119211627/http://ca.sports.yahoo.com/mlb/news?slug%3Djp-relievers042610">"Should managers play Scrabble with relievers?"</a>. Yahoo! Sports. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/mlb/news?slug%3Djp-relievers042610">the original</a> on January 19, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Should+managers+play+Scrabble+with+relievers%3F&rft.date=2010-04-26&rft.aulast=Passan&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fca.sports.yahoo.com%2Fmlb%2Fnews%3Fslug%3Djp-relievers042610&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-29">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#zimniuch">Zimniuch 2010</a>, p. 167.</li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-30">^</a> Baseball Explained by Phillip Mahony, McFarland Books, 2014. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.baseballexplained.com">www.baseballexplained.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813034018/http://www.baseballexplained.com/">Archived</a> August 13, 2014, at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theringer.com/mlb/2018/10/9/17954120/yankees-red-sox-game-3-aaron-boone-severino-lynn-green">"Aaron Boone's Game 3 Pitching Calls Were Confounding"</a>. October 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aaron+Boone%27s+Game+3+Pitching+Calls+Were+Confounding&rft.date=2018-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theringer.com%2Fmlb%2F2018%2F10%2F9%2F17954120%2Fyankees-red-sox-game-3-aaron-boone-severino-lynn-green&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/ryan-madson-and-the-dodgers-are-faltering-when-it-matters-most/">"Ryan Madson and the Dodgers Are Faltering when It Matters Most"</a>. October 25, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ryan+Madson+and+the+Dodgers+Are+Faltering+when+It+Matters+Most&rft.date=2018-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffivethirtyeight.com%2Ffeatures%2Fryan-madson-and-the-dodgers-are-faltering-when-it-matters-most%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJustice2018" class="citation web cs1">Justice, Richard (September 27, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.mlb.com/news/could-teams-use-opener-during-postseason/c-296180232">"Could the 'opener' be utilized in postseason?"</a>. MLB.com. Retrieved September 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=Could+the+%27opener%27+be+utilized+in+postseason%3F&rft.date=2018-09-27&rft.aulast=Justice&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Fcould-teams-use-opener-during-postseason%2Fc-296180232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/24884073/a-brief-history-bullpenning">"Openers? Bullpenning? It's not nearly as new as you think"</a>. October 4, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Openers%3F+Bullpenning%3F+It%27s+not+nearly+as+new+as+you+think&rft.date=2018-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F24884073%2Fa-brief-history-bullpenning&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-espn.com-35">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-espn.com_35-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-espn.com_35-1">b</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-espn.com_35-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/25024544/boston-red-sox-starters-won-world-series-bullpen">"Red Sox starters won the World Series -- from the bullpen"</a>. October 29, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Red+Sox+starters+won+the+World+Series+--+from+the+bullpen&rft.date=2018-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F25024544%2Fboston-red-sox-starters-won-world-series-bullpen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theringer.com/mlb-playoffs/2019/10/31/20941371/houston-astros-world-series-loss-aj-hinch-zack-greinke-gerrit-cole">"A.J. Hinch Lost His Managerial Magic, and the Astros Lost the World Series"</a>. October 31, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A.J.+Hinch+Lost+His+Managerial+Magic%2C+and+the+Astros+Lost+the+World+Series&rft.date=2019-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theringer.com%2Fmlb-playoffs%2F2019%2F10%2F31%2F20941371%2Fhouston-astros-world-series-loss-aj-hinch-zack-greinke-gerrit-cole&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.si.com/mlb/2019/11/04/nationals-astros-world-series-key-moments">"Inside the Moments That Flipped the World Series"</a>. November 4, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inside+the+Moments+That+Flipped+the+World+Series&rft.date=2019-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.si.com%2Fmlb%2F2019%2F11%2F04%2Fnationals-astros-world-series-key-moments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.espn.com/blog/sweetspot/post/_/id/5974/giants-just-good-enough-which-is-plenty">"Giants just good enough, which is plenty"</a>. October 24, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160312070254/http://espn.go.com/blog/sweetspot/post/_/id/5974/giants-just-good-enough-which-is-plenty">Archived</a> from the original on March 12, 2016. Retrieved March 11, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Giants+just+good+enough%2C+which+is+plenty&rft.date=2010-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fblog%2Fsweetspot%2Fpost%2F_%2Fid%2F5974%2Fgiants-just-good-enough-which-is-plenty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988">][ <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.espn.com/mlb/playoffs/2010/matchup/_/teams/giants-phillies">"2010 NLCS: San Francisco Giants vs. Philadelphia Phillies - MLB Playoffs"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303235805/http://espn.go.com/mlb/playoffs/2010/matchup/_/teams/giants-phillies">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved March 11, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2010+NLCS%3A+San+Francisco+Giants+vs.+Philadelphia+Phillies+-+MLB+Playoffs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2Fplayoffs%2F2010%2Fmatchup%2F_%2Fteams%2Fgiants-phillies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.espn.com/mlb/columns/story?columnist%3Dmatthews_wallace%26id%3D5716305">"Matthews: Girardi sank season in fifth inning"</a>. ESPN.com. October 23, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20161006151457/http://www.espn.com/mlb/columns/story?id%3D5716305%26columnist%3Dmatthews_wallace">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2016. Retrieved May 7, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPN.com&rft.atitle=Matthews%3A+Girardi+sank+season+in+fifth+inning&rft.date=2010-10-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2Fcolumns%2Fstory%3Fcolumnist%3Dmatthews_wallace%26id%3D5716305&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.espn.com/mlb/playoffs/2010/columns/story?columnist%3Dcaple_jim%26id%3D5715890">"Caple: Yankees come up flat, fall to Rangers in ALCS"</a>. October 22, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caple%3A+Yankees+come+up+flat%2C+fall+to+Rangers+in+ALCS&rft.date=2010-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2Fplayoffs%2F2010%2Fcolumns%2Fstory%3Fcolumnist%3Dcaple_jim%26id%3D5715890&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://m.mlb.com/news/article/100037776/did-you-know-madison-bumgarner-makes-history">"Did you know: Madison Bumgarner makes history"</a>. Major League Baseball. Retrieved December 5, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Major+League+Baseball&rft.atitle=Did+you+know%3A+Madison+Bumgarner+makes+history&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F100037776%2Fdid-you-know-madison-bumgarner-makes-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilverman2018" class="citation news cs1">Silverman, Michael (October 27, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bostonherald.com/sports/red_sox/2018/10/nathan_eovaldis_legend_grows_after_amazing_effort">"Nathan Eovaldi's legend grows after 'amazing' effort"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boston_Herald?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boston Herald">Boston Herald</a>. Retrieved October 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston+Herald&rft.atitle=Nathan+Eovaldi%27s+legend+grows+after+%27amazing%27+effort&rft.date=2018-10-27&rft.aulast=Silverman&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonherald.com%2Fsports%2Fred_sox%2F2018%2F10%2Fnathan_eovaldis_legend_grows_after_amazing_effort&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.mlb.com/news/nathan-eovaldi-a-red-sox-hero-in-game-3/c-299755566">"Sox inspired by Eovaldi's epic performance"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MLB.com?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=Sox+inspired+by+Eovaldi%27s+epic+performance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Fnathan-eovaldi-a-red-sox-hero-in-game-3%2Fc-299755566&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2803072-rick-porcello-cried-after-watching-nathan-eovaldis-performance-in-world-series">"Rick Porcello Cried After Watching Nathan Eovaldi's Performance in World Series"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bleacher_Report?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bleacher Report">Bleacher Report</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bleacher+Report&rft.atitle=Rick+Porcello+Cried+After+Watching+Nathan+Eovaldi%27s+Performance+in+World+Series&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbleacherreport.com%2Farticles%2F2803072-rick-porcello-cried-after-watching-nathan-eovaldis-performance-in-world-series&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.mlb.com/news/red-sox-win-2018-world-series-title/c-299876586">"Team of this century? Sox win 4th title since '04"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MLB.com?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=Team+of+this+century%3F+Sox+win+4th+title+since+%2704&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Fred-sox-win-2018-world-series-title%2Fc-299876586&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.ocregister.com/2018/10/28/david-price-changes-narrative-becomes-a-playoff-ace-for-red-sox-in-world-series-victory-over-dodgers/">"David Price changes narrative, becomes a playoff ace for Red Sox in World Series victory over Dodgers"</a>. October 29, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=David+Price+changes+narrative%2C+becomes+a+playoff+ace+for+Red+Sox+in+World+Series+victory+over+Dodgers&rft.date=2018-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ocregister.com%2F2018%2F10%2F28%2Fdavid-price-changes-narrative-becomes-a-playoff-ace-for-red-sox-in-world-series-victory-over-dodgers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.mlb.com/news/alex-cora-on-chris-sale-in-relief-in-game-5/c-299872994">"Sale will only relieve in G5 in 'perfect situation'"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MLB.com?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MLB.com">MLB.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MLB.com&rft.atitle=Sale+will+only+relieve+in+G5+in+%27perfect+situation%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Falex-cora-on-chris-sale-in-relief-in-game-5%2Fc-299872994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.salemnews.com/sports/joe-kelly-was-boston-s-unsung-hero-in-the-world/article_951f5576-db6e-11e8-89af-f7c4684326b4.html">"Joe Kelly was Boston's unsung hero in the World Series"</a>. October 29, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Joe+Kelly+was+Boston%27s+unsung+hero+in+the+World+Series&rft.date=2018-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salemnews.com%2Fsports%2Fjoe-kelly-was-boston-s-unsung-hero-in-the-world%2Farticle_951f5576-db6e-11e8-89af-f7c4684326b4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrisbee2015" class="citation web cs1">Brisbee, Grant (October 20, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.sbnation.com/2015/10/20/9579101/blue-jays-cliff-pennington-first-position-player-to-pitch">"Blue Jays' Cliff Pennington becomes first position player to pitch in the postseason"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/SB_Nation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="SB Nation">SB Nation</a>. Retrieved October 21, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SB+Nation&rft.atitle=Blue+Jays%27+Cliff+Pennington+becomes+first+position+player+to+pitch+in+the+postseason&rft.date=2015-10-20&rft.aulast=Brisbee&rft.aufirst=Grant&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbnation.com%2F2015%2F10%2F20%2F9579101%2Fblue-jays-cliff-pennington-first-position-player-to-pitch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKilgore2015" class="citation web cs1">Kilgore, Adam (October 21, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/sports/wp/2015/10/21/cliff-pennington-pitched-in-an-alcs-game-because-the-royals-are-a-storm/">"Cliff Pennington pitched in an ALCS game because the Royals are a storm"</a> – via www.washingtonpost.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cliff+Pennington+pitched+in+an+ALCS+game+because+the+Royals+are+a+storm&rft.date=2015-10-21&rft.aulast=Kilgore&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fsports%2Fwp%2F2015%2F10%2F21%2Fcliff-pennington-pitched-in-an-alcs-game-because-the-royals-are-a-storm%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/oct/09/new-york-yankees-boston-red-sox-record-playoff-defeat">"Red Sox inflict record playoff defeat on shellshocked Yankees"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/TheGuardian.com?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="TheGuardian.com">TheGuardian.com</a>. October 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheGuardian.com&rft.atitle=Red+Sox+inflict+record+playoff+defeat+on+shellshocked+Yankees&rft.date=2018-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsport%2F2018%2Foct%2F09%2Fnew-york-yankees-boston-red-sox-record-playoff-defeat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.theringer.com/mlb/2018/10/9/17954120/yankees-red-sox-game-3-aaron-boone-severino-lynn-green">"Aaron Boone's Game 3 Pitching Calls Were Confounding"</a>. October 9, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aaron+Boone%27s+Game+3+Pitching+Calls+Were+Confounding&rft.date=2018-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theringer.com%2Fmlb%2F2018%2F10%2F9%2F17954120%2Fyankees-red-sox-game-3-aaron-boone-severino-lynn-green&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogers2023" class="citation news cs1">Rogers, Jesse (February 13, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/35652660/source-extra-inning-extra-runner-rule-remain">"Source: Extra-inning, extra-runner rule to remain"</a>. ESPN.com. Retrieved February 13, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ESPN.com&rft.atitle=Source%3A+Extra-inning%2C+extra-runner+rule+to+remain&rft.date=2023-02-13&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Jesse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F35652660%2Fsource-extra-inning-extra-runner-rule-remain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-Rancel-54">^ <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rancel_54-0">a</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Rancel_54-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRancel2013" class="citation news cs1">Rancel, Tommy (June 24, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.espn.com/blog/sweetspot/post/_/id/37360/set-up-guys-who-would-be-worthy-all-stars">"Set-up guys who would be worthy All-Stars"</a>. ESPN.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141019194431/http://espn.go.com/blog/sweetspot/post/_/id/37360/set-up-guys-who-would-be-worthy-all-stars">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ESPN.com&rft.atitle=Set-up+guys+who+would+be+worthy+All-Stars&rft.date=2013-06-24&rft.aulast=Rancel&rft.aufirst=Tommy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fblog%2Fsweetspot%2Fpost%2F_%2Fid%2F37360%2Fset-up-guys-who-would-be-worthy-all-stars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-96cy-55"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-96cy_55-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.baseball-reference.com/awards/awards_1996.shtml%23ALcya">"1996 Awards Voting"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baseball-Reference.com?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball-Reference.com">Baseball-Reference.com</a>. Retrieved January 9, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Baseball-Reference.com&rft.atitle=1996+Awards+Voting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fawards%2Fawards_1996.shtml%23ALcya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="zimniuch" class="citation book cs1">Zimniuch, Fran (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/firemanevolution0000zimn/page/154">Fireman: The Evolution of the Closer in Baseball</a>. Chicago: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Triumph_Books?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Triumph Books">Triumph Books</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/firemanevolution0000zimn/page/154">154, 168</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60078-312-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60078-312-8"><bdi>978-1-60078-312-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fireman%3A+The+Evolution+of+the+Closer+in+Baseball&rft.place=Chicago&rft.pages=154%2C+168&rft.pub=Triumph+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-60078-312-8&rft.aulast=Zimniuch&rft.aufirst=Fran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffiremanevolution0000zimn%2Fpage%2F154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFelber2006" class="citation book cs1">Felber, Bill (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.com/books?id%3D-HZ3xF7DT7IC%26q%3Dsetup%2520man%26pg%3DPA102">The Book on the Book: An Inquiry Into Which Strategies in the Modern Game Actually Work</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/St._Martin%27s_Griffin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Martin's Griffin">St. Martin's Griffin</a>. p. 102. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-33265-5?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-33265-5"><bdi>978-0-312-33265-5</bdi></a>. Retrieved January 5, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Book+on+the+Book%3A+An+Inquiry+Into+Which+Strategies+in+the+Modern+Game+Actually+Work&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Griffin&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-312-33265-5&rft.aulast=Felber&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-HZ3xF7DT7IC%26q%3Dsetup%2520man%26pg%3DPA102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.espn.com/mlb/story/_/id/23781702/the-cleveland-indians-bullpen-proves-baseball-gods-cruel">"Cleveland's bullpen proves the baseball gods are cruel"</a>. July 11, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cleveland%27s+bullpen+proves+the+baseball+gods+are+cruel&rft.date=2018-07-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.espn.com%2Fmlb%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F23781702%2Fthe-cleveland-indians-bullpen-proves-baseball-gods-cruel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">^</a> Baseball Explained by Phillip Mahony, McFarland Books, 2014. See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.baseballexplained.com">www.baseballexplained.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20140813034018/http://www.baseballexplained.com/">Archived</a> August 13, 2014, at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-60">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#zimniuch">Zimniuch 2010</a>, p. 28.</li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-61">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#zimniuch">Zimniuch 2010</a>, p. 84.</li> <li id="cite_note-zimniuch_p169-62"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-zimniuch_p169_62-0">^</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#zimniuch">Zimniuch 2010</a>, p.169</li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.sports.yahoo.com/mlb/news?slug%3Djp-relievers042610">"MLB on Yahoo! Sports - News, Scores, Standings, Rumors, Fantasy Games"</a>. Yahoo Sports.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+Sports&rft.atitle=MLB+on+Yahoo%21+Sports+-+News%2C+Scores%2C+Standings%2C+Rumors%2C+Fantasy+Games&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fca.sports.yahoo.com%2Fmlb%2Fnews%3Fslug%3Djp-relievers042610&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> <li id="cite_note-jenkins-64"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relief_pitcher?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-jenkins_64-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJenkins2006" class="citation news cs1">Jenkins, Chris (September 25, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110628203118/http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060925/news_1s25saves.html">"Where's the fire?"</a>. <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/The_San_Diego_Union-Tribune?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="The San Diego Union-Tribune">The San Diego Union-Tribune</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060925/news_1s25saves.html">the original</a> on June 28, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+San+Diego+Union-Tribune&rft.atitle=Where%27s+the+fire%3F&rft.date=2006-09-25&rft.aulast=Jenkins&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.signonsandiego.com%2Funiontrib%2F20060925%2Fnews_1s25saves.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARelief+pitcher" class="Z3988"></li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Relief_pitcher&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.hardballtimes.com/main/article/examining-the-relief-of-relieving">Examining the Relief of Relieving, by Steve Treder; July 04, 2006</a> at hardballtimes.com.</li> </ul> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DRelief_pitcher%26oldid%3D1271125323">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Relief_pitcher&oldid=1271125323</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Relief_pitcher&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 22 January 2025, at 18:09 </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief_Pitcher" title="Relief Pitcher – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Relief Pitcher" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanceur_de_rel%25C3%25A8ve" title="Lanceur de relève – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lanceur de relève" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25B5%25AC%25EC%259B%2590_%25ED%2588%25AC%25EC%2588%2598" title="구원 투수 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="구원 투수" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanciatore_di_rilievo" title="Lanciatore di rilievo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lanciatore di rilievo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2581_%25D9%25BE%25D9%258A%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B4%25D8%25B1" title="ريليف پيتشر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ريليف پيتشر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2595%2591%25E6%258F%25B4%25E6%258A%2595%25E6%2589%258B" title="救援投手 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="救援投手" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief_pitcher" title="Relief pitcher – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Relief pitcher" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lan%25C3%25A7ador_secund%25C3%25A1rio" title="Lançador secundário – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lançador secundário" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A0%25D0%25B5%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2584-%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D1%2587%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580" title="Релиф-питчер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Релиф-питчер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief_pitcher" title="Relief pitcher – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Relief pitcher" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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