CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Ford Model T - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"bf15f9dd-8c16-4909-a0e2-be219e6cc77f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Ford_Model_T","wgTitle":"Ford Model T","wgCurRevisionId":1259116470,"wgRevisionId":1259116470,"wgArticleId":156891,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from April 2024","Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from October 2018","Articles to be expanded from February 2021","All articles to be expanded","Articles needing additional references from September 2017","All articles needing additional references", "Pages using the external media template with no first item","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023","Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2011","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2014","Commons category link is on Wikidata","1900s cars","1910s cars","1920s cars","Brass Era vehicles","Cars introduced in 1908","Convertibles","Ford vehicles","Full-size vehicles","History of Detroit","1908 establishments in the United States","Motor vehicles manufactured in the United States","Pickup trucks","Front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive vehicles"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Ford_Model_T","wgRelevantArticleId":156891,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags" :{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":80000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q182323","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready", "site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/1925_Ford_Model_T_touring.jpg/1200px-1925_Ford_Model_T_touring.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/1925_Ford_Model_T_touring.jpg/800px-1925_Ford_Model_T_touring.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/1925_Ford_Model_T_touring.jpg/640px-1925_Ford_Model_T_touring.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Ford Model T - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Ford_Model_T rootpage-Ford_Model_T skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ford+Model+T" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ford+Model+T" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ford+Model+T" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ford+Model+T" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Introduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Introduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Introduction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Introduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Characteristics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Characteristics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Engine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Engine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Engine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transmission_and_drive_train" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transmission_and_drive_train"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Transmission and drive train</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transmission_and_drive_train-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chassis_/_frame" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chassis_/_frame"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>Chassis / frame</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chassis_/_frame-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transmission_bands_and_linings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transmission_bands_and_linings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Transmission bands and linings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transmission_bands_and_linings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermarket_transmissions_and_drives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermarket_transmissions_and_drives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>Aftermarket transmissions and drives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aftermarket_transmissions_and_drives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suspension_and_wheels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suspension_and_wheels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Suspension and wheels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suspension_and_wheels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Colors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Body" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Body"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Body</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Body-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diverse_applications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diverse_applications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Diverse applications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Diverse_applications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Production-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Production subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mass_production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mass_production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Mass production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mass_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Price_and_production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Price_and_production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Price and production</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Price_and_production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recycling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recycling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Recycling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recycling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_global_car" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_global_car"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>First global car</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_global_car-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Advertising_and_marketing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Advertising_and_marketing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Advertising and marketing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Advertising_and_marketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-24_Hours_of_Le_Mans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#24_Hours_of_Le_Mans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>24 Hours of Le Mans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-24_Hours_of_Le_Mans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Car_clubs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Car_clubs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Car clubs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Car_clubs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ford Model T</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Ford Model T" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8D%8E%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%B5_%E1%88%9E%E1%8B%B4%E1%88%8D_%E1%89%B2" title="ፎርድ ሞዴል ቲ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ፎርድ ሞዴል ቲ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="فورد موديل تي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فورد موديل تي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_T" title="Ford T – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Ford T" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_T" title="Ford T – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Ford T" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ford Model T" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_T" title="Ford T – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ford T" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_model_T" title="Ford model T – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ford model T" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_T" title="Ford T – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ford T" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Modell_T" title="Ford Modell T – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ford Modell T" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_T" title="Ford T – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ford T" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ford Model T" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_T" title="Ford T – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ford T" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Modelo_T" title="Ford Modelo T – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ford Modelo T" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_T" title="Ford T – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ford T" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%84_%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="فورد مدل تی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فورد مدل تی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_T" title="Ford T – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ford T" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_T" title="Ford T – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ford T" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%EB%93%9C_%EB%AA%A8%EB%8D%B8_T" title="포드 모델 T – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포드 모델 T" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_T" title="Ford T – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Ford T" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Ford Model T" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_T" title="Ford T – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ford T" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ford Model T" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%93%D7%9C_T" title="פורד מודל T – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פורד מודל T" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="Ford Model T" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Mod%C3%A8l_T" title="Ford Modèl T – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Ford Modèl T" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ford Model T" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_T" title="Ford T – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Ford T" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ford Model T" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_T-modell" title="Ford T-modell – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ford T-modell" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ford Model T" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-Ford" title="T-Ford – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="T-Ford" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-Ford" title="T-Ford – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="T-Ford" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A2%E3%83%87%E3%83%ABT" title="フォード・モデルT – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フォード・モデルT" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ford Model T" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_T" title="Ford T – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Ford T" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88_%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%88%D9%84_%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="فورڈ ماڈل ٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فورڈ ماڈل ٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ford Model T" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ford Model T" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ford Model T" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ford Model T" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Ford Model T" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ford Model T" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Ford Model T" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ford Model T" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_T" title="Ford T – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ford T" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_model_T" title="Ford model T – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ford model T" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ford Model T" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Ford Model T" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ford Model T" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-Ford" title="T-Ford – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="T-Ford" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94_%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5" title="ฟอร์ด โมเดลที – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟอร์ด โมเดลที" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ford Model T" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ford Model T" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ford Model T" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9T%E5%9E%8B%E8%BD%A6" title="福特T型车 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="福特T型车" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9T%E5%9E%8B%E8%BB%8A" title="福特T型車 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="福特T型車" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A6%8F%E7%89%B9T%E5%9E%8B%E8%BD%A6" title="福特T型车 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="福特T型车" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/FORD_MODEL_T" title="FORD MODEL T – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="FORD MODEL T" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q182323#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Ford_Model_T" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_T"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_T"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Ford_Model_T" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Ford_Model_T" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&oldid=1259116470" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Ford_Model_T&id=1259116470&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFord_Model_T"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFord_Model_T"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ford_Model_T&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ford_Model_T" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q182323" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American car (1908–1927)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"T Model" and "Model T" redirect here. For the financial formula, see <a href="/wiki/T-model" title="T-model">T-model</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Ford_T_platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford T platform">Ford T platform</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Motor vehicle</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hproduct"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C0C0C0; padding:0.25em 1em; text-align:center;">Ford Model T</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:1925_Ford_Model_T_touring.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/1925_Ford_Model_T_touring.jpg/280px-1925_Ford_Model_T_touring.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/1925_Ford_Model_T_touring.jpg/420px-1925_Ford_Model_T_touring.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/1925_Ford_Model_T_touring.jpg/560px-1925_Ford_Model_T_touring.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">1925 Ford Model T Touring Car</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Production</th><td class="infobox-data">October 1908 – May 1927</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Assembly</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>United States:<sup id="cite_ref-Assembly_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Assembly-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a>, Michigan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highland_Park,_Michigan" title="Highland Park, Michigan">Highland Park, Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dothan,_Alabama" title="Dothan, Alabama">Dothan, Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta, Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>, Colorado<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, California</li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, California<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, Minnesota</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul,_Minnesota" title="Saint Paul, Minnesota">Saint Paul, Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis" title="St. Louis">St. Louis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kansas_City,_Missouri" title="Kansas City, Missouri">Kansas City, Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seattle,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle, Washington">Seattle, Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha, Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo,_New_York" title="Buffalo, New York">Buffalo, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Island_City" title="Long Island City">Long Island City</a>, New York</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>, Ohio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a>, Ohio<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus,_Ohio" title="Columbus, Ohio">Columbus, Ohio</a><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ohio" title="Hamilton, Ohio">Hamilton, Ohio</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a>, Texas<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston, Texas">Houston, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth,_Texas" title="Fort Worth, Texas">Fort Worth, Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacksonville,_Florida" title="Jacksonville, Florida">Jacksonville, Florida</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> Louisiana<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines, Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge, Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, Illinois</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte,_North_Carolina" title="Charlotte, North Carolina">Charlotte, North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fargo,_North_Dakota" title="Fargo, North Dakota">Fargo, North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indianapolis,_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Indianapolis, Indiana">Indianapolis, Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>, Wisconsin</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, Pennsylvania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>, Pennsylvania</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kearny,_New_Jersey" title="Kearny, New Jersey">Kearny, New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City,_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Oklahoma City, Oklahoma">Oklahoma City, Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandria,_Virginia" title="Alexandria, Virginia">Alexandria, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_Lake_City" title="Salt Lake City">Salt Lake City</a>, Utah</li></ul></li> <li>Argentina: <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></li> <li>Australia: <a href="/wiki/Geelong" title="Geelong">Geelong</a>, Victoria</li> <li>Brazil: <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Bernardo_do_Campo" title="São Bernardo do Campo">São Bernardo do Campo</a>, São Paulo</li> <li>Canada: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, Ontario,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkerville,_Ontario" title="Walkerville, Ontario">Walkerville</a>, Ontario,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winnipeg" title="Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a>, Manitoba<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a>, Quebec<sup id="cite_ref-Assembly_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Assembly-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, British Columbia<sup id="cite_ref-Assembly_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Assembly-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li>Chile: <a href="/wiki/Santiago" title="Santiago">Santiago</a></li> <li>Denmark: <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></li> <li>France: <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asni%C3%A8res-sur-Seine" title="Asnières-sur-Seine">Asnières-sur-Seine</a></li> <li>Germany: <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li>Ireland: <a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a></li> <li>Italy: <a href="/wiki/Trieste" title="Trieste">Trieste</a></li> <li>Japan: <a href="/wiki/Yokohama" title="Yokohama">Yokohama</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Mexico: <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Norway: <a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a></li> <li>Spain: <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1diz" title="Cádiz">Cádiz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a></li> <li>South Africa: <a href="/wiki/Port_Elizabeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Elizabeth">Port Elizabeth</a></li> <li>United Kingdom: <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Automotive_design" title="Automotive design">Designer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Childe_Harold_Wills" class="mw-redirect" title="Childe Harold Wills">Childe Harold Wills</a>, main-engineer <a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Galamb" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph A. Galamb">Joseph A. Galamb</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Farkas" title="Eugene Farkas">Eugene Farkas</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Body and chassis</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Car_classification" title="Car classification">Class</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Economy_car" title="Economy car">Economy car</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Car_body_style" title="Car body style">Body style</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"> <ul><li>2-door touring (1909–1911)</li> <li>3-door touring (1912–1925)</li> <li>4-door touring (1926–27)</li> <li>no door <a href="/wiki/Roadster_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadster (automobile)">roadster</a> (1909–1911)</li> <li>1-door roadster (1912–1925)</li> <li>2-door roadster (1926–27)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadster_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadster (automobile)">roadster</a> <a href="/wiki/Pickup_truck" title="Pickup truck">pickup</a> (1925–1927)</li> <li>2-door <a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupé">coupé</a> (1909–1912, 1917–1927)</li> <li>2-door Coupelet (1915–1917)</li> <li>Town car (1909–1918)</li> <li>C-cab <a href="/wiki/Station_wagon" title="Station wagon">wagon</a> (1912)</li> <li>2-(center) door <a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">sedan</a> (1915–1923)</li> <li>2-door sedan (1924–1927)</li> <li>4-door sedan (1923–1927)</li> <li>Separate chassis were available all years from independent <a href="/wiki/Coachbuilder" title="Coachbuilder">coachbuilders</a></li></ul> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout" title="Powertrain layout">Layout</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/FMR_layout" class="mw-redirect" title="FMR layout">FMR layout</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Powertrain</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Engine" title="Engine">Engine</a></th><td class="infobox-data">177 C.I.D. (2.9 L) 20 hp <a href="/wiki/Straight-4" class="mw-redirect" title="Straight-4">I4</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Transmission_(mechanical_device)" title="Transmission (mechanical device)">Transmission</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">2-speed <a href="/wiki/Planetary_gear" class="mw-redirect" title="Planetary gear">planetary gear</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Dimensions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Wheelbase" title="Wheelbase">Wheelbase</a></th><td class="infobox-data">100.0 in (2,540 mm)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">134 in (3,404 mm)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Width</th><td class="infobox-data">1,676 mm (66.0 in) (1912 roadster)<sup id="cite_ref-carsized_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carsized-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">1,860 mm (73.2 in) (1912 roadster)<sup id="cite_ref-carsized_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-carsized-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Curb_weight" class="mw-redirect" title="Curb weight">Curb weight</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1,200–1,650 lb (540–750 kg)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #C0C0C0">Chronology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_N" title="Ford Model N">Ford Model N</a> (1906–1908)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_A_(1927%E2%80%9331)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford Model A (1927–31)">Ford Model A</a> (1927–31)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Ford Model T</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobile</a> that was produced by the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> from October 1, 1908, to May 26, 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is generally regarded as the first mass-affordable automobile, which made car travel available to middle-class Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The relatively low price was partly the result of Ford's efficient fabrication, including <a href="/wiki/Assembly_line" title="Assembly line">assembly line</a> production instead of individual handcrafting.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The savings from <a href="/wiki/Mass_production" title="Mass production">mass production</a> allowed the price to decline from $780 in 1910 (equivalent to $25,506 in 2023) to $290 in 1924 ($5,156 in 2023 dollars<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-US_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was mainly designed by three engineers, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Galamb" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph A. Galamb">Joseph A. Galamb</a> (the main engineer),<sup id="cite_ref-ceautoclassic_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ceautoclassic-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Farkas" title="Eugene Farkas">Eugene Farkas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Childe_Harold_Wills" class="mw-redirect" title="Childe Harold Wills">Childe Harold Wills</a>. The Model T was <a href="/wiki/Colloquially" class="mw-redirect" title="Colloquially">colloquially</a> known as the "<b>Tin Lizzie</b>".<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Ford Model T was named the most influential car of the 20th century in the 1999 <a href="/wiki/Car_of_the_Century" title="Car of the Century">Car of the Century</a> competition, ahead of the <a href="/wiki/Mini" title="Mini">BMC Mini</a>, <a href="/wiki/Citro%C3%ABn_DS" title="Citroën DS">Citroën DS</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Beetle" title="Volkswagen Beetle">Volkswagen Beetle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ford's Model T was successful not only because it provided inexpensive transportation on a massive scale, but also because the car signified innovation for the rising middle class and became a powerful symbol of the United States' age of modernization.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With over 15 million sold,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_automobiles" title="List of best-selling automobiles">most sold car in history</a> before being surpassed by the Volkswagen Beetle in 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Introduction">Introduction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Introduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Early automobiles, which <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_automobile" title="History of the automobile">were produced from the 1880s</a>, were mostly scarce, expensive, and often unreliable. Being the first reliable, easily maintained, mass-market motorized transportation made the Model T into a great success: Within a few days after release, 15,000 orders were placed.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first production Model T was built on August 12, 1908,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and left the factory on September 27, 1908, at the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Piquette_Avenue_Plant" title="Ford Piquette Avenue Plant">Ford Piquette Avenue Plant</a> in <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit, Michigan</a>. On May 26, 1927, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a> watched the 15 millionth Model T Ford roll off the assembly line at his <a href="/wiki/Highland_Park_Ford_Plant" title="Highland Park Ford Plant">factory in Highland Park, Michigan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15million_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15million-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henry Ford conceived a series of cars between the founding of the company in 1903 and the introduction of the Model T. Ford named his first car the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_A_(1903%E2%80%9304)" title="Ford Model A (1903–04)">Model A</a> and proceeded through the alphabet up through the Model T. Twenty models in all, not all of which went into production. The production model immediately before the Model T was the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_S" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford Model S">Model S</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an upgraded version of the company's largest success to that point, the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_N" title="Ford Model N">Model N</a>. The follow-up to the Model T was <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_A_(1927%E2%80%931931)" title="Ford Model A (1927–1931)">another Ford Model A</a>, rather than the "Model U". The company publicity said this was because the new car was such a departure from the old that Ford wanted to start all over again with the letter <i>A</i>. </p><p>The Model T was Ford's first automobile <a href="/wiki/Mass_production" title="Mass production">mass-produced</a> on moving assembly lines with completely <a href="/wiki/Interchangeable_parts" title="Interchangeable parts">interchangeable parts</a>, marketed to the <a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">middle class</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-hounshell-1984_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hounshell-1984-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henry Ford said of the vehicle: </p> <blockquote> <p>I will build a motor car for the great multitude. It will be large enough for the family, but small enough for the individual to run and care for. It will be constructed of the best materials, by the best men to be hired, after the simplest designs that modern engineering can devise. But it will be so low in price that no man making a good salary will be unable to own one – and enjoy with his family the blessing of hours of pleasure in God's great open spaces.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </blockquote> <p>Although credit for the development of the assembly line belongs to <a href="/wiki/Ransom_E._Olds" title="Ransom E. Olds">Ransom E. Olds</a>, with the first mass-produced automobile, the <a href="/wiki/Oldsmobile_Curved_Dash" title="Oldsmobile Curved Dash">Oldsmobile Curved Dash</a>, having begun in 1901, the tremendous advances in the efficiency of the system over the life of the Model T can be credited almost entirely to Ford and his engineers.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1908_Ford_Model_T.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/1908_Ford_Model_T.jpg/220px-1908_Ford_Model_T.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/1908_Ford_Model_T.jpg/330px-1908_Ford_Model_T.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/1908_Ford_Model_T.jpg/440px-1908_Ford_Model_T.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption>1908 Ford Model T advertisement</figcaption></figure> <p>The Model T was designed by <a href="/wiki/Childe_Harold_Wills" class="mw-redirect" title="Childe Harold Wills">Childe Harold Wills</a>, and Hungarian immigrants <a href="/wiki/Joseph_A._Galamb" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph A. Galamb">Joseph A. Galamb</a> (main engineer)<sup id="cite_ref-ceautoclassic_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ceautoclassic-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Eugene_Farkas" title="Eugene Farkas">Eugene Farkas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Henry Love, C. J. Smith, Gus Degner and <a href="/wiki/Peter_E._Martin" title="Peter E. Martin">Peter E. Martin</a> were also part of the team,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as were Galamb's fellow Hungarian immigrants Gyula Hartenberger and Károly Balogh.<sup id="cite_ref-ceautoclassic_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ceautoclassic-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Production of the Model T began in the third quarter of 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-Clymer1950p100_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clymer1950p100-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Collectors today sometimes classify Model Ts by build years and refer to these as "<a href="/wiki/Model_year" title="Model year">model years</a>", thus labeling the first Model Ts as 1909 models. This is a retroactive classification scheme; the concept of model years as understood today did not exist at the time. Even though <a href="#Body">design revisions occurred</a> during the car's two decades of production, the company gave no particular name to any of the revised designs; all of them were called simply "Model T". </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Engine">Engine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Engine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_T_engine" title="Ford Model T engine">Ford Model T engine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fordsidevalve.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Fordsidevalve.jpg/220px-Fordsidevalve.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Fordsidevalve.jpg/330px-Fordsidevalve.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Fordsidevalve.jpg/440px-Fordsidevalve.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Model T engine</figcaption></figure> <p>The Model T has a front-mounted 177-cubic-inch (2.9 L) <a href="/wiki/Inline-four_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Inline-four engine">inline four-cylinder</a> engine, producing 20 hp (15 kW), for a top speed of 42 mph (68 km/h).<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Ford Motor Company, the Model T had fuel economy of 13–21 mpg<sub>‑US</sub> (16–25 mpg<sub>‑imp</sub>; 18–11 L/100 km).<sup id="cite_ref-MediaFordCom_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MediaFordCom-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The engine was designed to run on <a href="/wiki/Gasoline" title="Gasoline">gasoline</a>, although it may also have been able to run on <a href="/wiki/Kerosene" title="Kerosene">kerosene</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ethanol_fuel" title="Ethanol fuel">ethanol</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the decreasing cost of gasoline and the later introduction of <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">Prohibition</a> made ethanol an impractical fuel for most users. The engines of the first 2,447 units were cooled with water pumps; the engines of unit 2,448 and onward, with a few exceptions prior to around unit 2,500, were cooled by <a href="/wiki/Thermosiphon" title="Thermosiphon">thermosiphon action</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kimes1989p551_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kimes1989p551-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ignition_system" title="Ignition system">ignition system</a> used in the Model T was an unusual one, with a low-voltage <a href="/wiki/Magneto" title="Magneto">magneto</a> incorporated in the flywheel, supplying alternating current to <a href="/wiki/Trembler_coil" title="Trembler coil">trembler coils</a> to drive the <a href="/wiki/Spark_plug" title="Spark plug">spark plugs</a>. This was closer to that used for stationary <a href="/wiki/Gas_engine" title="Gas engine">gas engines</a> than the expensive high-voltage <a href="/wiki/Ignition_magneto" title="Ignition magneto">ignition magnetos</a> that were used on some other cars. This ignition also made the Model T more flexible as to the quality or type of fuel it used. The system did not need a starting battery, since proper hand-cranking would generate enough current for starting. Electric lighting powered by the <a href="/wiki/Magneto" title="Magneto">magneto</a> was adopted in 1915, replacing <a href="/wiki/Carbide_lamp" title="Carbide lamp">acetylene gas flame lamp</a> and oil lamps, but electric starting was not offered until 1919.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1920_Ford_Model_T_Controls_(1495288990).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/1920_Ford_Model_T_Controls_%281495288990%29.jpg/220px-1920_Ford_Model_T_Controls_%281495288990%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/1920_Ford_Model_T_Controls_%281495288990%29.jpg/330px-1920_Ford_Model_T_Controls_%281495288990%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/1920_Ford_Model_T_Controls_%281495288990%29.jpg/440px-1920_Ford_Model_T_Controls_%281495288990%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>View of the driver's controls, 1920 Model<span class="nowrap"> </span>T</figcaption></figure> <p>The Model T engine was produced for replacement needs as well as stationary and marine applications until 1941, well after production of the Model T ended. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Fordson" title="Fordson">Fordson</a> Model F tractor engine, that was designed about a decade later, was very similar to, but larger than, the Model T engine.<sup id="cite_ref-Manly1919p268_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manly1919p268-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transmission_and_drive_train">Transmission and drive train</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Transmission and drive train"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Model_T_pedals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Model_T_pedals.jpg/220px-Model_T_pedals.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Model_T_pedals.jpg/330px-Model_T_pedals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Model_T_pedals.jpg/440px-Model_T_pedals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>The three pedal controls clutch, brake, reverse of the Model<span class="nowrap"> </span>T</figcaption></figure> <p>The Model T is a <a href="/wiki/Rear-wheel_drive" title="Rear-wheel drive">rear-wheel drive</a> vehicle. Its <a href="/wiki/Transmission_(mechanics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmission (mechanics)">transmission</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Planetary_gear" class="mw-redirect" title="Planetary gear">planetary gear</a> type known (at the time) as "three speed". In today's terms it is considered a two-speed, because one of the three speeds is reverse. </p><p>The Model T's transmission is controlled with three floor-mounted <a href="/wiki/Gas_pedal" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas pedal">pedals</a>, a revolutionary feature for its time,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a lever mounted to the road side of the driver's seat. The <a href="/wiki/Throttle" title="Throttle">throttle</a> is controlled with a lever on the <a href="/wiki/Steering_wheel" title="Steering wheel">steering wheel</a>. The left-hand pedal is used to engage the transmission. With the floor lever in either the mid position or fully forward and the pedal pressed and held forward, the car enters low gear. When held in an intermediate position, the car is in neutral. If the left pedal is released, the Model T enters high gear, but only when the lever is fully forward – in any other position, the pedal only moves up as far as the central neutral position. This allows the car to be held in neutral while the driver cranks the engine by hand. The car can thus cruise without the driver having to press any of the pedals. </p><p>In the first 800 units, reverse is engaged with a lever; all units after that use the central pedal, which is used to engage reverse gear when the car is in neutral.<sup id="cite_ref-Kimes1989p551_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kimes1989p551-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The right-hand pedal operates the <a href="/wiki/Transmission_brake" title="Transmission brake">transmission brake</a> – there are no brakes on the wheels. The floor lever also controls the <a href="/wiki/Parking_brake" title="Parking brake">parking brake</a>, which is activated by pulling the lever all the way back. This doubles as an emergency brake. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_model_t_1919_d044_lubrication_chart.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ford_model_t_1919_d044_lubrication_chart.png/220px-Ford_model_t_1919_d044_lubrication_chart.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="378" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ford_model_t_1919_d044_lubrication_chart.png/330px-Ford_model_t_1919_d044_lubrication_chart.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Ford_model_t_1919_d044_lubrication_chart.png/440px-Ford_model_t_1919_d044_lubrication_chart.png 2x" data-file-width="1189" data-file-height="2044" /></a><figcaption>Model T rolling chassis – top view</figcaption></figure> <p>Although it was uncommon, the drive bands could fall out of adjustment, allowing the car to creep, particularly when cold, adding another hazard to attempting to start the car: a person cranking the engine could be forced backward while still holding the crank as the car crept forward, although it was nominally in neutral. As the car utilizes a <a href="/wiki/Wet_clutch" class="mw-redirect" title="Wet clutch">wet clutch</a>, this condition could also occur in cold weather, when the thickened oil prevents the clutch discs from slipping freely. Power reaches the <a href="/wiki/Differential_(mechanical_device)" title="Differential (mechanical device)">differential</a> through a single <a href="/wiki/Universal_joint" title="Universal joint">universal joint</a> attached to a <a href="/wiki/Torque_tube" title="Torque tube">torque tube</a> which drives the rear <a href="/wiki/Axle" title="Axle">axle</a>; some models (typically trucks, but available for cars, as well) could be equipped with an optional two-speed rear Ruckstell axle, shifted by a floor-mounted lever which provides an underdrive gear for easier hill climbing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Chassis_/_frame"><span id="Chassis_.2F_frame"></span>Chassis / frame</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chassis / frame"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b> with: discussion of the standard model T frame design, working, and production. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2021</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The heavy-duty <i><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_TT" title="Ford Model TT">Model TT</a></i> truck chassis came with a special <a href="/wiki/Worm_gear" class="mw-redirect" title="Worm gear">worm gear</a> rear differential with lower gearing than the normal car and truck, giving more pulling power but a lower top speed (the frame is also stronger; the cab and engine are the same). A Model TT is easily identifiable by the cylindrical housing for the worm-drive over the axle differential. All gears are <a href="/wiki/Vanadium_steel" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanadium steel">vanadium steel</a> running in an oil bath. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Transmission_bands_and_linings">Transmission bands and linings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Transmission bands and linings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two main types of band lining material were used:<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i>Cotton</i> – Cotton woven linings were the original type fitted and specified by Ford. Generally, the cotton lining is "kinder" to the drum surface, with damage to the drum caused only by the retaining rivets scoring the drum surface. Although this in itself did not pose a problem, a dragging band resulting from improper adjustment caused overheating of the transmission and engine, diminished power, and – in the case of cotton linings – rapid destruction of the band lining.</li> <li><i>Wood</i> – Wooden linings were originally offered as a "longer life" accessory part during the life of the Model T. They were a single piece of steam-bent wood and metal wire, fitted to the normal Model T transmission band.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These bands give a very different feel to the pedals, with much more of a "bite" feel. The sensation is of a definite "grip" of the drum and seemed to noticeably increase the feel, in particular of the brake drum.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Aftermarket_transmissions_and_drives">Aftermarket transmissions and drives</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Aftermarket transmissions and drives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the Model T's production run, particularly after 1916, more than 30 manufacturers offered auxiliary transmissions or drives to substitute for, or enhance, the Model T's drivetrain gears. Some offered overdrive for greater speed and efficiency, while others offered underdrives for more <a href="/wiki/Torque" title="Torque">torque</a> (often incorrectly described as "power") to enable hauling or pulling greater loads. Among the most noted were the Ruckstell two-speed rear axle, and transmissions by Muncie, Warford, and Jumbo.<sup id="cite_ref-auxiliary_transmissions_1921_fahnestock_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auxiliary_transmissions_1921_fahnestock-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-auxiliary_transmissions_ted_aschman_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auxiliary_transmissions_ted_aschman-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aftermarket transmissions generally fit one of four categories: </p> <ul><li><i>Replacement transmission</i> – usually a sliding gear/selective transmission, intended as a direct replacement for Ford's planetary-gear transmission.<sup id="cite_ref-auxiliary_transmissions_ted_aschman_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auxiliary_transmissions_ted_aschman-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Front-mounted auxiliary transmission</i> – designed to fit between the engine and Ford's transmission, to add additional gear ratios.<sup id="cite_ref-auxiliary_transmissions_ted_aschman_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auxiliary_transmissions_ted_aschman-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Rear-mounted auxiliary transmission</i> – mounted at the rear axle housing, and attached between it and the driveshaft, to add additional gear ratios.<sup id="cite_ref-auxiliary_transmissions_ted_aschman_51-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auxiliary_transmissions_ted_aschman-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Multi-speed axle</i> – designed to fit <i>inside</i> the differential's housing, to add additional gear ratios.<sup id="cite_ref-auxiliary_transmissions_ted_aschman_51-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auxiliary_transmissions_ted_aschman-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Murray Fahnestock, a Ford expert in the era of the Model T, particularly advised the use of auxiliary transmissions for the enclosed Model T's, such as the Ford Sedan and Coupelet, for three reasons: their greater weight put more strain on the drivetrain and engine, which auxiliary transmissions could smooth out; their bodies acted as sounding boards, echoing engine noise and vibration at higher engine speeds, which could be lessened with intermediate gears; and owners of the enclosed cars spent more to buy them, and thus likely had more money to enhance them.<sup id="cite_ref-auxiliary_transmissions_1921_fahnestock_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auxiliary_transmissions_1921_fahnestock-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He also noted that auxiliary transmissions were valuable for Ford Ton-Trucks in commercial use, allowing for driving speeds to vary with their widely variable loads – particularly when returning empty – possibly saving as much as 50% of returning drive time.<sup id="cite_ref-auxiliary_transmissions_1921_fahnestock_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auxiliary_transmissions_1921_fahnestock-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suspension_and_wheels">Suspension and wheels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Suspension and wheels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ford_Model_T" title="Special:EditPage/Ford Model T">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_model_t_suspension.triddle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ford_model_t_suspension.triddle.jpg/220px-Ford_model_t_suspension.triddle.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ford_model_t_suspension.triddle.jpg/330px-Ford_model_t_suspension.triddle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ford_model_t_suspension.triddle.jpg/440px-Ford_model_t_suspension.triddle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>The suspension components of a Ford Model T. The coil-spring device is an aftermarket accessory, the "Hassler shock absorber".</figcaption></figure> <p>Model T suspension employed a transversely mounted semi-elliptical spring for each of the front and rear beam axles, which allowed a great deal of wheel movement to cope with the dirt roads of the time. </p><p>The front axle was <a href="/wiki/Drop_forged" class="mw-redirect" title="Drop forged">drop forged</a> as a single piece of vanadium steel. Ford twisted many axles through eight full rotations (2880 degrees) and sent them to dealers to be put on display to demonstrate its superiority. </p><p>The Model T did not have a modern service brake. The right foot pedal applied a band around a drum in the transmission, thus stopping the rear wheels from turning. The previously mentioned parking brake lever operated <a href="/wiki/Band_brake" title="Band brake">band brakes</a> acting on the inside of the rear brake drums, which were an integral part of the rear wheel hubs. Optional brakes that acted on the outside of the brake drums were available from aftermarket suppliers. </p><p>Wheels were wooden <a href="/wiki/Artillery_wheel" title="Artillery wheel">artillery wheels</a>, with steel welded-spoke wheels available in 1926 and 1927. </p><p>Tires were <a href="/wiki/Tire" title="Tire">pneumatic</a> <a href="/wiki/Clincher_tire" class="mw-redirect" title="Clincher tire">clincher</a> type, 30 in (762 mm) in diameter, 3.5 in (89 mm) wide in the rear, 3 in (76 mm) in the front. Clinchers needed much higher pressure than today's tires, typically 60 psi (410 kPa), to prevent them from leaving the rim at speed. Flat tires were a common problem. </p><p>Balloon tires became available in 1925. They were 21 in × 4.5 in (530 mm × 110 mm) all around. Balloon tires were closer in design to today's tires, with steel wires reinforcing the tire bead, making lower pressure possible – typically 35 psi (240 kPa) – giving a softer ride. The steering gear ratio was changed from 4:1 to 5:1 with the introduction of balloon tires.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The old nomenclature for tire size changed from measuring the outer diameter to measuring the rim diameter so 21 in (530 mm) (rim diameter) × 4.5 in (110 mm) (tire width) wheels has about the same outer diameter as 30 in (760 mm) clincher tires. All tires in this time period used an <a href="/wiki/Inner_tube" title="Inner tube">inner tube</a> to hold the pressurized air; <a href="/wiki/Tubeless_tire" title="Tubeless tire">tubeless tires</a> were not generally in use until much later. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Wheelbase" title="Wheelbase">Wheelbase</a> is 100 in (254 cm) and standard track width was 56 in (142 cm) – 60 in (152 cm) track could be obtained on special order, "for Southern roads," identical to <a href="/wiki/Track_gauge_in_the_United_States#5ft" title="Track gauge in the United States">the pre-Civil War track gauge</a> for many railroads in the former <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederacy</a>. The standard 56-inch track being very near the <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>4 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in (143.5 cm) inch <a href="/wiki/Standard-gauge_railway" title="Standard-gauge railway">standard railroad track</a> gauge, meant that Model Ts could be and frequently were, fitted with flanged wheels and used as motorized <a href="/wiki/Draisine" title="Draisine">railway vehicles</a> or <a href="/wiki/Railroad_speeder" title="Railroad speeder">"speeders"</a>. The availability of a 60 in (152 cm) version meant the same could be done on the few remaining Southern 5 ft (152 cm) railways – these being the only nonstandard lines remaining, except for a few narrow-gauge lines of various sizes. Although a Model T could be adapted to run on track as narrow as 2 ft (61 cm) gauge (Wiscasset, Waterville and Farmington RR, Maine has one), this was a more complex alteration. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colors">Colors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Colors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1918, half of all the cars in the U.S. were Model Ts. In his autobiography, Ford reported that in 1909 he told his management team, "Any customer can have a car painted any color that he wants so long as it is black."<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, in the first years of production from 1908 to 1913, the Model T was <i>not</i> available in black,<sup id="cite_ref-McCalley_1994_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCalley_1994-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but rather only in gray, green, blue, and red. Green was available for the touring cars, town cars, coupes, and <a href="/wiki/Landaulet_(car)" title="Landaulet (car)">Landaulets</a>. Gray was available for the town cars only and red only for the touring cars. By 1912, all cars were being painted midnight blue with black fenders. Only in 1914 was the "any color so long as it is black" policy finally implemented. </p><p>It is often stated Ford suggested the use of black from 1914 to 1925 due to the low cost, durability, and faster drying time of black paint in that era. There is no evidence that black dried any faster than any other dark varnishes used at the time for painting,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but <a href="/wiki/Carbon_black" title="Carbon black">carbon black</a> pigment was indeed one of the cheapest (if not the cheapest) available, and dark color of <a href="/wiki/Gilsonite" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilsonite">gilsonite</a>, a form of bitumen making cheap metal paints of the time durable, limited the (final) color options to dark shades of maroon, blue, green or black.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that period Ford used two similar types of the so-called <a href="/wiki/Japan_black" title="Japan black">Japan black</a> paint, one as a basic coat applied directly to the metal and another as a final finish. </p><p>Paint choices in the American automotive industry, as well as in others (including locomotives, furniture, bicycles, and the rapidly expanding field of electrical appliances), were shaped by the development of the <a href="/wiki/Chemical_industry" title="Chemical industry">chemical industry</a>. These included the disruption of dye sources during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and the advent, by the mid-1920s, of new <a href="/wiki/Nitrocellulose_lacquer" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrocellulose lacquer">nitrocellulose lacquers</a> that were faster-drying and more scratch-resistant and obviated the need for multiple coats.<sup id="cite_ref-Dutton_1942_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dutton_1942-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 261–301">: 261–301 </span></sup> Understanding the choice of paints for the Model T era and the years immediately following requires an understanding of the contemporaneous chemical industry.<sup id="cite_ref-Dutton_1942_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dutton_1942-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the lifetime production of the Model T, over 30 types of black paint were used on various parts of the car.<sup id="cite_ref-McCalley_1994_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCalley_1994-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These were formulated to satisfy the different means of applying the paint to the various parts, and had distinct drying times, depending on the part, paint, and method of drying. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Body">Body</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Body"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 205.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 203.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1910Ford-T.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1910 Model T, photographed in Salt Lake City"><img alt="1910 Model T, photographed in Salt Lake City" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/1910Ford-T.jpg/305px-1910Ford-T.jpg" decoding="async" width="204" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/1910Ford-T.jpg/458px-1910Ford-T.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/1910Ford-T.jpg/610px-1910Ford-T.jpg 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="527" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1910 Model T, photographed in Salt Lake City</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 214.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 212.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_T_1917.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1917 Model T"><img alt="1917 Model T" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Ford_T_1917.jpg/319px-Ford_T_1917.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Ford_T_1917.jpg/478px-Ford_T_1917.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Ford_T_1917.jpg/638px-Ford_T_1917.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1917 Model T</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 232px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1915_Ford_Model_T_(01).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1915 Model T Speedster"><img alt="1915 Model T Speedster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/1915_Ford_Model_T_%2801%29.jpg/345px-1915_Ford_Model_T_%2801%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/1915_Ford_Model_T_%2801%29.jpg/518px-1915_Ford_Model_T_%2801%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/1915_Ford_Model_T_%2801%29.jpg/691px-1915_Ford_Model_T_%2801%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3573" data-file-height="2484" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1915 Model T Speedster</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 194px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 192px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1925.ford.model.t.arp.750pix.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1925 Ford "New Model" T Tudor sedan"><img alt="1925 Ford "New Model" T Tudor sedan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/1925.ford.model.t.arp.750pix.jpg/288px-1925.ford.model.t.arp.750pix.jpg" decoding="async" width="192" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/1925.ford.model.t.arp.750pix.jpg/432px-1925.ford.model.t.arp.750pix.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/1925.ford.model.t.arp.750pix.jpg/576px-1925.ford.model.t.arp.750pix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1925 Ford "New Model" T Tudor sedan</div> </li> </ul> <p>Although Ford classified the Model T with a single letter designation throughout its entire life and made no distinction by model years, enough significant changes to the body were made over the production life that the car may be classified into several style generations. The most immediately visible and identifiable changes were in the hood and cowl areas, although many other modifications were made to the vehicle. </p> <ul><li>1909–1914 – Characterized by a nearly straight, five-sided hood, with a flat top containing a center hinge and two side sloping sections containing the folding hinges. The firewall is flat from the windshield down with no distinct cowl. For these years, <a href="/wiki/Carbide_lamp" title="Carbide lamp">acetylene gas flame headlights</a> were used because the flame is resistant to wind and rain. Thick concave mirrors combined with magnifying lenses projected the acetylene flame light. The <a href="/wiki/Fuel_tank" title="Fuel tank">fuel tank</a> is placed under the front seat.</li> <li>1915–1916 – The hood design is nearly the same five-sided design with the only obvious change being the addition of louvers to the vertical sides. A significant change to the cowl area occurred with the windshield relocated significantly behind the firewall and joined with a compound-contoured cowl panel. In these years electric headlights replaced <a href="/wiki/Carbide_lamp" title="Carbide lamp">carbide</a> headlights.</li> <li>1917–1923 – The hood design was changed to a tapered design with a curved top. The folding hinges were now located at the joint between the flat sides and the curved top. This is sometimes referred to as the "low hood" to distinguish it from the later hoods. The back edge of the hood now met the front edge of the cowl panel so that no part of the flat firewall was visible outside of the hood. This design was used the longest and during the highest production years, accounting for about half of the total number of Model Ts built.</li> <li>1923–1925 – This change was made during the 1923 calendar year, so models built earlier in the year have the older design, while later vehicles have the newer design. The taper of the hood was increased and the rear section at the firewall is about an inch taller and several inches wider than the previous design. While this is a relatively minor change, the parts between the third and fourth generations are not interchangeable.</li> <li>1926–1927 – This design change made the greatest difference in the appearance of the car. The hood was again enlarged, with the cowl panel no longer a compound curve and blended much more with the line of the hood. The distance between the firewall and the windshield was also increased significantly. This style is sometimes referred to as the "high hood".</li></ul> <p>The styling on the last "generation" was a preview for the following Model A, but the two models are visually quite different, as the body on the A is much wider and has curved doors as opposed to the flat doors on the T. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diverse_applications">Diverse applications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Diverse applications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 194px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 192px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Model_T_tractor.png" class="mw-file-description" title="A Model T homemade tractor pulling a plow"><img alt="A Model T homemade tractor pulling a plow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Model_T_tractor.png/288px-Model_T_tractor.png" decoding="async" width="192" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Model_T_tractor.png/431px-Model_T_tractor.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Model_T_tractor.png/575px-Model_T_tractor.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="501" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Model T <a href="/wiki/Doodlebug_tractor" title="Doodlebug tractor">homemade tractor</a> pulling a plow</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 222px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 220px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pullford_auto-to-tractor_conversion_advert_1918.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Pullford auto-to-tractor conversion advertisement, 1918"><img alt="Pullford auto-to-tractor conversion advertisement, 1918" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Pullford_auto-to-tractor_conversion_advert_1918.png/330px-Pullford_auto-to-tractor_conversion_advert_1918.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Pullford_auto-to-tractor_conversion_advert_1918.png/495px-Pullford_auto-to-tractor_conversion_advert_1918.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Pullford_auto-to-tractor_conversion_advert_1918.png/661px-Pullford_auto-to-tractor_conversion_advert_1918.png 2x" data-file-width="1362" data-file-height="990" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pullford auto-to-tractor conversion advertisement, 1918</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford-American_LaFrance_1919_Model-T_firefighting_vehicle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The American LaFrance company modified more than 900 Ford Model Ts to serve firefighters."><img alt="The American LaFrance company modified more than 900 Ford Model Ts to serve firefighters." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Ford-American_LaFrance_1919_Model-T_firefighting_vehicle.jpg/320px-Ford-American_LaFrance_1919_Model-T_firefighting_vehicle.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Ford-American_LaFrance_1919_Model-T_firefighting_vehicle.jpg/480px-Ford-American_LaFrance_1919_Model-T_firefighting_vehicle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Ford-American_LaFrance_1919_Model-T_firefighting_vehicle.jpg/640px-Ford-American_LaFrance_1919_Model-T_firefighting_vehicle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The American LaFrance company modified more than 900 Ford Model Ts to serve firefighters.</div> </li> </ul> <p>When the Model T was designed and introduced, the infrastructure of the world was quite different from today's. Pavement was a rarity except for sidewalks and a few big-city streets. (The meaning of the term "pavement" as opposed to "sidewalk" comes from that era, when streets and roads were generally dirt and sidewalks were a paved way to walk along them.) Agriculture was the occupation of many people. <a href="/wiki/Power_tool" title="Power tool">Power tools</a> were scarce outside factories, as were power sources for them; electrification, like pavement, was found usually only in larger towns. <a href="/wiki/Rural_electrification" title="Rural electrification">Rural electrification</a> and motorized <a href="/wiki/Mechanization" title="Mechanization">mechanization</a> were embryonic in some regions and nonexistent in most. Henry Ford oversaw the requirements and design of the Model T based on contemporary realities. Consequently, the Model T was (intentionally) almost as much a tractor and <a href="/wiki/Portable_engine" title="Portable engine">portable engine</a> as it was an automobile. It has always been well regarded for its all-terrain abilities and ruggedness. It could travel a rocky, muddy farm lane, cross a shallow stream, climb a steep hill, and be parked on the other side to have one of its wheels removed and a pulley fastened to the hub for a <a href="/wiki/Flat_belt" class="mw-redirect" title="Flat belt">flat belt</a> to drive a <a href="/wiki/Bucksaw" title="Bucksaw">bucksaw</a>, <a href="/wiki/Threshing_machine" title="Threshing machine">thresher</a>, silo blower, conveyor for filling <a href="/wiki/Corn_crib" title="Corn crib">corn cribs</a> or haylofts, <a href="/wiki/Baler" title="Baler">baler</a>, water pump, electrical generator, and many other applications. One unique application of the Model T was shown in the October 1922 issue of <i>Fordson Farmer</i> magazine. It showed a minister who had transformed his Model T into a mobile church, complete with small organ.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During this era, entire automobiles (including thousands of Model Ts) were hacked apart by their owners and reconfigured into custom machinery permanently dedicated to a purpose, such as <a href="/wiki/Doodlebug_tractor" title="Doodlebug tractor">homemade tractors</a> and ice saws.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dozens of <a href="/wiki/Aftermarket_(automotive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aftermarket (automotive)">aftermarket</a> companies sold <a href="/wiki/Prefabrication" title="Prefabrication">prefab</a> kits to facilitate the T's conversion from car to tractor.<sup id="cite_ref-PrippsMorland1993p28_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PrippsMorland1993p28-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Model T had been around for a decade before the <a href="/wiki/Fordson_tractor" class="mw-redirect" title="Fordson tractor">Fordson tractor</a> became available (1917–18), and many Ts were converted for field use. (For example, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Ferguson" title="Harry Ferguson">Harry Ferguson</a>, later famous for his hitches and tractors, worked on Eros Model T tractor conversions before he worked with Fordsons and others.) During the next decade, Model T tractor conversion kits were harder to sell, as the Fordson and then the <a href="/wiki/Farmall" title="Farmall">Farmall</a> (1924), as well as other light and affordable tractors, served the farm market. But during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Depression</a> (1930s), Model T tractor conversion kits had a resurgence, because by then used Model Ts and junkyard parts for them were plentiful and cheap.<sup id="cite_ref-Leffingwell2002pp43-51_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leffingwell2002pp43-51-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like many popular car engines of the era, the Model T engine was also used on home-built aircraft (such as the <a href="/wiki/Pietenpol_Sky_Scout" title="Pietenpol Sky Scout">Pietenpol Sky Scout</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Motorboat" title="Motorboat">motorboats</a>. </p><p>An <a href="/wiki/Armored_car_(military)" title="Armored car (military)">armored-car</a> variant (called the "<a href="/wiki/Ford_FT-B" title="Ford FT-B">FT-B</a>") was developed in Poland in 1920 due to the high demand during the <a href="/wiki/Polish-Soviet_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish-Soviet war">Polish-Soviet war</a> in 1920. </p><p>Many Model Ts were converted into vehicles that could travel across heavy snows with kits on the rear wheels (sometimes with an extra pair of rear-mounted wheels and two sets of <a href="/wiki/Continuous_track" title="Continuous track">continuous track</a> to mount on the now-tandemed rear wheels, essentially making it a <a href="/wiki/Half-track" title="Half-track">half-track</a>) and skis replacing the front wheels. They were popular for rural mail delivery for a time. The common name for these conversions of cars and small trucks was "snowflyers". These vehicles were extremely popular in the northern reaches of Canada, where factories were set up to produce them.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of companies built Model T–based railcars.<sup id="cite_ref-mtfca_Model_T_railcar_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mtfca_Model_T_railcar-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Railway_Bazaar" title="The Great Railway Bazaar">The Great Railway Bazaar</a></i>, Paul Theroux mentions a rail journey in India on such a railcar. The <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Railways_Department" title="New Zealand Railways Department">New Zealand Railways Department</a>'s <a href="/wiki/NZR_RM_class_(Model_T_Ford)" title="NZR RM class (Model T Ford)">RM class</a> included a few. </p><p>The American LaFrance company modified more than 900 Model Ts for use in firefighting, adding tanks, hoses, tools and a bell.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Model T fire engines were in service in North America, Europe, and Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 1919 Model T equipped to fight chemical fires has been restored and is on display at the <a href="/wiki/North_Charleston_Fire_Museum" title="North Charleston Fire Museum">North Charleston Fire Museum</a> in South Carolina.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mass_production">Mass production</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Mass production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_assembly_line_-_1913.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ford_assembly_line_-_1913.jpg/220px-Ford_assembly_line_-_1913.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ford_assembly_line_-_1913.jpg/330px-Ford_assembly_line_-_1913.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ford_assembly_line_-_1913.jpg/440px-Ford_assembly_line_-_1913.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3916" data-file-height="2826" /></a><figcaption>Ford assembly line, 1913</figcaption></figure> <p>The knowledge and skills needed by a factory worker were reduced to 84 areas. When introduced, the T used the building methods typical at the time, assembly by hand, and production was small. The <a href="/wiki/Ford_Piquette_Avenue_Plant" title="Ford Piquette Avenue Plant">Ford Piquette Avenue Plant</a> could not keep up with demand for the Model T, and only 11 cars were built there during the first full month of production. More and more machines were used to reduce the complexity within the 84 defined areas. In 1910, after assembling nearly 12,000 Model Ts, Henry Ford moved the company to the new <a href="/wiki/Highland_Park_Ford_Plant" title="Highland Park Ford Plant">Highland Park complex</a>. During this time the Model T production system (<a href="/wiki/Vertical_integration" title="Vertical integration">including the</a> <a href="/wiki/Supply_chain" title="Supply chain">supply chain</a>) transitioned into an iconic example of assembly-line production.<sup id="cite_ref-hounshell-1984_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hounshell-1984-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Abernathy_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abernathy-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In subsequent decades it would also come to be viewed as the classic example of the rigid, first-generation version of assembly line production, as opposed to flexible mass production<sup id="cite_ref-hounshell-1984_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hounshell-1984-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of higher quality products.<sup id="cite_ref-Abernathy_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abernathy-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result, Ford's cars came off the line in three-minute intervals, much <a href="/wiki/Experience_curve_effects" title="Experience curve effects">faster than previous methods</a>, reducing production time from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027"><span class="frac">12<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> hours before to 93 minutes by 1914, while using less manpower.<sup id="cite_ref-Georgano1985_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Georgano1985-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1914, Ford produced more cars than all other automakers combined. The Model T was a great commercial success, and by the time Ford made its 10 millionth car, half of all cars in the world were Fords. It was so successful Ford did not purchase any advertising between 1917 and 1923; instead, the Model T became so famous, people considered it a norm. More than 15 million Model Ts were manufactured in all, reaching a rate of 9,000 to 10,000 cars a day in 1925, or 2 million annually,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> more than any other model of its day, at a price of just $260 ($4,517 today). Total Model T production was finally surpassed by the <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Beetle" title="Volkswagen Beetle">Volkswagen Beetle</a> on February 17, 1972, while the <a href="/wiki/Ford_F-Series" title="Ford F-Series">Ford F-Series</a> (itself directly descended from the Model T roadster pickup) has surpassed the Model T as Ford's all-time best-selling model. </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hbr.org/resources/images/article_assets/hbr/7409/74501_C.gif">Ford statistics, 1910-1931</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Henry Ford's ideological approach to Model T design was one of getting it right and then keeping it the same; he believed the Model T was all the car a person would, or could, ever need. As other companies offered comfort and styling advantages, at competitive prices, the Model T lost market share and became barely profitable.<sup id="cite_ref-Abernathy_67-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abernathy-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Design changes were not as few as the public perceived, but the idea of an unchanging model was kept intact. Eventually, on May 26, 1927, Ford Motor Company ceased US production<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nac_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nac-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and began the <a href="/wiki/Changeover" title="Changeover">changeovers</a> required to produce the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_A_(1927%E2%80%931931)" title="Ford Model A (1927–1931)">Model A</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the other Model T factories in the world continued for a short while,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the final Model T produced at the <a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork, Ireland</a> plant in December 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_T_engine" title="Ford Model T engine">Model T engines</a> continued to be produced until August 4, 1941. Almost 170,000 were built after car production stopped, as replacement engines were required to service the many existing vehicles. Racers and enthusiasts, forerunners of modern hot rodders, used the Model Ts' blocks to build popular and cheap racing engines, including Cragar, Navarro, and, famously, the <a href="/wiki/Frontenac_Motor_Corporation" title="Frontenac Motor Corporation">Frontenacs</a> ("Fronty Fords")<sup id="cite_ref-nac_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nac-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet" title="Chevrolet">Chevrolet</a> brothers, among many others. </p><p>The Model T employed some advanced technology, for example, its use of <a href="/wiki/Vanadium_steel" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanadium steel">vanadium steel</a> alloy. Its durability was phenomenal, and some Model Ts and their parts are in running order over a century later. Although Henry Ford resisted some kinds of change, he always championed the advancement of <a href="/wiki/Materials_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Materials engineering">materials engineering</a>, and often mechanical engineering and industrial engineering. </p><p>In 2002, Ford built a final batch of six Model Ts as part of their 2003 centenary celebrations. These cars were assembled from <a href="/wiki/New_old_stock" title="New old stock">remaining new components</a> and other parts produced from the original drawings. The last of the six was used for publicity purposes in the UK.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Although Ford no longer manufactures parts for the Model T, many parts are still manufactured through <a href="/wiki/Privately_held_company" title="Privately held company">private companies</a> as replicas to service the thousands of Model Ts still in operation today. </p><p>On May 26, 1927, Henry Ford and his son Edsel drove the 15-millionth Model T out of the factory.<sup id="cite_ref-15million_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15million-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This marked the famous automobile's official last day of production at the main factory. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Price_and_production">Price and production</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Price and production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Phoenix-Phoenix_Police_Museum-1919_Ford_Model_TPolice_Cruiser.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Phoenix-Phoenix_Police_Museum-1919_Ford_Model_TPolice_Cruiser.jpg/220px-Phoenix-Phoenix_Police_Museum-1919_Ford_Model_TPolice_Cruiser.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Phoenix-Phoenix_Police_Museum-1919_Ford_Model_TPolice_Cruiser.jpg/330px-Phoenix-Phoenix_Police_Museum-1919_Ford_Model_TPolice_Cruiser.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Phoenix-Phoenix_Police_Museum-1919_Ford_Model_TPolice_Cruiser.jpg/440px-Phoenix-Phoenix_Police_Museum-1919_Ford_Model_TPolice_Cruiser.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1792" data-file-height="1216" /></a><figcaption>1919 Ford Model<span class="nowrap"> </span>T Phoenix Police cruiser</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External image</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hbr.org/resources/images/article_assets/hbr/7409/74501_A.gif">Ford Model T price/volume curve, 1909–1923</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The moving assembly line system, which started on October 7, 1913, allowed Ford to reduce the price of his cars.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As he continued to fine-tune the system, Ford was able to keep reducing costs significantly.<sup id="cite_ref-imf_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imf-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As volume increased, he was able to also lower the prices due to some of the fixed costs being spread over a larger number of vehicles<sup id="cite_ref-Abernathy_67-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abernathy-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as large supply chain investments increased assets per vehicle. Other factors reduced the price such as material costs and design changes.<sup id="cite_ref-Abernathy_67-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abernathy-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Ford had market dominance in North America during the 1910s, other competitors reduced their prices to stay competitive, while offering features that were not available on the Model<span class="nowrap"> </span>T such as a wide choice of colors, body styles and interior appearance and choices, and competitors also benefited from the reduced costs of raw materials and infrastructure benefits to supply chain and ancillary manufacturing businesses. </p><p>In 1909, the cost of the Runabout started at <span style="white-space: nowrap">$825</span> (equivalent to $27,980 in 2023). By 1925 it had been lowered to <span style="white-space: nowrap">$260</span> (equivalent to $4,520 in 2023). </p><p>The figures below are US production numbers compiled by R. E. Houston, Ford Production Department, August 3, 1927. The figures between 1909 and 1920 are for Ford's fiscal year. From 1909 to 1913, the fiscal year was from October 1 to September 30 the following calendar year with the year number being the year in which it ended. For the 1914 fiscal year, the year was October 1, 1913, through July 31, 1914. Starting in August 1914, and through the end of the Model<span class="nowrap"> </span>T era, the fiscal year was August 1 through July 31. Beginning with January 1920, the figures are for the calendar year. </p> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Production</th> <th>Price for<br />Runabout</th> <th>Current<br />equivalent<br />cost</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1909</td> <td style="text-align:right;">10,666</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$825</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$27,977</td> <td>Touring car was $850. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1910</td> <td style="text-align:right;">19,050</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$900</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$29,430</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1911</td> <td style="text-align:right;">34,858</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$680</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$22,236</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1912</td> <td style="text-align:right;">68,733</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$590</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$18,628</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1913</td> <td style="text-align:right;">170,211</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$525</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$16,185</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1914</td> <td style="text-align:right;">202,667</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$440</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$13,384</td> <td>Fiscal year was only 10 months long due to change in end date from September 30 to July 31. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1915</td> <td style="text-align:right;">308,162</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$390</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$11,746</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1916</td> <td style="text-align:right;">501,462</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$345</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$9,660</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1917</td> <td style="text-align:right;">735,020</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$500</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$11,891</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1918</td> <td style="text-align:right;">664,076</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$500</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$10,128</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1919</td> <td style="text-align:right;">498,342</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$500</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$8,787</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1920</td> <td style="text-align:right;">941,042</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$395</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$6,008</td> <td>Production for fiscal year 1920, (August 1, 1919 through July 31, 1920). Price was $550 in March but dropped by September. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1920</td> <td style="text-align:right;">463,451</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$395</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$6,008</td> <td>Production for balance of calendar year, August 1 through December 31. Total '1920' production (17 months) = 1,404,493 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1921</td> <td style="text-align:right;">971,610</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$325</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$5,552</td> <td>Price was $370 in June but dropped by September. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1922</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,301,067</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$319</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$5,807</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1923</td> <td style="text-align:right;">2,011,125</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$364</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$6,509</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1924</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,922,048</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$265</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$4,711</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1925</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,911,705</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$260</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$4,517</td> <td>Touring car was $290. </td></tr> <tr> <td>1926</td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,554,465</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$360</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$6,196</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1927</td> <td style="text-align:right;">399,725</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$360</td> <td style="text-align:right;">$6,314</td> <td>Production ended before mid-year to allow retooling for the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_A_(1927%E2%80%9331)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford Model A (1927–31)">Model A</a>. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The above tally includes a total of 14,689,525 vehicles. Ford said the last Model<span class="nowrap"> </span>T was the 15 millionth vehicle produced.<sup id="cite_ref-15million_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15million-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recycling">Recycling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Recycling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Henry Ford used wood scraps from the production of Model Ts to make charcoal briquettes. Originally named Ford Charcoal, the name was changed to <a href="/wiki/Kingsford_(charcoal)" title="Kingsford (charcoal)">Kingsford Charcoal</a> after the Iron Mountain Ford Plant closed in 1951 and the Kingsford Chemical Company was formed and continued the wood distillation process. E. G. Kingsford, Ford's cousin by marriage, brokered the selection of the new sawmill and wood distillation plant site.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lumber for production of the Model T came from the same location, built-in 1920 called the Iron Mountain Ford which incorporated a sawmill where lumber from Ford purchased land in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan was cut and dried. Scrap wood was distilled at the Iron Mountain plant for its wood chemicals, including <a href="/wiki/Methanol" title="Methanol">methanol</a> (wood alcohol), with the end by-product being lump charcoal. This lump charcoal was modified and pressed into briquettes and mass-marketed by Ford.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronicle_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronicle-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_global_car">First global car</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: First global car"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 170.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 168.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_factory_LaBoca.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The first Ford assembly plant in La Boca, Buenos Aires, c. 1921"><img alt="The first Ford assembly plant in La Boca, Buenos Aires, c. 1921" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Ford_factory_LaBoca.jpg/253px-Ford_factory_LaBoca.jpg" decoding="async" width="169" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Ford_factory_LaBoca.jpg/379px-Ford_factory_LaBoca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Ford_factory_LaBoca.jpg/505px-Ford_factory_LaBoca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2057" data-file-height="1954" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The first Ford assembly plant in <a href="/wiki/La_Boca,_Buenos_Aires" class="mw-redirect" title="La Boca, Buenos Aires">La Boca, Buenos Aires</a>, c. 1921</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Feature._Model_T_Ford_BAnQ_P48S1P16620.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A 1923 Ford T in Canada, photographed in 1948"><img alt="A 1923 Ford T in Canada, photographed in 1948" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Feature._Model_T_Ford_BAnQ_P48S1P16620.jpg/320px-Feature._Model_T_Ford_BAnQ_P48S1P16620.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Feature._Model_T_Ford_BAnQ_P48S1P16620.jpg/479px-Feature._Model_T_Ford_BAnQ_P48S1P16620.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Feature._Model_T_Ford_BAnQ_P48S1P16620.jpg/639px-Feature._Model_T_Ford_BAnQ_P48S1P16620.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="721" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A 1923 Ford T in Canada, photographed in 1948</div> </li> </ul> <p>The Ford Model T was the first automobile built by various countries simultaneously, since they were being produced in <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company_of_Canada" title="Ford Motor Company of Canada">Walkerville</a>, Canada, and in <a href="/wiki/Trafford_Park" title="Trafford Park">Trafford Park</a>, Greater Manchester, England, starting in 1911 and were later assembled in <a href="/wiki/Ford_Germany" title="Ford Germany">Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company_of_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford Motor Company of Argentina">Argentina</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> France, Spain, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, as well as several locations throughout the US.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ford made use of the <a href="/wiki/Knock-down_kit" title="Knock-down kit">knock-down kit</a> concept almost from the beginning of the company as freight and production costs from Detroit had Ford assembling vehicles in major metropolitan centers of the US. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Aeroford" title="Aeroford">Aeroford</a> was an English automobile manufactured in <a href="/wiki/Bayswater" title="Bayswater">Bayswater</a>, London, from 1920 to 1925. It was a Model T with a distinct hood and grille to make it appear to be a totally different design, what later was called <a href="/wiki/Badge_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Badge engineering">badge engineering</a>. The Aeroford sold from £288 in 1920, dropping to £168–214 by 1925. It was available as a two-seater, four-seater, or <a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupé">coupé</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2011)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advertising_and_marketing">Advertising and marketing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Advertising and marketing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ford created a massive publicity machine in Detroit to ensure every newspaper carried stories and advertisements about the new product. Ford's network of local dealers made the car ubiquitous in virtually every city in North America. A large part of the success of Ford's Model T stems from the innovative strategy which introduced a large network of sales hubs making it easy to purchase the car.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As independent dealers, the franchisees grew rich and publicized not just the Ford but the very concept of automobiling; local motor clubs sprang up to help new drivers and to explore the countryside. Ford was always eager to sell to farmers, who looked on the vehicle as a commercial device to help their business. Sales skyrocketed – several years posted around 100 percent gains on the previous year. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="24_Hours_of_Le_Mans">24 Hours of Le Mans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: 24 Hours of Le Mans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Parisian Ford dealer <a href="/wiki/Charles_Montier" title="Charles Montier">Charles Montier</a> and his brother-in-law <a href="/wiki/Albert_Ouriou" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Ouriou">Albert Ouriou</a> entered a heavily modified version of the Model T (the "Montier Special") in the first three <a href="/wiki/24_Hours_of_Le_Mans" title="24 Hours of Le Mans">24 Hours of Le Mans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They finished 14th in the <a href="/wiki/1923_24_Hours_of_Le_Mans" title="1923 24 Hours of Le Mans">inaugural 1923 race</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Car_clubs">Car clubs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Car clubs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1919_Ford_Model_T_Pickup.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/1919_Ford_Model_T_Pickup.JPG/220px-1919_Ford_Model_T_Pickup.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/1919_Ford_Model_T_Pickup.JPG/330px-1919_Ford_Model_T_Pickup.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/1919_Ford_Model_T_Pickup.JPG/440px-1919_Ford_Model_T_Pickup.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2857" data-file-height="2263" /></a><figcaption>1919 Model T stakebed</figcaption></figure> <p>Today, four main clubs exist to support the preservation and restoration of these cars: the Model T Ford Club International,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Model T Ford Club of America<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the combined clubs of Australia. With many chapters of clubs around the world, the Model T Ford Club of Victoria<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has a membership with a considerable number of uniquely Australian cars. (Australia produced its own car bodies, and therefore many differences occurred between the Australian bodied tourers<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the US/Canadian cars.) In the UK, the Model T Ford Register of Great Britain celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2010. Many steel Model T parts are still manufactured today, and even <a href="/wiki/Glass-reinforced_plastic" class="mw-redirect" title="Glass-reinforced plastic">fiberglass</a> replicas of their distinctive bodies are produced, which are popular for <a href="/wiki/T-bucket" title="T-bucket">T-bucket</a> style <a href="/wiki/Hot_rod" title="Hot rod">hot rods</a> (as immortalized in the <a href="/wiki/Jan_and_Dean" title="Jan and Dean">Jan and Dean</a> <a href="/wiki/Surf_music" title="Surf music">surf music</a> song "Bucket T", which was later recorded by <a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a>).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In 1949, more than twenty years after the end of production, 200,000 Model Ts were registered in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESedgwick197250–51_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESedgwick197250–51-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, it was estimated that about 50,000 to 60,000 Ford Model Ts remain roadworthy.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerycaption">Model T chronology</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 241.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 239.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_Model_T_1909_Serial337_LFront_Lake_Mirror_Cassic_16Oct2010_(14854254936).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1909 touring (a very early example with two-pedal, two-lever control)"><img alt="1909 touring (a very early example with two-pedal, two-lever control)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ford_Model_T_1909_Serial337_LFront_Lake_Mirror_Cassic_16Oct2010_%2814854254936%29.jpg/359px-Ford_Model_T_1909_Serial337_LFront_Lake_Mirror_Cassic_16Oct2010_%2814854254936%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ford_Model_T_1909_Serial337_LFront_Lake_Mirror_Cassic_16Oct2010_%2814854254936%29.jpg/538px-Ford_Model_T_1909_Serial337_LFront_Lake_Mirror_Cassic_16Oct2010_%2814854254936%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Ford_Model_T_1909_Serial337_LFront_Lake_Mirror_Cassic_16Oct2010_%2814854254936%29.jpg/718px-Ford_Model_T_1909_Serial337_LFront_Lake_Mirror_Cassic_16Oct2010_%2814854254936%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="803" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1909 touring (a very early example with two-pedal, two-lever control)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1909_Ford_Model_T_Roadster_-_Donald_F_Yoder_-_Old_Car_Festival_2013_(9697385671).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1909 roadster"><img alt="1909 roadster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/1909_Ford_Model_T_Roadster_-_Donald_F_Yoder_-_Old_Car_Festival_2013_%289697385671%29.jpg/320px-1909_Ford_Model_T_Roadster_-_Donald_F_Yoder_-_Old_Car_Festival_2013_%289697385671%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/1909_Ford_Model_T_Roadster_-_Donald_F_Yoder_-_Old_Car_Festival_2013_%289697385671%29.jpg/480px-1909_Ford_Model_T_Roadster_-_Donald_F_Yoder_-_Old_Car_Festival_2013_%289697385671%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/1909_Ford_Model_T_Roadster_-_Donald_F_Yoder_-_Old_Car_Festival_2013_%289697385671%29.jpg/640px-1909_Ford_Model_T_Roadster_-_Donald_F_Yoder_-_Old_Car_Festival_2013_%289697385671%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1909 roadster</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Old_cars_in_Huron_County,_Ontario.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1909 Tourabout (like the touring, but without rear doors)"><img alt="1909 Tourabout (like the touring, but without rear doors)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Old_cars_in_Huron_County%2C_Ontario.jpg/320px-Old_cars_in_Huron_County%2C_Ontario.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Old_cars_in_Huron_County%2C_Ontario.jpg/480px-Old_cars_in_Huron_County%2C_Ontario.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Old_cars_in_Huron_County%2C_Ontario.jpg/640px-Old_cars_in_Huron_County%2C_Ontario.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3607" data-file-height="2707" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1909 Tourabout (like the touring, but without rear doors)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DSC04225_(44038630681).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1911 touring"><img alt="1911 touring" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/DSC04225_%2844038630681%29.jpg/360px-DSC04225_%2844038630681%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/DSC04225_%2844038630681%29.jpg/540px-DSC04225_%2844038630681%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/DSC04225_%2844038630681%29.jpg/720px-DSC04225_%2844038630681%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1911 touring</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1911_Ford_Model_T_Torpedo_Runabout_(18604642102).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1911 Torpedo Runabout"><img alt="1911 Torpedo Runabout" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/1911_Ford_Model_T_Torpedo_Runabout_%2818604642102%29.jpg/361px-1911_Ford_Model_T_Torpedo_Runabout_%2818604642102%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="241" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/1911_Ford_Model_T_Torpedo_Runabout_%2818604642102%29.jpg/541px-1911_Ford_Model_T_Torpedo_Runabout_%2818604642102%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/1911_Ford_Model_T_Torpedo_Runabout_%2818604642102%29.jpg/722px-1911_Ford_Model_T_Torpedo_Runabout_%2818604642102%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3056" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1911 Torpedo Runabout</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1911_Ford_Model_T_(12402527964).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1911 Open Runabout"><img alt="1911 Open Runabout" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/1911_Ford_Model_T_%2812402527964%29.jpg/295px-1911_Ford_Model_T_%2812402527964%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="197" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/1911_Ford_Model_T_%2812402527964%29.jpg/443px-1911_Ford_Model_T_%2812402527964%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/1911_Ford_Model_T_%2812402527964%29.jpg/590px-1911_Ford_Model_T_%2812402527964%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3156" data-file-height="2567" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1911 Open Runabout</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 214px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 212px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1912_Ford_T_Open_Touring_4_cylinder_24hp_pic1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="1912 touring"><img alt="1912 touring" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1912_Ford_T_Open_Touring_4_cylinder_24hp_pic1.JPG/318px-1912_Ford_T_Open_Touring_4_cylinder_24hp_pic1.JPG" decoding="async" width="212" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1912_Ford_T_Open_Touring_4_cylinder_24hp_pic1.JPG/478px-1912_Ford_T_Open_Touring_4_cylinder_24hp_pic1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/1912_Ford_T_Open_Touring_4_cylinder_24hp_pic1.JPG/637px-1912_Ford_T_Open_Touring_4_cylinder_24hp_pic1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4285" data-file-height="3231" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1912 touring</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 241.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 239.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_Model_T_1X7A7914.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1912 commercial roadster"><img alt="1912 commercial roadster" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ford_Model_T_1X7A7914.jpg/359px-Ford_Model_T_1X7A7914.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ford_Model_T_1X7A7914.jpg/539px-Ford_Model_T_1X7A7914.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Ford_Model_T_1X7A7914.jpg/719px-Ford_Model_T_1X7A7914.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5238" data-file-height="3500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1912 commercial roadster</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 286px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 284px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1912_Ford_Model_T_Torpedo_Runabout_(30908171700).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1912 Torpedo Runabout"><img alt="1912 Torpedo Runabout" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/1912_Ford_Model_T_Torpedo_Runabout_%2830908171700%29.jpg/426px-1912_Ford_Model_T_Torpedo_Runabout_%2830908171700%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="284" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/1912_Ford_Model_T_Torpedo_Runabout_%2830908171700%29.jpg/639px-1912_Ford_Model_T_Torpedo_Runabout_%2830908171700%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/1912_Ford_Model_T_Torpedo_Runabout_%2830908171700%29.jpg/852px-1912_Ford_Model_T_Torpedo_Runabout_%2830908171700%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="1840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1912 Torpedo Runabout</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:26th_Annual_New_London_to_New_Brighton_Antique_Car_Run_(7750062766).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1912 delivery car"><img alt="1912 delivery car" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/26th_Annual_New_London_to_New_Brighton_Antique_Car_Run_%287750062766%29.jpg/361px-26th_Annual_New_London_to_New_Brighton_Antique_Car_Run_%287750062766%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="241" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/26th_Annual_New_London_to_New_Brighton_Antique_Car_Run_%287750062766%29.jpg/541px-26th_Annual_New_London_to_New_Brighton_Antique_Car_Run_%287750062766%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/26th_Annual_New_London_to_New_Brighton_Antique_Car_Run_%287750062766%29.jpg/722px-26th_Annual_New_London_to_New_Brighton_Antique_Car_Run_%287750062766%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3056" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1912 delivery car</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_Model_T_3-door_Tourer_(1913).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1913 Touring"><img alt="1913 Touring" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ford_Model_T_3-door_Tourer_%281913%29.jpg/360px-Ford_Model_T_3-door_Tourer_%281913%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ford_Model_T_3-door_Tourer_%281913%29.jpg/540px-Ford_Model_T_3-door_Tourer_%281913%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Ford_Model_T_3-door_Tourer_%281913%29.jpg/720px-Ford_Model_T_3-door_Tourer_%281913%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1913 Touring</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_Model_T_Roadster.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1913 Runabout"><img alt="1913 Runabout" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Ford_Model_T_Roadster.jpg/320px-Ford_Model_T_Roadster.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Ford_Model_T_Roadster.jpg/480px-Ford_Model_T_Roadster.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Ford_Model_T_Roadster.jpg/640px-Ford_Model_T_Roadster.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1913 Runabout</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Take_a_ride_in_a_real_Model_T_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1914 touring"><img alt="1914 touring" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Take_a_ride_in_a_real_Model_T_-_panoramio.jpg/320px-Take_a_ride_in_a_real_Model_T_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Take_a_ride_in_a_real_Model_T_-_panoramio.jpg/480px-Take_a_ride_in_a_real_Model_T_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Take_a_ride_in_a_real_Model_T_-_panoramio.jpg/640px-Take_a_ride_in_a_real_Model_T_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1914 touring</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Corbridge_Classic_Car_Show_2013_(9231371881).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1914 Runabout"><img alt="1914 Runabout" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Corbridge_Classic_Car_Show_2013_%289231371881%29.jpg/361px-Corbridge_Classic_Car_Show_2013_%289231371881%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="241" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Corbridge_Classic_Car_Show_2013_%289231371881%29.jpg/542px-Corbridge_Classic_Car_Show_2013_%289231371881%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Corbridge_Classic_Car_Show_2013_%289231371881%29.jpg/722px-Corbridge_Classic_Car_Show_2013_%289231371881%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1914 Runabout</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1915_Ford_Model_T_Runabout.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1915 Runabout – curved cowl panel added"><img alt="1915 Runabout – curved cowl panel added" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/1915_Ford_Model_T_Runabout.jpg/360px-1915_Ford_Model_T_Runabout.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/1915_Ford_Model_T_Runabout.jpg/540px-1915_Ford_Model_T_Runabout.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/1915_Ford_Model_T_Runabout.jpg/719px-1915_Ford_Model_T_Runabout.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="534" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1915 Runabout – curved cowl panel added</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 186.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 184.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1916_Ford_Model_T_touring_car.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="1916 touring"><img alt="1916 touring" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/1916_Ford_Model_T_touring_car.JPG/277px-1916_Ford_Model_T_touring_car.JPG" decoding="async" width="185" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/1916_Ford_Model_T_touring_car.JPG/416px-1916_Ford_Model_T_touring_car.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/1916_Ford_Model_T_touring_car.JPG/555px-1916_Ford_Model_T_touring_car.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1713" data-file-height="1482" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1916 touring</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 264.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 262.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1917_Ford_Model_T_Runabout.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1917 Runabout – begin curved hood to match cowl panel"><img alt="1917 Runabout – begin curved hood to match cowl panel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/1917_Ford_Model_T_Runabout.jpg/394px-1917_Ford_Model_T_Runabout.jpg" decoding="async" width="263" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/1917_Ford_Model_T_Runabout.jpg/590px-1917_Ford_Model_T_Runabout.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/1917_Ford_Model_T_Runabout.jpg/787px-1917_Ford_Model_T_Runabout.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="488" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1917 Runabout – begin curved hood to match cowl panel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 214.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 212.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1919_Ford_Model_T_Runabout_GMR995.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1919 Runabout"><img alt="1919 Runabout" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/1919_Ford_Model_T_Runabout_GMR995.jpg/319px-1919_Ford_Model_T_Runabout_GMR995.jpg" decoding="async" width="213" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/1919_Ford_Model_T_Runabout_GMR995.jpg/479px-1919_Ford_Model_T_Runabout_GMR995.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/1919_Ford_Model_T_Runabout_GMR995.jpg/638px-1919_Ford_Model_T_Runabout_GMR995.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="602" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1919 Runabout</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 223.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 221.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1920_Ford_Model_T_Touring_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1920 touring"><img alt="1920 touring" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/1920_Ford_Model_T_Touring_3.jpg/332px-1920_Ford_Model_T_Touring_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/1920_Ford_Model_T_Touring_3.jpg/498px-1920_Ford_Model_T_Touring_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/1920_Ford_Model_T_Touring_3.jpg/663px-1920_Ford_Model_T_Touring_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="579" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1920 touring</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1921_Ford_Model_T.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1921 Ford Model T"><img alt="1921 Ford Model T" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/1921_Ford_Model_T.jpg/320px-1921_Ford_Model_T.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/1921_Ford_Model_T.jpg/480px-1921_Ford_Model_T.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/1921_Ford_Model_T.jpg/640px-1921_Ford_Model_T.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1921 Ford Model T</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 243.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 241.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1921_Ford_Model_T_Touring_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1921 touring"><img alt="1921 touring" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/1921_Ford_Model_T_Touring_2.jpg/362px-1921_Ford_Model_T_Touring_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="242" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/1921_Ford_Model_T_Touring_2.jpg/543px-1921_Ford_Model_T_Touring_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/1921_Ford_Model_T_Touring_2.jpg/723px-1921_Ford_Model_T_Touring_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="531" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1921 touring</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Vintage_Car_Museum_%26_Event_Center_May_2017_22_(1922_Ford_Model_T_Runabout).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1922 Runabout"><img alt="1922 Runabout" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Vintage_Car_Museum_%26_Event_Center_May_2017_22_%281922_Ford_Model_T_Runabout%29.jpg/360px-Vintage_Car_Museum_%26_Event_Center_May_2017_22_%281922_Ford_Model_T_Runabout%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Vintage_Car_Museum_%26_Event_Center_May_2017_22_%281922_Ford_Model_T_Runabout%29.jpg/540px-Vintage_Car_Museum_%26_Event_Center_May_2017_22_%281922_Ford_Model_T_Runabout%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Vintage_Car_Museum_%26_Event_Center_May_2017_22_%281922_Ford_Model_T_Runabout%29.jpg/720px-Vintage_Car_Museum_%26_Event_Center_May_2017_22_%281922_Ford_Model_T_Runabout%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1922 Runabout</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1922_Ford_Model_T_table_top_truck_(6712896055).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1922 flatbed truck"><img alt="1922 flatbed truck" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/1922_Ford_Model_T_table_top_truck_%286712896055%29.jpg/320px-1922_Ford_Model_T_table_top_truck_%286712896055%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/1922_Ford_Model_T_table_top_truck_%286712896055%29.jpg/480px-1922_Ford_Model_T_table_top_truck_%286712896055%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/1922_Ford_Model_T_table_top_truck_%286712896055%29.jpg/640px-1922_Ford_Model_T_table_top_truck_%286712896055%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1922 flatbed truck</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 242px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 240px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1923_Ford_Model_T_Depot_Hack.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1923 Ford Model T depot hack"><img alt="1923 Ford Model T depot hack" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/1923_Ford_Model_T_Depot_Hack.jpg/360px-1923_Ford_Model_T_Depot_Hack.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/1923_Ford_Model_T_Depot_Hack.jpg/540px-1923_Ford_Model_T_Depot_Hack.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/1923_Ford_Model_T_Depot_Hack.jpg/720px-1923_Ford_Model_T_Depot_Hack.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5171" data-file-height="3447" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1923 Ford Model T depot hack</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 240.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 238.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1923_Ford_Model_T_Runabout_AZW456.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1923 Runabout (early '23 model)"><img alt="1923 Runabout (early '23 model)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/1923_Ford_Model_T_Runabout_AZW456.jpg/358px-1923_Ford_Model_T_Runabout_AZW456.jpg" decoding="async" width="239" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/1923_Ford_Model_T_Runabout_AZW456.jpg/537px-1923_Ford_Model_T_Runabout_AZW456.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/1923_Ford_Model_T_Runabout_AZW456.jpg/715px-1923_Ford_Model_T_Runabout_AZW456.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="537" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1923 Runabout (early '23 model)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1924_Ford_Model_T_Touring_CX_894.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1924 touring – begin higher hood and slightly shorter cowl panel – late-1923 models were similar"><img alt="1924 touring – begin higher hood and slightly shorter cowl panel – late-1923 models were similar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/1924_Ford_Model_T_Touring_CX_894.jpg/327px-1924_Ford_Model_T_Touring_CX_894.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/1924_Ford_Model_T_Touring_CX_894.jpg/490px-1924_Ford_Model_T_Touring_CX_894.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/1924_Ford_Model_T_Touring_CX_894.jpg/653px-1924_Ford_Model_T_Touring_CX_894.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="588" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1924 touring – begin higher hood and slightly shorter cowl panel – late-1923 models were similar</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 220px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 218px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1924-1925_Ford_-_T_Roadster,_Coimbatore_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1924–1925 Runabout"><img alt="1924–1925 Runabout" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/1924-1925_Ford_-_T_Roadster%2C_Coimbatore_%282%29.jpg/327px-1924-1925_Ford_-_T_Roadster%2C_Coimbatore_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="218" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/1924-1925_Ford_-_T_Roadster%2C_Coimbatore_%282%29.jpg/491px-1924-1925_Ford_-_T_Roadster%2C_Coimbatore_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/1924-1925_Ford_-_T_Roadster%2C_Coimbatore_%282%29.jpg/654px-1924-1925_Ford_-_T_Roadster%2C_Coimbatore_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3180" data-file-height="2334" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1924–1925 Runabout</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1925_Ford_Model_T_touring.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1925 touring – with the balloon tires and split rims, optional extras of the period"><img alt="1925 touring – with the balloon tires and split rims, optional extras of the period" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/1925_Ford_Model_T_touring.jpg/320px-1925_Ford_Model_T_touring.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/1925_Ford_Model_T_touring.jpg/480px-1925_Ford_Model_T_touring.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/1925_Ford_Model_T_touring.jpg/640px-1925_Ford_Model_T_touring.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1925 touring – with the balloon tires and split rims, optional extras of the period</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 233.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 231.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1925_Ford_Model_T_Touring.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1925 touring"><img alt="1925 touring" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/1925_Ford_Model_T_Touring.jpg/347px-1925_Ford_Model_T_Touring.jpg" decoding="async" width="232" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/1925_Ford_Model_T_Touring.jpg/521px-1925_Ford_Model_T_Touring.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/1925_Ford_Model_T_Touring.jpg/695px-1925_Ford_Model_T_Touring.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="553" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1925 touring</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 296.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 294.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1926_Ford_Model_T_Runabout_ECH956.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1926 Runabout – begin higher hood and longer cowl panel"><img alt="1926 Runabout – begin higher hood and longer cowl panel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/1926_Ford_Model_T_Runabout_ECH956.jpg/442px-1926_Ford_Model_T_Runabout_ECH956.jpg" decoding="async" width="295" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/1926_Ford_Model_T_Runabout_ECH956.jpg/662px-1926_Ford_Model_T_Runabout_ECH956.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/1926_Ford_Model_T_Runabout_ECH956.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="435" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1926 Runabout – begin higher hood and longer cowl panel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 229.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 227.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1927_Ford_Model_T_Runabout.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1927 Runabout"><img alt="1927 Runabout" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/1927_Ford_Model_T_Runabout.jpg/341px-1927_Ford_Model_T_Runabout.jpg" decoding="async" width="228" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/1927_Ford_Model_T_Runabout.jpg/511px-1927_Ford_Model_T_Runabout.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/1927_Ford_Model_T_Runabout.jpg/681px-1927_Ford_Model_T_Runabout.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="564" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1927 Runabout</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 286.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 284.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_Model_T_-_Serial_No._15,000,000,_Built_May_1927.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1927 touring – last Ford Model T built at Highland Park Ford Plant"><img alt="1927 touring – last Ford Model T built at Highland Park Ford Plant" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ford_Model_T_-_Serial_No._15%2C000%2C000%2C_Built_May_1927.jpg/427px-Ford_Model_T_-_Serial_No._15%2C000%2C000%2C_Built_May_1927.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ford_Model_T_-_Serial_No._15%2C000%2C000%2C_Built_May_1927.jpg/641px-Ford_Model_T_-_Serial_No._15%2C000%2C000%2C_Built_May_1927.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Ford_Model_T_-_Serial_No._15%2C000%2C000%2C_Built_May_1927.jpg/854px-Ford_Model_T_-_Serial_No._15%2C000%2C000%2C_Built_May_1927.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="2896" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1927 touring – last Ford Model T built at Highland Park Ford Plant</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 193.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1928_Model_A_Ford.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1928 Ford Model A Tudor sedan – shown for comparison, body is wider and has curved doors."><img alt="1928 Ford Model A Tudor sedan – shown for comparison, body is wider and has curved doors." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/1928_Model_A_Ford.jpg/290px-1928_Model_A_Ford.jpg" decoding="async" width="194" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/1928_Model_A_Ford.jpg/434px-1928_Model_A_Ford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/1928_Model_A_Ford.jpg/579px-1928_Model_A_Ford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1683" data-file-height="1395" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1928 Ford Model A Tudor sedan – shown for comparison, body is wider and has curved doors.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg/32px-Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg/48px-Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg/64px-Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="219" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cars" title="Portal:Cars">Cars portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lakeside_Foundry" title="Lakeside Foundry">Lakeside Foundry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NZR_RM_class_(Model_T_Ford)" title="NZR RM class (Model T Ford)">New Zealand RM class (Model T Ford)</a> – a 1925 experimental <a href="/wiki/Railcar" title="Railcar">railcar</a> based on a Model T powertrain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_J-3_Cub" title="Piper J-3 Cub">Piper J-3 Cub</a>, the 1930s/40s American light aircraft that developed a similar degree of ubiquity in <a href="/wiki/General_aviation" title="General aviation">general aviation</a> circles to the Model T</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Assembly-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Assembly_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Assembly_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Assembly_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStrohl" class="citation web cs1">Strohl, Daniel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hemmings.com/stories/2018/12/13/the-houses-that-t-built-and-that-built-the-t-tracking-down-the-assembly-plants-of-fords-first-distributed-production-effort">"The houses that T built (and that built the T): Tracking down the assembly plants of Ford's first distributed production effort"</a>. American City Business Journals<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+houses+that+T+built+%28and+that+built+the+T%29%3A+Tracking+down+the+assembly+plants+of+Ford%27s+first+distributed+production+effort&rft.pub=American+City+Business+Journals&rft.aulast=Strohl&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hemmings.com%2Fstories%2F2018%2F12%2F13%2Fthe-houses-that-t-built-and-that-built-the-t-tracking-down-the-assembly-plants-of-fords-first-distributed-production-effort&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://askus.thehenryford.org/faq/140528">"Q. Do you have a timeline of Ford Motor Company Assembly Plants?"</a>. Archives & Library Staff @The Henry Ford<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Q.+Do+you+have+a+timeline+of+Ford+Motor+Company+Assembly+Plants%3F&rft.pub=Archives+%26+Library+Staff+%40The+Henry+Ford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faskus.thehenryford.org%2Ffaq%2F140528&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hemmings.com/stories/2018/12/13/the-houses-that-t-built-and-that-built-the-t-tracking-down-the-assembly-plants-of-fords-first-distributed-production-effort">"Ford Assembly Denver Colorado"</a>. <i>Hemmings Motor News</i>. American City Business Journals<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hemmings+Motor+News&rft.atitle=Ford+Assembly+Denver+Colorado&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hemmings.com%2Fstories%2F2018%2F12%2F13%2Fthe-houses-that-t-built-and-that-built-the-t-tracking-down-the-assembly-plants-of-fords-first-distributed-production-effort&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyer1998" class="citation news cs1">Boyer, Mike (May 10, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enquirer.com/editions/1998/05/10/ford10.html">"Ford motored into Cincinnati long ago"</a>. <i>The Cincinnati Enquirer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Cincinnati+Enquirer&rft.atitle=Ford+motored+into+Cincinnati+long+ago&rft.date=1998-05-10&rft.aulast=Boyer&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enquirer.com%2Feditions%2F1998%2F05%2F10%2Fford10.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://clevelandhistorical.org/items/show/269">"Ford Model T Plant"</a>. <i>Cleveland Historical</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cleveland+Historical&rft.atitle=Ford+Model+T+Plant&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclevelandhistorical.org%2Fitems%2Fshow%2F269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarbee2014" class="citation web cs1">Darbee, Jeff (July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140820193106/http://www.columbusmonthly.com/content/stories/2014/07/city-quotient-is-i-often-smell-vanilla-cookies-or-cake-downtown-am-i-just-hungry-or-is-that-for-real.html">"City Quotient: I often smell something like vanilla cookies or cake when walking Downtown. Am I just hungry, or is that for real?"</a>. <i>Columbus Monthly</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbusmonthly.com/content/stories/2014/07/city-quotient-is-i-often-smell-vanilla-cookies-or-cake-downtown-am-i-just-hungry-or-is-that-for-real.html">the original</a> on August 20, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Columbus+Monthly&rft.atitle=City+Quotient%3A+I+often+smell+something+like+vanilla+cookies+or+cake+when+walking+Downtown.+Am+I+just+hungry%2C+or+is+that+for+real%3F&rft.date=2014-07&rft.aulast=Darbee&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.columbusmonthly.com%2Fcontent%2Fstories%2F2014%2F07%2Fcity-quotient-is-i-often-smell-vanilla-cookies-or-cake-downtown-am-i-just-hungry-or-is-that-for-real.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRutledge" class="citation web cs1">Rutledge, Mile. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journal-news.com/events/did-you-know-henry-ford-manufacturing-plant-helped-grow-hamilton/IZMzV72HgdxZk6JrOyB6FO/">"Did you know: A Henry Ford manufacturing plant helped grow Hamilton"</a>. Journal-News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Did+you+know%3A+A+Henry+Ford+manufacturing+plant+helped+grow+Hamilton&rft.pub=Journal-News&rft.aulast=Rutledge&rft.aufirst=Mile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journal-news.com%2Fevents%2Fdid-you-know-henry-ford-manufacturing-plant-helped-grow-hamilton%2FIZMzV72HgdxZk6JrOyB6FO%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.motortexas.com/doc/ford-model-t-assembly-building-dallas">"Ford Model T Assembly Building"</a>. <i>MotorTexas</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MotorTexas&rft.atitle=Ford+Model+T+Assembly+Building&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.motortexas.com%2Fdoc%2Fford-model-t-assembly-building-dallas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hemmings.com/stories/2014/08/18/jacksonville-floridas-ford-plant-a-wistful-monument-of-the-great-depression">"Jacksonville, Florida's, Ford plant: A wistful monument of the Great Depression"</a>. American City Business Journals<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jacksonville%2C+Florida%27s%2C+Ford+plant%3A+A+wistful+monument+of+the+Great+Depression&rft.pub=American+City+Business+Journals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hemmings.com%2Fstories%2F2014%2F08%2F18%2Fjacksonville-floridas-ford-plant-a-wistful-monument-of-the-great-depression&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrohl" class="citation web cs1">Strohl, Daniel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hemmings.com/stories/2018/06/28/fords-new-orleans-assembly-plant-added-to-national-register-of-historic-places">"Ford's New Orleans assembly plant added to National Register of Historic Places"</a>. American City Business Journals<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 12,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ford%27s+New+Orleans+assembly+plant+added+to+National+Register+of+Historic+Places&rft.pub=American+City+Business+Journals&rft.aulast=Strohl&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hemmings.com%2Fstories%2F2018%2F06%2F28%2Ffords-new-orleans-assembly-plant-added-to-national-register-of-historic-places&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCherney2013" class="citation web cs1">Cherney, Bruce (March 14, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191215074024/https://www.winnipegrealestatenews.com/publications/real-estate-news/1797">"Ford of Canada plant — railway cars brought the parts that were assembled into complete vehicles"</a>. <i>Winnipeg Real Estate News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.winnipegrealestatenews.com/publications/real-estate-news/1797">the original</a> on December 15, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Winnipeg+Real+Estate+News&rft.atitle=Ford+of+Canada+plant+%E2%80%94+railway+cars+brought+the+parts+that+were+assembled+into+complete+vehicles&rft.date=2013-03-14&rft.aulast=Cherney&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.winnipegrealestatenews.com%2Fpublications%2Freal-estate-news%2F1797&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fordmotorhistory.com/factories/branch_system.php">"Ford's System of Branch Assembly Plants"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ford%27s+System+of+Branch+Assembly+Plants&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffordmotorhistory.com%2Ffactories%2Fbranch_system.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcía2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">García, Gerardo (June 24, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motorpasion.com.mx/industria/asi-fue-primera-fabrica-autos-mexico-era-ford-comenzo-1925">"29 fotos históricas para recordar a la primera fábrica de autos en México: producía 25 Ford Model T al día en 1925"</a> [29 historical photos to remember the first car factory in Mexico: it produced 25 Ford Model T per day in 1925]. <i>Motorpasión</i> (in Spanish). Mexico<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Motorpasi%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=29+fotos+hist%C3%B3ricas+para+recordar+a+la+primera+f%C3%A1brica+de+autos+en+M%C3%A9xico%3A+produc%C3%ADa+25+Ford+Model+T+al+d%C3%ADa+en+1925&rft.date=2020-06-24&rft.aulast=Garc%C3%ADa&rft.aufirst=Gerardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motorpasion.com.mx%2Findustria%2Fasi-fue-primera-fabrica-autos-mexico-era-ford-comenzo-1925&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooke2008" class="citation web cs1">Brooke, Lindsay (September 25, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.popularmechanics.com/cars/a3658/4284734/">"Top 10 Ford Model T Tech Innovations That Matter 100 Years Later"</a>. <i>Popular Mechanics</i>. US<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 12,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Popular+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Top+10+Ford+Model+T+Tech+Innovations+That+Matter+100+Years+Later&rft.date=2008-09-25&rft.aulast=Brooke&rft.aufirst=Lindsay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.popularmechanics.com%2Fcars%2Fa3658%2F4284734%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-carsized-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-carsized_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-carsized_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190822214408/https://www.carsized.com/en/ford/model-t/rd/1908/ford/model-t/rd/1908/s/a-z/ford/model-t/">"Ford Model T 1908–1927"</a>. <i>Carsized</i>. Switzerland. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.carsized.com/en/ford/model-t/rd/1908/ford/model-t/rd/1908/s/a-z/ford/model-t/">the original</a> on August 22, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carsized&rft.atitle=Ford+Model+T+1908%E2%80%931927&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.carsized.com%2Fen%2Fford%2Fmodel-t%2Frd%2F1908%2Fford%2Fmodel-t%2Frd%2F1908%2Fs%2Fa-z%2Fford%2Fmodel-t%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Steele_Gordon" title="John Steele Gordon">Gordon, John Steele</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080420194514/http://americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2007/1/2007_1_23.shtml">"10 Moments That Made American Business"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Heritage_(magazine)" title="American Heritage (magazine)">American Heritage</a></i>. No. February/March 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanheritage.com/articles/magazine/ah/2007/1/2007_1_23.shtml">the original</a> on April 20, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Heritage&rft.atitle=10+Moments+That+Made+American+Business&rft.issue=February%2FMarch+2007&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=John+Steele&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanheritage.com%2Farticles%2Fmagazine%2Fah%2F2007%2F1%2F2007_1_23.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/2002/09/01/1926-ford-model-t-sports-touring-car/810e313f-4370-44b7-bb76-3282f9de945e/">"1926 Ford Model T Sports Touring Car"</a>. <i>Washington Post</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=1926+Ford+Model+T+Sports+Touring+Car&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fbusiness%2F2002%2F09%2F01%2F1926-ford-model-t-sports-touring-car%2F810e313f-4370-44b7-bb76-3282f9de945e%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice2004" class="citation web cs1">Price, R. G. (January 29, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rationalrevolution.net/articles/division_of_labor.htm">"Division of Labor, Assembly Line Thought – The Paradox of Democratic Capitalism"</a>. RationalRevolution.net<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Division+of+Labor%2C+Assembly+Line+Thought+%E2%80%93+The+Paradox+of+Democratic+Capitalism&rft.pub=RationalRevolution.net&rft.date=2004-01-29&rft.aulast=Price&rft.aufirst=R.+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rationalrevolution.net%2Farticles%2Fdivision_of_labor.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inflation-US-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-inflation-US_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1634–1699: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44525121.pdf"><i>How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States%3A+Addenda+et+Corrigenda&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44525121.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span> 1700–1799: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCusker1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_J._McCusker" title="John J. McCusker">McCusker, J. J.</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.americanantiquarian.org/proceedings/44517778.pdf"><i>How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/American_Antiquarian_Society" title="American Antiquarian Society">American Antiquarian Society</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+Much+Is+That+in+Real+Money%3F+A+Historical+Price+Index+for+Use+as+a+Deflator+of+Money+Values+in+the+Economy+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=American+Antiquarian+Society&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=McCusker&rft.aufirst=J.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanantiquarian.org%2Fproceedings%2F44517778.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span> 1800–present: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFederal_Reserve_Bank_of_Minneapolis" class="citation web cs1">Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.minneapolisfed.org/about-us/monetary-policy/inflation-calculator/consumer-price-index-1800-">"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 29,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Consumer+Price+Index+%28estimate%29+1800%E2%80%93&rft.au=Federal+Reserve+Bank+of+Minneapolis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.minneapolisfed.org%2Fabout-us%2Fmonetary-policy%2Finflation-calculator%2Fconsumer-price-index-1800-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeaudreau1996" class="citation book cs1">Beaudreau, Bernard C. (1996). <i>Mass Production, the Stock Market Crash and the Great Depression</i>. New York, Lincoln, Shanghi: Authors Choice Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mass+Production%2C+the+Stock+Market+Crash+and+the+Great+Depression&rft.place=New+York%2C+Lincoln%2C+Shanghi&rft.pub=Authors+Choice+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Beaudreau&rft.aufirst=Bernard+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ceautoclassic-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ceautoclassic_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ceautoclassic_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ceautoclassic_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConwill2018" class="citation web cs1">Conwill, David (September 23, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hemmings.com/stories/article/jzsef-galamb">"József Galamb"</a>. US: Hemmings<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=J%C3%B3zsef+Galamb&rft.place=US&rft.pub=Hemmings&rft.date=2018-09-23&rft.aulast=Conwill&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hemmings.com%2Fstories%2Farticle%2Fjzsef-galamb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNegyesi2018" class="citation web cs1">Negyesi, Pal (October 24, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ceautoclassic.eu/the-110-year-old-ford-model-t-and-the-hungarians-who-made-it-a-success/">"The 110-year-old Ford Model T and the Hungarians who made it a success"</a>. <i>CE Auto Classic</i>. Austria<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CE+Auto+Classic&rft.atitle=The+110-year-old+Ford+Model+T+and+the+Hungarians+who+made+it+a+success&rft.date=2018-10-24&rft.aulast=Negyesi&rft.aufirst=Pal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fceautoclassic.eu%2Fthe-110-year-old-ford-model-t-and-the-hungarians-who-made-it-a-success%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenberg2019" class="citation web cs1">Rosenberg, Jennifer (January 3, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/nickname-tin-lizzie-3976121">"Why the Model T Is Called the Tin Lizzie"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+the+Model+T+Is+Called+the+Tin+Lizzie&rft.date=2019-01-03&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fnickname-tin-lizzie-3976121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCobb1999" class="citation news cs1">Cobb, James G. (December 24, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/24/automobiles/this-just-in-model-t-gets-award.html">"This Just In: Model T Gets Award"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=This+Just+In%3A+Model+T+Gets+Award&rft.date=1999-12-24&rft.aulast=Cobb&rft.aufirst=James+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F12%2F24%2Fautomobiles%2Fthis-just-in-model-t-gets-award.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFolkmann2011" class="citation journal cs1">Folkmann, Mads Nygaard (2011). "Encoding Symbolism: Immateriality and Possibility in Design". <i>Design and Culture</i>. <b>3</b> (1): 51–74. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2752%2F175470810X12863771378752">10.2752/175470810X12863771378752</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144223359">144223359</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Design+and+Culture&rft.atitle=Encoding+Symbolism%3A+Immateriality+and+Possibility+in+Design&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=51-74&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2752%2F175470810X12863771378752&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144223359%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Folkmann&rft.aufirst=Mads+Nygaard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://corporate.ford.com/articles/history/the-model-t.html">"The Model T"</a>. <i>Ford Motor Company</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ford+Motor+Company&rft.atitle=The+Model+T&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcorporate.ford.com%2Farticles%2Fhistory%2Fthe-model-t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/beetle-overtakes-model-t-as-worlds-best-selling-car">"Beetle overtakes Model T as world's best-selling car"</a>. <i>HISTORY</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 19,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HISTORY&rft.atitle=Beetle+overtakes+Model+T+as+world%27s+best-selling+car&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Fbeetle-overtakes-model-t-as-worlds-best-selling-car&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurcio2013" class="citation book cs1">Curcio, Vincent (2013). <i>Henry Ford</i>. New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195316926" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195316926"><bdi>978-0195316926</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+Ford&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0195316926&rft.aulast=Curcio&rft.aufirst=Vincent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130211154043/http://library.thinkquest.org/27629/chronicle/1908.html">"Chronicle of 1908"</a>. Library.thinkquest.org. 1908. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.thinkquest.org/27629/chronicle/1908.html">the original</a> on February 11, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 21,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chronicle+of+1908&rft.pub=Library.thinkquest.org&rft.date=1908&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.thinkquest.org%2F27629%2Fchronicle%2F1908.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15million-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-15million_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-15million_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-15million_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wiley.com/legacy/products/subject/business/forbes/ford.html">"Henry Ford and the Model T"</a>. John Wiley & Sons. 1996<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Henry+Ford+and+the+Model+T&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=1996&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wiley.com%2Flegacy%2Fproducts%2Fsubject%2Fbusiness%2Fforbes%2Fford.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRitzinger" class="citation web cs1">Ritzinger, André. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ritzsite.nl/FORD_1/05_eford.htm">"Early Ford-models from the years 1903–1908"</a>. p. 5<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Early+Ford-models+from+the+years+1903%E2%80%931908&rft.pages=5&rft.aulast=Ritzinger&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ritzsite.nl%2FFORD_1%2F05_eford.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hounshell-1984-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hounshell-1984_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hounshell-1984_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hounshell-1984_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHounshell1984" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/David_A._Hounshell" title="David A. Hounshell">Hounshell, David A.</a> (1984), <i>From the American System to Mass Production, 1800–1932: The Development of Manufacturing Technology in the United States</i>, Baltimore, Maryland: <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-2975-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-2975-8"><bdi>978-0-8018-2975-8</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/83016269">83016269</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1104810110">1104810110</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+American+System+to+Mass+Production%2C+1800%E2%80%931932%3A+The+Development+of+Manufacturing+Technology+in+the+United+States&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1104810110&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F83016269&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-2975-8&rft.aulast=Hounshell&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFordCrowther1922">Ford & Crowther 1922</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDomm2009" class="citation book cs1">Domm, Robert W. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HQdTa9ZXlVAC&q=Ransom+Olds+and+assembly+line&pg=PA29"><i>Michigan Yesterday & Today</i></a>. Minneapolis: Voyageur Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781616731380" title="Special:BookSources/9781616731380"><bdi>9781616731380</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Michigan+Yesterday+%26+Today&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=Voyageur+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9781616731380&rft.aulast=Domm&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHQdTa9ZXlVAC%26q%3DRansom%2BOlds%2Band%2Bassembly%2Bline%26pg%3DPA29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110711020343/http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=28540">"University students compete to create 21st century Model T"</a>. Ford. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.ford.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=28540">the original</a> on July 11, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 17,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+students+compete+to+create+21st+century+Model+T&rft.pub=Ford&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.ford.com%2Farticle_display.cfm%3Farticle_id%3D28540&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120905150814/http://www.fadaweb.com/news_details.asp?id=n24705">"History Lesson: Hungary Celebrates the Ford Model T"</a>. India: <a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Automobile_Dealers_Associations_of_India" title="Federation of Automobile Dealers Associations of India">Federation of Automobile Dealers Associations of India</a>. February 27, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fadaweb.com/news_details.asp?id=n24705">the original</a> on September 5, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+Lesson%3A+Hungary+Celebrates+the+Ford+Model+T.&rft.place=India&rft.pub=Federation+of+Automobile+Dealers+Associations+of+India&rft.date=2006-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fadaweb.com%2Fnews_details.asp%3Fid%3Dn24705&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWik1972">Wik 1972</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Clymer1950p100-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clymer1950p100_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClymer1950">Clymer 1950</a>, p. 100</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ultimatespecs.com/car-specs/Ford/20867/Ford-Model-T-.html">"Ford Model T Specs"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ford+Model+T+Specs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ultimatespecs.com%2Fcar-specs%2FFord%2F20867%2FFord-Model-T-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MediaFordCom-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MediaFordCom_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928165026/https://media.ford.com/content/fordmedia/fna/us/en/news/2013/08/05/model-t-facts.html">"Model T Facts"</a>. Ford. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://media.ford.com/content/fordmedia/fna/us/en/news/2013/08/05/model-t-facts.html">the original</a> on September 28, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Model+T+Facts&rft.pub=Ford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedia.ford.com%2Fcontent%2Ffordmedia%2Ffna%2Fus%2Fen%2Fnews%2F2013%2F08%2F05%2Fmodel-t-facts.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStrohl" class="citation web cs1">Strohl, Daniel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hemmings.com/stories/fact-check-henry-ford-didnt-design-the-model-t-as-a-multi-fuel-vehicle/">"Fact Check: Henry Ford didn't design the Model T as a multi-fuel vehicle"</a>. <i>HEMMINGS.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HEMMINGS.com&rft.atitle=Fact+Check%3A+Henry+Ford+didn%27t+design+the+Model+T+as+a+multi-fuel+vehicle&rft.aulast=Strohl&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hemmings.com%2Fstories%2Ffact-check-henry-ford-didnt-design-the-model-t-as-a-multi-fuel-vehicle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnglish2008" class="citation news cs1">English, Andrew (July 25, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120529160308/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/main.jhtml?xml=/motoring/2008/07/25/mnmodel125.xml">"Ford Model T reaches 100"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/motoring/main.jhtml?xml=/motoring/2008/07/25/mnmodel125.xml">the original</a> on May 29, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Ford+Model+T+reaches+100&rft.date=2008-07-25&rft.aulast=English&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fmotoring%2Fmain.jhtml%3Fxml%3D%2Fmotoring%2F2008%2F07%2F25%2Fmnmodel125.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAddison" class="citation web cs1">Addison, Keith. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journeytoforever.org/ethanol.html#ethintro">"Ethanol fuel: Journey to Forever"</a>. <i>Journey to Forever</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Journey+to+Forever&rft.atitle=Ethanol+fuel%3A+Journey+to+Forever&rft.aulast=Addison&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjourneytoforever.org%2Fethanol.html%23ethintro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kimes1989p551-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kimes1989p551_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kimes1989p551_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKimesClark1989">Kimes & Clark (1989)</a>, p. 551.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.modelt.ca/history">"History of the Ford Motor Company – Fast Facts"</a>. <i>The Frontenac Motor Company & The Ford Model T</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Frontenac+Motor+Company+%26+The+Ford+Model+T&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Ford+Motor+Company+%E2%80%93+Fast+Facts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.modelt.ca%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manly1919p268-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Manly1919p268_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFManly1919">Manly 1919</a>, p. 268</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1">"Built Tough". <i>The Machines That Built The World: Snack Sized</i>. Season 1. December 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Machines+That+Built+The+World%3A+Snack+Sized&rft.series=Season+1&rft.date=2022-12-04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordmodelt.net/transmission.htm">"Ford Model T Transmission"</a>. <i>FordModelT.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 6,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FordModelT.net&rft.atitle=Ford+Model+T+Transmission&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fordmodelt.net%2Ftransmission.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPagé1917" class="citation book cs1">Pagé, Victor Wilfred (1917). <i>The Model T Ford Car, Its Construction, Operation and Repair: A Complete Practical Treatise Explaining the Operating Principles of All Parts of the Ford Automobile, with Complete Instructions for Driving and Maintenance</i>. Norman W. Henley Publishing Co. p. 241.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Model+T+Ford+Car%2C+Its+Construction%2C+Operation+and+Repair%3A+A+Complete+Practical+Treatise+Explaining+the+Operating+Principles+of+All+Parts+of+the+Ford+Automobile%2C+with+Complete+Instructions+for+Driving+and+Maintenance&rft.pages=241&rft.pub=Norman+W.+Henley+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1917&rft.aulast=Pag%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Victor+Wilfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auxiliary_transmissions_1921_fahnestock-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auxiliary_transmissions_1921_fahnestock_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auxiliary_transmissions_1921_fahnestock_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auxiliary_transmissions_1921_fahnestock_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFahnestock1921" class="citation cs2">Fahnestock, Murray (1921), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nwvs.org/Technical/MTFCA/Articles/1803ExtraTransmissions.pdf">"Multi-Speed Transmissions: Utility and Pleasure of Auxiliary Transmissions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Ford Owner and Dealer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2022</span> – via Vintage Ford (Model T Ford Club of America)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ford+Owner+and+Dealer&rft.atitle=Multi-Speed+Transmissions%3A+Utility+and+Pleasure+of+Auxiliary+Transmissions&rft.date=1921&rft.aulast=Fahnestock&rft.aufirst=Murray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nwvs.org%2FTechnical%2FMTFCA%2FArticles%2F1803ExtraTransmissions.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auxiliary_transmissions_ted_aschman-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auxiliary_transmissions_ted_aschman_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auxiliary_transmissions_ted_aschman_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auxiliary_transmissions_ted_aschman_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auxiliary_transmissions_ted_aschman_51-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auxiliary_transmissions_ted_aschman_51-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAschmanHoustonKlehfoth1991" class="citation cs2">Aschman, Ted; Houston, Fred; Klehfoth, Jay (March 1991), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nwvs.org/Technical/MTFCA/Articles/2602AuxilaryTransmissions2.pdf">"I Didn't Know That!: Auxiliary Model T Transmissions"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Vintage Ford</i>, Model T Ford Club of America<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 30,</span> 2022</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vintage+Ford&rft.atitle=I+Didn%27t+Know+That%21%3A+Auxiliary+Model+T+Transmissions&rft.date=1991-03&rft.aulast=Aschman&rft.aufirst=Ted&rft.au=Houston%2C+Fred&rft.au=Klehfoth%2C+Jay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nwvs.org%2FTechnical%2FMTFCA%2FArticles%2F2602AuxilaryTransmissions2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Model T Ford Service</i>. Ford.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Model+T+Ford+Service&rft.pub=Ford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFordCrowther1922">Ford & Crowther 1922</a>, p. 72.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCalley_1994-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McCalley_1994_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCalley_1994_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMcCalley1994">McCalley 1994</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasey2008" class="citation book cs1">Casey, Robert (2008). <i>The Model T: A Centennial History</i>. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801888502" title="Special:BookSources/9780801888502"><bdi>9780801888502</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Model+T%3A+A+Centennial+History&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780801888502&rft.aulast=Casey&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mtfca.com/encyclo/P-R.htm#paint4">"P-R"</a>. Mtfca.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 6,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=P-R&rft.pub=Mtfca.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmtfca.com%2Fencyclo%2FP-R.htm%23paint4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dutton_1942-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dutton_1942_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dutton_1942_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDutton1942">Dutton 1942</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasey2008" class="citation book cs1">Casey, Robert (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modeltcentennial0000case"><i>The Model T A Centennial History</i></a></span>. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/modeltcentennial0000case/page/148">148</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8850-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-8850-2"><bdi>978-0-8018-8850-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Model+T+A+Centennial+History&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=The+Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-8850-2&rft.aulast=Casey&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmodeltcentennial0000case&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200731165705/http://owlshead.org/collections/detail/1926-ford-t-ice-saw">"1926 Ford Model T Ice Saw"</a>. Owl's Head Transportation Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://owlshead.org/collections/detail/1926-ford-t-ice-saw">the original</a> on July 31, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1926+Ford+Model+T+Ice+Saw&rft.pub=Owl%27s+Head+Transportation+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fowlshead.org%2Fcollections%2Fdetail%2F1926-ford-t-ice-saw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span> Used for harvesting winter ice from ponds in <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PrippsMorland1993p28-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PrippsMorland1993p28_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPrippsMorland1993">Pripps & Morland 1993</a>, p. 28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leffingwell2002pp43-51-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Leffingwell2002pp43-51_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeffingwell2002">Leffingwell 2002</a>, pp. 43–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yt8DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA878">"Snowflyers Replace Dogs in Frozen North"</a>. <i>Popular Mechanics</i> (December): 878. 1934<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Popular+Mechanics&rft.atitle=Snowflyers+Replace+Dogs+in+Frozen+North&rft.issue=December&rft.pages=878&rft.date=1934&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dyt8DAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mtfca_Model_T_railcar-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mtfca_Model_T_railcar_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtfca.com/discus/messages/179374/185052.html?1296125299">"Model T Ford Forum: Forum 2011: Old Photo – Model T Rail Car"</a>. Model T Ford Club of America. 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Model+T+Ford+Forum%3A+Forum+2011%3A+Old+Photo+%E2%80%93+Model+T+Rail+Car&rft.pub=Model+T+Ford+Club+of+America&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtfca.com%2Fdiscus%2Fmessages%2F179374%2F185052.html%3F1296125299&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehenryford.org/collections-and-research/digital-collections/artifact/74384/">"1926 Ford Model T Fire Truck – The Henry Ford"</a>. <i>www.thehenryford.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thehenryford.org&rft.atitle=1926+Ford+Model+T+Fire+Truck+%E2%80%93+The+Henry+Ford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehenryford.org%2Fcollections-and-research%2Fdigital-collections%2Fartifact%2F74384%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKillen2008" class="citation book cs1">Killen, William D. (2008). <i>Firefighting with Henry's Model T</i> (1st ed.). Church Hill, TN: W.D. Killen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780615223032" title="Special:BookSources/9780615223032"><bdi>9780615223032</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/318191997">318191997</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Firefighting+with+Henry%27s+Model+T&rft.place=Church+Hill%2C+TN&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=W.D.+Killen&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F318191997&rft.isbn=9780615223032&rft.aulast=Killen&rft.aufirst=William+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northcharlestonfiremuseum.org/collection.html">"North Charleston Fire Museum"</a>. <i>www.northcharlestonfiremuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 19,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.northcharlestonfiremuseum.org&rft.atitle=North+Charleston+Fire+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northcharlestonfiremuseum.org%2Fcollection.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abernathy-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Abernathy_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abernathy_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abernathy_67-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abernathy_67-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abernathy_67-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbernathyWayne1974" class="citation journal cs1">Abernathy, William J.; Wayne, Kenneth (September 1, 1974). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hbr.org/1974/09/limits-of-the-learning-curve">"Limits of the Learning Curve"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Business_Review" title="Harvard Business Review">Harvard Business Review</a></i>. <q>Ford's objective was to reduce the price of the automobile and thereby increase volume and market share. <br /> "Ford's long devotion to the experience-curve strategy made the transition to another strategy difficult and very costly" (going from reducing Model T cost to increasing Model A price) "From the time it introduced the Model A, Ford was compelled to compete on the basis of product quality and performance — a strategy in which it was not skilled" <br /> The rate of capital investment showed substantial increases after 1913, rising from 11 cents per sales dollar that year to 22 cents by 1921. The new facilities that were built or acquired included blast furnaces, logging operations and saw mills, a railroad, weaving mills, coke ovens, a paper mill, a glass plant, and a cement plant. <br /> In its effort to keep reducing Model T costs while wages were rising, Ford continued to invest heavily in plant, property, and equipment. These facilities even included coal mines, rubber plantations, and forestry operations (to provide wooden car parts). By 1926, nearly 33 cents in such assets backed each dollar of sales, up from 20 cents just four years earlier, thereby increasing fixed costs and raising the break-even point.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Business+Review&rft.atitle=Limits+of+the+Learning+Curve&rft.date=1974-09-01&rft.aulast=Abernathy&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rft.au=Wayne%2C+Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhbr.org%2F1974%2F09%2Flimits-of-the-learning-curve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Georgano1985-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Georgano1985_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGeorgano1985">Georgano 1985</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSandler2003" class="citation book cs1">Sandler, Martin (2003). <i>Driving Around the USA: Automobiles in American Life</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Driving+Around+the+USA%3A+Automobiles+in+American+Life&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Sandler&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrinkley2003" class="citation book cs1">Brinkley, Douglas (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wheelsforworldhe00brin"><i>Wheels for the world: Henry Ford, his company, and a century of progress, 1903–2003</i></a></span>. Viking. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wheelsforworldhe00brin/page/475">475</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780670031818" title="Special:BookSources/9780670031818"><bdi>9780670031818</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wheels+for+the+world%3A+Henry+Ford%2C+his+company%2C+and+a+century+of+progress%2C+1903%E2%80%932003&rft.pages=475&rft.pub=Viking&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780670031818&rft.aulast=Brinkley&rft.aufirst=Douglas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwheelsforworldhe00brin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSorensenLewisWilliamson" class="citation book cs1">Sorensen, Charles E.; Lewis, David Lanier; Williamson, Samuel T. <i>My forty years with Ford</i>. Wayne State University Press. p. 4.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+forty+years+with+Ford&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.aulast=Sorensen&rft.aufirst=Charles+E.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+David+Lanier&rft.au=Williamson%2C+Samuel+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/last-day-of-model-t-production-at-ford">"Last day of Model T production at Ford"</a>. <a href="/wiki/History_(U.S._TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="History (U.S. TV channel)">History</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Last+day+of+Model+T+production+at+Ford&rft.pub=History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Flast-day-of-model-t-production-at-ford&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nac-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nac_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nac_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150315112906/http://www.modelt.ca/background.html">"The Model T Ford"</a>. Frontenac Motor Company. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.modelt.ca/background.html">the original</a> on March 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Model+T+Ford&rft.pub=Frontenac+Motor+Company&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.modelt.ca%2Fbackground.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.capecentralhigh.com/cape-photos/last-model-t-produced-in-1927">"Last Model T Produced in 1927"</a>. Cape Girardeau History and Photos. June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Last+Model+T+Produced+in+1927&rft.pub=Cape+Girardeau+History+and+Photos&rft.date=2011-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.capecentralhigh.com%2Fcape-photos%2Flast-model-t-produced-in-1927&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120710135903/http://info.detnews.com/history/story/index.cfm?id=189&category=business">"Michigan History"</a>. <i>Detroit News</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://info.detnews.com/history/story/index.cfm?id=189&category=business">the original</a> on July 10, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Detroit+News&rft.atitle=Michigan+History&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfo.detnews.com%2Fhistory%2Fstory%2Findex.cfm%3Fid%3D189%26category%3Dbusiness&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWagner2009" class="citation book cs1">Wagner, Michael F. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vbn.aau.dk/files/18846741/Domesticeringen_af_Ford_i_Danmark"><i>Domesticeringen af Ford i Danmark</i></a> [<i>The domestication of Ford in Denmark</i>]. Denmark: <a href="/wiki/Aalborg_University" title="Aalborg University">Aalborg University</a>. p. 14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2014</span>. <q>Model T production in Denmark stopped in August 1927 for factory recondition.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Domesticeringen+af+Ford+i+Danmark&rft.place=Denmark&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Aalborg+University&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=Michael+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvbn.aau.dk%2Ffiles%2F18846741%2FDomesticeringen_af_Ford_i_Danmark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://irishmodeltclub.ie/ford-the-cork-connection/#:~:text=The%20T%20began%20production%20in%201908%20and%20continued,at%20Cork%20continued%20on%20until%2031st%20December%201927.">"Ford – the Cork Connection"</a>. November 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ford+%E2%80%93+the+Cork+Connection&rft.date=2019-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firishmodeltclub.ie%2Fford-the-cork-connection%2F%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520T%2520began%2520production%2520in%25201908%2520and%2520continued%2Cat%2520Cork%2520continued%2520on%2520until%252031st%2520December%25201927.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131130021237/http://www.nydailynews.com/autos/ford-assembly-line-turns-100-changed-society-article-1.1478331">"Ford's Assembly Line Turns 100: How It Changed Manufacturing and Society"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">Daily News</a></i>. October 7, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nydailynews.com/autos/ford-assembly-line-turns-100-changed-society-article-1.1478331">the original</a> on November 30, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 27,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+News&rft.atitle=Ford%27s+Assembly+Line+Turns+100%3A+How+It+Changed+Manufacturing+and+Society&rft.date=2013-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fautos%2Fford-assembly-line-turns-100-changed-society-article-1.1478331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imf-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-imf_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCherifHasanovPande2017" class="citation web cs1">Cherif, Reda; Hasanov, Fuad; Pande, Aditya (May 22, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WP/Issues/2017/05/22/Riding-the-Energy-Transition-Oil-Beyond-2040-44932">"Riding the Energy Transition : Oil Beyond 2040"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. p. 13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 7,</span> 2017</span>. <q>Vehicle adoption is strongly associated with the ability to offer an affordable price. The large fall in prices in the early 1900s, thanks to the economies of scale and process innovations made by Ford, is closely matched by a rise in motor vehicle registrations.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Riding+the+Energy+Transition+%3A+Oil+Beyond+2040&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=International+Monetary+Fund&rft.date=2017-05-22&rft.aulast=Cherif&rft.aufirst=Reda&rft.au=Hasanov%2C+Fuad&rft.au=Pande%2C+Aditya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWP%2FIssues%2F2017%2F05%2F22%2FRiding-the-Energy-Transition-Oil-Beyond-2040-44932&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLewis1976">Lewis 1976</a>, pp. 41–59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kingsford.com/our-heritage/">"Our Heritage"</a>. Kingsford<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Our+Heritage&rft.pub=Kingsford&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kingsford.com%2Four-heritage%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chronicle-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chronicle_82-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForstrom2017" class="citation journal cs1">Forstrom, Guy (Summer 2017). "The Burning History of the Charcoal Briquette". <i>Historical Society of Michigan</i>. <b>40</b> (2): 13–15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historical+Society+of+Michigan&rft.atitle=The+Burning+History+of+the+Charcoal+Briquette&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=13-15&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Forstrom&rft.aufirst=Guy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121205133602/http://www.autohistoria.com.ar/Historias/Ford%20Historia.htm">"Historia de Ford en Argentina"</a> [History of Ford in Argentina] (in Spanish). Auto Historia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.autohistoria.com.ar/Historias/Ford%20Historia.htm">the original</a> on December 5, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historia+de+Ford+en+Argentina&rft.pub=Auto+Historia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.autohistoria.com.ar%2FHistorias%2FFord%2520Historia.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210518113244/http://www.autoatlantic.com/Sept08/Sept08_Ford-Model-T-is-100.html">"Celebrating the Ford Model T, only 100 years young!"</a>. <i>Auto Atlantic</i>. 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.autoatlantic.com/Sept08/Sept08_Ford-Model-T-is-100.html">the original</a> on May 18, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 24,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Auto+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Celebrating+the+Ford+Model+T%2C+only+100+years+young%21&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.autoatlantic.com%2FSept08%2FSept08_Ford-Model-T-is-100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">David Culshaw & Peter Horrobin: <i>The Complete Catalogue of British Cars 1895–1975</i>. Veloce Publishing plc. Dorchester (1999). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-874105-93-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-874105-93-6">1-874105-93-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpurring2015" class="citation book cs1">Spurring, Quentin (2015). <i>Le Mans 1923–29</i>. Yeovil: <a href="/wiki/Haynes_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Haynes Publishing">Haynes Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-91050-508-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-91050-508-3"><bdi>978-1-91050-508-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Le+Mans+1923%E2%80%9329&rft.place=Yeovil&rft.pub=Haynes+Publishing&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-91050-508-3&rft.aulast=Spurring&rft.aufirst=Quentin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.driverdb.com/drivers/charles-montier/">"Driver Database: Charles Montier"</a>. DriverDB.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Driver+Database%3A+Charles+Montier&rft.pub=DriverDB.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.driverdb.com%2Fdrivers%2Fcharles-montier%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://database.motorsportmagazine.com/database/races/1923-le-mans-24-hours">"1923 Le Mans 24 Hours | Motor Sport Magazine Database"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Motor_Sport_(magazine)" title="Motor Sport (magazine)">Motor Sport</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Motor+Sport&rft.atitle=1923+Le+Mans+24+Hours+%26%23124%3B+Motor+Sport+Magazine+Database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatabase.motorsportmagazine.com%2Fdatabase%2Fraces%2F1923-le-mans-24-hours&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.modelt.org/">"The Model T Ford Club International"</a>. Modelt.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Model+T+Ford+Club+International&rft.pub=Modelt.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.modelt.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtfca.com">"Model T Ford Club of America"</a>. Mtfca.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Model+T+Ford+Club+of+America&rft.pub=Mtfca.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtfca.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130604062202/http://www.modeltfordclubvic.org.au/">"Model T Ford Club of Victoria"</a>. Modeltfordclubvic.org.au. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.modeltfordclubvic.org.au">the original</a> on June 4, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Model+T+Ford+Club+of+Victoria&rft.pub=Modeltfordclubvic.org.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.modeltfordclubvic.org.au&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.modeltcentral.com/Model-T-Ford-Australian-tourers.html">"Model T Ford Australian Tourers"</a>. Model T Central<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 2,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Model+T+Ford+Australian+Tourers&rft.pub=Model+T+Central&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.modeltcentral.com%2FModel-T-Ford-Australian-tourers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESedgwick197250–51-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESedgwick197250–51_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSedgwick1972">Sedgwick 1972</a>, pp. 50–51.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrooke2008" class="citation book cs1">Brooke, Lindsay (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dvZjf-4qbeAC&pg=PA188"><i>Ford Model T: The Car that Put the World on Wheels</i></a>. MBI Publishing Company. p. 188. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780760327289" title="Special:BookSources/9780760327289"><bdi>9780760327289</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ford+Model+T%3A+The+Car+that+Put+the+World+on+Wheels&rft.pages=188&rft.pub=MBI+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780760327289&rft.aulast=Brooke&rft.aufirst=Lindsay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdvZjf-4qbeAC%26pg%3DPA188&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClymer1955" class="citation book cs1">Clymer, Floyd (1955). <i>Henry's wonderful Model T, 1908–1927</i>. New York, NY, U.S.: McGraw-Hill. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/55010405">55010405</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry%27s+wonderful+Model+T%2C+1908%E2%80%931927&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY%2C+U.S.&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1955&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F55010405&rft.aulast=Clymer&rft.aufirst=Floyd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClymer1950" class="citation book cs1">Clymer, Floyd (1950). <i>Treasury of Early American Automobiles, 1877–1925</i>. New York, NY, U.S.: McGraw-Hill. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/50010680">50010680</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Treasury+of+Early+American+Automobiles%2C+1877%E2%80%931925&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY%2C+U.S.&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill&rft.date=1950&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F50010680&rft.aulast=Clymer&rft.aufirst=Floyd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDutton1942" class="citation book cs1">Dutton, William S. (1942). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WEtZAAAAYAAJ"><i>Du Pont: One Hundred and Forty Years</i></a>. Charles Scribner's Sons. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/42011897">42011897</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Du+Pont%3A+One+Hundred+and+Forty+Years&rft.pub=Charles+Scribner%27s+Sons&rft.date=1942&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F42011897&rft.aulast=Dutton&rft.aufirst=William+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWEtZAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFordCrowther1922" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Ford, Henry</a>; <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Crowther_(journalist)" title="Samuel Crowther (journalist)">Crowther, Samuel</a> (1922), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/7213/pg7213.html"><i>My Life and Work</i></a>, Garden City, New York, USA: Garden City Publishing Company, Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Life+and+Work&rft.place=Garden+City%2C+New+York%2C+USA&rft.pub=Garden+City+Publishing+Company%2C+Inc&rft.date=1922&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.au=Crowther%2C+Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Fcache%2Fepub%2F7213%2Fpg7213.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span> Various republications, including <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781406500189" title="Special:BookSources/9781406500189">9781406500189</a>. Original is public domain in U.S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4K82efXzn10C&pg=PP13#v=onepage&f=false">Also available at Google Books</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorgano1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/G.N._Georgano" class="mw-redirect" title="G.N. Georgano">Georgano, G. N.</a> (1985). <i>Cars: Early and Vintage, 1886–1930</i>. London, UK: Grange-Universal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cars%3A+Early+and+Vintage%2C+1886%E2%80%931930&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Grange-Universal&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Georgano&rft.aufirst=G.+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHounshell1984" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/David_A._Hounshell" title="David A. Hounshell">Hounshell, David A.</a> (1984), <i>From the American System to Mass Production, 1800–1932: The Development of Manufacturing Technology in the United States</i>, Baltimore, Maryland: <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-2975-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8018-2975-8"><bdi>978-0-8018-2975-8</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/83016269">83016269</a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1104810110">1104810110</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+the+American+System+to+Mass+Production%2C+1800%E2%80%931932%3A+The+Development+of+Manufacturing+Technology+in+the+United+States&rft.place=Baltimore%2C+Maryland&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1104810110&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F83016269&rft.isbn=978-0-8018-2975-8&rft.aulast=Hounshell&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKimesClark1989" class="citation book cs1">Kimes, Beverly Rae; Clark, Henry Austin Jr. (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/standardcatalogo0000kime"><i>Standard Catalog of America Cars: 1805–1942</i></a> (2nd ed.). <a href="/wiki/Krause_Publications" title="Krause Publications">Krause Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780873411110" title="Special:BookSources/9780873411110"><bdi>9780873411110</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Standard+Catalog+of+America+Cars%3A+1805%E2%80%931942&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Krause+Publications&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9780873411110&rft.aulast=Kimes&rft.aufirst=Beverly+Rae&rft.au=Clark%2C+Henry+Austin+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstandardcatalogo0000kime&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLacey1986" class="citation book cs1">Lacey, Robert (1986). <i>Ford: The Men and the Machine</i>. Boston, MA, U.S.: Little, Brown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-316-51166-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-316-51166-7"><bdi>978-0-316-51166-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ford%3A+The+Men+and+the+Machine&rft.place=Boston%2C+MA%2C+U.S.&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-316-51166-7&rft.aulast=Lacey&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeffingwell2002" class="citation book cs1">Leffingwell, Randy (2002) [1998]. <i>Ford Tractors</i>. Borders. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-681-87878-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-681-87878-9"><bdi>0-681-87878-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ford+Tractors&rft.pub=Borders&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-681-87878-9&rft.aulast=Leffingwell&rft.aufirst=Randy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1976" class="citation book cs1">Lewis, David (1976). <i>The Public Image of Henry Ford: An American Folk Hero and His Company</i>. Detroit, MI, U.S.: Wayne State University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-1553-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-1553-8"><bdi>978-0-8143-1553-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Public+Image+of+Henry+Ford%3A+An+American+Folk+Hero+and+His+Company&rft.place=Detroit%2C+MI%2C+U.S.&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-8143-1553-8&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManly1919" class="citation book cs1">Manly, Harold P. (1919). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BR4xAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA268"><i>The Ford Motor Car and Truck; Fordson Tractor: Their Construction, Care and Operation</i></a>. Chicago, IL, US: Frederick J. Drake & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ford+Motor+Car+and+Truck%3B+Fordson+Tractor%3A+Their+Construction%2C+Care+and+Operation&rft.place=Chicago%2C+IL%2C+US&rft.pub=Frederick+J.+Drake+%26+Co&rft.date=1919&rft.aulast=Manly&rft.aufirst=Harold+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBR4xAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCalley1994" class="citation book cs1">McCalley, Bruce W. (1994). <i>Model T Ford: The Car That Changed the World</i>. Iola, WI, U.S.: <a href="/wiki/Krause_Publications" title="Krause Publications">Krause Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87341-293-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-87341-293-1"><bdi>0-87341-293-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Model+T+Ford%3A+The+Car+That+Changed+the+World&rft.place=Iola%2C+WI%2C+U.S.&rft.pub=Krause+Publications&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-87341-293-1&rft.aulast=McCalley&rft.aufirst=Bruce+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrippsMorland1993" class="citation book cs1">Pripps, Robert N.; Morland, Andrew (photographer) (1993). <i>Farmall Tractors: History of International McCormick-Deering Farmall Tractors</i>. Farm Tractor Color History Series. Osceola, WI, U.S.: MBI. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87938-763-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87938-763-1"><bdi>978-0-87938-763-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Farmall+Tractors%3A+History+of+International+McCormick-Deering+Farmall+Tractors&rft.place=Osceola%2C+WI%2C+U.S.&rft.series=Farm+Tractor+Color+History+Series&rft.pub=MBI&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-87938-763-1&rft.aulast=Pripps&rft.aufirst=Robert+N.&rft.au=Morland%2C+Andrew+%28photographer%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReynolds2009" class="citation book cs1">Reynolds, David (2009). <i>America, Empire of Liberty: A New History of the United States</i>. Basic Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84614-056-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84614-056-3"><bdi>978-1-84614-056-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America%2C+Empire+of+Liberty%3A+A+New+History+of+the+United+States&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84614-056-3&rft.aulast=Reynolds&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss1974" class="citation news cs1">Ross, Irwin (November 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gasenginemagazine.com/letters/fords-fabulous-flivver.aspx">"Ford's Fabulous Flivver"</a>. <i>Gas Engine Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gas+Engine+Magazine&rft.atitle=Ford%27s+Fabulous+Flivver&rft.date=1974-11&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Irwin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gasenginemagazine.com%2Fletters%2Ffords-fabulous-flivver.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSedgwick1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Michael_C._Sedgwick" title="Michael C. Sedgwick">Sedgwick, Michael</a> (1972) [1962]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/earlycars00mich"><i>Early Cars</i></a>. Octopus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7064-0058-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7064-0058-5"><bdi>0-7064-0058-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Early+Cars&rft.pub=Octopus+Books&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-7064-0058-5&rft.aulast=Sedgwick&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fearlycars00mich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWard1974" class="citation book cs1">Ward, Ian, ed. (1974). <i>The World of Automobiles</i>. Vol. 13. London, UK: Orbis.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+Automobiles&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Orbis&rft.date=1974&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWik1972" class="citation book cs1">Wik, Reynold M. (1972). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/henryfordgrassro0000wikr"><i>Henry Ford and grass-roots America</i></a></span>. Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.: University of Michigan Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-472-97200-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-472-97200-5"><bdi>978-0-472-97200-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+Ford+and+grass-roots+America&rft.place=Ann+Arbor%2C+MI%2C+U.S.&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-472-97200-5&rft.aulast=Wik&rft.aufirst=Reynold+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhenryfordgrassro0000wikr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFord+Model+T" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; white-space:nowrap; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ford_Model_T" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ford Model T">Ford Model T</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fordmodelt.net">FordModelT.net – Resource for Model T Owners and Enthusiasts</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtfca.com">Model T Ford Club of America (USA)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.modelt.org">Model T Ford Club International</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imcdb.org/vehicles_make-Ford_model-Model%2BT&sortBy=4.html">Ford Model T</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Movie_Cars_Database" title="Internet Movie Cars Database">Internet Movie Cars Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150928085718/http://oldrhinebeck.org/ORA/collection/ground-vehicles">First</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150929071410/http://oldrhinebeck.org/ORA/collection/ground-vehicles-2/">second</a> web pages of Old Rhinebeck Aerodrome's vintage vehicle collection, featuring five Model T-based vehicles</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Henry_Ford" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Henry_Ford" title="Template:Henry Ford"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Henry_Ford" title="Template talk:Henry Ford"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Henry_Ford" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Henry Ford"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Henry_Ford" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ford_Motor_Company" title="History of Ford Motor Company">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ford Model T</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dearborn_Independent" title="The Dearborn Independent">The Dearborn Independent</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Henry_ford_1919.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Henry Ford in 1919"><img alt="Henry Ford in 1919" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Henry_ford_1919.jpg/100px-Henry_ford_1919.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Henry_ford_1919.jpg/150px-Henry_ford_1919.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Henry_ford_1919.jpg/200px-Henry_ford_1919.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1744" data-file-height="2226" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Residences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Lane" title="Fair Lane">Fair Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edison_and_Ford_Winter_Estates" title="Edison and Ford Winter Estates">Edison and Ford Winter Estates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ford_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford family tree">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clara_Bryant_Ford" title="Clara Bryant Ford">Clara Bryant Ford</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edsel_Ford" title="Edsel Ford">Edsel Ford</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford_II" title="Henry Ford II">Henry Ford II</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Clay_Ford" title="Josephine Clay Ford">Josephine Clay Ford</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Clay_Ford_Sr." title="William Clay Ford Sr.">William Clay Ford Sr.</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edsel_Ford_II" title="Edsel Ford II">Edsel Ford II</a> (great-grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Ford" title="Alfred Ford">Alfred Ford</a> (great-grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheila_Ford_Hamp" title="Sheila Ford Hamp">Sheila Ford Hamp</a> (great-granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Clay_Ford_Jr." title="William Clay Ford Jr.">William Clay Ford Jr.</a> (great-grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Ford" title="Elena Ford">Elena Ford</a> (great-granddaughter)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fordism" title="Fordism">Fordism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_Entrepreneur_of_the_Century" title="Car Entrepreneur of the Century">Car Entrepreneur of the Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Henry_Ford" title="The Henry Ford">The Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Henry_Ford" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Henry Ford"><b>Commons</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikibooks page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Henry_Ford" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/Henry Ford"><b>Wikibooks</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikiquote page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Henry_Ford" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Henry Ford"><b>Wikiquote</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikisource page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Author:Henry_Ford" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/Author:Henry Ford"><b>Wikisource</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ford_Motor_Company_vehicle_timeline,_North_American_market,_1903–1942_—_next_»" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Early_Ford_cars" title="Template:Early Ford cars"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Early_Ford_cars" title="Template talk:Early Ford cars"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Early_Ford_cars" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Early Ford cars"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ford_Motor_Company_vehicle_timeline,_North_American_market,_1903–1942_—_next_»" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford Motor Company</a> vehicle timeline, North American market, 1903–1942 — <a href="/wiki/Template:Ford_North_America_timeline_1946_to_1979" title="Template:Ford North America timeline 1946 to 1979"><small>next</small> »</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td rowspan="2" width="12%"><b>Type</b> </td> <td colspan="7" width="15%">1900s </td> <td colspan="10" width="22%">1910s </td> <td colspan="10" width="22%">1920s </td> <td colspan="10" width="22%">1930s </td> <td colspan="3" width="22%">1940s </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"> <td width="2.2%">3</td> <td width="2.2%">4</td> <td width="2.2%">5</td> <td width="2.2%">6</td> <td width="2.2%">7</td> <td width="2.2%">8</td> <td width="2.2%">9 </td> <td width="2.2%">0</td> <td width="2.2%">1</td> <td width="2.2%">2</td> <td width="2.2%">3</td> <td width="2.2%">4</td> <td width="2.2%">5</td> <td width="2.2%">6</td> <td width="2.2%">7</td> <td width="2.2%">8</td> <td width="2.2%">9 </td> <td width="2.2%">0</td> <td width="2.2%">1</td> <td width="2.2%">2</td> <td width="2.2%">3</td> <td width="2.2%">4</td> <td width="2.2%">5</td> <td width="2.2%">6</td> <td width="2.2%">7</td> <td width="2.2%">8</td> <td width="2.2%">9 </td> <td width="2.2%">0</td> <td width="2.2%">1</td> <td width="2.2%">2</td> <td width="2.2%">3</td> <td width="1.5%">4</td> <td width="2.2%">5</td> <td width="2.2%">6</td> <td width="2.2%">7</td> <td width="2.2%">8</td> <td width="2.2%">9 </td> <td width="2.2%">0</td> <td width="2.2%">1</td> <td width="2.2%">2 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="1" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;">Chassis </td> <td colspan="6" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;">Various </td> <td colspan="19" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;">Model T </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;">Model A </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;">1932 Ford </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;">1935 Ford </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;">1937 Ford </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;">1941 Ford </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="3" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Runabout_(car)" title="Runabout (car)">Runabout</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_A_(1903%E2%80%9304)" title="Ford Model A (1903–04)">Model A</a> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_A_(1903%E2%80%9304)" title="Ford Model A (1903–04)">Model AC</a> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_C" title="Ford Model C">Model C</a> </td> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="3"> <p><br /> </p> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="5" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Touring_car" title="Touring car">Touring</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_B_(1904)" title="Ford Model B (1904)">Model B</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_F" title="Ford Model F">Model F</a> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_K" title="Ford Model K">Model K</a> </td> <td colspan="19" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Model T</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="3"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_N" title="Ford Model N">Model N</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_N" title="Ford Model N">Model R</a> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="4"> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_N" title="Ford Model N">Model S</a> </td> <td colspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Full-size_car" title="Full-size car">Full-size</a> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td> <td colspan="19" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Model T</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_A_(1927%E2%80%931931)" title="Ford Model A (1927–1931)">Model A</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/1932_Ford" title="1932 Ford">Model B</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/1932_Ford" title="1932 Ford">Model 18</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/1932_Ford" title="1932 Ford">Model 40</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_48" title="Ford Model 48">Model 48</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/1937_Ford" title="1937 Ford">Standard</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/1941_Ford" title="1941 Ford">Standard</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="6"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_48" title="Ford Model 48">Model 68</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/De_Luxe_Ford" title="De Luxe Ford">De Luxe</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/1941_Ford" title="1941 Ford">Deluxe</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0;"><a href="/wiki/Pickup_Truck" class="mw-redirect" title="Pickup Truck">Pickup Truck</a> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td colspan="10" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_TT" title="Ford Model TT">Model TT</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_AA" title="Ford Model AA">Model AA</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/1932_Ford" title="1932 Ford">Model BB</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_48" title="Ford Model 48">Model 48</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/1937_Ford" title="1937 Ford">Standard</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/1941_Ford" title="1941 Ford">Standard</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="5"> </td> <td colspan="3" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Model T</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_A_(1927%E2%80%931931)" title="Ford Model A (1927–1931)">Model A</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/1932_Ford" title="1932 Ford">Model B</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/1932_Ford" title="1932 Ford">Model 18</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/1932_Ford" title="1932 Ford">Model 40</a> </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="1" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_48" title="Ford Model 48">Model 68</a> </td> <td colspan="4" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/De_Luxe_Ford" title="De Luxe Ford">De Luxe</a> </td> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/1941_Ford" title="1941 Ford">Deluxe</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E0E0E0;"> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#F0F0F0"><a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">Bus</a> </td> <td colspan="7"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="10"> </td> <td colspan="8"> </td> <td colspan="5" style="background-color:#C0C0C0"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Transit_Bus" title="Ford Transit Bus">Transit Bus</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ford_vehicles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ford_vehicles" title="Template:Ford vehicles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ford_vehicles" title="Template talk:Ford vehicles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ford_vehicles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ford vehicles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ford_vehicles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ford_vehicles" title="List of Ford vehicles">vehicles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current<br />models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Cars</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Focus" title="Ford Focus">Focus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mondeo_(fifth_generation)" title="Ford Mondeo (fifth generation)">Mondeo/Taurus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mustang" title="Ford Mustang">Mustang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Pickup trucks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_F-Series" title="Ford F-Series">F-Series</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Super_Duty" title="Ford Super Duty">Super Duty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_F-150_Lightning" title="Ford F-150 Lightning">F-150 Lightning</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Maverick_(2022)" title="Ford Maverick (2022)">Maverick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Ranger_(T6)" title="Ford Ranger (T6)">Ranger</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Ranger_EV" title="Ford Ranger EV">Ranger EV</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">SUVs/crossovers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Bronco" title="Ford Bronco">Bronco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Bronco_Sport" title="Ford Bronco Sport">Bronco Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Capri_EV" title="Ford Capri EV">Capri EV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Edge#L" title="Ford Edge">Edge L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Equator" title="Ford Equator">Equator/Equator Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Escape" title="Ford Escape">Escape</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ford_Kuga" title="Ford Kuga">Kuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Everest" title="Ford Everest">Everest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Expedition" title="Ford Expedition">Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Explorer" title="Ford Explorer">Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Explorer_EV" title="Ford Explorer EV">Explorer EV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mondeo_Sport" title="Ford Mondeo Sport">Mondeo Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mustang_Mach-E" title="Ford Mustang Mach-E">Mustang Mach-E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Puma_(crossover)" title="Ford Puma (crossover)">Puma (crossover)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Territory_(China)" title="Ford Territory (China)">Territory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Vans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Transit" title="Ford Transit">Transit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Transit_Courier" title="Ford Transit Courier">Courier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Transit_Connect" title="Ford Transit Connect">Connect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Transit_Custom" title="Ford Transit Custom">Custom</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Commercial trucks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Cargo" title="Ford Cargo">Cargo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Super_Duty" title="Ford Super Duty">Super Duty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Super_Duty" title="Ford Super Duty">F-250/F-350/F-450/F-550/F-600</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_F-Series_(medium_duty_truck)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford F-Series (medium duty truck)">Medium Duty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_F-Series_(medium_duty_truck)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford F-Series (medium duty truck)">F-650/F-750</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_F-Max" title="Ford F-Max">F-Max</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">Other vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_E-Series" title="Ford E-Series">E-Series Cutaway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ford_logo_flat.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Ford_logo_flat.svg/85px-Ford_logo_flat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Ford_logo_flat.svg/128px-Ford_logo_flat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Ford_logo_flat.svg/170px-Ford_logo_flat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former<br />models<br /><i>(by date of<br />introduction)</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">1900s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_A_(1903%E2%80%9304)" title="Ford Model A (1903–04)">Model A/AC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_B_(1904)" title="Ford Model B (1904)">Model B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_C" title="Ford Model C">Model C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_F" title="Ford Model F">Model F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_K" title="Ford Model K">Model K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_N" title="Ford Model N">Model N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_N" title="Ford Model N">Model R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_N" title="Ford Model N">Model S</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Model T</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">1910s–1920s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_TT" title="Ford Model TT">Model TT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_A_(1927%E2%80%931931)" title="Ford Model A (1927–1931)">Model A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_AA" title="Ford Model AA">Model AA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1932_Ford" title="1932 Ford">Model B / BB trucks / Model 18 / Model 40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_Y" title="Ford Model Y">Model Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_K%C3%B6ln" title="Ford Köln">Köln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Rheinland" title="Ford Rheinland">Rheinland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_48" title="Ford Model 48">Model 48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_C_(Europe)" title="Ford Model C (Europe)">Model C (Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_C_Ten" title="Ford Model C Ten">Model C Ten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Eifel" title="Ford Eifel">Eifel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_CX" title="Ford CX">Model CX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_Ford" title="1937 Ford">1937 Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_7W" title="Ford 7W">Model 7W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_7Y" title="Ford 7Y">Model 7Y</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_E83W" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford E83W">E83W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Prefect" title="Ford Prefect">Prefect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Anglia" title="Ford Anglia">Anglia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1941_Ford" title="1941 Ford">1941 Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Vedette" title="Ford Vedette">Vedette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Pilot" title="Ford Pilot">Pilot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Ford" title="1949 Ford">1949 Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Custom" title="Ford Custom">Custom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_B_series" title="Ford B series">B-Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Transit_Bus" title="Ford Transit Bus">Transit Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_N-series_tractor" title="Ford N-series tractor">N-series tractor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1952_Ford" title="1952 Ford">1952 Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_Ford" title="1955 Ford">1955 Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Ford" title="1957 Ford">1957 Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Abeille" title="Ford Abeille">Abeille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_C_series" title="Ford C series">C-Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Com%C3%A8te" title="Ford Comète">Comète</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Consul" title="Ford Consul">Consul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_Trader" title="Thames Trader">Thames Trader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Country_Sedan" title="Ford Country Sedan">Country Sedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Country_Squire" title="Ford Country Squire">Country Squire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Courier#Other_Ford_models_using_the_Courier_name" title="Ford Courier">Courier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Crestline" title="Ford Crestline">Crestline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Del_Rio" title="Ford Del Rio"> Del Rio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edsel" title="Edsel">Edsel <i>(brand)</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairlane_(Americas)" title="Ford Fairlane (Americas)">Fairlane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_FK" title="Ford FK">FK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Galaxie" title="Ford Galaxie">Galaxie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mainline" title="Ford Mainline">Mainline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_NAA_tractor" title="Ford NAA tractor">NAA tractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Parklane" title="Ford Parklane">Parklane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Popular" title="Ford Popular">Popular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Ranchero" title="Ford Ranchero">Ranchero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Squire" title="Ford Squire">Squire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Taunus" title="Ford Taunus">Taunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird" title="Ford Thunderbird">Thunderbird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Vend%C3%B4me" title="Ford Vendôme">Vendôme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Versailles_(France)" title="Ford Versailles (France)">Versailles (France)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Zephyr" title="Ford Zephyr">Zephyr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_Ford" title="1960 Ford">1960 Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Capri" title="Ford Capri">Capri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Corcel" title="Ford Corcel">Corcel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Corsair" title="Ford Corsair">Corsair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Cortina" title="Ford Cortina">Cortina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_E-Series" title="Ford E-Series">E-Series/Econoline/Club Wagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Escort_(Europe)" title="Ford Escort (Europe)">Escort (Europe)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Escort_RS_Cosworth" title="Ford Escort RS Cosworth">Escort RS Cosworth</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairlane_(Australia)" title="Ford Fairlane (Australia)">Fairlane (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_P7" title="Ford P7">P7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelby_Mustang" title="Shelby Mustang">Ford Shelby Mustang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairlane_Thunderbolt" title="Ford Fairlane Thunderbolt">Fairlane Thunderbolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_D_series" title="Ford D series">D-Series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairmont_(Australia)" title="Ford Fairmont (Australia)">Fairmont (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Futura" title="Ford Futura">Futura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Falcon_(North_America)" title="Ford Falcon (North America)">Falcon (North America)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Falcon_(Argentina)" title="Ford Falcon (Argentina)">Falcon (Argentina)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Falcon_(Australia)" title="Ford Falcon (Australia)">Falcon (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_GT40" title="Ford GT40">GT40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_LTD_(Americas)" title="Ford LTD (Americas)">LTD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Torino" title="Ford Torino">Torino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Courier" title="Ford Courier">Courier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazda_Bongo" title="Mazda Bongo">Econovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazda_Bongo" title="Mazda Bongo">Econowagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Elite" title="Ford Elite">Elite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fairmont" title="Ford Fairmont">Fairmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fiesta" title="Ford Fiesta">Fiesta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Granada_(Europe)" title="Ford Granada (Europe)">Granada (Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Granada_(North_America)" title="Ford Granada (North America)">Granada (North America)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_L-Series" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford L-Series">L-Series Trucks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Landau" title="Ford Landau">Landau (Brazil)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Landau_(Australia)" title="Ford Landau (Australia)">Landau (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_LTD_II" title="Ford LTD II">LTD II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Maverick_(1970%E2%80%931977)" title="Ford Maverick (1970–1977)">Maverick (North America)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_P100" title="Ford P100">P100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Pinto" title="Ford Pinto">Pinto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Aerostar" title="Ford Aerostar">Aerostar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Bantam" title="Ford Bantam">Bantam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Bronco_II" title="Ford Bronco II">Bronco II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Del_Rey" title="Ford Del Rey">Del Rey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Durango" title="Ford Durango">Durango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Escort_(North_America)" title="Ford Escort (North America)">Escort (North America)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_EXP" title="Ford EXP">EXP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Festiva" title="Ford Festiva">Festiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Laser" title="Ford Laser">Laser/Lynx/Meteor/Tierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_LTD_Crown_Victoria" title="Ford LTD Crown Victoria">LTD Crown Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Orion" title="Ford Orion">Orion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Pampa" title="Ford Pampa">Pampa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Probe" title="Ford Probe">Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Capri_(Australia)" title="Ford Capri (Australia)">Capri (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suzuki_Carry" title="Suzuki Carry">Pronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_RS200" title="Ford RS200">RS200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazda_Titan" title="Mazda Titan">Trader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Scorpio" title="Ford Scorpio">Scorpio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Sierra" title="Ford Sierra">Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Telstar" title="Ford Telstar">Telstar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Taurus" title="Ford Taurus">Taurus (North America)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ford_Taurus_models" title="List of Ford Taurus models">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Tempo" title="Ford Tempo">Tempo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Verona" title="Ford Verona">Verona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Mondeo_(first_generation)" title="Ford Mondeo (first generation)">Contour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Cougar" title="Ford Cougar">Cougar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Crown_Victoria" title="Ford Crown Victoria">Crown Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Freda" title="Ford Freda">Freda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Galaxy" title="Ford Galaxy">Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Ka" title="Ford Ka">Ka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Puma_(coup%C3%A9)" title="Ford Puma (coupé)">Puma (coupé)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Royale" title="Ford Royale">Royale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Versailles" title="Ford Versailles">Versailles (Brazil)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Windstar" title="Ford Windstar">Windstar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_ZX2" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford ZX2">ZX2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mazda_Familia" title="Mazda Familia">Activa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_C-Max" title="Ford C-Max">C-Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_EcoSport" title="Ford EcoSport">EcoSport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Edge" title="Ford Edge">Edge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Excursion" title="Ford Excursion">Excursion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Explorer_Sport_Trac" title="Ford Explorer Sport Trac">Explorer Sport Trac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Five_Hundred" title="Ford Five Hundred">Five Hundred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Flex" title="Ford Flex">Flex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_GT" title="Ford GT">GT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_LCF" title="Ford LCF">LCF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Freestyle" title="Ford Freestyle">Freestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Focus_(second_generation,_North_America)" title="Ford Focus (second generation, North America)">Focus (North America)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fusion_(Americas)" title="Ford Fusion (Americas)">Fusion (Americas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Fusion_(Europe)" title="Ford Fusion (Europe)">Fusion (Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Ikon" title="Ford Ikon">Ikon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_i-Max" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford i-Max">i-Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Escape" title="Ford Escape">Maverick (Europe)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_S-Max" title="Ford S-Max">S-Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Ka" title="Ford Ka">Sportka/Streetka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Territory_(Australia)" title="Ford Territory (Australia)">Territory (Australia)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_B-Max" title="Ford B-Max">B-Max</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Escort_(China)" title="Ford Escort (China)">Escort (China)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Figo" title="Ford Figo">Figo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Taurus_(China)" title="Ford Taurus (China)">Taurus (China)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Military</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Willys_MB" title="Willys MB">GP/GPW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_GPA" title="Ford GPA">GPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_GTB" title="Ford GTB">GTB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1918_Ford_3-ton_tank" title="M1918 Ford 3-ton tank">M1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M8_Greyhound" title="M8 Greyhound">M8 Greyhound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M151_%C2%BC-ton_4%C3%974_utility_truck" title="M151 ¼-ton 4×4 utility truck">M151</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M656" title="M656">M656</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T17_Deerhound" title="T17 Deerhound">T17 Deerhound</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ford_concept_vehicles" title="Category:Ford concept vehicles">Concept vehicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mercury_vehicles" title="List of Mercury vehicles">Mercury (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lincoln_vehicles" title="List of Lincoln vehicles">Lincoln (list)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_police_vehicles" title="Ford police vehicles">Police vehicles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Crown_Victoria_Police_Interceptor" title="Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor">Crown Victoria Interceptor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ford_tractors" title="Category:Ford tractors">Tractors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ford_trucks" title="Category:Ford trucks">Trucks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ford_vehicles" title="Category:Ford vehicles">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ford_vehicles" title="List of Ford vehicles">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="US_military_soft-skinned_vehicles_of_World_War_I" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WWI_US_Soft_Vehicles" title="Template:WWI US Soft Vehicles"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WWI_US_Soft_Vehicles" title="Template talk:WWI US Soft Vehicles"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WWI_US_Soft_Vehicles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WWI US Soft Vehicles"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="US_military_soft-skinned_vehicles_of_World_War_I" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">US military <a href="/wiki/Soft-skinned_vehicle" title="Soft-skinned vehicle">soft-skinned vehicles</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">Cars</a> & <a href="/wiki/Truck" title="Truck">trucks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AEC_Y_Type" title="AEC Y Type">AEC Y Type</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ford Model T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FWD_Model_B" title="FWD Model B">FWD Model B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffery_Quad" title="Jeffery Quad">Jeffery Quad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_truck" title="Liberty truck">Liberty truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1918_light_repair_truck" title="M1918 light repair truck">M1918 light repair truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mack_AC" title="Mack AC">Mack AC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Militor_truck" title="Militor truck">Militor truck</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Artillery_tractor" title="Artillery tractor">Artillery tractors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holt_tractor" title="Holt tractor">Holt 75</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Military_vehicles_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Military vehicles of the United States">Military vehicles of the United States</a><br /><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_soft-skinned_vehicles_of_the_US_military" title="List of soft-skinned vehicles of the US military">List of soft-skinned vehicles of the US military</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="British_soft-skinned_vehicles_of_the_First_World_War" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WWI_British_Soft_Vehicles" title="Template:WWI British Soft Vehicles"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WWI_British_Soft_Vehicles" title="Template talk:WWI British Soft Vehicles"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WWI_British_Soft_Vehicles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WWI British Soft Vehicles"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="British_soft-skinned_vehicles_of_the_First_World_War" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">British <a href="/wiki/Soft-skinned_vehicle" title="Soft-skinned vehicle">soft-skinned vehicles</a> of the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">Cars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Truck" title="Truck">trucks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AEC_Y_Type" title="AEC Y Type">AEC Y Type</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ford Model T</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FWD_Model_B" title="FWD Model B">FWD Model B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mack_AC" title="Mack AC">Mack AC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunbeam_Motor_Car_Company#First_World_War" title="Sunbeam Motor Car Company">Sunbeam 12/16 & 16/20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thornycroft_J_Type" title="Thornycroft J Type">Thornycroft J Type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">Buses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGOC_B-type" title="LGOC B-type">LGOC B-type</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle">Motorcycles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triumph_Model_H" title="Triumph Model H">Triumph Model H</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Artillery_tractor" title="Artillery tractor">Artillery tractors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foster-Daimler_tractor" title="Foster-Daimler tractor">Foster-Daimler tractor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holt_tractor" title="Holt tractor">Holt 75</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_I_vehicles_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:World War I vehicles of the United Kingdom">World War I vehicles of the United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182323#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4398153-7">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&oldid=1259116470">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&oldid=1259116470</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1900s_cars" title="Category:1900s cars">1900s cars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1910s_cars" title="Category:1910s cars">1910s cars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1920s_cars" title="Category:1920s cars">1920s cars</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Brass_Era_vehicles" title="Category:Brass Era vehicles">Brass Era vehicles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cars_introduced_in_1908" title="Category:Cars introduced in 1908">Cars introduced in 1908</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Convertibles" title="Category:Convertibles">Convertibles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ford_vehicles" title="Category:Ford vehicles">Ford vehicles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Full-size_vehicles" title="Category:Full-size vehicles">Full-size vehicles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Detroit" title="Category:History of Detroit">History of Detroit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1908_establishments_in_the_United_States" title="Category:1908 establishments in the United States">1908 establishments in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Motor_vehicles_manufactured_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Motor vehicles manufactured in the United States">Motor vehicles manufactured in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pickup_trucks" title="Category:Pickup trucks">Pickup trucks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Front_mid-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_vehicles" title="Category:Front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive vehicles">Front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive vehicles</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es)" title="Category:CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)">CS1 Spanish-language sources (es)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_April_2024" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from April 2024">Articles with dead external links from April 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_October_2018" title="Category:Use mdy dates from October 2018">Use mdy dates from October 2018</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_February_2021" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from February 2021">Articles to be expanded from February 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_September_2017" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from September 2017">Articles needing additional references from September 2017</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_external_media_template_with_no_first_item" title="Category:Pages using the external media template with no first item">Pages using the external media template with no first item</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_September_2011" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2011">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2014" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2014">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2014</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 23 November 2024, at 13:11<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford_Model_T&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-694cf4987f-xhchj","wgBackendResponseTime":207,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.653","walltime":"1.962","ppvisitednodes":{"value":38432,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":324826,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":13257,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":26,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":15,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":434814,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1730.559 1 -total"," 25.46% 440.565 1 Template:Reflist"," 12.85% 222.294 31 Template:Cite_book"," 12.74% 220.406 25 Template:Inflation"," 11.27% 195.075 51 Template:Cite_web"," 6.53% 113.046 1 Template:Inflation-fn"," 6.30% 109.011 25 Template:Inflation/US"," 5.98% 103.547 50 Template:Inflation/US/dataset"," 5.64% 97.669 1 Template:Commons_category"," 5.57% 96.350 4 Template:Navbox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.848","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":12350629,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAbernathyWayne1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAddison\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAschmanHoustonKlehfoth1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeaudreau1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoyer1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrinkley2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrooke2008\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCasey2008\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFCherifHasanovPande2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCherney2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClymer1950\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClymer1955\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCobb1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFConwill2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCurcio2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDarbee2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDomm2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDutton1942\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEnglish2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFahnestock1921\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFolkmann2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFForstrom2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarcía2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGeorgano1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGordon\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKillen2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKimesClark1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLacey1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeffingwell2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFManly1919\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCalley1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNegyesi2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPagé1917\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrice2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPrippsMorland1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReynolds2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRitzinger\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenberg2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoss1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRutledge\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSandler2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSedgwick1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSorensenLewisWilliamson\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpurring2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStrohl\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFWagner2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWard1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWik1972\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 2,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 29,\n [\"Cite episode\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 4,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 7,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 50,\n [\"Clear\"] = 2,\n [\"Collapsible list\"] = 2,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 17,\n [\"Cvt\"] = 8,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 1,\n [\"Distinguish\"] = 1,\n [\"Early Ford cars\"] = 1,\n [\"Expand section\"] = 1,\n [\"External media\"] = 2,\n [\"Ford\"] = 1,\n [\"Ford1922\"] = 1,\n [\"Format price\"] = 1,\n [\"Frac\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 11,\n [\"Harvp\"] = 1,\n [\"Henry Ford\"] = 1,\n [\"Hounshell1984\"] = 2,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 1,\n [\"Imcdb vehicle\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation\"] = 23,\n [\"Inflation-fn\"] = 1,\n [\"Inflation-year\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox automobile\"] = 1,\n [\"Main article\"] = 1,\n [\"More citations needed section\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 6,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect2\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"US$\"] = 2,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"WWI British Soft Vehicles\"] = 1,\n [\"WWI US Soft Vehicles\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-6b7f745dd4-zlddl","timestamp":"20241125133758","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Ford Model T","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ford_Model_T","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q182323","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q182323","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-12-11T17:19:44Z","dateModified":"2024-11-23T13:11:36Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/12\/1925_Ford_Model_T_touring.jpg","headline":"American car (1908-1927)"}</script> </body> </html>