CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head>  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-P63WKM1TM1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-P63WKM1TM1'); </script>  <script type="text/javascript" > (function(m,e,t,r,i,k,a){m[i]=m[i]||function(){(m[i].a=m[i].a||[]).push(arguments)}; m[i].l=1*new Date(); for (var j = 0; j < document.scripts.length; j++) {if (document.scripts[j].src === r) { return; }} k=e.createElement(t),a=e.getElementsByTagName(t)[0],k.async=1,k.src=r,a.parentNode.insertBefore(k,a)}) (window, document, "script", "https://mc.yandex.ru/metrika/tag.js", "ym"); ym(55165297, "init", { clickmap:false, trackLinks:true, accurateTrackBounce:true, webvisor:false }); </script> <noscript><div><img src="https://mc.yandex.ru/watch/55165297" style="position:absolute; left:-9999px;" alt="" /></div></noscript>    <title>Search results for: coal seam gas (CSG)</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: coal seam gas (CSG)"> <meta name="keywords" content="coal seam gas (CSG)"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarMenu" aria-controls="navbarMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="w-100"> <div class="d-none d-lg-flex flex-row-reverse"> <form method="get" action="https://waset.org/search" class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" type="search" placeholder="Search Conferences" value="coal seam gas (CSG)" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <button class="btn btn-light my-2 my-sm-0" type="submit"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></button> </form> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse mt-1" id="navbarMenu"> <ul class="navbar-nav ml-auto align-items-center" id="mainNavMenu"> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/conferences" title="Conferences in 2024/2025/2026">Conferences</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/disciplines" title="Disciplines">Disciplines</a> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/committees" rel="nofollow">Committees</a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="navbarDropdownPublications" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> Publications </a> <div class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="navbarDropdownPublications"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a> </div> </li> <li class="nav-item"> <a class="nav-link" href="https://waset.org/page/support" title="Support">Support</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> <main> <div class="container mt-4"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9 mx-auto"> <form method="get" action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="coal seam gas (CSG)"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 380</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: coal seam gas (CSG)</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">140</span> Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Butanol over Ag/TiO2 </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thabelo%20Nelushi">Thabelo Nelushi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Scurrell"> Michael Scurrell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tumelo%20Seadira"> Tumelo Seadira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Global warming is one of the most important environmental issues which arise from occurrence of gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) in the atmosphere. Exposure to these greenhouse gases results in health risk. Hydrogen is regarded as an alternative energy source which is a clean energy carrier for the future. There are different methods to produce hydrogen such as steam reforming, coal gasification etc., however the challenge with these processes is that they emit CO and CO2 gases and are costly. Photocatalytic reforming is a substitute process which is fascinating due to the combination of solar energy and renewable sources and the use of semiconductor materials such as catalysts. TiO2 is regarded as the most promising catalysts. TiO2 nanoparticles prepared by hydrothermal method and Ag/TiO2 are being investigated for photocatalytic production of hydrogen from butanol. The samples were characterized by raman spectroscopy, TEM/SEM, XRD, XPS, EDAX, DRS and BET surface area. 2 wt% Ag-doped TiO2 nanoparticle showed enhanced hydrogen production compared to a non-doped TiO2. The results of characterization and photoactivity shows that TiO2 nanoparticles play a very important role in producing high hydrogen by utilizing solar irradiation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=butanol" title="butanol">butanol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrogen%20production" title=" hydrogen production"> hydrogen production</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=silver%20particles" title=" silver particles"> silver particles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TiO2%20nanoparticles" title=" TiO2 nanoparticles"> TiO2 nanoparticles</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81621/photocatalytic-hydrogen-production-from-butanol-over-agtio2" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">139</span> Numerical Study for Examination of Flow Characteristics in Fractured Gas Reservoirs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20K.%20Kim">M. K. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20H.%20Shin"> C. H. Shin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=W.%20G.%20Park"> W. G. Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, natural gas resources are issued due to alternative and eco-friendly energy policies, and development of even unconventional gas resources including tight gas, coal bed methane and shale gas is being rapidly expanded from North America all over the world. For developing these gas reservoirs, it is necessary to investigate reservoir characteristics by using reservoir simulation. In reservoir simulation, calculation of permeability of fractured zone is very important to predict the gas production. However, it is difficult to accurately calculate the permeability by using conventional methods which use analytic solution for laminar flow. The flow in gas reservoirs exhibits complex flow behavior such as slip around the wall roughness effect and turbulence because the size of the apertures of fractures is ranged over various scales from nano-scale to centi-scale. Therefore, it is required to apply new reservoir flow analysis methods which can accurately consider complex gas flow owing to the geometric characteristics and distributions of various pores and flow paths within gas reservoirs. Hence, in this study, the flow characteristics and the relation between each characteristic variable was investigated and multi-effect was quantified when the fractures are compounded for devising a new calculation model of permeability of fractured zone in gas reservoirs by using CFD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fractured%20zone" title="fractured zone">fractured zone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20reservoir" title=" gas reservoir"> gas reservoir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeability" title=" permeability"> permeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFD" title=" CFD"> CFD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40950/numerical-study-for-examination-of-flow-characteristics-in-fractured-gas-reservoirs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">138</span> On the Transition of Europe’s Power Sector: Economic Consequences of National Targets</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geoffrey%20J.%20Blanford">Geoffrey J. Blanford</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christoph%20Weissbart"> Christoph Weissbart</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The prospects for the European power sector indicate that it has to almost fully decarbonize in order to reach the economy-wide target of CO<sub>2</sub>-emission reduction. We apply the EU-REGEN model to explain the penetration of RES from an economic perspective, their spatial distribution, and the complementary role of conventional generation technologies. Furthermore, we identify economic consequences of national energy and climate targets. Our study shows that onshore wind power will be the most crucial generation technology for the future European power sector. Its geographic distribution is driven by resource quality. Gas power will be the major conventional generation technology for backing-up wind power. Moreover, a complete phase out of coal power proves to be not economically optimal. The paper demonstrates that existing national targets have a negative impact, especially on the German region with higher prices and lower revenues. The remaining regions profit are hardly affected. We encourage an EU-wide coordination on the expansion of wind power with harmonized policies. Yet, this requires profitable market structures for both, RES and conventional generation technologies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=European" title="European">European</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=policy%20evaluation" title=" policy evaluation"> policy evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20sector%20investment" title=" power sector investment"> power sector investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technology%20choices" title=" technology choices"> technology choices</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49101/on-the-transition-of-europes-power-sector-economic-consequences-of-national-targets" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49101.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">137</span> Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) Based Smart Helmet for Coal Miners</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Waheeda%20Jabbar">Waheeda Jabbar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Gul"> Ali Gul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rida%20Noor"> Rida Noor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sania%20Kurd"> Sania Kurd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saba%20Gulzar"> Saba Gulzar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Hundreds of miners die from mining accidents each year due to poisonous gases found underground mining areas. This paper proposed an idea to protect the precious lives of mining workers. A supervising system is designed which is based on ZigBee wireless technique along with the smart protective helmets to detect real-time surveillance and it gives early warnings on presence of different poisonous gases in order to save mineworkers from any danger caused by these poisonous gases. A wireless sensor network is established using ZigBee wireless technique by integrating sensors on the helmet, apart from this helmet have embedded heartbeat sensor to detect the pulse rate and be aware of the physical or mental strength of a mineworker to increase the potential safety. Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is used to find the location of workers. A ZigBee based base station is set-upped to control the communication. The idea is implemented and results are verified through experiment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Arduino" title="Arduino">Arduino</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gas%20sensor%20%28MQ7%29" title=" gas sensor (MQ7)"> gas sensor (MQ7)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RFID" title=" RFID"> RFID</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wireless%20ZigBee" title=" wireless ZigBee"> wireless ZigBee</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49856/radio-frequency-identification-rfid-based-smart-helmet-for-coal-miners" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">455</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">136</span> Sectoral Energy Consumption in South Africa and Its Implication for Economic Growth</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kehinde%20Damilola%20Ilesanmi">Kehinde Damilola Ilesanmi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dev%20Datt%20Tewari"> Dev Datt Tewari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> South Africa is in its post-industrial era moving from the primary and secondary sector to the tertiary sector. The study investigated the impact of the disaggregated energy consumption (coal, oil, and electricity) on the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the economy between 1980 and 2012 in South Africa. Using vector error correction model, it was established that South Africa is an energy dependent economy, and that energy (especially electricity and oil) is a limiting factor of growth. This implies that implementation of energy conservation policies may hamper economic growth. Output growth is significantly outpacing energy supply, which has necessitated load shedding. To meet up the excess energy demand, there is a need to increase the generating capacity which will necessitate increased investment in the electricity sector as well as strategic steps to increase oil production. There is also need to explore more renewable energy sources, in order to meet the growing energy demand without compromising growth and environmental sustainability. Policy makers should also pursue energy efficiency policies especially at sectoral level of the economy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=causality" title="causality">causality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypothesis" title=" hypothesis"> hypothesis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sectoral%20output" title=" sectoral output"> sectoral output</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36529/sectoral-energy-consumption-in-south-africa-and-its-implication-for-economic-growth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36529.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">470</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">135</span> Review of K0-Factors and Related Nuclear Data of the Selected Radionuclides for Use in K0-NAA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manh-Dung%20Ho">Manh-Dung Ho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Van-Giap%20Pham"> Van-Giap Pham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Van-Doanh%20Ho"> Van-Doanh Ho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quang-Thien%20Tran"> Quang-Thien Tran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tuan-Anh%20Tran"> Tuan-Anh Tran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The k0-factors and related nuclear data, i.e. the Q0-factors and effective resonance energies (Ēr) of the selected radionuclides which are used in the k0-based neutron activation analysis (k0-NAA), were critically reviewed to be integrated in the “k0-DALAT” software. The k0- and Q0-factors of some short-lived radionuclides: 46mSc, 110Ag, 116m2In, 165mDy, and 183mW, were experimentally determined at the Dalat research reactor. The other radionuclides selected are: 20F, 36S, 49Ca, 60mCo, 60Co, 75Se, 77mSe, 86mRb, 115Cd, 115mIn, 131Ba, 134mCs, 134Cs, 153Gd, 153Sm, 159Gd, 170Tm, 177mYb, 192Ir, 197mHg, 239U and 239Np. The reviewed data as compared with the literature data were biased within 5.6-7.3% in which the experimental re-determined factors were within 6.1 and 7.3%. The NIST standard reference materials: Oyster Tissue (1566b), Montana II Soil (2711a) and Coal Fly Ash (1633b) were used to validate the new reviewed data showing that the new data gave an improved k0-NAA using the “k0-DALAT” software with a factor of 4.5-6.8% for the investigated radionuclides. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neutron%20activation%20analysis" title="neutron activation analysis">neutron activation analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=k0-based%20method" title=" k0-based method"> k0-based method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=k0%20factor" title=" k0 factor"> k0 factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Q0%20factor" title=" Q0 factor"> Q0 factor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20resonance%20energy" title=" effective resonance energy"> effective resonance energy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148104/review-of-k0-factors-and-related-nuclear-data-of-the-selected-radionuclides-for-use-in-k0-naa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148104.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">126</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">134</span> Critical Review of Oceanic and Geological Storage of Carbon Sequestration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Milad%20Nooshadi">Milad Nooshadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alessandro%20Manzardo"> Alessandro Manzardo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> CO₂ emissions in the atmosphere continue to rise, mostly as a result of the combustion of fossil fuels. CO₂ injection into the oceans and geological formation as a process of physical carbon capture are two of the most promising emerging strategies for mitigating climate change and global warming. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the two mentioned methods of CO₂ sequestration and to assess information on previous and current advancements, limitations, and uncertainties associated with carbon sequestration in order to identify possible prospects for ensuring the timely implementation of the technology, such as determining how governments and companies can gain a better understanding of CO₂ storage in terms of which media have the most applicable capacity, which type of injection has the fewer environmental impact, and how much carbon sequestration and storage will cost. The behavior of several forms is characterized as a near field, a far field, and a see-floor in ocean storage, and three medias in geological formations as an oil and gas reservoir, a saline aquifer, and a coal bed. To determine the capacity of various forms of media, an analysis of some models and practical experiments are necessary. Additionally, as a major component of sequestration, the various injection methods into diverse media and their monitoring are associated with a variety of environmental impacts and financial consequences. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20sequestration" title="carbon sequestration">carbon sequestration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ocean%20storage" title=" ocean storage"> ocean storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geologic%20storage" title=" geologic storage"> geologic storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20transportation" title=" carbon transportation"> carbon transportation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161056/critical-review-of-oceanic-and-geological-storage-of-carbon-sequestration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161056.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">102</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">133</span> Environmental Sustainability: A Renewable Energy Prospect with a Biofuel Alternative</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abul%20Quasem%20Al-Amin">Abul Quasem Al-Amin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Hasanuzzaman"> Md. Hasanuzzaman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Nurul%20Azam"> Mohammad Nurul Azam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walter%20Leal%20Filho"> Walter Leal Filho </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With regard to the future energy strategy and vision, this study aimed to find the drawbacks of proposed energy diversification policy for 2020. To have a clear picture of the drawback and competitive alternative, this study has explored two scenarios, namely Scenario a and Scenario b. The Scenario a indicates that in the year 2020 the GHG emissions would be 823,498.00 million tons (Mt) with a 2020 final demand and proposed fuel mix such as by the Five-Fuel Diversification Strategy. In contrast, as an alternative, the Scenario b with biofuel potentials indicates that the substitution of coal energy by 5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively, with biofuel, would reduce the GHG emissions from 374,551.00, 405,118.00, and 823,498.00 million tons to 339,964.00, 329,834.00, and 305,288.00 million tons, respectively, by the present fuel mix, business-as-usual fuel mix, and proposed fuel mix up to the year 2020. Therefore, this study has explored a healthy alternative by introducing biofuel renewable energy option instead of conventional energy utilization in the power generation with environmental aspect in minds. This study effort would lessen the gap between GHG mitigation and future sustainable development and would useful to formulate effective renewable energy strategy in Malaysia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title="energy">energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20impacts" title=" environmental impacts"> environmental impacts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biofuel" title=" biofuel"> biofuel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20policy" title=" energy policy "> energy policy </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18495/environmental-sustainability-a-renewable-energy-prospect-with-a-biofuel-alternative" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18495.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">486</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">132</span> Characterization and Evaluation of LD Slag and Fly Ash Mixture for Their Possible Utilization in Different Sectors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jagdeep%20Nayak">Jagdeep Nayak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biswajit%20Paul"> Biswajit Paul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anup%20Gupta"> Anup Gupta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Characterization of coal refuses to fly ash, and steel slag from steel industries have been performed to develop a mixture of both these materials to enhance strength properties of their utilization in other sectors like mine fill, construction work, etc. A large amount of Linz-Donawitz (LD) slag and fly ash waste are generated from steel and thermal power industries respectively. Management of these wastes is problematic, and their reutilization may provide a sustainable waste management option. LD slag and fly ash mixed in different proportions were tested to analyse the micro structural improvement and hardening rate of the matrix. Mixing of activators such as sodium hydroxide and potassium silicate with silica-alumina of LD slag-fly ash mixture, geopolymeric structure were found to be developed. The effect of geo-polymerization behaviour and subsequent structural rearrangement has been studied using compressibility; shear strength and permeability tests followed by micro-graphical analysis. Densification in the mixture was observed along with an improvement of geotechnical properties due to the addition of LD slag. Due to suitable strength characteristics of these two waste materials as mixture, it can be used in the various construction field or may be used as a filling material in mine voids. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LD%20slag" title="LD slag">LD slag</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly-ash" title=" fly-ash"> fly-ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geopolymer" title=" geopolymer"> geopolymer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strength%20property" title=" strength property"> strength property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressibility" title=" compressibility"> compressibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65527/characterization-and-evaluation-of-ld-slag-and-fly-ash-mixture-for-their-possible-utilization-in-different-sectors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65527.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">131</span> Heavy Metal Removal by Green Microalgae Biofilms from Industrial Wastewater</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20N.%20Makhanya">B. N. Makhanya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20F.%20Ndulini"> S. F. Ndulini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20S.%20Mthembu"> M. S. Mthembu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metals are hazardous pollutants present in both industrial and domestic wastewater. They are usually disposed directly into natural streams, and when left untreated, they are a major cause of natural degradation and diseases. This study aimed to determine the ability of microalgae to remove heavy metals from coal mine wastewater. The green algae were grown and used for heavy metal removal in a laboratory bench. The physicochemical parameters and heavy metal removal were determined at 24 hours intervals for 5 days. The highest removal efficiencies were found to be 85%, 95%, and 99%, for Fe, Zn, and Cd, respectively. Copper and aluminium both had 100%. The results also indicated that the correlation between physicochemical parameters and all heavy metals were ranging from (0.50 ≤ r ≤ 0.85) for temperature, which indicated moderate positive to a strong positive correlation, pH had a very weak negative to a very weak positive correlation (-0.27 ≤ r ≤ 0.11), and chemical oxygen demand had a fair positive to a very strong positive correlation (0.69 ≤ r ≤ 0.98). The paired t-test indicated the removal of heavy metals to be statistically significant (0.007 ≥ p ≥ 0.000). Therefore, results showed that the microalgae used in the study were capable of removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater using possible mechanisms such as binding and absorption. Compared to the currently used technology for wastewater treatment, the microalgae may be the alternative to industrial wastewater treatment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title="heavy metals">heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20wastewater" title=" industrial wastewater"> industrial wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microalgae" title=" microalgae"> microalgae</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physiochemical%20parameters" title=" physiochemical parameters"> physiochemical parameters</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121955/heavy-metal-removal-by-green-microalgae-biofilms-from-industrial-wastewater" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/121955.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">139</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">130</span> Experimental Investigation on Utilization of Waste Materials in Fly Ash Brick</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Southamirajan">S. Southamirajan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Dhavashankaran"> D. Dhavashankaran</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fly ash is one of the major residues generated during combustion of coal in thermal power plants. Fly ash brick technology is the process of converting industrial waste materials into quality building material. Another issue in earth is dumping of the Bagasse ash, rice husk ash and copper slag waste. In a growing country like India a huge amount of fly ash waste materials are polluting the environment. The necessity of recycling the materials play a big role in the development of the safe and non- polluted earth. Fly ash, lime, gypsum and quarry dust are used as a replacement material for fly ash. The fly ash was replaced by the Bagasse ash and rice husk ash in the proportion of 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5%, 20%, 22.5%, 25%27.5% and 30%. Two types of fly ash bricks were casted. One type is Bagasse ash replaced fly ash and another type is rice husk ash replaced fly ash bricks then copper slag are partially replaced in quarry dust. The prepared bricks are cured for 7 days and 28 days and dried in regular temperature. The mechanical and durability properties of optimum percentages of Bagasse ash and rice husk ash replaced fly ash bricks. The use of Bagasse ash and rice husk ash provides for considerable value – added utilization of Bagasse and rice husk in bricks and significant reductions in the production of greenhouse gases by the cement industry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bagasse%20Ash" title="Bagasse Ash">Bagasse Ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fly%20ash" title=" Fly ash"> Fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bricks" title=" bricks"> bricks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20%26%20durability%20properties" title=" mechanical & durability properties"> mechanical & durability properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rice%20husk%20ash" title=" Rice husk ash"> Rice husk ash</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120696/experimental-investigation-on-utilization-of-waste-materials-in-fly-ash-brick" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/120696.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">190</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">129</span> Characterization of Coal Fly Ash with Potential Use in the Manufacture Geopolymers to Solidify/Stabilize Heavy Metal Ions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20M.%20Fonseca%20Alfonso">P. M. Fonseca Alfonso</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20A.%20Murillo%20Ruiz"> E. A. Murillo Ruiz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Diaz%20Lagos"> M. Diaz Lagos</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Understanding the physicochemical properties and mineralogy of fly ash from a particular source is essential for to protect the environment and considering its possible applications, specifically, in the production of geopolymeric materials that solidify/stabilize heavy metals ions. The results of the characterization of three fly ash samples are shown in this paper. The samples were produced in the TERMOPAIPA IV thermal power plant in the State of Boyaca, Colombia. The particle size distribution, chemical composition, mineralogy, and molecular structure of three samples were analyzed using laser diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy respectively. The particle size distribution of the three samples probably ranges from 0.128 to 211 μm. Approximately 59 elements have been identified in the three samples. It is noticeable that the ashes are made up of aluminum and silicon compounds. Besides, the iron phase in low content was also found. According to the results found in this study, the fly ash samples type F has a great potential to be used as raw material for the manufacture of geopolymers with potential use in the stabilization/solidification of heavy metals; mainly due to the presence of amorphous aluminosilicates typical of this type of ash, which react effectively with alkali-activator. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash" title="fly ash">fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geopolymers" title=" geopolymers"> geopolymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20structure" title=" molecular structure"> molecular structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physicochemical%20properties." title=" physicochemical properties. "> physicochemical properties. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106172/characterization-of-coal-fly-ash-with-potential-use-in-the-manufacture-geopolymers-to-solidifystabilize-heavy-metal-ions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106172.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">118</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">128</span> Study of Strontium Sorption onto Indian Bentonite</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pankaj%20Pathak">Pankaj Pathak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Susmita%20Sharma"> Susmita Sharma</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Incessant industrial growth fulfill the energy demand of present day society, at the same time it produces huge amount of waste which could be hazardous or non-hazardous in nature. These wastes are coming out from different sources viz, nuclear power, thermal power, coal mines which contain different types of contaminants and one of the emergent contaminant is strontium, used in the present study. The isotope of strontium (Sr90) is radioactive in nature with half-life of 28.8 years and permissible limit of strontium in drinking water is 1.5 ppm. Above the permissible limit causes several types of diseases in human being. Therefore, safe disposal of strontium into ground becomes a biggest challenge for the researchers. In this context, bentonite is being used as an efficient material to retain strontium onto ground due to its specific physical, chemical and mineralogical properties which exhibits higher cation exchange capacity and specific surface area. These properties influence the interaction between strontium and bentonite, which is quantified by employing a parameter known as distribution coefficient. Batch test was conducted, and sorption isotherms were modelled at different interaction time. The pseudo first-order and pseudo second order kinetic models have been used to fit experimental data, which helps to determine the sorption rate and mechanism. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bentonite" title="bentonite">bentonite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interaction%20time" title=" interaction time"> interaction time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sorption" title=" sorption"> sorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strontium" title=" strontium"> strontium</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65073/study-of-strontium-sorption-onto-indian-bentonite" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65073.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">305</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">127</span> Optimization of Syngas Quality for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Rabah">Ali Rabah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research received no grant or financial support from any public, commercial, or none governmental agency. The author conducted this work as part of his normal research activities as a professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Khartoum, Sudan. Abstract While fossil oil reserves have been receding, the demand for diesel and gasoline has been growing. In recent years, syngas of biomass origin has been emerging as a viable feedstock for Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis, a process for manufacturing synthetic gasoline and diesel. This paper reports the optimization of syngas quality to match FT synthesis requirements. The optimization model maximizes the thermal efficiency under the constraint of H2/CO≥2.0 and operating conditions of equivalent ratio (0 ≤ ER ≤ 1.0), steam to biomass ratio (0 ≤ SB ≤ 5), and gasification temperature (500 °C ≤ Tg ≤ 1300 °C). The optimization model is executed using the optimization section of the Model Analysis Tools of the Aspen Plus simulator. The model is tested using eleven (11) types of MSW. The optimum operating conditions under which the objective function and the constraint are satisfied are ER=0, SB=0.66-1.22, and Tg=679 - 763°C. Under the optimum operating conditions, the syngas quality is H2=52.38 - 58.67-mole percent, LHV=12.55 - 17.15 MJ/kg, N2=0.38 - 2.33-mole percent, and H2/CO≥2.15. The generalized optimization model reported could be extended to any other type of biomass and coal. Keywords: MSW, Syngas, Optimization, Fischer-Tropsch. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=syngas" title="syngas">syngas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MSW" title=" MSW"> MSW</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fisher-Tropsh" title=" Fisher-Tropsh"> Fisher-Tropsh</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160662/optimization-of-syngas-quality-for-fischer-tropsch-synthesis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">80</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">126</span> Stress Analysis of Water Wall Tubes of a Coal-fired Boiler during Soot Blowing Operation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pratch%20Kittipongpattana">Pratch Kittipongpattana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thongchai%20Fongsamootr"> Thongchai Fongsamootr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aimed to study the influences of a soot blowing operation and geometrical variables to the stress characteristic of water wall tubes located in soot blowing areas which caused the boilers of Mae Moh power plant to lose their generation hour. The research method is divided into 2 parts (a) measuring the strain on water wall tubes by using 3-element rosette strain gages orientation during a full capacity plant operation and in periods of soot blowing operations (b) creating a finite element model in order to calculate stresses on tubes and validating the model by using experimental data in a steady state plant operation. Then, the geometrical variables in the model were changed to study stresses on the tubes. The results revealed that the stress was not affected by the soot blowing process and the finite element model gave the results 1.24% errors from the experiment. The geometrical variables influenced the stress, with the most optimum tubes design in this research reduced the average stress from the present design 31.28%. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boiler%20water%20wall%20tube" title="boiler water wall tube">boiler water wall tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element" title=" finite element"> finite element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress%20analysis" title=" stress analysis"> stress analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strain%20gage%20rosette" title=" strain gage rosette"> strain gage rosette</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45920/stress-analysis-of-water-wall-tubes-of-a-coal-fired-boiler-during-soot-blowing-operation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45920.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">125</span> Numerical and Experimental Studies on the Characteristic of the Air Distribution in the Wind-Box of a Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaozhou%20Liu">Xiaozhou Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Guangyu%20Zhu"> Guangyu Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Zhang"> Yu Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hongwei%20Wu"> Hongwei Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The wind-box is one of the important components of a Circulating Fluidized Bed (CFB) boiler. The uniformity of air flow in the wind-box of is very important for highly efficient operation of the CFB boiler. Non-uniform air flow distribution within the wind-box can reduce the boiler's thermal efficiency, leading to higher energy consumptions. An effective measure to solve this problem is to install an air flow distributing device in the wind-box. In order to validate the effectiveness of the air flow distributing device, visual and velocity distribution uniformity experiments have been carried out under five different test conditions by using a 1:64 scale model of a 220t/hr CFB boiler. It has been shown that the z component of flow velocity remains almost the same at control cross-sections of the wind-box, with a maximum variation of less than 10%. Moreover, the same methodology has been carried out to a full-scale 220t/hr CFB boiler. The hot test results depict that the thermal efficiency of the boiler has increased from 85.71% to 88.34% when tested with an air flow distributing device in place, which is equivalent to a saving of 5,000 tons of coal per year. The economic benefits of this energy-saving technology have been shown to be very significant, which clearly demonstrates that the technology is worth applying and popularizing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circulating%20fluidized%20bed" title="circulating fluidized bed">circulating fluidized bed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFB" title=" CFB"> CFB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wind-box" title=" wind-box"> wind-box</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20flow%20distributing%20device" title=" air flow distributing device"> air flow distributing device</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20experiment" title=" visual experiment"> visual experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=velocity%20distribution%20uniformity%20experiment" title=" velocity distribution uniformity experiment"> velocity distribution uniformity experiment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20test" title=" hot test"> hot test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100840/numerical-and-experimental-studies-on-the-characteristic-of-the-air-distribution-in-the-wind-box-of-a-circulating-fluidized-bed-boiler" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100840.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">176</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">124</span> Seismic Hazard Prediction Using Seismic Bumps: Artificial Neural Network Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Belkacem%20Selma">Belkacem Selma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Boumediene%20Selma"> Boumediene Selma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tourkia%20Guerzou"> Tourkia Guerzou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbes%20Labdelli"> Abbes Labdelli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Natural disasters have occurred and will continue to cause human and material damage. Therefore, the idea of "preventing" natural disasters will never be possible. However, their prediction is possible with the advancement of technology. Even if natural disasters are effectively inevitable, their consequences may be partly controlled. The rapid growth and progress of artificial intelligence (AI) had a major impact on the prediction of natural disasters and risk assessment which are necessary for effective disaster reduction. The Earthquakes prediction to prevent the loss of human lives and even property damage is an important factor; that is why it is crucial to develop techniques for predicting this natural disaster. This present study aims to analyze the ability of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict earthquakes that occur in a given area. The used data describe the problem of high energy (higher than 10^4J) seismic bumps forecasting in a coal mine using two long walls as an example. For this purpose, seismic bumps data obtained from mines has been analyzed. The results obtained show that the ANN with high accuracy was able to predict earthquake parameters; the classification accuracy through neural networks is more than 94%, and that the models developed are efficient and robust and depend only weakly on the initial database. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=earthquake%20prediction" title="earthquake prediction">earthquake prediction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ANN" title=" ANN"> ANN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20bumps" title=" seismic bumps"> seismic bumps</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148564/seismic-hazard-prediction-using-seismic-bumps-artificial-neural-network-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148564.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">123</span> Significant Aspects and Drivers of Germany and Australia's Energy Policy from a Political Economy Perspective</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sarah%20Niklas">Sarah Niklas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lynne%20Chester"> Lynne Chester</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Diesendorf"> Mark Diesendorf</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Geopolitical tensions, climate change and recent movements favouring a transformative shift in institutional power structures have influenced the economics of conventional energy supply for decades. This study takes a multi-dimensional approach to illustrate the potential of renewable energy (RE) technology to provide a pathway to a low-carbon economy driven by ecologically sustainable, independent and socially just energy. This comparative analysis identifies economic, political and social drivers that shaped the adoption of RE policy in two significantly different economies, Germany and Australia, with strong and weak commitments to RE respectively. Two complementary political-economy theories frame the document-based analysis. Régulation Theory, inspired by Marxist ideas and strongly influenced by contemporary economic problems, provides the background to explore the social relationships contributing the adoption of RE within the macro-economy. Varieties of Capitalism theory, a more recently developed micro-economic approach, examines the nature of state-firm relationships. Together these approaches provide a comprehensive lens of analysis. Germany’s energy policy transformed substantially over the second half of the last century. The development is characterised by the coordination of societal, environmental and industrial demands throughout the advancement of capitalist regimes. In the Fordist regime, mass production based on coal drove Germany’s astounding economic recovery during the post-war period. Economic depression and the instability of institutional arrangements necessitated the impulsive seeking of national security and energy independence. During the postwar Flexi-Fordist period, quality-based production, innovation and technology-based competition schemes, particularly with regard to political power structures in and across Europe, favoured the adoption of RE. Innovation, knowledge and education were institutionalized, leading to the legislation of environmental concerns. Lastly the establishment of government-industry-based coordinative programs supported the phase out of nuclear power and the increased adoption of RE during the last decade. Australia’s energy policy is shaped by the country’s richness in mineral resources. Energy policy largely served coal mining, historically and currently one of the most capital-intense industry. Assisted by the macro-economic dimensions of institutional arrangements, social and financial capital is orientated towards the export-led and strongly demand-oriented economy. Here energy policy serves the maintenance of capital accumulation in the mining sector and the emerging Asian economies. The adoption of supportive renewable energy policy would challenge the distinct role of the mining industry within the (neo)-liberal market economy. The state’s protective role of the mining sector has resulted in weak commitment to RE policy and investment uncertainty in the energy sector. Recent developments, driven by strong public support for RE, emphasize the sense of community in urban and rural areas and the emergence of a bottom-up approach to adopt renewables. Thus, political economy frameworks on both the macro-economic (Regulation Theory) and micro-economic (Varieties of Capitalism theory) scales can together explain the strong commitment to RE in Germany vis-à-vis the weak commitment in Australia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=political%20economy" title="political economy">political economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regulation%20theory" title=" regulation theory"> regulation theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy" title=" renewable energy"> renewable energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20relationships" title=" social relationships"> social relationships</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20transitions" title=" energy transitions"> energy transitions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24910/significant-aspects-and-drivers-of-germany-and-australias-energy-policy-from-a-political-economy-perspective" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24910.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">122</span> Building Bricks Made of Fly-Ash Mixed with Sand or Ceramic Dust: Synthesis and a Comparative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20R.%20Shattique">Md. R. Shattique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20T.%20Zaki"> Md. T. Zaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20G.%20Kibria"> Md. G. Kibria</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fly-ash bricks give a comprehensive solution towards recycling of fly-ash and since there is no requirement of firing to produce them, they are also eco-friendly bricks; little or no carbon-dioxide is emitted during their entire production cycle. As bricks are the most essential and widely utilized building materials in the construction industry, the significance of developing an alternate eco-friendly brick is substantial in modern times. In this paper, manufacturing and potential utilization of Fly-ash made building bricks have been studied and was found to be a prospective substitute for fired clay bricks that contribute greatly to polluting the environment. Also, a comparison between sand made and ceramic dust made Fly-ash bricks have been carried out experimentally. The ceramic dust made bricks seem to show higher compressive strength at lower unit volume weight compared to sand made Fly-ash bricks. Moreover, the water absorption capacity of ceramic dust Fly-ash bricks was lower than sand made bricks. Then finally a statistical comparison between fired clay bricks and fly-ash bricks were carried out. All the requirements for good quality building bricks are matched by the fly-ash bricks. All the facts from this study pointed out that these bricks give a new opportunity for being an alternate building material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20fly-ash" title="coal fly-ash">coal fly-ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic%20dust" title=" ceramic dust"> ceramic dust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=burnt%20clay%20bricks" title=" burnt clay bricks"> burnt clay bricks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand" title=" sand"> sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gypsum" title=" gypsum"> gypsum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorption%20capacity" title=" absorption capacity"> absorption capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unit%20volume%20weight" title=" unit volume weight"> unit volume weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=compressive%20strength" title=" compressive strength"> compressive strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17049/building-bricks-made-of-fly-ash-mixed-with-sand-or-ceramic-dust-synthesis-and-a-comparative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17049.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">121</span> Retrofitting Cement Plants with Oxyfuel Technology for Carbon Capture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peloriadi%20Konstantina">Peloriadi Konstantina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fakis%20Dimitris"> Fakis Dimitris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grammelis%20Panagiotis"> Grammelis Panagiotis</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Methods for carbon capture and storage (CCS) can play a key role in the reduction of industrial CO₂ emissions, especially in the cement industry, which accounts for 7% of global emissions. Cement industries around the world have committed to address this problem by reaching carbon neutrality by the year 2050. The aim of the work to be presented was to contribute to the decarbonization strategy by integrating the 1st generation oxyfuel technology in cement production plants. This technology has been shown to improve fuel efficiency while providing one of the most cost-effective solutions when compared to other capture methods. A validated simulation of the cement plant was thus used as a basis to develop an oxyfuel retrofitted cement process. The process model for the oxyfuel technology is developed on the ASPEN (Advanced System for Process Engineering) PLUSTM simulation software. This process consists of an Air Separation Unit (ASU), an oxyfuel cement plant with coal and alternative solid fuel (ASF) as feedstock, and a carbon dioxide processing unit (CPU). A detailed description and analysis of the CPU will be presented, including the findings of a literature review and simulation results, regarding the effects of flue gas impurities during operation. Acknowledgment: This research has been conducted in the framework of the EU funded AC2OCEM project, which investigates first and the second generation oxyfuel concepts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxyfuel%20technology" title="oxyfuel technology">oxyfuel technology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20capture%20and%20storage" title=" carbon capture and storage"> carbon capture and storage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82%20processing%20unit" title=" CO₂ processing unit"> CO₂ processing unit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cement" title=" cement"> cement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aspen%20plus" title=" aspen plus"> aspen plus</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143622/retrofitting-cement-plants-with-oxyfuel-technology-for-carbon-capture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/143622.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">193</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">120</span> Strategy for Energy Industry and Oil Complex of Russia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Sik%20Kim">Young Sik Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tae%20Kwon%20Ha"> Tae Kwon Ha</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Russia was one of the world’s leading mineral- producing countries. In 2012, Russia was ranked among the world’s leading producers or was a leading regional producer of such mineral commodities as aluminum, arsenic, asbestos, bauxite, boron, cadmium, cement, coal, cobalt, copper, diamond, fluorspar, gold, iron ore, lime, magnesium compounds and metals, mica (flake, scrap, and sheet), natural gas, nickel, nitrogen, oil shale, palladium, peat, petroleum, phosphate, pig iron, platinum, potash, rhenium, silicon, steel, sulfur, titanium sponge, tungsten, and vanadium. Russia has large reserves of a variety of mineral resources and undoubtedly will continue to be one of the world’s leading mineral producers. Although the country’s economy is expected to grow in 2012, some problems are likely to remain. In 2011, the Russian economy returned to economic growth after the significant decline in 2010. According to some analysts, however, the recovery of 2011 did not appear sufficiently vigorous to carry the country’s strong economic growth into the next decade. Even in the sectors of the economy where the country is among the world leaders (ferrous metals, gas, petroleum), Russian industry has obsolete plants and equipment, a slow rate of innovation, and low labor productivity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20resources" title=" energy resources"> energy resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20growth" title=" economic growth"> economic growth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategy" title=" strategy"> strategy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20complex" title=" oil complex"> oil complex</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26117/strategy-for-energy-industry-and-oil-complex-of-russia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26117.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">601</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">119</span> Thermal-Fluid Characteristics of Heating Element in Rotary Heat Exchanger in Accordance with Fouling Phenomena</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Young%20Mun%20Lee">Young Mun Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seon%20Ho%20Kim"> Seon Ho Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seok%20Min%20Choi"> Seok Min Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=JeongJu%20Kim"> JeongJu Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seungyeong%20Choi"> Seungyeong Choi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyung%20Hee%20Cho"> Hyung Hee Cho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To decrease sulfur oxide in the flue gas from coal power plant, a flue gas de-sulfurization facility is operated. In the reactor, a chemical reaction occurs with a temperature change of the gas so that sulfur oxide is removed and cleaned air is emitted. In this process, temperature change induces a serious problem which is a cold erosion of stack. To solve this problem, the rotary heat exchanger is managed before the stack. In the heat exchanger, a heating element is equipped to increase a heat transfer area. Heat transfer and pressure loss is a big issue to improve a performance. In this research, thermal-fluid characteristics of the heating element are analyzed by computational fluid dynamics. Fouling simulation is also conducted to calculate a performance of heating element. Numerical analysis is performed on the situation where plugging phenomenon has already occurred and existed in the inlet region of the heating element. As the pressure of the rear part of the plugging decreases suddenly and the flow velocity becomes slower, it is found that the flow is gathered from both sides as it develops in the flow direction, and it is confirmed that the pressure difference due to plugging is increased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heating%20element" title="heating element">heating element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plugging" title=" plugging"> plugging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotary%20heat%20exchanger" title=" rotary heat exchanger"> rotary heat exchanger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20fluid%20characteristics" title=" thermal fluid characteristics"> thermal fluid characteristics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80525/thermal-fluid-characteristics-of-heating-element-in-rotary-heat-exchanger-in-accordance-with-fouling-phenomena" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80525.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">485</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">118</span> The Mineral and Petroleum Sectors of Papua New Guinea: An Overview</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20Wapyer">James Wapyer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Simon%20A.%20Kawagle"> Simon A. Kawagle</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The current downturn in the metal and oil prices has significantly affected the mineral and petroleum sectors of Papua New Guinea. The sectors have not grown substantially in the last three years compared to previous years. Resources of several projects have not been proved up as well as feasibility studies not undertaken on advanced projects. In the 2012-2015 periods, however, development licences for four projects have been granted - the Solwara-1 project in the Manus Basin, the Woodlark project, the Crater Mountains project and the Stanley gas-condensate project. There has been some progress on three advanced projects – Frieda River copper-gold porphyry, Mount Kare gold, and the Wafi-Golpu projects. The oilfields are small by world standard but have been high rates of production. The developments of liquefied natural gas projects are progressing well and the first LNG project with ExxonMobil and partners shipped its first cargo in May 2014, the second with Total and partners involving Elk-Antelope gas-condensate fields is in its development stage, and the third with Horizon Oil and partners involving gas fields in the western Papuan basin is in the planning stage. Significantly, in the years 2012-2015, the country has exported liquefied natural gas, nickel, cobalt and chromium, and has granted exploration licences for iron-sands and coal measures for the first time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exploration" title="exploration">exploration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mineral" title=" mineral"> mineral</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Papua%20New%20Guinea" title=" Papua New Guinea"> Papua New Guinea</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petroleum" title=" petroleum"> petroleum</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68944/the-mineral-and-petroleum-sectors-of-papua-new-guinea-an-overview" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/68944.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">270</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">117</span> Indoor Air Pollution: A Major Threat to Human Health</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pooja%20Rawat">Pooja Rawat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakhi%20Tyagi"> Rakhi Tyagi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Globally, almost 3 billion people rely on biomass (wood, charcoal, dung and crop residues) and coal as their primary source of domestic energy. Cooking and heating with solid fuels on open fire give rise to major pollutants. Women are primarily affected by these pollutants as they spend most of their time in the house. The WHO World Health Report 2002 estimates that indoor air pollution (IAP) is responsible for 2.7% of the loss of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) worldwide and 3.7% in high mortality developing countries. Indoor air pollution has the potential to not only impact health, but also impact the general economic well-being of the household. Exposure to high level of household pollution lead to acute and chronic respiratory conditions (e.g.: pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and cataract). There has been many strategies for reducing IAP like subsidize cleaner fuel technologies, for example use of kerosene rather than traditional biomass fuels. Another example is development, promotion of 'improved cooking stoves'. India, likely ranks second- distributing over 12 million improved stoves in the first seven years of a national program to develop. IAP should be reduced by understanding the welfare effects of reducing IAP within households and to understanding the most cost effective way to reduce it. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20fire" title="open fire">open fire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20pollution" title=" indoor pollution"> indoor pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20diseases" title=" lung diseases"> lung diseases</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20air%20pollution" title=" indoor air pollution"> indoor air pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27246/indoor-air-pollution-a-major-threat-to-human-health" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27246.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">116</span> Recommended Practice for Experimental Evaluation of the Seepage Sensitivity Damage of Coalbed Methane Reservoirs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hao%20Liu">Hao Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lihui%20Zheng"> Lihui Zheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinedu%20J.%20Okere"> Chinedu J. Okere</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chao%20Wang"> Chao Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiangchun%20Wang"> Xiangchun Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peng%20Zhang"> Peng Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The coalbed methane (CBM) extraction industry (an unconventional energy source) is yet to promulgated an established standard code of practice for the experimental evaluation of sensitivity damage of coal samples. The existing experimental process of previous researches mainly followed the industry standard for conventional oil and gas reservoirs (CIS). However, the existing evaluation method ignores certain critical differences between CBM reservoirs and conventional reservoirs, which could inevitably result in an inaccurate evaluation of sensitivity damage and, eventually, poor decisions regarding the formulation of formation damage prevention measures. In this study, we propose improved experimental guidelines for evaluating seepage sensitivity damage of CBM reservoirs by leveraging on the shortcomings of the existing methods. The proposed method was established via a theoretical analysis of the main drawbacks of the existing methods and validated through comparative experiments. The results show that the proposed evaluation technique provided reliable experimental results that can better reflect actual reservoir conditions and correctly guide future development of CBM reservoirs. This study is pioneering the research on the optimization of experimental parameters for efficient exploration and development of CBM reservoirs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coalbed%20methane" title="coalbed methane">coalbed methane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=formation%20damage" title=" formation damage"> formation damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeability" title=" permeability"> permeability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconventional%20energy%20source" title=" unconventional energy source"> unconventional energy source</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137912/recommended-practice-for-experimental-evaluation-of-the-seepage-sensitivity-damage-of-coalbed-methane-reservoirs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">115</span> Residual Affects of Humic Matter from Sub-Bituminous in Binding Aluminium at Oxisol to Increase Production of Upland Rice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herviyanti">Herviyanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gusnidar"> Gusnidar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Harianti"> M. Harianti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of this research were: a) using low-rank coal (subbituminous) as main humate material sources because this material will not be anthracite, and cannot using to be an energy sources b) to examine residual effects of humic matter from subbituminous which was combined with P fertilizers to adsorp Al and Fe metal, improving soil fertility, and increasing P fertilizing efficiency and Oxisol productivity. Therefore, optimalization crop productivity of upland rice can be achieved. The experiment was designed using a 3 x 4 factorial with 3 replications in randomly groups design. The 1st factor was 3 ways incubating humate material with P-fertilizer, which are: I1 = Incubation of humate material 1 week, then incubation P-fertilizers 1 week; I2 = Incubation of humate materials and P fertilizers directly into the soil for 2 weeks; and I3 = humate material and P fertilizer mixed for 1 week, then incubation to the soil for 1 week. The 2nd factor was residual effects of humate material and P-fertilizer combination which are 4 doses H1 = 400 ppm (0.8 Mg/ha) + 100% R; H2 = 400 ppm + 75% R; H3 = 800 ppm (1.6 Mg/ha) + 100% R,; and H4 = 800 ppm + 75% R. The 2nd year research results showed that the best treatment was founded residue effect of 800 ppm humate material and 100% R P-fertilizer doses in I3 way incubation that is equal to 6.19 t ha-1 upland rice yield. However, this result is almost the same as residual effects of 800 ppm humate material + 75% R P-fertilizer doses and upland rice yield the 1st year. It was concluded that addition of humate material can given the efficiency of P-fertilizer using up to 25% until the 2nd season planted. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humate%20materials" title="humate materials">humate materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P-fertilizer" title=" P-fertilizer"> P-fertilizer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subbituminous" title=" subbituminous"> subbituminous</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=upland%20rice" title=" upland rice"> upland rice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23706/residual-affects-of-humic-matter-from-sub-bituminous-in-binding-aluminium-at-oxisol-to-increase-production-of-upland-rice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23706.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">114</span> Contribution of the Cogeneration Systems to Environment and Sustainability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kemal%20%C3%87omakli">Kemal Çomakli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=U%C4%9Fur%20%C3%87akir"> Uğur Çakir</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ay%C5%9Feg%C3%BCl%20%C3%87okgez%20Ku%C5%9F"> Ayşegül Çokgez Kuş</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Erol%20%C5%9Eahin"> Erol Şahin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Kind of energy that buildings need changes in various types, like heating energy, cooling energy, electrical energy and thermal energy for hot top water. Usually the processes or systems produce thermal energy causes emitting pollutant emissions while they produce heat because of fossil fuels they use. A lower consumption of thermal energy will contribute not only to a reduction in the running costs, but also in the reduction of pollutant emissions that contribute to the greenhouse effect and a lesser dependence of the hospital on the external power supply. Cogeneration or CHP (Combined heat and Power) is the system that produces power and usable heat simultaneously. Combined production of mechanical or electrical and thermal energy using a simple energy source, such as oil, coal, natural or liquefied gas, biomass or the sun; affords remarkable energy savings and frequently makes it possible to operate with greater efficiency when compared to a system producing heat and power separately. Because of the life standard of humanity in new age, energy sources must be continually and best qualified. For this reason the installation of a system for the simultaneous generation of electrical, heating and cooling energy would be one of the best solutions if we want to have qualified energy and reduce investment and operating costs and meet ecological requirements. This study aims to bring out the contributions of cogeneration systems to the environment and sustainability by saving the energy and reducing the emissions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title="sustainability">sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cogeneration%20systems" title=" cogeneration systems"> cogeneration systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20economy" title=" energy economy"> energy economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20saving" title=" energy saving"> energy saving</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31136/contribution-of-the-cogeneration-systems-to-environment-and-sustainability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31136.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">113</span> Sustainable Manufacturing and Performance of Ceramic Membranes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Obsi%20Terfasa">Obsi Terfasa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhanupriya%20Das"> Bhanupriya Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mithilish%20Passawan"> Mithilish Passawan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The large-scale application of microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology is significantly hindered by the high cost of the commonly used proton exchange membrane, Nafion. This has led to the recent development of ceramic membranes using various clay minerals. This study evaluates the characteristics and potential use of a new ceramic membrane made from potter’s clay © mixed with different proportions (0, 5, 10 wt%) of fly ash (FA), labeled as CFA0, CFA5, CFA10, for cost-effective and sustainable MFC use. Among these, the CFA10 membrane demonstrated superior quality with a fine pore size distribution (average 0.41 μm), which supports higher water uptake and reduced oxygen diffusion. Its oxygen mass transfer coefficient was 4.13 ± 0.13 × 10⁻⁴ cm/s, about 40% lower than the control. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the CFA membrane is rich in quartz, which enhances proton conductance and water retention. Electrochemical kinetics studies, including cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), also confirmed the effectiveness of the CFA10 membrane in MFC, showing a peak current output of 15.35 mA and low ohmic resistance (78.2 Ω). The novel CFA10 ceramic membrane, incorporating coal fly ash, a waste material, shows promise for high MFC performance at a significantly reduced cost (96%), making it suitable for sustainable scaling up of the technology. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ceramic%20membrane" title="ceramic membrane">ceramic membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Coulombic%20efficiency" title=" Coulombic efficiency"> Coulombic efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electro-chemical%20kinetics" title=" electro-chemical kinetics"> electro-chemical kinetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash" title=" fly ash"> fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proton%20conductivity" title=" proton conductivity"> proton conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microbial%20fuel%20cell" title=" microbial fuel cell"> microbial fuel cell</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190549/sustainable-manufacturing-and-performance-of-ceramic-membranes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190549.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">36</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">112</span> Phillips Curve Estimation in an Emerging Economy: Evidence from Sub-National Data of Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harry%20Aginta">Harry Aginta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using Phillips curve framework, this paper seeks for new empirical evidence on the relationship between inflation and output in a major emerging economy. By exploiting sub-national data, the contribution of this paper is threefold. First, it resolves the issue of using on-target national inflation rates that potentially causes weakening inflation-output nexus. This is very relevant for Indonesia as its central bank has been adopting inflation targeting framework based on national consumer price index (CPI) inflation. Second, the study tests the relevance of mining sector in output gap estimation. The test for mining sector is important to control for the effects of mining regulation and nominal effects of coal prices on real economic activities. Third, the paper applies panel econometric method by incorporating regional variation that help to improve model estimation. The results from this paper confirm the strong presence of Phillips curve in Indonesia. Positive output gap that reflects excess demand condition gives rise to the inflation rates. In addition, the elasticity of output gap is higher if the mining sector is excluded from output gap estimation. In addition to inflation adaptation, the dynamics of exchange rate and international commodity price are also found to affect inflation significantly. The results are robust to the alternative measurement of output gap <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Phillips%20curve" title="Phillips curve">Phillips curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inflation" title=" inflation"> inflation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesia" title=" Indonesia"> Indonesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=panel%20data" title=" panel data"> panel data</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142577/phillips-curve-estimation-in-an-emerging-economy-evidence-from-sub-national-data-of-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142577.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">111</span> Investigation of Structural and Optical Properties of Coal Fly Ash Thin Film Doped with T𝒊O₂ Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rawan%20Aljabbari">Rawan Aljabbari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thamer%20Alomayri"> Thamer Alomayri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faisal%20G.%20Al-Maqate"> Faisal G. Al-Maqate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abeer%20Al%20Suwat"> Abeer Al Suwat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For environmentally friendly innovative technologies and a sustainable future, fly ash/TiO₂ thin film nanocomposites are essential. Fly ash will be doped with titanium dioxide in this work in order to better understand its optical characteristics and employ it in semiconductor electrical devices. This study focused on the structure, morphology, and optical properties of fly ash/TiO₂ thin films. The spin-coating technique was used to create thin coatings of fly ash/TiO₂. For the first time, the doping of TiO₂ in the fly ash host at ratios of 1, 2, and 3 wt% was investigated with the thickness of all samples fixed. When compared to undoped thin films, the surface morphology of the doped thin films was improved. The weakly crystalline structure of the doped fly ash films was verified by XRD. The optical bandgap energy of these films was successfully reduced by the TiO₂ doping, going from 3.9 to 3.5 eV. With increasing dopant concentration, the value of Urbach energy is increasing. The optical band gap is clearly in opposition to the disorder. While it considerably improved the optical conductivity to a value of 4.1 x 10^9 s^(-1), it also raised the refractive index and extinction coefficient. Depending on the TiO₂ doping ratio, the transmittance decreased, and the reflection increased. As the TiO₂ concentration rises, the absorption of photon energy rises, and the absorption coefficient of photon energy is reduced. results in their possible use as solar energy and semiconductor materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash" title="fly ash">fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20analysis" title=" structural analysis"> structural analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20properties" title=" optical properties"> optical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title=" morphology"> morphology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178291/investigation-of-structural-and-optical-properties-of-coal-fly-ash-thin-film-doped-with-to2-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/178291.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">86</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20seam%20gas%20%28CSG%29&page=8" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20seam%20gas%20%28CSG%29&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20seam%20gas%20%28CSG%29&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20seam%20gas%20%28CSG%29&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20seam%20gas%20%28CSG%29&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20seam%20gas%20%28CSG%29&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20seam%20gas%20%28CSG%29&page=6">6</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20seam%20gas%20%28CSG%29&page=7">7</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20seam%20gas%20%28CSG%29&page=8">8</a></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">9</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20seam%20gas%20%28CSG%29&page=10">10</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20seam%20gas%20%28CSG%29&page=11">11</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20seam%20gas%20%28CSG%29&page=12">12</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20seam%20gas%20%28CSG%29&page=13">13</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coal%20seam%20gas%20%28CSG%29&page=10" rel="next">&rsaquo;</a></li> </ul> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/WASET-16th-foundational-anniversary.pdf">WASET celebrates its 16th foundational anniversary</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Account <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile">My Account</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Explore <li><a href="https://waset.org/disciplines">Disciplines</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conferences">Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/conference-programs">Conference Program</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/committees">Committees</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Research <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts">Abstracts</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org">Periodicals</a></li> <li><a href="https://publications.waset.org/archive">Archive</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Open Science <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Philosophy.pdf">Open Science Philosophy</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Science-Award.pdf">Open Science Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Open-Society-Open-Science-and-Open-Innovation.pdf">Open Innovation</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Postdoctoral-Fellowship-Award.pdf">Postdoctoral Fellowship Award</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" href="https://publications.waset.org/static/files/Scholarly-Research-Review.pdf">Scholarly Research Review</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> Support <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">Support</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/profile/messages/create">Report Abuse</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container text-center"> <hr style="margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.3rem;"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" class="text-muted small">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a> <div id="copy" class="mt-2">© 2024 World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology</div> </div> </footer> <a href="javascript:" id="return-to-top"><i class="fas fa-arrow-up"></i></a> <div class="modal" id="modal-template"> <div class="modal-dialog"> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="row m-0 mt-1"> <div class="col-md-12"> <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button> </div> </div> <div class="modal-body"></div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script> <script src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/js/site.js?v=150220211556"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function() { /*jQuery.get("https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", function (response) { jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); });*/ jQuery.get({ url: "https://publications.waset.org/xhr/user-menu", cache: false }).then(function(response){ jQuery('#mainNavMenu').append(response); }); }); </script> </body> </html>