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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Shoreditch (parish)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. 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.ib-former-subdiv-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}</style><table class="infobox ib-former-subdiv vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Shoreditch<div class="ib-former-subdiv-native nickname">St Leonard</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold"> • 1881</span></th><td class="infobox-data">648 acres (2.62 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • 1901</span></th><td class="infobox-data">658 acres (2.66 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • 1961</span></th><td class="infobox-data">659 acres (2.67 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • 1881</span></th><td class="infobox-data">126,591</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • 1901</span></th><td class="infobox-data">118,637</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • 1961</span></th><td class="infobox-data">40,455</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Density</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • 1881</span></th><td class="infobox-data">195/acre</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • 1901</span></th><td class="infobox-data">180/acre</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • 1961</span></th><td class="infobox-data">61/acre</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">History</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • Origin</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Ancient parish</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • Abolished</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1965</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Coterminous with <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Shoreditch" title="Metropolitan Borough of Shoreditch">Metropolitan Borough of Shoreditch</a> from 1900<br />Replaced by <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hackney" title="London Borough of Hackney">London Borough of Hackney</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Civil_parishes_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil parishes in England">Civil parish</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data">Vestry of the Parish of Shoreditch (1855—1900)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold"> • <a href="/wiki/Administrative_centre" title="Administrative centre">HQ</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">Town Hall, Old Street</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shoreditch (St Leonard)</b> was an ancient <a href="/wiki/Parish" title="Parish">parish</a> in the county of <a href="/wiki/Middlesex" title="Middlesex">Middlesex</a>. It was both a <a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">civil parish</a>, used for administrative purposes, and an <a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastical_parish" class="mw-redirect" title="Ecclesiastical parish">ecclesiastical parish</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>. The parish church is <a href="/wiki/St_Leonard%27s,_Shoreditch" title="St Leonard's, Shoreditch">St Leonard's, Shoreditch</a>, often simply called "Shoreditch Church". </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Civil_parish">Civil parish</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shoreditch_Met._B_Ward_Map_1916.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Shoreditch_Met._B_Ward_Map_1916.svg/220px-Shoreditch_Met._B_Ward_Map_1916.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Shoreditch_Met._B_Ward_Map_1916.svg/330px-Shoreditch_Met._B_Ward_Map_1916.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Shoreditch_Met._B_Ward_Map_1916.svg/440px-Shoreditch_Met._B_Ward_Map_1916.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="932" /></a><figcaption>A map showing the wards of Shoreditch Metropolitan Borough as they appeared in 1916.</figcaption></figure> <p>The civil parish was within the <a href="/wiki/Ossulstone" title="Ossulstone">Ossulstone</a> hundred and, from the 17th century, the <a href="/wiki/Tower_division" class="mw-redirect" title="Tower division">Tower division</a>. It was entrusted with various administrative functions from the 17th century. The <a href="/wiki/Vestry" title="Vestry">vestry</a> also had responsibility for highways and burials. In 1855 the parish was included in the area of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Board_of_Works" title="Metropolitan Board of Works">Metropolitan Board of Works</a>, and the vestry elected two members of the board. </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Metropolis_Management_Act_1855" title="Metropolis Management Act 1855">Metropolis Management Act 1855</a> any parish that exceeded 2,000 <a href="/wiki/Rates_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Rates in the United Kingdom">ratepayers</a> was to be divided into wards; as such the incorporated vestry of St Leonard Shoreditch was divided into eight wards (electing <a href="/wiki/Vestrymen" class="mw-redirect" title="Vestrymen">vestrymen</a>): No. 1 or Moorfields (18), No. 2 or Church (21), No. 3 or Hoxton (21), No. 4 or Wenlock (18), No. 5 or Whitmore (12), No. 6 or Kingsland (12), No. 7 or Haggerstone (9) and No. 8 or Acton (9).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1889 the parish was included in the new <a href="/wiki/County_of_London" title="County of London">County of London</a>, and in 1899 the civil vestry were dissolved, and the parish became the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Shoreditch" title="Metropolitan Borough of Shoreditch">Metropolitan Borough of Shoreditch</a>. </p><p>The civil parish covered 648 acres (262 ha). The populations recorded in National Censuses were: </p><p><b>Shoreditch St Leonard's Vestry 1801–1899</b> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <td>1801</td> <td>1811</td> <td>1821</td> <td>1831</td> <td>1841</td> <td>1851</td> <td>1861</td> <td>1871</td> <td>1881</td> <td>1891</td> <td>1901 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Population</th> <th>34,766</th> <th>43,930</th> <th>52,966</th> <th>68,564</th> <th>83,432</th> <th>109,257</th> <th>129,364</th> <th>127,164</th> <th>126,591</th> <th>124,009</th> <th>118,668 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Poor_law">Poor law</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Leonard_-_Poor_relief_1863.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/St_Leonard_-_Poor_relief_1863.jpg/220px-St_Leonard_-_Poor_relief_1863.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/St_Leonard_-_Poor_relief_1863.jpg/330px-St_Leonard_-_Poor_relief_1863.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/St_Leonard_-_Poor_relief_1863.jpg/440px-St_Leonard_-_Poor_relief_1863.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The Hoxton Street façade of the former Shoreditch workhouse. The site stretches to Kingsland Road, where many of the buildings remain as Saint Leonard's hospital.</figcaption></figure> <p>The precursor of the Saint Leonard's workhouse was housed in several houses in Hoxton. In 1731, that site housed 84 inmates. Saint Leonard's new, three-story workhouse (with infirmary and apothecary) was opened in 1777, thanks to a levy tax passed by an <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Act of Parliament">Act of Parliament</a> in 1774. The Shoreditch Vestry built this workhouse on the Parish Poor Trustees' "Land of Promise," on <a href="/wiki/Kingsland_Road" title="Kingsland Road">Kingsland Road</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>St Leonard's parish circumvented the 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act, because it was administered under its own Act. In 1847, a sub-committee of Parliament found the conditions in the workhouse to be very poor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecclesiastical_parish">Ecclesiastical parish</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shoreditch_st_leonards_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Shoreditch_st_leonards_2.jpg/220px-Shoreditch_st_leonards_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Shoreditch_st_leonards_2.jpg/330px-Shoreditch_st_leonards_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Shoreditch_st_leonards_2.jpg/440px-Shoreditch_st_leonards_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>St Leonard's parish church. (January 2006)</figcaption></figure> <p>St Leonard's parish was within the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_London" title="Diocese of London">Diocese of London</a>. As the population increased the parish was divided:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>In 1830 the areas of <a href="/wiki/Haggerston" title="Haggerston">Haggerston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hoxton" title="Hoxton">Hoxton</a> were constituted as separate parishes.</li> <li>In 1841 a new parish of "St James, Curtain Road" was created.</li> <li>In 1848 part of Saint Leonard's parish helped to form the parish of "St Mark, Old Street".</li> <li>In 1862 St Leonard's parish was again divided to create the parish of "Shoreditch, St Michael".</li> <li>In 1866 a new parish of "Holy Trinity, Shoreditch" was formed from part of Saint Leonard's and part of neighbouring parish of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Bethnal_Green" title="Metropolitan Borough of Bethnal Green">Bethnal Green</a>.</li> <li>In 1872 the parish of "Shoreditch, St Agatha" was created from part of Saint James, Curtain Road.</li></ul> <p>Later decreases in population led to a number of these parishes being combined in the 20th century. For instance, in 1915 Saint Agatha's parish was absorbed by St James, and in 1972 a merged parish of "Shoreditch, St Leonard with St Michael" was formed. </p><p>The names of some of the ecclesiastical parishes were used to give names to wards of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Shoreditch" title="Metropolitan Borough of Shoreditch">Metropolitan Borough of Shoreditch</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/21802/page/3878"><i>The London Gazette Issue: 21802</i></a>. 20 October 1855. pp. 3878–3879<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+London+Gazette+Issue%3A+21802&rft.pages=3878-3879&rft.date=1855-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F21802%2Fpage%2F3878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoreditch+%28parish%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/maps/sheet/bc_reports_1885/Shoreditch_1885">"H.M.S.O. Boundary Commission Report 1885 Shoreditch Map"</a>. <i>Vision of Britain</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vision+of+Britain&rft.atitle=H.M.S.O.+Boundary+Commission+Report+1885+Shoreditch+Map&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visionofbritain.org.uk%2Fmaps%2Fsheet%2Fbc_reports_1885%2FShoreditch_1885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShoreditch+%28parish%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statistical Abstract for London, 1901 (Vol. IV)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.workhouses.org.uk/index.html?Shoreditch/Shoreditch.shtml"><i>St Leonard's, Shoreditch, London (Middlesex)</i></a> (Workhouses) accessed 20 January 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eolfhs.org.uk/parishmenu/shoreditch/index.html"><i>Shoreditch</i></a> (The East of London Family History Society) accessed 20 January 2010</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><i>Guide to the Local Administrative Units of England</i>, Vol.1, Frederic Youngs, London, 1979</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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href="/wiki/Strand_District_(Metropolis)" title="Strand District (Metropolis)">Strand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wandsworth_District_(Metropolis)" title="Wandsworth District (Metropolis)">Wandsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_St_Margaret_and_St_John" title="Westminster St Margaret and St John">Westminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitechapel_District_(Metropolis)" title="Whitechapel District (Metropolis)">Whitechapel</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spring_Gardens" title="Spring Gardens"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Metropolitan_Board_of_Works_in_Spring_Gardens_1860_ILN.jpg/175px-Metropolitan_Board_of_Works_in_Spring_Gardens_1860_ILN.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Metropolitan_Board_of_Works_in_Spring_Gardens_1860_ILN.jpg/263px-Metropolitan_Board_of_Works_in_Spring_Gardens_1860_ILN.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Metropolitan_Board_of_Works_in_Spring_Gardens_1860_ILN.jpg/350px-Metropolitan_Board_of_Works_in_Spring_Gardens_1860_ILN.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="441" /></a></span><br /><small>Headquarters at Spring Gardens</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_London_vestries_and_district_boards" title="List of London vestries and district boards">Incorporated vestries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Battersea" title="Metropolitan Borough of Battersea">Battersea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermondsey_(parish)" title="Bermondsey (parish)">Bermondsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Bethnal_Green" title="Metropolitan Borough of Bethnal Green">Bethnal Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Camberwell" title="Metropolitan Borough of Camberwell">Camberwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Chelsea" title="Metropolitan Borough of Chelsea">Chelsea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerkenwell_Vestry" title="Clerkenwell Vestry">Clerkenwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulham_(parish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulham (parish)">Fulham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_(parish)" title="Hackney (parish)">Hackney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Vestry" title="Hammersmith Vestry">Hammersmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampstead_(parish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hampstead (parish)">Hampstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islington_(parish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Islington (parish)">Islington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kensington_(parish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kensington (parish)">Kensington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Lambeth" title="Metropolitan Borough of Lambeth">Lambeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile_End_Old_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Mile End Old Town">Mile End Old Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newington,_London" title="Newington, London">Newington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Paddington" title="Metropolitan Borough of Paddington">Paddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumstead" title="Plumstead">Plumstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotherhithe_(parish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotherhithe (parish)">Rotherhithe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_George_Hanover_Square" title="St George Hanover Square">St George Hanover Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_George_in_the_East_(parish)" title="St George in the East (parish)">St George in the East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Luke%27s_Vestry" title="St Luke's Vestry">St Luke's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Martin-in-the-Fields_(parish)" class="mw-redirect" title="St Martin-in-the-Fields (parish)">St Martin-in-the-Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Marylebone_(parish)" class="mw-redirect" title="St Marylebone (parish)">St Marylebone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_St_Pancras" title="Metropolitan Borough of St Pancras">St Pancras</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shoreditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwark_St_George_the_Martyr" title="Southwark St George the Martyr">Southwark St George the Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke_Newington_(parish)" title="Stoke Newington (parish)">Stoke Newington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_St_Margaret_and_St_John" title="Westminster St Margaret and St John">Westminster St Margaret and St John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westminster_St_James" title="Westminster St James">Westminster St James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolwich_(parish)" title="Woolwich (parish)">Woolwich</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Undertakings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Buildings_Office" title="Metropolitan Buildings Office">Metropolitan Buildings Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Commission_of_Sewers" title="Metropolitan Commission of Sewers">Metropolitan Commission of Sewers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Fire_Brigade_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan Fire Brigade (London)">Metropolitan Fire Brigade</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charing_Cross_Road" title="Charing Cross Road">Charing Cross Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hammersmith_Bridge" title="Hammersmith Bridge">Hammersmith Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_sewer_system" title="London sewer system">London sewer system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumberland_Avenue" title="Northumberland Avenue">Northumberland Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putney_Bridge" title="Putney Bridge">Putney Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwark_Street" title="Southwark Street">Southwark Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaftesbury_Avenue" title="Shaftesbury Avenue">Shaftesbury Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thames_Embankment" title="Thames Embankment">Thames Embankment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Bridge" title="Waterloo Bridge">Waterloo Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_the_City_of_London" title="Royal Commission on the City of London">Royal Commission on the City of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_Management_Act_1855" title="Metropolis Management Act 1855">Metropolis Management Act 1855</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolis_Management_Amendment_Act_1885" title="Metropolis Management Amendment Act 1885">Metropolis Management Amendment Act 1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1888" title="Local Government Act 1888">Local Government Act 1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Government_Act_1899" title="London Government Act 1899">London Government Act 1899</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Fowler_(architect)" title="Francis Fowler (architect)">Francis Fowler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Marrable" title="Frederick Marrable">Frederick Marrable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_McGarel-Hogg,_1st_Baron_Magheramorne" title="James McGarel-Hogg, 1st Baron Magheramorne">James McGarel-Hogg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thwaites_(British_politician)" title="John Thwaites (British politician)">John Thwaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bazalgette" title="Joseph Bazalgette">Joseph Bazalgette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Metropolitan_Board_of_Works" title="List of members of the Metropolitan Board of Works">List of members</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_the_formation_of_the_London_Borough_of_Hackney" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_the_formation_of_Hackney" title="Template:History of the formation of Hackney"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_the_formation_of_Hackney" title="Template talk:History of the formation of Hackney"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_the_formation_of_Hackney" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of the formation of Hackney"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_the_formation_of_the_London_Borough_of_Hackney" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History of the formation of the <a href="/wiki/London_Borough_of_Hackney" title="London Borough of Hackney">London Borough of Hackney</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metropolitan boroughs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Hackney" title="Metropolitan Borough of Hackney">Hackney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Shoreditch" title="Metropolitan Borough of Shoreditch">Shoreditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Stoke_Newington" title="Metropolitan Borough of Stoke Newington">Stoke Newington</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LondonHackney.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/LondonHackney.png/125px-LondonHackney.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="97" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/LondonHackney.png/188px-LondonHackney.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/LondonHackney.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="155" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">District boards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_District_(Metropolis)" title="Hackney District (Metropolis)">Hackney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_(parish)" title="Hackney (parish)">Hackney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_of_Norton_Folgate" title="Liberty of Norton Folgate">Norton Folgate</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shoreditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Hornsey" title="South Hornsey">South Hornsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoke_Newington_(parish)" title="Stoke Newington (parish)">Stoke Newington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" 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