Thread Network SDK for Android | Google Home Developers

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role="navigation"> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <a href="https://developers.home.google.com/" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="1" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="1" track-metadata-eventdetail="Google Home Developers" > Google Home Developers </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://developers.home.google.com/thread" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="2" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="2" track-metadata-eventdetail="Thread" > Thread </a> </li> </ul> </div> <h1 class="devsite-page-title" tabindex="-1"> Thread Network SDK for Android </h1> <devsite-feature-tooltip ack-key="AckCollectionsBookmarkTooltipDismiss" analytics-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" analytics-action-show="Callout Profile displayed" analytics-action-close="Callout Profile dismissed" analytics-label="Create Collection Callout" class="devsite-page-bookmark-tooltip nocontent" dismiss-button="true" id="devsite-collections-dropdown" dismiss-button-text="Dismiss" close-button-text="Got it"> <devsite-bookmark></devsite-bookmark> Stay organized with collections Save and categorize content based on your preferences. </devsite-feature-tooltip> <div class="devsite-page-title-meta"><devsite-view-release-notes></devsite-view-release-notes></div> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" depth="2" devsite-toc-embedded > </devsite-toc> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix "> The Thread Network SDK provides functionality that's similar to a digital keychain, allowing your Android apps to share Thread network credentials with Google Play services. This allows your apps to set up any Thread device from any smart home ecosystem, without exposing credentials and user data directly. With just a few API calls, you can: <ol> <li>Request preferred Thread network credentials from Google Play services.</li> <li>Set up new border routers and add your Thread network credentials to Google Play services.</li> <li>If you already have in-field border routers, you can check if your border routers are in the preferred network and migrate them, if necessary.</li> </ol> There are several user and developer journeys to consider. We'll cover most of them in this guide, along with other key features and recommended usage. <aside class="note">Note: Starting from version <code translate="no" dir="ltr">16.0.0</code>, the Thread Network SDK supports Android 8.0+ (API level 26+). But for Android 8.0, mobile phones won't be able to connect to Thread end devices because <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4191#section-2.3">Route Information Option</a> (RIO) is only supported on Android 8.1+.</aside> <h2 id="key_terminology_and_api_concepts" data-text="Key terminology and API concepts" tabindex="-1">Key terminology and API concepts</h2> Before you get started, it's helpful to understand the following terms: <ul> <li>Thread Network Credentials: Binary blob of Thread TLVs that encodes Thread Network Name, Network Key and other properties that are required by a Thread device to join a given Thread network.</li> <li>Preferred Thread Network Credentials: The auto-selected Thread network credentials that can be shared with apps of different vendors using the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">getPreferredCredentials</code> API.</li> <li>Border Agent ID: A 16-byte globally unique ID for a Thread Border Router device. This ID is created and managed by border router vendors.</li> <li>Thread Border Router Setup app: This is your Android app that sets up new Thread Border Router devices and adds the Thread network credentials to Google Play services. Your app is the authoritative owner of the added credentials and has access to them.</li> </ul> Many of the Thread Network APIs return a <a href="/android/reference/com/google/android/gms/tasks/Task">Task</a> that completes asynchronously. You can use <a href="/android/reference/com/google/android/gms/tasks/Task#public-abstract-tasktresult-addonsuccesslistener-onsuccesslistener-super-tresult-listener">addOnSuccessListener</a> and <a href="/android/reference/com/google/android/gms/tasks/Task#public-abstract-tasktresult-addonfailurelistener-onfailurelistener-listener">addOnFailureListener</a> to register callbacks for receiving the result. To learn more, refer to the <a href="/android/reference/com/google/android/gms/tasks/Task">Task</a> documentation. <h2 id="credentials_ownership_and_maintenance" data-text="Credentials ownership and maintenance" tabindex="-1">Credentials ownership and maintenance</h2> The app that adds the Thread network credentials becomes the owner of the credentials, and has full permissions to access to the credentials. If you try to access credentials added by other apps, you'll receive a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">PERMISSION_DENIED</code> error. As the app owner, it's recommended that you keep credentials stored in Google Play services up-to-date when the Thread Border Router network is updated. This means adding credentials when required, updating credentials when the border router's Thread network credentials change, and removing credentials when the Thread Border Router is removed or factory reset. <h2 id="border_agent_discovery" data-text="Border Agent discovery" tabindex="-1">Border Agent discovery</h2> Credentials must be saved with a Border Agent ID. You'll need to make sure that your Thread Border Router Setup app is able to determine the Border Agent IDs of your Thread border routers. Thread Border Routers must use mDNS to advertise Thread network information, including the Network Name, Extended Pan ID, and Border Agent ID. The corresponding <code translate="no" dir="ltr">txt</code> values for these attributes are <code translate="no" dir="ltr">nn</code>, <code translate="no" dir="ltr">xp</code>, and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">id</code>, respectively. <aside class="note">Note: It's important for the Border Router device to include a 16-byte <code translate="no" dir="ltr">id</code> TXT value in its MeshCoP mDNS service for Google Play services to discover and identify the Thread network. For products using the open source <a href="https://github.com/openthread/ot-br-posix">ot-br-posix</a>, make sure that the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">OTBR_PUBLISH_MESHCOP_BA_ID</code> feature is enabled.</aside> For networks with Google border routers, Google Play services automatically gets Google Thread network credentials for use. <h2 id="integrate_the_sdk_into_your_android_app" data-text="Integrate the SDK into your Android app" tabindex="-1">Integrate the SDK into your Android app</h2> To get started, complete the following steps: <ol> <li>Follow the instructions provided at <a href="/android/guides/setup">Set up Google Play services</a>.</li> <li>Add the Google Play services dependency to your <code translate="no" dir="ltr">build.gradle</code> file: <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Kotlin"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">implementation 'com.google.android.gms:play-services-threadnetwork:16.2.1' </code></pre></devsite-code></li> <li>Optional: Define a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">BorderAgent</code> data class to store border router information. We'll use this data throughout this guide: <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Kotlin"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">data class BorderAgentInfo( // Network Name max 16 len val networkName: String = "", val extPanId: ByteArray = ByteArray(16), val borderAgentId: ByteArray = ByteArray(16), ... ) </code></pre></devsite-code></li> </ol> Next, we'll go over the recommended steps to add and manage preferred credentials. <h2 id="new_border_router_setups" data-text="New border router setups" tabindex="-1">New border router setups</h2> Before you create a new network for new border routers, it's important that you try using the preferred network credentials first. This ensures that Thread devices are connected to a single Thread network when possible. A call to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">getPreferredCredentials</code> launches an Activity, prompting users to allow the network request. If network credentials have been stored in the Thread SDK digital keychain, the credentials are returned to your app. <h3 id="request_credentials" data-text="Request credentials" tabindex="-1">Request credentials</h3> To prompt the user for preferred credentials: <ol> <li>Declare an <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ActivityLauncher</code>: <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Kotlin"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">private lateinit var preferredCredentialsLauncher: ActivityResultLauncher<IntentSenderRequest> </code></pre></devsite-code></li> <li>Handle the Activity result, returned as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ThreadNetworkCredentials</code>: <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Kotlin"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">preferredCredentialsLauncher = registerForActivityResult( StartIntentSenderForResult() ) { result: ActivityResult -> if (result.resultCode == RESULT_OK) { val threadNetworkCredentials = ThreadNetworkCredentials.fromIntentSenderResultData(result.data!!) Log.d("debug", threadNetworkCredentials.networkName) } else { Log.d("debug", "User denied request.") } } </code></pre></devsite-code></li> <li>If you're setting up a new Thread Border Router, it's advised that you call <code translate="no" dir="ltr">preferredCredentials</code> and launch the Activity. This call will ensure that your new Thread Border Router will use the same credentials already stored as preferred in the phone, promoting the convergence of different TBRs to the same network. <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Kotlin"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">private fun getPreferredThreadNetworkCredentials() { ThreadNetwork.getClient(this) .preferredCredentials .addOnSuccessListener { intentSenderResult -> intentSenderResult.intentSender?.let { preferredCredentialsLauncher.launch(IntentSenderRequest.Builder(it).build()) } ?: Log.d("debug", "No preferred credentials found.") } .addOnFailureListener { e: Exception -> Log.d(TAG, "ERROR: [${e}]") } } </code></pre></devsite-code></li> <li>If your use case relates to setting up non-TBR devices, such as a new Matter-over-Thread end device, it's advised that you use the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">allActiveCredentials</code> api to fetch credentials. This call will scan for TBRs found in the local network and thus won't return credentials that are not available by an existing TBR locally. <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Kotlin"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">// Creates the IntentSender result launcher for the getAllActiveCredentials API private val getAllActiveCredentialsLauncher = registerForActivityResult( StartIntentSenderForResult() ) { result: ActivityResult -> if (result.resultCode == RESULT_OK) { val activeCredentials: List<ThreadNetworkCredentials> = ThreadNetworkCredentials.parseListFromIntentSenderResultData( result.data!! ) // Use the activeCredentials list } else { // The user denied to share! } } // Invokes the getAllActiveCredentials API and starts the dialog activity with the returned // IntentSender threadNetworkClient .getAllActiveCredentials() .addOnSuccessListener { intentSenderResult: IntentSenderResult -> val intentSender = intentSenderResult.intentSender if (intentSender != null) { getAllActiveCredentialsLauncher.launch( IntentSenderRequest.Builder(intentSender).build() ) } else { // No active network credentials found! } } // Handles the failure .addOnFailureListener { e: Exception -> // Handle the exception } </code></pre></devsite-code></li> </ol> <h3 id="create_a_new_thread_network" data-text="Create a new Thread network" tabindex="-1">Create a new Thread network</h3> If there are neither preferred Thread network credentials nor active thread credentials available in a user's Thread network, then you can use the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">addCredentials</code> API to add credentials to Google Play Services. To do this, you'll need to create a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ThreadBorderAgent</code>, and also supply a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ThreadNetworkCredentials</code> object. To create a random network, call the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">newRandomizeBuilder</code>: <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Kotlin"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">val threadCredentials = ThreadNetworkCredentials.newRandomizedBuilder().build() </code></pre></devsite-code> To specify the Thread network Name: <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Kotlin"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">val threadCredentials = ThreadNetworkCredentials.newRandomizedBuilder() .setNetworkName("ThreadNetworkSDK") .build() </code></pre></devsite-code> <h3 id="add_credentials" data-text="Add credentials" tabindex="-1">Add credentials</h3> To make your Thread network credentials available for other Thread vendors, we need to add them to Google Play services. Before we can add our new credentials, we also need to know to which border router device this Thread network belongs to. In this example, we'll create a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ThreadBorderAgent</code> from a Border Agent ID, and pass the new Thread network credentials that you just created: <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Kotlin"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">private fun addCredentials(borderAgentInfo: BorderAgentInfo, credentialsToBeAdded: ThreadNetworkCredentials) { val threadBorderAgent = ThreadBorderAgent.newBuilder(borderAgentInfo.borderAgentId).build() Log.d("debug", "border router id:" + threadBorderAgent.id) ThreadNetwork.getClient(this) .addCredentials(threadBorderAgent, credentialsToBeAdded) .addOnSuccessListener { Log.d("debug", "Credentials added.") } .addOnFailureListener { e: Exception -> Log.d(TAG, "ERROR: [${e}]") } } </code></pre></devsite-code><aside class="note">Note: The Border Agent ID MUST be the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">id</code> TXT value of the Border Router mDNS MeshCoP service.</aside><aside class="note">Note: You should use <code translate="no" dir="ltr">addCredentials</code> to update the preferred credentials when a border router's Thread network credentials change. Existing Thread network credentials that are associated with the same border router will be overwritten.</aside> <h2 id="detect_and_migrate_in-field_border_routers" data-text="Detect and migrate in-field border routers" tabindex="-1">Detect and migrate in-field border routers</h2> If you currently have in-field border routers, you can use <code translate="no" dir="ltr">isPreferredCredentials</code> to determine if your border routers belong to the preferred network. This API does not prompt the user for permission, and checks border router credentials against what's stored in Google Play services. <code translate="no" dir="ltr">isPreferredCredentails</code> returns <code translate="no" dir="ltr">0</code> for not matched, and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">1</code> for matched, as an <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Int</code> datatype. You can use <code translate="no" dir="ltr">IsPreferredCredentialsResult</code> to check your results. <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Transact-SQL"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">public @interface IsPreferredCredentialsResult { int PREFERRED_CREDENTIALS_NOT_FOUND = -1; int PREFERRED_CREDENTIALS_NOT_MATCHED = 0; int PREFERRED_CREDENTIALS_MATCHED = 1; } </code></pre></devsite-code> To use <code translate="no" dir="ltr">isPreferredCredentials</code>, you'll need to create a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ThreadNetworkCredentials</code> object first. There are several ways to instantiate <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ThreadNetworkCredentials</code>. In the next steps, we'll go over these options. <h3 id="thread_network_credentials_by_operational_dataset" data-text="Thread network credentials by Operational Dataset" tabindex="-1">Thread network credentials by Operational Dataset</h3> There are cases that your Thread Border Router is already set up with a Thread network, and you want to add this Thread network to Google Play services to share it with other vendors. You can create a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ThreadNetworkCredential</code> instance from a raw Thread Active Operational Dataset TLV list: <ol> <li>Convert the Operational Dataset to a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ByteArray</code>. For example: <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Text only"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">val activeDataset = "0e080000000000010000000300000f35060004001fffe0020833333333...".dsToByteArray() </code></pre></devsite-code><div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Text only"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">fun String.dsToByteArray(): ByteArray { return chunked(2).map { it.toInt(16).toByte() }.toByteArray() } </code></pre></devsite-code></li> <li>Use <code translate="no" dir="ltr">fromActiveOperationalDataset</code> to create the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ThreadNetworkCredentials</code>. When successful, you'll be able to get the Thread network Name, Channel, and other network information. For a complete list of properties, refer to <a href="/reference/com/google/android/gms/threadnetwork/ThreadNetworkCredentials">ThreadNetworkCredentials</a>. <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Text only"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">val threadNetworkCredentials = ThreadNetworkCredentials.fromActiveOperationalDataset(activeDataset) Log.d( "threadNetworkCredentials", threadNetworkCredentials.channel.toString() + " - " + threadNetworkCredentials.networkName) </code></pre></devsite-code></li> <li>Call the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">isPreferredCredentials</code> API and pass the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ThreadNetworkCredentials</code>. <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Genshi"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">ThreadNetwork.getClient(this) .isPreferredCredentials(threadNetworkCredentials) .addOnSuccessListener { result -> when (result) { IsPreferredCredentialsResult.PREFERRED_CREDENTIALS_NOT_MATCHED -> Log.d("isPreferredCredentials", "Credentials not matched.") IsPreferredCredentialsResult.PREFERRED_CREDENTIALS_MATCHED -> Log.d("isPreferredCredentials", "Credentials matched.") } } .addOnFailureListener { e: Exception -> Log.d("isPreferredCredentials", "ERROR: [${e}]") } </code></pre></devsite-code></li> </ol> <h3 id="thread_network_credentials_by_border_agent" data-text="Thread network credentials by Border Agent" tabindex="-1">Thread network credentials by Border Agent</h3> A Border Agent ID uniquely identifies a border router device. To use the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">getCredentialsByBorderAgent</code> API, first you'll need to create a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ThreadBorderAgent</code> object and pass the Border Agent ID. Once you've created the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ThreadBorderAgent</code> object, call <code translate="no" dir="ltr">getCredentialsByBorderAgent</code>. If the credentials have been saved, check to see if they're preferred. <aside class="special">Important: This API will fail if the credentials were not added by your app.</aside><div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="GDScript"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">private fun isPreferredThreadNetworkByBorderAgent(borderAgentInfo: BorderAgentInfo) { val threadBorderAgent = ThreadBorderAgent.newBuilder(borderAgentInfo.borderAgentId).build() Log.d("debug", "border router id:" + threadBorderAgent.id) var isPreferred = IsPreferredCredentialsResult.PREFERRED_CREDENTIALS_NOT_FOUND var borderAgentCredentials: ThreadNetworkCredentials? val taskByBorderAgent = ThreadNetwork.getClient(this) taskByBorderAgent .getCredentialsByBorderAgent(threadBorderAgent) .addOnSuccessListener { result: ThreadNetworkCredentialsResult -> borderAgentCredentials = result.credentials result.credentials?.let { taskByBorderAgent.isPreferredCredentials(it).addOnSuccessListener { result -> isPreferred = result } } } .addOnFailureListener { e: Exception -> Log.d(TAG, "ERROR: [${e}]") } } </code></pre></devsite-code> <h3 id="thread_network_credentials_by_extended_pan_id" data-text="Thread network credentials by Extended Pan ID" tabindex="-1">Thread network credentials by Extended Pan ID</h3> Similar to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">getPreferredCredentials</code>, you can also prompt the user for credentials from a border router's Extended Pan ID. The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">getCredentialsByExtendedPanId</code> returns an <code translate="no" dir="ltr">IntentSender</code>, and the Activity result contains a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ThreadNetworkCredentials</code> object when the user approves. <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Genshi"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">private fun getCredentialsByExtPanId(borderAgentInfo: BorderAgentInfo) { ThreadNetwork.getClient(this) .getCredentialsByExtendedPanId(borderAgentInfo.extPanId) .addOnSuccessListener { intentSenderResult -> intentSenderResult.intentSender?.let { preferredCredentialsLauncher.launch(IntentSenderRequest.Builder(it).build()) } ?: Log.d("debug", "No credentials found.") } .addOnFailureListener { e: Exception -> Log.d(TAG, "ERROR: [${e}]") } } </code></pre></devsite-code> <h2 id="remove_credentials" data-text="Remove Credentials" tabindex="-1">Remove Credentials</h2> When your Border Router device is removed from your home or factory reset, you need to remove its Thread network from Google Play services. <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Genshi"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">private fun removeCredentials(borderAgentInfo: BorderAgentInfo) { val threadBorderAgent = ThreadBorderAgent.newBuilder(borderAgentInfo.borderAgentId).build() Log.d("debug", "border router id:" + threadBorderAgent.id) ThreadNetwork.getClient(this) .removeCredentials(threadBorderAgent) .addOnSuccessListener { Log.d("debug", "Credentials removed.") } .addOnFailureListener { e: Exception -> Log.d(TAG, "ERROR: [${e}]") } } </code></pre></devsite-code> <h2 id="resources" data-text="Resources" tabindex="-1">Resources</h2> To learn more about the Thread Network SDK, refer to the <a href="/reference/com/google/android/gms/threadnetwork/package-summary">API Reference</a>. </div> <div class="devsite-floating-action-buttons"> </div> </article> <devsite-content-footer class="nocontent"> Except as otherwise noted, the content of this page is licensed under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License</a>, and code samples are licensed under the <a href="https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0">Apache 2.0 License</a>. 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