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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//SoftQuad//DTD HoTMetaL PRO 4.0::19971010::extensions to HTML 4.0//EN" "hmpro4.dtd"> <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>ISS Expedition 66</TITLE> <META NAME="author" CONTENT="Joachim Becker"> <META NAME="keywords" CONTENT="ISS-66, cosmonaut, astronaut, spaceflight, ISS, Internation Space Station, spacecraft, Soyuz, Progress, Dragon, Starliner, HTV, Cygnus"> <META NAME="description" CONTENT="ISS Expedition 66"> <LINK REL="stylesheet" TYPE="text/css" HREF="text1.css"> <STYLE TYPE="text/css"> body { margin-left:10px; margin-right:10px; margin-top:10px; margin-bottom:10px } </STYLE> <STYLE TYPE="text/css"> body, textarea { scrollbar-base-color:#000000; scrollbar-3dlight-color:#FFFFFF; scrollbar-arrow-color:#FFFFFF; scrollbar-darkshadow-color:#000000; scrollbar-face-color:#000000; scrollbar-highlight-color:#FFFFFF; scrollbar-shadow-color:#000000; scrollbar-track-color:#FFFFFF; } </STYLE> <SCRIPT LANGUAGE="JavaScript" TYPE="text/javascript" SRC="button.js"></SCRIPT> </HEAD> <BODY BACKGROUND="../patches/wall.gif" BGPROPERTIES="FIXED"> <DIV STYLE="width: 1050px"> <DIV ALIGN="center"> <H3>Resident Crews of the International Space Station (<A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A>)</H3></DIV> <IMG SRC="../patches/line_4.jpg" WIDTH="97%" HEIGHT="5"> <TABLE WIDTH="97%"> <TR> <TD WIDTH="50%" ROWSPAN="2"> <H1><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A>: Expedition 66</H1> </TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="../p_large/iss_logo.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../patches/iss_logo_2.png" ALT="ISS logo" WIDTH="295" HEIGHT="295" BORDER="0" TITLE="ISS logo"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> <A HREF="../patches_hi/iss_logo.jpg" TARGET="wall" STYLE="text-decoration:none">hi res version (558 KB)</A></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <TABLE WIDTH="97%"> <TR> <TD WIDTH="50%"><A HREF="../p_large/iss-66.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../patches/iss-66.png" ALT="Patch ISS-66" WIDTH="289" HEIGHT="303" BORDER="0" TITLE="Patch ISS-66"></A></TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="../large/iss-66.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../photo/iss-66.jpg" ALT="Crew ISS-66" WIDTH="330" HEIGHT="264" BORDER="0" TITLE="Crew ISS-66"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="50%"> <A HREF="../patches_hi/iss-66.jpg" TARGET="wall" STYLE="text-decoration:none">hi res version (816 KB)</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> <A HREF="../photo_hi/iss-66.jpg" TARGET="wall" STYLE="text-decoration:none">hi res version (1.01 MB)</A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="50%"></TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> <H3 ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="../alternate/large/iss-66_poster.htm" TARGET="wall" STYLE="text-decoration:none">crew poster</A></H3></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="50%"><A HREF="../p_large/prichal.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../patches/prichal.png" ALT="Prichal patch" WIDTH="291" HEIGHT="300" BORDER="0" TITLE="Prichal patch"></A></TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="../p_large/dragon-spx-24_nasa.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../patches/dragon_spx-24_nasa.png" ALT="Patch Dragon SpX-24 (NASA)" WIDTH="294" HEIGHT="298" BORDER="0" TITLE="Patch Dragon SpX-24 (NASA)"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="50%"><A HREF="../p_large/dragon-spx-24_spacex.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../patches/dragon_spx-24_spacex.png" ALT="Patch Dragon SpX-24 (SpaceX)" WIDTH="278" HEIGHT="315" TITLE="Patch Dragon SpX-24 (SpaceX)" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"><A HREF="../p_large/cygnus_ng-17_northrop.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../patches/cygnus_ng-17_northrop.png" ALT="Patch Cygnus NG-17 (Northrop)" WIDTH="271" HEIGHT="321" BORDER="0" TITLE="Patch Cygnus NG-17 (Northrop)"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="50%"><A HREF="../p_large/cygnus_ng-17_nasa.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../patches/cyhnus_ng-17_nasa.png" ALT="Patch Cygnus NG-17 (NASA)" WIDTH="307" HEIGHT="284" TITLE="Patch Cygnus NG-17 (NASA)" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD WIDTH="50%"> <A HREF="../patches_hi/cygnus_ng-17_nasa.jpg" TARGET="wall" STYLE="text-decoration:none">hi res version (442 KB)</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER"></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <IMG SRC="../patches/line_4.jpg" WIDTH="97%" HEIGHT="5"> <H3>Crew, launch- and landing data</H3> <TABLE BORDER="4" BGCOLOR="#80FF80" CELLSPACING="0"> <TR BGCOLOR="#33CC33"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER">No.</TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" WIDTH="58">Nation</TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">Surname</TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">Given names</TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">Position</TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">Spacecraft (launch)</TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">Launch date</TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" HEIGHT="29">Launch time</TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" HEIGHT="29">Spacecraft (landing)</TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" HEIGHT="29">Landing date</TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" HEIGHT="29">Landing time</TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" HEIGHT="29">Mission duration</TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" HEIGHT="29">Orbits</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER">1</TD> <TD WIDTH="58"><IMG SRC="../../graph/flags2/france.gif" ALT="France" WIDTH="58" HEIGHT="29" BORDER="0" TITLE="France"></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../bios/international/english/pesquet_thomas.htm" TARGET="wall">Pesquet</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> Thomas Gautier</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('International Space Station Commander (Russian Designation: Komandir Mezhdunarodnaya Kosmicheskaya Stantsiya)')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS-CDR</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/crew-2.htm" TARGET="wall">SpaceX Crew-2</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 23.04.2021</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 09:49:02.397 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/crew-2.htm" TARGET="wall">SpaceX Crew-2</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"> 09 11.2021</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 03:33:15 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">199d 17h 44m 13s </TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT">3194 </TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER">2</TD> <TD WIDTH="58"><IMG SRC="../../graph/flags2/usa.gif" TITLE="USA" WIDTH="58" HEIGHT="29"></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/kimbrough_robert.htm" TARGET="wall">Kimbrough</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> Robert Shane</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Russian Designation: Bortinzhener')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Flight Engineer</A>-14</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/crew-2.htm" TARGET="wall">SpaceX Crew-2</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 23.04.2021</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 09:49:02.397 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/crew-2.htm" TARGET="wall">SpaceX Crew-2</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 09 11.2021</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 03:33:15 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">199d 17h 44m 13s </TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT">3194 </TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER">3</TD> <TD WIDTH="58"><IMG SRC="../../graph/flags2/usa.gif" TITLE="USA" WIDTH="58" HEIGHT="29"></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/mcarthur_megan.htm" TARGET="wall">McArthur</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> Katherine Megan</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Russian Designation: Bortinzhener')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Flight Engineer</A>-15</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/crew-2.htm" TARGET="wall">SpaceX Crew-2</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 23.04.2021</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 09:49:02.397 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/crew-2.htm" TARGET="wall">SpaceX Crew-2</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"> 09 11.2021</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 03:33:15 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">199d 17h 44m 13s </TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT">3194 </TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER">4</TD> <TD WIDTH="58"><IMG SRC="../../graph/flags2/japan.gif" ALT="Japan" WIDTH="58" HEIGHT="29" BORDER="0" TITLE="Japan"></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../bios/international/english/hoshide_akihito.htm" TARGET="wall">Hoshide</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> Akihiko</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Russian Designation: Bortinzhener')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Flight Engineer</A>-16</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/crew-2.htm" TARGET="wall">SpaceX Crew-2</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 23.04.2021</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 09:49:02.397 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/crew-2.htm" TARGET="wall">SpaceX Crew-2</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"> 09 11.2021</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 03:33:15 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A> </TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">199d 17h 44m 13s </TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT">3194 </TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER">5</TD> <TD WIDTH="58"><IMG SRC="../../graph/flags2/russia.gif" TITLE="Russian Federation" WIDTH="58" HEIGHT="29"></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../bios/cosmonauts/english/dubrov_pyotr.htm" TARGET="wall">Dubrov</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> Pyotr Valerievich</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Russian Designation: Bortinzhener')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Flight Engineer</A>-5</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-18.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-18</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 09.04.2021</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 07:42:40.496 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-19.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-19</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"> 30.03.2022</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 11:28:01.2 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">355d 03h 45m 21s </TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT">5680 </TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER">6</TD> <TD WIDTH="58"><IMG SRC="../../graph/flags2/usa.gif" TITLE="USA" WIDTH="58" HEIGHT="29"></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/vande-hei_mark.htm" TARGET="wall">Vande Hei</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> Mark Thomas</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Russian Designation: Bortinzhener')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Flight Engineer</A>-6</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-18.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-18</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 09.04.2021</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 07:42:40.496 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-19.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-19</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"> 30.03.2022</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 11:28:01.2 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">355d 03h 45m 21s </TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT">5680 </TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER">7</TD> <TD WIDTH="58"><IMG SRC="../../graph/flags2/russia.gif" TITLE="Russian Federation" WIDTH="58" HEIGHT="29"></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../bios/cosmonauts/english/shkaplerov_anton.htm" TARGET="wall">Shkaplerov</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> Anton Nikolayevich</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('International Space Station Commander (Russian Designation: Komandir Mezhdunarodnaya Kosmicheskaya Stantsiya)')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS-CDR</A> *</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-19.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-19</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 05.10.2021</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 08:55:02.442 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-19.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-19</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"> 30.03.2022</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 11:28:01.2 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">176d 02h 32m 59s </TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT">2759 </TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER">8</TD> <TD WIDTH="58"><IMG SRC="../../graph/flags2/usa.gif" TITLE="USA" WIDTH="58" HEIGHT="29"></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/chari_raja.htm" TARGET="wall">Chari</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> Raja Jon Vurputoor "Grinder"</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Russian Designation: Bortinzhener')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Flight Engineer</A>-10</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/crew-3.htm" TARGET="wall">SpaceX Crew-3</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 11.11.2021</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 02:03:30 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/crew-3.htm" TARGET="wall">SpaceX Crew-3</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"> 06.05.2022</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 04:43:23 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">176d 02h 39m 53s </TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT">2832 </TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER">9</TD> <TD WIDTH="58"><IMG SRC="../../graph/flags2/usa.gif" TITLE="USA" WIDTH="58" HEIGHT="29"></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/marshburn_thomas.htm" TARGET="wall">Marshburn</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> Thomas Henry "Tom"</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" ALIGN="LEFT"> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Russian Designation: Bortinzhener')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Flight Engineer</A>-11</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/crew-3.htm" TARGET="wall">SpaceX Crew-3</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 11.11.2021</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 02:03:30 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/crew-3.htm" TARGET="wall">SpaceX Crew-3</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"> 06.05.2022</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 04:43:23 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">176d 02h 39m 53s </TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT">2832 </TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER">10</TD> <TD WIDTH="58"><IMG SRC="../../graph/flags2/germany.gif" ALT="Germany" WIDTH="58" HEIGHT="29" BORDER="0" TITLE="Germany"></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../bios/international/english/maurer_matthias.htm" TARGET="wall">Maurer</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> Matthias Josef</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Russian Designation: Bortinzhener')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Flight Engineer</A>-13</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/crew-3.htm" TARGET="wall">SpaceX Crew-3</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 11.11.2021</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 02:03:30 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/crew-3.htm" TARGET="wall">SpaceX Crew-3</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"> 06.05.2022</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 04:43:23 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">176d 02h 39m 53s </TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT">2832 </TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER">11</TD> <TD WIDTH="58"><IMG SRC="../../graph/flags2/usa.gif" TITLE="USA" WIDTH="58" HEIGHT="29"></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/barron_kayla.htm" TARGET="wall">Barron</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> Kayla Sax</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Russian Designation: Bortinzhener')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Flight Engineer</A>-12</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/crew-3.htm" TARGET="wall">SpaceX Crew-3</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 11.11.2021</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 02:03:30 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/crew-3.htm" TARGET="wall">SpaceX Crew-3</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"> 06.05.2022</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 04:43:23 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">176d 02h 39m 53s </TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT">2832 </TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER">12</TD> <TD WIDTH="58"><IMG SRC="../../graph/flags2/russia.gif" TITLE="Russian Federation" WIDTH="58" HEIGHT="29"></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../bios/cosmonauts/english/artemyev_oleg.htm" TARGET="wall">Artemyev</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> Oleg Germanovich</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Russian Designation: Bortinzhener')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Flight Engineer</A>-1</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-21.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-21</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 18.03.2022</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 15:55:18.451 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-21.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-21</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"> 29.09.2022</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 10:57:12.8 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">194d 19h 01m 54s </TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT">3120 </TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER">13</TD> <TD WIDTH="58"><IMG SRC="../../graph/flags2/russia.gif" TITLE="Russian Federation" WIDTH="58" HEIGHT="29"></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../bios/cosmonauts/english/matveyev_denis.htm" TARGET="wall">Matveyev</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> Denis Vladimirovich</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Russian Designation: Bortinzhener')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Flight Engineer</A>-2</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-21.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-21</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 18.03.2022</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 15:55:18.451 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-21.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-21</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"> 29.09.2022</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 10:57:12.8 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">194d 19h 01m 54s </TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT">3120 </TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD ALIGN="CENTER">14</TD> <TD WIDTH="58"><IMG SRC="../../graph/flags2/russia.gif" TITLE="Russian Federation" WIDTH="58" HEIGHT="29"></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../bios/cosmonauts/english/korsakov_sergei.htm" TARGET="wall">Korsakov</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> Sergei Vladimirovich</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Russian Designation: Bortinzhener')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Flight Engineer</A>-3</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-21.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-21</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 18.03.2022</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 15:55:18.451 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-21.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-21</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT"> 29.09.2022</TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP"> 10:57:12.8 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP">194d 19h 01m 54s </TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT">3120 </TD> </TR> </TABLE> * since November 06, 2021 Anton <A HREF="../../bios/cosmonauts/english/shkaplerov_anton.htm" TARGET="wall">Shkaplerov</A> replaced Thomas <A HREF="../../bios/international/english/pesquet_thomas.htm" TARGET="wall">Pesquet</A> as <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('International Space Station Commander (Russian Designation: Komandir Mezhdunarodnaya Kosmicheskaya Stantsiya)')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS-CDR</A> <TABLE WIDTH="97%"> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../../english/e_position.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=850,height=900,left=10,top=0')"><IMG SRC="../../graph2/e_position.gif" TITLE="Where is the ISS now?" WIDTH="240" HEIGHT="240" BORDER="0" NAME="image3" ONMOUSEOVER="on('image3');" ONMOUSEOUT="off('image3')" ALT="Where is the ISS now?"></A></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <H3>Expedition Report</H3> <TABLE WIDTH="97%" BORDER="4" BGCOLOR="#80FF80" CELLSPACING="0"> <TR> <TD> <DIV ALIGN="justify"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> Expedition 66 began with the undocking of Russian spacecraft <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-18.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-18</A> on October 17, 2021 at 01:14 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A>. The landing crew consisted of Oleg <A HREF="../../bios/cosmonauts/english/novitsky_oleg.htm" TARGET="wall">Novitsky</A>, Klim <A HREF="../../bios/tourists/english/shipenko_klim.htm" TARGET="wall">Shipenko</A> and Yulia <A HREF="../../bios/tourists/english/peresild_yulia.htm" TARGET="wall">Peresild</A>. Three-and-a-half-hours later the crew landed safely in Kazakhstan. So, the new Expedition 66 consisted of <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> Commander Thomas <A HREF="../../bios/international/english/pesquet_thomas.htm" TARGET="wall">Pesquet</A>, Pyotr <A HREF="../../bios/cosmonauts/english/dubrov_pyotr.htm" TARGET="wall">Dubrov</A>, Mark <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/vande-hei_mark.htm" TARGET="wall">Vande Hei</A>, Anton <A HREF="../../bios/cosmonauts/english/shkaplerov_anton.htm" TARGET="wall">Shkaplerov</A>, Shane <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/kimbrough_robert.htm" TARGET="wall">Kimbrough</A>, Megan <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/mcarthur_megan.htm" TARGET="wall">McArthur</A> and Akihiko <A HREF="../../bios/international/english/hoshide_akihito.htm" TARGET="wall">Hoshide</A>. The <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. It consists of three modules. A pressurized forward module carries the supplies for the crew such as scientific equipment, clothes, prepackaged and fresh food, and letters from home. The docking drogue is similar to that of the Soyuz. The fuel compartment with unpressurized propellant is the second part. The fuel is carried in two tanks. The propulsion module, at the rear of the spacecraft contains the orientation engines used for the automatic docking. It may be used to boost the orbit of the station once docked. A Progress has a length of 7.2 m, is 2.7 m in diameter and has a cargo capacity of around 2,400 kg.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Progress</A> MS-17 spacecraft undocked from the space station at 23:42:27 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A> on October 20, 2021. After undocking from the station's <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/poisk_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Poisk</A> module, <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. It consists of three modules. A pressurized forward module carries the supplies for the crew such as scientific equipment, clothes, prepackaged and fresh food, and letters from home. The docking drogue is similar to that of the Soyuz. The fuel compartment with unpressurized propellant is the second part. The fuel is carried in two tanks. The propulsion module, at the rear of the spacecraft contains the orientation engines used for the automatic docking. It may be used to boost the orbit of the station once docked. A Progress has a length of 7.2 m, is 2.7 m in diameter and has a cargo capacity of around 2,400 kg.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Progress</A> MS-17 backed out to a distance of 120 miles (193 kilometers) from the space station for a period of just over 24 hours to allow for station keeping. The spacecraft then made an automated docking at 04:21:07 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A> on October 22, 2021 to the <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Nauka</A> Multipurpose Laboratory Module. The maneuver will position <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. It consists of three modules. A pressurized forward module carries the supplies for the crew such as scientific equipment, clothes, prepackaged and fresh food, and letters from home. The docking drogue is similar to that of the Soyuz. The fuel compartment with unpressurized propellant is the second part. The fuel is carried in two tanks. The propulsion module, at the rear of the spacecraft contains the orientation engines used for the automatic docking. It may be used to boost the orbit of the station once docked. A Progress has a length of 7.2 m, is 2.7 m in diameter and has a cargo capacity of around 2,400 kg.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Progress</A> MS-17 to conduct leak checks of the <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Nauka</A> module's propellant lines before they are used with the new module's thrusters for orientation control of the station. <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. It consists of three modules. A pressurized forward module carries the supplies for the crew such as scientific equipment, clothes, prepackaged and fresh food, and letters from home. The docking drogue is similar to that of the Soyuz. The fuel compartment with unpressurized propellant is the second part. The fuel is carried in two tanks. The propulsion module, at the rear of the spacecraft contains the orientation engines used for the automatic docking. It may be used to boost the orbit of the station once docked. A Progress has a length of 7.2 m, is 2.7 m in diameter and has a cargo capacity of around 2,400 kg.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Progress</A> MS-17 arrived at the station in July 2021 and will depart in late November 2021. The new <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. It consists of three modules. A pressurized forward module carries the supplies for the crew such as scientific equipment, clothes, prepackaged and fresh food, and letters from home. The docking drogue is similar to that of the Soyuz. The fuel compartment with unpressurized propellant is the second part. The fuel is carried in two tanks. The propulsion module, at the rear of the spacecraft contains the orientation engines used for the automatic docking. It may be used to boost the orbit of the station once docked. A Progress has a length of 7.2 m, is 2.7 m in diameter and has a cargo capacity of around 2,400 kg.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Progress</A> MS-18 cargo craft will launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan at 00:00:32 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A> on October 28, 2021. Loaded with almost three tons of food, fuel, and supplies for the station crew, the resupply ship docked to the aft port of the <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/zvezda_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Zvezda</A> service module at 01:31:19 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A> on October 30, 2021. The launch of the unpiloted Russian <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. It consists of three modules. A pressurized forward module carries the supplies for the crew such as scientific equipment, clothes, prepackaged and fresh food, and letters from home. The docking drogue is similar to that of the Soyuz. The fuel compartment with unpressurized propellant is the second part. The fuel is carried in two tanks. The propulsion module, at the rear of the spacecraft contains the orientation engines used for the automatic docking. It may be used to boost the orbit of the station once docked. A Progress has a length of 7.2 m, is 2.7 m in diameter and has a cargo capacity of around 2,400 kg.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Progress</A> MS-18 occurred on October 28, 2021 at 00:00:32.525 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A> from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. The freighter delivers almost two-and-half tons material. It transports space experimentation, medical inspection and hygiene and hygiene items, clothing, standard food rations and good food for the crew members of this expedition. The <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. It consists of three modules. A pressurized forward module carries the supplies for the crew such as scientific equipment, clothes, prepackaged and fresh food, and letters from home. The docking drogue is similar to that of the Soyuz. The fuel compartment with unpressurized propellant is the second part. The fuel is carried in two tanks. The propulsion module, at the rear of the spacecraft contains the orientation engines used for the automatic docking. It may be used to boost the orbit of the station once docked. A Progress has a length of 7.2 m, is 2.7 m in diameter and has a cargo capacity of around 2,400 kg.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Progress</A> MS-18 spacecraft docked to the <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/zvezda_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Zvezda</A> module at the Russian segment on October 30, 2021 at 01:31:19 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A>. <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. It consists of three modules. A pressurized forward module carries the supplies for the crew such as scientific equipment, clothes, prepackaged and fresh food, and letters from home. The docking drogue is similar to that of the Soyuz. The fuel compartment with unpressurized propellant is the second part. The fuel is carried in two tanks. The propulsion module, at the rear of the spacecraft contains the orientation engines used for the automatic docking. It may be used to boost the orbit of the station once docked. A Progress has a length of 7.2 m, is 2.7 m in diameter and has a cargo capacity of around 2,400 kg.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Progress</A> MS-18 will remain docked at the station for five months before departing in May 2022 for its deorbit into Earth's atmosphere. The European astronaut Thomas <A HREF="../../bios/international/english/pesquet_thomas.htm" TARGET="wall">Pesquet</A> passed on command of the International Space Station to the Russian cosmonaut Anton <A HREF="../../bios/cosmonauts/english/shkaplerov_anton.htm" TARGET="wall">Shkaplerov</A> on November 06, 2021. On November 08, 2021 at 19:05 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A>, <A HREF="../../mission/english/crew-2.htm" TARGET="wall">SpaceX Crew-2</A> Endeavour undocked from the International Space Station with astronauts Shane <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/kimbrough_robert.htm" TARGET="wall">Kimbrough</A>, Megan <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/mcarthur_megan.htm" TARGET="wall">McArthur</A>, Akihiko <A HREF="../../bios/international/english/hoshide_akihito.htm" TARGET="wall">Hoshide</A> and Thomas <A HREF="../../bios/international/english/pesquet_thomas.htm" TARGET="wall">Pesquet</A> on board and splashed down at 03:33 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A> on November 09, 2021 off the coast of Florida. On November 10, 2021 an <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> reboost was performed using <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. It consists of three modules. A pressurized forward module carries the supplies for the crew such as scientific equipment, clothes, prepackaged and fresh food, and letters from home. The docking drogue is similar to that of the Soyuz. The fuel compartment with unpressurized propellant is the second part. The fuel is carried in two tanks. The propulsion module, at the rear of the spacecraft contains the orientation engines used for the automatic docking. It may be used to boost the orbit of the station once docked. A Progress has a length of 7.2 m, is 2.7 m in diameter and has a cargo capacity of around 2,400 kg.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Progress</A> MS-18 thrusters. This reboost was to set to avoid a piece of space junk. The engines started at 20:15 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A> and fired 360 seconds. After the corrective maneuver, the average orbit of the <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> increased by 1,200 meters. The actual parameters are 417.94 km x 438.39 km. The <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> needs 92.927 minutes for each orbit. The <A HREF="../../mission/english/crew-3.htm" TARGET="wall">SpaceX Crew-3</A> mission launched on November 11, 2021 from Launch Complex 39-A at <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('National Aeronautics and Space Administration')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">NASA</A>'s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. This is the third crew rotation flight of the <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX) is an American space transport services company. It was founded in 2002 by Elon Musk. It has developed the Falcon 1 and Falcon 9 launch vehicles, both of which were designed from conception to eventually become reusable, and the Dragon spacecraft which is flown into orbit by the Falcon 9 launch vehicle to supply the ISS with cargo. In 2006, NASA awarded the company a Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) contract.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">SpaceX</A> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Crew Dragon is the second version of the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft, which will be a human-rated vehicle. Capacity: seven astronauts. It is able to autonomously dock to space stations. Dimensions: Diameter: 3.7 m (12 ft) with trunk, Height: 8.1 m (27 ft) with trunk.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Crew Dragon</A> spacecraft on a Falcon 9 rocket following certification by <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('National Aeronautics and Space Administration')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">NASA</A> for regular flights to the space station as part of the agency's Commercial Crew Program. The <A HREF="../../mission/english/crew-3.htm" TARGET="wall">SpaceX Crew-3</A> Endurance carried <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Crew Dragon is the second version of the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft, which will be a human-rated vehicle. Capacity: seven astronauts. It is able to autonomously dock to space stations. Dimensions: Diameter: 3.7 m (12 ft) with trunk, Height: 8.1 m (27 ft) with trunk.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Crew Dragon</A> Commander Raja <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/chari_raja.htm" TARGET="wall">Chari</A>, Pilot Thomas <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/marshburn_thomas.htm" TARGET="wall">Marshburn</A>, Mission Specialist Matthias <A HREF="../../bios/international/english/maurer_matthias.htm" TARGET="wall">Maurer</A> from European Space Agency (<A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('European Space Agency')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ESA</A>) and Mission Specialist Kayla <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/barron_kayla.htm" TARGET="wall">Barron</A> to the space station for a six-month science mission. The <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Crew Dragon is the second version of the SpaceX Dragon spacecraft, which will be a human-rated vehicle. Capacity: seven astronauts. It is able to autonomously dock to space stations. Dimensions: Diameter: 3.7 m (12 ft) with trunk, Height: 8.1 m (27 ft) with trunk.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Crew Dragon</A> docked to the International Space Station on November 11, 2021. <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Northrop Grumman Corporation is an American global aerospace and defense technology company. On June 06, 2018, Northrop acquired missile and rocket manufacturer Orbital ATK. The acquired company assets and naming were absorbed and become a division named Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems. Northrop Grumman now launches the unmanned freighters Cygnus to the ISS.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Northrop Grumman</A>'s uncrewed <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Cygnus spacecraft is an automated cargo spacecraft developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation. It is launched by Orbital Antares rocket. The Cygnus spacecraft consists of two basic components: the Pressurized Cargo Module (PCM) with 18-27 cubic meters and the Service Module (SM). Cygnus has a height of up to 4.86 meters and is 3.07 meters in diameter. The mass is up to 1,800 kilograms. Cygnus maneuvers close to the International Space Station, where the Canadarm2 robotic arm grapples the spacecraft and berths it to a Common Berthing Mechanism on the Harmony module.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Cygnus</A> NG-16 spacecraft departed the International Space Station on November 20, 2021, after delivering nearly 8,000 pounds (3,630 kg) of supplies, scientific investigations, commercial products, hardware, and other cargo to the orbital laboratory. <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Northrop Grumman Corporation is an American global aerospace and defense technology company. On June 06, 2018, Northrop acquired missile and rocket manufacturer Orbital ATK. The acquired company assets and naming were absorbed and become a division named Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems. Northrop Grumman now launches the unmanned freighters Cygnus to the ISS.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Northrop Grumman</A> named the spacecraft after the late <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('National Aeronautics and Space Administration')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">NASA</A> astronaut Ellison <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/onizuka_ellison.htm" TARGET="wall">Onizuka</A>. Flight controllers on the ground sent commands for the space station's <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/ssrms-mt_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Canadarm2</A> robotic arm to detach <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Cygnus spacecraft is an automated cargo spacecraft developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation. It is launched by Orbital Antares rocket. The Cygnus spacecraft consists of two basic components: the Pressurized Cargo Module (PCM) with 18-27 cubic meters and the Service Module (SM). Cygnus has a height of up to 4.86 meters and is 3.07 meters in diameter. The mass is up to 1,800 kilograms. Cygnus maneuvers close to the International Space Station, where the Canadarm2 robotic arm grapples the spacecraft and berths it to a Common Berthing Mechanism on the Harmony module.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Cygnus</A> from the <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/unity_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Unity</A> module's Earth-facing port. The arm then maneuvered the spacecraft into position and released it at 16:01:30 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A>. Matthias <A HREF="../../bios/international/english/maurer_matthias.htm" TARGET="wall">Maurer</A> monitored <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Cygnus spacecraft is an automated cargo spacecraft developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation. It is launched by Orbital Antares rocket. The Cygnus spacecraft consists of two basic components: the Pressurized Cargo Module (PCM) with 18-27 cubic meters and the Service Module (SM). Cygnus has a height of up to 4.86 meters and is 3.07 meters in diameter. The mass is up to 1,800 kilograms. Cygnus maneuvers close to the International Space Station, where the Canadarm2 robotic arm grapples the spacecraft and berths it to a Common Berthing Mechanism on the Harmony module.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Cygnus</A>' systems upon its departure from the space station. After departure, the Kentucky Re-Entry Probe Experiment (KREPE) stowed inside <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Cygnus spacecraft is an automated cargo spacecraft developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation. It is launched by Orbital Antares rocket. The Cygnus spacecraft consists of two basic components: the Pressurized Cargo Module (PCM) with 18-27 cubic meters and the Service Module (SM). Cygnus has a height of up to 4.86 meters and is 3.07 meters in diameter. The mass is up to 1,800 kilograms. Cygnus maneuvers close to the International Space Station, where the Canadarm2 robotic arm grapples the spacecraft and berths it to a Common Berthing Mechanism on the Harmony module.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Cygnus</A> will take measurements to demonstrate a thermal protection system for spacecraft and their contents during re-entry in Earth's atmosphere, which can be difficult to replicate in ground simulations. <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Cygnus spacecraft is an automated cargo spacecraft developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation. It is launched by Orbital Antares rocket. The Cygnus spacecraft consists of two basic components: the Pressurized Cargo Module (PCM) with 18-27 cubic meters and the Service Module (SM). Cygnus has a height of up to 4.86 meters and is 3.07 meters in diameter. The mass is up to 1,800 kilograms. Cygnus maneuvers close to the International Space Station, where the Canadarm2 robotic arm grapples the spacecraft and berths it to a Common Berthing Mechanism on the Harmony module.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Cygnus</A> then performed a deorbit engine firing to set up a destructive re-entry in which the spacecraft, filled with waste the space station crew packed, burned up in Earth's atmosphere. The five-ton <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/prichal_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1000,height=800,left=0,top=0')">Prichal</A> docking module and its modified, uncrewed Russian <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. It consists of three modules. A pressurized forward module carries the supplies for the crew such as scientific equipment, clothes, prepackaged and fresh food, and letters from home. The docking drogue is similar to that of the Soyuz. The fuel compartment with unpressurized propellant is the second part. The fuel is carried in two tanks. The propulsion module, at the rear of the spacecraft contains the orientation engines used for the automatic docking. It may be used to boost the orbit of the station once docked. A Progress has a length of 7.2 m, is 2.7 m in diameter and has a cargo capacity of around 2,400 kg.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Progress</A> (<A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. It consists of three modules. A pressurized forward module carries the supplies for the crew such as scientific equipment, clothes, prepackaged and fresh food, and letters from home. The docking drogue is similar to that of the Soyuz. The fuel compartment with unpressurized propellant is the second part. The fuel is carried in two tanks. The propulsion module, at the rear of the spacecraft contains the orientation engines used for the automatic docking. It may be used to boost the orbit of the station once docked. A Progress has a length of 7.2 m, is 2.7 m in diameter and has a cargo capacity of around 2,400 kg.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Progress</A> M-UM) delivery spacecraft launched atop a Soyuz 2.1b booster from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan 13:06:36 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A> on November 24, 2021. After separating from the Soyuz rocket's upper stage, <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. It consists of three modules. A pressurized forward module carries the supplies for the crew such as scientific equipment, clothes, prepackaged and fresh food, and letters from home. The docking drogue is similar to that of the Soyuz. The fuel compartment with unpressurized propellant is the second part. The fuel is carried in two tanks. The propulsion module, at the rear of the spacecraft contains the orientation engines used for the automatic docking. It may be used to boost the orbit of the station once docked. A Progress has a length of 7.2 m, is 2.7 m in diameter and has a cargo capacity of around 2,400 kg.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Progress</A> transported <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/prichal_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1000,height=800,left=0,top=0')">Prichal</A> for an automated docking with the space station's <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Nauka</A> multipurpose laboratory module two days later, at 15:19:39 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A> on November 26, 2021. <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/prichal_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1000,height=800,left=0,top=0')">Prichal</A>, named for the Russian word for port or berth, has five available docking ports to accommodate multiple Russian spacecraft and provide fuel transfer capability to the <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Nauka</A> module. The docking compartment has an internal volume of 14 cubic meters. To make room for <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/prichal_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1000,height=800,left=0,top=0')">Prichal</A>, the recently relocated, uncrewed <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. It consists of three modules. A pressurized forward module carries the supplies for the crew such as scientific equipment, clothes, prepackaged and fresh food, and letters from home. The docking drogue is similar to that of the Soyuz. The fuel compartment with unpressurized propellant is the second part. The fuel is carried in two tanks. The propulsion module, at the rear of the spacecraft contains the orientation engines used for the automatic docking. It may be used to boost the orbit of the station once docked. A Progress has a length of 7.2 m, is 2.7 m in diameter and has a cargo capacity of around 2,400 kg.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Progress</A> MS-17 cargo craft undocked from <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Nauka</A> at 11:22:30 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A> on November 25, 2021 and followed a path to burn up upon reentry in the Earth's atmosphere. The modified <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. It consists of three modules. A pressurized forward module carries the supplies for the crew such as scientific equipment, clothes, prepackaged and fresh food, and letters from home. The docking drogue is similar to that of the Soyuz. The fuel compartment with unpressurized propellant is the second part. The fuel is carried in two tanks. The propulsion module, at the rear of the spacecraft contains the orientation engines used for the automatic docking. It may be used to boost the orbit of the station once docked. A Progress has a length of 7.2 m, is 2.7 m in diameter and has a cargo capacity of around 2,400 kg.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Progress</A> transport spacecraft that guided <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/prichal_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1000,height=800,left=0,top=0')">Prichal</A> to the station will detach from <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/prichal_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1000,height=800,left=0,top=0')">Prichal</A> in late December 2021 and burn up during reentry over the Pacific Ocean. On December 02, 2021 Thomas <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/marshburn_thomas.htm" TARGET="wall">Marshburn</A> and Kayla <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/barron_kayla.htm" TARGET="wall">Barron</A> performed a spacewalk (6h 32m) to replace a faulty Communications Antenna on International Space Station. Thomas <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/marshburn_thomas.htm" TARGET="wall">Marshburn</A> and Kayla <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/barron_kayla.htm" TARGET="wall">Barron</A> worked at the Port 1 (<A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/p1_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">P1</A>) truss structure, where the antenna is mounted. The antenna recently lost its ability to send signals to Earth via <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('National Aeronautics and Space Administration')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">NASA</A>'s Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System. Although its degradation has had limited impact on station operations, mission managers decided to install a new antenna to ensure communications redundancy. The space station has additional low-rate S-band systems, as well as the high-rate KU-band communications system that relays video. Throughout the spacewalk, Thomas <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/marshburn_thomas.htm" TARGET="wall">Marshburn</A> positioned himself at the end of the <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/ssrms-mt_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Canadarm2</A> robotic arm, working in tandem with Kayla <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/barron_kayla.htm" TARGET="wall">Barron</A>. Astronaut Matthias <A HREF="../../bios/international/english/maurer_matthias.htm" TARGET="wall">Maurer</A> of <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('European Space Agency')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ESA</A> (European Space Agency) controlled the robotic arm from inside the space station. On December 03, 2021 an unplanned <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> reboost was performed using <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. It consists of three modules. A pressurized forward module carries the supplies for the crew such as scientific equipment, clothes, prepackaged and fresh food, and letters from home. The docking drogue is similar to that of the Soyuz. The fuel compartment with unpressurized propellant is the second part. The fuel is carried in two tanks. The propulsion module, at the rear of the spacecraft contains the orientation engines used for the automatic docking. It may be used to boost the orbit of the station once docked. A Progress has a length of 7.2 m, is 2.7 m in diameter and has a cargo capacity of around 2,400 kg.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Progress</A> MS-18 thrusters. This reboost was to set to avoid a piece of space junk coming from a Pegasus rocket. The engines started at 07:58 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A> and fired 160.9 seconds. After the corrective maneuver, the average orbit of the <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> decreased by 300 meters. The actual parameters are 420.30 km x 434.84 km. The <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> needs 92.91 minutes for each orbit. <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-20.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-20</A> with the visiting crew Aleksandr <A HREF="../../bios/cosmonauts/english/misurkin_aleksandr.htm" TARGET="wall">Misurkin</A>, Yusaku <A HREF="../../bios/tourists/english/maezawa_yusaku.htm" TARGET="wall">Maezawa</A> and Yozo <A HREF="../../bios/tourists/english/hirano_yozu.htm" TARGET="wall">Hirano</A> docked to the International Space Station on December 08, 2021 at 13:40 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A>. The spacecraft was launched on the same day at 07:38:15.584 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A> from the cosmodrome Baikonur. <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-20.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-20</A> undocked from the International Space Station on December 19, 2021 at 23:50 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A> and landed three-and-a-half hours later in the steps of Kazhakstan. <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX) is an American space transport services company. It was founded in 2002 by Elon Musk. It has developed the Falcon 1 and Falcon 9 launch vehicles, both of which were designed from conception to eventually become reusable, and the Dragon spacecraft which is flown into orbit by the Falcon 9 launch vehicle to supply the ISS with cargo. In 2006, NASA awarded the company a Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) contract.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">SpaceX</A>'s 24th Commercial Resupply Services mission (<A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Dragon is a partially reusable spacecraft developed by SpaceX, an American private space transportation company. Dragon is launched into space by the SpaceX Falcon 9 two-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle. Dragon consists of a nose-cone cap that jettisons after launch, a conventional blunt-cone ballistic capsule, and an unpressurized cargo-carrier trunk equipped with two solar arrays. The Dragon capsule is re-usable, and can be flown on multiple missions. Dragon has a height of 6.1 meters (20 feet), is 3.7 meters (12.1 feet) in diameter and has a mass of 4,200 kg (9,300 lb). ')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Dragon</A> SpX-24 or CRS-24) launched on December 21, 2021 at 10:07:08 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A> on a Falcon 9 rocket from Launch Complex 39A at <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('National Aeronautics and Space Administration')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">NASA</A>'s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Dragon is a partially reusable spacecraft developed by SpaceX, an American private space transportation company. Dragon is launched into space by the SpaceX Falcon 9 two-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle. Dragon consists of a nose-cone cap that jettisons after launch, a conventional blunt-cone ballistic capsule, and an unpressurized cargo-carrier trunk equipped with two solar arrays. The Dragon capsule is re-usable, and can be flown on multiple missions. Dragon has a height of 6.1 meters (20 feet), is 3.7 meters (12.1 feet) in diameter and has a mass of 4,200 kg (9,300 lb). ')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Dragon</A> carried 6,500 pounds (2,950 kg) research, logistics and hardware for the Expedition 66/<A HREF="exp_67.htm" TARGET="wall">67</A> crew including a variety of <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('National Aeronautics and Space Administration')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">NASA</A> investigations, such as a protein crystal growth study that could improve how cancer treatment drugs are delivered to patients and a handheld bioprinter that could one day be used to print tissue directly onto wounds for faster healing. There are also experiments from students at several universities as part of the Student Payload Opportunity with Citizen Science (SPOCS) program and an investigation from the makers of Tide that examines detergent efficacy in microgravity. About 12 minutes after launch, <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Dragon is a partially reusable spacecraft developed by SpaceX, an American private space transportation company. Dragon is launched into space by the SpaceX Falcon 9 two-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle. Dragon consists of a nose-cone cap that jettisons after launch, a conventional blunt-cone ballistic capsule, and an unpressurized cargo-carrier trunk equipped with two solar arrays. The Dragon capsule is re-usable, and can be flown on multiple missions. Dragon has a height of 6.1 meters (20 feet), is 3.7 meters (12.1 feet) in diameter and has a mass of 4,200 kg (9,300 lb). ')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Dragon</A> separated from the Falcon 9 rocket's second stage and began a carefully choreographed series of thruster firings to reach the space station. Arrival to the station was on December 22, 2021. <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Dragon is a partially reusable spacecraft developed by SpaceX, an American private space transportation company. Dragon is launched into space by the SpaceX Falcon 9 two-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle. Dragon consists of a nose-cone cap that jettisons after launch, a conventional blunt-cone ballistic capsule, and an unpressurized cargo-carrier trunk equipped with two solar arrays. The Dragon capsule is re-usable, and can be flown on multiple missions. Dragon has a height of 6.1 meters (20 feet), is 3.7 meters (12.1 feet) in diameter and has a mass of 4,200 kg (9,300 lb). ')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Dragon</A> docked autonomously to the forward-facing port of the station's <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/harmony_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Harmony</A> module, with <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('National Aeronautics and Space Administration')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">NASA</A> astronauts Raja <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/chari_raja.htm" TARGET="wall">Chari</A> and Thomas <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/marshburn_thomas.htm" TARGET="wall">Marshburn</A> monitoring operations from the station. The modified <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. It consists of three modules. A pressurized forward module carries the supplies for the crew such as scientific equipment, clothes, prepackaged and fresh food, and letters from home. The docking drogue is similar to that of the Soyuz. The fuel compartment with unpressurized propellant is the second part. The fuel is carried in two tanks. The propulsion module, at the rear of the spacecraft contains the orientation engines used for the automatic docking. It may be used to boost the orbit of the station once docked. A Progress has a length of 7.2 m, is 2.7 m in diameter and has a cargo capacity of around 2,400 kg.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Progress</A> M-UM transport spacecraft that guided <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/prichal_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1000,height=800,left=0,top=0')">Prichal</A> to the station detached from <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/prichal_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1000,height=800,left=0,top=0')">Prichal</A> on December 22, 2021 and burned up next day during reentry over the Pacific Ocean. On December 24, 2021 an <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> reboost was performed using <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. It consists of three modules. A pressurized forward module carries the supplies for the crew such as scientific equipment, clothes, prepackaged and fresh food, and letters from home. The docking drogue is similar to that of the Soyuz. The fuel compartment with unpressurized propellant is the second part. The fuel is carried in two tanks. The propulsion module, at the rear of the spacecraft contains the orientation engines used for the automatic docking. It may be used to boost the orbit of the station once docked. A Progress has a length of 7.2 m, is 2.7 m in diameter and has a cargo capacity of around 2,400 kg.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Progress</A> MS-18 thrusters. This reboost was to set to set the ballistic conditions for the launch of <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-21.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-21</A> and the landing of <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-19.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-19</A>. The engines started at 01:18 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A> and fired 544 seconds. After the corrective maneuver, the average orbit of the <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> decreased by 1.800 meters. The actual parameters are 415.63 km x 433.15 km. The <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> needs 92.86 minutes for each orbit. On January 12, 2022 an <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> reboost was performed using <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. It consists of three modules. A pressurized forward module carries the supplies for the crew such as scientific equipment, clothes, prepackaged and fresh food, and letters from home. The docking drogue is similar to that of the Soyuz. The fuel compartment with unpressurized propellant is the second part. The fuel is carried in two tanks. The propulsion module, at the rear of the spacecraft contains the orientation engines used for the automatic docking. It may be used to boost the orbit of the station once docked. A Progress has a length of 7.2 m, is 2.7 m in diameter and has a cargo capacity of around 2,400 kg.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Progress</A> MS-18 thrusters. This reboost was to set to set the ballistic conditions for the launch of <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-21.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-21</A> and the landing of <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-19.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-19</A>. The engines started at 18:24 UTC and fired 395.4 seconds. After the corrective maneuver, the average orbit of the <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> increased by 1,200 meters. The actual parameters are 413.79 km x 437.37 km. The <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> needs 92.87 minutes for each orbit. Anton <A HREF="../../bios/cosmonauts/english/shkaplerov_anton.htm" TARGET="wall">Shkaplerov</A> and Pyotr <A HREF="../../bios/cosmonauts/english/dubrov_pyotr.htm" TARGET="wall">Dubrov</A> performed the first spacewalk in this year on January 19, 2022 (7h 11m). The main objective of the spacewalk was to integrate the <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/prichal_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1000,height=800,left=0,top=0')">Prichal</A> node module, which arrived on the <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> at the end of November 2021, into the Russian segment of the <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A>. The main tasks that had to be carried out by the Russian crew included the assembly of handrails between the <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Nauka</A> and <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/prichal_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1000,height=800,left=0,top=0')">Prichal</A> modules, the dismantling of covers and thermal insulation, and the connection of cables for the "Kurs-P" communication system between the <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/prichal_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1000,height=800,left=0,top=0')">Prichal</A> and <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Nauka</A> modules, the installation of the antennas AR-VKA / 2AR-VKA and 4AO-VKA, the connection of a TV cable between the modules <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/prichal_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1000,height=800,left=0,top=0')">Prichal</A> and <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Nauka</A>, the relocation of a TV camera, the installation of docking target points, the dropping of the cover of the 4AO-VKA -Antenna and two empty containers as well as the dismantling and dropping of the antennas 2ASF1-M-VKA No. 1, 2 and AO-753A. The "<A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/prichal_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1000,height=800,left=0,top=0')">Prichal</A>" node module is intended to increase the technical and operational capabilities of the Russian segment of the International Space Station. It is docked to the nadir unit of the <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Nauka</A> multipurpose laboratory module. The further development of the Russian segment of the <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> will be ensured by docking with the node module of transport systems, including promising ones. The node module comprises a body and a complex of on-board systems, including a control system for on-board equipment, radio equipment, a system for ensuring a thermal regime, means for providing a gas composition, means of transport and navigation, transit lines for refueling, an active hybrid docking system, a passive hybrid docking system, means of recoupling. The module uses a passive system to ensure thermal conditions on heat pipes through automatic electrical heaters paired with electronic switches. <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('National Aeronautics and Space Administration')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">NASA</A>'s <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX) is an American space transport services company. It was founded in 2002 by Elon Musk. It has developed the Falcon 1 and Falcon 9 launch vehicles, both of which were designed from conception to eventually become reusable, and the Dragon spacecraft which is flown into orbit by the Falcon 9 launch vehicle to supply the ISS with cargo. In 2006, NASA awarded the company a Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) contract.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">SpaceX</A> <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Dragon is a partially reusable spacecraft developed by SpaceX, an American private space transportation company. Dragon is launched into space by the SpaceX Falcon 9 two-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle. Dragon consists of a nose-cone cap that jettisons after launch, a conventional blunt-cone ballistic capsule, and an unpressurized cargo-carrier trunk equipped with two solar arrays. The Dragon capsule is re-usable, and can be flown on multiple missions. Dragon has a height of 6.1 meters (20 feet), is 3.7 meters (12.1 feet) in diameter and has a mass of 4,200 kg (9,300 lb). ')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Dragon</A> SpX-23 or CRS-23 cargo freighter, loaded with approximately 4,900 pounds (2,222 kg) of scientific experiments and other cargo from the International Space Station, departed on January 23, 2022, bound for a splashdown off the coast of Florida on January 23, 2022, completing the company's 23nd commercial resupply services mission for <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('National Aeronautics and Space Administration')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">NASA</A>. Ground controllers at <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Space Exploration Technologies Corporation (SpaceX) is an American space transport services company. It was founded in 2002 by Elon Musk. It has developed the Falcon 1 and Falcon 9 launch vehicles, both of which were designed from conception to eventually become reusable, and the Dragon spacecraft which is flown into orbit by the Falcon 9 launch vehicle to supply the ISS with cargo. In 2006, NASA awarded the company a Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS) contract.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">SpaceX</A> in Hawthorne, California, commanded <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Dragon is a partially reusable spacecraft developed by SpaceX, an American private space transportation company. Dragon is launched into space by the SpaceX Falcon 9 two-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle. Dragon consists of a nose-cone cap that jettisons after launch, a conventional blunt-cone ballistic capsule, and an unpressurized cargo-carrier trunk equipped with two solar arrays. The Dragon capsule is re-usable, and can be flown on multiple missions. Dragon has a height of 6.1 meters (20 feet), is 3.7 meters (12.1 feet) in diameter and has a mass of 4,200 kg (9,300 lb). ')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Dragon</A> to undock from the space-facing port on the station's <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/harmony_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Harmony</A> module at 15:40:23 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A>. The cargo craft physically separated from the station five minutes later before firing its thrusters to move a safe distance away prior to a deorbit burn that will begin its re-entry into Earth's atmosphere. <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Dragon is a partially reusable spacecraft developed by SpaceX, an American private space transportation company. Dragon is launched into space by the SpaceX Falcon 9 two-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle. Dragon consists of a nose-cone cap that jettisons after launch, a conventional blunt-cone ballistic capsule, and an unpressurized cargo-carrier trunk equipped with two solar arrays. The Dragon capsule is re-usable, and can be flown on multiple missions. Dragon has a height of 6.1 meters (20 feet), is 3.7 meters (12.1 feet) in diameter and has a mass of 4,200 kg (9,300 lb). ')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Dragon</A> made its parachute-assisted splashdown at 21:05 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A> on January 24, 2022. Splashing down off the coast of Florida enables quick transportation of the science aboard the capsule to <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('National Aeronautics and Space Administration')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">NASA</A>'s Space Station Processing Facility at the agency's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, and back into the hands of the researchers. This shorter transportation timeframe allows researchers to collect data with minimal sample exposure to gravity. Some of the scientific investigations <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Dragon is a partially reusable spacecraft developed by SpaceX, an American private space transportation company. Dragon is launched into space by the SpaceX Falcon 9 two-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle. Dragon consists of a nose-cone cap that jettisons after launch, a conventional blunt-cone ballistic capsule, and an unpressurized cargo-carrier trunk equipped with two solar arrays. The Dragon capsule is re-usable, and can be flown on multiple missions. Dragon has a height of 6.1 meters (20 feet), is 3.7 meters (12.1 feet) in diameter and has a mass of 4,200 kg (9,300 lb). ')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Dragon</A> returned to Earth include: Last light: A state-of-the-art light imaging microscope, the Light Microscopy Module (LMM) will return after about 12 years on the station. LMM, sponsored by <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('National Aeronautics and Space Administration')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">NASA</A>'s Division of Biological and Physical Sciences, made it possible to observe and record the way matter is organized and moves on the microscopic level, and supported ground-breaking colloid research, plant studies, and thermophysics experiments. Tiny structures, assemble: The InSPACE-4 physics study is returning samples that could provide insight into how to harness nanoparticles to fabricate and manufacture new materials, including medical diagnostics and thermal shields for Earth and space applications. Cell signaling in microgravity: The <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('European Space Agency')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ESA</A> (European Space Agency) investigation Cytoskeleton contributes to understanding of how the human body responds to microgravity. The study could support development of countermeasures to help astronaut crew members maintain optimum health on future space missions. On February 08, 2022 an <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> reboost was performed using <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. It consists of three modules. A pressurized forward module carries the supplies for the crew such as scientific equipment, clothes, prepackaged and fresh food, and letters from home. The docking drogue is similar to that of the Soyuz. The fuel compartment with unpressurized propellant is the second part. The fuel is carried in two tanks. The propulsion module, at the rear of the spacecraft contains the orientation engines used for the automatic docking. It may be used to boost the orbit of the station once docked. A Progress has a length of 7.2 m, is 2.7 m in diameter and has a cargo capacity of around 2,400 kg.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Progress</A> MS-18 thrusters. This reboost was to set to set the ballistic conditions for the launch of <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-21.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-21</A> and the landing of <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-19.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-19</A>. The engines started at 07:56 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A> and fired 142.3 seconds. After the corrective maneuver, the average orbit of the <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> increased by 450 meters. The actual parameters are 415.26 km x 439.21 km. The ISS needs 92.86 minutes for each orbit. The launch of the unpiloted Russian <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. It consists of three modules. A pressurized forward module carries the supplies for the crew such as scientific equipment, clothes, prepackaged and fresh food, and letters from home. The docking drogue is similar to that of the Soyuz. The fuel compartment with unpressurized propellant is the second part. The fuel is carried in two tanks. The propulsion module, at the rear of the spacecraft contains the orientation engines used for the automatic docking. It may be used to boost the orbit of the station once docked. A Progress has a length of 7.2 m, is 2.7 m in diameter and has a cargo capacity of around 2,400 kg.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Progress</A> MS-19 occurred on February 15, 2022 at 04:25:39.528 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A> from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. The freighter delivers almost three tons material. It transports space experimentation, medical inspection and hygiene and hygiene items, clothing, standard food rations and good food for the crew members of this expedition. The <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. It consists of three modules. A pressurized forward module carries the supplies for the crew such as scientific equipment, clothes, prepackaged and fresh food, and letters from home. The docking drogue is similar to that of the Soyuz. The fuel compartment with unpressurized propellant is the second part. The fuel is carried in two tanks. The propulsion module, at the rear of the spacecraft contains the orientation engines used for the automatic docking. It may be used to boost the orbit of the station once docked. A Progress has a length of 7.2 m, is 2.7 m in diameter and has a cargo capacity of around 2,400 kg.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Progress</A> MS-19 spacecraft docked to the Poisk module at the Russian segment on February 17, 2022 at 07:03:20 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A>. <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. It consists of three modules. A pressurized forward module carries the supplies for the crew such as scientific equipment, clothes, prepackaged and fresh food, and letters from home. The docking drogue is similar to that of the Soyuz. The fuel compartment with unpressurized propellant is the second part. The fuel is carried in two tanks. The propulsion module, at the rear of the spacecraft contains the orientation engines used for the automatic docking. It may be used to boost the orbit of the station once docked. A Progress has a length of 7.2 m, is 2.7 m in diameter and has a cargo capacity of around 2,400 kg.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Progress</A> MS-19 will remain docked at the station for several months before departing later in 2022 for its deorbit into Earth's atmosphere. <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Northrop Grumman Corporation is an American global aerospace and defense technology company. On June 06, 2018, Northrop acquired missile and rocket manufacturer Orbital ATK. The acquired company assets and naming were absorbed and become a division named Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems. Northrop Grumman now launches the unmanned freighters Cygnus to the ISS.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Northrop Grumman</A> launched its 17th resupply mission to the International Space Station on February 19, 2022 at 17:40:07.300 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A> from <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('National Aeronautics and Space Administration')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">NASA</A>'s Wallops Flight Facility on Wallops Island. Loaded with more than 8,200 pounds (3,720 kilograms) of research, crew supplies, and hardware, <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Northrop Grumman Corporation is an American global aerospace and defense technology company. On June 06, 2018, Northrop acquired missile and rocket manufacturer Orbital ATK. The acquired company assets and naming were absorbed and become a division named Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems. Northrop Grumman now launches the unmanned freighters Cygnus to the ISS.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Northrop Grumman</A>'s <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Cygnus spacecraft is an automated cargo spacecraft developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation. It is launched by Orbital Antares rocket. The Cygnus spacecraft consists of two basic components: the Pressurized Cargo Module (PCM) with 18-27 cubic meters and the Service Module (SM). Cygnus has a height of up to 4.86 meters and is 3.07 meters in diameter. The mass is up to 1,800 kilograms. Cygnus maneuvers close to the International Space Station, where the Canadarm2 robotic arm grapples the spacecraft and berths it to a Common Berthing Mechanism on the Harmony module.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Cygnus</A> NG-17 cargo spacecraft launched on the company's Antares rocket. The <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Cygnus spacecraft is an automated cargo spacecraft developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation. It is launched by Orbital Antares rocket. The Cygnus spacecraft consists of two basic components: the Pressurized Cargo Module (PCM) with 18-27 cubic meters and the Service Module (SM). Cygnus has a height of up to 4.86 meters and is 3.07 meters in diameter. The mass is up to 1,800 kilograms. Cygnus maneuvers close to the International Space Station, where the Canadarm2 robotic arm grapples the spacecraft and berths it to a Common Berthing Mechanism on the Harmony module.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Cygnus</A> spacecrafts dubbed the SS Piers <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/sellers_piers.htm" TARGET="wall">Sellers</A>. Highlights of space station research facilitated by this mission are: a study that examines the effects of a drug on breast and prostate cancer cells; a new combustion facility an investigation from Colgate-Palmolive that will leverage the acceleration of skin aging in microgravity to help create and validate an engineered tissue model to serve as a platform for testing potential products to protect aging skin a demonstration of a lithium-ion secondary battery capable of safe, stable operation under extreme temperatures and in a vacuum environment new hydrogen sensors that will be tested for the space station's oxygen generation system a system that will test hydroponic and aeroponic techniques for plant growth and will allow scientists to observe root growth through video and still images. The <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Cygnus spacecraft is an automated cargo spacecraft developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation. It is launched by Orbital Antares rocket. The Cygnus spacecraft consists of two basic components: the Pressurized Cargo Module (PCM) with 18-27 cubic meters and the Service Module (SM). Cygnus has a height of up to 4.86 meters and is 3.07 meters in diameter. The mass is up to 1,800 kilograms. Cygnus maneuvers close to the International Space Station, where the Canadarm2 robotic arm grapples the spacecraft and berths it to a Common Berthing Mechanism on the Harmony module.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Cygnus</A> spacecraft, dubbed the SS Piers <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/sellers_piers.htm" TARGET="wall">Sellers</A> in honor of the late American Space Shuttle astronaut, arrived at the space station on February 21, 2022. At 09:44 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A>, Raja <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/chari_raja.htm" TARGET="wall">Chari</A> captured <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Cygnus spacecraft is an automated cargo spacecraft developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation. It is launched by Orbital Antares rocket. The Cygnus spacecraft consists of two basic components: the Pressurized Cargo Module (PCM) with 18-27 cubic meters and the Service Module (SM). Cygnus has a height of up to 4.86 meters and is 3.07 meters in diameter. The mass is up to 1,800 kilograms. Cygnus maneuvers close to the International Space Station, where the Canadarm2 robotic arm grapples the spacecraft and berths it to a Common Berthing Mechanism on the Harmony module.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Cygnus</A> with the station's robotic arm, and Kayla <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/barron_kayla.htm" TARGET="wall">Barron</A> supported him. After <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Cygnus spacecraft is an automated cargo spacecraft developed by Orbital Sciences Corporation. It is launched by Orbital Antares rocket. The Cygnus spacecraft consists of two basic components: the Pressurized Cargo Module (PCM) with 18-27 cubic meters and the Service Module (SM). Cygnus has a height of up to 4.86 meters and is 3.07 meters in diameter. The mass is up to 1,800 kilograms. Cygnus maneuvers close to the International Space Station, where the Canadarm2 robotic arm grapples the spacecraft and berths it to a Common Berthing Mechanism on the Harmony module.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Cygnus</A> capture, mission control in Houston sent ground commands for the station's arm to rotate and install the cargo spacecraft on the Earth-facing port of the station's <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/unity_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Unity</A> module 12:02 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A>. On February 26, 2022 an <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> reboost was performed using <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. It consists of three modules. A pressurized forward module carries the supplies for the crew such as scientific equipment, clothes, prepackaged and fresh food, and letters from home. The docking drogue is similar to that of the Soyuz. The fuel compartment with unpressurized propellant is the second part. The fuel is carried in two tanks. The propulsion module, at the rear of the spacecraft contains the orientation engines used for the automatic docking. It may be used to boost the orbit of the station once docked. A Progress has a length of 7.2 m, is 2.7 m in diameter and has a cargo capacity of around 2,400 kg.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Progress</A> MS-18 thrusters. This reboost was to set to set the ballistic conditions for the launch of <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-21.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-21</A> and the landing of <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-19.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-19</A>. The engines started at 01:22 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A> and fired 541.4 seconds. On March 11, 2022 an <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> reboost was performed using <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Progress is a Russian expendable cargo spacecraft. Its purpose is to deliver supplies needed to sustain human presence in orbit. It consists of three modules. A pressurized forward module carries the supplies for the crew such as scientific equipment, clothes, prepackaged and fresh food, and letters from home. The docking drogue is similar to that of the Soyuz. The fuel compartment with unpressurized propellant is the second part. The fuel is carried in two tanks. The propulsion module, at the rear of the spacecraft contains the orientation engines used for the automatic docking. It may be used to boost the orbit of the station once docked. A Progress has a length of 7.2 m, is 2.7 m in diameter and has a cargo capacity of around 2,400 kg.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Progress</A> MS-18 thrusters. This reboost was to set to set the ballistic conditions for the launch of <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-21.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-21</A> and the landing of <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-19.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-19</A>. The engines started at 19:35 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A> and fired 320.07 seconds. After the corrective maneuver, the average orbit of the <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> increased by 850 meters. Kayla <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/barron_kayla.htm" TARGET="wall">Barron</A> and Raja <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/chari_raja.htm" TARGET="wall">Chari</A> performed a spacewalk on March 15, 2022 (6h 54m) to assemble and install modification kits required for upcoming solar array upgrades. The pair installed brackets and struts to support the future installation of an <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> Roll-Out Solar Array (<A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/irosa_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1000,height=800,left=0,top=0')">IROSA</A>). So far, two of six <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/irosa_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1000,height=800,left=0,top=0')">IROSA</A>s have been deployed on station with four additional arrays to be delivered. The arrays will ultimately augment six of the station's eight power channels, increasing the station's total available power from 160 kilowatts to up to 215 kilowatts. Following a three hour solo flight <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-21.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-21</A> docked on March 18, 2022 at 19:12:06 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A> with the <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/prichal_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1000,height=800,left=0,top=0')">Prichal</A> module of the International Space Station. Oleg <A HREF="../../bios/cosmonauts/english/artemyev_oleg.htm" TARGET="wall">Artemyev</A>, Denis <A HREF="../../bios/cosmonauts/english/matveyev_denis.htm" TARGET="wall">Matveyev</A> and Sergei <A HREF="../../bios/cosmonauts/english/korsakov_sergei.htm" TARGET="wall">Korsakov</A> became <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Russian Designation: Bortinzhener')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Flight Engineers</A> of the Expedition 66. For another spacewalk Raja <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/chari_raja.htm" TARGET="wall">Chari</A> and Matthias <A HREF="../../bios/international/english/maurer_matthias.htm" TARGET="wall">Maurer</A> left the space station on March 23, 2022 (6h 54m). The crew lost about an hour shortly after floating out of the airlock when Matthias <A HREF="../../bios/international/english/maurer_matthias.htm" TARGET="wall">Maurer</A>'s helmet camera assembly came loose. Raja <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/chari_raja.htm" TARGET="wall">Chari</A> ended up securing it with wire ties, but the lost time forced them to forego lower-priority tasks that had been planned toward the end of the excursion. The astronauts installed hoses on a Radiator Beam Valve Module that routes ammonia through the station's heat-rejecting radiators to keep systems at the proper temperature. The crew members also installed a power and data cable on the <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/columbus_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Columbus</A> module's Bartolomeo science platform, replaced an external camera on the station's truss, and conducted other upgrades to station hardware. When the six-hour 54-minute excursion ended, astronaut Kayla <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/barron_kayla.htm" TARGET="wall">Barron</A>, helping German astronaut Matthias <A HREF="../../bios/international/english/maurer_matthias.htm" TARGET="wall">Maurer</A> out of his spacesuit, reported water inside his helmet, bringing to mind a life-threatening malfunction during a 2013 spacewalk that flooded Italian astronaut Luca <A HREF="../../bios/international/english/parmitano_luca.htm" TARGET="wall">Parmitano</A>'s helmet. Once the helmet was off, the crew estimated up to 50 percent of the visor was coated with a thin film of water and that an absorption pad added to <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('National Aeronautics and Space Administration')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">NASA</A> helmets in the wake of the <A HREF="../../bios/international/english/parmitano_luca.htm" TARGET="wall">Parmitano</A> incident was damp. Finally, the station command changed from Russian cosmonaut Anton <A HREF="../../bios/cosmonauts/english/shkaplerov_anton.htm" TARGET="wall">Shkaplerov</A> to US astronaut Thomas <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/marshburn_thomas.htm" TARGET="wall">Marshburn</A>. <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> Expedition 66 concluded with the undocking of Russian spacecraft <A HREF="../../mission/english/soyuz-ms-19.htm" TARGET="wall">Soyuz MS-19</A> on March 30, 2022 at 07:21:03 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A>. The landing crew consisted of Anton <A HREF="../../bios/cosmonauts/english/shkaplerov_anton.htm" TARGET="wall">Shkaplerov</A>, Pyotr <A HREF="../../bios/cosmonauts/english/dubrov_pyotr.htm" TARGET="wall">Dubrov</A> and Mark <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/vande-hei_mark.htm" TARGET="wall">Vande Hei</A>. Three-and-a-half-hours later the crew landed safely in Kazakhstan. So, the new <A HREF="exp_67.htm" TARGET="wall">Expedition 67</A> consisted of <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> Commander Thomas <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/marshburn_thomas.htm" TARGET="wall">Marshburn</A>, Raja <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/chari_raja.htm" TARGET="wall">Chari</A>, Matthias <A HREF="../../bios/international/english/maurer_matthias.htm" TARGET="wall">Maurer</A>, Kayla <A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/barron_kayla.htm" TARGET="wall">Barron</A>, Oleg <A HREF="../../bios/cosmonauts/english/artemyev_oleg.htm" TARGET="wall">Artemyev</A>, Denis <A HREF="../../bios/cosmonauts/english/matveyev_denis.htm" TARGET="wall">Matveyev</A> and Sergei <A HREF="../../bios/cosmonauts/english/korsakov_sergei.htm" TARGET="wall">Korsakov</A>. Among the US experiments are: Fiber Optic Production-2: Fiber Optic Production-2 (FOP-2) builds on previous work to manufacture commercial optical fibers in microgravity using a blend of elements called ZBLAN. Earlier theoretical and experimental studies suggest that ZBLAN optical fibers produced in microgravity exhibit qualities superior to those of fibers produced on Earth. Results from FOP-2 could help further verify these studies and guide manufacture of high value optical fiber aboard the space station for commercial use. Advanced Hydrogen Sensor Technology Demonstration: The Advanced Hydrogen Sensor Technology Demonstration (OGA H2 Sensor Demo) tests new sensors for the International Space Station's Oxygen Generation Assembly (OGA). The OGA produces breathable oxygen via electrolysis and has sensors for detecting hydrogen to protect it from failures. These current sensors, which are used to ensure that no hydrogen enters the oxygen product stream into the cabin, have sensitivity to humidity and drift over time, however, which limits their operational life. New sensors will be tested downstream of the existing OGA system in order to determine their stability over time; if these sensors prove to be superior to the current ones they may be integrated into the Advanced OGA which is geared for exploration missions. Host Pathogen: The Host Pathogen investigation focuses on better understanding the relationship between increased microbial virulence and reductions in immune cell function during microgravity/spaceflight conditions. In spaceflight analogue conditions, bacteria and immune cells from healthy, ground-based test subjects are cultured to observe immune cell response, while for spaceflight, ten crew members provide blood and saliva samples to assess their primary immune cells for alterations in host response. The results from this study are expected to aid in development of health countermeasures and improve the infectious disease risk assessment for astronauts. <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('European Space Agency')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ESA</A> Biofilms-II: The goal of the Biofilm Inhibition On Flight Equipment and On Board the <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> Using Microbiologically Lethal Metal Surfaces (<A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('European Space Agency')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ESA</A>-Biofilms) investigation is to compare how biofilms are formed in low gravity, in a liquid environment on inhibiting and non-inhibiting metal surfaces, for the purposes of spacecraft sanitation and crew health. Various species of bacteria exposed to microgravity, simulated Martian gravity and Earth gravity are tested not only on different metallic surfaces (copper, stainless steel and brass), but also on an array of different laser-etched surface treatments to ascertain whether or not topological differences influence biofilm formation in space. </DIV></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <H3>EVA data</H3> <TABLE BGCOLOR="#80FF80" BORDER="4" CELLSPACING="0"> <TR> <TD BGCOLOR="#33CC33" HEIGHT="29"> </TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" BGCOLOR="#33CC33" HEIGHT="29">Name</TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" BGCOLOR="#33CC33" HEIGHT="29">Start</TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" BGCOLOR="#33CC33" HEIGHT="29">End</TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" BGCOLOR="#33CC33" HEIGHT="29">Duration</TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" BGCOLOR="#33CC33" HEIGHT="29">Mission</TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" BGCOLOR="#33CC33" HEIGHT="29">Airlock</TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" BGCOLOR="#33CC33" HEIGHT="29">Suit</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Extra Vehicular Activity')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">EVA</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29"><A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/marshburn_thomas.htm" TARGET="wall">Marshburn</A>, Thomas</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29">02.12.2021, 11:15 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP">02.12.2021, 17:47 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP">6h 32m</TD> <TD>ISS-66</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> - <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/quest_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Quest</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) is an independent anthropomorphic spacesuit that provides environmental protection, mobility, life support, and communications for astronauts performing extravehicular activity (EVA). The primary life support time for the newest models is up to 8 hours (plus 30 minutes reserve). It consists of a Hard Upper Torso (HUT) assembly, a Primary Life Support System (PLSS) which incorporates the life support and electrical systems, arm sections, gloves, a helmet, the Extravehicular Visor Assembly (EVVA), and a soft Lower Torso Assembly (LTA), incorporating the Body Seal Closure (BSC), waist bearing, brief, legs, and boots.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">EMU</A> No. 3015</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Extra Vehicular Activity')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">EVA</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29"><A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/barron_kayla.htm" TARGET="wall">Barron</A>, Kayla</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29">02.12.2021, 11:15 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP">02.12.2021, 17:47 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP">6h 32m</TD> <TD>ISS-66</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> - <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/quest_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Quest</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) is an independent anthropomorphic spacesuit that provides environmental protection, mobility, life support, and communications for astronauts performing extravehicular activity (EVA). The primary life support time for the newest models is up to 8 hours (plus 30 minutes reserve). It consists of a Hard Upper Torso (HUT) assembly, a Primary Life Support System (PLSS) which incorporates the life support and electrical systems, arm sections, gloves, a helmet, the Extravehicular Visor Assembly (EVVA), and a soft Lower Torso Assembly (LTA), incorporating the Body Seal Closure (BSC), waist bearing, brief, legs, and boots.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">EMU</A> No. 3004</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29" COLSPAN="8" BGCOLOR="#33CC33"> </TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Extra Vehicular Activity')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">EVA</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29"><A HREF="../../bios/cosmonauts/english/shkaplerov_anton.htm" TARGET="wall">Shkaplerov</A>, Anton</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29">19.01.2022, 12:17 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP">19.01.2022, 19:28 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP">7h 11m</TD> <TD>ISS-66</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> - <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/poisk_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Poisk</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Orlan space suit is used for spacewalks (EVAs) in the Russian space program. It was produced in several variants: Orlan-D, Orlan-DM, Orlan-DMA, Orlan-M, Orlan-MK and Orlan-MKS. The primary life support of Orlan-D was 5 hours. Since Orlan-DM they can be used up to 9 hours. The Orlan space suit is semi-rigid, with a solid torso and flexible arms. It includes a rear hatch entry through the backpack that allows it to be donned relatively quickly (approximately five minutes).')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Orlan</A>-MKS No. 5</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Extra Vehicular Activity')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">EVA</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29"><A HREF="../../bios/cosmonauts/english/dubrov_pyotr.htm" TARGET="wall">Dubrov</A>, Pyotr</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29">19.01.2022, 12:17 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP">19.01.2022, 19:28 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP">7h 11m</TD> <TD>ISS-66</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> - <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/poisk_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Poisk</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Orlan space suit is used for spacewalks (EVAs) in the Russian space program. It was produced in several variants: Orlan-D, Orlan-DM, Orlan-DMA, Orlan-M, Orlan-MK and Orlan-MKS. The primary life support of Orlan-D was 5 hours. Since Orlan-DM they can be used up to 9 hours. The Orlan space suit is semi-rigid, with a solid torso and flexible arms. It includes a rear hatch entry through the backpack that allows it to be donned relatively quickly (approximately five minutes).')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">Orlan</A>-MKS No. 4</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29" COLSPAN="8" BGCOLOR="#33CC33"> </TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Extra Vehicular Activity')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">EVA</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29"><A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/barron_kayla.htm" TARGET="wall">Barron</A>, Kayla</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29">15.03.2022, 12:12 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP">15.03.2022, 19:06 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP">6h 54m</TD> <TD>ISS-66</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> - <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/quest_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Quest</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) is an independent anthropomorphic spacesuit that provides environmental protection, mobility, life support, and communications for astronauts performing extravehicular activity (EVA). The primary life support time for the newest models is up to 8 hours (plus 30 minutes reserve). It consists of a Hard Upper Torso (HUT) assembly, a Primary Life Support System (PLSS) which incorporates the life support and electrical systems, arm sections, gloves, a helmet, the Extravehicular Visor Assembly (EVVA), and a soft Lower Torso Assembly (LTA), incorporating the Body Seal Closure (BSC), waist bearing, brief, legs, and boots.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">EMU</A> No. 3004</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Extra Vehicular Activity')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">EVA</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29"><A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/chari_raja.htm" TARGET="wall">Chari</A>, Raja</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29">15.03.2022, 12:12 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP">15.03.2022, 19:06 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP">6h 54m</TD> <TD>ISS-66</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> - <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/quest_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Quest</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) is an independent anthropomorphic spacesuit that provides environmental protection, mobility, life support, and communications for astronauts performing extravehicular activity (EVA). The primary life support time for the newest models is up to 8 hours (plus 30 minutes reserve). It consists of a Hard Upper Torso (HUT) assembly, a Primary Life Support System (PLSS) which incorporates the life support and electrical systems, arm sections, gloves, a helmet, the Extravehicular Visor Assembly (EVVA), and a soft Lower Torso Assembly (LTA), incorporating the Body Seal Closure (BSC), waist bearing, brief, legs, and boots.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">EMU</A> No. 3015</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29" COLSPAN="8" BGCOLOR="#33CC33"> </TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Extra Vehicular Activity')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">EVA</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29"><A HREF="../../bios/astronauts/english/chari_raja.htm" TARGET="wall">Chari</A>, Raja</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29">23.03.2022, 12:32 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP">23.03.2022, 19:26 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP">6h 54m</TD> <TD>ISS-66</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> - <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/quest_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Quest</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) is an independent anthropomorphic spacesuit that provides environmental protection, mobility, life support, and communications for astronauts performing extravehicular activity (EVA). The primary life support time for the newest models is up to 8 hours (plus 30 minutes reserve). It consists of a Hard Upper Torso (HUT) assembly, a Primary Life Support System (PLSS) which incorporates the life support and electrical systems, arm sections, gloves, a helmet, the Extravehicular Visor Assembly (EVVA), and a soft Lower Torso Assembly (LTA), incorporating the Body Seal Closure (BSC), waist bearing, brief, legs, and boots.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">EMU</A> No. 3004</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Extra Vehicular Activity')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">EVA</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29"><A HREF="../../bios/international/english/maurer_matthias.htm" TARGET="wall">Maurer</A>, Matthias</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29">23.03.2022, 12:32 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP">23.03.2022, 19:26 <A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('Coordinated Universal Time = GMT = Greenwich Mean Time')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">UTC</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP">6h 54m</TD> <TD>ISS-66</TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station, or a habitable artificial satellite, in low Earth orbit. It is a modular structure whose first component was launched in 1998. The ISS consists of pressurized modules, external trusses, solar arrays and other components. The ISS program is a joint project among five participating space agencies: NASA, Roscosmos, JAXA, ESA, and CSA. The ISS maintains an orbit with an altitude of between 330 km (205 mi) and 435 km (270 mi). The ISS has a length of 72.8 m (239 ft) and his height is 20 m (66 ft). The orbital inclination is 51,6 degrees.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">ISS</A> - <A HREF="../../graph/iss/english/quest_nauka.htm" TARGET="popup" ONCLICK="window.open('','popup','toolbar=no,scrollbars=yes,resizable=yes,width=1100,height=1200,left=0,top=0')">Quest</A></TD> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP"><A ONMOUSEOVER="Tip('The Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) is an independent anthropomorphic spacesuit that provides environmental protection, mobility, life support, and communications for astronauts performing extravehicular activity (EVA). The primary life support time for the newest models is up to 8 hours (plus 30 minutes reserve). It consists of a Hard Upper Torso (HUT) assembly, a Primary Life Support System (PLSS) which incorporates the life support and electrical systems, arm sections, gloves, a helmet, the Extravehicular Visor Assembly (EVVA), and a soft Lower Torso Assembly (LTA), incorporating the Body Seal Closure (BSC), waist bearing, brief, legs, and boots.')" ONMOUSEOUT="UnTip()">EMU</A> No. 3015</TD> </TR> <TR ONMOUSEOVER="this.bgColor='#FFFF80'" ONMOUSEOUT="this.bgColor='#80FF80'"> <TD NOWRAP="NOWRAP" HEIGHT="29" COLSPAN="8" BGCOLOR="#33CC33"> </TD> </TR> </TABLE> <H3>Photos</H3> <TABLE> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/photo/large/english/iss-66_aurora.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/photo/photos/iss-66_aurora.jpg" ALT="Aurora" WIDTH="332" HEIGHT="221" BORDER="0" TITLE="Aurora"></A></TD> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/photo/large/english/iss-66_spacesuit.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/photo/photos/iss-66_spacesuit.jpg" ALT="SpaceX Crew-2 with spacesuits" WIDTH="332" HEIGHT="221" BORDER="0" TITLE="SpaceX Crew-2 with spacesuits"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/iss-65/large_life/english/iss-66_crew.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/iss-65/life/iss-66_crew.jpg" ALT="Expedition 66" WIDTH="332" HEIGHT="221" BORDER="0" TITLE="Expedition 66"></A></TD> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/photo/large/english/iss-66_crew-2_1.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/photo/photos/iss-66_crew-2_1.jpg" ALT="SpaceX Crew-2 flyaround" WIDTH="332" HEIGHT="221" BORDER="0" TITLE="SpaceX Crew-2 flyaround"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/photo/large/english/iss-66_crew-2_2.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/photo/photos/iss-66_crew-2_2.jpg" ALT="SpaceX Crew-2 flyaround" WIDTH="332" HEIGHT="221" TITLE="SpaceX Crew-2 flyaround" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/photo/large/english/iss-66_crew-2_3.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/photo/photos/iss-66_crew-2_3.jpg" ALT="SpaceX Crew-2 flyaround" WIDTH="332" HEIGHT="221" BORDER="0" TITLE="SpaceX Crew-2 flyaround"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/photo/large/english/iss-66_crew-2_4.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/photo/photos/iss-66_crew-2_4.jpg" ALT="SpaceX Crew-2 flyaround" WIDTH="332" HEIGHT="221" BORDER="0" TITLE="SpaceX Crew-2 flyaround"></A></TD> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/photo/large/english/iss-66_crew-2_5.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/photo/photos/iss-66_crew-2_5.jpg" ALT="SpaceX Crew-2 flyaround" WIDTH="332" HEIGHT="221" TITLE="SpaceX Crew-2 flyaround" BORDER="0"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/iss-65/large_life/english/iss-66_barron.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/iss-65/life/iss-66_barron.jpg" ALT="Kayla Barron reopens the Columbus hatch" WIDTH="208" HEIGHT="351" BORDER="0" TITLE="Kayla Barron reopens the Columbus hatch"></A></TD> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/iss-65/large_life/english/iss-66_maurer.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/iss-65/life/iss-66_maurer.jpg" ALT="Matthias Maurer onboard ISS" WIDTH="332" HEIGHT="221" BORDER="0" TITLE="Matthias Maurer onboard ISS"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/iss-65/large_life/english/iss-66_chari.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/iss-65/life/iss-66_chari.jpg" ALT="Raja Chari onboard ISS" WIDTH="331" HEIGHT="221" BORDER="0" TITLE="Raja Chari onboard ISS"></A></TD> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/photo/large/english/iss-66_dextre.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/photo/photos/iss-66_dextre.jpg" ALT="Canadarm2 with Dextre" WIDTH="361" HEIGHT="203" BORDER="0" TITLE="Canadarm2 with Dextre"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/photo/large/english/prichal_progress.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/photo/photos/prichal_progress.jpg" ALT="Progress M-UM with Prichal" WIDTH="348" HEIGHT="211" BORDER="0" TITLE="Progress M-UM with Prichal"></A></TD> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/photo/large/english/prichal.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/photo/photos/prichal.jpg" ALT="Prichal" WIDTH="370" HEIGHT="198" TITLE="Prichal" BORDER="0"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/photo/large/english/iss-66_prichal_arrival.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/photo/photos/iss-66_prichal_arrival.jpg" ALT="Prichal arrival" WIDTH="331" HEIGHT="221" BORDER="0" TITLE="Prichal arrival"></A></TD> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/photo/large/english/iss-66_ham.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/photo/photos/iss-66_ham.jpg" ALT="Matthias Maurer at HAM radio" WIDTH="332" HEIGHT="221" BORDER="0" TITLE="Matthias Maurer at HAM radio"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/photo/large/english/iss-66_iss.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/photo/photos/iss-66_iss.jpg" ALT="ISS" WIDTH="234" HEIGHT="312" TITLE="ISS" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/iss-65/large_eva/english/iss-66_shkaplerov-dubrov.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/iss-65/eva/iss-66_shkaplerov-dubrov.jpg" ALT="EVA Anton Shkaplerov and Pyotr Dubrov on January 19, 2022" WIDTH="331" HEIGHT="221" BORDER="0" TITLE="EVA Anton Shkaplerov and Pyotr Dubrov on January 19, 2022"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/iss-65/large_eva/english/iss-66_shkaplerov-dubrov_2.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/iss-65/eva/iss-66_shkaplerov-dubrov_2.jpg" ALT="EVA Anton Shkaplerov and Pyotr Dubrov on January 19, 2022" WIDTH="332" HEIGHT="221" BORDER="0" TITLE="EVA Anton Shkaplerov and Pyotr Dubrov on January 19, 2022"></A></TD> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/photo/large/english/iss-66_ng-17_grapple.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/photo/photos/iss-66_ng-17_grapple.jpg" ALT="Cygnus NG-17 grapple" WIDTH="361" HEIGHT="203" BORDER="0" TITLE="Cygnus NG-17 grapple"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/iss-65/large_eva/english/iss-66_barron.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/iss-65/eva/iss-66_barron.jpg" ALT="EVA Kayla Barron on March 15, 2022" WIDTH="332" HEIGHT="221" BORDER="0" TITLE="EVA Kayla Barron on March 15, 2022"></A></TD> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/photo/large/english/iss-66_10.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/photo/photos/iss-66_10.jpg" ALT="With the arrival of Soyuz MS-21 the Expedtion 66 became a 10-person-crew" WIDTH="317" HEIGHT="230" BORDER="0" TITLE="With the arrival of Soyuz MS-21 the Expedtion 66 became a 10-person-crew"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/photo/large/english/iss-66_kibo.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/photo/photos/iss-66_kibo.jpg" ALT="Japanese module Kibo" WIDTH="332" HEIGHT="221" BORDER="0" TITLE="Japanese module Kibo"></A></TD> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/iss-65/large_eva/english/iss-66_maurer_1.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/iss-65/eva/iss-66_maurer_1.jpg" ALT="EVA Matthias Maurer on March 23, 2022" WIDTH="332" HEIGHT="221" TITLE="EVA Matthias Maurer on March 23, 2022" BORDER="0"></A></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD><A HREF="../../graph/photo/large/english/iss-66_nebra.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../graph/photo/photos/iss-66_nebra.jpg" ALT="Nebra Sky Disc" WIDTH="332" HEIGHT="221" BORDER="0" TITLE="Nebra Sky Disc"></A></TD> <TD></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD COLSPAN="2"> <H3><A HREF="../../graph/iss-65/large_earth/english/iss-66_all.htm" TARGET="wall">more Earth observation photos</A></H3> </TD> </TR> <TR> <TD COLSPAN="2"> <H3><A HREF="../../graph/iss-65/large_life/english/iss-66_all.htm" TARGET="wall">more onboard photos</A></H3></TD> </TR> <TR> <TD COLSPAN="2"> <H3><A HREF="../../graph/iss-65/large_eva/english/iss-66_all.htm" TARGET="wall">more EVA photos</A></H3></TD> </TR> </TABLE> <HR> <TABLE WIDTH="97%"> <TR> <TD WIDTH="32">©</TD> <TD VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="mailto:mail@spacefacts.de"><IMG SRC="../../graph/logo_small_2.gif" WIDTH="174" HEIGHT="124" BORDER="0" NAME="image2" ONMOUSEOVER="on('image2');" ONMOUSEOUT="off('image2')"></A></TD> <TD ALIGN="LEFT" VALIGN="TOP"></TD> <TD ALIGN="CENTER" NOWRAP="NOWRAP" VALIGN="TOP">      Last update on May 23, 2024.<A HREF="http://www.spacefacts.de" TARGET="new window"><IMG SRC="../../graph/home.gif" TITLE="Back to homepage SPACEFACTS" WIDTH="203" HEIGHT="61" ONMOUSEOVER="on('image1');" ONMOUSEOUT="off('image1')" NAME="image1" BORDER="0"></A></TD> <TD ALIGN="RIGHT" NOWRAP="NOWRAP" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="../../english/sf_patch.htm" TARGET="wall"><IMG SRC="../../schedule/patches/sf_patch.png" ALT="SPACEFACTS patch" WIDTH="155" 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