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</li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Skandrani_Affair" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Skandrani_Affair"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>The Skandrani Affair</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Skandrani_Affair-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Call_to_lift_sanctions_against_Cypriot_Turks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Call_to_lift_sanctions_against_Cypriot_Turks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Call to lift sanctions against Cypriot Turks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Call_to_lift_sanctions_against_Cypriot_Turks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Youth_wing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Youth_wing"> <div 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href="#Popular_support_and_electoral_record"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Popular support and electoral record</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Popular_support_and_electoral_record-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Popular support and electoral record subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Popular_support_and_electoral_record-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Presidential" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidential"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Presidential</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidential-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legislative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legislative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Legislative</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legislative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_Parliament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_Parliament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>European Parliament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_Parliament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="حزب الخضر الفرنسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حزب الخضر الفرنسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ar_Re_C%27hlas_(Bro-C%27hall)" title="Ar Re C'hlas (Bro-C'hall) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ar Re C'hlas (Bro-C'hall)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Els_Verds_(Fran%C3%A7a)" title="Els Verds (França) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Els Verds (França)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Verts" title="Les Verts – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Les Verts" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Verts" title="Les Verts – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Les Verts" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Verts" title="Les Verts – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Les Verts" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CE%B9_%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B9_(%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1)" title="Οι Πράσινοι (Γαλλία) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οι Πράσινοι (Γαλλία)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Verdes_(Francia)" title="Los Verdes (Francia) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Los Verdes (Francia)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Verduloj_(Francio)" title="La Verduloj (Francio) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="La Verduloj (Francio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berdeak_(Frantzia)" title="Berdeak (Frantzia) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Berdeak (Frantzia)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7_(%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87)" title="حزب سبزها (فرانسه) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حزب سبزها (فرانسه)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Verts_(France)" title="Les Verts (France) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Les Verts (France)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B9%EC%83%89%EB%8B%B9_(%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4)" title="녹색당 (프랑스) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="녹색당 (프랑스)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Verdi_(Francia)" title="I Verdi (Francia) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="I Verdi (Francia)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Verts" title="Les Verts – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Les Verts" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B7%91%E3%81%AE%E5%85%9A_(%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9)" title="緑の党 (フランス) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="緑の党 (フランス)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_gr%C3%B8nne_(Frankrike)" title="De grønne (Frankrike) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="De grønne (Frankrike)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Verds_(Fran%C3%A7a)" title="Los Verds (França) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Los Verds (França)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zieloni_(Francja)" title="Zieloni (Francja) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zieloni (Francja)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Os_Verdes_(Fran%C3%A7a)" title="Os Verdes (França) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Os Verdes (França)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_(%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Зелёные (Франция) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зелёные (Франция)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27%C3%89cologie_Les_Verts" title="L'Écologie Les Verts – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="L'Écologie Les Verts" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les_Verts" title="Les Verts – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Les Verts" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%96_(%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Зелені (Франція) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зелені (Франція)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%A0%E9%BB%A8_(%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B)" title="綠黨 (法國) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="綠黨 (法國)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q743390#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Verts" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Vert_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Vert (disambiguation)">Vert (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Political party in France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #00C000; border-bottom:2px solid #00C000; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">The Greens</div> <div style="font-size: 0.8em; padding-top:0.3em;" class="nickname">Les Verts</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_des_verts_fran%C3%A7ais.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/67/Logo_des_verts_fran%C3%A7ais.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="82" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="82" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">President</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Voynet" title="Dominique Voynet">Dominique Voynet</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">20 January 1984</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">13 November 2010</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Merged into</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Europe_Ecology_%E2%80%93_The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe Ecology – The Greens">Europe Ecology – The Greens</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;">247, Rue du Faubourg Saint-Martin <br /> F-75010 Paris</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green politics</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Alter-globalization" title="Alter-globalization">Alter-globalization</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">Centre-left</a> to <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_political_party" title="European political party">European affiliation</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/European_Green_Party" title="European Green Party">European Green Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_groups_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Political groups of the European Parliament">European Parliament group</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/The_Greens%E2%80%93European_Free_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="The Greens–European Free Alliance">Greens/EFA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">International affiliation</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Greens" title="Global Greens">Global Greens</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Green</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 0.8em;">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lesverts.fr/">http://www.lesverts.fr/</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #00C000;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_France" title="Politics of France">Politics of France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_France" title="List of political parties in France">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_France" title="Elections in France">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="border: 4px double #00DD00; border-spacing:0.2em 0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Green_politics" title="Category:Green politics">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">Green politics</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding:0.4em 0 0.4em;background:transparent;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sunflower_(Green_symbol).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sunflower symbol"><img alt="Sunflower symbol" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sunflower_%28Green_symbol%29.svg/90px-Sunflower_%28Green_symbol%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sunflower_%28Green_symbol%29.svg/135px-Sunflower_%28Green_symbol%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Sunflower_%28Green_symbol%29.svg/180px-Sunflower_%28Green_symbol%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="440" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #00DD00;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Core topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_litigation" title="Climate change litigation">Climate change litigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuels_lobby" title="Fossil fuels lobby">Fossil fuels lobby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_party" title="Green party">Green party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_green_politics" title="Outline of green politics">List of topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_climate_change" title="Politics of climate change">Politics of climate change</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #00DD00;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Four pillars</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecosophy" title="Ecosophy">Ecological wisdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_justice" title="Social justice">Social justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassroots_democracy" title="Grassroots democracy">Grassroots democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonviolence" title="Nonviolence">Nonviolence</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #00DD00;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Perspectives</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alter-globalization" title="Alter-globalization">Alter-globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bright_green_environmentalism" title="Bright green environmentalism">Bright green environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticisms_of_globalization" title="Criticisms of globalization">Criticisms of globalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degrowth" title="Degrowth">Degrowth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_hands" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirty hands">Dirty hands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disinvestment" title="Disinvestment">Disinvestment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecoauthoritarianism" title="Ecoauthoritarianism">Ecoauthoritarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-capitalism" title="Eco-capitalism">Eco-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecocentrism" title="Ecocentrism">Ecocentrism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofascism" title="Ecofascism">Ecofascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecofeminism" title="Ecofeminism">Ecofeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-nationalism" title="Eco-nationalism">Eco-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">Eco-socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_anarchism" title="Green anarchism">Green anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_conservatism" title="Green conservatism">Green conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_left" title="Green left">Green left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_liberalism" title="Green liberalism">Green liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_libertarianism" title="Green libertarianism">Green libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Zionism" title="Green Zionism">Green Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_ecology_(Bookchin)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social ecology (Bookchin)">Social ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queer_ecology" title="Queer ecology">Queer ecology</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #00DD00;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Greens_Federation" title="Asia Pacific Greens Federation">Asia Pacific Greens Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Green_Party" title="European Green Party">European Green Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Green_Parties_of_Africa" title="Federation of Green Parties of Africa">Federation of Green Parties of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_the_Green_Parties_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas">Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Young_European_Greens" title="Federation of Young European Greens">Federation of Young European Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Greens" title="Global Greens">Global Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Young_Greens" title="Global Young Greens">Global Young Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Ecological_Parties" title="World Ecological Parties">World Ecological Parties</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #00DD00;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_fee_and_dividend" title="Carbon fee and dividend">Carbon fee and dividend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_tax" title="Carbon tax">Carbon tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_economy" title="Circular economy">Circular economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">Climate change mitigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_finance" title="Climate finance">Climate finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_justice" title="Climate justice">Climate justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_target" title="Climate target">Climate target</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_movement" title="Conservation movement">Conservation movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporate_sociopolitical_activism" title="Corporate sociopolitical activism">Corporate political activism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-investing" title="Eco-investing">Eco-investing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_economics" title="Ecological economics">Ecological economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_modernization" title="Ecological modernization">Ecological modernization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecomodernism" title="Ecomodernism">Ecomodernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-tariff" title="Eco-tariff">Eco-tariff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecotax" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecotax">Ecotax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eco-terrorism" title="Eco-terrorism">Eco-terrorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">Environmental</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_conflict" title="Environmental conflict">conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_effects_of_agriculture" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental effects of agriculture">effects of agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_effects_of_aviation" class="mw-redirect" title="Environmental effects of aviation">effects of aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_finance" title="Environmental finance">finance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_issues" title="List of environmental issues">issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_justice" title="Environmental justice">justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement" title="Environmental movement">movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_planning" title="Environmental planning">planning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_pricing_reform" title="Environmental pricing reform">pricing reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_racism" title="Environmental racism">racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_technology" title="Environmental technology">technology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">Environmentalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-environmentalism" title="Anti-environmentalism">opposition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_skepticism" title="Environmental skepticism">Environmental skepticism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewardship_(theology)" title="Stewardship (theology)">Stewardship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism_in_music" title="Environmentalism in music">in music</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel_phase-out" title="Fossil fuel phase-out">Fossil fuel phase-out</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentally_friendly" title="Environmentally friendly">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_development" title="Green development">development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_economy" title="Green economy">economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_growth" title="Green growth">growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_grabbing" title="Green grabbing">grabbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greening" title="Greening">greening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_imperialism" title="Green imperialism">imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_industrial_policy" title="Green industrial policy">industrial policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_infrastructure" title="Green infrastructure">infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_job" title="Green job">job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_New_Deal" title="Green New Deal">New Deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_recovery" title="Green recovery">recovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_retrofit" class="mw-redirect" title="Green retrofit">retrofit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robyn_Eckersley#The_Green_State" title="Robyn Eckersley">state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_theory" title="Green theory">theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_transport_hierarchy" title="Green transport hierarchy">transport hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_vehicle" title="Green vehicle">vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwashing" title="Greenwashing">washing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-carbon_economy" title="Low-carbon economy">Low-carbon economy</a></li> <li>List of environmental incidents <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_conflicts" title="List of environmental conflicts">conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_killings" title="List of environmental killings">killings</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ecology" title="Political ecology">Political ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">Progressivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">Renewable energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainability" title="Sustainability">Sustainable</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_design" title="Sustainable design">design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">development</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_energy" title="Sustainable energy">energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_engineering" title="Sustainable engineering">engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_refurbishment" title="Sustainable refurbishment">refurbishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">transport</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_coal" title="War on coal">War on coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_conflict" title="Water conflict">Water conflict</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Green_politics" title="Template:Green politics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Green_politics" title="Template talk:Green politics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Green_politics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Green politics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>The Greens</b> (French: <i lang="fr">Les Verts</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[le<span class="wrap"> </span>vɛʁ]</a></span>, <b>LV</b>; also <i>Les Verts, Confédération écologiste – Parti écologiste</i>, <b>VEC</b>) was a <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-wing</a> to <a href="/wiki/Centre-left_politics" title="Centre-left politics">centre-left</a> <a href="/wiki/Green_politics" title="Green politics">green</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ecology_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecology movement">ecologist</a><sup id="cite_ref-AnttiroikoMälkiä2007_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AnttiroikoMälkiä2007-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_France" title="List of political parties in France">political party in France</a>. The Greens had been in existence since 1984, but their spiritual roots could be traced as far back as <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Dumont" title="René Dumont">René Dumont</a>'s <a href="/wiki/1974_French_presidential_election" title="1974 French presidential election">candidacy for the presidency in 1974</a>. On 13 November 2010, The Greens merged with <a href="/wiki/Europe_%C3%89cologie" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe Écologie">Europe Ecology</a> to become <a href="/wiki/Europe_Ecology_%E2%80%93_The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe Ecology – The Greens">Europe Ecology – The Greens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lansford2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lansford2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Greens_(France)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_years">Early years</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Greens_(France)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1974, the environmentalist movement has been a permanent feature of the French political scene, contesting every election: municipal, national & European. </p><p>In the years following Dumont's challenge for the presidency, and prior to the formal confirmation of les Verts as political party, environmentalists contested elections under such banners as <i>Ecology 78</i>, <i>Ecology Europe</i> and <i>Ecology Today</i>. When, in 1982, <i>the Ecologist Party</i> merged with <i>the Ecologist Confederation</i>, les Verts were born. Under the ideological guidance of <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Waechter" title="Antoine Waechter">Antoine Waechter</a>, the party in 1986 signalled a break with the traditional divide in French politics, declaring that environmental politics could not be "married" to either the left or the right (which gave rise to its famous slogan "ni droite, ni gauche" – "neither right, nor left"). Antoine Waechter ran in the <a href="/wiki/1988_French_presidential_election" title="1988 French presidential election">1988 presidential elections</a>, capturing 1,150,000 ballots (or 3.8%) in the first round of voting. But the major breakthrough came the following year when – again under the leadership of Waechter – the Greens polled 10.6% in the European parliamentary elections. </p><p>However, the party faced with another ecologist party: <a href="/wiki/Ecology_Generation" title="Ecology Generation">Ecology Generation</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Brice_Lalonde" title="Brice Lalonde">Brice Lalonde</a>, environment minister of President <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> and allied with the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist Party</a> (PS). In this, if the ecologist parties benefited from the electoral decline of the PS in the beginning of the 1990s, the Greens competed for the leadership of the French ecologist movement. In the <a href="/wiki/1992_French_regional_elections" title="1992 French regional elections">1992 regional elections</a>, the Greens obtained 6.8% of votes and the presidency of <a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a> region. The next year, it scored 4.1% in the <a href="/wiki/1993_French_legislative_election" title="1993 French legislative election">legislative election</a> while all of the ecologist votes represented 11%. But, without political allies in the second round, they failed to gain a parliamentary seat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Participation_in_government">Participation in government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Greens_(France)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Participation in government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Waechter's influence was called into question in 1994 when the Greens decided to break with his policy of non-alignment, instead deciding to adopt a markedly left-wing stance. The move prompted Waechter to leave the Greens. He went on to found the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Ecological_Movement" title="Independent Ecological Movement">Independent Ecological Movement</a>. In the following presidential election of 1995, <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Voynet" title="Dominique Voynet">Dominique Voynet</a> polled a modest 3.8% but, in due to the marginalisation of <a href="/wiki/Ecology_Generation" title="Ecology Generation">Ecology Generation</a>, the Greens captured the leadership into the family of the French <a href="/wiki/Political_ecology" title="Political ecology">political ecology</a>. </p><p>Component of <a href="/wiki/Plural_Left" title="Plural Left">Plural Left</a> coalition, the Greens obtained for the first time a parliamentary representation in <a href="/wiki/1997_French_legislative_election" title="1997 French legislative election">1997</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Voynet" title="Dominique Voynet">Dominique Voynet</a> was to lead the party into government for the first time, joining <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Jospin" title="Lionel Jospin">Lionel Jospin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist Party</a> (PS) and the <a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">Communist Party</a> (PCF). Voynet was rewarded with the cabinet position of Minister for the Environment and Regional Planning, before being replaced by <a href="/wiki/Yves_Cochet" title="Yves Cochet">Yves Cochet</a> in 2001. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Cohn-Bendit" title="Daniel Cohn-Bendit">Daniel Cohn-Bendit</a> (or "Danny the Red"), a leader of the <a href="/wiki/May_1968_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1968 in France">1968 student uprising</a>, spearheaded the party's <a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1999 European Parliament election in France">1999 European campaign</a>, obtaining 9.7% of votes cast, enough to return seven deputies to <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alain_Lipietz" title="Alain Lipietz">Alain Lipietz</a> was first selected to represent the Greens in the <a href="/wiki/2002_French_presidential_election" title="2002 French presidential election">2002 presidential elections</a> but his public outings proved awkward and he was soon replaced by <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Mam%C3%A8re" title="Noël Mamère">Noël Mamère</a> who had initially lost the <a href="/wiki/Partisan_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="Partisan primary">primary elections</a>. Mamère's 5.25% represents the strongest Green challenge for the presidency to date. However, the legislative elections were a major disappointment: with just 4.51% of votes cast nationally, the Greens’ representation fell from six to just three deputies (out of a total of 577) in the <a href="/wiki/French_National_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="French National Assembly">National Assembly</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opposition_and_merger">Opposition and merger</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Greens_(France)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Opposition and merger"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the return to opposition benches in 2002, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilles_Lemaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilles Lemaire (page does not exist)">Gilles Lemaire</a> assumed the position of national secretary. His tenure is marked by a period of internal strife in the party. Lemaire was in turn replaced by <a href="/wiki/Yann_Wehrling" title="Yann Wehrling">Yann Wehrling</a>, who seemingly united a majority of the membership under a text outlining the future direction that the party hoped to pursue. He was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9cile_Duflot" title="Cécile Duflot">Cécile Duflot</a> in 2006, who was the party's youngest National Secretary at the age of 31. She announced her resignation in May 2012 after being appointed to the new cabinet appointed by President <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a>. </p><p>Les Verts had six <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament" title="Member of the European Parliament">MEPs</a> elected in the 2004 European Election with 8.43% of the vote. </p><p>In the hugely divisive 2005 referendum on the <a href="/wiki/European_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="European Constitution">European Constitution</a>, the Greens campaigned for a Yes vote. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2007_French_presidential_election" title="2007 French presidential election">2007 French presidential election</a>, les Verts nominated <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Voynet" title="Dominique Voynet">Dominique Voynet</a>. Her low score of 1.57% in the first round was the party's worst electoral result, and the French ecologist's worst showing since <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Dumont" title="René Dumont">René Dumont</a> in the <a href="/wiki/1974_French_presidential_election" title="1974 French presidential election">1974</a>. The party refused an electoral deal with the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialists</a> for the <a href="/wiki/2007_French_legislative_election" title="2007 French legislative election">June legislative election</a>. However, the three Green incumbents, <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Mam%C3%A8re" title="Noël Mamère">Noël Mamère</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yves_Cochet" title="Yves Cochet">Yves Cochet</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Martine_Billard" title="Martine Billard">Martine Billard</a> had no PS opposition in their respective constituencies. While the Green's vote share was down from 2002, it won a fourth seat in <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> where <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Rugy" title="François de Rugy">François de Rugy</a> defeated a conservative UMP incumbent. The Greens now had four seats in the Assembly and sat with the <a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">PCF</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_and_Republican_Left" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic and Republican Left">Democratic and Republican Left</a> group. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2009 European Parliament election in France">2009 European Parliament election</a>, the party was an integral part of the <a href="/wiki/Europe_%C3%89cologie" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe Écologie">Europe Écologie</a> coalition, led by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Cohn-Bendit" title="Daniel Cohn-Bendit">Daniel Cohn-Bendit</a>, which gained 8 seats for a total of 14 on a 16.3% of the vote. Since November 2010, it merged with the coalition to become <a href="/wiki/Europe_Ecology_%E2%80%93_The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe Ecology – The Greens">Europe Ecology – The Greens</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Skandrani_Affair">The Skandrani Affair</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Greens_(France)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: The Skandrani Affair"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the party's co-founders, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginette_Skandrani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ginette Skandrani (page does not exist)">Ginette Skandrani</a>, had long attracted criticism due to her involvement with <a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust deniers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auffray_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auffray-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Roth_Institute" title="Stephen Roth Institute">Stephen Roth Institute</a> criticized the Green Party in 2004, calling its record "tainted by abortive attempts to expel from within its ranks notorious anti-Jewish activist Ginette Skandrani herself ethnically Jewish<sup id="cite_ref-www.proche-orient.info_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-www.proche-orient.info-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> who has close contacts with Holocaust deniers."<sup id="cite_ref-Roth_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roth-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other critics, such as <a href="/wiki/Roger_Cukierman" title="Roger Cukierman">Roger Cukierman</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Conseil_Repr%C3%A9sentatif_des_Institutions_juives_de_France" title="Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France">Representative Council of French Jewish Institutions</a> did not attack the party as a whole, but rather its <a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">anti-Zionist</a> wing, claiming that it promoted a "<a href="/wiki/Red-green-brown_alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Red-green-brown alliance">brown-green alliance</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-auffray_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auffray-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2005, the Greens voted to permanently expel Skandrani. Among the reasons for her definitive expulsion were her participation in the holocaust-denial website <i><a href="/wiki/AAARGH" class="mw-redirect" title="AAARGH">AAARGH</a></i> (Association des anciens amateurs de récits de guerres et d'holocaustes).<sup id="cite_ref-auffray_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auffray-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Patrick Farbiaz, a Green leader involved in her expulsion, argued that "although she has not written [anti-Semitic texts] herself, she looks like a kingpen of holocaust deniers and avowed antisemites".<sup id="cite_ref-auffray_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auffray-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The party had previously expelled another co-founder (in 1991), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Bri%C3%A8re&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Brière (page does not exist)">Jean Brière</a>, for signing a text addressing the alleged "war-causing role" of Israel and "the <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">zionist</a> lobby in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-auffray_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auffray-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Call_to_lift_sanctions_against_Cypriot_Turks">Call to lift sanctions against Cypriot Turks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Greens_(France)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Call to lift sanctions against Cypriot Turks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Green MEP <a href="/wiki/Helene_Flautre" class="mw-redirect" title="Helene Flautre">Helene Flautre</a> has attracted controversy by calling for the lifting of sanctions against Turkish Cypriots imposed by the United Nations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Youth_wing">Youth wing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Greens_(France)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Youth wing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The youth branch of the Greens, founded in Strasbourg in 2001, is called <i>Les Jeunes Verts – la Souris verte</i> (Young Greens – the Green mouse). It has been part of the <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Young_European_Greens" title="Federation of Young European Greens">Federation of Young European Greens</a> since 2006. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Factions">Factions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Greens_(France)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Factions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most internal divisions within the party concern the party's political position (neither right nor left, or left-wing) and electoral strategy (alliance with the PS or the <a href="/wiki/French_far-left" class="mw-redirect" title="French far-left">far-left</a> parties). </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Waechter" title="Antoine Waechter">Neo-Waechterians</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/Environmentalism" title="Environmentalism">environmentalists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">social liberals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">centrists</a>): Followers of former Green leader <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Waechter" title="Antoine Waechter">Antoine Waechter</a>, a large part has joined the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Ecological_Movement" title="Independent Ecological Movement">Independent Ecological Movement</a> or, more recently, the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Movement_(France)" title="Democratic Movement (France)">MoDem</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Bennahmias" title="Jean-Luc Bennahmias">Jean-Luc Bennahmias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yann_Wehrling" title="Yann Wehrling">Yann Wehrling</a>)</li> <li><b>Green left</b> (<a href="/wiki/Eco-socialism" title="Eco-socialism">eco-socialists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Democratic_socialism" title="Democratic socialism">democratic socialists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maoism" title="Maoism">Maoists</a>): Including members such as <a href="/wiki/Jean_Desessard" title="Jean Desessard">Jean Desessard</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yves_Contassot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yves Contassot (page does not exist)">Yves Contassot</a> and, until recently, <a href="/wiki/Martine_Billard" title="Martine Billard">Martine Billard</a></li></ul> <p>The party's final leadership, led by <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9cile_Duflot" title="Cécile Duflot">Cécile Duflot</a>, and including <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Voynet" title="Dominique Voynet">Dominique Voynet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yves_Cochet" title="Yves Cochet">Yves Cochet</a> and <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Mam%C3%A8re" title="Noël Mamère">Noël Mamère</a> were positioned between the two aforementioned factions. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elected_officials">Elected officials</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Greens_(France)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Elected officials"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Deputies:</b> <a href="/wiki/Yves_Cochet" title="Yves Cochet">Yves Cochet</a>, <a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Mam%C3%A8re" title="Noël Mamère">Noël Mamère</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Rugy" title="François de Rugy">François de Rugy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Democratic_and_Republican_Left" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic and Republican Left">GDR</a> Group). <a href="/wiki/Martine_Billard" title="Martine Billard">Martine Billard</a>, elected as a Green in 2007 joined the <a href="/wiki/Left_Party_(France)" title="Left Party (France)">Left Party</a> in July 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Senators:</b> <a href="/wiki/Marie-Christine_Blandin" title="Marie-Christine Blandin">Marie-Christine Blandin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alima_Boumediene-Thiery" title="Alima Boumediene-Thiery">Alima Boumediene-Thiery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Desessard" title="Jean Desessard">Jean Desessard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Muller_(politician)" title="Jacques Muller (politician)">Jacques Muller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominique_Voynet" title="Dominique Voynet">Dominique Voynet</a> (<a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist</a> Group).</li> <li><b>MEPs:</b> <a href="/wiki/Malika_Benarab-Attou" title="Malika Benarab-Attou">Malika Benarab-Attou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pascal_Canfin" title="Pascal Canfin">Pascal Canfin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Cohn-Bendit" title="Daniel Cohn-Bendit">Daniel Cohn-Bendit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karima_Delli" title="Karima Delli">Karima Delli</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne_Flautre" title="Hélène Flautre">Hélène Flautre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Gr%C3%A8ze" title="Catherine Grèze">Catherine Grèze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicole_Kiil-Nielsen" title="Nicole Kiil-Nielsen">Nicole Kiil-Nielsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Rivasi" title="Michèle Rivasi">Michèle Rivasi</a> (6 of the 14 MEPs from <a href="/wiki/Europe_%C3%89cologie" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe Écologie">Europe Écologie</a> are not members of the party).</li></ul> <p>The Greens held 41 town halls,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (June 2012)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> the largest city being <a href="/wiki/Montreuil,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis">Montreuil</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Seine-Saint-Denis">Seine-Saint-Denis</a>). Other cities held by the Greens include <a href="/wiki/Wattwiller" title="Wattwiller">Wattwiller</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A8gles" title="Bègles">Bègles</a> and <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A8ze" title="Mèze">Mèze</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party also claims 168 regional councillors and 14 general councillors (plus 9 Parisian councillors). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_support_and_electoral_record">Popular support and electoral record</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Greens_(France)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Popular support and electoral record"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Greens were strong electorally in urban areas, specifically in the <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France_(region)" class="mw-redirect" title="Île-de-France (region)">Greater Paris</a> area, <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a> and western France, parts of the <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne-Alpes" title="Rhône-Alpes">Rhône-Alpes</a> region and <a href="/wiki/Alsace" title="Alsace">Alsace</a>. In the 2009 European elections, the Greens won their best result outside of <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a>, where their result was due to the support of the <a href="/wiki/Party_of_the_Corsican_Nation" title="Party of the Corsican Nation">Party of the Corsican Nation</a> (PNC), in the city of Paris (27.41%),<sup id="cite_ref-interieur.gouv.fr_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interieur.gouv.fr-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Haute-Savoie" title="Haute-Savoie">Haute-Savoie</a> (20.26%),<sup id="cite_ref-interieur.gouv.fr_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interieur.gouv.fr-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%B4me" title="Drôme">Drôme</a> (21.75%),<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re" title="Isère">Isère</a> (21.64%), <a href="/wiki/Hauts-de-Seine" title="Hauts-de-Seine">Hauts-de-Seine</a> (20.74%), <a href="/wiki/Ille-et-Vilaine" title="Ille-et-Vilaine">Ille-et-Vilaine</a> (20.59%), and <a href="/wiki/Loire-Atlantique" title="Loire-Atlantique">Loire-Atlantique</a> (20.16%). It also did very well in large, wealthy urban centres such as <a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> or <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a>. It does more poorly in rural areas, notably areas where its rival, <a href="/wiki/Hunting,_Fishing,_Nature,_Tradition" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunting, Fishing, Nature, Tradition">CPNT</a>, is strong. It also did poorly in industrial or poorer urban areas; for example it won only 9.33% in the <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a>, a department formerly dominated by coal mining, in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidential">Presidential</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Greens_(France)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Presidential"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Election </th> <th rowspan="2">Candidate </th> <th colspan="2">First round </th> <th colspan="2">Second round </th> <th rowspan="2">Result </th></tr> <tr> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th> <th>Votes </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1988_French_presidential_election" title="1988 French presidential election">1988</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Waechter" title="Antoine Waechter">Antoine Waechter</a> </td> <td>1,149,897 </td> <td>3.8% </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1995_French_presidential_election" title="1995 French presidential election">1995</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Voynet" title="Dominique Voynet">Dominique Voynet</a> </td> <td>1,010,738 </td> <td>3.3% </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2002_French_presidential_election" title="2002 French presidential election">2002</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/No%C3%ABl_Mam%C3%A8re" title="Noël Mamère">Noël Mamère</a> </td> <td>1,495,724 </td> <td>5.3% </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2007_French_presidential_election" title="2007 French presidential election">2007</a> </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Dominique_Voynet" title="Dominique Voynet">Dominique Voynet</a> </td> <td>576,666 </td> <td>1.6% </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Lost </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative">Legislative</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Greens_(France)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Legislative"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/French_National_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="French National Assembly">French National Assembly</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Election year </th> <th># of 1st round votes </th> <th>% of 1st round vote </th> <th># of seats </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1986_French_legislative_election" title="1986 French legislative election">1986</a> </th> <td>340,109 </td> <td>1.21% </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1988_French_legislative_election" title="1988 French legislative election">1988</a> </th> <td>86,312 </td> <td>0.35% </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1993_French_legislative_election" title="1993 French legislative election">1993</a> </th> <td>1,022,196 </td> <td>4.08% </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1997_French_legislative_election" title="1997 French legislative election">1997</a> </th> <td>1,738,287 </td> <td>6.83% </td> <td>7 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2002_French_legislative_election" title="2002 French legislative election">2002</a> </th> <td>1,138,222 </td> <td>4.51% </td> <td>3 </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2007_French_legislative_election" title="2007 French legislative election">2007</a> </th> <td>845,977 </td> <td>3.25% </td> <td>4 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_Parliament">European Parliament</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Greens_(France)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: European Parliament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Election year </th> <th># of overall votes </th> <th>% of overall vote </th> <th># of overall seats won </th> <th>+/- </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1984_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1984 European Parliament election in France">1984</a> </th> <td>680,080 </td> <td>3.4 (#5) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 81</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Green; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1989_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1989 European Parliament election in France">1989</a> </th> <td>1,922,945 </td> <td>10.6 (#4) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 81</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Green; color:inherit; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1994_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1994 European Parliament election in France">1994</a> </th> <td>574,806 </td> <td>3.0 (#8) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">0 / 87</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Green; color:inherit; width: 0%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/1999_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="1999 European Parliament election in France">1999</a> </th> <td>1,715,450 </td> <td>9.7 (#4) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">9 / 87</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Green; color:inherit; width: 10%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 9 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2004_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2004 European Parliament election in France">2004</a> </th> <td>1,271,394 </td> <td>7.4 (#5) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 78</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Green; color:inherit; width: 8%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 3 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/2009_European_Parliament_election_in_France" title="2009 European Parliament election in France">2009</a> </th> <td>2,803,759 </td> <td>16.3 (#3) </td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">14 / 72</span><div style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: Green; color:inherit; width: 19%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 8 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Greens_(France)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/32px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg/48px-Aegopodium_podagraria1_ies.jpg 1.5x, 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portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Federation_of_Green_Parties" class="mw-redirect" title="European Federation of Green Parties">European Federation of Green Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_environmental_organizations" title="List of environmental organizations">List of environmental organizations</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Greens_(France)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-AnttiroikoMälkiä2007-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AnttiroikoMälkiä2007_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAri-Veikko_AnttiroikoMatti_Mälkiä2007" class="citation book cs1">Ari-Veikko Anttiroiko; Matti Mälkiä (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iDrTMazYhdkC&pg=PA397"><i>Encyclopedia of Digital Government</i></a>. Idea Group Inc (IGI). p. 397. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59140-790-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59140-790-4"><bdi>978-1-59140-790-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Digital+Government&rft.pages=397&rft.pub=Idea+Group+Inc+%28IGI%29&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-59140-790-4&rft.au=Ari-Veikko+Anttiroiko&rft.au=Matti+M%C3%A4lki%C3%A4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiDrTMazYhdkC%26pg%3DPA397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Greens+%28France%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lansford2014-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lansford2014_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTom_Lansford2014" class="citation book cs1">Tom Lansford (20 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iC_VBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA488"><i>Political Handbook of the World 2014</i></a>. SAGE Publications. p. 488. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4833-8626-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4833-8626-3"><bdi>978-1-4833-8626-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Handbook+of+the+World+2014&rft.pages=488&rft.pub=SAGE+Publications&rft.date=2014-03-20&rft.isbn=978-1-4833-8626-3&rft.au=Tom+Lansford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiC_VBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA488&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Greens+%28France%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auffray-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auffray_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auffray_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auffray_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auffray_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auffray_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Auffray, Alain, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pdpinfo.org/article.php3?id_article=909">Une verte trop brune exclue du parti</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070312122359/http://www.pdpinfo.org/article.php3?id_article=909">Archived</a> 12 March 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></i>, <i>Libération</i>, 2 June 2006– hosted on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pdpinfo.org/">http://www.pdpinfo.org/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-www.proche-orient.info-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-www.proche-orient.info_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> Audio file recorded by Skandrani, hosted on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.proche-orient.info">www.proche-orient.info</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roth-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Roth_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Anonymous, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw2004/france.htm">Country Reports, France- 2004</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121119110633/http://www.tau.ac.il/Anti-Semitism/asw2004/france.htm">Archived</a> 19 November 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", <i>Steven Roth Institute for the Study of Contemporary Antisemitism and Racism.</i> 2004.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/cgi-bin/ACHATS/acheter.cgi?offre=ARCHIVES&type_item=ART_ARCH_30J&objet_id=1090226">"article"</a>. Le Monde.fr. 9 July 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=article&rft.pub=Le+Monde.fr&rft.date=2009-07-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fcgi-bin%2FACHATS%2Facheter.cgi%3Foffre%3DARCHIVES%26type_item%3DART_ARCH_30J%26objet_id%3D1090226&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Greens+%28France%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080325235952/http://lesverts.fr/article.php3?id_article=3844">"Overview of 2008 local results"</a>. Les Verts. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lesverts.fr/article.php3?id_article=3844">the original</a> on 25 March 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overview+of+2008+local+results&rft.pub=Les+Verts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flesverts.fr%2Farticle.php3%3Fid_article%3D3844&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Greens+%28France%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-interieur.gouv.fr-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-interieur.gouv.fr_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-interieur.gouv.fr_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/ER2009/05/082/074/074.html">"Ministry of the Interior results page"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ministry+of+the+Interior+results+page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fsections%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2FER2009%2F05%2F082%2F074%2F074.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Greens+%28France%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interieur.gouv.fr/sections/a_votre_service/resultats-elections/ER2009/05/082/026/026.html">"Ministry of the Interior results page"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ministry+of+the+Interior+results+page&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interieur.gouv.fr%2Fsections%2Fa_votre_service%2Fresultats-elections%2FER2009%2F05%2F082%2F026%2F026.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Greens+%28France%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111007225614/http://q.liberation.fr/flash/electionseuropeennes2009/carte-France-dept-circ.swf">"Interactive map of the 2009 European election results"</a>. Libération.fr. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://q.liberation.fr/flash/electionseuropeennes2009/carte-France-dept-circ.swf">the original</a> on 7 October 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interactive+map+of+the+2009+European+election+results&rft.pub=Lib%C3%A9ration.fr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fq.liberation.fr%2Fflash%2Felectionseuropeennes2009%2Fcarte-France-dept-circ.swf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Greens+%28France%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Greens_(France)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in French)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lesverts.fr/">Official site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060130103248/http://www.europeangreens.org/peopleandparties/members/france.html">Profile from the European Green Party</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Main_political_parties_in_France377" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:French_political_parties" title="Template:French political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:French_political_parties" title="Template talk:French political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:French_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:French political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Main_political_parties_in_France377" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Main <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_France" title="List of political parties in France">political parties in France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics_in_France" title="Far-left politics in France">Far-left</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lutte_Ouvri%C3%A8re" title="Lutte Ouvrière">Lutte Ouvrière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Anticapitalist_Party" title="New Anticapitalist Party">New Anticapitalist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/French_Left" title="French Left">Centre-left to left</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">French Communist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_France_Insoumise" title="La France Insoumise">La France Insoumise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ecologists_(political_party)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ecologists (political party)">The Ecologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(France)" title="Socialist Party (France)">Socialist Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Centrism" title="Centrism">Centre</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Renaissance_(French_political_party)" title="Renaissance (French political party)">Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Movement_(France)" title="Democratic Movement (France)">Democratic Movement</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Centre-right_politics" title="Centre-right politics">Centre-right</a> to <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_politics" title="Right-wing politics">right</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horizons_(political_party)" title="Horizons (political party)">Horizons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democrats_and_Independents" title="Union of Democrats and Independents">Union of Democrats and Independents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Republicans_(France)" title="The Republicans (France)">The Republicans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_far-right_movements_in_France" title="History of far-right movements in France">Far-right</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Rally" title="National Rally">National Rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconqu%C3%AAte" title="Reconquête">Reconquête</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity%E2%80%93Liberties" title="Identity–Liberties">Identity–Liberties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Miscellaneous_left" title="Miscellaneous left">Miscellaneous left</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miscellaneous_centre" title="Miscellaneous centre">Miscellaneous centre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miscellaneous_right" title="Miscellaneous right">Miscellaneous right</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Green_parties_by_country534" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Green_parties" title="Template:Green parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Green_parties" title="Template talk:Green parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Green_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Green parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Green_parties_by_country534" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Green_party" title="Green party">Green parties</a> by country</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Green_Parties_of_Africa" title="Federation of Green Parties of Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecology_and_Liberty_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecology and Liberty Party (page does not exist)">Algeria</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partido_Nacional_Ecol%C3%B3gico_de_Angola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partido Nacional Ecológico de Angola (page does not exist)">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Benin)" title="The Greens (Benin)">Benin</a></li> <li>Burkina Faso <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Party_for_the_Development_of_Burkina" title="Ecologist Party for the Development of Burkina">Ecologist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greens_of_Burkina" title="Greens of Burkina">Greens of Burkina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_of_the_Ecologists_of_Burkina" title="Rally of the Ecologists of Burkina">Rally of the Ecologists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Burundi_Green_Movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burundi Green Movement (page does not exist)">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mouvement_des_Verts_de_Centrafique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mouvement des Verts de Centrafique (page does not exist)">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Union_des_Ecologistes_Tchadiens_-_LES_VERTS&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Union des Ecologistes Tchadiens - LES VERTS (page does not exist)">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Defense_de_l%27Environment_Camerounais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Defense de l'Environment Camerounais (page does not exist)">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_of_Congolese_Ecologists_%E2%80%93_The_Greens" title="Rally of Congolese Ecologists – The Greens">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Green_Party" title="Egyptian Green Party">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabon_Green_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabon Green Party (page does not exist)">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghana_Green_Movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghana Green Movement (page does not exist)">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_des_Ecologistes_Guineens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti des Ecologistes Guineens (page does not exist)">Guinea</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liga_Guineense_de_Protec%C3%A7ao_Ecologica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Liga Guineense de Protecçao Ecologica (page does not exist)">Guinea-Bissau</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_pour_la_Protection_de_l%27Environnement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti pour la Protection de l'Environnement (page does not exist)">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazingira_Green_Party_of_Kenya" title="Mazingira Green Party of Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Vert_Hasin%27l_Madagasikara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Vert Hasin'l Madagasikara (page does not exist)">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Party_of_Mali" title="Ecologist Party of Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Verts_Fraternels" title="Les Verts Fraternels">Mauritius</a></li> <li>Morocco <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Greens_(Morocco)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="The Greens (Morocco) (page does not exist)">The Greens</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Izigzawen" title="Izigzawen">Izigzawen</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greens_Party_of_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="Greens Party of Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rassemblement_pour_un_Sahel_Vert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rassemblement pour un Sahel Vert (page does not exist)">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_Party_of_Nigeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Green Party of Nigeria (page does not exist)">Nigeria</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Green_Party_of_Rwanda" title="Democratic Green Party of Rwanda">Rwanda</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Movement_%E2%80%93_Green_Party_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Social Democratic Movement – Green Party of São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rally_of_the_Ecologists_of_Senegal" title="Rally of the Ecologists of Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Leone_Green_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sierra Leone Green Party (page does not exist)">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li>Somalia <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Somalia_Green_Party" title="Somalia Green Party">Green Party</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Democratic_Green_Party_of_Somalia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Democratic Green Party of Somalia (page does not exist)">Democratic Green Party</a></li></ul></li> <li>South Africa <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=South_African_Green_Alliance&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="South African Green Alliance (page does not exist)">Green Alliance</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_South_Africa" title="Green Party of South Africa">Green Party</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Afrique_Togo_Ecologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Afrique Togo Ecologie (page does not exist)">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Tunisia_Party" title="Green Tunisia Party">Tunisia</a></li> <li>Uganda <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ecological_Party_of_Uganda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ecological Party of Uganda (page does not exist)">Ecological Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Green_Party" title="Uganda Green Party">Green Party</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Revolution_Green_Party_Zambia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Revolution Green Party Zambia (page does not exist)">Zambia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_the_Green_Parties_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas">Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Argentina <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Initiative" title="Green Initiative">Green Initiative</a> (defunct)</i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Belize_Green_Independent_Party" title="Belize Green Independent Party">Belize</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Bolivia" title="Green Party of Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Brazil)" title="Green Party (Brazil)">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Ecologist_Party_(Chile)" title="Green Ecologist Party (Chile)">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Alliance_(Colombia)" title="Green Alliance (Colombia)">Colombia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cartago_Green_Party" title="Cartago Green Party">Costa Rica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Democratic_Unity" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party of Democratic Unity">Dominican Republic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partido_Los_Verdes_de_Guatemala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partido Los Verdes de Guatemala (page does not exist)">Guatemala</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Les_Verts_de_Guyane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Les Verts de Guyane (page does not exist)">French Guiana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Vert_Ha%C3%AFtien&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Vert Haïtien (page does not exist)">Haiti</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Green_Party_of_Mexico" title="Ecologist Green Party of Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Green_Party_of_Nicaragua" title="Ecologist Green Party of Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_Alternative_Ecologist_Party_of_Peru&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Green Alternative Ecologist Party of Peru (page does not exist)">Peru</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_for_Puerto_Rico_Party" title="Puerto Ricans for Puerto Rico Party">Puerto Rico</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_Green_Party" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Green Party">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Green Party of the United States">United States</a></i></li> <li>Uruguay <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Partido_Verde_Eto-Ecologista" title="Partido Verde Eto-Ecologista">Green</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Partido_del_Sol_(Uruguay)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partido del Sol (Uruguay) (page does not exist)">Sol</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Partido_Ecologista_Radical_Intransigente" title="Partido Ecologista Radical Intransigente">PERI</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Partido_Verde_Animalista" class="mw-redirect" title="Partido Verde Animalista">PVA</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_Movement_of_Venezuela" title="Ecological Movement of Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asia_Pacific_Greens_Federation" title="Asia Pacific Greens Federation">Asia-Pacific</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Greens" title="Australian Greens">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_Party_Bangladesh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Green Party Bangladesh (page does not exist)">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Fiji" title="Green Party of Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li>India <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=India_Greens_Party&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="India Greens Party (page does not exist)">India Greens Party</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uttarakhand_Parivartan_Party_(UKPP)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uttarakhand Parivartan Party (UKPP) (page does not exist)">Uttarakhand Parivartan Party (UKPP)</a></li></ul></li> <li>Indonesia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atjeh_Green_Party" title="Atjeh Green Party">Atjeh Green Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Green_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian Green Party">Indonesian Green Party</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarekat_Hijau_Indonesia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarekat Hijau Indonesia (page does not exist)">Sarekat Hijau Indonesia</a></li></ul></li> <li>Iran <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Iran" title="Green Party of Iran">Green Party of Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Iran)" title="Green Party (Iran)">Green Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Iraq" title="Green Party of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li>Israel <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ale_Yarok" title="Ale Yarok">Ale Yarok</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Israel)" title="The Greens (Israel)">The Greens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Israel)" title="Green Party (Israel)">Green Party</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meretz" title="Meretz">Meretz</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greens_Japan" title="Greens Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_Party_of_Jordan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Green Party of Jordan (page does not exist)">Jordan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Baytaq" title="Baytaq">Kazakhstan</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Lebanon" title="Green Party of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Malaysia" title="Green Party of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Green_Party" title="Mongolian Green Party">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hariyali_Nepal_Party" title="Hariyali Nepal Party">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Aotearoa_New_Zealand" title="Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Green_Party" title="Pakistan Green Party">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palestinian_Greens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palestinian Greens (page does not exist)">Palestinian Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_Party_of_the_Philippines_(GPP-Kalikasan_Muna)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Green Party of the Philippines (GPP-Kalikasan Muna) (page does not exist)">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Green_Party_of_the_Solomon_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Green Party of the Solomon Islands (page does not exist)">Solomon Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_Korea" title="Green Party Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_Taiwan" title="Green Party Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thai_Forest_Conservation_Party" title="Thai Forest Conservation Party">Thailand</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecological_Party_of_Uzbekistan" title="Ecological Party of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_Federation_of_Green_Parties" class="mw-redirect" title="European Federation of Green Parties">Europe</a><br /> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li>(<i><a href="/wiki/European_Green_Party" title="European Green Party">EGP</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Young_European_Greens" title="Federation of Young European Greens">FYEG</a></i>)</li></ul> </div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Albania" title="Green Party of Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greens_of_Andorra" title="Greens of Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Austria)" title="The Greens (Austria)">Austria</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Armenia" title="Green Party of Armenia">Armenia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_Green_Party" title="Belarusian Green Party">Belarus</a></i></li> <li>Belgium <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Groen_(political_party)" title="Groen (political party)">Flanders and Brussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecolo" title="Ecolo">Wallonia and Brussels</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greens_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Greens of Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></i></li> <li>Bulgaria <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party of Bulgaria">Green Party</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Bulgaria)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Greens (Bulgaria)">The Greens</a></li></ul></li> <li>Croatia <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Alternative_%E2%80%93_Sustainable_Development_of_Croatia" title="Green Alternative – Sustainable Development of Croatia">Orah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_List_(2017)" title="Green List (2017)">ZL</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_of_Ecologists_%E2%80%93_Citizens%27_Cooperation" title="Movement of Ecologists – Citizens' Cooperation">Cyprus</a></li> <li>Czech Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Czech_Republic)" title="Green Party (Czech Republic)">Green Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liberal-Environmental_Party" title="Liberal-Environmental Party">Liberal-Environmental Party</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Denmark <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Alternative_(Denmark)" title="The Alternative (Denmark)">The Alternative</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Socialist_People%27s_Party_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist People's Party (Denmark)">Socialist People's Party</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Denmark)" title="The Greens (Denmark)">The Greens</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Greens" title="Estonian Greens">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_League" title="Green League">Finland</a></li> <li>France <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Citizenship,_Action,_Participation_for_the_21st_Century" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizenship, Action, Participation for the 21st Century">CAP21</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration_%C3%89cologie" class="mw-redirect" title="Génération Écologie">Génération Écologie</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecology_at_the_Centre" title="Ecology at the Centre">Ecology at the Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_Ecology_%E2%80%93_The_Greens" class="mw-redirect" title="Europe Ecology – The Greens">Europe Ecology – The Greens</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mouvement_Ecologiste_Ind%C3%A9pendant" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouvement Ecologiste Indépendant">Mouvement Ecologiste Indépendant</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Party" title="Ecologist Party">Ecologist Party</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party of Georgia">Georgia</a></li> <li>Germany <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Alliance 90/The Greens</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecological_Democratic_Party" title="Ecological Democratic Party">Ecological Democratic Party</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Greece <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Greens" title="Ecologist Greens">Ecologist Greens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greens_%E2%80%93_Solidarity" title="Greens – Solidarity">Greens – Solidarity</a></li></ul></li> <li>Hungary <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dialogue_for_Hungary" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialogue for Hungary">Dialogue for Hungary</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_Can_Be_Different" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics Can Be Different">Politics Can Be Different</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-Green_Movement" title="Left-Green Movement">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Ireland)" title="Green Party (Ireland)">Ireland</a></li> <li>Italy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Europe" title="Green Europe">Green Europe</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Italia" title="Green Italia">Green Italia</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Man_Green_Party" title="Isle of Man Green Party">Isle of Man</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Kosovo" title="Green Party of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Green_Party" title="Latvian Green Party">Latvia</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Free_List_(Liechtenstein)" title="Free List (Liechtenstein)">Liechtenstein</a></i></li> <li>Lithuania <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Green_Party" title="Lithuanian Green Party">Green Party</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Farmers_and_Greens_Union" title="Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union">Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Luxembourg)" title="The Greens (Luxembourg)">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD%2BPD" title="AD+PD">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Green_Party_(Moldova)" title="Ecologist Green Party (Moldova)">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Reform_Action" title="United Reform Action">Montenegro</a></li> <li>Netherlands <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GroenLinks" title="GroenLinks">GroenLinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Netherlands)" title="The Greens (Netherlands)">The Greens</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Renewal_of_Macedonia" title="Democratic Renewal of Macedonia">North Macedonia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Norway)" title="Green Party (Norway)">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greens_(Poland)" title="The Greens (Poland)">Poland</a></li> <li>Portugal <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Earth_Party" title="Earth Party">Earth Party</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Party_%22The_Greens%22" title="Ecologist Party "The Greens"">The Greens</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LIVRE" title="LIVRE">LIVRE</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Romania <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecologist_Party_of_Romania" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecologist Party of Romania">Ecologist Party</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Romania)" title="Green Party (Romania)">Green Party</a></li></ul></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_United_Green_Alternative" title="Civil United Green Alternative">Civil United Green Alternative</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Russian_Ecological_Party_%22The_Greens%22" title="Russian Ecological Party "The Greens"">Ecological Party "The Greens"</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Greens_of_Russia" title="Union of Greens of Russia">Union of Greens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Alliance_(Russia)" title="Green Alliance (Russia)">Green Alliance</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Alternative_(Russia)" title="Green Alternative (Russia)">Green Alternative</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Serbia <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ecological_Uprising" title="Ecological Uprising">Ecological Uprising</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greens_of_Serbia" title="Greens of Serbia">Greens of Serbia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Together_(Serbia)" title="Together (Serbia)">Together</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green%E2%80%93Left_Front" title="Green–Left Front">Green–Left Front</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Slovakia)" title="Green Party (Slovakia)">Slovakia</a></li> <li>Slovenia <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Greens_of_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Greens of Slovenia">Greens</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_Party_%E2%80%93_European_Greens" title="Youth Party – European Greens">Youth Party</a></li></ul></li> <li>Spain <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Initiative_for_Catalonia_Greens" title="Initiative for Catalonia Greens">Catalonia Greens</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Greens" title="Confederation of the Greens">Confederation of the Greens</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equo" class="mw-redirect" title="Equo">Equo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Greens%E2%80%93Green_Group" title="The Greens–Green Group">The Greens–Green Group</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(Sweden)" title="Green Party (Sweden)">Sweden</a></li> <li>Switzerland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Party of Switzerland">Green Party</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Green_Liberal_Party_of_Switzerland" title="Green Liberal Party of Switzerland">Green Liberal Party</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Turkey <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Greens%27_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Greens' Party">Greens' Party</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_of_Greens_of_Ukraine" title="Party of Greens of Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li>United Kingdom <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_England_and_Wales" title="Green Party of England and Wales">England and Wales</a> <i>(<a href="/wiki/Wales_Green_Party" title="Wales Green Party">Wales</a>)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_Northern_Ireland" title="Green Party Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Greens" title="Scottish Greens">Scotland</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italic</i> links indicate non-members or observers of the <a href="/wiki/Global_Greens" title="Global Greens">Global Greens</a>.</li> <li>See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_green_political_parties" title="List of green political parties">List of green political parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743390#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata670" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743390#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata670" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q743390#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/125451900">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12556971s">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12556971s">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/034861904">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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</div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span 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