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mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue; focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;" jsshadow jsname="R9oOZd" aria-label="Open search bar" aria-disabled="false" tabindex="0" data-tooltip="Open search bar" aria-expanded="false" data-tooltip-vertical-offset="-12" data-tooltip-horizontal-offset="0"><div class="VTBa7b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="xjKiLb"><span class="Ce1Y1c" style="top: -12px"><svg class="vu8Pwe tCHXDc YSH9J" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false"><path d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27C15.41 12.59 16 11.11 16 9.5 16 5.91 13.09 3 9.5 3S3 5.91 3 9.5 5.91 16 9.5 16c1.61 0 3.09-.59 4.23-1.57l.27.28v.79l5 4.99L20.49 19l-4.99-5zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z"/><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"/></svg></span></span></div></div></div><div jsname="mADGA" class="zDUgLc" style="background-color:rgb(0, 0, 0);"></div></div><div class="TxnWlb" jsname="BDdyze" jsaction="click:LUvzV"></div></div></header><div role="main" tabindex="-1" class="UtePc RCETm SwuGbc" dir="ltr"><section id="h.4d209c26db44d232_78" class="yaqOZd cJgDec nyKByd" style=""><div class="IFuOkc" style="background-position: center center; background-image: url(https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/UbaqsSRgb-JcC8Cr8d6tMj1Ss8TiCJfQyE1VtV3lDFIvXxufEUBD0kN3lATUE3tmGPhpa9nItXx6c0Ir9j2RVA=w16383); background-size: cover;"></div><div class="mYVXT"><div class="LS81yb VICjCf j5pSsc db35Fc" tabindex="-1"><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-ibL1re Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-ibL1re purZT-AhqUyc-ibL1re ZcASvf-AhqUyc-ibL1re pSzOP-AhqUyc-ibL1re Ktthjf-AhqUyc-ibL1re JNdkSc SQVYQc"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype Kzv0Me"><div id="h.7d8efdaffeb74cde_15" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-ibL1re Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-ibL1re purZT-AhqUyc-ibL1re ZcASvf-AhqUyc-ibL1re pSzOP-AhqUyc-ibL1re Ktthjf-AhqUyc-ibL1re jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec OjCsFc dmUFtb wHaque g5GTcb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd baZpAe"><div class="t3iYD"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/wHIp3mQb7VCjoiw_kR2g-jaRzUHh02If6tB-v7MBmmCjzwdCn08gqYX3Jz-FwSg_y8uotKFyGZqDgR15vtCpm4FY_fSYZK50NOOj1F0N8yktZkVGTRqKHtS05mkkZ7Fz1A=w1280" class="CENy8b" role="img"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-OwsYgb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-OwsYgb purZT-AhqUyc-II5mzb ZcASvf-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-qWD73c Ktthjf-AhqUyc-qWD73c JNdkSc SQVYQc"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype Kzv0Me"><div id="h.4d209c26db44d232_75" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-OwsYgb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-OwsYgb jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec OjCsFc dmUFtb wHaque g5GTcb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd mGzaTb Depvyb baZpAe"><br><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style=""><span class="jgG6ef C9DxTc " style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">ENERGY & GEORESOURCES</span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-c5RTEf Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-c5RTEf JNdkSc SQVYQc L6cTce-purZT L6cTce-pSzOP"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"></div></div></div></div></div></section><section id="h.1aab2765e9753186_3" class="yaqOZd"><div class="IFuOkc"></div><div class="mYVXT"><div class="LS81yb VICjCf j5pSsc db35Fc" tabindex="-1"><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-OiUrBf Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-OiUrBf purZT-AhqUyc-II5mzb ZcASvf-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-qWD73c Ktthjf-AhqUyc-qWD73c JNdkSc SQVYQc"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype Kzv0Me"><div id="h.1aab2765e9753186_4" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-OiUrBf Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-OiUrBf jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec OjCsFc dmUFtb wHaque g5GTcb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd mGzaTb Depvyb baZpAe"><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style=""><span class="C9DxTc " style="font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Malta has a number of natural resources in its Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). </span></p><ol class="n8H08c BKnRcf " style="list-style-type: decimal; margin-left: 0; margin-right: 0; padding: 0;"><li dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q TYR86d lsiHE " style="margin-left: 15.0pt;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="margin-left: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; text-indent: 0.0pt;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Limestone: a geomaterial that has been used since prehistory for construction and now extracted for crushed aggregate production with application to concrete and asphalt.</span></p></li><li dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q TYR86d lsiHE " style="margin-left: 15.0pt;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="margin-left: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; text-indent: 0.0pt;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Clay and phosphate: no commercial use till now</span></p></li><li dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q TYR86d lsiHE " style="margin-left: 15.0pt;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="margin-left: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; text-indent: 0.0pt;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Hydrocarbons: no commercial quantities have been discovered.</span></p></li><li dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q TYR86d lsiHE " style="margin-left: 15.0pt;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="margin-left: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; text-indent: 0.0pt;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Hydrogen gas: no discoveries</span></p></li></ol></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-II5mzb purZT-AhqUyc-II5mzb ZcASvf-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ktthjf-AhqUyc-II5mzb JNdkSc SQVYQc yYI8W HQwdzb"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype Kzv0Me"><div id="h.1aab2765e9753186_0" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ktthjf-AhqUyc-II5mzb jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec OjCsFc dmUFtb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd baZpAe"><div class="t3iYD"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/QeKbbiT6KxzT-QtcstIYqiHwnfECTlpLpI2iZzV4cGvxn_R7tbHjuK6y8pZfPNac_5VtmHK4PQWpOUd2x7LsVYVCwrCA1Pb7qlzSEweJEmegT7hqq8odA0UivbUxlFQPzg=w1280" class="CENy8b" role="img" style="width: 100.000002643%; margin: 0% 0 0% -0.0000013215%"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype"><div id="h.1aab2765e9753186_8" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ktthjf-AhqUyc-II5mzb jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec wHaque g5GTcb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd mGzaTb Depvyb baZpAe"><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="text-align: center;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="font-style: italic;">Malta's Exclusive Economic Zone</span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section id="h.594171ed13df2670_11" class="yaqOZd"><div class="IFuOkc"></div><div class="mYVXT"><div class="LS81yb VICjCf j5pSsc db35Fc" tabindex="-1"><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd purZT-AhqUyc-II5mzb ZcASvf-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-qWD73c Ktthjf-AhqUyc-qWD73c JNdkSc SQVYQc yYI8W HQwdzb"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype Kzv0Me"><div id="h.594171ed13df2670_4" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec OjCsFc dmUFtb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd baZpAe"><div class="t3iYD"><img src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/dgvd9zj999VEzu2aVcTvYm7r-BB0hmX9BykrYRBvyPM9umhRpxO_SvDuktUDwpZG2x-eGjxlyGqmpiSuO6IbzSDNX2JztuEfSBoCf7EmF8scCy6_Zty3rbgrCuZA3kCedg=w1280" class="CENy8b" role="img"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype"><div id="h.594171ed13df2670_8" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec wHaque g5GTcb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd mGzaTb Depvyb baZpAe"><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="text-align: center;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="">Mc Kelvey diagram of Natural Resources of Malta </span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section id="h.29315fd76f7ef515_3" class="yaqOZd"><div class="IFuOkc"></div><div class="mYVXT"><div class="LS81yb VICjCf j5pSsc db35Fc" tabindex="-1"><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-qWD73c Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-qWD73c purZT-AhqUyc-II5mzb ZcASvf-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-qWD73c Ktthjf-AhqUyc-qWD73c JNdkSc SQVYQc"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype Kzv0Me"><div id="h.29315fd76f7ef515_0" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-qWD73c Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-qWD73c jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec OjCsFc dmUFtb wHaque g5GTcb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd baZpAe"><div class="t3iYD"><img src="https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/O4x-osF5AyLTKuTOYsfNWnTapZGSvibNJk_3cvekzuIb5an5FFx2JSjHDLBoO3gT0opuqkqaYcCJGNEBsPTL6rucXrUrew1XuyZQGBuEGmP5L5DGCe7UNzeJz9isByxycw=w1280" class="CENy8b" role="img"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-qWD73c Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-qWD73c purZT-AhqUyc-II5mzb ZcASvf-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-qWD73c Ktthjf-AhqUyc-qWD73c JNdkSc SQVYQc"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype Kzv0Me"><div id="h.29315fd76f7ef515_4" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-qWD73c Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-qWD73c jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec OjCsFc dmUFtb wHaque g5GTcb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd mGzaTb Depvyb baZpAe"><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="text-align: justify;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">Hydrocarbons</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="text-align: justify;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Malta is one of the three European countries most dependent on </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; vertical-align: baseline;">fossil fuels </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">for its energy needs: Cyprus (discover</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; vertical-align: baseline;">ed gas field)</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">, Malta and Poland (includes coal). </span></p><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="text-align: justify;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">Since no hydrocarbons were discovered in Malta, all hydrocarbons must be imported. </span></p><br><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style=""><span class="C9DxTc " style="">Visits the Chamber's Discussion paper on the role of hydrocarbons: </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #980000; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial; font-weight: 700;"> </span><a class="XqQF9c" href="/geology-for-energy-in-malta-discussion-document" style="color: inherit; text-decoration: none;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #980000; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline;">Geology for Energy in Malta</span></a><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #980000; font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial; font-weight: 700;"> </span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section id="h.52ed124e2d1fa6a4_39" class="yaqOZd"><div class="IFuOkc"></div><div class="mYVXT"><div class="LS81yb VICjCf j5pSsc db35Fc" tabindex="-1"><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd purZT-AhqUyc-II5mzb ZcASvf-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-qWD73c Ktthjf-AhqUyc-qWD73c JNdkSc SQVYQc yYI8W HQwdzb"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="vhaaFf qUO6Ue" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype Kzv0Me" jsaction="click:uYnbT;JIbuQc:uYnbT;"><div id="h.52ed124e2d1fa6a4_34" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec OjCsFc dmUFtb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd mGzaTb Depvyb baZpAe"><div id="h.4r6gvfjd8td5" class="CobnVe yMxPgf aP9Z7e"></div><h2 id="h.4r6gvfjd8td5_l" dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q JYVBee CDt4Ke " style=""><div jscontroller="Ae65rd" jsaction="touchstart:UrsOsc; click:KjsqPd; focusout:QZoaZ; mouseover:y0pDld; mouseout:dq0hvd;fv1Rjc:jbFSOd;CrfLRd:SzACGe;" class="CjVfdc"><div class="PPhIP rviiZ" jsname="haAclf"><div role="presentation" class="U26fgb mUbCce fKz7Od LRAOtb Znu9nd M9Bg4d" jscontroller="mxS5xe" jsaction="click:cOuCgd; mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue; focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;" jsshadow aria-describedby="h.4r6gvfjd8td5_l" aria-label="Copy heading link" aria-disabled="false" data-tooltip="Copy heading link" aria-hidden="true" data-tooltip-position="top" data-tooltip-vertical-offset="12" data-tooltip-horizontal-offset="0"><a class="FKF6mc TpQm9d" href="#h.4r6gvfjd8td5" aria-label="Copy heading link" jsname="hiK3ld" role="button" aria-describedby="h.4r6gvfjd8td5_l"><div class="VTBa7b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="xjKiLb"><span class="Ce1Y1c" style="top: -11px"><svg class="OUGEr QdAdhf" width="22px" height="22px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" focusable="false"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"/><path d="M3.9 12c0-1.71 1.39-3.1 3.1-3.1h4V7H7c-2.76 0-5 2.24-5 5s2.24 5 5 5h4v-1.9H7c-1.71 0-3.1-1.39-3.1-3.1zM8 13h8v-2H8v2zm9-6h-4v1.9h4c1.71 0 3.1 1.39 3.1 3.1s-1.39 3.1-3.1 3.1h-4V17h4c2.76 0 5-2.24 5-5s-2.24-5-5-5z"/></svg></span></span></a></div></div><span class="jgG6ef C9DxTc " style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">Hydrocarbon Exploration</span></div></h2></div></div><div role="button" class="uArJ5e Y5FYJe cjq2Db zGbri" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd; mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;" jsshadow aria-label="Expand" tabindex="0" data-tooltip="Expand" data-tooltip-vertical-offset="-12" data-tooltip-horizontal-offset="0"><div class="PDXc1b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="XuQwKc"><span class="GmuOkf"><span class="DPvwYc Vtm4Z" aria-hidden="true"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class=" NMm5M"><path d="M5.41 7.59L4 9l8 8 8-8-1.41-1.41L12 14.17"/></svg></span></span></span></div><div role="button" class="uArJ5e Y5FYJe cjq2Db amZmwc" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd; mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;" jsshadow aria-label="Collapse" tabindex="0" data-tooltip="Collapse" data-tooltip-vertical-offset="-12" data-tooltip-horizontal-offset="0"><div class="PDXc1b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="XuQwKc"><span class="GmuOkf"><span class="DPvwYc Vtm4Z" aria-hidden="true"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class=" NMm5M"><path d="M18.59 16.41L20 15l-8-8-8 8 1.41 1.41L12 9.83"/></svg></span></span></span></div></div></div><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype"><div id="h.52ed124e2d1fa6a4_36" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd mGzaTb Depvyb baZpAe"><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="line-height: 1.7999999999999998; text-align: justify;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; vertical-align: baseline;">The Maltese continental shelf is the largest and most valuable asset </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">held by the Republic of Malta. It </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; vertical-align: baseline;">covers an </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline;">area</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; vertical-align: baseline;"> of</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> 70,000 km</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-size: 8.4pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: super;">2</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-variant: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"> and is </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; vertical-align: baseline;">estimated to be worth billions of euro in value. Exploration for hydrocarbons over the past 65 years resulted in 13 wells and several kilometres of seismic lines. All 13 wells are not producing. From 1980, 19 licences have been awarded: 10 exploration licences under Exploration Study Agreements and 9 exploration/production licences under Production Sharing Contracts.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Malta’s continental shelf and land area is </span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-style: italic; vertical-align: baseline;">circa</span><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; vertical-align: baseline;"> one-twelfth of that of Italy, although the density of wells over the Maltese continental shelf is about forty times less than that of Italy. The Maltese continental shelf remains under explored. Over the past 60 years, the Maltese oil exploration programme showed 2 anomalies compared to global and regional trends :</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-left: 0.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 18.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; vertical-align: baseline;">1. The frequency of Maltese oil wells through time and the depth reached by wells is generally inversely related to the global price of oil (r = -0.32), i.e., when the global price of oil is high, fewer and shallower wells were bored in Malta.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-left: 18.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.0pt;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-left: 0.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 18.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; vertical-align: baseline;">2. Maltese wells are relatively deep: >50% of Maltese wells exceed 4 km depth, whereas <2% productive American wells (based on >2 million U.S. wells) and 6% of Italian wells (based on >7000 Italian wells) exceed 4 km depth.</span></p><br><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 0.0pt; margin-left: 0.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 18.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Exploration have been the Jurassic carbonate reservoirs productive in offshore Sicily and Palaeogene carbonates equivalent to Tunisian targets. Both targets have failed to produce any oil and gas and may be inapplicable to Malta.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="background-color: transparent; border-bottom: none; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: none; line-height: 1.7999999999999998; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-top: 0.0pt; padding-bottom: 0.0pt; padding-left: 0.0pt; padding-right: 0.0pt; padding-top: 0.0pt; text-indent: 0.0pt;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12.0pt; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline;"> </span></p><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style=""><span class="C9DxTc " style="font-variant: normal;">Map showing location of oil wells and continental shelf claims</span></p></div></div></div></div><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype"><div id="h.75cc92a167551420_0" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec wHaque g5GTcb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd baZpAe"><div class="t3iYD"><img src="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/G_peqSiEzgw3VRgxOipJxLC4gNdZovlV8s11BjHzKfilxsNA4MuWEaHdlOnLpAV3bm32Emrn07ouR7eT5_XVnWu7Bh0FRC5DfkUIRq_LJbKC3vXTSvZz2OHKx67Er1VIkA=w1280" class="CENy8b" role="img"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section id="h.401095a647c3bb49_23" class="yaqOZd"><div class="IFuOkc"></div><div class="mYVXT"><div class="LS81yb VICjCf j5pSsc db35Fc" tabindex="-1"><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd purZT-AhqUyc-II5mzb ZcASvf-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-qWD73c Ktthjf-AhqUyc-qWD73c JNdkSc SQVYQc yYI8W HQwdzb"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="vhaaFf qUO6Ue" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype Kzv0Me" jsaction="click:uYnbT;JIbuQc:uYnbT;"><div id="h.401095a647c3bb49_18" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec OjCsFc dmUFtb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd mGzaTb Depvyb baZpAe"><div id="h.6iymh2pjebtf" class="CobnVe yMxPgf aP9Z7e"></div><h2 id="h.6iymh2pjebtf_l" dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q JYVBee CDt4Ke " style=""><div jscontroller="Ae65rd" jsaction="touchstart:UrsOsc; click:KjsqPd; focusout:QZoaZ; mouseover:y0pDld; mouseout:dq0hvd;fv1Rjc:jbFSOd;CrfLRd:SzACGe;" class="CjVfdc"><div class="PPhIP rviiZ" jsname="haAclf"><div role="presentation" class="U26fgb mUbCce fKz7Od LRAOtb Znu9nd M9Bg4d" jscontroller="mxS5xe" jsaction="click:cOuCgd; mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue; focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;" jsshadow aria-describedby="h.6iymh2pjebtf_l" aria-label="Copy heading link" aria-disabled="false" data-tooltip="Copy heading link" aria-hidden="true" data-tooltip-position="top" data-tooltip-vertical-offset="12" data-tooltip-horizontal-offset="0"><a class="FKF6mc TpQm9d" href="#h.6iymh2pjebtf" aria-label="Copy heading link" jsname="hiK3ld" role="button" aria-describedby="h.6iymh2pjebtf_l"><div class="VTBa7b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="xjKiLb"><span class="Ce1Y1c" style="top: -11px"><svg class="OUGEr QdAdhf" width="22px" height="22px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" focusable="false"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"/><path d="M3.9 12c0-1.71 1.39-3.1 3.1-3.1h4V7H7c-2.76 0-5 2.24-5 5s2.24 5 5 5h4v-1.9H7c-1.71 0-3.1-1.39-3.1-3.1zM8 13h8v-2H8v2zm9-6h-4v1.9h4c1.71 0 3.1 1.39 3.1 3.1s-1.39 3.1-3.1 3.1h-4V17h4c2.76 0 5-2.24 5-5s-2.24-5-5-5z"/></svg></span></span></a></div></div><span class="jgG6ef C9DxTc " style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">Hydrogen Economy</span></div></h2></div></div><div role="button" class="uArJ5e Y5FYJe cjq2Db zGbri" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd; mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;" jsshadow aria-label="Expand" tabindex="0" data-tooltip="Expand" data-tooltip-vertical-offset="-12" data-tooltip-horizontal-offset="0"><div class="PDXc1b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="XuQwKc"><span class="GmuOkf"><span class="DPvwYc Vtm4Z" aria-hidden="true"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class=" NMm5M"><path d="M5.41 7.59L4 9l8 8 8-8-1.41-1.41L12 14.17"/></svg></span></span></span></div><div role="button" class="uArJ5e Y5FYJe cjq2Db amZmwc" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd; mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;" jsshadow aria-label="Collapse" tabindex="0" data-tooltip="Collapse" data-tooltip-vertical-offset="-12" data-tooltip-horizontal-offset="0"><div class="PDXc1b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="XuQwKc"><span class="GmuOkf"><span class="DPvwYc Vtm4Z" aria-hidden="true"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class=" NMm5M"><path d="M18.59 16.41L20 15l-8-8-8 8 1.41 1.41L12 9.83"/></svg></span></span></span></div></div></div><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype"><div id="h.401095a647c3bb49_20" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec wHaque g5GTcb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd mGzaTb Depvyb baZpAe"><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="text-align: justify;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Hydrogen gas is the future of carbon-free economies. Presently, hydrogen gas is produced from methane gas which is a hydrocarbon. The future lies in drilling for subsurface hydrogen. Subsurface hydrogen is already fuelling small communities in experimental cases in West Africa.</span></p><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style=""><span class="C9DxTc " style="font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Read more: </span><a class="XqQF9c" href="https://eurogeologists.eu/hydrogen-a-new-opportunity-for-oil-and-gas-companies/" target="_blank" style="color: inherit; text-decoration: none;"><span class="C9DxTc aw5Odc " style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline;">Subsurface Hydrogen</span></a></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section id="h.52ed124e2d1fa6a4_33" class="yaqOZd"><div class="IFuOkc"></div><div class="mYVXT"><div class="LS81yb VICjCf j5pSsc db35Fc" tabindex="-1"><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd purZT-AhqUyc-II5mzb ZcASvf-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-qWD73c Ktthjf-AhqUyc-qWD73c JNdkSc SQVYQc yYI8W HQwdzb"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="vhaaFf qUO6Ue" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype Kzv0Me" jsaction="click:uYnbT;JIbuQc:uYnbT;"><div id="h.52ed124e2d1fa6a4_28" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec OjCsFc dmUFtb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd mGzaTb Depvyb baZpAe"><div id="h.1nutqhd8cfu0" class="CobnVe yMxPgf aP9Z7e"></div><h2 id="h.1nutqhd8cfu0_l" dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q JYVBee CDt4Ke " style=""><div jscontroller="Ae65rd" jsaction="touchstart:UrsOsc; click:KjsqPd; focusout:QZoaZ; mouseover:y0pDld; mouseout:dq0hvd;fv1Rjc:jbFSOd;CrfLRd:SzACGe;" class="CjVfdc"><div class="PPhIP rviiZ" jsname="haAclf"><div role="presentation" class="U26fgb mUbCce fKz7Od LRAOtb Znu9nd M9Bg4d" jscontroller="mxS5xe" jsaction="click:cOuCgd; mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue; focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;" jsshadow aria-describedby="h.1nutqhd8cfu0_l" aria-label="Copy heading link" aria-disabled="false" data-tooltip="Copy heading link" aria-hidden="true" data-tooltip-position="top" data-tooltip-vertical-offset="12" data-tooltip-horizontal-offset="0"><a class="FKF6mc TpQm9d" href="#h.1nutqhd8cfu0" aria-label="Copy heading link" jsname="hiK3ld" role="button" aria-describedby="h.1nutqhd8cfu0_l"><div class="VTBa7b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="xjKiLb"><span class="Ce1Y1c" style="top: -11px"><svg class="OUGEr QdAdhf" width="22px" height="22px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="currentColor" focusable="false"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"/><path d="M3.9 12c0-1.71 1.39-3.1 3.1-3.1h4V7H7c-2.76 0-5 2.24-5 5s2.24 5 5 5h4v-1.9H7c-1.71 0-3.1-1.39-3.1-3.1zM8 13h8v-2H8v2zm9-6h-4v1.9h4c1.71 0 3.1 1.39 3.1 3.1s-1.39 3.1-3.1 3.1h-4V17h4c2.76 0 5-2.24 5-5s-2.24-5-5-5z"/></svg></span></span></a></div></div><span class="jgG6ef C9DxTc " style="font-family: 'Open Sans', Arial; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline;">QUARRYING</span></div></h2></div></div><div role="button" class="uArJ5e Y5FYJe cjq2Db zGbri" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd; mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;" jsshadow aria-label="Expand" tabindex="0" data-tooltip="Expand" data-tooltip-vertical-offset="-12" data-tooltip-horizontal-offset="0"><div class="PDXc1b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="XuQwKc"><span class="GmuOkf"><span class="DPvwYc Vtm4Z" aria-hidden="true"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class=" NMm5M"><path d="M5.41 7.59L4 9l8 8 8-8-1.41-1.41L12 14.17"/></svg></span></span></span></div><div role="button" class="uArJ5e Y5FYJe cjq2Db amZmwc" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd; mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;" jsshadow aria-label="Collapse" tabindex="0" data-tooltip="Collapse" data-tooltip-vertical-offset="-12" data-tooltip-horizontal-offset="0"><div class="PDXc1b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="XuQwKc"><span class="GmuOkf"><span class="DPvwYc Vtm4Z" aria-hidden="true"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" focusable="false" class=" NMm5M"><path d="M18.59 16.41L20 15l-8-8-8 8 1.41 1.41L12 9.83"/></svg></span></span></span></div></div></div><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype"><div id="h.52ed124e2d1fa6a4_30" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-uQSCkd jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec wHaque g5GTcb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd mGzaTb Depvyb baZpAe"><p dir="ltr" class="zfr3Q CDt4Ke " style="line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify;"><span class="C9DxTc " style="color: #000000; font-size: 13.999999999999998pt; vertical-align: baseline;">Within a European context, the Maltese quarrying industry represents a special case of problems. The Islands’ size is a mere 316 km2, where stone quarries presently supply the local burgeoning construction industry with quarry products. The major constraints for quarrying are the lack of territory and the limited rock resources which constrain this industry from expanding to its full potential. This is aggravated by an insularity which has retarded modernisation and restructuring within the context of global competition. The environmental impacts of quarrying are also more readily perceived in a very densely populated country like Malta.</span></p><br></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section id="h.6ad345442e8e09a4_19" class="yaqOZd"><div class="IFuOkc"></div><div class="mYVXT"><div class="LS81yb VICjCf j5pSsc db35Fc" tabindex="-1"><div class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-II5mzb purZT-AhqUyc-II5mzb ZcASvf-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ktthjf-AhqUyc-II5mzb JNdkSc SQVYQc"><div class="JNdkSc-SmKAyb LkDMRd"><div class="" jscontroller="sGwD4d" jsaction="zXBUYb:zTPCnb;zQF9Uc:Qxe3nd;" jsname="F57UId"><div class="oKdM2c ZZyype Kzv0Me"><div id="h.6ad345442e8e09a4_16" class="hJDwNd-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ft7HRd-AhqUyc-II5mzb pSzOP-AhqUyc-II5mzb Ktthjf-AhqUyc-II5mzb jXK9ad D2fZ2 zu5uec OjCsFc dmUFtb wHaque g5GTcb"><div class="jXK9ad-SmKAyb"><div class="tyJCtd baZpAe"><div class="t3iYD"><img src="https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/KmYcqPSGfG_wm8kf3f9Zr1SPIu01Ok5Q7dr_7PsdiC6Qa0kAk9HY7swdplNW5QxAR9nPrRtNCdiY1O8dg0Y0q5iq3gvSkQWQ0P-LnrpWtVAlKzccs0kupaR3nz0eFMnHPQ=w1280" class="CENy8b" role="img" style="width: 100%; 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