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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Harmonium" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Harmonium" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Historie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Harmonium</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 55 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-55" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">55 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonium" title="Harmonium – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Harmonium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonium" title="Harmonium – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Harmonium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonium" title="Harmonium – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Harmonium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonium" title="Harmonium – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Harmonium" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonium" title="Harmonium – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Harmonium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="قدمية – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قدمية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="হারমোনিয়াম – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="হারমোনিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хармониум – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Хармониум" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harm%C3%B2nium" title="Harmònium – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Harmònium" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonium" title="Harmonium – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Harmonium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organ_bwmp" title="Organ bwmp – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Organ bwmp" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonium" title="Harmonium – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Harmonium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmoonium" title="Harmoonium – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Harmoonium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CE%BC%CF%8C%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Αρμόνιο – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρμόνιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pump_organ" title="Pump organ – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pump organ" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armonio" title="Armonio – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Armonio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmoniumo" title="Harmoniumo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Harmoniumo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonium" title="Harmonium – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Harmonium" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="هارمونیوم – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هارمونیوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonium" title="Harmonium – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Harmonium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arm%C3%B3in" title="Armóin – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Armóin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonio" title="Harmonio – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Harmonio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%92%8D%EA%B8%88" title="풍금 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="풍금" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%AB%D5%BD%D5%B0%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ֆիսհարմոն – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆիսհարմոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armonium" title="Armonium – italiensk" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Armonium" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="הרמוניום – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הרמוניום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Фисгармония – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фисгармония" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisharmonija" title="Fisharmonija – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Fisharmonija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C9%94ny%C9%94%CC%81m%C9%9B" title="Amɔnyɔ́mɛ – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Amɔnyɔ́mɛ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harm%C3%B3nium" title="Harmónium – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Harmónium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harm%C3%B4nia" title="Harmônia – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Harmônia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ഹാർമോണിയം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഹാർമോണിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80" title="संवादिनी – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="संवादिनी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonium" title="Harmonium – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Harmonium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonium_(instrument)" title="Harmonium (instrument) – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Harmonium (instrument)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="हार्मोनियम – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हार्मोनियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="ハーモニウム – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハーモニウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisgarmoniya" title="Fisgarmoniya – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fisgarmoniya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਹਾਰਮੋਨੀਅਮ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਹਾਰਮੋਨੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisharmonia" title="Fisharmonia – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fisharmonia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harm%C3%B4nio" title="Harmônio – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Harmônio" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armoniu" title="Armoniu – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Armoniu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Фисгармония – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фисгармония" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonium" title="Harmonium – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Harmonium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%88" title="باجو – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="باجو" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harm%C3%B3nium" title="Harmónium – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Harmónium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Хармонијум – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хармонијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmoni" title="Harmoni – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Harmoni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆர்மோனியம் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆர்மோனியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="హార్మోనియం – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="హార్మోనియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D1%96%D1%81%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Фісгармонія – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фісгармонія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85" title="ہارمونیم – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہارمونیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonium" title="Harmonium – vestflamsk" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Harmonium" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="vestflamsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B0%A7%E9%A2%A8%E7%90%B4" title="簧風琴 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="簧風琴" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Harmonium2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Harmonium2.jpg/250px-Harmonium2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Harmonium2.jpg/375px-Harmonium2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2c/Harmonium2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="477" /></a><figcaption>Harmonium</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Harmonium</b> er et <a href="/wiki/Tangentinstrument" class="mw-redirect" title="Tangentinstrument">tangentinstrument</a> med frie tunger som lydgivere, hvor luften som setter tungene i sving blir pumpet ut eller inn av en belg med pedaler. Andre navn på instrumentet er <b>trøorgel</b> (eventuelt <b>tråkkeorgel</b> eller <b>tråorgel</b>) og <b>pumpeorgel</b>. Det har også de humoristiske tilnavnene <b>prestesykkel</b> og <b>salmesykkel</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Konstruksjon">Konstruksjon</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harmonium&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Konstruksjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harmonium&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Konstruksjon"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>På <a href="/wiki/Engelsk_spr%C3%A5k" class="mw-redirect" title="Engelsk språk">engelsk</a> skiller man mellom «harmonium» og «reed organ» eller «American reed organ». «Harmonium» brukes om instrumenter der luften blåses gjennom tungene, mens «reed organ» brukes om instrumenter hvor luften suges gjennom tungene. Sistnevnte går også under betegnelsen «melodeon» og er nesten utelukkende et amerikansk fenomen. Det er verdt å merke seg at ordene «harmonium» og «melodeon» signaliserer hvordan lyden dannes, ikke hvordan luftstrømmen oppstår, slik som ordet «trøorgel» gir til kjenne. Det finnes både harmonium og melodeon som har elektrisk pumpe og pedalbord slik som er vanlig på kirkeorgler. Det største melodeon som er laget er trolig Peloubet Church Organ fra 1892 med 1948 frie tunger, 3 manualer og pedaler, laget av Lyon & Healy.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fra et teknisk/praktisk ståsted vil man oppdage at forskjellen mellom å suge luften forbi tungene og ned i belgen i stedet for å blåse luften fra belgen, forbi tungene og ut til luft gir to ganske ulike utgangspunkt for tilpassing av det hørbare resultatet. Et melodeon vil således undertrykke det ofte lite sjarmerende overtonespekteret til de vibrerende tungene, mens et harmonium vil la disse spre seg langt mer uhindret. Som resultat av dette har et melodeon ofte en mer behagelig klangfarge enn et harmonium. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historie">Historie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harmonium&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Historie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harmonium&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Historie"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Harmoniet er et femomen fra den romantiske perioden. Dette instrumentet masseproduseres ikke i dag. Det er vanskelig å få laget et, og i så fall meget kostbart. De fleste harmonia ble laget i perioden fra slutten av 1800-tallet til omtrent midten på 1920-tallet. Det ble produsert et betydelig antall instrumenter også i Norge. Etter andre verdenskrig ble det nesten ikke laget noen. </p><p>I dag er harmoniet for et obskurt instrument å regne, da det finnes ytterst få seriøse utøvere. De fleste instrumenter er trolig ikke i daglig bruk, og mange er i dårlig stand. Harmoniet, som var gamle dagers piano i hjemmene, har ufortjent mistet anseelse og er ikke mye verdt på bruktmarkedet annet enn verdien som møbel. Harmoniets popularitet var relativt kortvarige, og få komponister skrev musikk spesielt tilpasset dette instrumentet. De viktigste klassiske komponistene for harmonium er <a href="/wiki/Sigfrid_Karg-Elert" title="Sigfrid Karg-Elert">Sigfrid Karg-Elert</a> og <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Franck" title="César Franck">César Franck</a>. </p><p>På engelsk brukes «harmonium» synonymt med «Indian harmonium», et indisk tangentinstrument hvor man håndpumper luft og spiller med én hånd på en liten tangentrekke. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harmonium&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harmonium&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Robert Gellerman, The American Reed Organ, 1973 Vestal Press, New York</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harmonium&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harmonium&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harmonium-orgel.com/">Harmonium-orgel.com</a> – Norsk side med liste over norske harmoniumprodusenter, aktuelle konserter og komponister som har skrevet musikk for harmonium.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060512015403/http://www.gdo.de/harmonium/">Der Arbeitskreis Harmonium der Gesellschaft der Orgelfreunde</a> – tysk forening for orgelvenner.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ksanti.net/free-reed/history/harmonium.html">The Classical Harmonium</a> – engelsk nettsted med informasjon om harmonium.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reedsoc.org/">The Reed Organ Society</a> – amerikansk forening for harmonium.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23230704">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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