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heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">机翼</span></h1> <div class="tagline">航空器部件</div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="语言" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>语言</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>监视</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r85100532">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:2em;margin-bottom:0.8em;margin-top:0.8em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img::after{content:"\202f \202f \202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small::after{content:"\202f \202f "}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .hatnote-notice-img-small{display:none}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><span class="noviewer hatnote-notice-img" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/24px-Confusion_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/36px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Confusion_grey.svg/48px-Confusion_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200"></a></span><b>提示</b>：此条目页的主题不是<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%9E%E7%BF%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="雞翼">雞翼</a></b>或<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%9E%E7%BF%85_(%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E7%BE%A9)" class="mw-disambig" title="雞翅 (消歧義)">雞翅 (消歧義)</a></b>。</div> <p><b>机翼</b>是为<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E5%AE%9A%E7%BF%BC%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E5%99%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="固定翼航空器">固定翼航空器</a>（包括<a href="/wiki/%E9%A3%9E%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="飞机">飞机</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E7%BF%94%E6%9C%BA" title="滑翔机">滑翔机</a>）提供升力的主要部件，模仿<a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%A5%E9%A1%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="鳥類">鳥類</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%85%E8%86%80" title="翅膀">翅膀</a>，維持其在空中的穩定飛行以及提供必要的操纵力。机翼上通常安装有固定翼航空器的主操纵面－副翼，以及辅助操纵装置襟翼。 </p><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aircraft_flaps.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Aircraft_flaps.svg/270px-Aircraft_flaps.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="431" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Aircraft_flaps.svg/405px-Aircraft_flaps.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Aircraft_flaps.svg/540px-Aircraft_flaps.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1285" data-file-height="2050"></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>在机翼内部可以装载燃油、设备、武器，在机翼上可以安装起落架、发动机，悬挂导弹和副邮箱等外挂设备。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">目录</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC%E7%9A%84%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%8F%82%E6%95%B0"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">机翼的几何参数</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E5%8F%97%E5%8A%9B%E6%9E%84%E4%BB%B6"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">机翼上的主要受力构件</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC%E4%B8%8A%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E6%93%8D%E7%BA%B5%E9%9D%A2"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">机翼上的主要操纵面</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC%E8%A1%A8%E9%9D%A2%E7%9A%84%E4%B8%BB%E8%A6%81%E9%99%84%E5%B1%9E%E8%A3%85%E7%BD%AE"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">机翼表面的主要附属装置</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#%E5%8D%87%E5%8A%9B%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">升力原理</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#%E5%8F%83%E8%80%83%E6%A2%9D%E7%9B%AE"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">參考條目</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#%E5%8F%83%E8%80%83%E8%B3%87%E6%96%99"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">參考資料</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#%E5%A4%96%E9%83%A8%E9%93%BE%E6%8E%A5"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">外部链接</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="机翼的几何参数"><span id=".E6.9C.BA.E7.BF.BC.E7.9A.84.E5.87.A0.E4.BD.95.E5.8F.82.E6.95.B0"></span>机翼的几何参数</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：机翼的几何参数" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E7%BC%98" title="前缘">前缘</a>：机翼的前部边缘。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E7%B7%A3" title="後緣">後緣</a>：机翼的后部边缘。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%BC%E5%B1%95" title="翼展">翼展</a>：機翼兩尖端的直線距離。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%BC%E5%BC%A6" title="翼弦">弦长</a>：机翼前缘到后缘的距离，通常沿平行于机身纵轴的方向测量。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%95%E5%BC%A6%E6%AF%94" title="展弦比">展弦比</a>：翼展和<a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%BC%E5%BC%A6" title="翼弦">标准平均弦长</a>的比值。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BC%B8%E7%B8%AE%E6%AF%94" title="漸縮比">漸縮比</a>：翼根弦长与翼尖弦长的比值。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%9B%B8%E5%AF%B9%E5%8E%9A%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="相对厚度（页面不存在）">相对厚度</a>：机翼翼型最大厚度与翼弦的比值。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%BC%E5%89%96%E9%9D%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="翼剖面">翼剖面</a>：机翼橫切面的形狀。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8E%A0%E8%A7%92" title="掠角">掠角</a>：机翼设计中心线与机身垂直线的夹角。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%AD%E8%BD%AC" title="扭转">扭转</a>：包括气动扭转和几何扭转。气动扭转是指翼剖面沿展向的渐变；几何扭转是指机翼横切面攻角沿展向的渐变。通过扭转来改善机翼的气动特性，避免翼尖先于机翼其他部分失速。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8D%E8%A7%92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="反角（页面不存在）">反角</a>：机翼平面与机身平面所夹的角度。机翼平面位于机身平面之上时称之为上反角，反之为下反角。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A3%9D%E7%BD%AE%E8%A7%92" title="裝置角">裝置角</a> : 機翼弦線與機身的夾角。</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="机翼上的主要受力构件"><span id=".E6.9C.BA.E7.BF.BC.E4.B8.8A.E7.9A.84.E4.B8.BB.E8.A6.81.E5.8F.97.E5.8A.9B.E6.9E.84.E4.BB.B6"></span>机翼上的主要受力构件</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：机翼上的主要受力构件" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>作用在机翼上的外载荷主要分为分布载荷和集中载荷。为承担载荷，需要设计相应的受力构件。基本的受力构件有纵向骨架、横向骨架、蒙皮和接头等。<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="机翼上的主要操纵面"><span id=".E6.9C.BA.E7.BF.BC.E4.B8.8A.E7.9A.84.E4.B8.BB.E8.A6.81.E6.93.8D.E7.BA.B5.E9.9D.A2"></span>机翼上的主要操纵面</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：机翼上的主要操纵面" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PlaneWing.png" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/PlaneWing.png/200px-PlaneWing.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="189" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="968"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 189px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/PlaneWing.png/200px-PlaneWing.png" data-width="200" data-height="189" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/PlaneWing.png/300px-PlaneWing.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/PlaneWing.png/400px-PlaneWing.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>机翼上的操纵面与附属装置<br> 1. 翼尖小翼<br> 2. 低速副翼<br> 3. 高速副翼<br> 4. 襟翼滑轨整流罩<br> 5. 前缘襟翼－克鲁格襟翼<br> 6. 前缘缝翼<br> 7. 内侧襟翼<br> 8. 外侧襟翼<br> 9. 扰流板<br> 10. 扰流板-减速板<br> <b>注1：以上仅为示意图，在具体机型上，各位置上部件因设计理念的不同，其实际构型、功能和名称也有可能不同。</b><br> 注2：图中7和8所反映的是襟翼的三个不同工作位置，而非三层襟翼。 </figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%9F%E7%BF%BC" title="襟翼">襟翼</a>：在機翼前缘或後緣安装的可以活动的翼面，用以增加機翼面積和弯度，提高機翼的升力系数，起到增加升力的作用。襟翼大多安装在机翼后缘，安装在前缘的襟翼特称为前緣襟翼。</li></ul> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aircraft_wing_flaps_small_dsc06830.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="襟翼部分展开"><noscript><img alt="襟翼部分展开" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Aircraft_wing_flaps_small_dsc06830.jpg/78px-Aircraft_wing_flaps_small_dsc06830.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1638" data-file-height="2505"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 78px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Aircraft_wing_flaps_small_dsc06830.jpg/78px-Aircraft_wing_flaps_small_dsc06830.jpg" data-alt="襟翼部分展开" data-width="78" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Aircraft_wing_flaps_small_dsc06830.jpg/118px-Aircraft_wing_flaps_small_dsc06830.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Aircraft_wing_flaps_small_dsc06830.jpg/157px-Aircraft_wing_flaps_small_dsc06830.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">襟翼部分展开</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aircraft_wing_flaps_full_dsc06835.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="全襟翼"><noscript><img alt="全襟翼" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Aircraft_wing_flaps_full_dsc06835.jpg/78px-Aircraft_wing_flaps_full_dsc06835.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1578" data-file-height="2430"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 78px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Aircraft_wing_flaps_full_dsc06835.jpg/78px-Aircraft_wing_flaps_full_dsc06835.jpg" data-alt="全襟翼" data-width="78" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Aircraft_wing_flaps_full_dsc06835.jpg/117px-Aircraft_wing_flaps_full_dsc06835.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Aircraft_wing_flaps_full_dsc06835.jpg/156px-Aircraft_wing_flaps_full_dsc06835.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">全襟翼</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aircraft_wing_flaps_full_airbrakes_dsc06838.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="全襟翼，扰流板打开。"><noscript><img alt="全襟翼，扰流板打开。" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Aircraft_wing_flaps_full_airbrakes_dsc06838.jpg/90px-Aircraft_wing_flaps_full_airbrakes_dsc06838.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 90px;height: 120px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Aircraft_wing_flaps_full_airbrakes_dsc06838.jpg/90px-Aircraft_wing_flaps_full_airbrakes_dsc06838.jpg" data-alt="全襟翼，扰流板打开。" data-width="90" data-height="120" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Aircraft_wing_flaps_full_airbrakes_dsc06838.jpg/135px-Aircraft_wing_flaps_full_airbrakes_dsc06838.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Aircraft_wing_flaps_full_airbrakes_dsc06838.jpg/180px-Aircraft_wing_flaps_full_airbrakes_dsc06838.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">全襟翼，扰流板打开。</div> </li> </ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D%E7%BC%98%E7%BC%9D%E7%BF%BC" title="前缘缝翼">前缘缝翼</a>：正常工作时与机翼主体产生缝隙，可使机翼下表面部分空气流经上表面从而推迟气流分离的出现，增加机翼的临界迎角。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%AF%E7%BF%BC" title="副翼">副翼</a>（aileron）：通常安装在机翼后缘外侧的活动翼面，用以控制航空器的滚转姿态。某些高速飞机为减小副翼偏转所引起的机翼扭转变形，还装有内侧副翼。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%9F%E5%89%AF%E7%BF%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="襟副翼（页面不存在）">襟副翼</a>：机翼后缘内侧的活动翼面，常见于大型飞机，巡航飞行时与副翼功能一致，以减少副翼的气动弹性影响，降低滚转操纵功效，低速飞行时同襟翼联动。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B0%E6%B5%81%E6%9D%BF_(%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA)" title="扰流板 (航空)">扰流板</a>（spoiler panel）：安装在机翼上表面可被操纵打开的平板，可用于减小升力、增加阻力和增强滚转操纵。当两侧机翼的扰流板对称打开时，此时的作用主要是增加阻力和减小升力，从而达到减小速度、降低高度的目的，因此也被称为减速板；而当其不对称打开时（通常由驾驶员的滚转操纵而引发），两侧机翼的升力随之不对称，使得滚转操纵功效大幅度增加，从而加速航空器滚转。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%85%8D%E5%B9%B3%E7%89%87&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="配平片（页面不存在）">配平片</a>：是安装在操纵面上可相对操纵面运动的装置，通常用于平衡作用在操纵面上的气动力矩。当达到力矩平衡状态时，传统操纵系统上将感受不到来自相应操纵面上的气动作用力。</li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="机翼表面的主要附属装置"><span id=".E6.9C.BA.E7.BF.BC.E8.A1.A8.E9.9D.A2.E7.9A.84.E4.B8.BB.E8.A6.81.E9.99.84.E5.B1.9E.E8.A3.85.E7.BD.AE"></span>机翼表面的主要附属装置</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：机翼表面的主要附属装置" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JAL_wingtip.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/JAL_wingtip.jpg/200px-JAL_wingtip.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/JAL_wingtip.jpg/200px-JAL_wingtip.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/JAL_wingtip.jpg/300px-JAL_wingtip.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/JAL_wingtip.jpg/400px-JAL_wingtip.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>波音747-400的翼尖小翼</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amanecer_sobre_el_Atl%C3%A1ntico.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Amanecer_sobre_el_Atl%C3%A1ntico.JPG/200px-Amanecer_sobre_el_Atl%C3%A1ntico.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 267px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Amanecer_sobre_el_Atl%C3%A1ntico.JPG/200px-Amanecer_sobre_el_Atl%C3%A1ntico.JPG" data-width="200" data-height="267" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Amanecer_sobre_el_Atl%C3%A1ntico.JPG/300px-Amanecer_sobre_el_Atl%C3%A1ntico.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Amanecer_sobre_el_Atl%C3%A1ntico.JPG/400px-Amanecer_sobre_el_Atl%C3%A1ntico.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>A380的兩面式翼尖小翼</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%BC%E5%B0%96%E5%B0%8F%E7%BF%BC" title="翼尖小翼">翼尖小翼</a>：安装在翼尖的垂直方向翼片，主要用于削弱翼尖下表面气流绕流至上表面的效应，减少升力损失，改善机翼性能。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%BC%E5%88%80" title="翼刀">翼刀</a>：垂直安装在机翼上表面并平行于机身方向薄板，用于阻滞气流沿机翼展向的运动，以及防止整个机翼沿展向同时失速。常见于后掠翼飞机。</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B6%A1%E6%B5%81%E7%94%A2%E7%94%9F%E5%99%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="涡流產生器（页面不存在）">涡流產生器</a>：在机翼上表面产生涡流，推迟<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%94%E6%B5%81%E5%88%86%E7%A6%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="气流分离">气流分离</a>的出现。</li></ul> <p><br> </p><p><br> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="升力原理"><span id=".E5.8D.87.E5.8A.9B.E5.8E.9F.E7.90.86"></span>升力原理</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：升力原理" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>机翼产生升力的原理可通过<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%89%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="牛顿第三定律">牛顿第三定律</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%8A%AA%E5%88%A9%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="伯努利定律">伯努利定律</a>来解释。对于图示情况的<a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%BC%E5%9E%8B" title="翼型">翼型</a>，当平行于<a href="/wiki/%E7%BF%BC%E5%BC%A6" title="翼弦">翼弦</a>方向的气流（在此将其视为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%8F%AF%E5%8E%8B%E6%B5%81" class="mw-redirect" title="不可压流">不可压流</a>）流经机翼时，由于机翼的阻碍导致流管截面变小，而导致机翼上下表面的空气流速均增加。 </p><p>有一種常見的理論指出，由于机翼上表面的弯度大于下表面弯度，根据伯努利定律可知上表面气流的流速整体上要高于下表面气流速度，也就是说气流作用在机翼上表面的静压整体上小于作用在下表面上的静压。由于上下表面压差的存在，使得机翼最终受到向上的合力，亦即升力。<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>但是這種說法被<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9C%8B%E5%A4%AA%E7%A9%BA%E7%B8%BD%E7%BD%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="美國太空總署">美國太空總署</a>（NASA）否定，NASA指出這種說法無法解釋飛機上下顛倒時仍然可以飛行；根據NASA的實驗，一個上下表面長度相同的機翼仍然可以產生足夠的升力。<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>当然随着机翼相对气流迎角的变化，翼型周围的空气流场也会发生明显变化。当机翼攻角增大时，由于翼型对气流的阻碍作用致使气流下洗，使得前缘附近气流驻点相对于前缘位置下移，从而导致更为明显的升力效应。而当机翼攻角减小甚至为负值时，翼型弯度的作用将被削弱，即升力减小直至产生负升力。 </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="參考條目"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>參考條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：參考條目" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%B9%E7%A7%91%E5%A4%AB%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E5%8F%98%E6%8D%A2" title="茹科夫斯基变换">茹科夫斯基變換</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：參考資料" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>编辑</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">贾玉红; 黄俊; 吴永康. 航空航天概论（第5版） 2022年8月第五版，2022年8月第一刷. 北京航空航天大学. 2022: 255. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-7-5124-3860-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-7-5124-3860-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-7-5124-3860-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC&rft.au=%E5%90%B4%E6%B0%B8%E5%BA%B7&rft.au=%E8%B4%BE%E7%8E%89%E7%BA%A2&rft.au=%E9%BB%84%E4%BF%8A&rft.btitle=%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E6%A6%82%E8%AE%BA%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC5%E7%89%88%EF%BC%89&rft.date=2022&rft.edition=2022%E5%B9%B48%E6%9C%88%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E7%89%88%EF%BC%8C2022%E5%B9%B48%E6%9C%88%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E5%88%B7&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-7-5124-3860-6&rft.pages=255&rft.pub=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E8%88%AA%E7%A9%BA%E8%88%AA%E5%A4%A9%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chinese.engadget.com/2009/03/23/on-flight/">癮科學：飛機為什麼會飛？</a>. Engadget. 2009-03-23 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-11-08</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200629140433/http://chinese.engadget.com/2009/03/23/on-flight/">存档</a>于2020-06-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC&rft.btitle=%E7%99%AE%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%EF%BC%9A%E9%A3%9B%E6%A9%9F%E7%82%BA%E4%BB%80%E9%BA%BC%E6%9C%83%E9%A3%9B%EF%BC%9F&rft.date=2009-03-23&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Engadget&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchinese.engadget.com%2F2009%2F03%2F23%2Fon-flight%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140427084226/http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/wrong1.html">Incorrect Lift Theory</a>. <a href="/wiki/NASA" class="mw-redirect" title="NASA">NASA</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-11-08</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/wrong1.html">原始内容</a>存档于2014-04-27）. <q>This theory also does not explain how airplanes can fly upside-down which happens often at air shows and in air-to-air combat." "The symmetric airfoil in our experiment generates plenty of lift and its upper surface is the same length as the lower surface.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC&rft.btitle=Incorrect+Lift+Theory&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=NASA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.grc.nasa.gov%2FWWW%2FK-12%2Fairplane%2Fwrong1.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：外部链接" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only 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class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="内存溢出的猫" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1670287751"> <span>最后编辑于2022年12月6日 (星期二) 00:49</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>语言</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"><li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E6%9C%BA%E7%BF%BC" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlerk_(lugvaart)" title="Vlerk (lugvaart) – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Vlerk (lugvaart)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Крыло – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Крыло" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala_(aeron%C3%A0utica)" title="Ala (aeronàutica) – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ala (aeronàutica)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%99%C3%ADdlo_letadla" title="Křídlo letadla – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Křídlo letadla" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tragfl%C3%A4che" title="Tragfläche – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tragfläche" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planform_(aeronautics)" title="Planform (aeronautics) – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Planform (aeronautics)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala_(aeron%C3%A1utica)" title="Ala (aeronáutica) – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ala (aeronáutica)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hego_hedadura" title="Hego hedadura – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hego hedadura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84%D9%86%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85" title="پلنفرم – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پلنفرم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aile_(a%C3%A9ronautique)" title="Aile (aéronautique) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aile (aéronautique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A0%D7%A3_(%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94)" title="כנף (תעופה) – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כנף (תעופה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krilo_zrakoplova" title="Krilo zrakoplova – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Krilo zrakoplova" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala_(aeronautica)" title="Ala (aeronautica) – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ala (aeronautica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BF%BC%E5%B9%B3%E9%9D%A2%E5%BD%A2" title="翼平面形 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="翼平面形" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%97%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98)" title="ფრთა (საფრენი აპარატი) – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფრთა (საფრენი აპარატი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ala_(mecanega)" title="Ala (mecanega) – 倫巴底文" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Ala (mecanega)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="倫巴底文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparnas_(aviacija)" title="Sparnas (aviacija) – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sparnas (aviacija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vleugel_(vliegtuig)" title="Vleugel (vliegtuig) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vleugel (vliegtuig)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skrzyd%C5%82o_(lotnictwo)" title="Skrzydło (lotnictwo) – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skrzydło (lotnictwo)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asa_(avia%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" title="Asa (aviação) – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Asa (aviação)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%91%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Крыло самолёта – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крыло самолёта" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planform" title="Planform – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Planform" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE_%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Крило літака – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Крило літака" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A9%9F%E7%BF%BC" title="機翼 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="機翼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-zh.svg" alt="维基百科" width="105" height="22" style="width: 6.5625em; height: 1.375em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> 本页面最后修订于2022年12月6日 (星期二) 00:49。</li> <li 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