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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Heraldry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Heraldry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Heraldry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Location </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology_and_terrain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology_and_terrain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Geology and terrain </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology_and_terrain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Environment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Layout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Layout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Layout </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Layout-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Layout subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Layout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lower_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lower_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Lower city </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lower_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_rebuilt_after_1945" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_rebuilt_after_1945"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 City rebuilt after 1945 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_rebuilt_after_1945-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neighbourhoods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neighbourhoods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.2 Neighbourhoods </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neighbourhoods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southern_districts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southern_districts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.3 Southern districts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southern_districts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upper_town" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upper_town"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Upper town </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upper_town-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Transport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Urban_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Urban transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics_and_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics_and_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Politics and administration </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics_and_administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Politics and administration subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Politics_and_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Political_trends_and_results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Political_trends_and_results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Political trends and results </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Political_trends_and_results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Municipal_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Municipal_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Municipal administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Municipal_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mayors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Mayors </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_institutions_and_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_institutions_and_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Public institutions and services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_institutions_and_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 National politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_and_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Twin towns and sister cities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_and_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Demographics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 General </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Port" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Port"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Port </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Port-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Industry </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Services_sector" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Services_sector"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 Services sector </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Services_sector-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Events_and_festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events_and_festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Events and festivals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events_and_festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_heritage_and_architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_heritage_and_architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Cultural heritage and architecture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultural_heritage_and_architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Churches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Churches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Churches </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Churches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4 Museums </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Museum_of_modern_art_André_Malraux_–_MuMa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museum_of_modern_art_André_Malraux_–_MuMa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4.1 Museum of modern art André Malraux – MuMa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museum_of_modern_art_André_Malraux_–_MuMa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musée_du_Vieux_Havre_(Museum_of_old_Le_Havre)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musée_du_Vieux_Havre_(Museum_of_old_Le_Havre)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4.2 Musée du Vieux Havre (Museum of old Le Havre) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musée_du_Vieux_Havre_(Museum_of_old_Le_Havre)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musée_d'histoire_naturelle_(Museum_of_Natural_History)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musée_d'histoire_naturelle_(Museum_of_Natural_History)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4.3 Musée d'histoire naturelle (Museum of Natural History) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musée_d'histoire_naturelle_(Museum_of_Natural_History)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_Shipowner's_house" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Shipowner's_house"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4.4 The Shipowner's house </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Shipowner's_house-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museum_of_the_Priory_of_Graville" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museum_of_the_Priory_of_Graville"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4.5 Museum of the Priory of Graville </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museum_of_the_Priory_of_Graville-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4.6 Others </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theatres,_auditoriums_and_concerts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatres,_auditoriums_and_concerts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.5 Theatres, auditoriums and concerts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatres,_auditoriums_and_concerts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries_and_archives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries_and_archives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.6 Libraries and archives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries_and_archives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Representations_in_visual_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Representations_in_visual_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.7 Representations in visual arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Representations_in_visual_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.8 Cinema </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.9 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.10 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Board_game" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Board_game"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.11 Board game </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Board_game-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Norman_language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Norman_language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.12 Norman language </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Norman_language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Education </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Education subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Public_junior_high_schools_(collèges)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_junior_high_schools_(collèges)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1.1 Public junior high schools (collèges) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_junior_high_schools_(collèges)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_junior_high_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_junior_high_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1.2 Private junior high schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_junior_high_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_sixth-form_colleges/senior_high_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_sixth-form_colleges/senior_high_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1.3 Public sixth-form colleges/senior high schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_sixth-form_colleges/senior_high_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_sixth-form_colleges/senior_high_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_sixth-form_colleges/senior_high_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1.4 Private sixth-form colleges/senior high schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_sixth-form_colleges/senior_high_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_vocational_high_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_vocational_high_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1.5 Public vocational high schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_vocational_high_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_vocational_high_schools" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_vocational_high_schools"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1.6 Private vocational high schools </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_vocational_high_schools-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Special_schools_and_higher_education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Special_schools_and_higher_education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.2 Special schools and higher education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Special_schools_and_higher_education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Sports </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Sports subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Facilities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Media </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Media subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Notable people </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notable people subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.1 Sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Others,_associated_with_the_city" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others,_associated_with_the_city"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14.2 Others, associated with the city </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others,_associated_with_the_city-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.1 Footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> 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</nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Le Havre</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 107 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-107" aria-hidden="true" > 107 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1" title="لو هافر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لو هافر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havr" title="Havr – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Havr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لو آور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لو آور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80" title="Гавр – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Гавр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%80" title="Гаўр – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Гаўр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D1%9E%D1%80" title="Гаўр – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Гаўр" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Хавър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хавър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Havr-Nevez" title="An Havr-Nevez – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="An Havr-Nevez" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80" title="Гавр – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Гавр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AC%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%B7" title="Χάβρη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χάβρη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Havre" title="El Havre – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="El Havre" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havro" title="Havro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Havro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لو آور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لو آور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A5%B4%EC%95%84%EB%B8%8C%EB%A5%B4" title="르아브르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="르아브르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%BE%D6%80" title="Հավր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հավր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80" title="Гавр – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Гавр" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%94_%D7%94%D7%90%D7%91%D7%A8" title="לה האבר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לה האבר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ჰავრი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჰავრი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80" title="Гавр – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Гавр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80" title="Гавр – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Гавр" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franciscopolis_(Francia)" title="Franciscopolis (Francia) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Franciscopolis (Francia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havra" title="Havra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Havra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havras" title="Havras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Havras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%80" title="Авр – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Авр" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="ला आव्र – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ला आव्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%B1" title="لو هافر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لو هافر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لو اور – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="لو اور" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B4%E3%83%AB" title="ル・アーヴル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ル・アーヴル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B3%D3%80" title="ГавгӀ – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ГавгӀ" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9_H%C3%A2vre" title="Lé Hâvre – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Lé Hâvre" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavr" title="Gavr – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gavr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C_%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لی ہاور – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لی ہاور" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawr" title="Hawr – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Hawr" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AC%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%B7" title="Χάβρη – Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Χάβρη" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ποντιακά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80" title="Гавр – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гавр" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88_%DA%BE%D8%A7%DA%A4%D8%B1%DB%95" title="لو ھاڤرە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لو ھاڤرە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B2%D1%80" title="Авр – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Авр" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%87_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="லே ஆவர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="லே ஆவர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80" title="Һавр – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Һавр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="เลออาฟวร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เลออาฟวร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80" title="Гавр – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гавр" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88_%D8%A2%D9%88%D8%B1" title="لو آور – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لو آور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E9%98%BF%E5%BC%97%E5%B0%94" title="勒阿弗尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="勒阿弗尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E8%8F%AF" title="夏華 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="夏華" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Le Havre" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E9%98%BF%E5%BC%97%E5%B0%94" title="勒阿弗尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="勒阿弗尔" data-language-autonym="中文" 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Le_Havre&params=49.49_N_0.1_E_type:city(166058)_region:FR-NOR">49°29′N 0°06′E / 49.49°N 0.10°E / 49.49; 0.10</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Normandy, France</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Le Havre (disambiguation)">Le Havre (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Subprefecture and commune in Normandy, France</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Le Havre</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="{{{native_name_lang}}}">Lé Hâvre (<a href="/wiki/Norman_language" title="Norman language">Norman</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">Subprefecture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France" title="Communes of France">commune</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:157px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_of_Le_Havre,_September_2019.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Panorama_of_Le_Havre%2C_September_2019.jpg/288px-Panorama_of_Le_Havre%2C_September_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Panorama_of_Le_Havre%2C_September_2019.jpg/432px-Panorama_of_Le_Havre%2C_September_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Panorama_of_Le_Havre%2C_September_2019.jpg/576px-Panorama_of_Le_Havre%2C_September_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5539" data-file-height="3030" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:115px;max-width:115px"><div style="height:170px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_Havre_(France),_so-called_Fort_Chabrol_building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Le_Havre_%28France%29%2C_so-called_Fort_Chabrol_building.jpg/113px-Le_Havre_%28France%29%2C_so-called_Fort_Chabrol_building.jpg" decoding="async" width="113" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Le_Havre_%28France%29%2C_so-called_Fort_Chabrol_building.jpg/170px-Le_Havre_%28France%29%2C_so-called_Fort_Chabrol_building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Le_Havre_%28France%29%2C_so-called_Fort_Chabrol_building.jpg/226px-Le_Havre_%28France%29%2C_so-called_Fort_Chabrol_building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:173px;max-width:173px"><div style="height:170px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_Havre,_France_(45744371835).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Le_Havre%2C_France_%2845744371835%29.jpg/171px-Le_Havre%2C_France_%2845744371835%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="171" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Le_Havre%2C_France_%2845744371835%29.jpg/257px-Le_Havre%2C_France_%2845744371835%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Le_Havre%2C_France_%2845744371835%29.jpg/342px-Le_Havre%2C_France_%2845744371835%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2000" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:86px;max-width:86px"><div style="height:132px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_Saint-Vincent_in_Le_Havre_(France).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Church_Saint-Vincent_in_Le_Havre_%28France%29.jpg/84px-Church_Saint-Vincent_in_Le_Havre_%28France%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Church_Saint-Vincent_in_Le_Havre_%28France%29.jpg/126px-Church_Saint-Vincent_in_Le_Havre_%28France%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Church_Saint-Vincent_in_Le_Havre_%28France%29.jpg/168px-Church_Saint-Vincent_in_Le_Havre_%28France%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2606" data-file-height="4115" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div style="height:132px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_Sainte-Anne_of_Le_Havre_(France).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Church_Sainte-Anne_of_Le_Havre_%28France%29.JPG/200px-Church_Sainte-Anne_of_Le_Havre_%28France%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Church_Sainte-Anne_of_Le_Havre_%28France%29.JPG/300px-Church_Sainte-Anne_of_Le_Havre_%28France%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Church_Sainte-Anne_of_Le_Havre_%28France%29.JPG/400px-Church_Sainte-Anne_of_Le_Havre_%28France%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:290px;max-width:290px"><div style="height:191px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_Havre_Bassin_du_Commerce_R03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Le_Havre_Bassin_du_Commerce_R03.jpg/288px-Le_Havre_Bassin_du_Commerce_R03.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Le_Havre_Bassin_du_Commerce_R03.jpg/432px-Le_Havre_Bassin_du_Commerce_R03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Le_Havre_Bassin_du_Commerce_R03.jpg/576px-Le_Havre_Bassin_du_Commerce_R03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4853" data-file-height="3235" /></a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Le_Havre,_France.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Le Havre"><img alt="Flag of Le Havre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Le_Havre%2C_France.gif/100px-Flag_of_Le_Havre%2C_France.gif" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Le_Havre%2C_France.gif/150px-Flag_of_Le_Havre%2C_France.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Flag_of_Le_Havre%2C_France.gif/200px-Flag_of_Le_Havre%2C_France.gif 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="216" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_Le_Havre_(Seine-Maritime).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Le Havre"><img alt="Coat of arms of Le Havre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Blason_ville_fr_Le_Havre_%28Seine-Maritime%29.svg/73px-Blason_ville_fr_Le_Havre_%28Seine-Maritime%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="73" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Blason_ville_fr_Le_Havre_%28Seine-Maritime%29.svg/109px-Blason_ville_fr_Le_Havre_%28Seine-Maritime%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Blason_ville_fr_Le_Havre_%28Seine-Maritime%29.svg/145px-Blason_ville_fr_Le_Havre_%28Seine-Maritime%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Le_Havre" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Le Havre">Coat of arms</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center;">Location of Le Havre</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_d5efd56005ab4e2ce4743ac779035a01dfdb7421"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Le_Havre&revid=1256625187&groups=_d5efd56005ab4e2ce4743ac779035a01dfdb7421" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Le_Havre&revid=1256625187&groups=_d5efd56005ab4e2ce4743ac779035a01dfdb7421 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><a href="/wiki/File:France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Le Havre is located in France"><img alt="Le Havre is located in France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/270px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/405px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/540px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:19.143%;left:37.342%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Le Havre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Le Havre</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of France</div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:270px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:270px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:270px"><a href="/wiki/File:Normandie_region_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Le Havre is located in Normandy"><img alt="Le Havre is located in Normandy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Normandie_region_location_map.svg/270px-Normandie_region_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Normandie_region_location_map.svg/405px-Normandie_region_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Normandie_region_location_map.svg/540px-Normandie_region_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2094" data-file-height="1574" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:32.642%;left:54.695%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Le Havre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Le Havre</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div>Show map of Normandy</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Le_Havre&params=49.49_N_0.1_E_type:city(166058)_region:FR-NOR">49°29′N 0°06′E / 49.49°N 0.10°E / 49.49; 0.10</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Normandy_(administrative_region)" title="Normandy (administrative region)">Normandy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">Department</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_France" title="Arrondissements of France">Arrondissement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Le_Havre" title="Arrondissement of Le Havre">Le Havre</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_France" title="Cantons of France">Canton</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Le_Havre-1" title="Canton of Le Havre-1">Le Havre-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Le_Havre-2" title="Canton of Le Havre-2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Le_Havre-3" title="Canton of Le Havre-3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Le_Havre-4" title="Canton of Le Havre-4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Le_Havre-5" title="Canton of Le Havre-5">5</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canton_of_Le_Havre-6" title="Canton of Le Havre-6">6</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_France#Intercommunality" title="Communes of France">Intercommunality</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Le_Havre_Seine_M%C3%A9tropole" title="Le Havre Seine Métropole">Le Havre Seine Métropole</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(2020–2026) </th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Philippe" title="Édouard Philippe">Édouard Philippe</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Horizons_(political_party)" title="Horizons (political party)">Horizons</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn">1</div></div></th><td class="infobox-data">46.95 km2 (18.13 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2018)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">194.9 km2 (75.3 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2018)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">995.8 km2 (384.5 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2021)<a href="#cite_note-popleg2021-3">[3]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data">166,058</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_in_France_with_over_20,000_inhabitants" title="List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants">15th in France</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">3,500/km2 (9,200/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2018<a href="#cite_note-insee2018-4">[4]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">234,945</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Urban density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,200/km2 (3,100/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">Metro</a><div class="ib-settlement-fn"> (2018<a href="#cite_note-insee2018-4">[4]</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">337,086</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Metro density</th><td class="infobox-data">340/km2 (880/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B01:00" title="UTC+01:00">UTC+01:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Time" title="Central European Time">CET</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B02:00" title="UTC+02:00">UTC+02:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Central_European_Summer_Time" title="Central European Summer Time">CEST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/INSEE_code" title="INSEE code">INSEE</a>/Postal code</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=COM-76351">76351</a> /76600, 76610, 76620</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lehavre.fr">www.lehavre.fr</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-top:1px #aaa solid;padding-top:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_Havre,_h%C3%B4tel_de_ville.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c7/Le_Havre%2C_h%C3%B4tel_de_ville.jpg/220px-Le_Havre%2C_h%C3%B4tel_de_ville.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c7/Le_Havre%2C_h%C3%B4tel_de_ville.jpg/330px-Le_Havre%2C_h%C3%B4tel_de_ville.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c7/Le_Havre%2C_h%C3%B4tel_de_ville.jpg/440px-Le_Havre%2C_h%C3%B4tel_de_ville.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Le_Havre" title="Hôtel de Ville, Le Havre">Hôtel de Ville</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Le Havre, the City Rebuilt by Auguste Perret</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: ii, iv</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1181">1181</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">2005 (29th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">133 ha</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Buffer zone</th><td class="infobox-data category">114 ha</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.</td></tr></tbody></table> Le Havre (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/lə ˈhɑːv(rə)/</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">lə HAHV(-rə)</a>;<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>French: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[lə ɑvʁ(ə)]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/18\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-Le_Havre.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-Le_Havre.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-Jules78120-Le Havre.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/18/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-Le_Havre.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-Le_Havre.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-Jules78120-Le_Havre.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Jules78120-Le Havre.wav">ⓘ</a>; <a href="/wiki/Norman_language" title="Norman language">Norman</a>: Lé Hâvre <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[lɛ ˈhɑvʁ(ə)]</a>) is a major port city in the <a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_France" title="Departments of France">department</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Normandy_(administrative_region)" title="Normandy (administrative region)">Normandy</a> region of northern <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. It is situated on the right bank of the <a href="/wiki/Estuary" title="Estuary">estuary</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">river Seine</a> on the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">Channel</a> southwest of the <a href="/wiki/Pays_de_Caux" title="Pays de Caux">Pays de Caux</a>, very close to the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Meridian_(Greenwich)" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Meridian (Greenwich)">Prime Meridian</a>. Le Havre is the most populous commune of Upper Normandy, although the total population of the greater Le Havre <a href="/wiki/Conurbation" title="Conurbation">conurbation</a> is smaller than that of <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a>. After <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a>, it is also the second largest <a href="/wiki/Subprefecture" title="Subprefecture">subprefecture</a> in France. The name Le Havre means "the harbour" or "the port". Its inhabitants are known as Havrais or Havraises.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The city and <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Le_Havre" title="Port of Le Havre">port</a> were founded by <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">King Francis I</a> in 1517. Economic development in the <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_period" title="Early modern period">early modern period</a> was hampered by <a href="/wiki/European_wars_of_religion" title="European wars of religion">religious wars</a>, conflicts with the English, epidemics, and storms. It was from the end of the 18th century that Le Havre started growing and the port took off first with the slave trade then other international trade. After the 1944 bombings the firm of <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Perret" title="Auguste Perret">Auguste Perret</a> began to rebuild the city in concrete. The oil, chemical, and automotive industries were dynamic during the <a href="/wiki/Trente_Glorieuses" title="Trente Glorieuses">Trente Glorieuses</a> (postwar boom) but the 1970s marked the end of the golden age of <a href="/wiki/Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">ocean liners</a> and the beginning of the economic crisis: the population declined, unemployment increased and remains at a high level today. Changes in years 1990–2000 were numerous. The right won the municipal elections and committed the city to the path of reconversion, seeking to develop the <a href="/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economy" title="Tertiary sector of the economy">service sector</a> and new industries (<a href="/wiki/Aeronautics" title="Aeronautics">aeronautics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">wind turbines</a>). The Port 2000 project increased the container capacity to compete with ports of northern Europe, transformed the southern districts of the city, and ocean liners returned. Modern Le Havre remains deeply influenced by its employment and maritime traditions. Its port is the second largest in France, after that of <a href="/wiki/Marseille-Fos_Port" title="Marseille-Fos Port">Marseille</a>, for total traffic, and the largest French <a href="/wiki/Intermodal_container" title="Intermodal container">container</a> port. In 2005, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> inscribed the central city of Le Havre as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> because of its unique post-WWII reconstruction and architecture.<a href="#cite_note-unesco-9">[9]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Malraux" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée Malraux">André Malraux Modern Art Museum</a> is the second of France for the number of <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">impressionist paintings</a>. The city has been awarded two flowers by the National Council of Towns and Villages in Bloom in the Competition of Cities and Villages in Bloom.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponym">Toponym</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Toponym">edit</a>]</div> The name of the town was attested in 1489, even before it was founded by <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_I" class="mw-redirect" title="François I">François I</a> in the form le Hable de Grace then Ville de Grace in 1516, two years before its official founding.<a href="#cite_note-Beaurepaire-92-93-11">[11]</a> The learned and transient name of Franciscopolis in tribute to the same king, is encountered in some documents then that of Havre Marat, referring to <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat" title="Jean-Paul Marat">Jean-Paul Marat</a> during the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> but was not imposed. However it explains why the complementary determinant -de-Grace was not restored.<a href="#cite_note-Beaurepaire-92-93-11">[11]</a> This qualifier undoubtedly referred to the Chapel of Notre Dame located at the site of the <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre_Cathedral" title="Le Havre Cathedral">cathedral of the same name</a>. The chapel faced the Chapel Notre Dame de Grace of <a href="/wiki/Honfleur" title="Honfleur">Honfleur</a> across the estuary.<a href="#cite_note-Beaurepaire-92-93-11">[11]</a> The common noun havre meaning "port" was out of use at the end of the 18th or beginning of the 19th centuries but is still preserved in the phrase <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/havre_de_paix" class="extiw" title="wikt:havre de paix">havre de paix</a> meaning "safe haven". It is generally considered a loan from <a href="/wiki/Middle_Dutch" title="Middle Dutch">Middle Dutch</a> from the 12th century.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> A Germanic origin can explain the "aspiration" of the initial h. <a href="/wiki/Havre_de_Grace,_Maryland" title="Havre de Grace, Maryland">Havre de Grace, Maryland</a>, in the United States retains the "de Grace" from colonial times. New research however focuses on the fact that the term was attested very early (12th century) and in <a href="/wiki/Norman_language" title="Norman language">Norman texts</a> in the forms Hable, hafne, havene, havne, and haule makes a Dutch origin unlikely. By contrast, a <a href="/wiki/North_Germanic_languages" title="North Germanic languages">Scandinavian</a> etymology is relevant given the old Scandinavian höfn (genitive hafnar) or hafn meaning "natural harbour" or "haven" and the phonetic evolution of the term <a href="/wiki/Stem_(ship)" title="Stem (ship)">étrave</a> which is assuredly of Scandinavian origin is also attested in similar forms such as estable and probably dates back to the ancient Scandinavian stafn.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Le_Havre" title="History of Le Havre">History of Le Havre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Le_Havre" title="Timeline of Le Havre">Timeline of Le Havre</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Place_Gambetta_and_docks,_Havre,_France-LCCN2001698147.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/The_Place_Gambetta_and_docks%2C_Havre%2C_France-LCCN2001698147.jpg/220px-The_Place_Gambetta_and_docks%2C_Havre%2C_France-LCCN2001698147.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/The_Place_Gambetta_and_docks%2C_Havre%2C_France-LCCN2001698147.jpg/330px-The_Place_Gambetta_and_docks%2C_Havre%2C_France-LCCN2001698147.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/The_Place_Gambetta_and_docks%2C_Havre%2C_France-LCCN2001698147.jpg/440px-The_Place_Gambetta_and_docks%2C_Havre%2C_France-LCCN2001698147.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3536" data-file-height="2672" /></a><figcaption>Le Havre in the late 19th century</figcaption></figure> When founded in 1517, the city was named Franciscopolis after <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I of France</a>. It was subsequently named Le Havre-de-Grâce ("Harbor of Grace"; hence <a href="/wiki/Havre_de_Grace,_Maryland" title="Havre de Grace, Maryland">Havre de Grace, Maryland</a>). Its construction was ordered to replace the ancient harbours of <a href="/wiki/Honfleur" title="Honfleur">Honfleur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harfleur" title="Harfleur">Harfleur</a> whose utility had decreased due to silting. The history of the city is inextricably linked to its harbour. In the 18th century, as trade from the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a> was added to that of France and Europe, Le Havre began to grow. On 19 November 1793, the city changed its name to Hâvre de Marat and later Hâvre-Marat in honor of the recently deceased <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Marat" title="Jean-Paul Marat">Jean-Paul Marat</a>, who was seen as a martyr of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>. By early 1795, however, Marat's memory had become somewhat tarnished, and on 13 January 1795, Hâvre-Marat changed its name once more to simply Le Havre, its modern name. During the 19th century, it became an industrial center. At the end of World War I Le Havre played a major role as the transit port used to wind up affairs after the war.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> The city was devastated during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Normandy" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Normandy">Battle of Normandy</a> when 5,000 people were killed and 12,000 homes were totally destroyed before its capture in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Astonia" title="Operation Astonia">Operation Astonia</a>. The center was rebuilt in a <a href="/wiki/Modernism" title="Modernism">modernist</a> style by <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Perret" title="Auguste Perret">Auguste Perret</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Heraldry">Heraldry</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Heraldry">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" width="10%"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_fr_Le_Havre_(Seine-Maritime).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Blason_ville_fr_Le_Havre_%28Seine-Maritime%29.svg/120px-Blason_ville_fr_Le_Havre_%28Seine-Maritime%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Blason_ville_fr_Le_Havre_%28Seine-Maritime%29.svg/180px-Blason_ville_fr_Le_Havre_%28Seine-Maritime%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Blason_ville_fr_Le_Havre_%28Seine-Maritime%29.svg/240px-Blason_ville_fr_Le_Havre_%28Seine-Maritime%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> </td> <td width="20%">Current arms of Le Havre. The <a href="/wiki/Salamander_(legendary_creature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salamander (legendary creature)">salamander</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Badge_(heraldry)" class="mw-redirect" title="Badge (heraldry)">badge</a> of Francis I; the <a href="/wiki/Lion" title="Lion">lion</a> is from the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Belgium" title="Coat of arms of Belgium">Belgian coat of arms</a>; it replaced a <a href="/wiki/Fleur-de-lis" title="Fleur-de-lis">fleur-de-lis</a> in 1926 to remember the <a href="/wiki/De_Broqueville_government_in_exile" class="mw-redirect" title="De Broqueville government in exile">Belgian government in exile</a> in Le Havre during the <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">First World War</a>). </td> <td width="80%">Gules, a salamander argent crowned or enflamed the same in chief azure three fleurs de lis or cantoned sable with a lion or armed and langued gules. </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center"><a href="/wiki/File:Blason_ville_Le_Havre_Empire.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Blason_ville_Le_Havre_Empire.svg/120px-Blason_ville_Le_Havre_Empire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Blason_ville_Le_Havre_Empire.svg/180px-Blason_ville_Le_Havre_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Blason_ville_Le_Havre_Empire.svg/240px-Blason_ville_Le_Havre_Empire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a> </td> <td>Arms of Le Havre under the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a> </td> <td>Gules, a salamander argent crowned in Or enflamed the same, in chief azure with 3 mullets of Or quartered azure with a letter N surmounted by a mullet of Or. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location">Location</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Location">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre_Seine_M%C3%A9tropole" title="Le Havre Seine Métropole">Le Havre Seine Métropole</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baie_de_la_Seine" class="mw-redirect" title="Baie de la Seine">Baie de la Seine</a></div> Le Havre is located 50 kilometres (31 miles) west of <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> on the shore of the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> and at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a>. Numerous roads link to Le Havre with the main access roads being the <a href="/wiki/A29_autoroute" title="A29 autoroute">A29 autoroute</a> from <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a> and the <a href="/wiki/A13_autoroute" title="A13 autoroute">A13 autoroute</a> from Paris linking to the <a href="/wiki/A131_autoroute" title="A131 autoroute">A131 autoroute</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_Le_Havre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Map_Le_Havre.jpg/220px-Map_Le_Havre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Map_Le_Havre.jpg/330px-Map_Le_Havre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Map_Le_Havre.jpg/440px-Map_Le_Havre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1980" data-file-height="1967" /></a><figcaption>Map of Le Havre: to the south the Seine estuary; to the west the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>.</figcaption></figure> Administratively, Le Havre is a commune in the <a href="/wiki/Normandy_(administrative_region)" title="Normandy (administrative region)">Normandy</a> region in the west of the department of <a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a>. The urban area of Le Havre corresponds roughly to the territory of the <a href="/wiki/Agglomeration_community_of_Le_Havre" title="Agglomeration community of Le Havre">Agglomeration community of Le Havre</a> (CODAH)<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> which includes 17 communes and 250,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> It occupies the south-western tip of the natural region of <a href="/wiki/Pays_de_Caux" title="Pays de Caux">Pays de Caux</a> where it is the largest city. Le Havre is sandwiched between the coast of the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">Channel</a> from south-west to north-west and the estuary of the Seine to the south. <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neighbouring_communes_and_towns" style="width:auto; clear:none; display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neighbouring_communes_and_towns" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Neighbouring communes and towns<a href="#cite_note-Google-17">[17]</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">Channel</a>; <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Adresse" title="Sainte-Adresse">Sainte-Adresse</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Octeville-sur-Mer" title="Octeville-sur-Mer">Octeville-sur-Mer</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montivilliers" title="Montivilliers">Montivilliers</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">Channel</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" />Le Havre<img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Gonfreville-l%27Orcher" title="Gonfreville-l'Orcher">Gonfreville-l'Orcher</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">Channel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Villerville" title="Villerville">Villerville</a> (left bank)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Honfleur" title="Honfleur">Honfleur</a> (left bank)</td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology_and_terrain">Geology and terrain</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geology and terrain">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Pays_de_Caux" title="Pays de Caux">Pays de Caux</a></div> Le Havre belongs to the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Basin" title="Paris Basin">Paris Basin</a> which was formed in the <a href="/wiki/Mesozoic" title="Mesozoic">Mesozoic</a> period. The Paris Basin consists of <a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedimentary rocks">sedimentary rocks</a>. The commune of Le Havre consists of two areas separated by a natural cliff edge: one part in the lower part of the town to the south including the harbour, the city centre and the suburbs. It was built on former <a href="/wiki/Marshland" class="mw-redirect" title="Marshland">marshland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mudflat" title="Mudflat">mudflats</a> that were drained in the 16th century.<a href="#cite_note-Steiner21-18">[18]</a> The soil consists of several metres of <a href="/wiki/Alluvium" title="Alluvium">alluvium</a> or silt deposited by the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Steiner21-18">[18]</a> The city centre was rebuilt after the Second World War using a metre of flattened rubble as a foundation.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Letélié14-20">[20]</a> The upper town to the north, is part of the <a href="/wiki/Pays_de_Caux" title="Pays de Caux">cauchois</a> <a href="/wiki/Plateau" title="Plateau">plateau</a>: the neighbourhood of Dollemard is its highest point (between 90 and 115 metres (295 and 377 feet) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a>). The plateau is covered with a layer of <a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">flinty</a> <a href="/wiki/Clay" title="Clay">clay</a> and a fertile <a href="/wiki/Silt" title="Silt">silt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ragot6-21">[21]</a> The bedrock consists of a large thickness of <a href="/wiki/Chalk" title="Chalk">chalk</a> measuring up to 200 m (656 ft) deep.<a href="#cite_note-Auger33-22">[22]</a> Because of the slope the coast is affected by the risk of landslides.<a href="#cite_note-carmen2-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Diagramme_Climatique_du_Havre.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Diagramme_Climatique_du_Havre.png/220px-Diagramme_Climatique_du_Havre.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Diagramme_Climatique_du_Havre.png/330px-Diagramme_Climatique_du_Havre.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Diagramme_Climatique_du_Havre.png/440px-Diagramme_Climatique_du_Havre.png 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="696" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Climograph" title="Climograph">Climatic Graph</a> for Le Havre</figcaption></figure> Due to its location on the coast of the Channel, the climate of Le Havre is <a href="/wiki/Temperate" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate">temperate</a> <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic</a>. Days without wind are rare. There are maritime influences throughout the year. According to the records of the meteorological station of the <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Adresse" title="Sainte-Adresse">Cap de la Heve</a> (from 1961 to 1990), the temperature drops below 0 °C (32 °F) on 24.9 days per year and it rises above 25 °C (77 °F) on 11.3 days per year. The average annual sunshine duration is 1,785.8 hours per year.<a href="#cite_note-Infoclimat-24">[24]</a> Precipitation is distributed throughout the year, with a maximum in autumn and winter. The months of June and July are marked by some thunderstorms on average 2 days per month.<a href="#cite_note-Infoclimat-24">[24]</a> One of the characteristics of the region is the high variability of the temperature, even during the day.<a href="#cite_note-Auger42-25">[25]</a> The prevailing winds are from the southwest sector for strong winds and north-north-east for breezes,<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> snowstorms occur in winter, especially in January and February.<a href="#cite_note-Infoclimat-24">[24]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photojanvier2005CLG_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Photojanvier2005CLG_002.jpg/220px-Photojanvier2005CLG_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Photojanvier2005CLG_002.jpg/330px-Photojanvier2005CLG_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Photojanvier2005CLG_002.jpg/440px-Photojanvier2005CLG_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Le Havre under snow</figcaption></figure> The absolute speed record for wind at Le Havre – Cap de la Heve was recorded on 16 October 1987 at 180 kilometres per hour (112 miles per hour).<a href="#cite_note-Infoclimat-24">[24]</a> The main natural hazards are floods, storms, and <a href="/wiki/Storm_surge" title="Storm surge">storm surges</a>. The lower town is subject to a rising <a href="/wiki/Water_table" title="Water table">water table</a>.<a href="#cite_note-carmen1-27">[27]</a> The lack of watercourses within the commune prevents flooding from overflows. Le Havre's beach may rarely experience flooding known as "flooding from storms". These are caused by the combination of strong winds, high waves, and a large <a href="/wiki/Tidal_range" title="Tidal range">tidal range</a>. <table class="wikitable centre" style="text-align:right"> <caption class="hidden">Comparison of local Meteorological data with other cities in France<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" style="background:#ddffdd">Town </th> <th scope="col" width="100" style="background-color:#ddffdd">Sunshine <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Weather-clear.svg/20px-Weather-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Weather-clear.svg/30px-Weather-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Weather-clear.svg/40px-Weather-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> (hours/yr) </th> <th scope="col" width="100" style="background:#ddffdd">Rain <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Weather-overcast-rare-showers.svg/20px-Weather-overcast-rare-showers.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Weather-overcast-rare-showers.svg/30px-Weather-overcast-rare-showers.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Weather-overcast-rare-showers.svg/40px-Weather-overcast-rare-showers.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> (mm/yr)</th> <th scope="col" width="100" style="background:#ddffdd">Snow <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Weather-snow.svg/20px-Weather-snow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Weather-snow.svg/30px-Weather-snow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Weather-snow.svg/40px-Weather-snow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> (days/yr)</th> <th scope="col" width="100" style="background:#ddffdd">Storm <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Weather-violent-storm.svg/20px-Weather-violent-storm.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Weather-violent-storm.svg/30px-Weather-violent-storm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Weather-violent-storm.svg/40px-Weather-violent-storm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> (days/yr)</th> <th scope="col" width="100" style="background:#ddffdd">Fog <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Weather-day-more-fog.svg/20px-Weather-day-more-fog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Weather-day-more-fog.svg/30px-Weather-day-more-fog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Weather-day-more-fog.svg/40px-Weather-day-more-fog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> (days/yr) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">National average </th> <td>1,973</td> <td>770</td> <td>14</td> <td>22</td> <td>40 </td></tr> <tr style="background: #D1E8FF"> <th scope="row" style="background:#D1E8FF">Le Havre<a href="#cite_note-Infoclimat-24">[24]</a> </th> <td>1,786</td> <td>709</td> <td>11</td> <td>13</td> <td>53 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> </th> <td>1,661</td> <td>637</td> <td>12</td> <td>18</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> </th> <td>2,724</td> <td>767</td> <td>1</td> <td>29</td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> </th> <td>1,693</td> <td>665</td> <td>29</td> <td>29</td> <td>56 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a> </th> <td>1,605</td> <td>1,211</td> <td>7</td> <td>12</td> <td>75 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Le Havre (located in Cap de la Heve, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1913–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0 (59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0 (68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5 (76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5 (79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0 (86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.7 (94.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1700; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.1 (100.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.3 (97.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6 (92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5 (83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0 (68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4 (61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1700; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.1 (100.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFE9D4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.6 (45.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 (46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD5AC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.5 (50.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3 (55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.2 (61.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0 (66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9 (69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2 (70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1 (66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFB367; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.5 (59.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3 (52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 (47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBB77; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.3 (57.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF6EE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.7 (42.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF4EA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.0 (42.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 (46.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 (50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3 (55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0 (60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.0 (64.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4 (65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.4 (61.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1 (55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 (48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.5 (43.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC9A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.8 (53.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9 (39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9 (39.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6 (42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5 (45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.3 (50.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC388; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1 (55.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.1 (59.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6 (60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.7 (56.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 (51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 (45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 (40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.3 (48.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.8 (7.2) </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.5 (9.5) </td> <td style="background: #BCBCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.8 (18.0) </td> <td style="background: #E1E1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.0 (30.2) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.2 (34.2) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 (39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE6CE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 (46.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 (47.1) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.3 (37.9) </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.2 (31.6) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.5 (16.7) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.6 (16.5) </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−13.8 (7.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.5 (2.66) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.7 (2.11) </td> <td style="background: #B0FFB0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.5 (2.07) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.3 (2.06) </td> <td style="background: #AAFFAA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.5 (2.22) </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.0 (2.28) </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.7 (1.92) </td> <td style="background: #9CFF9C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.0 (2.60) </td> <td style="background: #9AFF9A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.4 (2.57) </td> <td style="background: #7EFF7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.2 (3.39) </td> <td style="background: #78FF78; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.5 (3.44) </td> <td style="background: #70FF70; color:#000000;" class="notheme">95.5 (3.76) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">789.8 (31.09) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #6767FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #8282FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.1 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.4 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #4949FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14.7 </td> <td style="background: #7979FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">127.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3 </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.0 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">11.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000BC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">84 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000C0; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000C4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">82 </td> <td style="background: #0000B8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">85 </td> <td style="background: #0000B5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">86 </td> <td style="background: #0000B1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">87 </td> <td style="background: #0000BD; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">83.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #727272; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62.9 </td> <td style="background: #ABABA1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.7 </td> <td style="background: #BDBD33; color:#000000;" class="notheme">136.2 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">179.5 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">214.6 </td> <td style="background: #DEDE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">224.4 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">237.8 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">218.5 </td> <td style="background: #CECE00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">168.3 </td> <td style="background: #B8B853; color:#000000;" class="notheme">124.5 </td> <td style="background: #8D8D8D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74.7 </td> <td style="background: #676767; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56.7 </td> <td style="background: #C4C409; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,785.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9t%C3%A9o_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Météo France">Météo France</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Infoclimat.fr (humidity, snowy days and sun, 1961–1990)<a href="#cite_note-Infoclimat-24">[24]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environment">Environment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Environment">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2011_square_saint-roch_fleuri_lehavre_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/2011_square_saint-roch_fleuri_lehavre_2.jpg/220px-2011_square_saint-roch_fleuri_lehavre_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/2011_square_saint-roch_fleuri_lehavre_2.jpg/330px-2011_square_saint-roch_fleuri_lehavre_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/2011_square_saint-roch_fleuri_lehavre_2.jpg/440px-2011_square_saint-roch_fleuri_lehavre_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Saint-Roch Square.</figcaption></figure> A study by Aphekom comparing ten large French cities showed that Le Havre is the least polluted urban commune of France.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> Le Havre is also the third best city in France with more than 100,000 inhabitants for air quality.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Carbon_accounting" title="Carbon accounting">Carbon accounting</a> showed in 2009 that the municipality ejected some 32,500 tonnes of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">CO2</a> per year.<a href="#cite_note-lutte-33">[33]</a> In 2011 the average annual emissions of <a href="/wiki/Sulfur_dioxide" title="Sulfur dioxide">sulfur dioxide</a> by industry was between three micrograms per cubic metre in the centre of Le Havre to twelve micrograms per cubic metre in the district of Caucriauville.<a href="#cite_note-diosoufre-34">[34]</a> The municipality has set a target to reduce emissions of CO2 by 3% per year.<a href="#cite_note-lutte-33">[33]</a> To achieve this <a href="/wiki/Solar_panel" title="Solar panel">solar panels</a> have been installed on several municipal buildings (city hall, hanging gardens).<a href="#cite_note-rapport-35">[35]</a> Since 2008, Le Havre has been part of the network of <a href="/wiki/Energy_Cities" title="Energy Cities">Energy Cities</a> and, in this context, it applies the steps of <a href="/wiki/Agenda_21" title="Agenda 21">Agenda 21</a> and an Environmental Approach to Urban Planning. The city has received many awards of eco-labels several times (Energy of the Future label in 2009–2011, sustainable Earth label in 2009). Since 1998, Le Havre's beach has received the <a href="/wiki/Blue_Flag_beach" title="Blue Flag beach">Blue Flag</a> yearly thanks to its range of facilities, which extend over 30,000 m2.<a href="#cite_note-pavillon-36">[36]</a> Le Havre has kept extensive green areas (750 hectares or 41 m2 per inhabitant<a href="#cite_note-rapport-35">[35]</a>), the two largest areas are the Montgeon Forest and Rouelles Park which are both located in the upper town. The gardens of the Priory of Graville and the hanging gardens offer views of the lower city. In the city centre, Saint-Roch Square and the City Hall Gardens provide the people with urban recreation areas. Various <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystems</a> are represented in the Beach Gardens and the Hauser Park (caves). Finally, the Plateau of Dollemard was classified as a "Sensitive Natural Area" of the department in 2001 to protect its landscape and ecosystems on the cliff.<a href="#cite_note-rapport-35">[35]</a> The streets are lined with 13,000 trees of 150 different varieties.<a href="#cite_note-biodiversité-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Layout">Layout</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Layout">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_Havre_Panorama10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Le_Havre_Panorama10.jpg/800px-Le_Havre_Panorama10.jpg" decoding="async" width="800" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Le_Havre_Panorama10.jpg/1200px-Le_Havre_Panorama10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Le_Havre_Panorama10.jpg/1600px-Le_Havre_Panorama10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2314" data-file-height="673" /></a><figcaption>Le Havre skyline in 2005</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lower_city">Lower city</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Lower city">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="City_rebuilt_after_1945">City rebuilt after 1945</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: City rebuilt after 1945">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_de_la_ville_du_Havre.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Plan_de_la_ville_du_Havre.png/220px-Plan_de_la_ville_du_Havre.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Plan_de_la_ville_du_Havre.png/330px-Plan_de_la_ville_du_Havre.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Plan_de_la_ville_du_Havre.png/440px-Plan_de_la_ville_du_Havre.png 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="442" /></a><figcaption>Plan of Le Havre and its town centre rebuilt after the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a></figcaption></figure> Largely destroyed by the Allies during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>, the city was rebuilt according to the plans of the architect <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Perret" title="Auguste Perret">Auguste Perret</a> between 1945 and 1964. Only the <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville,_Le_Havre" title="Hôtel de Ville, Le Havre">City Hall</a> and the <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Church,_Le_Havre" title="St. Joseph's Church, Le Havre">Church of Saint Joseph</a> (107 m-high) were personally designed by Auguste Perret. In commending the reconstruction work <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> listed the city of Le Havre on 15 July 2005 as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>.<a href="#cite_note-unesco-9">[9]</a> This area of 133 hectares is one of the few inscribed contemporary sites in Europe.<a href="#cite_note-unesco-9">[9]</a> The architecture of the area is characterized by the use of precast concrete using a system of a modular frame of 6.24 metres and straight lines.<a href="#cite_note-unesco-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Letélié31-38">[38]</a> Another notable architectural work of the central city is that of the House of Culture built in 1982 by the Brazilian architect <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Niemeyer" title="Oscar Niemeyer">Oscar Niemeyer</a> and nicknamed "the Volcano" because of the shape of the building.<a href="#cite_note-Letélié32-39">[39]</a> From 2012, this place was refurbished both inside and outside with fairly significant changes approved by the architect including greater openness to the outside of the plaza. The Notre Dame and Perrey neighbourhoods are mainly residential. Les Halles is one of the commercial hubs of the city. The Saint Francis neighborhood was also rebuilt beginning in 1950 <a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> but in a radically different architectural style: the buildings are brick and have pitched <a href="/wiki/Slate" title="Slate">slate</a> roofs. This is the restaurant district and the fish market. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Neighbourhoods">Neighbourhoods</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Neighbourhoods">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_Saint-Vincent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Church_Saint-Vincent.jpg/220px-Church_Saint-Vincent.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Church_Saint-Vincent.jpg/330px-Church_Saint-Vincent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Church_Saint-Vincent.jpg/440px-Church_Saint-Vincent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="1424" /></a><figcaption>The neighborhood of the church of Saint-Vincent extending toward the coast</figcaption></figure> To the east and north of the rebuilt central city are a stretch of old neighbourhoods (Danton, Saint-Vincent, Graville, Massillon, etc.) which were spared the bombings of World War II. The buildings, usually in brick, dated to the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries. The shops are concentrated along several major roads in the Rond-Point neighbourhood. During the 1990s and 2000s, these neighborhoods have seen major redevelopments, particularly in the context of an OPAH: improvement of habitat by rehabilitation or reconstruction, creation of public facilities, and revitalization of business.<a href="#cite_note-renovation-41">[41]</a> At the end of the 20th century and beginning of the 21st century, the area around the railway station has undergone a major transformation. As the station is the gateway to the city with the main avenues intersecting here. New buildings have sprung up (<a href="/wiki/University_of_Le_Havre" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Le Havre">University of Le Havre</a>, the conservatory, headquarters of the SPB (Provident Society Bank), and of <a href="/wiki/CMA_CGM" title="CMA CGM">CMA CGM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Novotel" title="Novotel">Novotel</a>, Matmut, new CCI) some of which were designed by renowned architects. The bus station, certified NF since 2005, has been refurbished. North of the station, another construction project in place of the dilapidated island of Turgot-Magellan will be opened in 2013,<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> including 12,500 m2 (135,000 sq ft) of office space and an eight-storey hotel, complete with shops on the ground-floor. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Southern_districts">Southern districts</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Southern districts">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Docks_Vauban_au_Havre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Docks_Vauban_au_Havre.jpg/220px-Docks_Vauban_au_Havre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Docks_Vauban_au_Havre.jpg/330px-Docks_Vauban_au_Havre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Docks_Vauban_au_Havre.jpg/440px-Docks_Vauban_au_Havre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Commercial area of the south side of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vauban_Docks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vauban Docks (page does not exist)">Vauban Docks</a> in 2009</figcaption></figure> The southern districts of Le Havre are mainly used for industrial and port activities. There are buildings in brick from the 19th century, large developments (Chicago, Les Neiges), worker estates, SMEs, warehouses, dock and port facilities, and transport infrastructure. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The southern districts have for some years experienced profound change due to European funding. It is revitalizing areas neglected by industrial and port activities by developing tertiary activities. Thus, the docks have been completely transformed into sports and entertainment complexes (<a href="/wiki/Dock_Oc%C3%A9ane" title="Dock Océane">Dock Océane</a>), a mall (Docks Vauban), and an exhibition hall (Docks Café). <a href="/wiki/Les_Bains_Des_Docks" title="Les Bains Des Docks">Les Bains Des Docks</a> was designed by the architect <a href="/wiki/Jean_Nouvel" title="Jean Nouvel">Jean Nouvel</a>. At the end of 2012 students from Sciences-Po Europe Asia and from INSA integrated new buildings next to the ISEL (Higher Institute of logistics studies) and the future ENSM (Ecole Nationale Supérieure Maritime).<a href="#cite_note-sciencespo-43">[43]</a> The new medical axis around the new Clinic des Ormeaux was built in the neighbourhoods where many homes are planned with the aim of promoting social mix. The City of the Sea and of Sustainable Development (Odyssey 21) will be organized around a metal tower one hundred metres high designed by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Nouvel" title="Jean Nouvel">Jean Nouvel</a>: the project was suspended in 2007 but the work should finally begin in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-Gras238-44">[44]</a> The municipality has to attract some 300,000 visitors per year.<a href="#cite_note-Gras239-45">[45]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Upper_town">Upper town</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Upper town">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cimetiere_ste_marie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cimetiere_ste_marie.jpg/220px-Cimetiere_ste_marie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cimetiere_ste_marie.jpg/330px-Cimetiere_ste_marie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Cimetiere_ste_marie.jpg/440px-Cimetiere_ste_marie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2056" /></a><figcaption>The cemetery of Sainte-Marie</figcaption></figure> The upper town is composed of three parts: the "coast", the suburban districts of the plateau, and large peripheral housing estates. The neighbourhoods on the "coast" (the Dead Cliff) are residential – more prosperous in the western part (Les Ormeaux, Rue Felix Faure) and more modest to the east (St. Cecilia, Aplemont). The Jenner tunnel passes under the "coast" and connects the upper town to the lower town. It is also on the coast that there are two <a href="/wiki/Fortifications" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortifications">fortifications</a> of the city, Forts <a href="/wiki/Sainte-Adresse" title="Sainte-Adresse">Sainte-Adresse</a> and Tourneville, and the main cemetery (Sainte-Marie cemetery). With the demise of the military functions of the city, the forts are gradually being converted: Fort Sainte-Adresse houses the Hanging Gardens and Fort Tourneville hosted the Tetris project in 2013 – an axis of contemporary music with concert halls and rehearsal studios.<a href="#cite_note-tetris-46">[46]</a> To the north of the "coast" suburban districts such as Rouelles, Sainte-Cecile, la Mare au Clerc, Sanvic, Bleville, and Dollemard were developed during the first half of the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-chiffres_clés_quartiers-47">[47]</a> In their extension North-west between Bleville and Octeville airport a new area is being developed: "Les Hauts de Bleville". This eco-district made up of housing units to <a href="/wiki/HQE" class="mw-redirect" title="HQE">HQE</a> standards, a Joint Development Area (ZAC), and a school should have a total of 1,000 housing units.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> The peripheral suburbs of the commune grew in the postwar period. These are large <a href="/wiki/Housing_estate" title="Housing estate">housing estates</a> in Caucriauville, Bois de Bleville, Mont-Gaillard, and Mare-rouge where a disadvantaged population is concentrated. In October 2004 the National Agency for Urban Renewal (ANRU) signed with the municipality of Havre the first agreement to finance the rehabilitation of these areas. This finance agreement provides more than 340 million euros for the housing estates in the northern districts, where about 41,000 people reside. This development extends the budget for the Grand Projet de Ville (GPV). It allows the demolition and rebuilding of more than 1,700 homes. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Le_Havre" title="Transport in Le Havre">Transport in Le Havre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre_station" title="Le Havre station">Le Havre station</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gare_du_havre2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Gare_du_havre2.JPG/220px-Gare_du_havre2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Gare_du_havre2.JPG/330px-Gare_du_havre2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Gare_du_havre2.JPG/440px-Gare_du_havre2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Le_Havre_station" title="Le Havre station">Le Havre railway station</a></figcaption></figure> For a long time Le Havre has exploited the strengths of its coastal location but also suffered from its relative isolation. This is why the accessibility of the city has been improved with the harbour highway A131 (E05) which links Le Havre to the <a href="/wiki/A13_autoroute" title="A13 autoroute">A13 autoroute</a> over <a href="/wiki/Tancarville_Bridge" title="Tancarville Bridge">Tancarville Bridge</a>. The city is one hour from <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> and one and a half-hour from <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a>.<a href="#cite_note-réseaux-49">[49]</a> More recently the <a href="/wiki/A29_autoroute" title="A29 autoroute">A29 autoroute</a> (E44) has connected Le Havre to the north of France and passes over the <a href="/wiki/Pont_de_Normandie" title="Pont de Normandie">Normandy Bridge</a> which makes <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a> (in the north-east) two hours away and <a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a> (in the south-west) one hour. The <a href="/wiki/Transport_express_r%C3%A9gional" title="Transport express régional">TER</a> network was modernized with the creation of the <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9zarde_Express_R%C3%A9gionale" title="Lézarde Express Régionale">LER</a> line in 2001 and direct services to <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9camp" title="Fécamp">Fécamp</a> in 2005. Thirteen <a href="/wiki/Corail_(train)" title="Corail (train)">Corail trains</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Le_Havre_railway" title="Paris–Le Havre railway">Paris–Le Havre line</a> link <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre_station" title="Le Havre station">Le Havre station</a> with Bréauté-Beuzeville, <a href="/wiki/Yvetot" title="Yvetot">Yvetot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Rouen-Rive-Droite" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Rouen-Rive-Droite">Rouen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Paris-Saint-Lazare" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Paris-Saint-Lazare">Paris Saint-Lazare station</a>.<a href="#cite_note-réseaux-49">[49]</a> In addition there is a <a href="/wiki/TGV" title="TGV">TGV</a> daily service to Le Havre: it has connected the city to <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> since December 2004 serving Rouen, <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Mantes-la-Jolie" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Mantes-la-Jolie">Mantes-la-Jolie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Versailles-Chantiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Versailles-Chantiers">Versailles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Massy-Palaiseau" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Massy-Palaiseau">Massy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Lyon-Part-Dieu" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Lyon-Part-Dieu">Lyon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gare_d%27Avignon_TGV" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare d'Avignon TGV">Avignon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aix-en-Provence_TGV_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Aix-en-Provence TGV railway station">Aix-en-Provence</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gare_de_Marseille-Saint-Charles" class="mw-redirect" title="Gare de Marseille-Saint-Charles">Saint Charles station</a> in Marseille.<a href="#cite_note-réseaux-49">[49]</a> There are also local services from Le Havre station to Rolleville and Fécamp. <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre-Graville_station" title="Le Havre-Graville station">Le Havre-Graville station</a> in the eastern part of the city is served by trains to Rolleville. No direct rail link connects Le Havre and <a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a> yet many projects – known as the "Southwest Line" – to link Le Havre to the left bank of the Seine downstream from Rouen, near the estuary of the river, were studied in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century but none have been realized. By public transport it is necessary to go to Rouen by train or bus (using No. 20 <a href="/wiki/Bus_Verts_du_Calvados" title="Bus Verts du Calvados">Green Bus</a>). There is a Gray Coach to <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tretat" title="Étretat">Étretat</a> and <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9camp" title="Fécamp">Fécamp</a> and there is VTNI for destinations in the Seine valley and Rouen who provide inter-urban services on behalf of the Department of <a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a>. Finally, the company AirPlus provides a shuttle service to the railway stations and airports of Paris. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferry_Le_Havre_2007.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ferry_Le_Havre_2007.jpg/220px-Ferry_Le_Havre_2007.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ferry_Le_Havre_2007.jpg/330px-Ferry_Le_Havre_2007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Ferry_Le_Havre_2007.jpg/440px-Ferry_Le_Havre_2007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1785" data-file-height="1114" /></a><figcaption>A Ferry (<a href="/wiki/LD_Lines" title="LD Lines">LD Lines</a>) in the port of Le Havre.</figcaption></figure> For air transport, there is <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre_Octeville_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Havre Octeville Airport">Le Havre Octeville Airport</a> which is located 5 km (3 mi) north of Le Havre at the town of <a href="/wiki/Octeville-sur-Mer" title="Octeville-sur-Mer">Octeville-sur-Mer</a> and managed by <a href="/wiki/Agglomeration_community_of_Le_Havre" title="Agglomeration community of Le Havre">CODAH</a>. The main destination is the <a href="/wiki/Transport_hub" title="Transport hub">Transport hub</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a>. Many holiday destinations are offered each year (<a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a>, Balearic Islands, Portugal, Greece, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, etc.) through local travel agencies that charter aircraft. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification needed</a>] There is also the <a href="/wiki/Flying_club" title="Flying club">Flying club</a> <a href="/wiki/Jean_Maridor" title="Jean Maridor">Jean Maridor</a> at the airport. The Channel maritime links with <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth" title="Portsmouth">Portsmouth</a> in southern England with <a href="/wiki/P%26O_Ferries" title="P&O Ferries">P&O Ferries</a> ended on 30 September 2005 to be taken over by <a href="/wiki/LD_Lines" title="LD Lines">LD Lines</a> who had changed the configuration. Two services to Portsmouth are provided daily<a href="#cite_note-réseaux-49">[49]</a> from the Terminal de la Citadelle until ceasing operations in 2014, the route has since been taken over by <a href="/wiki/Brittany_Ferries" title="Brittany Ferries">Brittany Ferries</a>. The link to Ireland was moved to the port of <a href="/wiki/Cherbourg" title="Cherbourg">Cherbourg</a>. Crossing times to Portsmouth vary from five hours and thirty minutes to eight hours.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> Popular alternative routes going to areas close to Le Havre include <a href="/wiki/Newhaven,_East_Sussex" class="mw-redirect" title="Newhaven, East Sussex">Newhaven</a> to <a href="/wiki/Dieppe" title="Dieppe">Dieppe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Poole" title="Poole">Poole</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cherbourg" title="Cherbourg">Cherbourg</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_transport">Urban transport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Urban transport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre_tramway" title="Le Havre tramway">Le Havre tramway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funiculaire_du_Havre" title="Funiculaire du Havre">Funiculaire du Havre</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Le_Havre" title="Transport in Le Havre">Transport in Le Havre</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mercedes_Citaro_G_n%C2%B0203_LiA_-_Ren%C3%A9_Coty.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Mercedes_Citaro_G_n%C2%B0203_LiA_-_Ren%C3%A9_Coty.JPG/220px-Mercedes_Citaro_G_n%C2%B0203_LiA_-_Ren%C3%A9_Coty.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Mercedes_Citaro_G_n%C2%B0203_LiA_-_Ren%C3%A9_Coty.JPG/330px-Mercedes_Citaro_G_n%C2%B0203_LiA_-_Ren%C3%A9_Coty.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Mercedes_Citaro_G_n%C2%B0203_LiA_-_Ren%C3%A9_Coty.JPG/440px-Mercedes_Citaro_G_n%C2%B0203_LiA_-_Ren%C3%A9_Coty.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_Citaro" title="Mercedes-Benz Citaro">Mercedes-Benz Citaro</a> of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Compagnie_des_transports_de_la_porte_oc%C3%A9ane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compagnie des transports de la porte océane (page does not exist)">CTPO</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alstom_Citadis_302_n%C2%B0010_LiA_-_H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Alstom_Citadis_302_n%C2%B0010_LiA_-_H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville.JPG/220px-Alstom_Citadis_302_n%C2%B0010_LiA_-_H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Alstom_Citadis_302_n%C2%B0010_LiA_-_H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville.JPG/330px-Alstom_Citadis_302_n%C2%B0010_LiA_-_H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Alstom_Citadis_302_n%C2%B0010_LiA_-_H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville.JPG/440px-Alstom_Citadis_302_n%C2%B0010_LiA_-_H%C3%B4tel_de_Ville.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tramway_du_Havre" class="mw-redirect" title="Tramway du Havre">Tramway du Havre</a></figcaption></figure> The city and the metropolitan area has a dense transport network. This solves the problem of a break between the lower town and the upper town and the two parts of the city are connected by long boulevards, winding roads, many stairs, a <a href="/wiki/Funiculaire_du_Havre" title="Funiculaire du Havre">funicular</a>, and finally the Jenner tunnel. The <a href="/wiki/Agglomeration_community_of_Le_Havre" title="Agglomeration community of Le Havre">CODAH</a> transport network is called Lia<a href="#cite_note-LIA-51">[51]</a> and is operated by the Ocean Port Transport company (CTPO), a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Veolia_Transport" title="Veolia Transport">Veolia Transport</a>. The overhaul of the bus network in 2008 helped to ensure a better service for all the towns in the metropolitan area. The CTPO operates a bus network consisting of 19 regular urban routes and six evening routes called the "Midnight Bus".<a href="#cite_note-LIA-51">[51]</a> The Le Havre urban area is served by 165 vehicles and 41 regular bus routes with an average of 100,000 passengers per day.<a href="#cite_note-LIA-51">[51]</a> From January 2011 there has been a regular shuttle service specific to the Industrial Zone and Port of Le Havre, thus adding to the cross-estuary service of VTNI.<a href="#cite_note-réseaux-49">[49]</a> Since 1890 the funicular has provided a link between the upper town and the lower town in four minutes with a cable car.<a href="#cite_note-guide-52">[52]</a> Le Havre had a tramway system from 1894 until it closed in 1957. More recently a new tramway system, with 23 stations and 13 km (8 mi) of route,<a href="#cite_note-chiffres_tram-53">[53]</a> was built, and opened on 12 December 2012. The first part of the line connects the beach to the station climbing to the upper town through a new tunnel near the Jenner tunnel then it splits into two: one link going to Mont-Gaillard, the other to Caucriauville. Finally, since 2001 Le Havre agglomeration has operated the LER, a TER line connecting the Le Havre station to <a href="/wiki/Rolleville" title="Rolleville">Rolleville</a> passing through five other <a href="/wiki/SNCF" title="SNCF">SNCF</a> railway stations of the urban area. From 2005, development work for <a href="/wiki/Segregated_cycle_facilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Segregated cycle facilities">Segregated cycle facilities</a> have increased including a connection to the <a href="/wiki/Greenway_(landscape)" title="Greenway (landscape)">Greenway</a> which promises to be an important network of quality. Between 2007 and 2011, the total length of cycle paths has doubled to 46 km (29 mi) in total length.<a href="#cite_note-rapport-35">[35]</a> It is possible to rent bicycles through agencies of the Océane bus or from the town hall (Vel-H)<a href="#cite_note-guide-52">[52]</a> which has them on hand. Finally, 140 taxis work in Le Havre and serve 25 stations.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics_and_administration">Politics and administration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Politics and administration">edit</a>]</div> Le Havre is one of two sub-prefectures of Seine-Maritime and the second largest <a href="/wiki/Subprefecture" title="Subprefecture">subprefecture</a> in France after <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a>. It is the capital of the <a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Le_Havre" title="Arrondissement of Le Havre">Arrondissement of Le Havre</a> which includes 168 communes.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> It is also the largest member of the <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre_Seine_M%C3%A9tropole" title="Le Havre Seine Métropole">Le Havre Seine Métropole</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sous_pref.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Sous_pref.jpg/220px-Sous_pref.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Sous_pref.jpg/330px-Sous_pref.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Sous_pref.jpg/440px-Sous_pref.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2268" data-file-height="1013" /></a><figcaption>The Sub-préfecture</figcaption></figure> Since 2015, the city of Le Havre is divided over <a href="/wiki/Cantons_of_Le_Havre" title="Cantons of Le Havre">six Cantons</a>, some of which also cover neighbouring communes.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> For the parliamentary elections, Le Havre spans two constituencies: the <a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime%27s_7th_constituency" title="Seine-Maritime's 7th constituency">seventh</a> (former cantons I, V, VI, and VII) and the <a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime%27s_8th_constituency" title="Seine-Maritime's 8th constituency">eighth</a> (former cantons II, III, IV, VIII, IX).<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_trends_and_results">Political trends and results</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Political trends and results">edit</a>]</div> Several politicians have spent part of their lives in the city: Jules Lecesne (1818–1878), <a href="/wiki/Jules_Siegfried" title="Jules Siegfried">Jules Siegfried</a> (1837–1922), and <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Faure" title="Félix Faure">Félix Faure</a> (1841–1899) were elected as municipal councillors and MPs. A pool, a shopping centre and a street have been named after <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Coty" title="René Coty">René Coty</a> from Le Havre, who served as <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the French Republic">President of the French Republic</a> from 1954 to 1959. <a href="/wiki/Christine_Lagarde" title="Christine Lagarde">Christine Lagarde</a> (born 1956) attended high schools in Le Havre before becoming <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Economy,_Finances_and_Industry_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of the Economy, Finances and Industry (France)">Minister of the Economy</a> and Director-General of the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> in 2011. Since 23 October 2010 the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_(France)" title="Mayor (France)">mayor</a> has been Édouard Philippe (<a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">UMP</a>). He also holds the presidency of the <a href="/wiki/Agglomeration_community_of_Le_Havre" title="Agglomeration community of Le Havre">CODAH</a> and has held a seat in the National Assembly for the 7th district of Seine-Maritime since 2012.<a href="#cite_note-Philippe-58">[58]</a> He succeeded <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Rufenacht" title="Antoine Rufenacht">Antoine Rufenacht</a> (UMP), who was mayor of Le Havre for fifteen years before resigning, as the head of the municipality. The city of Le Havre has long been the strongest bastion of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Party of France">Communist Party of France</a>, who directed it from 1956 to 1995.<a href="#cite_note-Gras47-59">[59]</a> Overall, the inhabitants of Le Havre in the 7th electoral district (city centre and western neighbourhoods) tend to vote for the right while those of the 8th electoral district (eastern neighbourhoods) tend to choose the candidate of the left. For example, in the presidential election of 2007, the 7th electoral district voted for Nicolas Sarkozy (UMP) by 55.05% against 44.95% for Ségolène Royal (PS) while in the 8th electoral district 55.02% voted for the Socialist candidate.<a href="#cite_note-Express7-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Express8-61">[61]</a> However, the results of the 2012 presidential elections gave the PS wins in both districts with a smaller margin in the 7th (Hollande: 51.71% / Sarkozy: 48.29%) than in the 8th (Hollande 64.21% / Sarkozy: 35.79%).<a href="#cite_note-Express7-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Express8-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Municipal_administration">Municipal administration</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Municipal administration">edit</a>]</div> The number of inhabitants in Le Havre is between 150,000 and 199,999 so the number of councillors is 59 members. The <a href="/wiki/Mayor_(France)" title="Mayor (France)">mayor</a>, 41 aldermen and 17 deputies form the <a href="/wiki/City_council_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="City council (France)">council</a> of Le Havre elected in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-conseil-62">[62]</a> It meets on average once a month at the town hall. The debates are generally public except for certain proceedings.<a href="#cite_note-conseil-62">[62]</a> Le Havre has experienced many territorial extensions by annexing neighbouring communes: <ul><li>1852: Ingouville and parts of Graville-l'Eure and Sanvic</li> <li>1919: all of Graville-Sainte-Honorine</li> <li>1953: Bleville</li> <li>1955: all of Sanvic</li> <li>1971: part of <a href="/wiki/Harfleur" title="Harfleur">Harfleur</a> (a district of Caucriauville)</li> <li>1973: Rouelles (with the status of associated commune, 3,184 inhabitants in 2006)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayors">Mayors</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Mayors">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Mayor_(France)" title="Mayor (France)">Mayors</a> of Le Havre from the French Revolution to 1940<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>From</th> <th>To</th> <th>Mayor</th> <th>Party</th> <th>Position </th></tr> <tr> <td>1790</td> <td>1790</td> <td>Pierre Duval</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1790</td> <td>1791</td> <td>Jean-Jacques Christinat</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1791</td> <td>1791</td> <td>Frédéric Heroult</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1791</td> <td>1793</td> <td>Jacques-Ambroise Rialle</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1793</td> <td>1794</td> <td>Jean-Marc Belot</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1794</td> <td>1794</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Bayle" title="François Bayle">François Bayle</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1794</td> <td>1795</td> <td>Louis Lemesle</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1795</td> <td>1797</td> <td>Jean-Martin Gregoire</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1797</td> <td>1797</td> <td>Jacques Ambroise Rialle</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1797</td> <td>1797</td> <td>Marie Glier</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1797</td> <td>1799</td> <td>Alexandre Lacorne</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1799</td> <td>1800</td> <td>Marie Glier</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1800</td> <td>1800</td> <td>Pierre Fortin</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1800</td> <td>1821</td> <td>Guillaume-Antoine Sery</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1821</td> <td>1830</td> <td>André Begouen-Demeaux</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1830</td> <td>1830</td> <td>Lahoussaye</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1830</td> <td>1831</td> <td>Michel Delaroche</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1831</td> <td>1848</td> <td>Adrien Lemaistre</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1848</td> <td>1849</td> <td>Jules Ancel</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1849</td> <td>1849</td> <td>Alexandre Bertin</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1849</td> <td>1849</td> <td>Frédéric Perquer</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1849</td> <td>1853</td> <td>Adrien Lemaistre</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1853</td> <td>1853</td> <td>Isidore Maire</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1853</td> <td>1855</td> <td>Jules Ancel</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1855</td> <td>1858</td> <td>Edouard Larue</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1858</td> <td>1864</td> <td>Just Viel</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1864</td> <td>1870</td> <td>Edouard Larue</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1870</td> <td>1874</td> <td>Ulysee Guillemard</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1874</td> <td>1874</td> <td>Emmanuel Bigot de la Robillardiere</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1874</td> <td>1878</td> <td>Jules Masurier</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1878</td> <td>1878</td> <td>Ulysee Guillemard</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1878</td> <td>1886</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jules_Siegfried" title="Jules Siegfried">Jules Siegfried</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1886</td> <td>1890</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_Marion_(politician)" title="Paul Marion (politician)">Paul Marion</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1890</td> <td>1896</td> <td>Louis Brindeau</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1896</td> <td>1904</td> <td>Théodule Marais</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1904</td> <td>1908</td> <td>Théodore Maillart</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1908</td> <td>1914</td> <td>Henry Genestal</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1914</td> <td>1919</td> <td>Pierre-François Morgand</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1919</td> <td>1940</td> <td><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Meyer" title="Léon Meyer">Léon Meyer</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Mayors from 1940 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>From</th> <th>To</th> <th>Mayor</th> <th>Party</th> <th>Position </th></tr> <tr> <td>1940</td> <td>1941</td> <td>Jean Risson</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1941</td> <td>1941</td> <td>Georges Patrimonio</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1941</td> <td>1944</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Courant" title="Pierre Courant">Pierre Courant</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1944</td> <td>1947</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Voisin" title="Pierre Voisin">Pierre Voisin</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">PCF</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1947</td> <td>1947</td> <td>Albert le Clainche</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1947</td> <td>1947</td> <td>Pierre Adolphe Jean Voisin</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1947</td> <td>1954</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Courant" title="Pierre Courant">Pierre Courant</a></td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1954</td> <td>1954</td> <td>Eugène Gas</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1954</td> <td>1956</td> <td>Léopold Abadie</td> <td></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1956</td> <td>1959</td> <td>René Cance</td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">PCF</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959</td> <td>1965</td> <td>Robert Monguillon</td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Section_of_the_Workers%27_International" title="French Section of the Workers' International">SFIO</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1965</td> <td>1971</td> <td>René Cance</td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">PCF</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971</td> <td>1994</td> <td>André Duromea</td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">PCF</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994</td> <td>1995</td> <td>Daniel Colliard</td> <td><a href="/wiki/French_Communist_Party" title="French Communist Party">PCF</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995</td> <td>2010</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Rufenacht" title="Antoine Rufenacht">Antoine Rufenacht</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rally_for_the_Republic" title="Rally for the Republic">RPR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">UMP</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010</td> <td>2017</td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Philippe" title="Édouard Philippe">Edouard Philippe</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Union_for_a_Popular_Movement" title="Union for a Popular Movement">UMP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Les_R%C3%A9publicains" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Républicains">LR</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017</td> <td>2019</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Luc_Lemonnier" title="Luc Lemonnier">Luc Lemonnier</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Les_R%C3%A9publicains" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Républicains">LR</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019</td> <td>2020</td> <td>Jean-Baptiste Gastinne</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Les_R%C3%A9publicains" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Républicains">LR</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020</td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Philippe" title="Édouard Philippe">Edouard Philippe</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Les_R%C3%A9publicains" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Républicains">LR</a></td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_institutions_and_services">Public institutions and services</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Public institutions and services">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LeHavrePalaisJustice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/LeHavrePalaisJustice.jpg/220px-LeHavrePalaisJustice.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/LeHavrePalaisJustice.jpg/330px-LeHavrePalaisJustice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/LeHavrePalaisJustice.jpg/440px-LeHavrePalaisJustice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5609" data-file-height="3740" /></a><figcaption>The Palace of Justice</figcaption></figure> The Le Havre Palace of Justice is located on the Boulevard de Strasbourg. With its annex, it includes a high court, a juvenile court, and a commercial court. The city also has a Labour Court and District Court. Among the legal services offered there are legal aid services and the application of penalties. Le Havre depends on the <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Appeal_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Court of Appeal (France)">Court of Appeal</a> of Rouen. The prison, which dates from the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second Empire</a>, was completely destroyed in 2012. The new prison for Le Havre was completed in 2010 at <a href="/wiki/Saint-Aubin-Routot" title="Saint-Aubin-Routot">Saint-Aubin-Routot</a> east of the Le Havre agglomeration. It has an area of 32,000 m2 on a site of 15 hectares and can accommodate 690 people.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> The Hospital Group of Havre is a public health facility managed by a supervisory board chaired by the <a href="/wiki/Mayor_(France)" title="Mayor (France)">Mayor</a> of Le Havre. Its main structures are Flaubert Hospital (the oldest, located downtown), the Monod Hospital (in <a href="/wiki/Montivilliers" title="Montivilliers">Montivilliers</a>), the Pierre Janet Hospital (psychiatry), the house for adolescents, day hospitals, and seniors' residences. It is the largest employer in the CODAH. Built in 1987, the Jacques Monod Hospital offers a full range of care in medicine, surgery, gynecology, obstetrics, pediatrics, geriatrics, mental health follow-up care, rehabilitation, reintegration, and public health. Finally, there are several private clinics that offer complete care: the private clinic of the Estuary groups together the old clinics of Petit Colmoulins and François I. The private clinic of Ormeaux is located in the neighbourhood of Eure. During the first half of the 20th century, the 129th regiment of infantry of the line was stationed at Le Havre and left an important mark on the city so a street was named after them. The 74th Infantry Regiment of commandos was present from 1963 to 1976. Finally, Le Havre is the godmother city for <a href="/wiki/Mistral-class_amphibious_assault_ship" class="mw-redirect" title="Mistral-class amphibious assault ship">BPC Mistral</a>. The ceremony was held at the City Hall on 15 November 2009, during a stopover at the Building.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_politics">National politics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: National politics">edit</a>]</div> For elections to the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(France)" title="National Assembly (France)">National Assembly</a>, Le Havre is divided between <a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime%27s_7th_constituency" title="Seine-Maritime's 7th constituency">Seine-Maritime's 7th</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime%27s_8th_constituency" title="Seine-Maritime's 8th constituency">8th constituency</a>. They are currently represented by <a href="/wiki/Agn%C3%A8s_Firmin-Le_Bodo" title="Agnès Firmin-Le Bodo">Agnès Firmin-Le Bodo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Lecoq" title="Jean-Paul Lecoq">Jean-Paul Lecoq</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_and_sister_cities">Twin towns and sister cities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Twin towns and sister cities">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_France" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in France">List of twin towns and sister cities in France</a></div> Le Havre is <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twinned</a> with:<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China"><img alt="China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Dalian" title="Dalian">Dalian</a>, China</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia"><img alt="Russia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, Russia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"><img alt="United Kingdom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a>, England, United Kingdom</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Tampa,_Florida" title="Tampa, Florida">Tampa</a>, United States</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_de_la_ville_du_Havre.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Plan_de_la_ville_du_Havre.png/220px-Plan_de_la_ville_du_Havre.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Plan_de_la_ville_du_Havre.png/330px-Plan_de_la_ville_du_Havre.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Plan_de_la_ville_du_Havre.png/440px-Plan_de_la_ville_du_Havre.png 2x" data-file-width="454" data-file-height="442" /></a><figcaption>Downtown Le Havre</figcaption></figure> Le Havre experienced a population boom in the second half of the 19th century. Subsequently, the population drain of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> was offset by the annexation of the town of Graville (the city gained 27,215 people between 1911 and 1921). During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> the population decreased significantly (a loss of 57,149 people between 1936 and 1946) because of the exodus and bombings. After the war the commune saw its population increase until 1975. Since then population has decreased again, especially between 1975 and 1982: during these years of industrial crisis the population fell by 18,494 people. The trend continued in the 1980s although at a slower pace. The current policy of the municipality is to build new housing to attract new residents with the goal of exceeding 200,000 inhabitants, a level that was reached in the 1960s. The population of the commune of Le Havre was 191,000 inhabitants in 1999 which placed the city at 12th place among the most populated cities in France and in the first place in <a href="/wiki/Normandy_(administrative_region)" title="Normandy (administrative region)">Normandy</a>. In 2018 <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">INSEE</a> counted 169,733 people living in the commune of Le Havre, while the <a href="/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_urbaine" class="mw-redirect" title="Unité urbaine">urban area</a> of Le Havre had 234,945 inhabitants and the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a> of Le Havre had 337,086 inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-insee2018-4">[4]</a> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:30em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:none;clear:none;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr valign="top"><td style="padding:0 0.5em"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1793 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,620</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1800 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">19,000</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.16%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1806 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">19,482</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.42%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1821 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">20,768</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.43%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1831 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">23,816</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+1.38%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1836 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">25,618</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.47%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1841 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">27,154</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.17%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1846 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">31,325</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.90%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1851 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">56,964</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+12.70%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1856 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">64,137</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.40%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1861 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">74,336</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.00%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1866 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">60,055</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−4.18%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1872 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">85,825</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+6.13%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1876 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">92,068</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.77%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1881 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">105,867</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+2.83%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1886 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">112,074</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.15%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1891 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">116,369</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.75%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1896 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">119,470</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.53%</td></tr></tbody></table></td><td style="padding:0 0.5em;border-left:solid 1px #aaa"><table style="border-spacing:0;width:15em"><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1901 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">130,196</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.73%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1906 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">132,430</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.34%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1911 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">136,159</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.56%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1921 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">163,374</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.84%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1926 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">158,022</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.66%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1931 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">165,076</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.88%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1936 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">164,083</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.12%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1946 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">106,934</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−4.19%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1954 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">139,810</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.41%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1962 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">185,029</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+3.56%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1968 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">205,236</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.74%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">1975 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">217,882</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.86%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1982 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">199,388</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−1.26%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1990 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">195,854</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.22%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1999 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">190,905</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.28%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2007 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">179,751</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.75%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2012 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">173,142</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">−0.75%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2017 </th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">170,147</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.35%</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000)"><div class="center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: EHESS<a href="#cite_note-ehess-67">[67]</a> and INSEE<a href="#cite_note-pophist-68">[68]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Between 2012 and 2017, the <a href="/wiki/Birth_rate" title="Birth rate">birth rate</a> was 14.3 per thousand and the <a href="/wiki/Mortality_rate" title="Mortality rate">mortality rate</a> was 10.4 per thousand: even though the <a href="/wiki/Rate_of_natural_increase" title="Rate of natural increase">Rate of natural increase</a> is positive it does not compensate for the clearly negative <a href="/wiki/Net_migration_rate" title="Net migration rate">net migration rate</a> (-0.7%).<a href="#cite_note-complet-69">[69]</a> In 2017 19% of Le Havre's population was under 15 years old and 39% were under 30 years old,<a href="#cite_note-complet-69">[69]</a> which was above the average for metropolitan France.<a href="#cite_note-INSEE-70">[70]</a> 24% of men and 26% of women were over 60 years old.<a href="#cite_note-complet-69">[69]</a> The most populous quarters are the city centre, Sanvic, Caucriauville, Anatole France/Danton and Côte Ouest/Ormeaux.<a href="#cite_note-chiffres_clés_quartiers-47">[47]</a> In 2009 the <a href="/wiki/Alien_(law)" title="Alien (law)">foreign population</a> was estimated at 8,525 persons or 4.8% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> 12,148 immigrants lived in Havre, or 6.8% of the urban population.<a href="#cite_note-immigrés1-72">[72]</a> Most had North African (5060) or African (3114) origins.<a href="#cite_note-immigrés2-73">[73]</a> With the economic changes that have affected the city, the Professions and Socio-professional categories (PCS) have changed dramatically since the 1980s: between 1982 and 1999, the number of workers has declined by about a third (−10,593), their share of the active <a href="/wiki/Labour_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour force">labour force</a> was 16% in 1982 and 12.5% in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> The population of workers is concentrated in the southern suburbs close to the port and the industrial zone.<a href="#cite_note-chiffres_clés_quartiers-47">[47]</a> At the same time the numbers of executives and intellectual professions increased by 24.5%, which is explained in part by the creation and development of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Le_Havre" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Le Havre">University of Le Havre</a>. In 2017 the city had a lower proportion of managers and intellectual occupations than the national average (14.4% against 18.1%).<a href="#cite_note-complet-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-france-75">[75]</a> The proportion of workers (22.5%) was higher than the national average (19.9%).<a href="#cite_note-complet-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-france-75">[75]</a> Going from 16.7% to 21.7% of the labour force, the rate of unemployment has increased between 2007 and 2017, and it remains higher than in the rest of the country (13.9%).<a href="#cite_note-complet-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-france-75">[75]</a> The proportion Le Havre people in short-term employment (CDD and interim work) is higher than the national average.<a href="#cite_note-complet-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-france-75">[75]</a> Finally, the proportion of Le Havre people with a degree from higher education dramatically increased from 17.3% in 2007 to 23.2% in 2017<a href="#cite_note-complet-69">[69]</a> against 29.9% for entire France.<a href="#cite_note-france-75">[75]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General">General</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: General">edit</a>]</div> Although well developed and diversified, the local economy relies heavily on industrial sites, international groups, and subcontracted <a href="/wiki/Small_and_medium_enterprises" class="mw-redirect" title="Small and medium enterprises">SMEs</a>. The Le Havre economy is far from decision centres which are located mainly in Paris and major European economic cities. There is therefore a low representation of head offices in the city with the exception of some local economic successes such as the Sidel Group (now a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Tetra_Pak" title="Tetra Pak">Tetra Pak</a>) – a distributor of interior furniture, and the <a href="/wiki/Ship-owner" title="Ship-owner">ship-owner</a> <a href="/wiki/Delmas_(shipping_company)" title="Delmas (shipping company)">Delmas</a> which was recently acquired by the <a href="/wiki/CMA-CGM" class="mw-redirect" title="CMA-CGM">CMA-CGM</a> group. <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Major employers in the Le Havre area </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Name </th> <th>Commune </th> <th>Sector </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sandouville_Renault_Factory" title="Sandouville Renault Factory">Renault Sandouville</a> </td> <td>Sandouville </td> <td>Automobile </td></tr> <tr> <td>Centre Hospitalier Général </td> <td>Le Havre </td> <td>Health </td></tr> <tr> <td>Le Havre Commune </td> <td>Le Havre </td> <td>Administration publique </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/TotalEnergies" title="TotalEnergies">TotalEnergies</a> </td> <td>Gonfreville </td> <td>Raffinage </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Le_Havre" title="Port of Le Havre">Port Authority of Le Havre</a> </td> <td>Le Havre </td> <td>Port Services </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Safran" title="Safran">Aircelle</a> </td> <td>Gonfreville </td> <td>Aeronautical Construction </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total Petrochemicals </td> <td>Gonfreville </td> <td>Petrochemicals </td></tr> <tr style="background:#EEE"> <td><a href="/wiki/SNCF" title="SNCF">SNCF</a> </td> <td>Le Havre </td> <td>Transport </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dresser-Rand </td> <td>Le Havre </td> <td>Mechanical Equipment </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chevron_Corporation" title="Chevron Corporation">Chevron</a> </td> <td>Gonfreville </td> <td>Petrochemicals </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Port">Port</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Port">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Le_Havre" title="Port of Le Havre">Port of Le Havre</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_Havre_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Port_Havre_2.jpg/220px-Port_Havre_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Port_Havre_2.jpg/330px-Port_Havre_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Port_Havre_2.jpg/440px-Port_Havre_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="471" /></a><figcaption>Container Terminal, near the François I <a href="/wiki/Lock_(water_transport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lock (water transport)">lock</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fishing_boats_in_Le_Havre,_bateaux_de_p%C3%AAche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Fishing_boats_in_Le_Havre%2C_bateaux_de_p%C3%AAche.jpg/220px-Fishing_boats_in_Le_Havre%2C_bateaux_de_p%C3%AAche.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Fishing_boats_in_Le_Havre%2C_bateaux_de_p%C3%AAche.jpg/330px-Fishing_boats_in_Le_Havre%2C_bateaux_de_p%C3%AAche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Fishing_boats_in_Le_Havre%2C_bateaux_de_p%C3%AAche.jpg/440px-Fishing_boats_in_Le_Havre%2C_bateaux_de_p%C3%AAche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="1424" /></a><figcaption>Fishing Port</figcaption></figure> With 68.6 million tons of cargo in 2011, the port of Le Havre is the second largest French seaport in trade volume behind that of <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> and 50th largest port in the world.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> It represents 60% of total French container traffic with nearly 2.2 million Twenty-foot equivalent unit|EVP]s in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-stat_GPMH2011-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-LH_devt-78">[78]</a> At the European level, it is eighth largest for container traffic and sixth largest for total traffic. The Port receives a large number of <a href="/wiki/Oil_tanker" title="Oil tanker">oil tankers</a> that transported 27.5 million tonnes of crude oil and 11.7 million tonnes of refined product in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-stat_GPMH2011-77">[77]</a> Finally, 340,500 vehicles passed through the <a href="/wiki/Roll-on/roll-off" title="Roll-on/roll-off">Roll-on/roll-off</a> terminal in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-LH_devt-78">[78]</a> 75 regular shipping lines serve 500 ports around the world.<a href="#cite_note-LH_devt-78">[78]</a> The largest trading partner of the port of Le Havre is the Asian continent which alone accounts for 58% of imports by container and 39.6% of exports.<a href="#cite_note-stat_GPMH2011-77">[77]</a> The rest of the traffic is distributed mainly to Europe and America. Le Havre occupies the north bank of the estuary of the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a> on the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">Channel</a>. Its location is favourable for several reasons: it is on the most frequented waterway in the world; it is the first and last port in the North Range of European ports – the largest in Europe which handles a quarter of all global maritime trade.<a href="#cite_note-port_auj-79">[79]</a> As a <a href="/wiki/Deepwater_port" class="mw-redirect" title="Deepwater port">deepwater port</a>, it is accessible to all types of ships whatever their size around the clock.<a href="#cite_note-port_auj-79">[79]</a> At the national level, Le Havre is 200 kilometres (124 mi) west of the most populous and richest region in France: <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a>. Since its founding in 1517 on the orders of <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_I" class="mw-redirect" title="François I">François I</a>, Le Havre has continued to grow: today it measures 27 km (17 mi) from east to west, about 5 km (3 mi) from north to south with an area of 10,000 hectares (24,711 acres).<a href="#cite_note-port_auj-79">[79]</a> The last big project called <a href="/wiki/Port_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Port 2000">Port 2000</a> increased the handling capacity for containers. The port provides 16,000 direct jobs<a href="#cite_note-LH_devt-78">[78]</a> to the Le Havre region, to which must be added indirect jobs in industry and transport. With approximately 3,000 employees in 2006, the activities of distribution and warehousing provide more jobs,<a href="#cite_note-emplois-80">[80]</a> followed by road transport (2,420 jobs) and handling (2,319 jobs).<a href="#cite_note-emplois-80">[80]</a> In 2011, 715,279 passengers passed through the port of Le Havre<a href="#cite_note-stat_GPMH2011-77">[77]</a> and there were 95 visits by <a href="/wiki/Cruise_ships" class="mw-redirect" title="Cruise ships">cruise ships</a> carrying 185,000 passengers.<a href="#cite_note-Oceanes154-81">[81]</a> The port expects 110 cuise ship calls in 2012. Created in 1934, the leisure boat harbour of Le Havre is located to the west and is the largest French boat harbour in the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">Channel</a> with a capacity of 1,160 moorings.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> Finally, there is a small fishing port in the Saint-François district and a <a href="/wiki/Hawker_(trade)" title="Hawker (trade)">Hawker centre</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industry">Industry</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Industry">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Centrale_thermique_Le_Havre.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Centrale_thermique_Le_Havre.JPG/220px-Centrale_thermique_Le_Havre.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Centrale_thermique_Le_Havre.JPG/330px-Centrale_thermique_Le_Havre.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Centrale_thermique_Le_Havre.JPG/440px-Centrale_thermique_Le_Havre.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1887" data-file-height="2700" /></a><figcaption>The EDF Thermal power plant of Le Havre.</figcaption></figure> Most industries are located in the industrial-port area north of the estuary and east of the city of Le Havre. The largest industrial employer (2,400 employees<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a>) of the Le Havre region is the Renault public company in the commune of <a href="/wiki/Sandouville" title="Sandouville">Sandouville</a>. The second important sector for the industrial zone is <a href="/wiki/Petrochemicals" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrochemicals">petrochemicals</a>. The Le Havre region has more than a third of French refining capacity. It provides about 50% of the production of basic plastics and 80% of additives and oils<a href="#cite_note-chimie-84">[84]</a> with more than 3,500 researchers working in private and public laboratories. Large firms in the chemical industry are mainly in the communes of Le Havre (Millenium Chemicals Le Havre), <a href="/wiki/Montivilliers" title="Montivilliers">Montivilliers</a> (<a href="/wiki/TotalEnergies" title="TotalEnergies">TotalEnergies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yara_International" title="Yara International">Yara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chevron_Corporation" title="Chevron Corporation">Chevron Oronite SA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanxess" title="Lanxess">Lanxess</a>, etc.) and <a href="/wiki/Sandouville" title="Sandouville">Sandouville</a> (<a href="/wiki/Goodyear_Tire_and_Rubber_Company" title="Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company">Goodyear Chemicals Europe</a>). A total of 28 industrial establishments manufacture plastics in the Le Havre area many of which are classed as SECESO. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] There are several firms in the aerospace industry: SAFRAN Nacelles, a supplier to <a href="/wiki/Airbus" title="Airbus">Airbus</a>, Boeing and other commercial air-framers, making jet engine nacelles and <a href="/wiki/Thrust_reversers" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrust reversers">thrust reversers</a>, is located in <a href="/wiki/Harfleur" title="Harfleur">Harfleur</a> and employs 1,200 people from the Le Havre area.<a href="#cite_note-aeronautique-85">[85]</a> Finally, <a href="/wiki/Dresser-Rand_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Dresser-Rand Group">Dresser-Rand SA</a> manufactures equipment for the oil and gas industry and employs about 700 people.<a href="#cite_note-dresser-86">[86]</a> In the energy field, the EDF thermal power plant of Le Havre has an installed capacity of 1,450MW and operates using coal with 357 employees.<a href="#cite_note-edf-87">[87]</a> The <a href="/wiki/AREVA" class="mw-redirect" title="AREVA">AREVA</a> group announced the opening of a factory for building <a href="/wiki/Wind_turbine" title="Wind turbine">wind turbines</a>: installed in the port of Le Havre, it should create some 1,800 jobs.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The machines are designed for <a href="/wiki/Offshore_wind_power" title="Offshore wind power">Offshore wind power</a> in Brittany, the UK, and <a href="/wiki/Normandy_(administrative_region)" title="Normandy (administrative region)">Normandy</a>. Other industries are dispersed throughout the Le Havre agglomeration: the Brûlerie du Havre, which belongs to Legal-Legoût, located in the district of Dollemard that roasts coffee, <a href="/wiki/Sidel" title="Sidel">Sidel</a> located both in the industrial area of Port of Le Havre and <a href="/wiki/Octeville-sur-Mer" title="Octeville-sur-Mer">Octeville-sur-Mer</a> designs and manufactures blow moulding machines and complete filling line machines for plastic bottles. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Services_sector">Services sector</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Services sector">edit</a>]</div> The two largest employers in the service sector are the Groupe Hospitalier du Havre with 4,384 staff<a href="#cite_note-groupe_hospi-89">[89]</a> and the City of Le Havre with 3,467 permanent employees.<a href="#cite_note-recrute-90">[90]</a> The city has long been home to many service companies whose activity is related to port operations: primarily the ship-owning companies and also the <a href="/wiki/Marine_insurance" title="Marine insurance">marine insurance</a> companies. The headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Delmas_(shipping_company)" title="Delmas (shipping company)">Delmas</a> (transport and communications, 1,200 employees) and SPB (Provident Society Banking, insurance, 500 employees) have settled recently at the entrance to the city. The head office of Groupama Transport (300 employees) is also present. The transport sector is the largest economic sector in Le Havre with 15.5% of employment. Logistics occupies a large part of the population and the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Syndicalist_Education_League" title="Industrial Syndicalist Education League">ISEL</a> trains engineers in this field. Since September 2007 the ICC has welcomed local students in their first year in the relocated Europe-Asia campus of the <a href="/wiki/Sciences_Po" title="Sciences Po">Institute of Political Studies of Paris</a>. Higher Education is represented by the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Le_Havre" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Le Havre">University of Le Havre</a> which employs 399 permanent professors and 850 lecturers<a href="#cite_note-chiffres_université-91">[91]</a> as well as by engineering companies like Auxitec and SERO. There are many growth factors in the tourist industry: <a href="/wiki/Blue_Flag_beach" title="Blue Flag beach">blue flag</a> rating, World Heritage status from UNESCO, the label <a href="/wiki/French_Towns_and_Lands_of_Art_and_History" title="French Towns and Lands of Art and History">French Towns and Lands of Art and History</a>, cruise ship development, a policy of value-creation from heritage, and the City of the Sea project. In January 2020 the city had 26 hotels with a total of 1,428 rooms.<a href="#cite_note-complet-69">[69]</a> Le Havre is the seat of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Le Havre. It manages the <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre_Octeville_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Havre Octeville Airport">Le Havre Octeville Airport</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events_and_festivals">Events and festivals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Events and festivals">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_Havre_(France)_f%C3%AAte_des_bretons_dans_le_quartier_Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Le_Havre_%28France%29_f%C3%AAte_des_bretons_dans_le_quartier_Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois.JPG/220px-Le_Havre_%28France%29_f%C3%AAte_des_bretons_dans_le_quartier_Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Le_Havre_%28France%29_f%C3%AAte_des_bretons_dans_le_quartier_Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois.JPG/330px-Le_Havre_%28France%29_f%C3%AAte_des_bretons_dans_le_quartier_Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Le_Havre_%28France%29_f%C3%AAte_des_bretons_dans_le_quartier_Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois.JPG/440px-Le_Havre_%28France%29_f%C3%AAte_des_bretons_dans_le_quartier_Saint-Fran%C3%A7ois.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Breton Festival in the Saint-François district</figcaption></figure> Le Havre's festival calendar is punctuated by a wide range of events. In spring a Children's Book Festival was recently created. In May there is the Fest Yves, a Breton festival in the Saint-François district. On the beach of Le Havre and Sainte-Adresse there is a <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> festival called Dixie Days in June. In July, <a href="/wiki/Detective_novels" class="mw-redirect" title="Detective novels">detective novels</a> are featured in the Polar room at the Beach hosted by The Black Anchors. Between the latter also in the context of Z'Estivales is an event offering many shows of <a href="/wiki/Street_art" title="Street art">street art</a> throughout the summer supplemented by the festival of world music MoZaïques at the fort of Sainte-Adresse in August since 2010. In mid-August there is a <a href="/wiki/Flower_parade" title="Flower parade">Flower parade</a> which passes through the streets of the central city. In the first weekend of September the marine element is highlighted in the Festival of the Sea. This is a race between Le Havre and <a href="/wiki/Bahia" title="Bahia">Bahia</a> in Brazil. Also every November there is a fair held in the Docks Café. The Autumn Festival in Normandy, organized by the departments of <a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eure" title="Eure">Eure</a>, and the Region of <a href="/wiki/Normandy_(administrative_region)" title="Normandy (administrative region)">Normandy</a>, runs from September to November and offers numerous concerts throughout the region as well as theatre performances and dance. In late October, since 2009, there is rock music festival which has been at the fort of Tourneville since the moving of the Papa's Production association site there. The West Park Festival, after its inauguration in 2004, has been held in the park of the town hall of Harfleur. Since 1 June 2006 a Biennale of contemporary Art has been organized by the group Partouche.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_heritage_and_architecture">Cultural heritage and architecture</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Cultural heritage and architecture">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_lh.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Panorama_lh.JPG/220px-Panorama_lh.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Panorama_lh.JPG/330px-Panorama_lh.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Panorama_lh.JPG/440px-Panorama_lh.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2056" /></a><figcaption>View of the rebuilt central city: the belfry of the town hall and the bell tower of the Church of Saint-Joseph du Havre.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abbaye_de_Graville_ensoleill%C3%A9e_(Le_Havre,_France).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Abbaye_de_Graville_ensoleill%C3%A9e_%28Le_Havre%2C_France%29.jpg/220px-Abbaye_de_Graville_ensoleill%C3%A9e_%28Le_Havre%2C_France%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Abbaye_de_Graville_ensoleill%C3%A9e_%28Le_Havre%2C_France%29.jpg/330px-Abbaye_de_Graville_ensoleill%C3%A9e_%28Le_Havre%2C_France%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Abbaye_de_Graville_ensoleill%C3%A9e_%28Le_Havre%2C_France%29.jpg/440px-Abbaye_de_Graville_ensoleill%C3%A9e_%28Le_Havre%2C_France%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4181" data-file-height="2777" /></a><figcaption>Graville Abbey</figcaption></figure> Many buildings in the city are classified as "historical monuments", but the 2000s marked the real recognition of Le Havre's architectural heritage. The city received the label "City of Art and History" in 2001, then in 2005 <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> inscribed the city of Le Havre as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>.<a href="#cite_note-unesco-9">[9]</a> The oldest building still standing in Le Havre is the Graville Abbey. The other medieval building in the city is the Chapel of Saint-Michel of Ingouville. Because of the bombing in 1944, heritage from the <a href="/wiki/Modern_era" title="Modern era">modern era</a> is rare: <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre_Cathedral" title="Le Havre Cathedral">Le Havre Cathedral</a>, the Church of Saint Francis, the Museum of the Hotel Dubocage of Bleville, the House of the ship-owner and the old palace of justice (now the Natural History Museum) are concentrated in the Notre-Dame and Saint-François areas. The buildings of the 19th century testify to the maritime and military vocations of the city: the Hanging Gardens, the Fort of Tourneville, Vauban docks, and the Maritime Villa. The heritage of the 1950s and 1960s which were the work of the <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Perret" title="Auguste Perret">Auguste Perret</a> workshop forms the most coherent architecture: the Church of Saint Francis and the Town Hall are the centrepieces. The all curved architecture of the "Volcano", designed by <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Niemeyer" title="Oscar Niemeyer">Oscar Niemeyer</a>, contrasts with that of the rebuilt centre. Finally, the reconstruction of many districts is a showcase for the architecture of the 21st century. Among the achievements by renowned architects are the Chamber of Commerce and Industry (René and Phine Weeke Dottelond), <a href="/wiki/Les_Bains_Des_Docks" title="Les Bains Des Docks">Les Bains Des Docks</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jean_Nouvel" title="Jean Nouvel">Jean Nouvel</a>).<a href="#cite_note-unesco-9">[9]</a> ° <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Churches">Churches</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Churches">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Le_Havre_Cathedral" title="Le Havre Cathedral">Le Havre Cathedral</a>: the first stone of the building was laid in 1536. It is the seat of the Bishop of Le Havre.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Church,_Le_Havre" title="St. Joseph's Church, Le Havre">Church of Saint Joseph</a>, one of the most recognized symbols of the city. The belltower is one of the tallest in France, rising to a height of 107 metres. It was designed by <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Perret" title="Auguste Perret">Auguste Perret</a>.</li> <li>Church of Saint Michel<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></li> <li>Church of Saint Vincent<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></li> <li>Church of Saint François<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></li> <li>Church of St. Anne<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></li> <li>Church of Saint Marie<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></li> <li>Chapel of Saint Michel d'Ingouville (15th century)<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a></li> <li>Graville Abbey, a monastery dedicated to Sainte Honorine, set in grounds on the northern bank of the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine River</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></li> <li>Presbyterian Reform Church (Église Réformée), 47 rue Anatole France, built in 1857, bombed in 1941, the roof and ceiling were rebuilt in 1953 by two architects from the famous <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Perret" title="Auguste Perret">Auguste Perret</a> office: Jacques Lamy and Gérard Dupasquier, The only building in town offering both ancient and the new Perret school of architecture in the same building. Holy Office each Sunday morning at 10.30.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Museums">edit</a>]</div> Five Museums in Le Havre have the distinction of being classified as Musées de France (Museums of France)<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> an official label granted only to museums of a high status. The five museums are: <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Museum_of_modern_art_André_Malraux_–_MuMa">Museum of modern art André Malraux – MuMa</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Museum of modern art André Malraux – MuMa">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_havre_musee_int.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Le_havre_musee_int.jpg/220px-Le_havre_musee_int.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Le_havre_musee_int.jpg/330px-Le_havre_musee_int.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Le_havre_musee_int.jpg/440px-Le_havre_musee_int.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1142" /></a><figcaption>Overview of the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_modern_art_Andr%C3%A9_Malraux_-_MuMa" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of modern art André Malraux - MuMa">Museum of modern art André Malraux - MuMa</a></figcaption></figure> The most important of the five, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_modern_art_Andr%C3%A9_Malraux_-_MuMa" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of modern art André Malraux - MuMa">Museum Malraux</a> was built in 1955 by the <a href="/wiki/Atelier_LWD" title="Atelier LWD">Atelier LWD</a> and was opened in 1961 by <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Malraux" title="André Malraux">André Malraux</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> This museum houses a collection of art from the late <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> until the 20th century. The impressionist paintings collections are the second most extensive in France after those of the <a href="/wiki/Orsay_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Orsay Museum">Orsay Museum</a> in Paris. The museum houses some paintings of <a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Claude Monet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Renoir" class="mw-redirect" title="Auguste Renoir">Auguste Renoir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Dufy" title="Raoul Dufy">Raoul Dufy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Degas" title="Edgar Degas">Edgar Degas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Musée_du_Vieux_Havre_(Museum_of_old_Le_Havre)">Musée du Vieux Havre (Museum of old Le Havre)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Musée du Vieux Havre (Museum of old Le Havre)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vieuxhavre1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Vieuxhavre1.jpg/220px-Vieuxhavre1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Vieuxhavre1.jpg/330px-Vieuxhavre1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Vieuxhavre1.jpg/440px-Vieuxhavre1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>An old house in Le Havre, now Musée du Vieux Havre</figcaption></figure> A Museum dedicated to the history of Le Havre with many objects from the <a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a> and the 19th century: furniture, old maps, statues, and paintings. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Musée_d'histoire_naturelle_(Museum_of_Natural_History)"><a href="/wiki/Natural_History_Museum_of_Le_Havre" title="Natural History Museum of Le Havre">Musée d'histoire naturelle (Museum of Natural History)</a></h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Musée d'histoire naturelle (Museum of Natural History)">edit</a>]</div> Founded in 1881 but heavily damaged during World War II, the Museum of Natural History is housed in Le Havre's former law courts, built in the mid-18th century; the façade and monumental staircase are listed as historical monuments. The museum houses mineralogy, zoology, ornithology, palaeontology and prehistory departments as well as 8,000 early 19th-century paintings from the collection of local naturalist and traveller <a href="/wiki/Charles-Alexandre_Lesueur" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles-Alexandre Lesueur">Charles-Alexandre Lesueur</a> (1778–1846).<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> The museum was destroyed during Allied bombings on 5 September 1944. The library was lost, along with its collections of photographs, scientific instruments and archives. The mineral and geological collections were all destroyed, including a rare collection of local mineral specimens of <a href="/wiki/Normandy_(administrative_region)" title="Normandy (administrative region)">Normandy</a>. The destruction of the museum was so intense, that all the catalogues, lists of donations, lists of purchases and other archives prevented even a precise inventory of all that was lost."<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="The_Shipowner's_house">The Shipowner's house</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: The Shipowner's house">edit</a>]</div> From the 18th century; like the Museum of Old Havre it is dedicated to the History of Le Havre and contains many relics from the <a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a> as well as furniture, old maps, statues, and paintings. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Museum_of_the_Priory_of_Graville">Museum of the Priory of Graville</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Museum of the Priory of Graville">edit</a>]</div> The Museum at the Priory of Graville displays many items of religious art including statues, madonnas, and other religious objects many of which are classified by the Ministry of Culture. It also houses the Gosselin collection of 206 model houses created by Jules Gosselin in the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Others">Others</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Others">edit</a>]</div> Other less important museums reflect the history of Le Havre and its maritime vocation. The apartment-control (Apartement-Temoine) was a standard apartment designed by in 1947–1950 and shows a place of daily life in the 1950s. The maritime museum displays objects related to the sea and the port. Finally, there are numerous exhibitions in the city such as the SPOT, a centre for <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_art" title="Contemporary art">contemporary art</a>,<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a> art galleries, and Le Portique – a contemporary art space opened in 2008; the municipal library of Le Havre regularly organizes exhibitions. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garden_Saint-Roch_in_Le_Havre_(France),_April_2012.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Garden_Saint-Roch_in_Le_Havre_%28France%29%2C_April_2012.JPG/220px-Garden_Saint-Roch_in_Le_Havre_%28France%29%2C_April_2012.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Garden_Saint-Roch_in_Le_Havre_%28France%29%2C_April_2012.JPG/330px-Garden_Saint-Roch_in_Le_Havre_%28France%29%2C_April_2012.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Garden_Saint-Roch_in_Le_Havre_%28France%29%2C_April_2012.JPG/440px-Garden_Saint-Roch_in_Le_Havre_%28France%29%2C_April_2012.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Saint Roch Square</figcaption></figure> Other attractions include: <ul><li>The former tribunal (18th century)</li> <li>The Town Hall: the modern <a href="/wiki/Bell_tower" title="Bell tower">belfry</a> which now contains offices</li> <li>The "Volcan" cultural centre built by <a href="/wiki/Oscar_Niemeyer" title="Oscar Niemeyer">Oscar Niemeyer</a></li> <li>Square St. Roch</li> <li>Japanese Garden</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatres,_auditoriums_and_concerts">Theatres, auditoriums and concerts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Theatres, auditoriums and concerts">edit</a>]</div> There are two main cultural axes in Le Havre: the central city and the Eure district. The Espace Oscar Niemeyer consists of a part of the "Great Volcano", a national theatre seating 1,093<a href="#cite_note-Volcan-107">[107]</a> (which houses the National Choreographic Centre of Le Havre Haute-Normandie directed by Hervé Robbe) and secondly the "Little Volcano" with a 250-seat multi-purpose hall<a href="#cite_note-Volcan-107">[107]</a> for live performances. The whole Espace Oscar Niemeyer has been worked on since 2011: the little volcano will be transformed into a multimedia library. As for the performances at the Great Volcano, they are now taking place in the old ferry terminal until the end of construction. Other cultural institutions of the city centre are being transformed: the cinema of art and a trial of Le Sirius facing the university will reopen in 2013. Le Tetris at the fort of Tourneville will, in 2013, be a place devoted to contemporary music. Other cultural venues are scattered in the city centre: the cinema Le Studio, the theatre of the City Hall (700 seats),<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> the Little Theatre (450 seats),<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> the Théâtre des Bains Douches (94 seats), Akté theatre (60 seats), and the Poulailler (Henhouse)) (associative theatre with 50 seats) host numerous shows each year. The National Choreographic Centre of Le Havre Haute-Normandie specialises in the creation and production of dance shows. Other shows and performances are given in other places and at the Conservatory Arthur Honegger. The second cultural centre of the city is in the Eure district near the Basin Vauban. Docks Océane is a multi-purpose hall (concerts, shows, and sporting events) which can accommodate up to 4,700 spectators in 1,800 square metres (19,000 sq ft).<a href="#cite_note-Docks-110">[110]</a> The largest cinema in Le Havre is located on the Docks Vauban (2,430 seats).<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> The Docks Café is an exhibition centre of 17,500 square metres (188,000 sq ft) used for shows, fairs, and exhibitions. The Magic Mirrors offers many concerts managed by the city and leased to private organizers. Following the closure of Cabaret Electric which was located in the Espace Oscar Niemeyer in 2011 a new auditorium, Le Tetris, is under construction at the Fort of Tourneville. It was scheduled to open in September 2013 with a large festival free-of-charge.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] It will consist of two halls with 800 and 200 seats, exhibition space, housing for artists in residence, a restaurant etc. Le Tetris will be a venue for contemporary music as well as theatre, dance, and visual arts. An "expectation" outside the walls was held on the site of the fort during 2012 and early 2013. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries_and_archives">Libraries and archives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Libraries and archives">edit</a>]</div> The main library is located in the city centre, named after the writer <a href="/wiki/Armand_Salacrou" title="Armand Salacrou">Armand Salacrou</a>. It has branches in all districts. A new multimedia library at the "Volcano" is being refurbished for 2014. Thousands of references are available in specialized libraries in the Higher School of Art, the Museum of André Malraux, and the Natural History Museum. Medieval manuscripts and <a href="/wiki/Incunable" title="Incunable">Incunables</a> are conserved at the public library. The archives of the city, at the Fort of Tourneville, possesses documents from the 16th to the 20th centuries.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Representations_in_visual_arts">Representations in visual arts</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Representations in visual arts">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Claude_Monet,_Impression,_soleil_levant.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Claude_Monet%2C_Impression%2C_soleil_levant.jpg/220px-Claude_Monet%2C_Impression%2C_soleil_levant.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Claude_Monet%2C_Impression%2C_soleil_levant.jpg/330px-Claude_Monet%2C_Impression%2C_soleil_levant.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Claude_Monet%2C_Impression%2C_soleil_levant.jpg/440px-Claude_Monet%2C_Impression%2C_soleil_levant.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1245" /></a><figcaption>Claude Monet, <a href="/wiki/Impression,_Sunrise" title="Impression, Sunrise">Impression, Sunrise</a>, 1872, painted in the Port of Le Havre.</figcaption></figure> The Port of Le Havre and the light on the estuary of the Seine inspired many painters: <a href="/wiki/Louis-Philippe_Crepin" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Philippe Crepin">Louis-Philippe Crepin</a> (1772–1851), <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Corot" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-Baptiste Corot">Jean-Baptiste Corot</a> (1796–1875), <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Isabey" title="Eugène Isabey">Eugène Isabey</a> (1803–1886), <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Gudin" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodore Gudin">Theodore Gudin</a> (1802–1880), <a href="/wiki/Adolphe-Felix_Cals" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolphe-Felix Cals">Adolphe-Felix Cals</a> (1810–1880), <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Millet" title="Jean-François Millet">Jean-François Millet</a> (1814–1875) in 1845,<a href="#cite_note-Millet-113">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Courbet" title="Gustave Courbet">Gustave Courbet</a> (1819–1877) etc.. It is to <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Boudin" title="Eugène Boudin">Eugène Boudin</a> (1824–1898) who created many representations of Le Havre in the 19th century. The artist lived for a time in the city. Thanks to its proximity to <a href="/wiki/Honfleur" title="Honfleur">Honfleur</a>, Le Havre was also represented by foreign artists such as <a href="/wiki/William_Turner_(artist)" class="mw-redirect" title="William Turner (artist)">William Turner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johan_Barthold_Jongkind" class="mw-redirect" title="Johan Barthold Jongkind">Johan Barthold Jongkind</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Stevens_(painter)" title="Alfred Stevens (painter)">Alfred Stevens</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Richard_Parkes_Bonington" title="Richard Parkes Bonington">Richard Parkes Bonington</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MuMA_-_Pissaro_-_L%27avant-port_du_Havre._Matin._Soleil._Mar%C3%A9e_montante.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/MuMA_-_Pissaro_-_L%27avant-port_du_Havre._Matin._Soleil._Mar%C3%A9e_montante.jpg/220px-MuMA_-_Pissaro_-_L%27avant-port_du_Havre._Matin._Soleil._Mar%C3%A9e_montante.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/MuMA_-_Pissaro_-_L%27avant-port_du_Havre._Matin._Soleil._Mar%C3%A9e_montante.jpg/330px-MuMA_-_Pissaro_-_L%27avant-port_du_Havre._Matin._Soleil._Mar%C3%A9e_montante.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/MuMA_-_Pissaro_-_L%27avant-port_du_Havre._Matin._Soleil._Mar%C3%A9e_montante.jpg/440px-MuMA_-_Pissaro_-_L%27avant-port_du_Havre._Matin._Soleil._Mar%C3%A9e_montante.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1612" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Camille Pissarro</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muma-lehavre.fr/en/collections/artworks-in-context/impressionism/the-outer-harbour-the-pilots-jetty/camille-pissarro">The Outer Harbour of Le Havre, Morning, Sun, Tide</a>, 1902, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_modern_art_Andr%C3%A9_Malraux_-_MuMa" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of modern art André Malraux - MuMa">Museum of modern art André Malraux - MuMa</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Claude_Monet" title="Claude Monet">Claude Monet</a> (1840–1926), a resident of Le Havre from the age of five, in 1872 painted Impression soleil levant (<a href="/wiki/Impression,_Sunrise" title="Impression, Sunrise">Impression, Sunrise</a>), a painting that gave its name to the <a href="/wiki/Impressionist" class="mw-redirect" title="Impressionist">impressionist</a> movement. In 1867–1868, he painted many seascapes in the Le Havre region (Terrasse à Sainte-Adresse (<a href="/wiki/Garden_at_Sainte-Adresse_(Monet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden at Sainte-Adresse (Monet)">Garden at Sainte-Adresse</a>), 1867 Bateaux quittant le port (Boats Leaving the Port), 1874). The <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Malraux" class="mw-redirect" title="Musée Malraux">Musée Malraux</a> houses some of his paintings : Waterlilies, London Parliament et Winter Sun at Lavacourt. Two other Impressionists, <a href="/wiki/Camille_Pissarro" title="Camille Pissarro">Camille Pissarro</a> (1830–1903) and <a href="/wiki/Maxime_Maufra" title="Maxime Maufra">Maxime Maufra</a> (1861–1918) also represented the port of Le Havre which also inspired <a href="/wiki/Paul_Signac" title="Paul Signac">Paul Signac</a> (1863–1935), <a href="/wiki/Albert_Marquet" title="Albert Marquet">Albert Marquet</a> (1875–1947), and <a href="/wiki/Maurice_de_Vlaminck" title="Maurice de Vlaminck">Maurice de Vlaminck</a> (1876–1958). Then came the school of <a href="/wiki/Fauvism" title="Fauvism">Fauvism</a> in which many artists did their training at Le Havre: <a href="/wiki/Othon_Friesz" title="Othon Friesz">Othon Friesz</a> (1879–1949), Henri de Saint-Delis (1876–1958), <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Dufy" title="Raoul Dufy">Raoul Dufy</a> (1877–1953), <a href="/wiki/Georges_Braque" title="Georges Braque">Georges Braque</a> (1882–1963), Raymond Lecourt (1882–1946), Albert Copieux (1885–1956), who followed the course of the School of Fine Arts of Le Havre in the time of Charles Lhuillier. They left a number of paintings on the theme of the city and the port. In 1899, <a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Toulouse-Lautrec" title="Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec">Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec</a> (1864–1901) painted La serveuse anglaise du Star (The English waitress of Star) (Museum Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi) of a girl he met in a bar in the city. Other painters who painted Le Havre and/or its surroundings such as Sainte-Adresse can be cited in particular: <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bazille" title="Frédéric Bazille">Frédéric Bazille</a>, John Gendall, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Couture" title="Thomas Couture">Thomas Couture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ambroise_Louis_Garneray" title="Ambroise Louis Garneray">Ambroise Louis Garneray</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> (Souvenir du Havre). <a href="/wiki/Jean_Dubuffet" title="Jean Dubuffet">Jean Dubuffet</a> studied at the School of Art in Le Havre. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinema">Cinema</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Cinema">edit</a>]</div> With nearly 70 films, Le Havre is one of the provincial cities most represented in the cinema.<a href="#cite_note-tournages-114">[114]</a> Several directors have chosen the port facilities as part of their movie: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L%27Atalante" title="L'Atalante">L'Atalante</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Vigo" title="Jean Vigo">Jean Vigo</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Shadows" title="Port of Shadows">Le Quai des brumes</a> by <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Carn%C3%A9" title="Marcel Carné">Marcel Carné</a> (1938)</li> <li>Un homme marche dans la ville by <a href="/wiki/Marcello_Pagliero" title="Marcello Pagliero">Marcello Pagliero</a> took place in the port and the Saint-François district after the Second World War.<a href="#cite_note-tournages-114">[114]</a></li> <li>Ce qu'ils imaginent by Anne Théron (2004)</li></ul> The city has also hosted the filming of several comedies such as: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Le_Cerveau" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Cerveau">Le Cerveau</a> by <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Oury" title="Gérard Oury">Gérard Oury</a> (1968)</li> <li>La Beuze (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disco_(2008_film)" title="Disco (2008 film)">Disco</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fairy" title="The Fairy">La Fée</a>, also presented at the <a href="/wiki/Directors%27_Fortnight" title="Directors' Fortnight">Directors' Fortnight</a> in 2011.</li></ul> The film by <a href="/wiki/Sophie_Marceau" title="Sophie Marceau">Sophie Marceau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trivial_(film)" title="Trivial (film)">La Disparue de Deauville</a>, made in 2007, contains many scenes around the port of Le Havre, in the Coty shopping centre of Coty and in the streets of the central city. The film <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre_(film)" title="Le Havre (film)">Le Havre</a> by <a href="/wiki/Aki_Kaurism%C3%A4ki" title="Aki Kaurismäki">Aki Kaurismäki</a> received two prizes at the <a href="/wiki/2011_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="2011 Cannes Film Festival">2011 Cannes Film Festival</a> and also the <a href="/wiki/Louis_Delluc_Prize" title="Louis Delluc Prize">Louis Delluc Prize</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Le_Monde-115">[115]</a> It was nominated three times for the <a href="/wiki/37th_C%C3%A9sar_Awards" title="37th César Awards">37th César Awards</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Literature">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bernardin_de_Saint-Pierre_statue_Le_Havre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Bernardin_de_Saint-Pierre_statue_Le_Havre.jpg/220px-Bernardin_de_Saint-Pierre_statue_Le_Havre.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Bernardin_de_Saint-Pierre_statue_Le_Havre.jpg/330px-Bernardin_de_Saint-Pierre_statue_Le_Havre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Bernardin_de_Saint-Pierre_statue_Le_Havre.jpg/440px-Bernardin_de_Saint-Pierre_statue_Le_Havre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="4288" /></a><figcaption>Statue of the writer <a href="/wiki/Bernardin_de_Saint-Pierre" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernardin de Saint-Pierre">Bernardin de Saint-Pierre</a> in front of the Law Courts in Le Havre.</figcaption></figure> Le Havre appears in several literary works as a point of departure to America: in the 18th century, <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Fran%C3%A7ois_Pr%C3%A9vost" class="mw-redirect" title="Antoine François Prévost">Father Prevost</a> embarked <a href="/wiki/Manon_Lescaut" title="Manon Lescaut">Manon Lescaut</a> and Des Grieux for <a href="/wiki/French_Louisiana" title="French Louisiana">French Louisiana</a>. Fanny Loviot departed from Le Havre in 1852, as an emigrant to San Francisco and points further west, and recounted her adventures in Les pirates chinois (A Lady's Captivity among Chinese Pirates in the Chinese Seas, 1858). In the 19th century, Le Havre was the setting for several French novels: <a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_de_Balzac" title="Honoré de Balzac">Honoré de Balzac</a> described the failure of a Le Havre merchant family in <a href="/wiki/Modeste_Mignon" title="Modeste Mignon">Modeste Mignon</a>. Later, the Norman writer <a href="/wiki/Guy_de_Maupassant" title="Guy de Maupassant">Guy de Maupassant</a> located several of his works at Le Havre such as Au muséum d'histoire naturelle (At the Museum of Natural History) a text published in Le Gaulois on 23 March 1881 and again in <a href="/wiki/Pierre_et_Jean" title="Pierre et Jean">Pierre et Jean</a>. <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_Allais" title="Alphonse Allais">Alphonse Allais</a> located his intrigues at Le Havre too. <a href="/wiki/La_B%C3%AAte_humaine" title="La Bête humaine">La Bête humaine</a> (The Human Beast) by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Zola" title="Émile Zola">Émile Zola</a> evokes the world of the railway and runs along the <a href="/wiki/Paris%E2%80%93Le_Havre_railway" title="Paris–Le Havre railway">Paris–Le Havre railway</a>. Streets, buildings, and public places in Le Havre pay tribute to other famous Le Havre people from this period: the writer <a href="/wiki/Casimir_Delavigne" title="Casimir Delavigne">Casimir Delavigne</a> (1793–1843) has a street named after him and a statue in front of the palace of justice alongside another man of letters, <a href="/wiki/Bernardin_de_Saint-Pierre" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernardin de Saint-Pierre">Bernardin de Saint-Pierre</a> (1737–1814). In the 20th century, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Miller" title="Henry Miller">Henry Miller</a> located part of the action in Le Havre in his masterpiece <a href="/wiki/Tropic_of_Cancer_(novel)" title="Tropic of Cancer (novel)">Tropic of Cancer</a>, published in 1934. <a href="/wiki/Bouville,_Seine-Maritime" title="Bouville, Seine-Maritime">Bouville</a> was the commune where the writer lived who wrote his diary in La Nausée (The Nausea) (1938) by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> who was inspired by Le Havre city where he wrote his first novel. There are also the testimonies of <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Queneau" title="Raymond Queneau">Raymond Queneau</a> (1903–1976), born in Le Havre, the city served as a framework for his novel Un rude hiver (A harsh winter) (1939). The plot of Une maison soufflée aux vents (A house blown to the winds) by <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Dano%C3%ABn" title="Émile Danoën">Émile Danoën</a>, winner of the Popular Novel Prize in 1951, and its sequel Idylle dans un quartier muré (Idyll in a walled neighbourhood) were located in Le Havre during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. Under the name Port de Brume Le Havre is the setting for three other novels by this author: Cerfs-volants (Kites), L'Aventure de Noël (The Adventure at Christmas), and La Queue à la pègre (Queue to the underworld). <a href="/wiki/Michel_Leiris" title="Michel Leiris">Michel Leiris</a> wrote De la littérature considérée comme une tauromachie (Of literature considered like a bullfight) in December 1945. <a href="/wiki/Diana_Gabaldon" title="Diana Gabaldon">Diana Gabaldon</a> set the second novel in her <a href="/wiki/Outlander_(book_series)" title="Outlander (book series)">Outlander series</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dragonfly_in_Amber" title="Dragonfly in Amber">Dragonfly in Amber</a> (1992), partly in Le Havre. Two <a href="/wiki/Mystery_novels" class="mw-redirect" title="Mystery novels">mystery novels</a> take place in Le Havre: Le Bilan Maletras (The Maletras Balance) by <a href="/wiki/Georges_Simenon" title="Georges Simenon">Georges Simenon</a> and Le Crime de Rouletabille (Crime at the Roulette table) by <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Leroux" title="Gaston Leroux">Gaston Leroux</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Rouge_Br%C3%A9sil" class="mw-redirect" title="Rouge Brésil">Rouge Brésil</a> (Red Brazil), winner of the <a href="/wiki/Prix_Goncourt" title="Prix Goncourt">Goncourt Prize</a> in 2001, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Christophe_Rufin" title="Jean-Christophe Rufin">Jean-Christophe Rufin</a> describes Le Havre in the 16th century as the port of departure of French expeditions to the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>: the hero <a href="/wiki/Villegagnon" class="mw-redirect" title="Villegagnon">Villegagnon</a> leaves of the port to conquer new lands for the French crown which become Brazil. Martine–Marie Muller tells the saga of a clan of <a href="/wiki/Stevedore" class="mw-redirect" title="Stevedore">Stevedores</a> from Le Havre in the 1950s to the 1970s in Quai des Amériques (Quay of the Americas). <a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Duteurtre" title="Benoît Duteurtre">Benoît Duteurtre</a> published in 2001, Le Voyage en France (Travel in France), for which he received the <a href="/wiki/Prix_M%C3%A9dicis" title="Prix Médicis">Prix Médicis</a>: the main character, a young American impassioned by France, lands at Le Havre which he describes in the first part of the novel. In 2008, Benoît Duteurtre publishes Les pieds dans l'eau (Feet in the water), a highly autobiographical book in which he describes his youth spent between Le Havre and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tretat" title="Étretat">Étretat</a>. The city hosted writers such as <a href="/wiki/Emile_Dano%C3%ABn" class="mw-redirect" title="Emile Danoën">Emile Danoën</a> (1920–1999) who grew up in the district of Saint-François, Yoland Simon (born 1941), and Philippe Huet (born 1955). Canadian poet <a href="/wiki/Octave_Cr%C3%A9mazie" title="Octave Crémazie">Octave Crémazie</a> (1827–1879) died at Le Havre and was buried in Saint Marie Cemetery. The playwright <a href="/wiki/Jacques-Fran%C3%A7ois_Ancelot" title="Jacques-François Ancelot">Jacques-François Ancelot</a> (1794–1854) was also a native of Le Havre. Two famous historians, <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Monod" title="Gabriel Monod">Gabriel Monod</a> (1844–1912) and <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Siegfried" title="André Siegfried">André Siegfried</a> (1875–1959) were from the city. Le Havre also appears in comic books: for example, in <a href="/wiki/L%27Oreille_cass%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Oreille cassée">L'Oreille cassée</a> (The Broken Ear) (1937), <a href="/wiki/Tintin_(character)" title="Tintin (character)">Tintin</a> embarks on the vessel City of Lyon sailing to South America. The meeting between Tintin and <a href="/wiki/General_Alcazar" class="mw-redirect" title="General Alcazar">General Alcazar</a> in Les Sept Boules de cristal (<a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Crystal_Balls" title="The Seven Crystal Balls">The Seven Crystal Balls</a>) (1948) is in Le Havre, according to notes by <a href="/wiki/Herg%C3%A9" title="Hergé">Hergé</a> in the margins of <a href="/wiki/Le_Soir" title="Le Soir">Le Soir</a>, the first publisher of this adventure. The first adventure of <a href="/wiki/Ric_Hochet" title="Ric Hochet">Ric Hochet</a> (1963), the designer <a href="/wiki/Tibet_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibet (comics)">Tibet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9-Paul_Duch%C3%A2teau" title="André-Paul Duchâteau">André-Paul Duchâteau</a>, Traquenard au Havre (Trap at Le Havre) shows the seaside and the port. Similarly, in 1967, for the album Rapt sur le France (Rapt on France), the hero passes by the ocean port. <a href="/wiki/Frank_Le_Gall" title="Frank Le Gall">Frank Le Gall</a>, in Novembre toute l'année (November all year) (2000) embarks Theodore Poussin at Le Havre on the Cap Padaran. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Le_Havre" title="Special:EditPage/Le Havre">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>. (February 2014) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Le Havre is the birthplace of many musicians and composers such as Henri Woollett (1864–1936), <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Caplet" title="André Caplet">André Caplet</a> (1878–1925)<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Honegger" title="Arthur Honegger">Arthur Honegger</a> (1892–1955).<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> There was also Victor Mustel (1815–1890) who was famous for having perfected the <a href="/wiki/Pump_organ" title="Pump organ">harmonium</a>.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> Le Havre has long been regarded as one of the cradles of French rock and <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a>. In the 1980s many groups have emerged after a first dynamic development in the 1960s and 1970s. The most famous personality of Le Havre rock is Little Bob who began his career in the 1970s. The port tradition in many of the groups was repeated in the unused sheds of the port, such as Bovis hall which could hold 20,000 spectators. A blues festival, driven by Jean-François Skrobek, Blues a Gogo existed for eight years from 1995 to 2002. Several artists have been produced such as: <a href="/wiki/Youssou_N%27Dour" title="Youssou N'Dour">Youssou N'Dour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Popa_Chubby" title="Popa Chubby">Popa Chubby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amadou_%26_Mariam" title="Amadou & Mariam">Amadou & Mariam</a>, Patrick Verbeke etc. It was organized by the Coup de Bleu association whose former president was head of music Café <a href="/wiki/L%27Agora" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Agora">L'Agora</a> in the Niemeyer Centre which produced the new Le Havre scene. During these same years, the Festival of the Future, the local version of the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%AAte_de_l%27Humanit%C3%A9" title="Fête de l'Humanité">Fête de l'Humanité</a> (Festival of Humanity), attracted a large audience. Currently, the musical tradition continues in the Symphony Orchestra of the city of Le Havre, the orchestra of Concerts André Caplet, the conservatory, and music schools such as the Centre for Vocal and Musical Expression (rock) or the JUPO (mainly <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>), associations or labels like Papa's Production (la Folie Ordinaire, Mob's et Travaux, Dominique Comont, Souinq, Your Happy End etc.). The organization by the association of West Park Festival since the 2000s in <a href="/wiki/Harfleur" title="Harfleur">Harfleur</a> and since 2004 at the Fort of Tourneville is a demonstration. Moreover, since 2008, the association I Love LH was started and promotes Le Havre culture and especially its music scene by organizing original cultural events as well as the free distribution of compilation music by local artists. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Board_game">Board game</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Board game">edit</a>]</div> Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre_(board_game)" title="Le Havre (board game)">Le Havre (board game)</a> Le Havre is a board game about the development of the town of Le Havre. It was inspired by the games Caylus and Agricola and was developed in December 2007.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Norman_language">Norman language</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: Norman language">edit</a>]</div> Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Norman_language" title="Norman language">Norman language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cauchois_dialect" title="Cauchois dialect">Cauchois dialect</a>. The legacy of the <a href="/wiki/Norman_language" title="Norman language">Norman language</a> is present in the language used by the people of Le Havre, part of which is identified as speaking <a href="/wiki/Cauchois_dialect" title="Cauchois dialect">cauchois</a>. Among the Norman words most used in Le Havre there are: boujou (hello, goodbye), clenche (door handle), morveux (veuse) (child), and bezot (te) (last born). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools">Schools</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Schools">edit</a>]</div> Le Havre is located in the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Rouen" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy of Rouen">Academy of Rouen</a>. The city operates 55 <a href="/wiki/Kindergarten" title="Kindergarten">kindergartens</a> (254 classes) and 49 communal primary schools (402 classes).<a href="#cite_note-maternelles-119">[119]</a> The department manages 16 colleges and the region of <a href="/wiki/Normandy_(administrative_region)" title="Normandy (administrative region)">Normandy</a> manages 9 schools.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> The Jules Valles college in Caucriauville is classified as a sensitive institution and eleven colleges are in a priority education zone (ZEP). A boarding school of excellence, the Claude Bernard college, opened in 2011. The first college in Le Havre dates to the 16th century, the high school François I was founded during the <a href="/wiki/French_Second_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="French Second Empire">Second Empire</a> and is the oldest in Le Havre. The philosopher <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> (1905–1980) and <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Aron" title="Raymond Aron">Raymond Aron</a> (1905–1983) taught there. The writer <a href="/wiki/Armand_Salacrou" title="Armand Salacrou">Armand Salacrou</a> (1899–1989) studied in this institution. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_junior_high_schools_(collèges)">Public junior high schools (collèges)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Public junior high schools (collèges)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li>Collège Claude Bernard</li> <li>Collège des Acacias</li> <li>Collège Descartes</li> <li>Collège Eugène Varlin</li> <li>Collège Gérard Philipe</li> <li>Collège Guy Moquet</li> <li>Collège Henri Wallon</li> <li>Collège Irène Joliot-Curie</li> <li>Collège Jacques Monod</li> <li>Collège Jean Moulin</li> <li>Collège Jules Vallès</li> <li>Collège Léo Lagrange</li> <li>Collège Raoul Dufy</li> <li>Collège Romain Rolland</li> <li>Collège Théophile Gautier</li> <li>Collège Marcel Pagnol</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Private_junior_high_schools">Private junior high schools</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Private junior high schools">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Collège du Sacré Cœur</li> <li>Collège Saint-Joseph</li> <li>Collège Les Ormeaux</li> <li>Collège Montesquieu</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_sixth-form_colleges/senior_high_schools">Public sixth-form colleges/senior high schools</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Public sixth-form colleges/senior high schools">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_Claude_Monet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée Claude Monet (page does not exist)">Lycée Claude Monet</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_et_technologique_Porte-Oc%C3%A9ane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée général et technologique Porte-Océane (page does not exist)">Lycée général et technologique Porte-Océane</a><a href="#cite_note-PO-123">[123]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_Fran%C3%A7ois_I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée François I (page does not exist)">Lycée François I</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_et_technologique_Robert_Schuman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée général et technologique Robert Schuman (page does not exist)">Lycée général et technologique Robert Schuman</a><a href="#cite_note-RS-124">[124]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_Jules_Siegfried&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée Jules Siegfried (page does not exist)">Lycée Jules Siegfried</a><a href="#cite_note-JS-125">[125]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Private_sixth-form_colleges/senior_high_schools">Private sixth-form colleges/senior high schools</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Private sixth-form colleges/senior high schools">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_Saint-Joseph&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée Saint-Joseph (page does not exist)">Lycée Saint-Joseph</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Public_vocational_high_schools">Public vocational high schools</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Public vocational high schools">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_technique_et_professionnel_Fran%C3%A7oise_de_Gr%C3%A2ce&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée technique et professionnel Françoise de Grâce (page does not exist)">Lycée technique et professionnel Françoise de Grâce</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_professionnel_Jules_Lecesne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée professionnel Jules Lecesne (page does not exist)">Lycée professionnel Jules Lecesne</a> (Hotel trades and services)<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_professionnel_Jules_Siegfried&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée professionnel Jules Siegfried (page does not exist)">Lycée professionnel Jules Siegfried</a> (Electronic and Mechanical trades)<a href="#cite_note-JS-125">[125]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_professionnel_Antoine_Laurent_de_Lavoisier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée professionnel Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier (page does not exist)">Lycée professionnel Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier</a> (Transport and Logistics – Metallic structures – automobiles)<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_professionnel_Auguste_Perret&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée professionnel Auguste Perret (page does not exist)">Lycée professionnel Auguste Perret</a> (Housing trades)<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_professionnel_Claude_Monet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée professionnel Claude Monet (page does not exist)">Lycée professionnel Claude Monet</a> (Accounting – Secretarial)<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_professionnel_Porte_Oc%C3%A9ane&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée professionnel Porte Océane (page does not exist)">Lycée professionnel Porte Océane</a> (Accounting – Secretarial)<a href="#cite_note-PO-123">[123]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_professionnel_Robert_Schuman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée professionnel Robert Schuman (page does not exist)">Lycée professionnel Robert Schuman</a> (Industry)<a href="#cite_note-RS-124">[124]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Private_vocational_high_schools">Private vocational high schools</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Private vocational high schools">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_professionnel_Germaine_Coty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée professionnel Germaine Coty (page does not exist)">Lycée professionnel Germaine Coty</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_professionnel_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée professionnel Saint Vincent de Paul (page does not exist)">Lycée professionnel Saint Vincent de Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lyc%C3%A9e_professionnel_Jeanne_d%27Arc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lycée professionnel Jeanne d'Arc (page does not exist)">Lycée professionnel Jeanne d'Arc</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Special_schools_and_higher_education">Special schools and higher education</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Special schools and higher education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BULH.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/BULH.jpg/220px-BULH.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/BULH.jpg/330px-BULH.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/BULH.jpg/440px-BULH.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1183" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>The interior of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Le_Havre" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Le Havre">University of Le Havre</a> library</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_Havre-_basin_and_ISEL_school.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Le_Havre-_basin_and_ISEL_school.JPG/220px-Le_Havre-_basin_and_ISEL_school.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Le_Havre-_basin_and_ISEL_school.JPG/330px-Le_Havre-_basin_and_ISEL_school.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Le_Havre-_basin_and_ISEL_school.JPG/440px-Le_Havre-_basin_and_ISEL_school.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2144" data-file-height="1424" /></a><figcaption>The Vauban Basin and the ISEL building (right)</figcaption></figure> In 2011 there were approximately 12,000 students in all disciplines in Le Havre.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Opened in 1986, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Le_Havre" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Le Havre">University of Le Havre</a> is recent, medium-sized and well located: the largest campus is virtually in the centre of the city near railway and <a href="/wiki/Tramway_du_Havre" class="mw-redirect" title="Tramway du Havre">tram</a> stations.<a href="#cite_note-accueil-132">[132]</a> The campus includes a University Library (2006), a gym, several dining halls with student housing, a structure incorporating a theatre, an orientation service, and student associations. In 2010–2011, 6,914 students were enrolled including 5,071 undergraduates, 1,651 Masters students, and 192 postgraduate students.<a href="#cite_note-mesr-133">[133]</a> The university also trains 317 engineering students<a href="#cite_note-mesr-133">[133]</a> including the Logistical Studies Higher Education Institute (ISEL). It offers 120 Diplomas of State prepared by the Faculty of Science and Technology, Faculty of International Affairs, and the Faculty of Arts and Humanities. Many courses are offered are related to the port operations, logistics, industry, and <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_development" title="Sustainable development">sustainable development</a>. Twelve languages are taught and 17% of students are foreigners.<a href="#cite_note-international-134">[134]</a> The University of Le Havre is also a research centre with nine laboratories. It works in partnership with other higher education institutions (<a href="/wiki/INSA_Rouen" class="mw-redirect" title="INSA Rouen">INSA Rouen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Instituts_d%27%C3%A9tudes_politiques" title="Instituts d'études politiques">IEP</a>, <a href="/wiki/IUFM" class="mw-redirect" title="IUFM">IUFM</a>, and Normandy University). The <a href="/wiki/University_Institutes_of_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="University Institutes of Technology">University Institutes of Technology</a> of Le Havre occupies two main sites: one in the upper town in the Caucriauville-Rouelles district which was opened in 1967 and another in the Eure district since 2011. The IUT has a total of 1,881 students divided into ten departments preparing for the DUT.<a href="#cite_note-mesr-133">[133]</a> There is also a branch of the teacher training institute of Rouen (IUFM) for two courses (CAPET of technology and CRPE school teacher). In addition there is a large number of specialized higher education institutions covering a wide range of different areas. Founded in 1871,<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> the École Supérieure de Commerce du Havre, one of the oldest in France, has merged with Sup Europe and l'IPER to create the <a href="/wiki/Normandy_Business_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Normandy Business School">Normandy Business School</a> in 2006. This school had over 2,800 students on its five campuses (Le Havre, <a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deauville" title="Deauville">Deauville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>) in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> Since the 2007 school year, the <a href="/wiki/Sciences_Po" title="Sciences Po">Institute of Political Studies of Paris</a> opened a Euro-Asia cycle<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> in Le Havre. The National School of The Merchant Marine trains Officers of the First Class for the Merchant Marine: currently located at Sainte-Adresse, it will move to the Bassin Vauban in 2015 in a building that will house 1,000 students.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> The <a href="/wiki/IFP_School" title="IFP School">National Higher School of Petrol and Motors</a> (ENSPM) is a school for specialist petroleum engineers, petrochemists, and engine makers. The ITIP (National Institute for International Transportation and Ports) prepares students for careers in the <a href="/wiki/Multimodal_transport" title="Multimodal transport">multimodal transport</a> and port business. The (Institut national des sciences appliquées|National Institute of Applied Sciences of Rouen) (INSA) opened a branch in Le Havre in 2008 with a civil engineering and sustainable construction department. The SPI (Axis of Science for the Engineer) is expected to reopen in 2012 in a new building in the Eure district.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> In the arts, the Conservatory of Departmental Radiance <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Honegger" title="Arthur Honegger">Arthur Honegger</a> is attended by 1,680 students (music, dance and drama).<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> The Graduate School of Art of Le Havre (ESAH) offers several degrees and preparation for competition. Finally 800 people study in paramedical and social schools mostly in the IFSI (Institute of Training in Nursing) which has approximately 600 students.<a href="#cite_note-mesr-133">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: Sports">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Port_vauban.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Port_vauban.jpg/220px-Port_vauban.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Port_vauban.jpg/330px-Port_vauban.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Port_vauban.jpg/440px-Port_vauban.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2917" data-file-height="2056" /></a><figcaption>Port Vauban</figcaption></figure> The city of Le Havre has some of the oldest sports clubs in France: the Le Havre Rowing Society (1838),<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> the Regatta Society of Le Havre (1838), and Le Havre Athletic Club (1872), doyen of French football and rugby clubs.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> The city also hosted the <a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the Summer Olympics">sailing</a> events for the <a href="/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics" title="1900 Summer Olympics">1900</a> and <a href="/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics" title="1924 Summer Olympics">1924 Summer Olympics</a>, respectively. Le Havre is dominated by three professional sports teams: the first is the <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre_AC" title="Le Havre AC">Le Havre AC</a> football team who were relegated from <a href="/wiki/Ligue_1" title="Ligue 1">Ligue 1</a> after the 2008–2009 season but gained promotion back to Ligue 1 in 2023. Its training centre is well-reputed for having trained a number of international French players, including <a href="/wiki/Vikash_Dhorasoo" title="Vikash Dhorasoo">Vikash Dhorasoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Julien_Faubert" title="Julien Faubert">Julien Faubert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Alain_Boumsong" title="Jean-Alain Boumsong">Jean-Alain Boumsong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lassana_Diarra" title="Lassana Diarra">Lassana Diarra</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Steve_Mandanda" title="Steve Mandanda">Steve Mandanda</a>. The second major sports team is <a href="/wiki/STB_Le_Havre" title="STB Le Havre">Saint Thomas Basketball</a> who represent the city in <a href="/wiki/LNB_Pro_A" class="mw-redirect" title="LNB Pro A">LNB Pro A</a>. Thirdly the HAC women's team who play in the first division with many international players in its ranks. The team won their first major national title, the Coupe de France for women's handball in 2006. Le Havre Rugby athletic club plays in <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9rale_3" title="Fédérale 3">Fédérale 3</a> (equivalent to fifth division). The Hockey Club of Le Havre played at the fourth level nationally (Division 3) for the 2008–2009 season. The team is nicknamed the "Dock's du Havre".<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> The maritime side of the city is found in many sports: for example, the tradition of sailing is old. On 29 July 1840 the first French pleasure boat <a href="/wiki/Regatta" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatta">regatta</a> was held. Today, Le Havre is known as a water sports and <a href="/wiki/Seaside_resort" title="Seaside resort">Seaside resort</a>. The marina can host deepwater vessels around the clock in any weather. Built in the <a href="/wiki/Interwar_period" title="Interwar period">Interwar period</a>, it is now the largest in <a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a> with about 1,300 moorings<a href="#cite_note-Stat-147">[147]</a> additional moorings were installed in the Vauban basin in 2011–2012.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> The Havraise Rowing Society has trained many rowers to a high level as Thierry Renault. The Club Nautique Le Havrais (CNH) is the centre of mixed swimming, synchronized swimming, and men's water polo. The Centre Nautique Paul Vatine is the fifth largest club in the country for the number of sports licenses it holds; it ranks second in the Division 1 of the Championship France for Catamaran Clubs.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Several major local sportsmen began their career at Le Havre: the swimmer <a href="/wiki/Hugues_Duboscq" title="Hugues Duboscq">Hugues Duboscq</a> was an Olympic medallist several times. In judo the French team has two members from Le Havre: Dimitri Dragin and Baptiste Leroy. <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Le_Banner" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerome Le Banner">Jerome Le Banner</a> is a professional <a href="/wiki/Kickboxing" title="Kickboxing">kick-boxer</a> at world level who participates in the <a href="/wiki/K-1" title="K-1">K-1</a> championship. Finally the navigator Paul Vatine, who was lost at sea in 1999, won the <a href="/wiki/Transat_Jacques_Vabre" title="Transat Jacques Vabre">Transat Jacques Vabre</a> several times. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Facilities">Facilities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Facilities">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stade_Oc%C3%A9ane_nuit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Stade_Oc%C3%A9ane_nuit.jpg/220px-Stade_Oc%C3%A9ane_nuit.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Stade_Oc%C3%A9ane_nuit.jpg/330px-Stade_Oc%C3%A9ane_nuit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Stade_Oc%C3%A9ane_nuit.jpg/440px-Stade_Oc%C3%A9ane_nuit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="532" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Stade_Oc%C3%A9ane" title="Stade Océane">Stade Océane</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_Havre_skatepark.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Le_Havre_skatepark.jpg/220px-Le_Havre_skatepark.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Le_Havre_skatepark.jpg/330px-Le_Havre_skatepark.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Le_Havre_skatepark.jpg/440px-Le_Havre_skatepark.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption>The skatepark</figcaption></figure> The city has 99 sports facilities including 46 gymnasiums, 23 sports fields, and 5 swimming pools.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Stade_Oc%C3%A9ane" title="Stade Océane">Stade Océane</a> (Ocean Stadium), inaugurated in July 2012, replaced the <a href="/wiki/Stade_Jules_Deschaseaux" title="Stade Jules Deschaseaux">Stade Jules Deschaseaux</a>. With 25,000 seats, it can host football matches as well as other sporting and cultural events.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> Basketball and Handball matches are playued in the <a href="/wiki/Dock_Oc%C3%A9ane" title="Dock Océane">Dock Océane</a> hall (3600 seats) while <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> is played at the ice hockey rink (900 seats). Of the five swimming pools in the city, two are operated by the municipality: the CNH (which has an Olympic pool for competitions) and <a href="/wiki/Les_Bains_Des_Docks" title="Les Bains Des Docks">Les Bains Des Docks</a> (which was designed by the architect <a href="/wiki/Jean_Nouvel" title="Jean Nouvel">Jean Nouvel</a>). Le Havre has the largest free outdoor <a href="/wiki/Skatepark" title="Skatepark">skatepark</a> in France with approximately 7,000 m2 allocated to the urban <a href="/wiki/Boardsport" title="Boardsport">Boardsport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> The port infrastructure allows for many water activities such as sailing, fishing, canoeing, and rowing. Finally, the beach is a place for <a href="/wiki/Kitesurfing" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitesurfing">kitesurfing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windsurfing" title="Windsurfing">windsurfing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">surfing</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Events">Events</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Events">edit</a>]</div> Le Havre has been and is still the venue of major sports events: the Tour de France has passed a dozen times by the Ocean Gate, the last stage took place here in 2015. Sailing events are often held and the <a href="/wiki/Transat_Jacques_Vabre" title="Transat Jacques Vabre">Transat Jacques Vabre</a> transatlantic race has been held every two years since 1993 linking Le Havre to Latin America. The course of the <a href="/wiki/Solitaire_du_Figaro" title="Solitaire du Figaro">Solitaire du Figaro</a> was partly in Le Havre in 2010. Since 2006, weekends of freestyle board sports have been popular (skateboarding, rollerblading, funboard, kiteboarding, skydiving etc.). Every summer roller blade events are organized in the city on Friday evening every fortnight and have great success. The first International Triathlon was held in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> Finally, there are several opportunities for runners with ten kilometres (6.2 miles) in Le Havre or the strides of Montgeon. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media">Media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> Five newspapers cover the Le Havre agglomeration: the dailies Le Havre libre, Le Havre Presse, Paris Normandie in its Le Havre edition in collaboration with Le Havre Presse and Liberté-Dimanche (communal Sunday edition of the previous three) are part of the Hersant group which is currently in serious financial trouble and looking for a buyer. A free weekly of information, Le Havre Infos (PubliHebdo group<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a>) has been published since 2010 every Wednesday and is available in many places in the city.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> Several magazines provide local information: LH Océanes (Municipal magazine) and Terres d'Agglo (Agglomeration Area magazine) to which must be added several free magazines: Aux Arts (cultural information more focused on the <a href="/wiki/Basse-Normandie" class="mw-redirect" title="Basse-Normandie">Basse-Normandie</a> region) Bazart (cultural events in Le Havre but now with circulation across all of Normandy), and HAC Magazine (news about <a href="/wiki/Havre_Athletic_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Havre Athletic Club">HAC</a>). Several newspapers are also available on the Internet: Infocéane, Le Havre on the Internet. A local televised edition on <a href="/wiki/France_3" title="France 3">France 3</a>, France 3 Baie de Seine, is broadcast every evening then again on France 3 Haute Normandie. Radio Albatros is a local station installed in the Sanvic du Havre district transmitting on FM frequency 88.2.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> Radio Vallée de la Lézarde, based in <a href="/wiki/%C3%89pouville" title="Épouville">Épouville</a>, RESONANCE on 98.9, and RCF Le Havre are other radio stations. It was in Le Havre radio stations that the journalist and television host <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Ruquier" title="Laurent Ruquier">Laurent Ruquier</a>, who was born in Le Havre in 1963, began his career. Several national and regional radio stations are relays for Le Havre: local information on France Bleu Haute Normandie, local relay from 12 noon to 4pm on Virgin radio Normandie 101.8 FM, local relay for Information from 6am to 9am and from 4pm to 8pm on NRJ Le Havre 92.5 FM. Associations like LHnouslanuit and Only-Hit have tried to develop alternative and cultural local radio by featuring local community associations (Papa's Production, Ben Salad Prod, Asso6Sons, Agend'Havre, Pied Nu, I Love LH).<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LeHavreCathedrale4.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/LeHavreCathedrale4.JPG/220px-LeHavreCathedrale4.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/LeHavreCathedrale4.JPG/330px-LeHavreCathedrale4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/LeHavreCathedrale4.JPG/440px-LeHavreCathedrale4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The nave of <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre_Cathedral" title="Le Havre Cathedral">Le Havre Cathedral</a>.</figcaption></figure> At the request of Monsigneur André Mulch, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Rouen" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Rouen">Archbishop of Rouen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Pope Paul VI</a> decided on 6 July 1974 through the <a href="/wiki/Papal_bull" title="Papal bull">papal bull</a> Quae Sacrosanctum on the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Le_Havre" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Le Havre">diocese of Le Havre</a> (Portus Gratiae in <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> meaning "Port of Grace"). The diocese was created from part of the parishes of the <a href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Rouen" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Rouen">Archdiocese of Rouen</a> to the west of a line joining <a href="/wiki/Norville" title="Norville">Norville</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sassetot-le-Mauconduit" title="Sassetot-le-Mauconduit">Sassetot-le-Mauconduit</a>. Monseigneur Michel Saudreau, its first bishop, was ordained on 22 September 1974. The church of Notre Dame was promoted to <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre_Cathedral" title="Le Havre Cathedral">Cathedral Notre Dame du Havre</a>. Today, the commune of Le Havre is divided into eight <a href="/wiki/Parishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Parishes">parishes</a><a href="#cite_note-Diocèse-159">[159]</a> and 24 places of worship (churches and chapels). The oldest chapel is Saint-Michel d'Ingouville which dates back to the 11th century. The <a href="/wiki/St._Joseph%27s_Church,_Le_Havre" title="St. Joseph's Church, Le Havre">Church of Saint Joseph du Havre</a>, built by <a href="/wiki/Auguste_Perret" title="Auguste Perret">Auguste Perret</a>, dominates the city with its spire 107m high. There are several monastic establishments (Carmel of the Transfiguration, <a href="/wiki/Franciscan" class="mw-redirect" title="Franciscan">Franciscan</a> Monastery, <a href="/wiki/Little_Sisters_of_the_Poor" title="Little Sisters of the Poor">Little Sisters of the Poor</a>, etc.). The Protestant Church of Le Havre was built in the city centre in 1862. Bombed in 1941, it lost its <a href="/wiki/Pediment" title="Pediment">pediment</a>, its <a href="/wiki/Bell_tower" title="Bell tower">bell tower</a>, and roof. Rebuilt in 1953 by the architects Jacques Lamy and Gérard Dupasquier,<a href="#cite_note-Steiner114-160">[160]</a> who worked in the Auguste Perret office, is the only building in Le Havre uniting the original architecture of the 19th century with the architecture of the Perret school. Le Havre also has seven evangelical Protestant churches: Salvation Army, Seventh Day Adventist, Apostolic Church, Assembly of God, Baptist Church, Good News Church, et Church of Le Havre as well as several Protestant churches of African origin. The city also has seven Muslim places of worship: the socio-cultural association of Muslims in Upper Normandy, En-Nour Mosque on Rue Paul Claudel, El Fath Mosque on rue Victor Hugo, Bellevue mosque on rue Gustavus Brindeau, and three prayer rooms located on rue Audran, Boulevard Jules Durant, and rue Lodi. The synagogue, located in the rebuilt central city, was visited by President <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a> in April 2002.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> It is the seat of the association consistoriale israélite du Havre whose president is Victor Elgressy. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> Le Havre was the birthplace of: <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GeorgesDeScudery.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/GeorgesDeScudery.jpg/140px-GeorgesDeScudery.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/GeorgesDeScudery.jpg/210px-GeorgesDeScudery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/GeorgesDeScudery.jpg/280px-GeorgesDeScudery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Georges_de_Scud%C3%A9ry" title="Georges de Scudéry">Georges de Scudéry</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesueur_Charles-Alexandre_1818.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Lesueur_Charles-Alexandre_1818.JPG/140px-Lesueur_Charles-Alexandre_1818.JPG" decoding="async" width="140" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Lesueur_Charles-Alexandre_1818.JPG/210px-Lesueur_Charles-Alexandre_1818.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Lesueur_Charles-Alexandre_1818.JPG/280px-Lesueur_Charles-Alexandre_1818.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1422" data-file-height="1773" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charles_Alexandre_Lesueur" title="Charles Alexandre Lesueur">Charles Alexandre Lesueur</a>, 1818</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ren%C3%A9_Coty_-_1954.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ren%C3%A9_Coty_-_1954.jpg/140px-Ren%C3%A9_Coty_-_1954.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ren%C3%A9_Coty_-_1954.jpg/210px-Ren%C3%A9_Coty_-_1954.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ren%C3%A9_Coty_-_1954.jpg/280px-Ren%C3%A9_Coty_-_1954.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Coty" title="René Coty">René Coty</a>, 1954</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Georges_de_Scud%C3%A9ry" title="Georges de Scudéry">Georges de Scudéry</a> (1601–1667), novelist, <a href="/wiki/Playwright" title="Playwright">dramatist</a> and poet.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_de_Scud%C3%A9ry" title="Madeleine de Scudéry">Madeleine de Scudéry</a> (1607–1701), writer.<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Henri_Bernardin_de_Saint-Pierre" title="Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre">Jacques-Henri Bernardin de Saint-Pierre</a> (1737–1814), writer and botanist.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Alexandre_Lesueur" title="Charles Alexandre Lesueur">Charles Alexandre Lesueur</a> (1778–1846), naturalist, artist and explorer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_%C4%90aja" title="Ivan Đaja">Ivan Đaja</a> (1884–1957), biologist, physiologist, author and philosopher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casimir_Delavigne" title="Casimir Delavigne">Casimir Delavigne</a> (1793–1843), poet and dramatist.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Fran%C3%A7ois_Ancelot" title="Jacques-François Ancelot">Jacques-François Ancelot</a> (1794–1854), dramatist and litterateur.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rick_Lema%C3%AEtre" title="Frédérick Lemaître">Frédérick Lemaître</a> (1800–1876), actor and playwright.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Gautier_(historian)" title="Léon Gautier (historian)">Léon Gautier</a> (1832–1897), literary historian.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Monod" title="Gabriel Monod">Gabriel Monod</a> (1844–1912), historian.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred-Louis_Brunet-Debaines" title="Alfred-Louis Brunet-Debaines">Alfred-Louis Brunet-Debaines</a> (1845–<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1935), artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juliette_Heuzey" title="Juliette Heuzey">Juliette Heuzey</a> (1865-1952), writer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bachelier" title="Louis Bachelier">Louis Bachelier</a> (1870–1946), mathematician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_Dufy" title="Raoul Dufy">Raoul Dufy</a> (1877–1953), painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Caplet" title="André Caplet">André Caplet</a> (1878–1925), composer and conductor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Coty" title="René Coty">René Coty</a> (1882–1962), <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the French Republic">French president</a> (1954–1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzanne_Balguerie" title="Suzanne Balguerie">Suzanne Balguerie</a> (1888–1973), French <a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">soprano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Honegger" title="Arthur Honegger">Arthur Honegger</a> (1892–1955), composer, a member of <a href="/wiki/Les_Six" title="Les Six">Les Six</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Roberts_(archbishop)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Roberts (archbishop)">Thomas Roberts</a> (1893–1976), Roman Catholic archbishop</li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Dubuffet" title="Jean Dubuffet">Jean Dubuffet</a> (1901–1985), artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Mallon" title="Jean Mallon">Jean Mallon</a> (1904–1982), palaeographer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Queneau" title="Raymond Queneau">Raymond Queneau</a> (1903–1976), poet and novelist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Leguerney" title="Jacques Leguerney">Jacques Leguerney</a> (1906–1997), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dicte_Pesle" title="Bénédicte Pesle">Bénédicte Pesle</a> (1927–2018), arts patron</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Danno" title="Jacqueline Danno">Jacqueline Danno</a> (1931-2021). actress and singer.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_Murail" title="Tristan Murail">Tristan Murail</a> (born 1947), composer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvire_Murail" title="Elvire Murail">Elvire Murail</a> (born 1958), writer for children</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Ruquier" title="Laurent Ruquier">Laurent Ruquier</a> (born 1963), journalist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govy" title="Govy">govy</a>, (1981-2023), artist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Sport">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Fr%C3%A8re" title="Paul Frère">Paul Frère</a> (1917–2008), Belgian racing driver</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilfried_Nancy" title="Wilfried Nancy">Wilfried Nancy</a> (born 1977), football manager</li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Le_Banner" title="Jérôme Le Banner">Jérôme Le Banner</a> (born 1972), kickboxer and K-1 fighter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vikash_Dhorasoo" title="Vikash Dhorasoo">Vikash Dhorasoo</a>, (born 1973), international footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Davidas" title="Olivier Davidas">Olivier Davidas</a> (born 1981), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Dragin" title="Dimitri Dragin">Dimitri Dragin</a> (born 1984), judoka</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julien_Faubert" title="Julien Faubert">Julien Faubert</a> (born 1983), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Anin" class="mw-redirect" title="Kevin Anin">Kevin Anin</a> (born 1986), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gue%C3%AFda_Fofana" title="Gueïda Fofana">Gueïda Fofana</a> (born 1991), footballer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaylen_Hoard" title="Jaylen Hoard">Jaylen Hoard</a> (born 1999), French-American basketball player for <a href="/wiki/Hapoel_Tel_Aviv_B.C." title="Hapoel Tel Aviv B.C.">Hapoel Tel Aviv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Delaunay" title="Dan Delaunay">Dan Delaunay</a> (born 1995), professional <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">footballer</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others,_associated_with_the_city">Others, associated with the city</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: Others, associated with the city">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rex_Cherryman" title="Rex Cherryman">Rex Cherryman</a> (1896–1928), American actor, died here</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> (1905–1980), philosopher, taught at the Lycée François-Ier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Demarchelier" title="Patrick Demarchelier">Patrick Demarchelier</a> (1943–2022), fashion photographer, spent his childhood in Le Havre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christine_Lagarde" title="Christine Lagarde">Christine Lagarde</a> (born 1956), IMF managing director, grew up in Le Havre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Vi%C3%A9net" title="René Viénet">René Viénet</a> (born 1944), sinologist</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/48px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/64px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Marie_Poisson" title="Pierre-Marie Poisson">Pierre-Marie Poisson</a>, Le Havre War Memorial</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Baumel" title="Jean-Marie Baumel">Jean-Marie Baumel</a>, sculpture of several bas-reliefs in Le Havre</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>(in French) Michel de Boüard, History of Normandy, Toulouse, 2001, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7089-1707-2" title="Special:BookSources/2-7089-1707-2">2-7089-1707-2</a></li> <li>(in French) Pierre Gras, The Time of Ports, Decline and Recovery of Port Cities (1940–2010), Tallandier, 2010, 298 pages, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-84734-675-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-84734-675-6">978-2-84734-675-6</a></li> <li>(in French) Claire Étienne-Steiner, Le Havre. City, Port, and Agglomeration, Connaissance du patrimoine de Haute-Normandie, Rouen, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-910316-19-X" title="Special:BookSources/2-910316-19-X">2-910316-19-X</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: Footnotes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.francetvinfo.fr/politique/gouvernement-d-edouard-philippe/edouard-philippe-est-officiellement-reelu-maire-du-havre-avec-47-des-59-voix-du-conseil-municipal_4035373.html">"Elections municipales 2020 : Edouard Philippe est officiellement réélu maire du Havre"</a>. Franceinfo. 5 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Franceinfo&rft.atitle=Elections+municipales+2020+%3A+Edouard+Philippe+est+officiellement+r%C3%A9%C3%A9lu+maire+du+Havre&rft.date=2020-07-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.francetvinfo.fr%2Fpolitique%2Fgouvernement-d-edouard-philippe%2Fedouard-philippe-est-officiellement-reelu-maire-du-havre-avec-47-des-59-voix-du-conseil-municipal_4035373.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.data.gouv.fr/fr/datasets/r/2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503">"Répertoire national des élus: les maires"</a> (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 30 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+national+des+%C3%A9lus%3A+les+maires&rft.pub=data.gouv.fr%2C+Plateforme+ouverte+des+donn%C3%A9es+publiques+fran%C3%A7aises&rft.date=2023-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.data.gouv.fr%2Ffr%2Fdatasets%2Fr%2F2876a346-d50c-4911-934e-19ee07b0e503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-popleg2021-3"><a href="#cite_ref-popleg2021_3-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/7725600?geo=COM-76351">"Populations légales 2021"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies</a>. 28 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Populations+l%C3%A9gales+2021&rft.pub=The+National+Institute+of+Statistics+and+Economic+Studies&rft.date=2023-12-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F7725600%3Fgeo%3DCOM-76351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-insee2018-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-insee2018_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-insee2018_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-insee2018_4-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/1405599?geo=AAV2020-039+UU2020-76701+COM-76351">Comparateur de territoire</a>, <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a>, consulted on 16 June 2022 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Reference-AHD-Le_Havre" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Le+Havre">"Le Havre"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_American_Heritage_Dictionary_of_the_English_Language" title="The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language">The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</a> (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 21 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.atitle=Le+Havre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ahdictionary.com%2Fword%2Fsearch.html%3Fq%3DLe%2BHavre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220718184757/https://www.lexico.com/definition/le_havre">"Le Havre"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. 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Retrieved 21 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Le+Havre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FLe%2520Havre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.habitants.fr/seine-maritime-76">"Le nom des habitants du 76 - Seine-Maritime"</a>. 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Retrieved 13 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Le+Havre%2C+the+City+Rebuilt+by+Auguste+Perret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1181&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141210053901/http://www.cnvvf.fr/les_villes_et_village_fleuris-47.html">"Site officiel du Label Villes et Villages Fleuris"</a>. www.villes-et-villages-fleuris.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.villes-et-villages-fleuris.com/les_villes_et_village_fleuris-47.html">the original</a> on 10 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Site+officiel+du+Label+Villes+et+Villages+Fleuris&rft.pub=www.villes-et-villages-fleuris.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.villes-et-villages-fleuris.com%2Fles_villes_et_village_fleuris-47.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Beaurepaire-92-93-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Beaurepaire-92-93_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beaurepaire-92-93_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Beaurepaire-92-93_11-2">c</a> François de Beaurepaire (pref. Marianne Mulon), The names of Communes and former parishes of Seine-Maritime, Paris, A. et J. Picard, 1979, 180 p., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7084-0040-1" title="Special:BookSources/2-7084-0040-1">2-7084-0040-1</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/6403150">6403150</a>, p. 92-93 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnrtl.fr/lexicographie/Havre">Lexicographic definitions</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnrtl.fr/etymologie/Havre">etymologies</a> of Havre, TLFi, on the CNRTL website (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> Elisabeth Ridel, The Vikings and the words: The contribution of old Scandinavian to the French language, éditions errance, Paris, 2009, p. 203, 226, 227, 228. (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBullock2009" class="citation book cs1">Bullock, Arthur (2009). Gloucestershire Between the Wars: A Memoir. The History Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-4793-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7524-4793-3"><bdi>978-0-7524-4793-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gloucestershire+Between+the+Wars%3A+A+Memoir&rft.pub=The+History+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7524-4793-3&rft.aulast=Bullock&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> Pages 102-110. </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adcf.org/urbanisme/Redecoupage-des-unites-urbaines-poursuite-de-l-expansion-urbaine-760.html">Rezoning of Urban areas: seeking urban expansion</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140116185410/http://www.adcf.org/urbanisme/Redecoupage-des-unites-urbaines-poursuite-de-l-expansion-urbaine-760.html">Archived</a> 16 January 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Assemblée des Communautés de France, consulted on 19 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agglo-lehavre.fr/delia-CMS/page/all-1/article_id-/article_principal_id-/folder_id-/topic_id-3/presentation.html">Editorial</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍], CODAH, consulted on 19 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Google-17"><a href="#cite_ref-Google_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Le+Havre,+France/@49.4958105,0.131185,12z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x47e02f2395218b7d:0x5bc1867aaf33af12">"Le Havre"</a>. Le Havre.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Havre&rft.atitle=Le+Havre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fmaps%2Fplace%2FLe%2BHavre%2C%2BFrance%2F%4049.4958105%2C0.131185%2C12z%2Fdata%3D%213m1%214b1%214m2%213m1%211s0x47e02f2395218b7d%3A0x5bc1867aaf33af12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Steiner21-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Steiner21_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Steiner21_18-1">b</a> Claire Étienne-Steiner, Frédéric Saunier, Le Havre a port with new towns, Paris, éditions du patrimoine, 2005, p. 21 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> C. Étienne-Steiner, Le Havre. City, Port, and agglomeration, Rouen, édition du patrimoine, 1999, p. 15 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Letélié14-20"><a href="#cite_ref-Letélié14_20-0">^</a> Isabelle Letélié, Le Havre, unusual itineraries, Louviers, Ysec éditions, 2010, p. 14 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Ragot6-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Ragot6_21-0">^</a> J. Ragot, M. Ragot, Guide to Nature in the Pays de Caux, 2005, p. 6 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Auger33-22"><a href="#cite_ref-Auger33_22-0">^</a> P. Auger, G. Granier, The Guide to Pays de Caux, 1993, p. 33 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-carmen2-23"><a href="#cite_ref-carmen2_23-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://carmen.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/17/DonneesrisquessurlestuairedelaSeine.map#">Information on Nature and scenery in the estuary of the Seine</a>, Carmen, Haute-Normandie, consulted on 19 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Infoclimat-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Infoclimat_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Infoclimat_24-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Infoclimat_24-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Infoclimat_24-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Infoclimat_24-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Infoclimat_24-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07028-le-havre-cap-de-la-heve.html">"Normes et records 1961–1990: Le Havre – Cap de la Hève (76) – altitude 100m"</a> (in French). Infoclimat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160315133503/http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie-07028-le-havre-cap-de-la-heve.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 5 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Normes+et+records+1961%E2%80%931990%3A+Le+Havre+%E2%80%93+Cap+de+la+H%C3%A8ve+%2876%29+%E2%80%93+altitude+100m&rft.pub=Infoclimat&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoclimat.fr%2Fclimatologie-07028-le-havre-cap-de-la-heve.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Auger42-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Auger42_25-0">^</a> P. Auger, G. Granier, The Guide to Pays de Caux, 1993, p. 42 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seine-aval.crihan.fr/web/SilverpeasWebFileServer/3993656065Ifr_Seine_aval_02.pdf?ComponentId=kmelia106&SourceFile=1161364849854.pdf&MimeType=application/pdf&Directory=Attachment/Images/&logicalName=3993656065Ifr_Seine_aval_02.pdf">Currents, flows, and tides: The movements of water</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130718041937/http://seine-aval.crihan.fr/web/SilverpeasWebFileServer/3993656065Ifr_Seine_aval_02.pdf?ComponentId=kmelia106&SourceFile=1161364849854.pdf&MimeType=application%2Fpdf&Directory=Attachment%2FImages%2F&logicalName=3993656065Ifr_Seine_aval_02.pdf">Archived</a> 18 July 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Pierre Le Hir, Ricardo Silva Jacinto, Ifremer, 2001, consulted on 31 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-carmen1-27"><a href="#cite_ref-carmen1_27-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://carmen.developpement-durable.gouv.fr/17/DonneesnatureetpaysagesurlestuairedelaSeine.map">Nature and Scenic information the estuary of the Seine</a>, Carmen, Haute-Normandie, consulted on 19 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lameteo.org/index.php/climatologie/1549-normales-climatiques-1981-2010-paris">Paris</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lameteo.org/index.php/climatologie/1543-normales-climatiques-1981-2010-nice">Nice</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lameteo.org/index.php/climatologie/1658-normales-climatiques-1981-2010-strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lameteo.org/index.php/climatologie/1586-normales-climatiques-1981-2010-brest">Brest</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://donneespubliques.meteofrance.fr/FichesClim/FICHECLIM_76552001.pdf">"Cap-de-la-Heve (76)"</a> (PDF). Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1991–2020 et records (in French). Meteo France. Retrieved 14 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fiche+Climatologique%3A+Statistiques+1991%E2%80%932020+et+records&rft.atitle=Cap-de-la-Heve+%2876%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdonneespubliques.meteofrance.fr%2FFichesClim%2FFICHECLIM_76552001.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190731135221/http://www.meteofrance.fr/actualites/74529640-canicule-la-france-a-connu-hier-une-chaleur-record-au-niveau-national">"Canicule : la France a connu hier une chaleur record au niveau national"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9t%C3%A9o-France" title="Météo-France">Météo-France</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meteofrance.fr/actualites/74529640-canicule-la-france-a-connu-hier-une-chaleur-record-au-niveau-national">the original</a> on 31 July 2019. Retrieved 26 July 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Canicule+%3A+la+France+a+connu+hier+une+chaleur+record+au+niveau+national&rft.pub=M%C3%A9t%C3%A9o-France&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteofrance.fr%2Factualites%2F74529640-canicule-la-france-a-connu-hier-une-chaleur-record-au-niveau-national&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/planete/chat/2011/03/02/la-pollution-de-l-air-reduit-l-esperance-de-vie-comment-agir_1487126_3244.html">It is difficult to mobilise politician on air pollution problems</a>, Gaëlle Dupont, consulted on 20 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> Laurence Perrin, The hour of reckoning for carbon, Océanes Le Havre, No. 152, December 2011 – January 2012, p. 31 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-lutte-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lutte_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lutte_33-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lehavre.fr/dossier/lutter-contre-le-changement-climatique-0">Fight against Changing Climate</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120718010548/http://lehavre.fr/dossier/lutter-contre-le-changement-climatique-0">Archived</a> 18 July 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ville du Havre, consulted on 20 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-diosoufre-34"><a href="#cite_ref-diosoufre_34-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.air-com.asso.fr/Publications/Publications-telechargeables/Programmes-de-surveillance-Bilans">Results of Measurements in 2011</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130726131634/http://air-com.asso.fr/Publications/Publications-telechargeables/Programmes-de-surveillance-Bilans">Archived</a> 26 July 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Air Normand, consulted on 20 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-rapport-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rapport_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rapport_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rapport_35-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rapport_35-3">d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lehavre.fr/dossier/lutter-contre-le-changement-climatique-0/">Annual Report on sustainable development for the city of Le Havre 2010–2011</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120718010548/http://lehavre.fr/dossier/lutter-contre-le-changement-climatique-0">Archived</a> 18 July 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ville du Havre, consulted on 20 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-pavillon-36"><a href="#cite_ref-pavillon_36-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lehavre.fr/actualites/la-plage-du-havre-de-nouveau-certifiee-pavillon-bleu">The Beach at Le Havre has nothing new in being certified Pavillon bleu</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120719061422/http://lehavre.fr/actualites/la-plage-du-havre-de-nouveau-certifiee-pavillon-bleu">Archived</a> 19 July 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, consulted on 20 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-biodiversité-37"><a href="#cite_ref-biodiversité_37-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lehavre.fr/pdf/agenda21/PROGRAMM.PDF">Preservation of biodiversity, ecosystems and natural environments</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402151118/http://www.lehavre.fr/pdf/agenda21/PROGRAMM.PDF">Archived</a> 2 April 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, consulted on 12 March 2015 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Letélié31-38"><a href="#cite_ref-Letélié31_38-0">^</a> Isabelle Letélié, Le Havre, unusual itineraries, Louviers, Ysec éditions, 2010, p. 31 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Letélié32-39"><a href="#cite_ref-Letélié32_39-0">^</a> Isabelle Letélié, Le Havre, unusual itineraries, Louviers, Ysec éditions, 2010, p. 32 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesco.lehavre.fr/en/understand/the-stages-of-the-reconstruction">"The stages of the reconstruction"</a>. Le Havre. 3 November 2015. Retrieved 20 June 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Havre&rft.atitle=The+stages+of+the+reconstruction&rft.date=2015-11-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funesco.lehavre.fr%2Fen%2Funderstand%2Fthe-stages-of-the-reconstruction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-renovation-41"><a href="#cite_ref-renovation_41-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lehavre.fr/dossier/un-centre-ancien-en-cours-de-renovation-0">An old centre in course of renovation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120718021250/http://lehavre.fr/dossier/un-centre-ancien-en-cours-de-renovation-0">Archived</a> 18 July 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ville du Havre, consulted on 20 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029154911/https://www.paumier-architectes.fr/project/turgot-magellan">"Turgot Magellan - Paumier Architectes Associés"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.paumier-architectes.fr/project/turgot-magellan">the original</a> on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 26 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turgot+Magellan+-+Paumier+Architectes+Associ%C3%A9s&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.paumier-architectes.fr%2Fproject%2Fturgot-magellan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sciencespo-43"><a href="#cite_ref-sciencespo_43-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lehavre.fr/dossier/science-po-et-l-insa-institut-national-des-sciences-appliquees-codah-0">Parks and Gardens of Le Havre</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120718113240/http://lehavre.fr/dossier/science-po-et-l-insa-institut-national-des-sciences-appliquees-codah-0">Archived</a> 18 July 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Sciences Po and INSA, consulted on 20 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Gras238-44"><a href="#cite_ref-Gras238_44-0">^</a> Pierre Gras, The time of ports. Decline and recovery of port cities (1940–2010), Tallandier, 2010, 298 p. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-84734-675-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-84734-675-6">978-2-84734-675-6</a> p. 238 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Gras239-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Gras239_45-0">^</a> Pierre Gras, The time of ports. Decline and recovery of port cities (1940–2010), Tallandier, 2010, 298 p. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-84734-675-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-84734-675-6">978-2-84734-675-6</a> p. 239 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-tetris-46"><a href="#cite_ref-tetris_46-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lehavre.fr/dossier/le-fort-de-tourneville-0">Tourneville Fort</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120718013824/http://lehavre.fr/dossier/le-fort-de-tourneville-0">Archived</a> 18 July 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ville du Havre, consulted on 20 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-chiffres_clés_quartiers-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chiffres_clés_quartiers_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-chiffres_clés_quartiers_47-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-chiffres_clés_quartiers_47-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aurh.fr/media/aurh_na_6088_chiffrescleslehavre_quartiers_170206__010417300_1226_14022017.pdf">Recensement de la population: Chiffres clés 2013 - Le Havre</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170805173207/http://www.aurh.fr/media/aurh_na_6088_chiffrescleslehavre_quartiers_170206__010417300_1226_14022017.pdf">Archived</a> 5 August 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, AURH </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ville-lehavre.fr/delia-CMS/dossier/index/article_id-28162/ext-1/first_article_id-28148/plus-1/topic_id-789/le-projet.html">The eco-district "Les Hauts de Bléville"</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍], Ville du Havre, consulted on 31 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-réseaux-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-réseaux_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-réseaux_49-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-réseaux_49-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-réseaux_49-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-réseaux_49-4">e</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.havre-developpement.com/havre_reseauxcommunication.asp">Communication Network</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130807001418/http://www.havre-developpement.com/havre_reseauxcommunication.asp">Archived</a> 7 August 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Le Havre Development, consulted on 20 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ldlines.co.uk/timetables/le-havre-portsmouth">Le Havre Portsmouth Timetables</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120804075204/http://ldlines.co.uk/timetables/le-havre-portsmouth">Archived</a> 4 August 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Cross Channel Ferry, LD Lines, consulted on 12 Match 2013 </li> <li id="cite_note-LIA-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LIA_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LIA_51-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LIA_51-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.transports-lia.fr/presentation/index.asp?rub_code=36&thm_id=20&gpl_id=">Who are we?</a>, CODAH, consulted on 27 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-guide-52">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guide_52-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guide_52-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lehavre.fr/guidemobilite/">Mobility Guide 2011</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140116201521/http://lehavre.fr/guidemobilite/">Archived</a> 16 January 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ville du Havre, consulted on 20 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-chiffres_tram-53"><a href="#cite_ref-chiffres_tram_53-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100523191046/http://www.tramway-agglo-lehavre.fr/le-tramway-arrive/le-tramway-en-chiffres">The Key Numbers</a> (French), accessed on 20 July 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Océanes Le Havre, n°156, mai 2012, p.14 </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/metadonnees/geographie/commune/76351-le-havre">"Commune du Havre"</a>. <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commune+du+Havre&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fmetadonnees%2Fgeographie%2Fcommune%2F76351-le-havre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000028664598">"Décret n° 2014-266 du 27 février 2014 portant délimitation des cantons dans le département de la Seine-Maritime"</a>. Legifrance.gouv.fr. Retrieved 3 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legifrance.gouv.fr&rft.atitle=D%C3%A9cret+n%C2%B0+2014-266+du+27+f%C3%A9vrier+2014+portant+d%C3%A9limitation+des+cantons+dans+le+d%C3%A9partement+de+la+Seine-Maritime&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legifrance.gouv.fr%2Floda%2Fid%2FJORFTEXT000028664598&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/id/LEGISCTA000006115471/">Code électoral, Annexe tableau n° 1</a>, version 1 August 2009, <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9gifrance" title="Légifrance">Légifrance</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Philippe-58"><a href="#cite_ref-Philippe_58-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lehavre.fr/dossier/edouard-philippe-0">Édouard Philippe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120718090912/http://lehavre.fr/dossier/edouard-philippe-0">Archived</a> 18 July 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ville du Havre, consulted on 24 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Gras47-59"><a href="#cite_ref-Gras47_59-0">^</a> Pierre Gras, The time of Ports. Declin and recovery of Port Cities (1940–2010), Tallandier, 2010, 298 p. (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-84734-675-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-84734-675-6">978-2-84734-675-6</a>), p. 47 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Express7-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Express7_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Express7_60-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexpress.fr/resultats-elections/legislatives-2012-seine-maritime-7eme-circonscription_338010.html">Results of Legislative Elections for 2012 Seine-Maritime 7th electoral district</a>, L'Express, consulted on 24 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Express8-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Express8_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Express8_61-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexpress.fr/resultats-elections/legislatives-2012-seine-maritime-8eme-circonscription_338011.html">Results of Legislative Elections for 2012 Seine-Maritime 8th electoral district</a>, L'Express, consulted on 24 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-conseil-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-conseil_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-conseil_62-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lehavre.fr/mairie/conseil-municipal">The Municipal Council</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928191924/http://lehavre.fr/mairie/conseil-municipal">Archived</a> 28 September 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ville du Havre, consulted on 24 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeinland" class="citation web cs1">Weinland, Robert. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.francegenweb.org/mairesgenweb/chercher.php">"francegenweb.org - votre service benevole d'assistance genealogique"</a>. www.francegenweb.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.francegenweb.org&rft.atitle=francegenweb.org+-+votre+service+benevole+d%27assistance+genealogique&rft.aulast=Weinland&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.francegenweb.org%2Fmairesgenweb%2Fchercher.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.annuaires.justice.gouv.fr/etablissements-penitentiaires-10113/direction-interregionale-de-lille-10124/le-havre-10710.html">Le Havre, Ministry of Justice</a>, consulted on 24 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ville-lehavre.fr/delia-CMS/archives_oceanes/index/article_id-39255/ext-1/plus-1/theme-82/le-mistral-en-escale.html">Le Havre, Marine city of Mistral</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍], November 2009, Océanes Le Havre (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lehavre.fr/espace-presse/rock-challenge-la-danse-pour-rapprocher-les-jeunes">"Rock challenge: la danse pour rapprocher les jeunes"</a>. lehavre.fr (in French). Le Havre. 10 February 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=lehavre.fr&rft.atitle=Rock+challenge%3A+la+danse+pour+rapprocher+les+jeunes&rft.date=2017-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lehavre.fr%2Fespace-presse%2Frock-challenge-la-danse-pour-rapprocher-les-jeunes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ehess-67"><a href="#cite_ref-ehess_67-0">^</a> Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cassini.ehess.fr/fr/html/fiche.php?select_resultat=16833">Commune data sheet Le Havre</a>, <a href="/wiki/School_for_Advanced_Studies_in_the_Social_Sciences" title="School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences">EHESS</a> (in French). </li> <li id="cite_note-pophist-68"><a href="#cite_ref-pophist_68-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/4515315?geo=COM-76351#ancre-POP_T1">Population en historique depuis 1968</a>, INSEE </li> <li id="cite_note-complet-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-complet_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-complet_69-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-complet_69-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-complet_69-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-complet_69-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-complet_69-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-complet_69-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-complet_69-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-complet_69-8">i</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2011101?geo=COM-76351">Dossier complet: Commune du Havre (76351)</a>, INSEE, 2020, consulted on 14 August 2020 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-INSEE-70"><a href="#cite_ref-INSEE_70-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2011101?geo=METRO-1">Evolution and Structure of the Population 2017</a>, <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a> (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.recensement.insee.fr/tableauxDetailles.action?zoneSearchField=HAVRE&codeZone=76351-COM&idTheme=11&idTableauDetaille=41&niveauDetail=1">Le Havre (76351 – Commune) – Nationality</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍], <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a>, 2009, consulted on 25 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-immigrés1-72"><a href="#cite_ref-immigrés1_72-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.recensement.insee.fr/tableauxDetailles.action?zoneSearchField=HAVRE&codeZone=76351-COM&idTheme=9&idTableauDetaille=24&niveauDetail=1">Le Havre (76351 – Commune) – Immigration</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍], <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a>, consulted on 26 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-immigrés2-73"><a href="#cite_ref-immigrés2_73-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.recensement.insee.fr/tableauxDetailles.action?zoneSearchField=HAVRE&codeZone=76351-COM&idTheme=9&idTableauDetaille=25&niveauDetail=1">Le Havre (76351 – Commune) – Immigration</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍], consulted on 26 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/fichier/1893182/pop-act-csp-cd.zip">"Population active selon la catégorie socioprofessionnelle et la position vis à vis de l'emploi par commune et département (1968 à 1999)"</a> (ZIP) (in French). <a href="/wiki/INSEE" class="mw-redirect" title="INSEE">INSEE</a>. Retrieved 11 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Population+active+selon+la+cat%C3%A9gorie+socioprofessionnelle+et+la+position+vis+%C3%A0+vis+de+l%27emploi+par+commune+et+d%C3%A9partement+%281968+%C3%A0+1999%29&rft.pub=INSEE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2Ffichier%2F1893182%2Fpop-act-csp-cd.zip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-france-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-france_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-france_75-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-france_75-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-france_75-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-france_75-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques/2011101?geo=FE-1">"Dossier complet − France entière | Insee"</a>. insee.fr.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=insee.fr&rft.atitle=Dossier+complet+%E2%88%92+France+enti%C3%A8re+%26%23124%3B+Insee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insee.fr%2Ffr%2Fstatistiques%2F2011101%3Fgeo%3DFE-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aapa.files.cms-plus.com/Statistics/WORLD%20PORT%20RANKINGS%202010.pdf">World Port ranking 2010</a>, AAPA website, consulted on 27 July 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-stat_GPMH2011-77">^ <a href="#cite_ref-stat_GPMH2011_77-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stat_GPMH2011_77-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stat_GPMH2011_77-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-stat_GPMH2011_77-3">d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://extrapah.havre-port.net/pls/portal/url/ITEM/F39365DA3E1342C89D8C046AC40C0D79">Definitive Statistics 2011</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍], Port du Havre, consulted on 27 December 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-LH_devt-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LH_devt_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LH_devt_78-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LH_devt_78-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LH_devt_78-3">d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.havre-developpement.com/havre_portduhavre.asp">The Port of Le Havre</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130702223853/http://www.havre-developpement.com/havre_portduhavre.asp">Archived</a> 2 July 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Le Havre développement, consulted on 30 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-port_auj-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-port_auj_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-port_auj_79-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-port_auj_79-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.havre-port.fr/">The Port today</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071029034143/http://www.havre-port.fr/">Archived</a> 29 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Grand Port Maritime du Havre, consulted on 28 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-emplois-80">^ <a href="#cite_ref-emplois_80-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-emplois_80-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.havre-port.fr/">Employment linked to the Maritime and Port activities in the Le Havre area (excluding industry)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071029034143/http://www.havre-port.fr/">Archived</a> 29 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Port du Havre, consulted on 29 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Oceanes154-81"><a href="#cite_ref-Oceanes154_81-0">^</a> Laurence Périn, The Cruises in vogue, in Océanes, No. 154, March 2012, p. 6 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ville-lehavre.fr/delia-CMS/version_texte/adresse_page/article_id-1743/plus-1/topic_id-414/port-de-plaisance.html">The Leisure Boat Port</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍], Ville du Havre, consulted on 2 August 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/2012/06/06/97002-20120606FILWWW00663-renaultsandouville-jours-non-travailles.php">Renault/Sandouville Economy: non-working days</a>, Le Figaro, consulted on 30 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-chimie-84"><a href="#cite_ref-chimie_84-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.havre-developpement.com/filieres_havre_chimie.asp">Petrochemical Chemistry</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130807153316/http://www.havre-developpement.com/filieres_havre_chimie.asp">Archived</a> 7 August 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Le Havre développement, consulted on 30 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-aeronautique-85"><a href="#cite_ref-aeronautique_85-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.havre-developpement.com/filieres_havre_aeronautique.asp">Aeronautic</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130807003735/http://www.havre-developpement.com/filieres_havre_aeronautique.asp">Archived</a> 7 August 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Le Havre développement, consulted on 30 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-dresser-86"><a href="#cite_ref-dresser_86-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usinenouvelle.com/article/contrat-geant-pour-dresser-rand-le-havre.N19644">Huge contract for Dresser-Rand Le Havre</a>, L'usine nouvelle, 20 July 2007, consulted on 30 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-edf-87"><a href="#cite_ref-edf_87-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edf.com/html/energies/le_havre/2011/">2011 in brief</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131001155907/http://www.edf.com/html/energies/le_havre/2011/">Archived</a> 1 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, EDF, centrale du Havre, consulted on 30 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> Océanes Le Havre, No. 156, May 2012, p. 3 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-groupe_hospi-89"><a href="#cite_ref-groupe_hospi_89-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eportail.ch-havre.fr/portal/page/portal/ver-1/WWW_COMMUN/Le%20GHH/Le%20GHH%20et%20vous/Presentation%20generale/Chiffres%20cles/Donn%C3%A9es%20%20cl%C3%A9s%202012%20version%20web.pdf?_template=">Presentation and key data</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍], Groupe Hospitalier du Havre, consulted on 30 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-recrute-90"><a href="#cite_ref-recrute_90-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lehavre.fr/dossier/la-ville-recrute-0">The City recruits</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120801130512/http://lehavre.fr/dossier/la-ville-recrute-0">Archived</a> 1 August 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ville du Havre, consulted on 30 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-chiffres_université-91"><a href="#cite_ref-chiffres_université_91-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.univ-lehavre.fr/ulh_services/Chiffres.html">University of Le Havre data</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120211225814/http://www.univ-lehavre.fr/ulh_services/Chiffres.html">Archived</a> 11 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Université du Havre, consulted on 26 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lehavre.fr/rubrique/evenements-culturels">Cultural Events</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120910223937/http://lehavre.fr/rubrique/evenements-culturels">Archived</a> 10 September 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ville du Havre, consulted on 9 October 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lehavre.fr/annuaire/eglise-saint-michel">Church of Saint-Michel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170707020002/https://www.lehavre.fr/annuaire/eglise-saint-michel">Archived</a> 7 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Le Havre official website (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lehavre.fr/annuaire/eglise-saint-vincent-de-paul">Church of Saint-Vincent-de-Paul</a>, Le Havre website (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lehavre.fr/annuaire/eglise-saint-francois">Church of Saint-François</a>, Le Havre Official website (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lehavre.fr/multimedia/eglise-st-anne">Church of Saint Anne</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150904055302/http://www.lehavre.fr/multimedia/eglise-st-anne">Archived</a> 4 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Le Havre official website (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lehavreactif.com/album/un-jour-une-photo/eglise-st-marie.html">Church of Saint Marie picture</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130524070643/http://www.lehavreactif.com/album/un-jour-une-photo/eglise-st-marie.html">Archived</a> 24 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Le Havre Actif website (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lehavre.fr/annuaire/chapelle-dingouville">Chapel of Ingouville</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120729035807/http://lehavre.fr/annuaire/chapelle-dingouville">Archived</a> 29 July 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Le Havre Official website (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lehavre.fr/rubrique/labbaye-de-graville">Alley of Graville</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131007125756/http://lehavre.fr/rubrique/labbaye-de-graville">Archived</a> 7 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Le Havre official website (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.culture.gouv.fr/public/mistral/museo_fr?ACTION=CHERCHER&FIELD_1=VILLE_M&VALUE_1=LE">HAVRE MUSEOFILE Directory of French Museums</a>, Ministry of Culture, consulted on 27 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muma-lehavre.fr/en/the-muma-muma-the-museum-of-modern-art-andre-malraux/history">The MuMa Museum</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140724132046/http://www.muma-lehavre.fr/en/the-muma-muma-the-museum-of-modern-art-andre-malraux/history">Archived</a> 24 July 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, MuMa, consulted on 18 July 2014 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.muma-lehavre.fr/en/collections/oeuvres-commentees">Collections</a>, MuMa, consulted on 18 July 2014 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lehavre.fr/dossier/collection-lesueur-0">Lesueur Collection</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120802192844/http://lehavre.fr/dossier/collection-lesueur-0">Archived</a> 2 August 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ville du Havre, consulted on 2 August 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> "Les Collections Biologiques du Muséum avant le désastre du 5 Septembre 1944." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de Normandie et des Amis du Muséum du Havre. Tome 40. 1936–1950. Pages 12, 17, 22. (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130701201837/http://lehavre.fr/dossier/le-prieure-de-graville-0">Collections of the Abbey of Graville</a>, Le Havre Official website (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.evene.fr/culture/lieux/spot-le-havre-1216.php">Centre of contemporary art</a>, EVENE, consulted on 2 August 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Volcan-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Volcan_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Volcan_107-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.levolcan.com/">The Gallery</a>, Le Volcan, consulted on 27 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ville-lehavre.fr/delia-CMS/guichet_virtuel/rubrique/article_id-/topic_id-243/salles-de-spectacles.html">Auditoriums</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍], Ville du Havre, consulted on 2 April 2008 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ville-lehavre.fr/delia-CMS/guichet_virtuel/rubrique/article_id-15670/topic_id-243/le-petit-theatre.html">Auditoriums</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍], Ville du Havre, consulted on 2 April 2008 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Docks-110"><a href="#cite_ref-Docks_110-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dockslehavre.com/Bienvenue-aux-Docks/Presentation">Welcome to the Docks</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080415182735/http://www.dockslehavre.com/Bienvenue-aux-Docks/Presentation">Archived</a> 15 April 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Les Docks, consulted on 2 April 2008 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cinemasgaumontpathe.com/cinemas/cinema-gaumont-docks-vauban-le-havre/presentation.html#2012-07-27">Gaumont Docks Vauban-Le Havre</a>, Gaumont, consulted on 27 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ac-rouen.fr/pedagogie/equipes/eculturel/fiches/fiche_amh.htm">Educational services in the cultural establishments of the Academy of Rouen</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090428113409/http://www.ac-rouen.fr/pedagogie/equipes/eculturel/fiches/fiche_amh.htm">Archived</a> 28 April 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Academy of Rouen, consulted on 2 April 2008 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Millet-113"><a href="#cite_ref-Millet_113-0">^</a> Alfred Sensier, The Life and works of J.-F Millet, A. Quantin, 1881. (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-tournages-114">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tournages_114-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tournages_114-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ville-lehavre.fr/delia-CMS/archives_oceanes/index/article_id-16631/plus-1/sstheme-155/theme-83/la-ville-comme-decor.html">The making of films in Le Havre</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍], Ville du Havre, consulted on 1 April 2008 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Le_Monde-115"><a href="#cite_ref-Le_Monde_115-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lemonde.fr/cinema/article/2011/12/16/aki-kaurismaki-remporte-le-prix-louis-delluc-pour-le-havre_1619890_3476.html">Aki Kaurismäki wins the Louis-Delluc Prize for Le Havre</a>, Le Monde, 16 December 2011, consulted on 19 December 2011 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/us/companion.websites/9780190658298/cast/caplet/">"Caplet, André, Oxford University Press"</a>. global.oup.com. Retrieved 18 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=global.oup.com&rft.atitle=Caplet%2C+Andr%C3%A9%2C+Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2Fus%2Fcompanion.websites%2F9780190658298%2Fcast%2Fcaplet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://global.oup.com/us/companion.websites/9780190658298/cast/honegger/">"Honegger, Arthur, Oxford University Press"</a>. global.oup.com. Retrieved 18 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=global.oup.com&rft.atitle=Honegger%2C+Arthur%2C+Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobal.oup.com%2Fus%2Fcompanion.websites%2F9780190658298%2Fcast%2Fhonegger%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/504397">"Victor and Auguste Mustel | Harmonium | French"</a>. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 18 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.atitle=Victor+and+Auguste+Mustel+%7C+Harmonium+%7C+French&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metmuseum.org%2Fart%2Fcollection%2Fsearch%2F504397&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-maternelles-119"><a href="#cite_ref-maternelles_119-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lehavre.fr/dossier/les-ecoles-0">The Schools</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120719040313/http://lehavre.fr/dossier/les-ecoles-0">Archived</a> 19 July 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ville du Havre, consulted on 26 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130701154143/http://www.ac-rouen.fr/adminsite/objetspartages/liste_fichiergw.jsp?OBJET=DOCUMENT&CODE=1259309455613&LANGUE=0">Directory of public establishments (2009–2010)</a>, Academy of Rouen website, consulted on 5 July 2010 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lycees.ac-rouen.fr/monet/">Claude Monet School</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100722164735/http://lycees.ac-rouen.fr/monet/">Archived</a> 22 July 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Academy of Rouen website, consulted on 5 July 2010 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> Twinned with <a href="/wiki/Lincoln-Sudbury_Regional_High_School" title="Lincoln-Sudbury Regional High School">Lincoln-Sudbury Regional High School</a> in the state of <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a> in the United States. </li> <li id="cite_note-PO-123">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PO_123-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PO_123-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://porte-oceane.spip.ac-rouen.fr/">Lycee Porte Océane</a>, Academy of Rouen website, consulted on 5 July 2010 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-RS-124">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RS_124-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RS_124-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://schuman.spip.ac-rouen.fr/">Robert Schuman School</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110310082145/http://schuman.spip.ac-rouen.fr/">Archived</a> 10 March 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Academy of Rouen website, consulted on 5 July 2010 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-JS-125">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JS_125-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JS_125-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lycees.ac-rouen.fr/siegfried/">Jules Siegfried School of Le Havre</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130702133814/http://lycees.ac-rouen.fr/siegfried/">Archived</a> 2 July 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Academy of Rouen website, consulted on 5 July 2010 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lycees.ac-rouen.fr/fdegrace/">Françoise de Grâce School</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100811024528/http://lycees.ac-rouen.fr/fdegrace/">Archived</a> 11 August 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Academy of Rouen, consulted on 5 July 2010 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lecesne-lyc.spip.ac-rouen.fr/">Jules Lecesne Hotel Trades and Services School – Le Havre</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101220013849/http://lecesne-lyc.spip.ac-rouen.fr/">Archived</a> 20 December 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Academy of Rouen, consulted on 5 July 2010 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lycees.ac-rouen.fr/lavoisier/Talent-eleves/Site%20Lavoisier%202010/Index.html">Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier School – Le Havre</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100701173454/http://lycees.ac-rouen.fr/lavoisier/Talent-eleves/Site%20Lavoisier%202010/Index.html">Archived</a> 1 July 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Academy of Rouen, consulted on 5 July 2010 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lycees.ac-rouen.fr/perret/">Auguste Perret School</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131006083023/http://lycees.ac-rouen.fr/perret/">Archived</a> 6 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Academy of Rouen website, consulted on 5 July 2010 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lycees.ac-rouen.fr/monet/fichiers/structure_pro.htm">Teaching Unit of the Vocational School</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100428084232/http://lycees.ac-rouen.fr/monet/fichiers/structure_pro.htm">Archived</a> 28 April 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Academy of Rouen website, consulted on 5 July 2010 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Océanes Le Havre, April 2011, No. 145, p. 25 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-accueil-132"><a href="#cite_ref-accueil_132-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.univ-lehavre.fr/ulh_services/Une-universite-accueillante.html">A hospitable university</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120906022645/http://www.univ-lehavre.fr/ulh_services/Une-universite-accueillante.html">Archived</a> 6 September 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, University of Le Havre, consulted on 26 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-mesr-133">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mesr_133-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mesr_133-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mesr_133-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mesr_133-3">d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/cid59112/atlas-regional-effectifs-d-etudiants-en-2010-2011.html">Regional Atlas: Number of students in 2010–2011</a>, Ministry of Higher Education and Research, consulted on 26 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-international-134"><a href="#cite_ref-international_134-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.univ-lehavre.fr/ulh_services/International.html">International</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120226070152/http://www.univ-lehavre.fr/ulh_services/International.html">Archived</a> 26 February 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, University of Le Havre, consulted on 26 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.em-normandie.com/fr/parcours-carriere">Vocation</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_de_management_de_Normandie" title="École de management de Normandie">École de management de Normandie</a>, consulted on 2 April 2008 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.em-normandie.com/fr">[1]</a> EM Normandie website, consulted on 7 June 2015 (in English) </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://euro-asie.sciences-po.fr/">Welcome</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091002114215/http://euro-asie.sciences-po.fr/">Archived</a> 2 October 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Sciences Po, consulted on 2 August 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lehavre.fr/actualites/lensm-ex-hydro-debarque-au-havre-en-2015">The ENSM (ex-Hydro) moves to Le Havre in 2015</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120719074331/http://lehavre.fr/actualites/lensm-ex-hydro-debarque-au-havre-en-2015">Archived</a> 19 July 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ville du Havre, consulted on 26 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> Océanes Le Havre, April 2011, No. 145, p. 29 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lehavre.fr/dossier/conservatoire-arthur-honegger-0">Conservatory Arthur Honegger</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120719040425/http://lehavre.fr/dossier/conservatoire-arthur-honegger-0">Archived</a> 19 July 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ville du Havre, consulted on 26 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> Océanes Le Havre, April 2011, No. 145, p. 27 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://avironlehavre.org/87+depuis-1838.html">Since 1838</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130814073816/http://avironlehavre.org/87+depuis-1838.html">Archived</a> 14 August 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Société française de l'Aviron, consulted on 2 August 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.havre-developpement.com/upload/PLAQUETTENAUTISME251108BAT.pdf">Yachting Booklet</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131001232010/http://www.havre-developpement.com/upload/PLAQUETTENAUTISME251108BAT.pdf">Archived</a> 1 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, havredeveloppement.com, consulted on 21 November 2010 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.ville-lehavre.fr/delia-CMS/archives/site/article_id-24045/sstopic_id-/topic_id-759/topic_parent_id-757/culture-sciences-loisirs-celebrations.html">Municipal Archives of Le Havre</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190708132604/http://archives.ville-lehavre.fr/delia-CMS/archives/site/article_id-24045/sstopic_id-/topic_id-759/topic_parent_id-757/culture-sciences-loisirs-celebrations.html">Archived</a> 8 July 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ville du Havre, consulted on 26 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> Coll., 1872–1972, Le Havre Centenary Athletic Club, Le Havre, HAC, 1972, p. 19–23 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20100212071301/http://www.hockeyfrance.com/clubs/hockey-club-du-havre-220-42-1-77-0-.html">Presentation of the club</a>, FFHG, consulted on 2 August 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Stat-147"><a href="#cite_ref-Stat_147-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.havre-developpement.com/entreprendrehavre_chiffrescles.asp">200 Key Figures and Statistics</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130807005345/http://www.havre-developpement.com/entreprendrehavre_chiffrescles.asp">Archived</a> 7 August 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Le Havre Development, consulted 2 April 2008 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> Océanes Le Havre, April 2011, No. 145, p. 30 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vatine.net/">Presentation</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130813054310/http://www.vatine.net/">Archived</a> 13 August 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Centre nautique Paul Vatine, consulted on 25 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lehavre.fr/dossier/gymnases-terrains-et-autres-equipements-municipaux-0">Gymnasiums, grounds, and other municipal facilities</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120801205154/http://lehavre.fr/dossier/gymnases-terrains-et-autres-equipements-municipaux-0">Archived</a> 1 August 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Ville du Havre, consulted on 26 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lehavre.fr/annuaire/stade-oceane">Océane Stadium</a>, Ville du Havre, consulted on 26 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> Extract from the Swiss website TSR sport dated 19 May 2006 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tsr.ch/tsr/index.html?siteSect=800002&sid=6733335&cKey=1148028975000">Opening at Le Havre of the largest free skatepark in France</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> Océanes Le Havre, No. 157, Summer 2012, p. 17 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publihebdos.com/">PubliHebdos</a>, PubliHebdos, consulted on 8 June 2013 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.76actu.fr/">Le Havre Info with listings for Rouen</a>, PubliHebdos, consulted on 8 June 2013 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paris-normandie.fr/">Paris-Normandy with Rouen listings</a>, Hersant, consulted on 8 June 2013 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radio-albatros.com">Radio Albatros</a>, Radio Albatros, consulted on 2 August 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.only-hit.net/">Only-Hit</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131025231830/http://only-hit.net/">Archived</a> 25 October 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Only-Hit, consulted on 5 July 2012 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Diocèse-159"><a href="#cite_ref-Diocèse_159-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catholique-lehavre.cef.fr/3_les_paroisses_du_diocese/3_26_zone_le_havre_sainte_adresse/Page%20zone%20Le%20Havre%20Sainte%20Adresse.php">Le Havre-Sainte-Adresse</a>, diocèse of Le Havre, consulted on 4 April 2008 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-Steiner114-160"><a href="#cite_ref-Steiner114_160-0">^</a> C. Étienne-Steiner, Le Havre. City, Port, and conurbation, Rouen, édition du patrimoine, 1999, p. 114 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elysee.fr/elysee/elysee.fr/francais_archives/interventions/discours_et_declarations/2002/avril/declaration_du_president_de_la_republique_a_la_synagogue_du_havre.2364.html">Declaration of the President of the Republic at the synagogue of Le Havre</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍], Presidency of the Republic, consulted on 4 April 2008 (in French) </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Scud%C3%A9ry">"Scudéry" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 487; see para 2. <q>Georges de Scudéry (1601–1667), the elder....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Scud%C3%A9ry&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=487%3B+see+para+2&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Scud%C3%A9ry">"Scudéry" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 487; see para 3. <q>His sister Madeleine (1607–1701)....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Scud%C3%A9ry&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=487%3B+see+para+3&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Saint-Pierre,_Jacques_Henri_Bernardin_de">"Saint-Pierre, Jacques Henri Bernardin de" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Saint-Pierre%2C+Jacques+Henri+Bernardin+de&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=41&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Delavigne,_Jean_Fran%C3%A7ois_Casimir">"Delavigne, Jean François Casimir" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 946.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Delavigne%2C+Jean+Fran%C3%A7ois+Casimir&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=946&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Ancelot,_Jacques_Ars%C3%A8ne_Fran%C3%A7ois_Polycarpe">"Ancelot, Jacques Arsène François Polycarpe" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 945.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Ancelot%2C+Jacques+Ars%C3%A8ne+Fran%C3%A7ois+Polycarpe&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=945&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rick-Lema%C3%AEtre,_Antoine_Louis_Prosper">"Frédérick-Lemaître, Antoine Louis Prosper" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 68.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rick-Lema%C3%AEtre%2C+Antoine+Louis+Prosper&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=68&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Gautier,_%C3%89mile_Th%C3%A9odore_L%C3%A9on">"Gautier, Émile Théodore Léon" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 536.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Gautier%2C+%C3%89mile+Th%C3%A9odore+L%C3%A9on&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=536&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Monod,_Gabriel">"Monod, Gabriel" </a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 18 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 730.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Monod%2C+Gabriel&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=730&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> French <ul><li>Joseph Abram, Le Havre: Modern City, 2011</li> <li>Nathalie Castetz, Le Havre, Seine Estuary, Paris, Héliopoles, 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-919006-10-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-919006-10-6">978-2-919006-10-6</a></li> <li>Franck Godard and Olivier Bouteiller, Le Havre, Déclics, 2011, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-84768-231-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-84768-231-1">978-2-84768-231-1</a></li> <li>Unusual Le Havre, Renée Grimaud, Les beaux jours, 2012, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-35179-101-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-35179-101-1">978-2-35179-101-1</a></li> <li>Jean-François Massé, Le Havre, attached port, Acanthe, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-84942-003-4" title="Special:BookSources/2-84942-003-4">2-84942-003-4</a></li> <li>Tristan Gaston-Breton, Le Havre 1802–2002: Two centuries of economic adventure, Le Cherche midi, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7491-0028-3" title="Special:BookSources/2-7491-0028-3">2-7491-0028-3</a></li> <li>E. Simon, A. Fiszlewicz, Le Havre: What an Estuary!, Petit à Petit, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-914401-26-4" title="Special:BookSources/2-914401-26-4">2-914401-26-4</a></li> <li>Madeleine Brocard, Atlas of the Estuary of the Seine, Rouen, Presses de l'université de Rouen, 1996</li> <li>Emanuelle Real, The Industrial Landscape of Basse-Seine, Connaissance du patrimoine en Haute-Normandie, 2009, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-910316-33-5" title="Special:BookSources/2-910316-33-5">2-910316-33-5</a>, 264 pages</li> <li>Jacques Basile and Didier Guyot, Another Blue City, Editions Point de Vues, 2011, 120 pages, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-915548-63-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-915548-63-1">978-2-915548-63-1</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Le_Havre&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Le_Havre" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Le Havre">Le Havre</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Le_Havre#Q42810" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Le Havre">Le Havre</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060104003254/http://www.ville-lehavre.fr/">Le Havre Official website</a> (in French)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lehavretourisme.com/en/">Official tourism website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181223121023/https://www.lehavretourisme.com/en/">Archived</a> 23 December 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051014081744/http://ex.ville-lehavre.fr/anglais/sommaire/cadre.htm">Le Havre Information website</a> (Archive)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090212120156/http://lion1906.com/departements/seine-maritime/le-havre-.php">Le Havre on Lion1906</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.normandythenandnow.com/the-slave-streets-of-le-havre/">Slave streets of Le Havre; article on the slave trade here in 17th and 18th century</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geoportail.gouv.fr/accueil?c=0.10,49.49&z=7.92265E-5&l=GEOGRAPHICALGRIDSYSTEMS.MAPS.3D$GEOPORTAIL:OGC:WMTS@aggregate(1)&l=ADMINISTRATIVEUNITS.BOUNDARIES$GEOPORTAIL:OGC:WMTS(1)&permalink=yes">Le Havre on Géoportail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Institut_g%C3%A9ographique_national" class="mw-redirect" title="Institut géographique national">National Geographic Institute</a> (IGN) website (in French)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a> Texts on Wikisource: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Havre,_Le" class="extiw" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Havre, Le">Havre, Le</a>". <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 11 (9th ed.). 1880. pp. 527–528.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Havre%2C+Le&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=527-528&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=1880&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Havre,_Le" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Havre, Le">Havre, Le</a>". <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 83–84.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Havre%2C+Le&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=83-84&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia_(1879)/Havre" class="extiw" title="s:The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Havre">Havre</a>". <a href="/wiki/The_American_Cyclop%C3%A6dia" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Cyclopædia">The American Cyclopædia</a>. 1879.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Havre&rft.btitle=The+American+Cyclop%C3%A6dia&rft.date=1879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work/Havre" class="extiw" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work/Havre">Havre</a>". <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_Student%27s_Reference_Work" class="extiw" title="s:The New Student's Reference Work">The New Student's Reference Work</a>. 1914.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Havre&rft.btitle=The+New+Student%27s+Reference+Work&rft.date=1914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Collier%27s_New_Encyclopedia_(1921)/Havre" class="extiw" title="s:Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Havre">Havre</a>". <a href="/wiki/Collier%27s_Encyclopedia" title="Collier's Encyclopedia">Collier's New Encyclopedia</a>. 1921.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Havre&rft.btitle=Collier%27s+New+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALe+Havre" class="Z3988"></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_France_by_population" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_in_France" title="Template:Cities in France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_in_France" title="Template talk:Cities in France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_in_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities in France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_France_by_population" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Cities in France by population</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2,000,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">500,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">200,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">100,000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Le Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeurbanne" title="Villeurbanne">Villeurbanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis, Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aix-en-Provence" title="Aix-en-Provence">Aix-en-Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annecy" title="Annecy">Annecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt">Boulogne-Billancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis">Saint-Denis, Seine-Saint-Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreuil,_Seine-Saint-Denis" title="Montreuil, Seine-Saint-Denis">Montreuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argenteuil" title="Argenteuil">Argenteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mulhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Paul,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Paul, Réunion">Saint-Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_in_France_with_over_20,000_inhabitants" title="List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants">Complete list</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="List of World Heritage Sites in France">World Heritage Sites in France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele-de-France" title="Île-de-France">Île-de-France</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace and Park of Versailles</a></li> <li>Fontainebleau <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Fontainebleau" title="Palace of Fontainebleau">Palace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fontainebleau#Fontainebleau_forest" title="Fontainebleau">Park</a></li> <li>Paris: Banks of the <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provins" title="Provins">Provins</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of France"><img alt="Flag of France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/50px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/75px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/100px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#France" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">Parisian basin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amiens_Cathedral" title="Amiens Cathedral">Amiens Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfries_of_Belgium_and_France" title="Belfries of Belgium and France">Belfries of Belgium and France</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourges_Cathedral" title="Bourges Cathedral">Bourges Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champagne_hillsides,_houses_and_cellars" title="Champagne hillsides, houses and cellars">Champagne hillsides, houses and cellars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartres_Cathedral" title="Chartres Cathedral">Chartres Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climats,_terroirs_of_Burgundy" title="Climats, terroirs of Burgundy">Climats and terroirs of Burgundy</a></li> <li>Reims: <a href="/wiki/Reims_Cathedral" title="Reims Cathedral">Cathedral of Notre-Dame</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Saint-Remi" title="Musée Saint-Remi">Former Abbey of Saint-Rémi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Tau" title="Palace of Tau">Palace of Tau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Fontenay" title="Abbey of Fontenay">Abbey of Fontenay</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Le Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont-Saint-Michel" title="Mont-Saint-Michel">Mont-Saint-Michel</a> and its <a href="/wiki/Mont-Saint-Michel_Bay" title="Mont-Saint-Michel Bay">Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9zelay_Abbey" title="Vézelay Abbey">Vézelay Church and hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belfries_of_Belgium_and_France" title="Belfries of Belgium and France">Belfries of Belgium and France</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nord-Pas_de_Calais_Mining_Basin" title="Nord-Pas de Calais Mining Basin">Nord-Pas de Calais Mining Basin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#France" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Great Saltworks of <a href="/wiki/Salins-les-Bains" title="Salins-les-Bains">Salins-les-Bains</a> and <a href="/wiki/Royal_Saltworks_at_Arc-et-Senans" title="Royal Saltworks at Arc-et-Senans">Royal Saltworks of Arc-et-Senans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a>: <a href="/wiki/Place_Stanislas" title="Place Stanislas">Place Stanislas</a>, Place de la Carrière and Place d'Alliance</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a>: <a href="/wiki/Grande_%C3%8Ele_(Strasbourg)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grande Île (Strasbourg)">Grande Île</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neustadt,_Strasbourg" title="Neustadt, Strasbourg">Neustadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_pile_dwellings_around_the_Alps" title="Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps">Prehistoric pile dwellings around the Alps</a>3</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#France" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_Church_of_Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe" title="Abbey Church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe">Abbey Church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#France" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">South West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albi" title="Albi">Episcopal city, Albi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Port of the Moon, Bordeaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lascaux" title="Lascaux">Prehistoric sites and decorated caves of the Vézère valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es_%E2%80%93_Mont_Perdu_World_Heritage_Site" title="Pyrénées – Mont Perdu World Heritage Site">Pyrénées – Mont Perdu</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89milion" title="Saint-Émilion">Saint-Émilion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#France" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">Centre East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cha%C3%AEne_des_Puys" title="Chaîne des Puys">Chaîne des Puys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chauvet_Cave" title="Chauvet Cave">Chauvet Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#France" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">Mediterranean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arles,_Roman_and_Romanesque_Monuments" title="Arles, Roman and Romanesque Monuments">Roman and Romanesque monuments, Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cit%C3%A9_de_Carcassonne" title="Cité de Carcassonne">Carcassonne citadel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Porto" title="Gulf of Porto">Gulf of Porto</a>: <a href="/wiki/Calanques_de_Piana" title="Calanques de Piana">Calanches de Piana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corsica#Ecology" title="Corsica">Gulf of Girolata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scandola_Nature_Reserve" title="Scandola Nature Reserve">Scandola Reserve</a></li> <li>Avignon: <a href="/wiki/Palais_des_Papes" title="Palais des Papes">Papal Palace</a>, Episcopal Ensemble, <a href="/wiki/Pont_Saint-B%C3%A9n%C3%A9zet" title="Pont Saint-Bénézet">Avignon Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pont_du_Gard" title="Pont du Gard">Pont du Gard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange,_Vaucluse" title="Orange, Vaucluse">Orange</a>: <a href="/wiki/Roman_Theatre_of_Orange" title="Roman Theatre of Orange">Roman Theatre and environs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Triumphal_Arch_of_Orange" title="Triumphal Arch of Orange">Triumphal Arch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multiple regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Architectural_Work_of_Le_Corbusier" title="The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier">The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_du_Midi" title="Canal du Midi">Canal du Midi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Vauban" title="Fortifications of Vauban">Fortifications of Vauban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funerary_and_memory_sites_of_the_First_World_War_(Western_Front)" title="Funerary and memory sites of the First World War (Western Front)">Funerary and memory sites of the First World War (Western Front)</a>4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loire_Valley" title="Loire Valley">Loire Valley</a> between <a href="/wiki/Sully-sur-Loire" title="Sully-sur-Loire">Sully-sur-Loire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chalonnes-sur-Loire" title="Chalonnes-sur-Loire">Chalonnes-sur-Loire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Routes_of_Santiago_de_Compostela_in_France" title="Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France">Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_and_Primeval_Beech_Forests_of_the_Carpathians_and_Other_Regions_of_Europe" title="Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe">Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe</a>5</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_territories_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas departments and territories of France">Overseas departments and territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Austral_Lands_and_Seas" class="mw-redirect" title="French Austral Lands and Seas">French Austral Lands and Seas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia_Barrier_Reef" class="mw-redirect" title="New Caledonia Barrier Reef">Lagoons of New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_National_Park" title="Réunion National Park">Pitons, cirques and remparts of Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taputapuatea" title="Taputapuatea">Taputapuātea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>1Shared locally with other <a href="/wiki/First-level_NUTS_of_the_European_Union#France" title="First-level NUTS of the European Union">region/s</a> and with <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li>2Shared with <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li>3Shared with <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li>4Shared with <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li>5Shared with <a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Communes_of_the_Seine-Maritime_department_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Seine-Maritime_communes" title="Template:Seine-Maritime communes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Seine-Maritime_communes" title="Template talk:Seine-Maritime communes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Seine-Maritime_communes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Seine-Maritime communes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Communes_of_the_Seine-Maritime_department_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Communes_of_the_Seine-Maritime_department" title="Communes of the Seine-Maritime department">Communes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Seine-Maritime" title="Seine-Maritime">Seine-Maritime</a> department <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/23px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/35px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/45px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allouville-Bellefosse" title="Allouville-Bellefosse">Allouville-Bellefosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvimare" title="Alvimare">Alvimare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrumesnil" title="Ambrumesnil">Ambrumesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amfreville-la-Mi-Voie" title="Amfreville-la-Mi-Voie">Amfreville-la-Mi-Voie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amfreville-les-Champs,_Seine-Maritime" title="Amfreville-les-Champs, Seine-Maritime">Amfreville-les-Champs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anceaumeville" title="Anceaumeville">Anceaumeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancourt" title="Ancourt">Ancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancourteville-sur-H%C3%A9ricourt" title="Ancourteville-sur-Héricourt">Ancourteville-sur-Héricourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancreti%C3%A9ville-Saint-Victor" title="Ancretiéville-Saint-Victor">Ancretiéville-Saint-Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancretteville-sur-Mer" title="Ancretteville-sur-Mer">Ancretteville-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angerville-Bailleul" title="Angerville-Bailleul">Angerville-Bailleul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angerville-la-Martel" title="Angerville-la-Martel">Angerville-la-Martel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angerville-l%27Orcher" title="Angerville-l'Orcher">Angerville-l'Orcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angiens" title="Angiens">Angiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglesqueville-l%27Esneval" title="Anglesqueville-l'Esneval">Anglesqueville-l'Esneval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglesqueville-la-Bras-Long" title="Anglesqueville-la-Bras-Long">Anglesqueville-la-Bras-Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anneville-Ambourville" title="Anneville-Ambourville">Anneville-Ambourville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anneville-sur-Scie" title="Anneville-sur-Scie">Anneville-sur-Scie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annouville-Vilmesnil" title="Annouville-Vilmesnil">Annouville-Vilmesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anquetierville" title="Anquetierville">Anquetierville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anv%C3%A9ville" title="Anvéville">Anvéville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ardouval" title="Ardouval">Ardouval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arelaune-en-Seine" title="Arelaune-en-Seine">Arelaune-en-Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argueil" title="Argueil">Argueil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arques-la-Bataille" title="Arques-la-Bataille">Arques-la-Bataille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aub%C3%A9guimont" title="Aubéguimont">Aubéguimont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubermesnil-aux-%C3%89rables" title="Aubermesnil-aux-Érables">Aubermesnil-aux-Érables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aubermesnil-Beaumais" title="Aubermesnil-Beaumais">Aubermesnil-Beaumais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberville-la-Manuel" title="Auberville-la-Manuel">Auberville-la-Manuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberville-la-Renault" title="Auberville-la-Renault">Auberville-la-Renault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aumale" title="Aumale">Aumale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auppegard" title="Auppegard">Auppegard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Authieux-Rati%C3%A9ville" title="Authieux-Ratiéville">Authieux-Ratiéville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Authieux-sur-le-Port-Saint-Ouen" title="Les Authieux-sur-le-Port-Saint-Ouen">Les Authieux-sur-le-Port-Saint-Ouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autigny,_Seine-Maritime" title="Autigny, Seine-Maritime">Autigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auvilliers" title="Auvilliers">Auvilliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auzebosc" title="Auzebosc">Auzebosc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auzouville-l%27Esneval" title="Auzouville-l'Esneval">Auzouville-l'Esneval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auzouville-sur-Ry" title="Auzouville-sur-Ry">Auzouville-sur-Ry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auzouville-sur-Sa%C3%A2ne" title="Auzouville-sur-Saâne">Auzouville-sur-Saâne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avesnes-en-Bray" title="Avesnes-en-Bray">Avesnes-en-Bray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avesnes-en-Val" title="Avesnes-en-Val">Avesnes-en-Val</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avremesnil" title="Avremesnil">Avremesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacqueville-en-Caux" title="Bacqueville-en-Caux">Bacqueville-en-Caux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailleul-Neuville" title="Bailleul-Neuville">Bailleul-Neuville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baillolet" title="Baillolet">Baillolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bailly-en-Rivi%C3%A8re" title="Bailly-en-Rivière">Bailly-en-Rivière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baons-le-Comte" title="Baons-le-Comte">Baons-le-Comte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bardouville" title="Bardouville">Bardouville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barentin" title="Barentin">Barentin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baromesnil" title="Baromesnil">Baromesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bazinval" title="Bazinval">Bazinval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaubec-la-Rosi%C3%A8re" title="Beaubec-la-Rosière">Beaubec-la-Rosière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont-le-Hareng" title="Beaumont-le-Hareng">Beaumont-le-Hareng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaurepaire,_Seine-Maritime" title="Beaurepaire, Seine-Maritime">Beaurepaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaussault" title="Beaussault">Beaussault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beautot" title="Beautot">Beautot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauval-en-Caux" title="Beauval-en-Caux">Beauval-en-Caux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauvoir-en-Lyons" title="Beauvoir-en-Lyons">Beauvoir-en-Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bec-de-Mortagne" title="Bec-de-Mortagne">Bec-de-Mortagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belbeuf" title="Belbeuf">Belbeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellencombre" title="Bellencombre">Bellencombre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellengreville,_Seine-Maritime" title="Bellengreville, Seine-Maritime">Bellengreville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belleville-en-Caux" title="Belleville-en-Caux">Belleville-en-Caux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Belli%C3%A8re,_Seine-Maritime" title="La Bellière, Seine-Maritime">La Bellière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belmesnil" title="Belmesnil">Belmesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9narville" title="Bénarville">Bénarville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9nesville" title="Bénesville">Bénesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9nouville,_Seine-Maritime" title="Bénouville, Seine-Maritime">Bénouville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berni%C3%A8res,_Seine-Maritime" title="Bernières, Seine-Maritime">Bernières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertheauville" title="Bertheauville">Bertheauville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertreville" title="Bertreville">Bertreville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertreville-Saint-Ouen" title="Bertreville-Saint-Ouen">Bertreville-Saint-Ouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrimont" title="Bertrimont">Bertrimont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berville-en-Caux" title="Berville-en-Caux">Berville-en-Caux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berville-sur-Seine" title="Berville-sur-Seine">Berville-sur-Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beuzeville-la-Grenier" title="Beuzeville-la-Grenier">Beuzeville-la-Grenier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beuzeville-la-Gu%C3%A9rard" title="Beuzeville-la-Guérard">Beuzeville-la-Guérard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beuzevillette" title="Beuzevillette">Beuzevillette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9zancourt" title="Bézancourt">Bézancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bierville" title="Bierville">Bierville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bihorel" title="Bihorel">Bihorel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biville-la-Baignarde" title="Biville-la-Baignarde">Biville-la-Baignarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biville-la-Rivi%C3%A8re" title="Biville-la-Rivière">Biville-la-Rivière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blacqueville" title="Blacqueville">Blacqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blainville-Crevon" title="Blainville-Crevon">Blainville-Crevon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blangy-sur-Bresle" title="Blangy-sur-Bresle">Blangy-sur-Bresle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blosseville" title="Blosseville">Blosseville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Bocasse" title="Le Bocasse">Le Bocasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois-d%27Ennebourg" title="Bois-d'Ennebourg">Bois-d'Ennebourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois-Guilbert" title="Bois-Guilbert">Bois-Guilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois-Guillaume" title="Bois-Guillaume">Bois-Guillaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois-H%C3%A9roult" title="Bois-Héroult">Bois-Héroult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois-Himont" title="Bois-Himont">Bois-Himont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois-l%27%C3%89v%C3%AAque" title="Bois-l'Évêque">Bois-l'Évêque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Bois-Robert" title="Le Bois-Robert">Le Bois-Robert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boissay" title="Boissay">Boissay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolbec" title="Bolbec">Bolbec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolleville,_Seine-Maritime" title="Bolleville, Seine-Maritime">Bolleville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonsecours" title="Bonsecours">Bonsecours</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boos,_Seine-Maritime" title="Boos, Seine-Maritime">Boos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordeaux-Saint-Clair" title="Bordeaux-Saint-Clair">Bordeaux-Saint-Clair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bornambusc" title="Bornambusc">Bornambusc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosc-B%C3%A9renger" title="Bosc-Bérenger">Bosc-Bérenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosc-Bordel" title="Bosc-Bordel">Bosc-Bordel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosc-%C3%89deline" title="Bosc-Édeline">Bosc-Édeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosc-Gu%C3%A9rard-Saint-Adrien" title="Bosc-Guérard-Saint-Adrien">Bosc-Guérard-Saint-Adrien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosc-Hyons" title="Bosc-Hyons">Bosc-Hyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosc-le-Hard" title="Bosc-le-Hard">Bosc-le-Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosc-Mesnil" title="Bosc-Mesnil">Bosc-Mesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosville" title="Bosville">Bosville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boudeville" title="Boudeville">Boudeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouelles" title="Bouelles">Bouelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Bouille" title="La Bouille">La Bouille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourdainville" title="Bourdainville">Bourdainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Bourg-Dun" title="Le Bourg-Dun">Le Bourg-Dun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourville" title="Bourville">Bourville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouville,_Seine-Maritime" title="Bouville, Seine-Maritime">Bouville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachy" title="Brachy">Brachy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bracquetuit" title="Bracquetuit">Bracquetuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradiancourt" title="Bradiancourt">Bradiancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brametot" title="Brametot">Brametot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9aut%C3%A9" title="Bréauté">Bréauté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9montier-Merval" title="Brémontier-Merval">Brémontier-Merval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretteville-du-Grand-Caux" title="Bretteville-du-Grand-Caux">Bretteville-du-Grand-Caux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretteville-Saint-Laurent" title="Bretteville-Saint-Laurent">Bretteville-Saint-Laurent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchy,_Seine-Maritime" title="Buchy, Seine-Maritime">Buchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bully,_Seine-Maritime" title="Bully, Seine-Maritime">Bully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bures-en-Bray" title="Bures-en-Bray">Bures-en-Bray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butot" title="Butot">Butot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butot-V%C3%A9nesville" title="Butot-Vénesville">Butot-Vénesville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cailleville" title="Cailleville">Cailleville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cailly" title="Cailly">Cailly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callengeville" title="Callengeville">Callengeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calleville-les-Deux-%C3%89glises" title="Calleville-les-Deux-Églises">Calleville-les-Deux-Églises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campneuseville" title="Campneuseville">Campneuseville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canehan" title="Canehan">Canehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canouville" title="Canouville">Canouville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canteleu" title="Canteleu">Canteleu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canville-les-Deux-%C3%89glises" title="Canville-les-Deux-Églises">Canville-les-Deux-Églises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cany-Barville" title="Cany-Barville">Cany-Barville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carville-la-Folleti%C3%A8re" title="Carville-la-Folletière">Carville-la-Folletière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carville-Pot-de-Fer" title="Carville-Pot-de-Fer">Carville-Pot-de-Fer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Catelier" title="Le Catelier">Le Catelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catenay" title="Catenay">Catenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caudebec-l%C3%A8s-Elbeuf" title="Caudebec-lès-Elbeuf">Caudebec-lès-Elbeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Caule-Sainte-Beuve" title="Le Caule-Sainte-Beuve">Le Caule-Sainte-Beuve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cauville-sur-Mer" title="Cauville-sur-Mer">Cauville-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Cent-Acres" title="Les Cent-Acres">Les Cent-Acres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Cerlangue" title="La Cerlangue">La Cerlangue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-du-Bourgay" title="La Chapelle-du-Bourgay">La Chapelle-du-Bourgay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-Saint-Ouen" title="La Chapelle-Saint-Ouen">La Chapelle-Saint-Ouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chapelle-sur-Dun" title="La Chapelle-sur-Dun">La Chapelle-sur-Dun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Chauss%C3%A9e,_Seine-Maritime" title="La Chaussée, Seine-Maritime">La Chaussée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cideville" title="Cideville">Cideville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clais" title="Clais">Clais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clasville" title="Clasville">Clasville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claville-Motteville" title="Claville-Motteville">Claville-Motteville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9on" title="Cléon">Cléon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A8res" title="Clères">Clères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleuville" title="Cleuville">Cleuville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cl%C3%A9ville,_Seine-Maritime" title="Cléville, Seine-Maritime">Cléville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliponville" title="Cliponville">Cliponville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colleville,_Seine-Maritime" title="Colleville, Seine-Maritime">Colleville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colmesnil-Manneville" title="Colmesnil-Manneville">Colmesnil-Manneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compainville" title="Compainville">Compainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conteville,_Seine-Maritime" title="Conteville, Seine-Maritime">Conteville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contremoulins" title="Contremoulins">Contremoulins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cott%C3%A9vrard" title="Cottévrard">Cottévrard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crasville-la-Mallet" title="Crasville-la-Mallet">Crasville-la-Mallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crasville-la-Rocquefort" title="Crasville-la-Rocquefort">Crasville-la-Rocquefort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criel-sur-Mer" title="Criel-sur-Mer">Criel-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Crique" title="La Crique">La Crique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criquebeuf-en-Caux" title="Criquebeuf-en-Caux">Criquebeuf-en-Caux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criquetot-l%27Esneval" title="Criquetot-l'Esneval">Criquetot-l'Esneval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criquetot-le-Mauconduit" title="Criquetot-le-Mauconduit">Criquetot-le-Mauconduit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criquetot-sur-Longueville" title="Criquetot-sur-Longueville">Criquetot-sur-Longueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criquetot-sur-Ouville" title="Criquetot-sur-Ouville">Criquetot-sur-Ouville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criquiers" title="Criquiers">Criquiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Critot" title="Critot">Critot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croisy-sur-Andelle" title="Croisy-sur-Andelle">Croisy-sur-Andelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croixdalle" title="Croixdalle">Croixdalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croix-Mare" title="Croix-Mare">Croix-Mare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cropus" title="Cropus">Cropus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosville-sur-Scie" title="Crosville-sur-Scie">Crosville-sur-Scie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuverville,_Seine-Maritime" title="Cuverville, Seine-Maritime">Cuverville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuverville-sur-Y%C3%A8res" title="Cuverville-sur-Yères">Cuverville-sur-Yères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuy-Saint-Fiacre" title="Cuy-Saint-Fiacre">Cuy-Saint-Fiacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dampierre-en-Bray" title="Dampierre-en-Bray">Dampierre-en-Bray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dampierre-Saint-Nicolas" title="Dampierre-Saint-Nicolas">Dampierre-Saint-Nicolas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dancourt,_Seine-Maritime" title="Dancourt, Seine-Maritime">Dancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darn%C3%A9tal" title="Darnétal">Darnétal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daubeuf-Serville" title="Daubeuf-Serville">Daubeuf-Serville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9nestanville" title="Dénestanville">Dénestanville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9ville-l%C3%A8s-Rouen" title="Déville-lès-Rouen">Déville-lès-Rouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieppe" title="Dieppe">Dieppe</a>subpr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doudeauville,_Seine-Maritime" title="Doudeauville, Seine-Maritime">Doudeauville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doudeville" title="Doudeville">Doudeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douvrend" title="Douvrend">Douvrend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drosay" title="Drosay">Drosay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duclair" title="Duclair">Duclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89calles-Alix" title="Écalles-Alix">Écalles-Alix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89crainville" title="Écrainville">Écrainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cretteville-l%C3%A8s-Baons" title="Écretteville-lès-Baons">Écretteville-lès-Baons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cretteville-sur-Mer" title="Écretteville-sur-Mer">Écretteville-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectot-l%27Auber" title="Ectot-l'Auber">Ectot-l'Auber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ectot-l%C3%A8s-Baons" title="Ectot-lès-Baons">Ectot-lès-Baons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbeuf" title="Elbeuf">Elbeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbeuf-en-Bray" title="Elbeuf-en-Bray">Elbeuf-en-Bray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbeuf-sur-Andelle" title="Elbeuf-sur-Andelle">Elbeuf-sur-Andelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89letot" title="Életot">Életot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellecourt" title="Ellecourt">Ellecourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89manville,_Seine-Maritime" title="Émanville, Seine-Maritime">Émanville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envermeu" title="Envermeu">Envermeu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envronville" title="Envronville">Envronville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pinay-sur-Duclair" title="Épinay-sur-Duclair">Épinay-sur-Duclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pouville" title="Épouville">Épouville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89pretot" title="Épretot">Épretot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89preville" title="Épreville">Épreville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermenouville" title="Ermenouville">Ermenouville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernemont-la-Villette" title="Ernemont-la-Villette">Ernemont-la-Villette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernemont-sur-Buchy" title="Ernemont-sur-Buchy">Ernemont-sur-Buchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esclavelles" title="Esclavelles">Esclavelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eslettes" title="Eslettes">Eslettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esteville" title="Esteville">Esteville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89taimpuis" title="Étaimpuis">Étaimpuis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tainhus" title="Étainhus">Étainhus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89talleville" title="Étalleville">Étalleville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89talondes" title="Étalondes">Étalondes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89toutteville" title="Étoutteville">Étoutteville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tretat" title="Étretat">Étretat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eu,_Seine-Maritime" title="Eu, Seine-Maritime">Eu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fallencourt" title="Fallencourt">Fallencourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9camp" title="Fécamp">Fécamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferri%C3%A8res-en-Bray" title="Ferrières-en-Bray">Ferrières-en-Bray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Fert%C3%A9-Saint-Samson" title="La Ferté-Saint-Samson">La Ferté-Saint-Samson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fesques" title="Fesques">Fesques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Feuillie,_Seine-Maritime" title="La Feuillie, Seine-Maritime">La Feuillie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamanville,_Seine-Maritime" title="Flamanville, Seine-Maritime">Flamanville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flamets-Fr%C3%A9tils" title="Flamets-Frétils">Flamets-Frétils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flocques" title="Flocques">Flocques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fongueusemare" title="Fongueusemare">Fongueusemare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontaine-en-Bray" title="Fontaine-en-Bray">Fontaine-en-Bray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontaine-la-Mallet" title="Fontaine-la-Mallet">Fontaine-la-Mallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontaine-le-Bourg" title="Fontaine-le-Bourg">Fontaine-le-Bourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontaine-le-Dun" title="Fontaine-le-Dun">Fontaine-le-Dun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontaine-sous-Pr%C3%A9aux" title="Fontaine-sous-Préaux">Fontaine-sous-Préaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Fontelaye" title="La Fontelaye">La Fontelaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontenay,_Seine-Maritime" title="Fontenay, Seine-Maritime">Fontenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forges-les-Eaux" title="Forges-les-Eaux">Forges-les-Eaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foucarmont" title="Foucarmont">Foucarmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foucart" title="Foucart">Foucart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franqueville-Saint-Pierre" title="Franqueville-Saint-Pierre">Franqueville-Saint-Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9auville" title="Fréauville">Fréauville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Fr%C3%A9naye" title="La Frénaye">La Frénaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freneuse,_Seine-Maritime" title="Freneuse, Seine-Maritime">Freneuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresles" title="Fresles">Fresles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresnay-le-Long" title="Fresnay-le-Long">Fresnay-le-Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresne-le-Plan" title="Fresne-le-Plan">Fresne-le-Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresnoy-Folny" title="Fresnoy-Folny">Fresnoy-Folny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresquiennes" title="Fresquiennes">Fresquiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freulleville" title="Freulleville">Freulleville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frichemesnil" title="Frichemesnil">Frichemesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Froberville" title="Froberville">Froberville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fry,_Seine-Maritime" title="Fry, Seine-Maritime">Fry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fultot" title="Fultot">Fultot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Gaillarde" title="La Gaillarde">La Gaillarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaillefontaine" title="Gaillefontaine">Gaillefontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gainneville" title="Gainneville">Gainneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gancourt-Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Gancourt-Saint-Étienne">Gancourt-Saint-Étienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganzeville" title="Ganzeville">Ganzeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerponville" title="Gerponville">Gerponville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerville" title="Gerville">Gerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goderville" title="Goderville">Goderville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gommerville,_Seine-Maritime" title="Gommerville, Seine-Maritime">Gommerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonfreville-Caillot" title="Gonfreville-Caillot">Gonfreville-Caillot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonfreville-l%27Orcher" title="Gonfreville-l'Orcher">Gonfreville-l'Orcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonnetot" title="Gonnetot">Gonnetot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonneville-la-Mallet" title="Gonneville-la-Mallet">Gonneville-la-Mallet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonneville-sur-Scie" title="Gonneville-sur-Scie">Gonneville-sur-Scie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzeville" title="Gonzeville">Gonzeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goupilli%C3%A8res,_Seine-Maritime" title="Goupillières, Seine-Maritime">Goupillières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gournay-en-Bray" title="Gournay-en-Bray">Gournay-en-Bray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouy,_Seine-Maritime" title="Gouy, Seine-Maritime">Gouy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graimbouville" title="Graimbouville">Graimbouville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grainville-la-Teinturi%C3%A8re" title="Grainville-la-Teinturière">Grainville-la-Teinturière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grainville-sur-Ry" title="Grainville-sur-Ry">Grainville-sur-Ry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grainville-Ymauville" title="Grainville-Ymauville">Grainville-Ymauville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand-Camp,_Seine-Maritime" title="Grand-Camp, Seine-Maritime">Grand-Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand-Couronne" title="Grand-Couronne">Grand-Couronne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grandcourt,_Seine-Maritime" title="Grandcourt, Seine-Maritime">Grandcourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Grandes-Ventes" title="Les Grandes-Ventes">Les Grandes-Ventes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Grand-Quevilly" title="Le Grand-Quevilly">Le Grand-Quevilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graval" title="Graval">Graval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A8ges" title="Grèges">Grèges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A9monville" title="Grémonville">Grémonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greuville" title="Greuville">Greuville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grigneuseville" title="Grigneuseville">Grigneuseville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gruchet-le-Valasse" title="Gruchet-le-Valasse">Gruchet-le-Valasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gruchet-Saint-Sim%C3%A9on" title="Gruchet-Saint-Siméon">Gruchet-Saint-Siméon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grugny" title="Grugny">Grugny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumesnil" title="Grumesnil">Grumesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guerville,_Seine-Maritime" title="Guerville, Seine-Maritime">Guerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gueures" title="Gueures">Gueures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gueutteville" title="Gueutteville">Gueutteville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gueutteville-les-Gr%C3%A8s" title="Gueutteville-les-Grès">Gueutteville-les-Grès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Halloti%C3%A8re" title="La Hallotière">La Hallotière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Hanouard" title="Le Hanouard">Le Hanouard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harcanville" title="Harcanville">Harcanville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harfleur" title="Harfleur">Harfleur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattenville" title="Hattenville">Hattenville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haucourt,_Seine-Maritime" title="Haucourt, Seine-Maritime">Haucourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haudricourt" title="Haudricourt">Haudricourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haussez" title="Haussez">Haussez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hautot-l%27Auvray" title="Hautot-l'Auvray">Hautot-l'Auvray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hautot-le-Vatois" title="Hautot-le-Vatois">Hautot-le-Vatois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hautot-Saint-Sulpice" title="Hautot-Saint-Sulpice">Hautot-Saint-Sulpice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hautot-sur-Mer" title="Hautot-sur-Mer">Hautot-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hautot-sur-Seine" title="Hautot-sur-Seine">Hautot-sur-Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Hauts-de-Caux" title="Les Hauts-de-Caux">Les Hauts-de-Caux</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Le Havre</a>subpr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Haye,_Seine-Maritime" title="La Haye, Seine-Maritime">La Haye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9berville" title="Héberville">Héberville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9nouville" title="Hénouville">Hénouville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ricourt-en-Caux" title="Héricourt-en-Caux">Héricourt-en-Caux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermanville,_Seine-Maritime" title="Hermanville, Seine-Maritime">Hermanville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermeville" title="Hermeville">Hermeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_H%C3%A9ron" title="Le Héron">Le Héron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9ronchelles" title="Héronchelles">Héronchelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heugleville-sur-Scie" title="Heugleville-sur-Scie">Heugleville-sur-Scie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heuqueville,_Seine-Maritime" title="Heuqueville, Seine-Maritime">Heuqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heurteauville" title="Heurteauville">Heurteauville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodeng-au-Bosc" title="Hodeng-au-Bosc">Hodeng-au-Bosc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodeng-Hodenger" title="Hodeng-Hodenger">Hodeng-Hodenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houdetot" title="Houdetot">Houdetot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Houlme" title="Le Houlme">Le Houlme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houppeville" title="Houppeville">Houppeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houquetot" title="Houquetot">Houquetot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Houssaye-B%C3%A9ranger" title="La Houssaye-Béranger">La Houssaye-Béranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugleville-en-Caux" title="Hugleville-en-Caux">Hugleville-en-Caux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Ifs" title="Les Ifs">Les Ifs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illois,_Seine-Maritime" title="Illois, Seine-Maritime">Illois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imbleville" title="Imbleville">Imbleville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incheville" title="Incheville">Incheville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingouville" title="Ingouville">Ingouville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isneauville" title="Isneauville">Isneauville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jumi%C3%A8ges" title="Jumièges">Jumièges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamberville,_Seine-Maritime" title="Lamberville, Seine-Maritime">Lamberville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lammerville" title="Lammerville">Lammerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landes-Vieilles-et-Neuves" title="Landes-Vieilles-et-Neuves">Landes-Vieilles-et-Neuves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanquetot" title="Lanquetot">Lanquetot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lestanville" title="Lestanville">Lestanville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lillebonne" title="Lillebonne">Lillebonne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lim%C3%A9sy" title="Limésy">Limésy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limpiville" title="Limpiville">Limpiville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindebeuf" title="Lindebeuf">Lindebeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lintot" title="Lintot">Lintot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lintot-les-Bois" title="Lintot-les-Bois">Lintot-les-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Loges,_Seine-Maritime" title="Les Loges, Seine-Maritime">Les Loges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Londe" title="La Londe">La Londe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Londini%C3%A8res" title="Londinières">Londinières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longmesnil" title="Longmesnil">Longmesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longroy" title="Longroy">Longroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longueil,_Seine-Maritime" title="Longueil, Seine-Maritime">Longueil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longuerue" title="Longuerue">Longuerue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longueville-sur-Scie" title="Longueville-sur-Scie">Longueville-sur-Scie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louvetot" title="Louvetot">Louvetot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucy,_Seine-Maritime" title="Lucy, Seine-Maritime">Lucy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luneray" title="Luneray">Luneray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaunay" title="Malaunay">Malaunay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malleville-les-Gr%C3%A8s" title="Malleville-les-Grès">Malleville-les-Grès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%C3%A9glise" title="Manéglise">Manéglise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man%C3%A9houville" title="Manéhouville">Manéhouville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maniquerville" title="Maniquerville">Maniquerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manneville-%C3%A8s-Plains" title="Manneville-ès-Plains">Manneville-ès-Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manneville-la-Goupil" title="Manneville-la-Goupil">Manneville-la-Goupil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannevillette" title="Mannevillette">Mannevillette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maromme" title="Maromme">Maromme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marques,_Seine-Maritime" title="Marques, Seine-Maritime">Marques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martainville-%C3%89preville" title="Martainville-Épreville">Martainville-Épreville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martigny,_Seine-Maritime" title="Martigny, Seine-Maritime">Martigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin-%C3%89glise" title="Martin-Église">Martin-Église</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massy,_Seine-Maritime" title="Massy, Seine-Maritime">Massy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathonville" title="Mathonville">Mathonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maucomble" title="Maucomble">Maucomble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maul%C3%A9vrier-Sainte-Gertrude" title="Maulévrier-Sainte-Gertrude">Maulévrier-Sainte-Gertrude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauny,_Seine-Maritime" title="Mauny, Seine-Maritime">Mauny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauquenchy" title="Mauquenchy">Mauquenchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lamare" title="Mélamare">Mélamare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melleville" title="Melleville">Melleville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9nerval" title="Ménerval">Ménerval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9nonval" title="Ménonval">Ménonval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentheville" title="Mentheville">Mentheville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9sangueville" title="Mésangueville">Mésangueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesni%C3%A8res-en-Bray" title="Mesnières-en-Bray">Mesnières-en-Bray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mesnil-Durdent" title="Le Mesnil-Durdent">Le Mesnil-Durdent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mesnil-Esnard" title="Le Mesnil-Esnard">Le Mesnil-Esnard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesnil-Follemprise" title="Mesnil-Follemprise">Mesnil-Follemprise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mesnil-Lieubray" title="Le Mesnil-Lieubray">Le Mesnil-Lieubray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesnil-Mauger" title="Mesnil-Mauger">Mesnil-Mauger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesnil-Panneville" title="Mesnil-Panneville">Mesnil-Panneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesnil-Raoul" title="Mesnil-Raoul">Mesnil-Raoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mesnil-R%C3%A9aume" title="Le Mesnil-Réaume">Le Mesnil-Réaume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mesnil-sous-Jumi%C3%A8ges" title="Le Mesnil-sous-Jumièges">Le Mesnil-sous-Jumièges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meulers" title="Meulers">Meulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millebosc" title="Millebosc">Millebosc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirville" title="Mirville">Mirville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Molagnies" title="Molagnies">Molagnies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monchaux-Soreng" title="Monchaux-Soreng">Monchaux-Soreng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monchy-sur-Eu" title="Monchy-sur-Eu">Monchy-sur-Eu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont-Cauvaire" title="Mont-Cauvaire">Mont-Cauvaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont-Saint-Aignan" title="Mont-Saint-Aignan">Mont-Saint-Aignan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont%C3%A9rolier" title="Montérolier">Montérolier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montigny,_Seine-Maritime" title="Montigny, Seine-Maritime">Montigny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montivilliers" title="Montivilliers">Montivilliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montmain,_Seine-Maritime" title="Montmain, Seine-Maritime">Montmain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreuil-en-Caux" title="Montreuil-en-Caux">Montreuil-en-Caux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montroty" title="Montroty">Montroty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montville,_Seine-Maritime" title="Montville, Seine-Maritime">Montville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgny-la-Pommeraye" title="Morgny-la-Pommeraye">Morgny-la-Pommeraye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morienne" title="Morienne">Morienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mortemer,_Seine-Maritime" title="Mortemer, Seine-Maritime">Mortemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morville-sur-Andelle" title="Morville-sur-Andelle">Morville-sur-Andelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motteville" title="Motteville">Motteville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulineaux" title="Moulineaux">Moulineaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muchedent" title="Muchedent">Muchedent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesle-Hodeng" title="Nesle-Hodeng">Nesle-Hodeng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nesle-Normandeuse" title="Nesle-Normandeuse">Nesle-Normandeuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neufbosc" title="Neufbosc">Neufbosc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neufch%C3%A2tel-en-Bray" title="Neufchâtel-en-Bray">Neufchâtel-en-Bray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuf-March%C3%A9" title="Neuf-Marché">Neuf-Marché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Neuville-Chant-d%27Oisel" title="La Neuville-Chant-d'Oisel">La Neuville-Chant-d'Oisel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuville-Ferri%C3%A8res" title="Neuville-Ferrières">Neuville-Ferrières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9ville" title="Néville">Néville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nointot" title="Nointot">Nointot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noll%C3%A9val" title="Nolléval">Nolléval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normanville,_Seine-Maritime" title="Normanville, Seine-Maritime">Normanville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norville" title="Norville">Norville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-d%27Aliermont" title="Notre-Dame-d'Aliermont">Notre-Dame-d'Aliermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Bliquetuit" title="Notre-Dame-de-Bliquetuit">Notre-Dame-de-Bliquetuit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-de-Bondeville" title="Notre-Dame-de-Bondeville">Notre-Dame-de-Bondeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-du-Bec" title="Notre-Dame-du-Bec">Notre-Dame-du-Bec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-du-Parc" title="Notre-Dame-du-Parc">Notre-Dame-du-Parc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nullemont" title="Nullemont">Nullemont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocqueville" title="Ocqueville">Ocqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octeville-sur-Mer" title="Octeville-sur-Mer">Octeville-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Offranville" title="Offranville">Offranville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oherville" title="Oherville">Oherville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oissel" title="Oissel">Oissel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omonville" title="Omonville">Omonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orival,_Seine-Maritime" title="Orival, Seine-Maritime">Orival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osmoy-Saint-Valery" title="Osmoy-Saint-Valery">Osmoy-Saint-Valery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouainville" title="Ouainville">Ouainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oudalle" title="Oudalle">Oudalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ourville-en-Caux" title="Ourville-en-Caux">Ourville-en-Caux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouville-l%27Abbaye" title="Ouville-l'Abbaye">Ouville-l'Abbaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouville-la-Rivi%C3%A8re" title="Ouville-la-Rivière">Ouville-la-Rivière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paluel" title="Paluel">Paluel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc-d%27Anxtot" title="Parc-d'Anxtot">Parc-d'Anxtot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavilly" title="Pavilly">Pavilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petit-Caux" title="Petit-Caux">Petit-Caux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petit-Couronne" title="Petit-Couronne">Petit-Couronne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Petit-Quevilly" title="Le Petit-Quevilly">Le Petit-Quevilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petiville,_Seine-Maritime" title="Petiville, Seine-Maritime">Petiville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrecourt,_Seine-Maritime" title="Pierrecourt, Seine-Maritime">Pierrecourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierrefiques" title="Pierrefiques">Pierrefiques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierreval" title="Pierreval">Pierreval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pissy-P%C3%B4ville" title="Pissy-Pôville">Pissy-Pôville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleine-S%C3%A8ve" title="Pleine-Sève">Pleine-Sève</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pommereux" title="Pommereux">Pommereux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pommer%C3%A9val" title="Pommeréval">Pommeréval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponts-et-Marais" title="Ponts-et-Marais">Ponts-et-Marais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port-J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me-sur-Seine" title="Port-Jérôme-sur-Seine">Port-Jérôme-sur-Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Poterie-Cap-d%27Antifer" title="La Poterie-Cap-d'Antifer">La Poterie-Cap-d'Antifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9aux,_Seine-Maritime" title="Préaux, Seine-Maritime">Préaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9tot-Vicquemare" title="Prétot-Vicquemare">Prétot-Vicquemare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preuseville" title="Preuseville">Preuseville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puisenval" title="Puisenval">Puisenval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quevillon" title="Quevillon">Quevillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9vreville-la-Poterie" title="Quévreville-la-Poterie">Quévreville-la-Poterie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiberville" class="mw-redirect" title="Quiberville">Quiberville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qui%C3%A8vrecourt" title="Quièvrecourt">Quièvrecourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quincampoix" title="Quincampoix">Quincampoix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raffetot" title="Raffetot">Raffetot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainfreville" title="Rainfreville">Rainfreville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9alcamp" title="Réalcamp">Réalcamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebets" title="Rebets">Rebets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Remu%C3%A9e" title="La Remuée">La Remuée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9tonval" title="Rétonval">Rétonval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuville" title="Reuville">Reuville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricarville-du-Val" title="Ricarville-du-Val">Ricarville-du-Val</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richemont,_Seine-Maritime" title="Richemont, Seine-Maritime">Richemont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rieux,_Seine-Maritime" title="Rieux, Seine-Maritime">Rieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rives-en-Seine" title="Rives-en-Seine">Rives-en-Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riville" title="Riville">Riville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robertot" title="Robertot">Robertot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocquefort" title="Rocquefort">Rocquefort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocquemont,_Seine-Maritime" title="Rocquemont, Seine-Maritime">Rocquemont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogerville" title="Rogerville">Rogerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rolleville" title="Rolleville">Rolleville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roncherolles-en-Bray" title="Roncherolles-en-Bray">Roncherolles-en-Bray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roncherolles-sur-le-Vivier" title="Roncherolles-sur-le-Vivier">Roncherolles-sur-le-Vivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronchois" title="Ronchois">Ronchois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosay,_Seine-Maritime" title="Rosay, Seine-Maritime">Rosay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a>pref</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roumare" title="Roumare">Roumare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Routes,_Seine-Maritime" title="Routes, Seine-Maritime">Routes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouville,_Seine-Maritime" title="Rouville, Seine-Maritime">Rouville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouvray-Catillon" title="Rouvray-Catillon">Rouvray-Catillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouxmesnil-Bouteilles" title="Rouxmesnil-Bouteilles">Rouxmesnil-Bouteilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royville" title="Royville">Royville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Rue-Saint-Pierre,_Seine-Maritime" title="La Rue-Saint-Pierre, Seine-Maritime">La Rue-Saint-Pierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ry,_Seine-Maritime" title="Ry, Seine-Maritime">Ry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%A2ne-Saint-Just" title="Saâne-Saint-Just">Saâne-Saint-Just</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahurs" title="Sahurs">Sahurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainneville" title="Sainneville">Sainneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aignan-sur-Ry" title="Saint-Aignan-sur-Ry">Saint-Aignan-sur-Ry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Andr%C3%A9-sur-Cailly" title="Saint-André-sur-Cailly">Saint-André-sur-Cailly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Antoine-la-For%C3%AAt" title="Saint-Antoine-la-Forêt">Saint-Antoine-la-Forêt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Arnoult,_Seine-Maritime" title="Saint-Arnoult, Seine-Maritime">Saint-Arnoult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aubin-Celloville" title="Saint-Aubin-Celloville">Saint-Aubin-Celloville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aubin-de-Cr%C3%A9tot" title="Saint-Aubin-de-Crétot">Saint-Aubin-de-Crétot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aubin-%C3%89pinay" title="Saint-Aubin-Épinay">Saint-Aubin-Épinay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aubin-le-Cauf" title="Saint-Aubin-le-Cauf">Saint-Aubin-le-Cauf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aubin-l%C3%A8s-Elbeuf" title="Saint-Aubin-lès-Elbeuf">Saint-Aubin-lès-Elbeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aubin-Routot" title="Saint-Aubin-Routot">Saint-Aubin-Routot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer,_Seine-Maritime" title="Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer, Seine-Maritime">Saint-Aubin-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Aubin-sur-Scie" title="Saint-Aubin-sur-Scie">Saint-Aubin-sur-Scie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Clair-sur-les-Monts" title="Saint-Clair-sur-les-Monts">Saint-Clair-sur-les-Monts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Crespin" title="Saint-Crespin">Saint-Crespin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis-d%27Aclon" title="Saint-Denis-d'Aclon">Saint-Denis-d'Aclon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis-le-Thiboult" title="Saint-Denis-le-Thiboult">Saint-Denis-le-Thiboult</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis-sur-Scie" title="Saint-Denis-sur-Scie">Saint-Denis-sur-Scie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Adresse" title="Sainte-Adresse">Sainte-Adresse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Agathe-d%27Aliermont" title="Sainte-Agathe-d'Aliermont">Sainte-Agathe-d'Aliermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Austreberthe,_Seine-Maritime" title="Sainte-Austreberthe, Seine-Maritime">Sainte-Austreberthe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Beuve-en-Rivi%C3%A8re" title="Sainte-Beuve-en-Rivière">Sainte-Beuve-en-Rivière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Colombe,_Seine-Maritime" title="Sainte-Colombe, Seine-Maritime">Sainte-Colombe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Croix-sur-Buchy" title="Sainte-Croix-sur-Buchy">Sainte-Croix-sur-Buchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Foy,_Seine-Maritime" title="Sainte-Foy, Seine-Maritime">Sainte-Foy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Genevi%C3%A8ve,_Seine-Maritime" title="Sainte-Geneviève, Seine-Maritime">Sainte-Geneviève</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne-Bondeville" title="Sainte-Hélène-Bondeville">Sainte-Hélène-Bondeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Marguerite-sur-Duclair" title="Sainte-Marguerite-sur-Duclair">Sainte-Marguerite-sur-Duclair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Marguerite-sur-Mer" title="Sainte-Marguerite-sur-Mer">Sainte-Marguerite-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Marie-au-Bosc" title="Sainte-Marie-au-Bosc">Sainte-Marie-au-Bosc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Marie-des-Champs" title="Sainte-Marie-des-Champs">Sainte-Marie-des-Champs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne-du-Rouvray" title="Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray">Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Eustache-la-For%C3%AAt" title="Saint-Eustache-la-Forêt">Saint-Eustache-la-Forêt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges-sur-Fontaine" title="Saint-Georges-sur-Fontaine">Saint-Georges-sur-Fontaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-des-Essourts" title="Saint-Germain-des-Essourts">Saint-Germain-des-Essourts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-d%27%C3%89tables" title="Saint-Germain-d'Étables">Saint-Germain-d'Étables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-sous-Cailly" title="Saint-Germain-sous-Cailly">Saint-Germain-sous-Cailly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Germain-sur-Eaulne" title="Saint-Germain-sur-Eaulne">Saint-Germain-sur-Eaulne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gilles-de-Cr%C3%A9tot" title="Saint-Gilles-de-Crétot">Saint-Gilles-de-Crétot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Gilles-de-la-Neuville" title="Saint-Gilles-de-la-Neuville">Saint-Gilles-de-la-Neuville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hellier" title="Saint-Hellier">Saint-Hellier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Honor%C3%A9,_Seine-Maritime" title="Saint-Honoré, Seine-Maritime">Saint-Honoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jacques-d%27Aliermont" title="Saint-Jacques-d'Aliermont">Saint-Jacques-d'Aliermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jacques-sur-Darn%C3%A9tal" title="Saint-Jacques-sur-Darnétal">Saint-Jacques-sur-Darnétal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-Folleville" title="Saint-Jean-de-Folleville">Saint-Jean-de-Folleville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-de-la-Neuville" title="Saint-Jean-de-la-Neuville">Saint-Jean-de-la-Neuville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-du-Cardonnay" title="Saint-Jean-du-Cardonnay">Saint-Jean-du-Cardonnay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jouin-Bruneval" title="Saint-Jouin-Bruneval">Saint-Jouin-Bruneval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-de-Br%C3%A8vedent" title="Saint-Laurent-de-Brèvedent">Saint-Laurent-de-Brèvedent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Laurent-en-Caux" title="Saint-Laurent-en-Caux">Saint-Laurent-en-Caux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%A9ger-aux-Bois,_Seine-Maritime" title="Saint-Léger-aux-Bois, Seine-Maritime">Saint-Léger-aux-Bois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%A9ger-du-Bourg-Denis" title="Saint-Léger-du-Bourg-Denis">Saint-Léger-du-Bourg-Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-L%C3%A9onard,_Seine-Maritime" title="Saint-Léonard, Seine-Maritime">Saint-Léonard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Lucien,_Seine-Maritime" title="Saint-Lucien, Seine-Maritime">Saint-Lucien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Maclou-de-Folleville" title="Saint-Maclou-de-Folleville">Saint-Maclou-de-Folleville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Maclou-la-Bri%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Maclou-la-Brière">Saint-Maclou-la-Brière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Mards" title="Saint-Mards">Saint-Mards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-au-Bosc" title="Saint-Martin-au-Bosc">Saint-Martin-au-Bosc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-aux-Arbres" title="Saint-Martin-aux-Arbres">Saint-Martin-aux-Arbres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-aux-Buneaux" title="Saint-Martin-aux-Buneaux">Saint-Martin-aux-Buneaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-Boscherville" title="Saint-Martin-de-Boscherville">Saint-Martin-de-Boscherville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-de-l%27If" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Martin-de-l'If">Saint-Martin-de-l'If</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-du-Bec" title="Saint-Martin-du-Bec">Saint-Martin-du-Bec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-du-Manoir" title="Saint-Martin-du-Manoir">Saint-Martin-du-Manoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-du-Vivier" title="Saint-Martin-du-Vivier">Saint-Martin-du-Vivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-le-Gaillard" title="Saint-Martin-le-Gaillard">Saint-Martin-le-Gaillard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-l%27Hortier" title="Saint-Martin-l'Hortier">Saint-Martin-l'Hortier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-Osmonville" title="Saint-Martin-Osmonville">Saint-Martin-Osmonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Maurice-d%27%C3%89telan" title="Saint-Maurice-d'Ételan">Saint-Maurice-d'Ételan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Michel-d%27Halescourt" title="Saint-Michel-d'Halescourt">Saint-Michel-d'Halescourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Nicolas-d%27Aliermont" title="Saint-Nicolas-d'Aliermont">Saint-Nicolas-d'Aliermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Nicolas-de-la-Haie" title="Saint-Nicolas-de-la-Haie">Saint-Nicolas-de-la-Haie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Nicolas-de-la-Taille" title="Saint-Nicolas-de-la-Taille">Saint-Nicolas-de-la-Taille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ouen-du-Breuil" title="Saint-Ouen-du-Breuil">Saint-Ouen-du-Breuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ouen-le-Mauger" title="Saint-Ouen-le-Mauger">Saint-Ouen-le-Mauger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ouen-sous-Bailly" title="Saint-Ouen-sous-Bailly">Saint-Ouen-sous-Bailly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pa%C3%ABr" title="Saint-Paër">Saint-Paër</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-B%C3%A9nouville" title="Saint-Pierre-Bénouville">Saint-Pierre-Bénouville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-de-Manneville" title="Saint-Pierre-de-Manneville">Saint-Pierre-de-Manneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-des-Jonqui%C3%A8res" title="Saint-Pierre-des-Jonquières">Saint-Pierre-des-Jonquières</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-de-Varengeville" title="Saint-Pierre-de-Varengeville">Saint-Pierre-de-Varengeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-en-Port" title="Saint-Pierre-en-Port">Saint-Pierre-en-Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-en-Val" title="Saint-Pierre-en-Val">Saint-Pierre-en-Val</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-l%C3%A8s-Elbeuf" title="Saint-Pierre-lès-Elbeuf">Saint-Pierre-lès-Elbeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux,_Seine-Maritime" title="Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux, Seine-Maritime">Saint-Pierre-le-Vieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Pierre-le-Viger" title="Saint-Pierre-le-Viger">Saint-Pierre-le-Viger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-R%C3%A9my-Boscrocourt" title="Saint-Rémy-Boscrocourt">Saint-Rémy-Boscrocourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Riquier-en-Rivi%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Riquier-en-Rivière">Saint-Riquier-en-Rivière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Riquier-%C3%A8s-Plains" title="Saint-Riquier-ès-Plains">Saint-Riquier-ès-Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Romain-de-Colbosc" title="Saint-Romain-de-Colbosc">Saint-Romain-de-Colbosc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sa%C3%ABns,_Seine-Maritime" title="Saint-Saëns, Seine-Maritime">Saint-Saëns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Saire" title="Saint-Saire">Saint-Saire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sauveur-d%27%C3%89malleville" title="Saint-Sauveur-d'Émalleville">Saint-Sauveur-d'Émalleville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Sylvain,_Seine-Maritime" title="Saint-Sylvain, Seine-Maritime">Saint-Sylvain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Vaast-d%27%C3%89quiqueville" title="Saint-Vaast-d'Équiqueville">Saint-Vaast-d'Équiqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Vaast-Dieppedalle" title="Saint-Vaast-Dieppedalle">Saint-Vaast-Dieppedalle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Vaast-du-Val" title="Saint-Vaast-du-Val">Saint-Vaast-du-Val</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Valery-en-Caux" title="Saint-Valery-en-Caux">Saint-Valery-en-Caux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Victor-l%27Abbaye" title="Saint-Victor-l'Abbaye">Saint-Victor-l'Abbaye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Vigor-d%27Ymonville" title="Saint-Vigor-d'Ymonville">Saint-Vigor-d'Ymonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Vincent-Cramesnil" title="Saint-Vincent-Cramesnil">Saint-Vincent-Cramesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandouville" title="Sandouville">Sandouville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassetot-le-Malgard%C3%A9" title="Sassetot-le-Malgardé">Sassetot-le-Malgardé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassetot-le-Mauconduit" title="Sassetot-le-Mauconduit">Sassetot-le-Mauconduit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasseville" title="Sasseville">Sasseville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauchay" title="Sauchay">Sauchay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saumont-la-Poterie" title="Saumont-la-Poterie">Saumont-la-Poterie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauqueville" title="Sauqueville">Sauqueville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saussay,_Seine-Maritime" title="Saussay, Seine-Maritime">Saussay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sausseuzemare-en-Caux" title="Sausseuzemare-en-Caux">Sausseuzemare-en-Caux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senneville-sur-F%C3%A9camp" title="Senneville-sur-Fécamp">Senneville-sur-Fécamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sept-Meules" title="Sept-Meules">Sept-Meules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serqueux,_Seine-Maritime" title="Serqueux, Seine-Maritime">Serqueux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Servaville-Salmonville" title="Servaville-Salmonville">Servaville-Salmonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierville" title="Sierville">Sierville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigy-en-Bray" title="Sigy-en-Bray">Sigy-en-Bray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smermesnil" title="Smermesnil">Smermesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sommery" title="Sommery">Sommery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sommesnil" title="Sommesnil">Sommesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorquainville" title="Sorquainville">Sorquainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotteville-l%C3%A8s-Rouen" title="Sotteville-lès-Rouen">Sotteville-lès-Rouen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotteville-sous-le-Val" title="Sotteville-sous-le-Val">Sotteville-sous-le-Val</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotteville-sur-Mer" title="Sotteville-sur-Mer">Sotteville-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tancarville" title="Tancarville">Tancarville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terres-de-Caux" title="Terres-de-Caux">Terres-de-Caux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9rouldeville" title="Thérouldeville">Thérouldeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theuville-aux-Maillots" title="Theuville-aux-Maillots">Theuville-aux-Maillots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiergeville" title="Thiergeville">Thiergeville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thi%C3%A9treville" title="Thiétreville">Thiétreville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thil-Manneville" title="Thil-Manneville">Thil-Manneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Thil-Riberpr%C3%A9" title="Le Thil-Riberpré">Le Thil-Riberpré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thiouville" title="Thiouville">Thiouville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Tilleul,_Seine-Maritime" title="Le Tilleul, Seine-Maritime">Le Tilleul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocqueville-en-Caux" title="Tocqueville-en-Caux">Tocqueville-en-Caux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tocqueville-les-Murs" title="Tocqueville-les-Murs">Tocqueville-les-Murs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torcy-le-Grand,_Seine-Maritime" title="Torcy-le-Grand, Seine-Maritime">Torcy-le-Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torcy-le-Petit,_Seine-Maritime" title="Torcy-le-Petit, Seine-Maritime">Torcy-le-Petit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Torp-Mesnil" title="Le Torp-Mesnil">Le Torp-Mesnil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B4tes" title="Tôtes">Tôtes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touffreville-la-Corbeline" title="Touffreville-la-Corbeline">Touffreville-la-Corbeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touffreville-sur-Eu" title="Touffreville-sur-Eu">Touffreville-sur-Eu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourville-la-Rivi%C3%A8re" title="Tourville-la-Rivière">Tourville-la-Rivière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourville-les-Ifs" title="Tourville-les-Ifs">Tourville-les-Ifs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourville-sur-Arques" title="Tourville-sur-Arques">Tourville-sur-Arques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toussaint,_Seine-Maritime" title="Toussaint, Seine-Maritime">Toussaint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Trait" title="Le Trait">Le Trait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9mauville" title="Trémauville">Trémauville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Tr%C3%A9port" title="Le Tréport">Le Tréport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Trinit%C3%A9-du-Mont" title="La Trinité-du-Mont">La Trinité-du-Mont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Trois-Pierres" title="Les Trois-Pierres">Les Trois-Pierres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trouville,_Seine-Maritime" title="Trouville, Seine-Maritime">Trouville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turretot" title="Turretot">Turretot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val-de-la-Haye" title="Val-de-la-Haye">Val-de-la-Haye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val-de-Sa%C3%A2ne" title="Val-de-Saâne">Val-de-Saâne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Val-de-Scie" title="Val-de-Scie">Val-de-Scie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valliquerville" title="Valliquerville">Valliquerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valmont,_Seine-Maritime" title="Valmont, Seine-Maritime">Valmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varengeville-sur-Mer" title="Varengeville-sur-Mer">Varengeville-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varneville-Bretteville" title="Varneville-Bretteville">Varneville-Bretteville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vassonville" title="Vassonville">Vassonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatierville" title="Vatierville">Vatierville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vattetot-sous-Beaumont" title="Vattetot-sous-Beaumont">Vattetot-sous-Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vattetot-sur-Mer" title="Vattetot-sur-Mer">Vattetot-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatteville-la-Rue" title="Vatteville-la-Rue">Vatteville-la-Rue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Vaupali%C3%A8re" title="La Vaupalière">La Vaupalière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veauville-l%C3%A8s-Quelles" title="Veauville-lès-Quelles">Veauville-lès-Quelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9nestanville" title="Vénestanville">Vénestanville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventes-Saint-R%C3%A9my" title="Ventes-Saint-Rémy">Ventes-Saint-Rémy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vergetot" title="Vergetot">Vergetot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veules-les-Roses" title="Veules-les-Roses">Veules-les-Roses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veulettes-sur-Mer" title="Veulettes-sur-Mer">Veulettes-sur-Mer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vibeuf" title="Vibeuf">Vibeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieux-Manoir" title="Vieux-Manoir">Vieux-Manoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vieux-Rouen-sur-Bresle" title="Vieux-Rouen-sur-Bresle">Vieux-Rouen-sur-Bresle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Vieux-Rue" title="La Vieux-Rue">La Vieux-Rue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villainville" title="Villainville">Villainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-%C3%89calles" title="Villers-Écalles">Villers-Écalles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villers-sous-Foucarmont" title="Villers-sous-Foucarmont">Villers-sous-Foucarmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villy-sur-Y%C3%A8res" title="Villy-sur-Yères">Villy-sur-Yères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinnemerville" title="Vinnemerville">Vinnemerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virville" title="Virville">Virville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittefleur" title="Vittefleur">Vittefleur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wanchy-Capval" title="Wanchy-Capval">Wanchy-Capval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yainville" title="Yainville">Yainville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%A9bleron" title="Yébleron">Yébleron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerville" title="Yerville">Yerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ymare" title="Ymare">Ymare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yport" title="Yport">Yport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ypreville-Biville" title="Ypreville-Biville">Ypreville-Biville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yquebeuf" title="Yquebeuf">Yquebeuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvecrique" title="Yvecrique">Yvecrique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvetot" title="Yvetot">Yvetot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yville-sur-Seine" title="Yville-sur-Seine">Yville-sur-Seine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>pref: <a href="/wiki/Prefectures_in_France" title="Prefectures in France">prefecture</a></li> <li>subpr: <a href="/wiki/Subprefectures_in_France" title="Subprefectures in France">subprefecture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_Venues_of_the_1900_Summer_Olympics_(Paris)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1900_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Template:1900 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1900_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Template talk:1900 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1900_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1900 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_Venues_of_the_1900_Summer_Olympics_(Paris)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/30px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/45px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/60px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Venues_of_the_1900_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Venues of the 1900 Summer Olympics">Venues</a> of the <a href="/wiki/1900_Summer_Olympics" title="1900 Summer Olympics">1900 Summer Olympics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/7th_arrondissement_of_Paris" title="7th arrondissement of Paris">7th arrondissement of Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois_de_Boulogne" title="Bois de Boulogne">Bois de Boulogne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bois_de_Vincennes" title="Bois de Vincennes">Bois de Vincennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt">Boulogne-Billancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Compiègne">Compiègne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racing_Levallois_92" class="mw-redirect" title="Racing Levallois 92">Croix-Catelan Stadium</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Le Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meulan-en-Yvelines" title="Meulan-en-Yvelines">Meulan-en-Yvelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Neuilly-sur-Seine">Neuilly-sur-Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puteaux" title="Puteaux">Puteaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satory" title="Satory">Satory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuileries_Garden" title="Tuileries Garden">Tuileries Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lodrome_de_Vincennes" title="Vélodrome de Vincennes">Vélodrome de Vincennes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="30px_Venues_of_the_1924_Summer_Olympics_(Paris)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1924_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Template:1924 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1924_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Template talk:1924 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1924_Summer_Olympic_venues" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1924 Summer Olympic venues"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px_Venues_of_the_1924_Summer_Olympics_(Paris)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/File:Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/30px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/45px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg/60px-Olympic_rings_without_rims.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="342" data-file-height="158" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Venues_of_the_1924_Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Venues of the 1924 Summer Olympics">Venues</a> of the <a href="/wiki/1924_Summer_Olympics" title="1924 Summer Olympics">1924 Summer Olympics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Bagatelle" title="Château de Bagatelle">Bagatelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Bassin d'Argentuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_de_Ch%C3%A2lons" title="Camp de Châlons">Camp de Châlons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fontainebleau" title="Fontainebleau">Fontainebleau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auteuil_Hippodrome" title="Auteuil Hippodrome">Hippodrome d'Auteuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Issy-les-Moulineaux" title="Issy-les-Moulineaux">Issy-les-Moulineaux</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Le Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_Olympique_de_Reims" title="Stade Olympique de Reims">Le Stade Olympique Reims</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Stand_de_Tir_de_Versailles" title="Le Stand de Tir de Versailles">Le Stand de Tir de Versailles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meulan-en-Yvelines" title="Meulan-en-Yvelines">Meulan-en-Yvelines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piscine_des_Tourelles" title="Piscine des Tourelles">Piscine des Tourelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Cloud_Racecourse" title="Saint-Cloud Racecourse">Saint-Cloud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_Bergeyre" title="Stade Bergeyre">Stade Bergeyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_Yves-du-Manoir" title="Stade Yves-du-Manoir">Stade Yves-du-Manoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_Bauer" title="Stade Bauer">Stade de Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stade_Pershing" title="Stade Pershing">Stade Pershing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lodrome_d%27Hiver" title="Vélodrome d'Hiver">Vélodrome d'Hiver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9lodrome_de_Vincennes" title="Vélodrome de Vincennes">Vélodrome de Vincennes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Olympic_venues_in_sailing" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Olympic_venues_sailing" title="Template:Olympic venues sailing"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Olympic_venues_sailing" title="Template talk:Olympic venues sailing"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic_venues_sailing" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Olympic venues sailing"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Olympic_venues_in_sailing" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_venues_in_sailing" title="List of Olympic venues in sailing">Olympic venues in sailing</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1900_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1900 Summer Olympics">1900</a>: <a href="/wiki/Meulan-en-Yvelines" title="Meulan-en-Yvelines">Meulan</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Le Havre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1908_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1908 Summer Olympics">1908</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ryde" title="Ryde">Ryde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunters_Quay" title="Hunters Quay">Hunters Quay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1912_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1912 Summer Olympics">1912</a>: <a href="/wiki/Nyn%C3%A4shamn" title="Nynäshamn">Nynäshamn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1920_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1920 Summer Olympics">1920</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ostend" title="Ostend">Ostend</a>, <a href="/wiki/IJ_(bay)" class="mw-redirect" title="IJ (bay)">Buiten Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1924_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1924 Summer Olympics">1924</a>: <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Le Havre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meulan-en-Yvelines" title="Meulan-en-Yvelines">Meulan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1928_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1928 Summer Olympics">1928</a>: <a href="/wiki/IJ_(Amsterdam)" title="IJ (Amsterdam)">Buiten Y</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zuiderzee" title="Zuiderzee">Zuiderzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1932_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1932 Summer Olympics">1932</a>: <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Los_Angeles" title="Port of Los Angeles">Los Angeles Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1936_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1936 Summer Olympics">1936</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Kiel" title="Bay of Kiel">Kiel Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1948_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1948 Summer Olympics">1948</a>: <a href="/wiki/Torbay" title="Torbay">Torbay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1952_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1952 Summer Olympics">1952</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harmaja" title="Harmaja">Harmaja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liuskasaari" title="Liuskasaari">Liuskasaari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1956_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1956 Summer Olympics">1956</a>: <a href="/wiki/Port_Phillip" title="Port Phillip">Port Phillip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1960_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1960 Summer Olympics">1960</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Naples" title="Gulf of Naples">Gulf of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1964_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1964 Summer Olympics">1964</a>: <a href="/wiki/Enoshima" title="Enoshima">Enoshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1968_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1968 Summer Olympics">1968</a>: <a href="/wiki/Club_de_Yates_de_Acapulco" title="Club de Yates de Acapulco">Club de Yates de Acapulco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1972_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1972 Summer Olympics">1972</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Kiel" title="Bay of Kiel">Bay of Kiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1976_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1976 Summer Olympics">1976</a>: <a href="/wiki/Portsmouth_Olympic_Harbour" title="Portsmouth Olympic Harbour">Portsmouth Olympic Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1980_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1980 Summer Olympics">1980</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tallinn_Olympic_Yachting_Centre" title="Tallinn Olympic Yachting Centre">Olympic Regatta in Tallinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1984_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1984 Summer Olympics">1984</a>: <a href="/wiki/Long_Beach_Shoreline_Marina" title="Long Beach Shoreline Marina">Long Beach Shoreline Marina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1988_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1988 Summer Olympics">1988</a>: <a href="/wiki/Busan_Yachting_Center" title="Busan Yachting Center">Busan Yachting Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1992_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1992 Summer Olympics">1992</a>: <a href="/wiki/Port_Ol%C3%ADmpic" title="Port Olímpic">Olympic Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_1996_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 1996 Summer Olympics">1996</a>: <a href="/wiki/Wassaw_Sound" title="Wassaw Sound">Wassaw Sound</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Sailing_pictogram.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/50px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/75px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Sailing_pictogram.svg/100px-Sailing_pictogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2000_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2000 Summer Olympics">2000</a>: <a href="/wiki/Rushcutters_Bay" title="Rushcutters Bay">Rushcutters Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2004_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2004 Summer Olympics">2004</a>: <a href="/wiki/Agios_Kosmas_Olympic_Sailing_Centre" title="Agios Kosmas Olympic Sailing Centre">Agios Kosmas Olympic Sailing Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2008_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2008 Summer Olympics">2008</a>: <a href="/wiki/Qingdao_International_Sailing_Centre" title="Qingdao International Sailing Centre">Qingdao International Sailing Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2012_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2012 Summer Olympics">2012</a>: <a href="/wiki/Weymouth_and_Portland_National_Sailing_Academy" title="Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy">Weymouth and Portland National Sailing Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2016_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2016 Summer Olympics">2016</a>: <a href="/wiki/Marina_da_Gl%C3%B3ria" title="Marina da Glória">Marina da Glória</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2020_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2020 Summer Olympics">2020</a>: <a href="/wiki/Enoshima" title="Enoshima">Enoshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sailing_at_the_2024_Summer_Olympics" title="Sailing at the 2024 Summer Olympics">2024</a>: <a href="/wiki/Old_Port_of_Marseille" title="Old Port of Marseille">Old Port of Marseille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028</a>: <a href="/wiki/Belmont_Veterans_Memorial_Pier" title="Belmont Veterans Memorial Pier">Belmont Veterans Memorial Pier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2032_Summer_Olympics" title="2032 Summer Olympics">2032</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Headland,_Queensland" title="Alexandra Headland, Queensland">Alexandra Headland, Queensland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manly,_Queensland" title="Manly, Queensland">Manly, Queensland</a></li></ul> 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