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</div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: directional overcurrent relay coordination problem</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8026</span> Solving Directional Overcurrent Relay Coordination Problem Using Artificial Bees Colony</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20H.%20Hussain">M. H. Hussain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Musirin"> I. Musirin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20F.%20Abidin"> A. F. Abidin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20R.%20A.%20Rahim"> S. R. A. Rahim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the implementation of Artificial Bees Colony (ABC) algorithm in solving Directional OverCurrent Relays (DOCRs) coordination problem for near-end faults occurring in fixed network topology. The coordination optimization of DOCRs is formulated as linear programming (LP) problem. The objective function is introduced to minimize the operating time of the associated relay which depends on the time multiplier setting. The proposed technique is to taken as a technique for comparison purpose in order to highlight its superiority. The proposed algorithms have been tested successfully on 8 bus test system. The simulation results demonstrated that the ABC algorithm which has been proved to have good search ability is capable in dealing with constraint optimization problems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20bees%20colony" title="artificial bees colony">artificial bees colony</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directional%20overcurrent%20relay%20coordination%20problem" title=" directional overcurrent relay coordination problem"> directional overcurrent relay coordination problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20settings" title=" relay settings"> relay settings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20multiplier%20setting" title=" time multiplier setting"> time multiplier setting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9892/solving-directional-overcurrent-relay-coordination-problem-using-artificial-bees-colony" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9892.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">330</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8025</span> Application of Optimization Techniques in Overcurrent Relay Coordination: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Auon%20Raza">Syed Auon Raza</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahir%20Mahmood"> Tahir Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Syed%20Basit%20Ali%20Bukhari"> Syed Basit Ali Bukhari </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In power system properly coordinated protection scheme is designed to make sure that only the faulty part of the system will be isolated when abnormal operating condition of the system will reach. The complexity of the system as well as the increased user demand and the deregulated environment enforce the utilities to improve system reliability by using a properly coordinated protection scheme. This paper presents overview of over current relay coordination techniques. Different techniques such as Deterministic Techniques, Meta Heuristic Optimization techniques, Hybrid Optimization Techniques, and Trial and Error Optimization Techniques have been reviewed in terms of method of their implementation, operation modes, nature of distribution system, and finally their advantages as well as the disadvantages. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20system" title="distribution system">distribution system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20coordination" title=" relay coordination"> relay coordination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Plug%20Setting%20Multiplier%20%28PSM%29" title=" Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM)"> Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3872/application-of-optimization-techniques-in-overcurrent-relay-coordination-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3872.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">399</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8024</span> Omni-Relay (OR) Scheme-Aided LTE-A Communication Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20Mahasneh">Hassan Mahasneh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abu%20Sesay"> Abu Sesay</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We propose the use of relay terminals at the cell edge of an LTE-based cellar system. Each relay terminal is equipped with an omni-directional antenna. We refer to this scheme as the Omni-Relay (OR) scheme. The OR scheme coordinates the inter-cell interference (ICI) stemming from adjacent cells and increases the desired signal level at cell-edge regions. To validate the performance of the OR scheme, we derive the average signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) and the average capacity and compare it with the conventional universal frequency reuse factor (UFRF). The results show that the proposed OR scheme provides higher average SINR and average capacity compared to the UFRF due to the assistance of the distributed relay nodes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20UFRF%20scheme" title="the UFRF scheme">the UFRF scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20OR%20scheme" title=" the OR scheme"> the OR scheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ICI" title=" ICI"> ICI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20terminals" title=" relay terminals"> relay terminals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SINR" title=" SINR"> SINR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectral%20efficiency" title=" spectral efficiency"> spectral efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42422/omni-relay-or-scheme-aided-lte-a-communication-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42422.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8023</span> Node Pair Selection Scheme in Relay-Aided Communication Based on Stable Marriage Problem</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tetsuki%20Taniguchi">Tetsuki Taniguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshio%20Karasawa"> Yoshio Karasawa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper describes a node pair selection scheme in relay-aided multiple source multiple destination communication system based on stable marriage problem. A general case is assumed in which all of source, relay and destination nodes are equipped with multiantenna and carry out multistream transmission. Based on several metrics introduced from inter-node channel condition, the preference order is determined about all source-relay and relay-destination relations, and then the node pairs are determined using Gale-Shapley algorithm. The computer simulations show that the effectiveness of node pair selection is larger in multihop communication. Some additional aspects which are different from relay-less case are also investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay" title="relay">relay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple%20input%20multiple%20output%20%28MIMO%29" title=" multiple input multiple output (MIMO)"> multiple input multiple output (MIMO)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiuser" title=" multiuser"> multiuser</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amplify%20and%20forward" title=" amplify and forward"> amplify and forward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stable%20marriage%20problem" title=" stable marriage problem"> stable marriage problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gale-Shapley%20algorithm" title=" Gale-Shapley algorithm"> Gale-Shapley algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10192/node-pair-selection-scheme-in-relay-aided-communication-based-on-stable-marriage-problem" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/10192.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">397</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8022</span> Optimal Protection Coordination in Distribution Systems with Distributed Generations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdorreza%20Rabiee">Abdorreza Rabiee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shahla%20Mohammad%20Hoseini%20Mirzaei"> Shahla Mohammad Hoseini Mirzaei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The advantages of distributed generations (DGs) based on renewable energy sources (RESs) leads to high penetration level of DGs in distribution network. With incorporation of DGs in distribution systems, the system reliability and security, as well as voltage profile, is improved. However, the protection of such systems is still challenging. In this paper, at first, the related papers are reviewed and then a practical scheme is proposed for coordination of OCRs in distribution system with DGs. The coordination problem is formulated as a nonlinear programming (NLP) optimization problem with the object function of minimizing total operating time of OCRs. The proposed method is studied based on a simple test system. The optimization problem is solved by General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) to calculate the optimal time dial setting (TDS) and also pickup current setting of OCRs. The results show the effectiveness of the proposed method and its applicability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20generation" title="distributed generation">distributed generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DG" title=" DG"> DG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distribution%20network" title=" distribution network"> distribution network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=over%20current%20relay" title=" over current relay"> over current relay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OCR" title=" OCR"> OCR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protection%20coordination" title=" protection coordination"> protection coordination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pickup%20current" title=" pickup current"> pickup current</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20dial%20setting" title=" time dial setting"> time dial setting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TDS" title=" TDS"> TDS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95260/optimal-protection-coordination-in-distribution-systems-with-distributed-generations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95260.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">138</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8021</span> Efficient Relay Selection Scheme Utilizing OVSF Code in Cooperative Communication System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeong-Seop%20Ahn">Yeong-Seop Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myoung-Jin%20Kim"> Myoung-Jin Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young-Min%20Ko"> Young-Min Ko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyoung-Kyu%20Song"> Hyoung-Kyu Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a relay selection scheme utilizing an orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) code in a cooperative communication. The relay selection scheme influences on the communication performance in the cooperative communication. Conventional relay selection schemes such as the best harmonic mean relay selection scheme or the threshold-based relay selection scheme should know information such as channel state information (CSI) in advance. The proposed relay selection scheme does not require information in advance by using a reference signal utilizing the OVSF code. The simulation result shows that bit error rate (BER) performance of proposed relay selection scheme is similar to the best harmonic mean relay selection scheme that is known as one of the optimal relay selection schemes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20communication" title="cooperative communication">cooperative communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20selection" title=" relay selection"> relay selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OFDM" title=" OFDM"> OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OVSF%20code" title=" OVSF code"> OVSF code</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32268/efficient-relay-selection-scheme-utilizing-ovsf-code-in-cooperative-communication-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32268.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">637</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8020</span> Efficient Single Relay Selection Scheme for Cooperative Communication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sung-Bok%20Choi">Sung-Bok Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun-Jun%20Shin"> Hyun-Jun Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyoung-Kyu%20Song"> Hyoung-Kyu Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a single relay selection scheme in cooperative communication. Decode and forward scheme is considered when a source node wants to cooperate with a single relay for data transmission. To use the proposed single relay selection scheme, the source node make a little different pattern signal which is not complex pattern and broadcasts it. The proposed scheme does not require the channel state information between the source node and candidates of the relay during the relay selection. Therefore, it is able to be used in many fields. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20selection" title="relay selection">relay selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20communication" title=" cooperative communication"> cooperative communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=df" title=" df"> df</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channel%20codes" title=" channel codes"> channel codes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3523/efficient-single-relay-selection-scheme-for-cooperative-communication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3523.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">670</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8019</span> Relay Node Selection Algorithm for Cooperative Communications in Wireless Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunmyeng%20Kim">Sunmyeng Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> IEEE 802.11a/b/g standards support multiple transmission rates. Even though the use of multiple transmission rates increase the WLAN capacity, this feature leads to the performance anomaly problem. Cooperative communication was introduced to relieve the performance anomaly problem. Data packets are delivered to the destination much faster through a relay node with high rate than through direct transmission to the destination at low rate. In the legacy cooperative protocols, a source node chooses a relay node only based on the transmission rate. Therefore, they are not so feasible in multi-flow environments since they do not consider the effect of other flows. To alleviate the effect, we propose a new relay node selection algorithm based on the transmission rate and channel contention level. Performance evaluation is conducted using simulation, and shows that the proposed protocol significantly outperforms the previous protocol in terms of throughput and delay. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20communications" title="cooperative communications">cooperative communications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MAC%20protocol" title=" MAC protocol"> MAC protocol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20node" title=" relay node"> relay node</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WLAN" title=" WLAN"> WLAN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7034/relay-node-selection-algorithm-for-cooperative-communications-in-wireless-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7034.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8018</span> A New Learning Automata-Based Algorithm to the Priority-Based Target Coverage Problem in Directional Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shaharuddin%20Salleh">Shaharuddin Salleh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Marouf"> Sara Marouf</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hosein%20Mohammadi"> Hosein Mohammadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Directional sensor networks (DSNs) have recently attracted a great deal of attention due to their extensive applications in a wide range of situations. One of the most important problems associated with DSNs is covering a set of targets in a given area and, at the same time, maximizing the network lifetime. This is due to limitation in sensing angle and battery power of the directional sensors. This problem gets more complicated by the possibility that targets may have different coverage requirements. In the present study, this problem is referred to as priority-based target coverage (PTC). As sensors are often densely deployed, organizing the sensors into several cover sets and then activating these cover sets successively is a promising solution to this problem. In this paper, we propose a learning automata-based algorithm to organize the directional sensors into several cover sets in such a way that each cover set could satisfy coverage requirements of all the targets. Several experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results demonstrated that the algorithms were able to contribute to solving the problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directional%20sensor%20networks" title="directional sensor networks">directional sensor networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=target%20coverage%20problem" title=" target coverage problem"> target coverage problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cover%20set%20formation" title=" cover set formation"> cover set formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20automata" title=" learning automata"> learning automata</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9205/a-new-learning-automata-based-algorithm-to-the-priority-based-target-coverage-problem-in-directional-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9205.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">414</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8017</span> Adaptive Transmission Scheme Based on Channel State in Dual-Hop System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seung-Jun%20Yu">Seung-Jun Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong-Jun%20Kim"> Yong-Jun Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jung-In%20Baik"> Jung-In Baik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyoung-Kyu%20Song"> Hyoung-Kyu Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a dual-hop relay based on channel state is studied. In the conventional relay scheme, a relay uses the same modulation method without reference to channel state. But, a relay uses an adaptive modulation method with reference to channel state. If the channel state is poor, a relay eliminates latter 2 bits and uses Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation. If channel state is good, a relay modulates the received symbols with 16-QAM symbols by using 4 bits. The performance of the proposed scheme for Symbol Error Rate (SER) and throughput is analyzed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20transmission" title="adaptive transmission">adaptive transmission</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=channel%20state" title=" channel state"> channel state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual-hop" title=" dual-hop"> dual-hop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hierarchical%20modulation" title=" hierarchical modulation"> hierarchical modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay" title=" relay"> relay</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52599/adaptive-transmission-scheme-based-on-channel-state-in-dual-hop-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52599.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">380</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8016</span> Efficient Broadcasting in Wireless Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Kyung%20An">Min Kyung An</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyuk%20Cho"> Hyuk Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we study the Minimum Latency Broadcast Scheduling (MLBS) problem in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The main issue of the MLBS problem is to compute schedules with the minimum number of timeslots such that a base station can broadcast data to all other sensor nodes with no collisions. Unlike existing works that utilize the traditional omni-directional WSNs, we target the directional WSNs where nodes can collaboratively determine and orientate their antenna directions. We first develop a 7-approximation algorithm, adopting directional WSNs. Our ratio is currently the best, to the best of our knowledge. We then validate the performance of the proposed algorithm through simulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=broadcast" title="broadcast">broadcast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collision-free" title=" collision-free"> collision-free</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directional%20antenna" title=" directional antenna"> directional antenna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=approximation" title=" approximation"> approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20networks" title=" wireless sensor networks"> wireless sensor networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42752/efficient-broadcasting-in-wireless-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">346</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8015</span> Transmission Line Protection Challenges under High Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources and Proposed Solutions: A Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melake%20Kuflom">Melake Kuflom</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> European power networks involve the use of multiple overhead transmission lines to construct a highly duplicated system that delivers reliable and stable electrical energy to the distribution level. The transmission line protection applied in the existing GB transmission network are normally independent unit differential and time stepped distance protection schemes, referred to as main-1 & main-2 respectively, with overcurrent protection as a backup. The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources, commonly referred as “weak sources,” into the power network resulted in the decline of fault level. Traditionally, the fault level of the GB transmission network has been strong; hence the fault current contribution is more than sufficient to ensure the correct operation of the protection schemes. However, numerous conventional coal and nuclear generators have been or about to shut down due to the societal requirement for CO2 emission reduction, and this has resulted in a reduction in the fault level on some transmission lines, and therefore an adaptive transmission line protection is required. Generally, greater utilization of renewable energy sources generated from wind or direct solar energy results in a reduction of CO2 carbon emission and can increase the system security and reliability but reduces the fault level, which has an adverse effect on protection. Consequently, the effectiveness of conventional protection schemes under low fault levels needs to be reviewed, particularly for future GB transmission network operating scenarios. The proposed paper will evaluate the transmission line challenges under high penetration of renewable energy sources andprovides alternative viable protection solutions based on the problem observed. The paper will consider the assessment ofrenewable energy sources (RES) based on a fully rated converter technology. The DIgSILENT Power Factory software tool will be used to model the network. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fault%20level" title="fault level">fault level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protection%20schemes" title=" protection schemes"> protection schemes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20settings" title=" relay settings"> relay settings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20coordination" title=" relay coordination"> relay coordination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy%20sources" title=" renewable energy sources"> renewable energy sources</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146109/transmission-line-protection-challenges-under-high-penetration-of-renewable-energy-sources-and-proposed-solutions-a-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146109.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">206</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8014</span> Data Rate Based Grouping Scheme for Cooperative Communications in Wireless LANs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunmyeng%20Kim">Sunmyeng Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> IEEE 802.11a/b/g standards provide multiple transmission rates, which can be changed dynamically according to the channel condition.Cooperative communications we reintroduced to improve the overallperformance of wireless LANs with the help of relay nodes with higher transmission rates. The cooperative communications are based on the fact that the transmission is much faster when sending data packets to a destination node through a relay node with higher transmission rate, rather than sending data directly to the destination node at low transmission rate. To apply the cooperative communications in wireless LAN, several MAC protocols have been proposed. Some of them can result in collisions among relay nodes in a dense network. In order to solve this problem, we propose a new protocol. Relay nodes are grouped based on their transmission rates. And then, relay nodes only in the highest group try to get channel access. Performance evaluation is conducted using simulation, and shows that the proposed protocol significantly outperforms the previous protocol in terms of throughput and collision probability. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20communications" title="cooperative communications">cooperative communications</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MAC%20protocol" title=" MAC protocol"> MAC protocol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20node" title=" relay node"> relay node</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WLAN" title=" WLAN"> WLAN</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26280/data-rate-based-grouping-scheme-for-cooperative-communications-in-wireless-lans" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8013</span> Field-Programmable Gate Array Based Tester for Protective Relay </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Bentarzi">H. Bentarzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Zitouni"> A. Zitouni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The reliability of the power grid depends on the successful operation of thousands of protective relays. The failure of one relay to operate as intended may lead the entire power grid to blackout. In fact, major power system failures during transient disturbances may be caused by unnecessary protective relay tripping rather than by the failure of a relay to operate. Adequate relay testing provides a first defense against false trips of the relay and hence improves power grid stability and prevents catastrophic bulk power system failures. The goal of this research project is to design and enhance the relay tester using a technology such as Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) card NI 7851. A PC based tester framework has been developed using Simulink power system model for generating signals under different conditions (faults or transient disturbances) and LabVIEW for developing the graphical user interface and configuring the FPGA. Besides, the interface system has been developed for outputting and amplifying the signals without distortion. These signals should be like the generated ones by the real power system and large enough for testing the relay’s functionality. The signals generated that have been displayed on the scope are satisfactory. Furthermore, the proposed testing system can be used for improving the performance of protective relay. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amplifier%20class%20D" title="amplifier class D">amplifier class D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field-programmable%20gate%20array%20%28FPGA%29" title=" field-programmable gate array (FPGA)"> field-programmable gate array (FPGA)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protective%20relay" title=" protective relay"> protective relay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tester" title=" tester"> tester</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74115/field-programmable-gate-array-based-tester-for-protective-relay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74115.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8012</span> Distance Protection Performance Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelsalam%20Omar">Abdelsalam Omar </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents simulation-based case study that indicate the need for accurate dynamic modeling of distance protection relay. In many cases, a static analysis based on current and voltage phasors may be sufficient to assess the performance of distance protection. There are several circumstances under which such a simplified study does not provide the depth of analysis necessary to obtain accurate results, however. This letter present study of the influences of magnetizing inrush and power swing on the performance of distance protection relay. One type of numerical distance protection relay has been investigated: 7SA511. The study has been performed in order to demonstrate the relay response when dynamic model of distance relay is utilized. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distance%20protection" title="distance protection">distance protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnitizing%20inrush" title=" magnitizing inrush"> magnitizing inrush</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20swing" title=" power swing"> power swing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20model%20of%20protection%20relays" title=" dynamic model of protection relays"> dynamic model of protection relays</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulatio" title=" simulatio"> simulatio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21116/distance-protection-performance-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/21116.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">488</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8011</span> Cooperative AF Scheme for Multi Source and Terminal in Edge of Cell Coverage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myoung-Jin%20Kim">Myoung-Jin Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang-Bin%20Ha"> Chang-Bin Ha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeong-Seop%20Ahn"> Yeong-Seop Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyoung-Kyu%20Song"> Hyoung-Kyu Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes a cooperative communication scheme for improve wireless communication performance. When the receiver is located in the edge of coverage, the signal from the transmitter is distorted for various reasons such as inter-cell interference (ICI), power reduction, incorrect channel estimation. In order to improve communication performance, the proposed scheme adds the relay. By the relay, the receiver has diversity gain. In this paper, two base stations, one relay and one destination are considered. The two base stations transmit same time to relay and destination. The relay forwarding to destination and the destination detects signals. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20communication" title="cooperative communication">cooperative communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity%20gain" title=" diversity gain"> diversity gain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OFDM" title=" OFDM"> OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MMSE" title=" MMSE"> MMSE</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42217/cooperative-af-scheme-for-multi-source-and-terminal-in-edge-of-cell-coverage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42217.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8010</span> Relay Node Placement for Connectivity Restoration in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Genetic Algorithms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hanieh%20Tarbiat%20Khosrowshahi">Hanieh Tarbiat Khosrowshahi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojtaba%20Shakeri"> Mojtaba Shakeri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of a set of sensor nodes with limited capability. WSNs may suffer from multiple node failures when they are exposed to harsh environments such as military zones or disaster locations and lose connectivity by getting partitioned into disjoint segments. Relay nodes (RNs) are alternatively introduced to restore connectivity. They cost more than sensors as they benefit from mobility, more power and more transmission range, enforcing a minimum number of them to be used. This paper addresses the problem of RN placement in a multiple disjoint network by developing a genetic algorithm (GA). The problem is reintroduced as the Steiner tree problem (which is known to be an NP-hard problem) by the aim of finding the minimum number of Steiner points where RNs are to be placed for restoring connectivity. An upper bound to the number of RNs is first computed to set up the length of initial chromosomes. The GA algorithm then iteratively reduces the number of RNs and determines their location at the same time. Experimental results indicate that the proposed GA is capable of establishing network connectivity using a reasonable number of RNs compared to the best existing work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connectivity%20restoration" title="connectivity restoration">connectivity restoration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genetic%20algorithms" title=" genetic algorithms"> genetic algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multiple-node%20failure" title=" multiple-node failure"> multiple-node failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20nodes" title=" relay nodes"> relay nodes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20sensor%20networks" title=" wireless sensor networks"> wireless sensor networks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85256/relay-node-placement-for-connectivity-restoration-in-wireless-sensor-networks-using-genetic-algorithms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85256.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">241</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8009</span> Relay Mining: Verifiable Multi-Tenant Distributed Rate Limiting</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Olshansky">Daniel Olshansky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramiro%20Rodr%C4%B1guez%20Colmeiro"> Ramiro Rodrıguez Colmeiro</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Relay Mining presents a scalable solution employing probabilistic mechanisms and crypto-economic incentives to estimate RPC volume usage, facilitating decentralized multitenant rate limiting. Network traffic from individual applications can be concurrently serviced by multiple RPC service providers, with costs, rewards, and rate limiting governed by a native cryptocurrency on a distributed ledger. Building upon established research in token bucket algorithms and distributed rate-limiting penalty models, our approach harnesses a feedback loop control mechanism to adjust the difficulty of mining relay rewards, dynamically scaling with network usage growth. By leveraging crypto-economic incentives, we reduce coordination overhead costs and introduce a mechanism for providing RPC services that are both geopolitically and geographically distributed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=remote%20procedure%20call" title="remote procedure call">remote procedure call</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crypto-economic" title=" crypto-economic"> crypto-economic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commit-reveal" title=" commit-reveal"> commit-reveal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decentralization" title=" decentralization"> decentralization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scalability" title=" scalability"> scalability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title=" blockchain"> blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rate%20limiting" title=" rate limiting"> rate limiting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=token%20bucket" title=" token bucket"> token bucket</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177065/relay-mining-verifiable-multi-tenant-distributed-rate-limiting" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177065.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">54</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8008</span> Improved Cooperative Communication Scheme in the Edge of Cell Coverage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Myoung-Jin%20Kim">Myoung-Jin Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yeong-Seop%20Ahn"> Yeong-Seop Ahn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyun-Jee%20Yang"> Hyun-Jee Yang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyoung-Kyu%20Song"> Hyoung-Kyu Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper proposes the new cooperative communication scheme for the wireless communication system. When the receiver is located in the edge of coverage, the signal from the transmitter is distorted by the inter-cell interference (ICI) and power reduction by distance. In order to improve communication performance, the proposed scheme adds the relay. By using the relay, the receiver receives the signal from the transmitter and relay at the same time. Therefore, the new cooperative communication scheme obtains diversity gain and is improved by the relay. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20communication" title="cooperative communication">cooperative communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity%20gain" title=" diversity gain"> diversity gain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OFDM" title=" OFDM"> OFDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MIMO" title=" MIMO"> MIMO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33098/improved-cooperative-communication-scheme-in-the-edge-of-cell-coverage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33098.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">609</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8007</span> Modelling and Simulation of Single Mode Optical Fiber Directional Coupler for Medical Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shilpa%20Kulkarni">Shilpa Kulkarni</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sujata%20Patrikar"> Sujata Patrikar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A single-mode fiber directional coupler is modeled and simulated for its application in medical field. Various fiber devices based on evanescent field absorption, interferometry, couplers, resonators, tip coated fibers, etc, have been developed so far, suitable for medical application. This work focuses on the possibility of sensing by single mode fiber directional coupler. In the preset work, a fiber directional coupler is modeled to detect the changes taking place in the surrounding medium optoelectronically. In this work, waveguiding characteristics of the fiber are studied in depth. The sensor is modeled and simulated by finding photocurrent, sensitivity and detection limit by varying various parameters of the directional coupler. The device is optimized for the best possible output. It is found that the directional coupler shows measurable photocurrents and good sensitivity with coupling length in micrometers. It is thus a miniature device, hence, suitable for medical applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20mode%20fiber%20directional%20coupler" title="single mode fiber directional coupler">single mode fiber directional coupler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modeling%20and%20simulation%20of%20fiber%20directional%20coupler%20sensor" title=" modeling and simulation of fiber directional coupler sensor"> modeling and simulation of fiber directional coupler sensor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomolecular%20sensing" title=" biomolecular sensing"> biomolecular sensing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20sensor%20device" title=" medical sensor device"> medical sensor device</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84917/modelling-and-simulation-of-single-mode-optical-fiber-directional-coupler-for-medical-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">273</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8006</span> Realistic Testing Procedure of Power Swing Blocking Function in Distance Relay</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Farzad%20Razavi">Farzad Razavi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behrooz%20Taheri"> Behrooz Taheri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Parpaei"> Mohammad Parpaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20Mohammadi%20Ghalesefidi"> Mehdi Mohammadi Ghalesefidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siamak%20Zarei"> Siamak Zarei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As one of the major problems in protecting large-dimension power systems, power swing and its effect on distance have caused a lot of damages to energy transfer systems in many parts of the world. Therefore, power swing has gained attentions of many researchers, which has led to invention of different methods for power swing detection. Power swing detection algorithm is highly important in distance relay, but protection relays should have general requirements such as correct fault detection, response rate, and minimization of disturbances in a power system. To ensure meeting the requirements, protection relays need different tests during development, setup, maintenance, configuration, and troubleshooting steps. This paper covers power swing scheme of the modern numerical relay protection, 7sa522 to address the effect of the different fault types on the function of the power swing blocking. In this study, it was shown that the different fault types during power swing cause different time for unblocking distance relay. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20swing" title="power swing">power swing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distance%20relay" title=" distance relay"> distance relay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20system%20protection" title=" power system protection"> power system protection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20test" title=" relay test"> relay test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20in%20power%20system" title=" transient in power system"> transient in power system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82234/realistic-testing-procedure-of-power-swing-blocking-function-in-distance-relay" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82234.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8005</span> Simulation and Optimization of Hybrid Energy System Autonomous PV-Diesel-Wind Power with Battery Storage for Relay Antenna Telecommunication</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahri%20Toufik">Tahri Toufik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bouchachia%20Mohamed"> Bouchachia Mohamed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Braikia%20Oussama"> Braikia Oussama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this work is the design and optimization of a hybrid PV-Diesel-Wind power system with storage in order to power a relay antenna telecommunication isolated in Chlef region. The aim of the simulation of this hybrid system by the HOMER software is to determine the size and the number of each element of the system and to determine the optimal technical and economic configuration using monthly average values per year for a fixed charge antenna relay telecommunication of 22kWh/d. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HOMER" title="HOMER">HOMER</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid" title=" hybrid"> hybrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PV-diesel-wind%20system" title=" PV-diesel-wind system"> PV-diesel-wind system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20antenna%20telecommunication" title=" relay antenna telecommunication"> relay antenna telecommunication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15856/simulation-and-optimization-of-hybrid-energy-system-autonomous-pv-diesel-wind-power-with-battery-storage-for-relay-antenna-telecommunication" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">515</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8004</span> Aggregation Scheduling Algorithms in Wireless Sensor Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Min%20Kyung%20An">Min Kyung An</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Wireless Sensor Networks which consist of tiny wireless sensor nodes with limited battery power, one of the most fundamental applications is data aggregation which collects nearby environmental conditions and aggregates the data to a designated destination, called a sink node. Important issues concerning the data aggregation are time efficiency and energy consumption due to its limited energy, and therefore, the related problem, named Minimum Latency Aggregation Scheduling (MLAS), has been the focus of many researchers. Its objective is to compute the minimum latency schedule, that is, to compute a schedule with the minimum number of timeslots, such that the sink node can receive the aggregated data from all the other nodes without any collision or interference. For the problem, the two interference models, the graph model and the more realistic physical interference model known as Signal-to-Interference-Noise-Ratio (SINR), have been adopted with different power models, uniform-power and non-uniform power (with power control or without power control), and different antenna models, omni-directional antenna and directional antenna models. In this survey article, as the problem has proven to be NP-hard, we present and compare several state-of-the-art approximation algorithms in various models on the basis of latency as its performance measure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20aggregation" title="data aggregation">data aggregation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=convergecast" title=" convergecast"> convergecast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gathering" title=" gathering"> gathering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=approximation" title=" approximation"> approximation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interference" title=" interference"> interference</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=omni-directional" title=" omni-directional"> omni-directional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=directional" title=" directional"> directional</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71859/aggregation-scheduling-algorithms-in-wireless-sensor-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71859.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">229</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8003</span> Research on Supply Chain Coordination Based on Lateral Transshipment in the Background of New Retail</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yue%20Meng">Yue Meng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lingyun%20Wei"> Lingyun Wei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the coordination problem of a supply chain system composed of multiple retailers and manufacturers is studied under the background of the new retail supply chain. Taking a system composed of two retailers and one manufacturer as an example, this paper introduces an online store owned by the manufacturer to reflect the characteristics of the combination of online and offline new retail. Then, this paper gives the conditions that need to be satisfied to realize the coordination between retailers and manufacturers, such as the revenue sharing coefficient. The supply chain coordination model is compared with the newsboy model through a specific example. Finally, the conclusion is drawn that the profits of the coordinated supply chain and its members are better than the corresponding profits under the newsboy model; that is, the coordination of the supply chain is realized by using the revenue sharing contract and the transshipment fund mechanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transshipment" title="transshipment">transshipment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coordination" title=" coordination"> coordination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-retailer" title=" multi-retailer"> multi-retailer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=revenue-sharing%20contract" title=" revenue-sharing contract"> revenue-sharing contract</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151591/research-on-supply-chain-coordination-based-on-lateral-transshipment-in-the-background-of-new-retail" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151591.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8002</span> Determination of Frequency Relay Setting during Distributed Generators Islanding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20Kandil">Tarek Kandil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ameen%20Ali"> Ameen Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Distributed generation (DG) has recently gained a lot of momentum in power industry due to market deregulation and environmental concerns. One of the most technical challenges facing DGs is islanding of distributed generators. The current industry practice is to disconnect all distributed generators immediately after the occurrence of islands within 200 to 350 ms after loss of main supply. To achieve such goal, each DG must be equipped with an islanding detection device. Frequency relays are one of the most commonly used loss of mains detection method. However, distribution utilities may be faced with concerns related to false operation of these frequency relays due to improper settings. The commercially available frequency relays are considering standard tight setting. This paper investigates some factors related to relays internal algorithm that contribute to their different operating responses. Further, the relay operation in the presence of multiple distributed at the same network is analyzed. Finally, the relay setting can be accurately determined based on these investigation and analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20relay" title="frequency relay">frequency relay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distributed%20generation" title=" distributed generation"> distributed generation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=islanding%20detection" title=" islanding detection"> islanding detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relay%20setting" title=" relay setting"> relay setting</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18304/determination-of-frequency-relay-setting-during-distributed-generators-islanding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18304.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">533</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8001</span> Exciting Voltage Control for Efficiency Maximization for 2-D Omni-Directional Wireless Power Transfer Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masato%20Sasaki">Masato Sasaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masayoshi%20Yamamoto"> Masayoshi Yamamoto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The majority of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems transfer power in a directional manner. This paper describes a discrete exciting voltage control technique for WPT via magnetic resonant coupling with two orthogonal transmitter coils (2D omni-directional WPT system) which can maximize the power transfer efficiency in response to the change of coupling status. The theory allows the equations of the efficiency of the system to be determined at all the rate of the mutual inductance. The calculated results are included to confirm the advantage to one directional WPT system and the validity of the theory and the equations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20power%20transfer" title="wireless power transfer">wireless power transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=omni-directional" title=" omni-directional"> omni-directional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=orthogonal" title=" orthogonal"> orthogonal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=efficiency" title=" efficiency"> efficiency</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61604/exciting-voltage-control-for-efficiency-maximization-for-2-d-omni-directional-wireless-power-transfer-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/61604.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">8000</span> A Cooperative Signaling Scheme for Global Navigation Satellite Systems</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keunhong%20Chae">Keunhong Chae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seokho%20Yoon"> Seokho Yoon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) such as Galileo and GPS is employing more satellites to provide a higher degree of accuracy for the location service, thus calling for a more efficient signaling scheme among the satellites used in the overall GNSS network. In that the network throughput is improved, the spatial diversity can be one of the efficient signaling schemes; however, it requires multiple antenna that could cause a significant increase in the complexity of the GNSS. Thus, a diversity scheme called the cooperative signaling was proposed, where the virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) signaling is realized with using only a single antenna in the transmit satellite of interest and with modeling the neighboring satellites as relay nodes. The main drawback of the cooperative signaling is that the relay nodes receive the transmitted signal at different time instants, i.e., they operate in an asynchronous way, and thus, the overall performance of the GNSS network could degrade severely. To tackle the problem, several modified cooperative signaling schemes were proposed; however, all of them are difficult to implement due to a signal decoding at the relay nodes. Although the implementation at the relay nodes could be simpler to some degree by employing the time-reversal and conjugation operations instead of the signal decoding, it would be more efficient if we could implement the operations of the relay nodes at the source node having more resources than the relay nodes. So, in this paper, we propose a novel cooperative signaling scheme, where the data signals are combined in a unique way at the source node, thus obviating the need of the complex operations such as signal decoding, time-reversal and conjugation at the relay nodes. The numerical results confirm that the proposed scheme provides the same performance in the cooperative diversity and the bit error rate (BER) as the conventional scheme, while reducing the complexity at the relay nodes significantly. Acknowledgment: This work was supported by the National GNSS Research Center program of Defense Acquisition Program Administration and Agency for Defense Development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=global%20navigation%20satellite%20network" title="global navigation satellite network">global navigation satellite network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20signaling" title=" cooperative signaling"> cooperative signaling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20combining" title=" data combining"> data combining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nodes" title=" nodes"> nodes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54855/a-cooperative-signaling-scheme-for-global-navigation-satellite-systems" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54855.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7999</span> Throughput of Point Coordination Function (PCF)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faisel%20Eltuhami%20Alzaalik">Faisel Eltuhami Alzaalik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Imhemed%20Alramli"> Omar Imhemed Alramli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Mohamed%20Elaieb"> Ahmed Mohamed Elaieb</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The IEEE 802.11 defines two modes of MAC, distributed coordination function (DCF) and point coordination function (PCF) mode. The first sub-layer of the MAC is the distributed coordination function (DCF). A contention algorithm is used via DCF to provide access to all traffic. The point coordination function (PCF) is the second sub-layer used to provide contention-free service. PCF is upper DCF and it uses features of DCF to establish guarantee access of its users. Some papers and researches that have been published in this technology were reviewed in this paper, as well as talking briefly about the distributed coordination function (DCF) technology. The simulation of the PCF function have been applied by using a simulation program called network simulator (NS2) and have been found out the throughput of a transmitter system by using this function. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DCF" title="DCF">DCF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PCF" title=" PCF"> PCF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=throughput" title=" throughput"> throughput</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NS2" title=" NS2"> NS2</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2456/throughput-of-point-coordination-function-pcf" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2456.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">577</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7998</span> Cognitive Relaying in Interference Limited Spectrum Sharing Environment: Outage Probability and Outage Capacity</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md%20Fazlul%20Kader">Md Fazlul Kader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soo%20Young%20Shin"> Soo Young Shin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we consider a cognitive relay network (CRN) in which the primary receiver (PR) is protected by peak transmit power $\bar{P}_{ST}$ and/or peak interference power Q constraints. In addition, the interference effect from the primary transmitter (PT) is considered to show its impact on the performance of the CRN. We investigate the outage probability (OP) and outage capacity (OC) of the CRN by deriving closed-form expressions over Rayleigh fading channel. Results show that both the OP and OC improve by increasing the cooperative relay nodes as well as when the PT is far away from the SR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognitive%20relay" title="cognitive relay">cognitive relay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outage" title=" outage"> outage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interference%20limited" title=" interference limited"> interference limited</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decode-and-forward%20%28DF%29" title=" decode-and-forward (DF)"> decode-and-forward (DF)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26694/cognitive-relaying-in-interference-limited-spectrum-sharing-environment-outage-probability-and-outage-capacity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26694.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">512</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">7997</span> Authorization of Commercial Communication Satellite Grounds for Promoting Turkish Data Relay System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Celal%20Dudak">Celal Dudak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asl%C4%B1%20Utku"> Aslı Utku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Burak%20Ya%C4%9Flio%C4%9Flu"> Burak Yağlioğlu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Uninterrupted and continuous satellite communication through the whole orbit time is becoming more indispensable every day. Data relay systems are developed and built for various high/low data rate information exchanges like TDRSS of USA and EDRSS of Europe. In these missions, a couple of task-dedicated communication satellites exist. In this regard, for Turkey a data relay system is attempted to be defined exchanging low data rate information (i.e. TTC) for Earth-observing LEO satellites appointing commercial GEO communication satellites all over the world. First, justification of this attempt is given, demonstrating duration enhancements in the link. Discussion of preference of RF communication is, also, given instead of laser communication. Then, preferred communication GEOs – including TURKSAT4A already belonging to Turkey- are given, together with the coverage enhancements through STK simulations and the corresponding link budget. Also, a block diagram of the communication system is given on the LEO satellite. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title="communication">communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GEO%20satellite" title=" GEO satellite"> GEO satellite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=data%20relay%20system" title=" data relay system"> data relay system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coverage" title=" coverage"> coverage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45926/authorization-of-commercial-communication-satellite-grounds-for-promoting-turkish-data-relay-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45926.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span 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