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class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">13.16583°N 61.227083°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">13.16583; -61.227083</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Breadfruit_drawing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Breadfruit_drawing.jpg/200px-Breadfruit_drawing.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Breadfruit_drawing.jpg/300px-Breadfruit_drawing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Breadfruit_drawing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="302" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption>Drawing of breadfruit<br /> by <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Parkinson" title="Sydney Parkinson">Sydney Parkinson</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Botanic Gardens</b> is located in <a href="/wiki/Kingstown" title="Kingstown">Kingstown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a>. Established in 1765, it is the oldest botanic garden in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is one of the most visited sites in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BotanicalGardenswebsite_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BotanicalGardenswebsite-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A historic landmark of major national, regional and global significance, it currently occupies approximately 8 hectares (20 acres). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_Botanic_Gardens&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Establishment">Establishment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_Botanic_Gardens&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Establishment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If it ever existed, the garden's royal charter has neither survived nor yet been rediscovered. However, letters exchanged between <a href="/wiki/Robert_Melvill" title="Robert Melvill">General Robert Melville</a> and the island surgeon botanist Dr <a href="/wiki/George_Young_(surgeon_and_botanist)" title="George Young (surgeon and botanist)">George Young</a> show that island commissioners were on 15 December 1765 directed to lay aside six acres of land as part of a 'steady plan' to facilitate botanical discoveries and encourage the cultivating of nutritional, medicinal and commercial 'improvements' for Saint Vincent's population.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Accounts compiled later by Young's successor Dr <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Anderson_(botanist)" title="Alexander Anderson (botanist)">Alexander Anderson</a> are more detailed, affirming that the garden was created to facilitate the '[introduction of such] plants as might be of advantage' to the British West Indies and the 'nation at large'; namely in the provision of new 'foods, medicines or batches of commerce' that could not be cultivated in Britain's North American colonies.<sup id="cite_ref-LSLA,_MS/605,_p.4_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LSLA,_MS/605,_p.4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The function of the garden therefore appears to have been congruous with the establishment of other eighteenth-century Caribbean Gardens at Bath and Liguanea in Jamaica, where superintendents were asked to 'explore indigenous plants, ascertain their values and uses', 'do the same with exotic plants', and import seeds that would 'prove beneficial to Britain'.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In following the broader colonial programme of 'plant interchange', the Saint Vincent Botanic Garden was designed to cultivate new West Indian export markets by way of introducing foreign plant species from the East. Though a 'premium' had been offered by the Royal Society in 1760 for the cultivation of useful plant species, there is no evidence that Melville ever claimed a reward for the Botanic Garden. </p><p>Unlike other colonial projects, the garden did not attract government funding from Britain. Instead, documents indicate it was privately financed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Melvill" title="Robert Melvill">Melville</a> during his tenure in the <a href="/wiki/Windward_Islands" title="Windward Islands">Windward Isles</a>, and Anderson's 'Account' shows he directed the commanding officer at the Kingstown Garrison to requisition a plot of barrack land for the garden. He then established a correspondence with governors on the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Main" title="Spanish Main">Spanish Main</a> 'to bring more valuable plants of that country' to Saint Vincent, and left Dr. Young '[with his] library relating to botanical history', 'other handbooks of science', and 'all his mathematical instruments'.<sup id="cite_ref-LSLA,_MS/605,_p.4_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LSLA,_MS/605,_p.4-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a letter dated 20 July 1766, Melville also arranged for cinnamon seeds to be sent to Doctor Young from the French Island of Guadeloupe<i>,</i> and by 1773 the garden contained 52 plant species.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expansion_and_development">Expansion and development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_Botanic_Gardens&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Expansion and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Surviving plant catalogues – of which there are five – provide a quantitative account of the garden's expansion from 1765. These documents show a twenty-fivefold increase in the number of plants when classified by genus until the early nineteenth century; 52 in 1773, 769 in 1792, 796 in 1793, and 1,311 by 1806.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Classed according to the <a href="/wiki/Floristic_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Floristic kingdom">floristic kingdoms</a> from which they originated, the garden's botanists acquired plants from three of the world's six photochoria; approximately twelve per cent from Holocratic North America and Europe; forty-one per cent from Neotropical Central and South America, and forty-seven per cent from the Palaeotropical regions of South-East Asia, the Indian subcontinent and Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Given the paucity of government funding and logistical support provided for the garden, many of these plant species were sent by French botanists working from <a href="/wiki/Saint-Domingue" title="Saint-Domingue">Saint Domingue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a>. Notable participants in this network of plant exchange included the <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Claude_Amour,_marquis_de_Bouill%C3%A9" title="François Claude Amour, marquis de Bouillé">marquis de Bouillé François Claude Amour du Chariol</a>, Governor General of the French Antilles from 1777 to 1783, and Jean-Baptiste <a href="/wiki/Victor_Hugues" title="Victor Hugues">Victor Hugues</a>, Governor of Guadeloupe from 1794 to 1795 and French Guiana from 1802 to 1809. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_Anderson_Engraving.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Alexander_Anderson_Engraving.jpg/220px-Alexander_Anderson_Engraving.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Alexander_Anderson_Engraving.jpg/330px-Alexander_Anderson_Engraving.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Alexander_Anderson_Engraving.jpg/440px-Alexander_Anderson_Engraving.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1088" data-file-height="1095" /></a><figcaption>Alexander Anderson, Scottish botanist who served as the Botanic Gardens curator from 1785 to 1811</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WilliamBligh.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/WilliamBligh.jpeg/220px-WilliamBligh.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/WilliamBligh.jpeg/330px-WilliamBligh.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/WilliamBligh.jpeg/440px-WilliamBligh.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1880" data-file-height="2492" /></a><figcaption>Captain William Bligh, 1814, who introduced breadfruit to the West Indies</figcaption></figure> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763)" title="Treaty of Paris (1763)">Peace of Paris</a> in (1763) the newly appointed governor of the southern British Caribbean islands, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Melvill" title="Robert Melvill">Robert Melville</a>, and the military surgeon in Saint Vincent, <a href="/wiki/George_Young_(surgeon_and_botanist)" title="George Young (surgeon and botanist)">George Young</a>, decided to create a botanic garden, primarily to provide medicinal plants for the military and improve the life and economy of the colony. Eighteenth-century botanists placed great emphasis on introducing valuable and commercial plants from the <a href="/wiki/East_Indies" title="East Indies">East Indies</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens">Kew Gardens</a> in England to be sent later to the American tropics. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> fostered the introduction, establishment, and dissemination of highly prized species. </p><p>Melville, anticipating modern <a href="/wiki/Ethnobotany" title="Ethnobotany">ethnobotany</a>, urged that "physical practitioners of the country, natives of experience, and even old Caribs and slaves who have dealt in cures might be worth taking notice of, and if at any time you should think that a secret may be got at or even an improvement for small expense, I shall readily pay for it." The <a href="/wiki/War_Department_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="War Department (UK)">War Department (UK)</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Honourable_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Honourable East India Company">Honourable East India Company</a> sent seeds and plants from <a href="/wiki/Tropics" title="Tropics">tropical</a> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and from <a href="/wiki/British_North_Borneo" class="mw-redirect" title="British North Borneo">British North Borneo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a> in the East Indies. Other <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a> came from French and Caribbean sources, such as <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a> from <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a>. From Kew Gardens came seeds from <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Howard1997_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howard1997-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under George Young (1765–1785), and the capable and enthusiastic guidance of the second superintendent curator, <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Anderson_(botanist)" title="Alexander Anderson (botanist)">Alexander Anderson</a>, who served from 1785 to 1811, the Botanical Gardens quickly attained an enviable reputation and received wide acclaim.<sup id="cite_ref-Howard1997_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howard1997-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The garden attracted talented successor curators, including <a href="/wiki/William_Lochead" title="William Lochead">William Lochead</a>, George Caley, Henry Powell, and William Sands.<sup id="cite_ref-Howard1997_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howard1997-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A third-generation clone of a <a href="/wiki/Breadfruit" title="Breadfruit">breadfruit</a> tree in the twenty-first century collection of the gardens came from an original plant brought in 1793 by <a href="/wiki/William_Bligh" title="William Bligh">Captain William Bligh</a> (of Bounty fame).<sup id="cite_ref-BotanicalGardenswebsite_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BotanicalGardenswebsite-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1787–88 Captain Bligh made his ill-fated voyage on <i><a href="/wiki/HMS_Bounty" title="HMS Bounty">HMS Bounty</a></i> to <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a> to collect breadfruit and other useful plants for the West Indies.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Undaunted by the notorious <a href="/wiki/Mutiny_on_the_Bounty" title="Mutiny on the Bounty">mutiny</a> of his first crew, Bligh again set sail for Tahiti aboard <a href="/wiki/HMS_Providence_(1791)" title="HMS Providence (1791)">HMS <i>Providence</i></a>. He completed his mission in Kingstown, Saint Vincent on January 23, 1793, with plants from the South Seas.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Botanic Garden's curator Alexander Anderson took great care of these plants, and the success of all those efforts is evident from the widespread distribution of breadfruit, the most useful food plant throughout the West Indies. </p><p>The first half of the nineteenth century was a lean time for colonial botanic gardens. By 1850, due to a lack of interest and maintenance, the Saint Vincent gardens had fallen into disrepair. Local efforts in Saint Vincent initiated in 1884 began to revive the gardens; by 1890 the work was reactivated as part of a larger agricultural and botanical scheme. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Vincent,_Karibik_-_Botanical_Garden_of_Kingstown_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/St._Vincent%2C_Karibik_-_Botanical_Garden_of_Kingstown_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-St._Vincent%2C_Karibik_-_Botanical_Garden_of_Kingstown_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/St._Vincent%2C_Karibik_-_Botanical_Garden_of_Kingstown_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-St._Vincent%2C_Karibik_-_Botanical_Garden_of_Kingstown_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/St._Vincent%2C_Karibik_-_Botanical_Garden_of_Kingstown_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-St._Vincent%2C_Karibik_-_Botanical_Garden_of_Kingstown_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Garden vista</figcaption></figure> <p>The Botanical Gardens soon regained their former glory and beauty, and the plant collections were recovered. Considerable attention was given to experimental work in the gardens on <a href="/wiki/Cash_crop" title="Cash crop">economic crops</a> until 1944 (<a href="/wiki/Cotton" title="Cotton">cotton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arrowroot" title="Arrowroot">arrowroot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_bean" title="Cocoa bean">cacao</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a>). The layout of the re-established gardens was improved by the construction of a small Doric Temple, by road building and by the continuous introduction of plants to maintain and add to the collection.<sup id="cite_ref-BotanicalGardenswebsite_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BotanicalGardenswebsite-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conservation_programs">Conservation programs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_Botanic_Gardens&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Conservation programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several members of the British royal family have planted a tree in the garden, where pink poui (<i><a href="/wiki/Tabebuia_rosea" title="Tabebuia rosea">Tabebuia rosea</a></i>) was planted by Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex, on 27 February 2012, and a baobab (<i><a href="/wiki/Adansonia_digitata" title="Adansonia digitata">Adansonia digitata</a></i>) tree was planted by Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, on 28 November 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-BotanicalGardenswebsite_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BotanicalGardenswebsite-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BxZ_Amazona_guildingii_00.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/BxZ_Amazona_guildingii_00.jpg/250px-BxZ_Amazona_guildingii_00.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/BxZ_Amazona_guildingii_00.jpg/375px-BxZ_Amazona_guildingii_00.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/BxZ_Amazona_guildingii_00.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_amazon" title="Saint Vincent amazon">Saint Vincent amazon</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Nicholas Wildlife Aviary Complex, located within the gardens, maintains a captive breeding program to conserve the vulnerable <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_amazon" title="Saint Vincent amazon">Saint Vincent amazon</a>, the national bird. These endemic parrots can be found in the wild and also in the aviary.<sup id="cite_ref-BotanicalGardenswebsite_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BotanicalGardenswebsite-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The gardens have been designated an <a href="/wiki/Important_Bird_Area" title="Important Bird Area">Important Bird Area</a> (IBA) by <a href="/wiki/BirdLife_International" title="BirdLife International">BirdLife International</a> because they support significant populations of local birds, including <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antillean_swift" title="Lesser Antillean swift">lesser Antillean swifts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Purple-throated_carib" title="Purple-throated carib">purple-throated</a> and <a href="/wiki/Green-throated_carib" title="Green-throated carib">green-throated caribs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antillean_crested_hummingbird" title="Antillean crested hummingbird">Antillean crested hummingbirds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_elaenia" title="Caribbean elaenia">Caribbean elaenias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grenada_flycatcher" title="Grenada flycatcher">Grenada flycatchers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antillean_tanager" title="Lesser Antillean tanager">Saint Vincent tanagers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antillean_bullfinch" title="Lesser Antillean bullfinch">lesser Antillean bullfinches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bli_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bli-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_Botanic_Gardens&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHoward1975" class="citation journal cs1">Howard, Richard (1975). "Modern Problems of the Years 1492 – 1800 in the Lesser Antilles". <i>Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden</i>. <b>62/2</b>: 371.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Missouri+Botanical+Garden&rft.atitle=Modern+Problems+of+the+Years+1492+%E2%80%93+1800+in+the+Lesser+Antilles&rft.volume=62%2F2&rft.pages=371&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Vincent+and+the+Grenadines+Botanic+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BotanicalGardenswebsite-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BotanicalGardenswebsite_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BotanicalGardenswebsite_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BotanicalGardenswebsite_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BotanicalGardenswebsite_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BotanicalGardenswebsite_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140826113722/http://botanicalgardens.gov.vc/">"Botanical Gardens website"</a>. <i>Botanical Gardens</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://botanicalgardens.gov.vc/">the original</a> on 2014-08-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-08-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Botanical+Gardens&rft.atitle=Botanical+Gardens+website&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbotanicalgardens.gov.vc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Vincent+and+the+Grenadines+Botanic+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">‘Robert Melville to George Young, 15 December. 1765’, in An Account of the Topographical and Geographical Situation of His Majesty's Botanical Garden of St. Vincent, 1807: London, LSLA, MS/605, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LSLA,_MS/605,_p.4-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LSLA,_MS/605,_p.4_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LSLA,_MS/605,_p.4_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">LSLA, MS/605, p.4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Thomas Dancer, Some Observations Respecting the Botanical Garden (Kingston,1804), p.8.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some Additional Observations on the Method of Preserving Seeds from Foreign Parts for the Benefit of our American Colonies (London, 1773).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Data is sourced after Ellis, Some Additional Observations; ‘A Catalogue of Plants in His Majesty's Botanical Gardens in the Island of St Vincent’, 24 Dec. 1792, SLNSW, JBP, 56.02, FL3187553; ‘A Catalogue of Plants brought from Otaheite by his Majesty's Ship Providence Sept. 24th. 1793’, 24 Sept. 1793, SLNSW, JBP, 56.07, IE3186265 and L. Guilding, An Account of the Botanic Garden in the Island of St. Vincent, from its First Establishment to the Present Time (Glasgow, 1825).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Data is sourced after:Ellis, SomeAdditional; Guilding, An Account;‘A Catalogue of Plants’,‘List of useful plants’, and LSLA, MS/605. Plants were organised phytogeographically using: ‘“Royal Botanic Gardens Kew”: Plants of the World Online’, <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://powo.science.kew.org">http://powo.science.kew.org</a> (August 1, 2021).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Howard1997-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Howard1997_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howard1997_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howard1997_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward1997–1998" class="citation journal cs1">Howard, Richard (Winter 1997–1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100801163704/http://arnoldia.arboretum.harvard.edu/pdf/articles/476.pdf">"The St. Vincent Botanic Garden—The Early Years"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Arnoldia</i>. <b>57</b> (4). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arnoldia.arboretum.harvard.edu/pdf/articles/476.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2010-08-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arnoldia&rft.atitle=The+St.+Vincent+Botanic+Garden%E2%80%94The+Early+Years&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=4&rft.date=1997%2F1998&rft.aulast=Howard&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farnoldia.arboretum.harvard.edu%2Fpdf%2Farticles%2F476.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Vincent+and+the+Grenadines+Botanic+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/15411">William Bligh, <i>A Voyage to the South Sea For The Purpose Of Conveying The Bread-Fruit Tree To The West Indies, Including An Account Of The Mutiny On Board The Ship,</i> Project Gutenberg, No. 15411.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070902055910/http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/banks/series_56/56_01.cfm">"Series 56: Letters and plant lists received by Banks from Alexander Anderson, concerning the breadfruit voyage of HM Ships Providence and Assistant, William Bligh, 1792–1793, State Library of New South Wales"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sl.nsw.gov.au/banks/series_56/56_01.cfm">the original</a> on 2007-09-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-05-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Series+56%3A+Letters+and+plant+lists+received+by+Banks+from+Alexander+Anderson%2C+concerning+the+breadfruit+voyage+of+HM+Ships+Providence+and+Assistant%2C+William+Bligh%2C+1792%E2%80%931793%2C+State+Library+of+New+South+Wales.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sl.nsw.gov.au%2Fbanks%2Fseries_56%2F56_01.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Vincent+and+the+Grenadines+Botanic+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bli-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bli_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/botanic-gardens-natural-landmark-iba-st-vincent-and-the-grenadines">"Botanic Gardens Natural Landmark"</a>. <i>BirdLife Data Zone</i>. BirdLife International. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BirdLife+Data+Zone&rft.atitle=Botanic+Gardens+Natural+Landmark&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatazone.birdlife.org%2Fsite%2Ffactsheet%2Fbotanic-gardens-natural-landmark-iba-st-vincent-and-the-grenadines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Vincent+and+the+Grenadines+Botanic+Gardens" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_Botanic_Gardens&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://botanicalgardens.gov.vc/">Botanical Gardens website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140826113722/http://botanicalgardens.gov.vc/">Archived</a> 2014-08-26 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nationalparks.gov.vc/">National Parks, Rivers and Beaches Authority</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_Botanic_Gardens&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herbalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbalism">Herbalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bot%C3%A1nica" title="Botánica">Botánica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botanical_gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Botanical gardens">Botanical gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_collecting" title="Plant collecting">Plant collecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_botanical_gardens" title="List of botanical gardens">List of botanical gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andromeda_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="Andromeda Gardens">Andromeda Gardens</a></li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_Botanic_Gardens&params=13_9.95_N_61_13.625_W_"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">13°9.95′N</span> <span class="longitude">61°13.625′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">13.16583°N 61.227083°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">13.16583; -61.227083</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_Botanic_Gardens&oldid=1245518931">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines_Botanic_Gardens&oldid=1245518931</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Botanical_gardens_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Category:Botanical gardens in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Botanical gardens in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Important_Bird_Areas_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Category:Important Bird Areas of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Important Bird Areas of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Natural_history_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Category:Natural history of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Natural history of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kingstown" title="Category:Kingstown">Kingstown</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 13 September 2024, at 13:05<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; 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