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Gérontocratie — Wikipédia

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Disponible en 43 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AE" title="حكم الشيوخ – arabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حكم الشيوخ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Герантакратыя – biélorusse" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Герантакратыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="biélorusse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геронтокрация – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Геронтокрация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontocr%C3%A0cia" title="Gerontocràcia – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gerontocràcia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontokracie" title="Gerontokracie – tchèque" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gerontokracie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tchèque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerentocratiaeth" title="Gerentocratiaeth – gallois" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Gerentocratiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gallois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontokratie" title="Gerontokratie – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gerontokratie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Gerontocracy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontocracia" title="Gerontocracia – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gerontocracia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontokraatia" title="Gerontokraatia – estonien" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gerontokraatia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontokrazia" title="Gerontokrazia – basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gerontokrazia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="پیرسالاری – persan" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پیرسالاری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontokratia" title="Gerontokratia – finnois" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gerontokratia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finnois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%94" title="גרונטוקרטיה – hébreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרונטוקרטיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hébreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontokracija" title="Gerontokracija – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gerontokracija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontokr%C3%A1cia" title="Gerontokrácia – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gerontokrácia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%AF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Գերոնտոկրատիա – arménien" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գերոնտոկրատիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontokrasi" title="Gerontokrasi – indonésien" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gerontokrasi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontocrazia" title="Gerontocrazia – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gerontocrazia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%95%B7%E8%80%81%E6%94%AF%E9%85%8D" title="長老支配 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="長老支配" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геронтократия – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Геронтократия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%A5%EB%A1%9C%EC%A0%95%EC%B9%98" title="장로정치 – coréen" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="장로정치" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coréen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геронтократия – karatchaï balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Геронтократия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karatchaï balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геронтократия – kirghize" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Геронтократия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirghize" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontokratija" title="Gerontokratija – lituanien" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gerontokratija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituanien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontokratie" title="Gerontokratie – bas-allemand" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Gerontokratie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="bas-allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontocratie" title="Gerontocratie – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gerontocratie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontokrati" title="Gerontokrati – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gerontokrati" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontokracja" title="Gerontokracja – polonais" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gerontokracja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontocracia" title="Gerontocracia – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gerontocracia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геронтократия – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Геронтократия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontokracija" title="Gerontokracija – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gerontokracija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontocracy" title="Gerontocracy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gerontocracy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontokracia" title="Gerontokracia – slovaque" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gerontokracia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontokracija" title="Gerontokracija – slovène" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gerontokracija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovène" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Геронтократија – serbe" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Геронтократија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontokrati" title="Gerontokrati – suédois" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gerontokrati" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suédois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2" title="ชราธิปไตย – thaï" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชราธิปไตย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thaï" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerontokrasi" title="Gerontokrasi – turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gerontokrasi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Геронтократия – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Геронтократия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Геронтократія – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Геронтократія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="გერონტოკრატია – mingrélien" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გერონტოკრატია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrélien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%81%E4%BA%BA%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" title="老人政治 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="老人政治" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><div class="bandeau-container metadata bandeau-article bandeau-niveau-ebauche"><div class="bandeau-cell bandeau-icone" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Society.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/45px-Society.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/68px-Society.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/90px-Society.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="96" data-file-height="38" /></a></span></div><div class="bandeau-cell" style="display:table-cell;padding-right:0.5em"> <p><strong class="bandeau-titre">Cet article est une <a href="/wiki/Aide:%C3%89bauche" title="Aide:Ébauche">ébauche</a> concernant la <a href="/wiki/Politique" title="Politique">politique</a>.</strong> </p><p>Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (<b><a href="/wiki/Aide:Comment_modifier_une_page" title="Aide:Comment modifier une page">comment&#160;?</a></b>) selon les recommandations des <a href="/wiki/Projet:Accueil" title="Projet:Accueil">projets correspondants</a>. </p> </div></div> <p>La <b>gérontocratie</b> désigne un <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gime_politique" title="Régime politique">régime politique</a> où le pouvoir est exercé par les personnes les plus âgées de la société (théoriquement) car jugées plus <a href="/wiki/Sagesse" title="Sagesse">sages</a>&#160;: les gérontes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_courant_et_exemples">Usage courant et exemples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9rontocratie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Usage courant et exemples" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9rontocratie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Usage courant et exemples"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L'usage à l'époque moderne fut surtout utilisé pour l'<a href="/wiki/Union_des_r%C3%A9publiques_socialistes_sovi%C3%A9tiques" title="Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques">Union soviétique</a> à partir des <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1970" title="Années 1970">années 1970</a>, mais devint flagrant au début des <a href="/wiki/Ann%C3%A9es_1980" title="Années 1980">années 1980</a>, en raison de l'âge des dirigeants&#160;: les premiers secrétaires du parti étaient âgés et en mauvaise santé (<a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9onid_Brejnev" title="Léonid Brejnev">Léonid Brejnev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iouri_Andropov" title="Iouri Andropov">Iouri Andropov</a> et <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Tchernenko" title="Konstantin Tchernenko">Konstantin Tchernenko</a>)&#160;; le <a href="/wiki/Politburo_du_Parti_communiste_de_l%27Union_sovi%C3%A9tique" title="Politburo du Parti communiste de l&#39;Union soviétique">Politburo</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Comit%C3%A9_central_du_Parti_communiste_de_l%27Union_sovi%C3%A9tique" title="Comité central du Parti communiste de l&#39;Union soviétique">Comité central</a> du parti étaient aussi marqués par l'âge avancé de leurs membres<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Par extension, les <a href="/wiki/Pays_communistes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pays communistes">pays communistes</a> furent marqués par cette gérontocratie où leur principal dirigeant était souvent âgé au moment de sa mort ou de son départ&#160;: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanie" title="Albanie">Albanie</a> (le premier secrétaire <a href="/wiki/Enver_Hoxha" title="Enver Hoxha">Enver Hoxha</a> avait 76 ans quand il meurt en mandat)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_d%C3%A9mocratique_allemande" title="République démocratique allemande">Allemagne de l'Est</a> (le secrétaire général <a href="/wiki/Erich_Honecker" title="Erich Honecker">Erich Honecker</a> avait 77 ans quand il démissionne)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarie" title="Bulgarie">Bulgarie</a> (le secrétaire général <a href="/wiki/Todor_Jivkov" title="Todor Jivkov">Todor Jivkov</a> avait 78 ans quand il démissionne)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hongrie" title="Hongrie">Hongrie</a> (le secrétaire général <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1nos_K%C3%A1d%C3%A1r" title="János Kádár">János Kádár</a> avait 75 ans quand il démissionne)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roumanie" title="Roumanie">Roumanie</a> (le secrétaire général <a href="/wiki/Nicolae_Ceau%C8%99escu" title="Nicolae Ceaușescu">Nicolae Ceaușescu</a> avait 71 ans quand il fut exécuté)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tch%C3%A9coslovaquie" title="Tchécoslovaquie">Tchécoslovaquie</a> (le président <a href="/wiki/Gust%C3%A1v_Hus%C3%A1k" title="Gustáv Husák">Gustáv Husák</a> avait 76 ans quand il démissionne)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yougoslavie" title="Yougoslavie">Yougoslavie</a> (le président <a href="/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito" title="Josip Broz Tito">Josip Broz Tito</a> avait 87 ans quand il meurt en mandat).</li></ul> <p>Plusieurs éditorialistes estiment que la <a href="/wiki/Politique_aux_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Politique aux États-Unis">politique américaine</a> a les attributs d'une gérontocratie du fait que la <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%A9sident_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Président des États-Unis">présidence</a> et le <a href="/wiki/Congr%C3%A8s_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Congrès des États-Unis">Congrès</a> ont une moyenne d'âge élevée, bien plus que celle des habitants du pays. Plusieurs élus militent pour des <a href="/wiki/Limite_du_nombre_de_mandats" title="Limite du nombre de mandats">limites de mandat</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Le terme est plus souvent utilisé indirectement, pour décrier la mainmise du pouvoir par les gérontes sur d'autres systèmes politiques, comme celui du despotisme réaliste, décrit par <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine">Alphonse de Lamartine</a> dans ses <i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ditations_po%C3%A9tiques" title="Méditations poétiques">Méditations poétiques</a></i>, au détriment du mérite ou d'autres qualités individuelles. L'usage de l'expression charismatique induit une politique de <a href="/wiki/Conservatisme" title="Conservatisme">traditionalisme</a>, les plus âgés étant supposés peu enclins à modifier les structures de la société, mais à la pérenniser telle qu'ils l'ont connue. </p><p>Par exemple, la ville de <a href="/wiki/Sparte" title="Sparte">Sparte</a>, pendant l'Antiquité, était en partie une gérontocratie&#160;; le <a href="/wiki/Vatican" title="Vatican">Vatican</a> est aussi en partie une gérontocratie. </p><p>De nos jours, l'<a href="/wiki/Alg%C3%A9rie" title="Algérie">Algérie</a> est un pays présenté comme une gérontocratie&#160;: son ancien président de 1999 à 2019, <a href="/wiki/Abdelaziz_Bouteflika" title="Abdelaziz Bouteflika">Abdelaziz Bouteflika</a>, démissionna en 2019 à 82 ans en un état physique jugé grabataire, et de nos jours, ses dirigeants politiques sont souvent âgés de plus de 65 ans, alors que la population de ce pays est très jeune. En fait, les autres pays nord-africains peuvent être décrits comme les gérontocraties au temps du <a href="/wiki/Printemps_arabe" title="Printemps arabe">printemps arabe</a> de 2011, avec les populations très jeunes&#160;: <a href="/wiki/Zine_El_Abidine_Ben_Ali" class="mw-redirect" title="Zine El Abidine Ben Ali">Zine El Abidine Ben Ali</a> avait 74 ans quand il démissionne comme président de <a href="/wiki/Tunisie" title="Tunisie">Tunisie</a>&#160;; <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Moubarak" title="Hosni Moubarak">Hosni Moubarak</a> avait 82 ans quand il fut déposé comme président d'<a href="/wiki/%C3%89gypte" title="Égypte">Égypte</a>&#160;; et <a href="/wiki/Mouammar_Kadhafi" title="Mouammar Kadhafi">Mouammar Kadhafi</a>, le chef d'État de <a href="/wiki/Libye" title="Libye">Libye</a>, avait 69 ans au temps de son assassinat. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9rontocratie&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%A9rontocratie&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Sokoloff" title="Georges Sokoloff">Georges Sokoloff</a>, <i>La Puissance pauvre&#160;: Une histoire de la Russie de 1815 à nos jours</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2019"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/09/03/america-gerontocracy-problem-politics-old-politicians-trump-biden-sanders-227986/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">America, the Gerontocracy. Our leaders, our electorate and our hallowed system of government itself are aging. And it shows</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">Politico</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2019-09-03" data-sort-value="2019-09-03">3 septembre 2019</time></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2023"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/feb/19/us-congress-presidency-gerontocracy"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">Gerontocracy: the exceptionally old political class that governs the US</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">The Guardian</span>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-02-19" data-sort-value="2023-02-19">19 février 2023</time></span></span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> <table class="navbox collapsible noprint autocollapse" style=""> <tbody><tr><th class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style=""><div style="float:left; width:6em; text-align:left"><div class="noprint plainlinks nowrap tnavbar" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-emphasized, #000000);"><a href="/wiki/Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Formes_de_gouvernements" title="Modèle:Palette Formes de gouvernements"><abbr class="abbr" title="Voir ce modèle.">v</abbr></a>&#160;· <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8le:Palette_Formes_de_gouvernements&amp;action=edit"><abbr class="abbr" title="Modifier ce modèle. Merci de prévisualiser avant de sauvegarder.">m</abbr></a></div></div><div style="font-size:110%"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gime_politique" title="Régime politique">Formes de gouvernements</a> <small><small>(<a href="/wiki/Liste_de_formes_de_gouvernements" title="Liste de formes de gouvernements">liste</a>)</small></small></div></th> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9mocratie_directe" title="Démocratie directe">Démocratie directe</a> <br /> <small><small>(gouvernement du peuple directement)</small></small></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acratie" title="Acratie">Acratie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchie" title="Anarchie">Anarchie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autogestion" title="Autogestion">Autogestion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communalisme" title="Communalisme">Communalisme</a> <ul><li>expériences de <a href="/wiki/Communisme_libertaire#Expériences_de_mise_en_pratique_de_communisme_libertaire" title="Communisme libertaire">communisme libertaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipalisme_libertaire" title="Municipalisme libertaire">Municipalisme libertaire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9mocratie_liquide" title="Démocratie liquide">Démocratie liquide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9_sans_%C3%89tat" title="Société sans État">Société sans État</a></li></ul> </div></td> <td class="navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:7px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Government_icon_(black).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Government_icon_%28black%29.svg/80px-Government_icon_%28black%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Government_icon_%28black%29.svg/120px-Government_icon_%28black%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Government_icon_%28black%29.svg/160px-Government_icon_%28black%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="373" /></a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9mocratie_repr%C3%A9sentative" title="Démocratie représentative">Démocratie représentative</a> <br /> <small><small>(gouvernement des élus)</small></small></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9mocratie_lib%C3%A9rale" title="Démocratie libérale">Démocratie libérale</a>/<a href="/wiki/Illib%C3%A9ralisme" title="Illibéralisme">Illibérale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9mocratie_non_partisane" title="Démocratie non partisane">Démocratie non partisane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9mocratie_parlementaire" title="Démocratie parlementaire">Démocratie parlementaire</a> <ul><li>Régime&#160;: <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gime_d%27assembl%C3%A9e" title="Régime d&#39;assemblée">d'assemblée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gime_parlementaire" title="Régime parlementaire">parlementaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gime_pr%C3%A9sidentiel" title="Régime présidentiel">présidentiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gime_semi-pr%C3%A9sidentiel" title="Régime semi-présidentiel">semi-présidentiel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9mocratie_participative" title="Démocratie participative">Démocratie participative</a> (hybridation avec la démocratie directe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchie_constitutionnelle" title="Monarchie constitutionnelle">Monarchie constitutionnelle parlementaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique" title="République">République</a> démocratique <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_islamique" title="République islamique">République islamique</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Oligarchie" title="Oligarchie">Oligarchie</a> <br /> <small><small>(gouvernement de quelques-uns)</small></small></th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aristocratie" title="Aristocratie">Aristocratie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacocratie" title="Cacocratie">Cacocratie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictature" title="Dictature">Dictature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dictature_militaire" title="Dictature militaire">Dictature militaire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gérontocratie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ocratie" title="Théocratie">Théocratie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tats_pontificaux" title="États pontificaux">États pontificaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_islamique" title="État islamique">État islamique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ocratie_tib%C3%A9taine" title="Théocratie tibétaine">Théocratie tibétaine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ritocratie" title="Méritocratie">Méritocratie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9potisme" title="Népotisme">Népotisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ochlocratie" title="Ochlocratie">Ochlocratie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Particratie" title="Particratie">Particratie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ploutocratie" title="Ploutocratie">Ploutocratie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9publique_aristocratique" title="République aristocratique">République aristocratique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stratocratie" title="Stratocratie">Stratocratie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technocratie" title="Technocratie">Technocratie</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style=""><a href="/wiki/Autocratie" title="Autocratie">Autocratie</a> <br /> <small><small>(gouvernement d'un seul)</small></small></th> <td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Despotisme" title="Despotisme">Despotisme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Despotisme_%C3%A9clair%C3%A9" title="Despotisme éclairé">Despotisme éclairé</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictature" title="Dictature">Dictature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dictature_militaire" title="Dictature militaire">Dictature militaire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Absolutisme" title="Absolutisme">Monarchie absolue</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchie_h%C3%A9r%C3%A9ditaire" title="Monarchie héréditaire">héréditaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchie_%C3%A9lective" title="Monarchie élective">élective</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Totalitarisme" title="Totalitarisme">Totalitarisme</a>/<a href="/wiki/Parti_unique" title="Parti unique">Parti unique</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tat_communiste" title="État communiste">État communiste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazisme" title="Nazisme">Nazisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fascisme" title="Fascisme">Fascisme</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyran" title="Tyran">Tyrannie</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th class="navbox-group" style="">Caractères transversaux</th> <td class="navbox-list" style=""><div class="liste-horizontale"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autoritarisme" title="Autoritarisme">Autoritarisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gouvernement_mixte" title="Gouvernement mixte">Gouvernement mixte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirage_au_sort_en_politique" title="Tirage au sort en politique">Stochocratie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seaucratie" title="Réseaucratie">Réseaucratie</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Politique" title="Portail de la politique"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Society.svg/48px-Society.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" 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