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class=""><span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA+%28%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%29" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ตัวเลือกเพิ่มเติม" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="เครื่องมือส่วนตัว" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">เครื่องมือส่วนตัว</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="เมนูผู้ใช้" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_th.wikipedia.org&uselang=th"><span>บริจาคให้วิกิพีเดีย</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9C%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88&returnto=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA+%28%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%29" title="แนะนำให้คุณสร้างบัญชีและเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>สร้างบัญชี</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99&returnto=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA+%28%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%29" title="แนะนำให้คุณเข้าสู่ระบบ แต่ไม่บังคับ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>เข้าสู่ระบบ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> หน้าสำหรับผู้แก้ไขที่ออกจากระบบ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3" aria-label="เรียนรู้เพิ่มเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไข"><span>เรียนรู้เพิ่มเติม</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B7%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="รายการการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ส่วนร่วม</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="อภิปรายเกี่ยวกับการแก้ไขจากเลขที่อยู่ไอพีนี้ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>คุย</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ไซต์"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="สารบัญ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">สารบัญ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">บทนำ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-เบส_และ_pH" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#เบส_และ_pH"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>เบส และ pH</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-เบส_และ_pH-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ลักษณะเฉพาะของเบส" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ลักษณะเฉพาะของเบส"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ลักษณะเฉพาะของเบส</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ลักษณะเฉพาะของเบส-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-การทำกรดให้เป็นด่าง" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#การทำกรดให้เป็นด่าง"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>การทำกรดให้เป็นด่าง</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-การทำกรดให้เป็นด่าง-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ความเป็นด่างของ_นอน-ไฮดรอกไซด์" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ความเป็นด่างของ_นอน-ไฮดรอกไซด์"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>ความเป็นด่างของ นอน-ไฮดรอกไซด์</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ความเป็นด่างของ_นอน-ไฮดรอกไซด์-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-เบสที่เป็นตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาแบบเฮเตอโรเจนัส_(Bases_as_heterogeneous_catalysts)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#เบสที่เป็นตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาแบบเฮเตอโรเจนัส_(Bases_as_heterogeneous_catalysts)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>เบสที่เป็นตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาแบบเฮเตอโรเจนัส (Bases as heterogeneous catalysts)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-เบสที่เป็นตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาแบบเฮเตอโรเจนัส_(Bases_as_heterogeneous_catalysts)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="สารบัญ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">เบส (เคมี)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ไปที่บทความในภาษาอื่น ซึ่งมีใน 123 ภาษา" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-123" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">123 ภาษา</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basis" title="Basis – แอฟริกานส์" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Basis" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="แอฟริกานส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basen_(Chemie)" title="Basen (Chemie) – เยอรมันสวิส" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Basen (Chemie)" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมันสวิส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(quimica)" title="Base (quimica) – อารากอน" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Base (quimica)" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="อารากอน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9_(%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="قاعدة (كيمياء) – อาหรับ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قاعدة (كيمياء)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="อาหรับ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A7%B0" title="ক্ষাৰ – อัสสัม" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ক্ষাৰ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="อัสสัม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Base (química) – อัสตูเรียส" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Base (química)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="อัสตูเรียส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Fsaslar" title="Əsaslar – อาเซอร์ไบจาน" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Əsaslar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="อาเซอร์ไบจาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2_(%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C)" title="باز (شیمی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="باز (شیمی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D2%99_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Нигеҙ (химия) – บัชคีร์" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Нигеҙ (химия)" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="บัชคีร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baz%C4%97" title="Bazė – ซาโมจิเตียน" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Bazė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="ซาโมจิเตียน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(kimika)" title="Base (kimika) – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Base (kimika)" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Асновы – เบลารุส" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Асновы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="เบลารุส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Аснова (хімія) – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Аснова (хімія)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Основа (химия) – บัลแกเรีย" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Основа (химия)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="บัลแกเรีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%95" title="ক্ষারক – บังกลา" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্ষারক" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="บังกลา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazenn_(kimiezh)" title="Bazenn (kimiezh) – เบรตัน" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bazenn (kimiezh)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="เบรตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baza_(hemija)" title="Baza (hemija) – บอสเนีย" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Baza (hemija)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="บอสเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D2%BB%D1%83%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B8" title="Химиин һуури – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Химиин һуури" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Base química – คาตาลัน" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Base química" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="คาตาลัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA_(%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="تفت (کیمیا) – เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="تفت (کیمیا)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ดตอนกลาง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1sady_(chemie)" title="Zásady (chemie) – เช็ก" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zásady (chemie)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="เช็ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%BA%C4%95%D1%81_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8)" title="Никĕс (хими) – ชูวัช" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Никĕс (хими)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ชูวัช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas_(cemeg)" title="Bas (cemeg) – เวลส์" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bas (cemeg)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="เวลส์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(kemi)" title="Base (kemi) – เดนมาร์ก" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Base (kemi)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="เดนมาร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basen_(Chemie)" title="Basen (Chemie) – เยอรมัน" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Basen (Chemie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baz" title="Baz – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Baz" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Βάση – กรีก" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βάση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="กรีก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(chemistry)" title="Base (chemistry) – อังกฤษ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Base (chemistry)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazo_(kemio)" title="Bazo (kemio) – เอสเปรันโต" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bazo (kemio)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="เอสเปรันโต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Base (química) – สเปน" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Base (química)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="สเปน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alus_(keemia)" title="Alus (keemia) – เอสโตเนีย" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Alus (keemia)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="เอสโตเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base" title="Base – บาสก์" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Base" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="บาสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2_(%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C)" title="باز (شیمی) – เปอร์เซีย" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باز (شیمی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="เปอร์เซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Em%C3%A4s" title="Emäs – ฟินแลนด์" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Emäs" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ฟินแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lip%C3%B5" title="Lipõ – โวโร" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Lipõ" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="โวโร" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%BAtur" title="Lútur – แฟโร" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Lútur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="แฟโร" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(chimie)" title="Base (chimie) – ฝรั่งเศส" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Base (chimie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ฝรั่งเศส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baas" title="Baas – ฟริเซียนเหนือ" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Baas" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ฟริเซียนเหนือ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bun_(ceimic)" title="Bun (ceimic) – ไอริช" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bun (ceimic)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ไอริช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baz_(chimi)" title="Baz (chimi) – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Baz (chimi)" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Base (química) – กาลิเซีย" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Base (química)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="กาลิเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%88%E0%AA%9D" title="બેઈઝ – คุชราต" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બેઈઝ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="คุชราต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A1_(%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%94)" title="בסיס (כימיה) – ฮิบรู" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בסיס (כימיה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ฮิบรู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="क्षार – ฮินดี" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="क्षार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ฮินดี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(chemistry)" title="Base (chemistry) – ฮินดีฟิจิ" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Base (chemistry)" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="ฮินดีฟิจิ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baze_(kemija)" title="Baze (kemija) – โครเอเชีย" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Baze (kemija)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baz_(chimi)" title="Baz (chimi) – เฮติครีโอล" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Baz (chimi)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="เฮติครีโอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1zis_(k%C3%A9mia)" title="Bázis (kémia) – ฮังการี" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bázis (kémia)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ฮังการี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%AB%D5%B4%D6%84%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հիմքեր – อาร์เมเนีย" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հիմքեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="อาร์เมเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(chimia)" title="Base (chimia) – อินเตอร์ลิงกัว" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Base (chimia)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="อินเตอร์ลิงกัว" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa" title="Basa – อินโดนีเซีย" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Basa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="อินโดนีเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazo_(kemio)" title="Bazo (kemio) – อีโด" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Bazo (kemio)" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="อีโด" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basi" title="Basi – ไอซ์แลนด์" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Basi" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ไอซ์แลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(chimica)" title="Base (chimica) – อิตาลี" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Base (chimica)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="อิตาลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A1%A9%E5%9F%BA" title="塩基 – ญี่ปุ่น" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="塩基" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ญี่ปุ่น" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bies_(kimischri)" title="Bies (kimischri) – อังกฤษคลีโอลจาเมกา" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Bies (kimischri)" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="อังกฤษคลีโอลจาเมกา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AB%E1%83%94" title="ფუძე – จอร์เจีย" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფუძე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="จอร์เจีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoye" title="Hoye – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Hoye" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa" title="Basa – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Basa" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B3%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Негіздер – คาซัค" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Негіздер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="คาซัค" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2" title="ಪ್ರತ್ಯಾಮ್ಲ – กันนาดา" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪ್ರತ್ಯಾಮ್ಲ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="กันนาดา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%BC%EA%B8%B0" title="염기 – เกาหลี" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="염기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="เกาหลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baz_(k%C3%AEmya)" title="Baz (kîmya) – เคิร์ด" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Baz (kîmya)" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="เคิร์ด" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B7_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Негиз (химия) – คีร์กีซ" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Негиз (химия)" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="คีร์กีซ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basis_(chemia)" title="Basis (chemia) – ละติน" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Basis (chemia)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ละติน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas" title="Bas – ลักเซมเบิร์ก" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bas" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ลักเซมเบิร์ก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(cimica)" title="Base (cimica) – ลิงกัวฟรังกาโนวา" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Base (cimica)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="ลิงกัวฟรังกาโนวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas" title="Bas – ลอมบาร์ด" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Bas" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="ลอมบาร์ด" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B7%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%96%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99_(%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B5)" title="ພື້ນຖານ (ເຄມີ) – ลาว" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພື້ນຖານ (ເຄມີ)" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="ลาว" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baz%C4%97" title="Bazė – ลิทัวเนีย" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bazė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ลิทัวเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C4%81ze_(%C4%B7%C4%ABmija)" title="Bāze (ķīmija) – ลัตเวีย" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bāze (ķīmija)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ลัตเวีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0_(%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="База (хемија) – มาซิโดเนีย" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="База (хемија)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="มาซิโดเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ക്ഷാരം – มาลายาลัม" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്ഷാരം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="มาลายาลัม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%88%EA%AF%A5_%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%8D%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯑꯈꯥ ꯃꯍꯤ – มณีปุระ" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯈꯥ ꯃꯍꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="มณีปุระ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bes" title="Bes – มาเลย์" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Bes" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="มาเลย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B7%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_(%E1%80%93%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AF%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92)" title="ဘေ့စ် (ဓာတုဗေဒ) – พม่า" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘေ့စ် (ဓာတုဗေဒ)" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="พม่า" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base" title="Base – เยอรมันต่ำ" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Base" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="เยอรมันต่ำ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(scheikunde)" title="Base (scheikunde) – ดัตช์" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Base (scheikunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ดัตช์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base" title="Base – นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Base" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์นีนอสก์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base" title="Base – นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Base" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="นอร์เวย์บุคมอล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base" title="Base – โนเวียล" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Base" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="โนเวียล" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_(quimia)" title="Basa (quimia) – อ็อกซิตัน" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Basa (quimia)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="อ็อกซิตัน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beezii" title="Beezii – โอโรโม" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Beezii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="โอโรโม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਖ਼ਾਰ – ปัญจาบ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖ਼ਾਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ปัญจาบ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zasady" title="Zasady – โปแลนด์" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zasady" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="โปแลนด์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3" title="اساس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اساس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Base (química) – โปรตุเกส" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Base (química)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="โปรตุเกส" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llipt%27a" title="Llipt'a – เคชวา" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Llipt'a" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="เคชวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baz%C4%83_(chimie)" title="Bază (chimie) – โรมาเนีย" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bază (chimie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="โรมาเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baz%C3%A2" title="Bazâ – อาโรมาเนีย" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Bazâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="อาโรมาเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Основания (химия) – รัสเซีย" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Основания (химия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="รัสเซีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0_(%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Основа (хемія) – รูซิน" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Основа (хемія)" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="รูซิน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%83" title="क्षारः – สันสกฤต" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="क्षारः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="สันสกฤต" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%85_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Олох (химия) – ซาคา" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Олох (химия)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ซาคา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3_(%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A7)" title="اساس (ڪيميا) – สินธิ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اساس (ڪيميا)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="สินธิ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A1sa_(kemiija)" title="Bása (kemiija) – ซามิเหนือ" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Bása (kemiija)" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="ซามิเหนือ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baza_(hemija)" title="Baza (hemija) – เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Baza (hemija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="เซอร์โบ-โครเอเชีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(chemistry)" title="Base (chemistry) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Base (chemistry)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1sada_(ch%C3%A9mia)" title="Zásada (chémia) – สโลวัก" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Zásada (chémia)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="สโลวัก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baza_(kemija)" title="Baza (kemija) – สโลวีเนีย" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Baza (kemija)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="สโลวีเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bazat" title="Bazat – แอลเบเนีย" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bazat" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="แอลเบเนีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0_(%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0)" title="База (хемија) – เซอร์เบีย" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="База (хемија)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="เซอร์เบีย" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanyawa_Basa" title="Sanyawa Basa – ซุนดา" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Sanyawa Basa" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="ซุนดา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bas_(kemi)" title="Bas (kemi) – สวีเดน" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bas (kemi)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="สวีเดน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Besi_(kemia)" title="Besi (kemia) – สวาฮีลี" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Besi (kemia)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="สวาฮีลี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="காரம் (வேதியியல்) – ทมิฬ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காரம் (வேதியியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ทมิฬ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D2%B3%D0%BE_(%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%91)" title="Асосҳо (кимиё) – ทาจิก" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Асосҳо (кимиё)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="ทาจิก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base" title="Base – ตากาล็อก" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Base" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ตากาล็อก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baz" title="Baz – ตุรกี" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Baz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ตุรกี" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B7_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Нигез (химия) – ตาตาร์" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Нигез (химия)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ตาตาร์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Основание (химия) – ตูวา" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Основание (химия)" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="ตูวา" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_(%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Основи (хімія) – ยูเครน" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Основи (хімія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ยูเครน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3_(%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7)" title="اساس (کیمیا) – อูรดู" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اساس (کیمیا)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="อูรดู" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asos_(kimyo)" title="Asos (kimyo) – อุซเบก" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Asos (kimyo)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="อุซเบก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(h%C3%B3a_h%E1%BB%8Dc)" title="Base (hóa học) – เวียดนาม" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Base (hóa học)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="เวียดนาม" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base" title="Base – เฟลมิชตะวันตก" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Base" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="เฟลมิชตะวันตก" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A5ze_(tchimeye)" title="Båze (tchimeye) – วอลลูน" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Båze (tchimeye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="วอลลูน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(kimika)" title="Base (kimika) – วาเรย์" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Base (kimika)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="วาเรย์" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9B%90%E5%9F%BA" title="盐基 – จีนอู๋" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="盐基" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="จีนอู๋" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%96%D7%A2_(%D7%9B%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A2)" title="באזע (כעמיע) – ยิดดิช" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="באזע (כעמיע)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ยิดดิช" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%BD%E5%9F%BA" title="鹽基 – จีน" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鹽基" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="จีน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A2m-ki" title="Iâm-ki – จีนมินหนาน" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Iâm-ki" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="จีนมินหนาน" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%B9%BC" title="鹼 – กวางตุ้ง" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鹼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="กวางตุ้ง" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11193#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="แก้ไขลิงก์ข้ามภาษา" 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href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA+%28%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%29"><span>สร้างหนังสือ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%A9:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA_%28%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%29&action=show-download-screen"><span>ดาวน์โหลดเป็น PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA_(%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5)&printable=yes" title="รุ่นที่พร้อมพิมพ์ของหน้านี้ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>รุ่นพร้อมพิมพ์</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ในโครงการอื่น </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bases" hreflang="en"><span>วิกิมีเดียคอมมอนส์</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11193" title="ลิงก์ไปยังสิ่งนี้ในคลังซึ่งเชื่อมโยงข้อมูลต่าง ๆ เข้าด้วยกัน [g]" accesskey="g"><span>สิ่งนี้ในวิกิสนเทศ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="หน้าเครื่องมือ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="หน้าตา"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">หน้าตา</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ย้ายเมนูไปที่แถบด้านข้าง</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ซ่อน</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">จากวิกิพีเดีย สารานุกรมเสรี</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="th" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9751016">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">บทความนี้เกี่ยวกับเคมี สำหรับความหมายอื่น ดูที่ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA" class="mw-disambig" title="เบส">เบส</a> และ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87_(%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A1)" class="mw-disambig" title="ด่าง (แก้ความกำกวม)">ด่าง (แก้ความกำกวม)</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r10224066">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}</style><table class="box-ต้องการอ้างอิง plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">บทความนี้<b>ไม่มี<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2" title="วิกิพีเดีย:การอ้างอิงแหล่งที่มา">การอ้างอิง</a>จาก<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%89" title="วิกิพีเดีย:การพิสูจน์ยืนยันได้">แหล่งที่มาใด</a></b><span class="hide-when-compact"> กรุณาช่วย<a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA_(%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5)&action=edit">ปรับปรุงบทความนี้</a> โดยเพิ่มการอ้างอิงแหล่งที่มาที่น่าเชื่อถือ เนื้อความที่ไม่มีแหล่งที่มาอาจถูกคัดค้านหรือลบออก</span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%8A%E0%B9%89:%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81" title="วิธีใช้:การนำแม่แบบบำรุงรักษาออก">เรียนรู้ว่าจะนำสารแม่แบบนี้ออกได้อย่างไรและเมื่อไร</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r10224066"><table class="box-ปรับภาษา plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-Copy_edit" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/OpenMoji-color_F0042.svg/40px-OpenMoji-color_F0042.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/OpenMoji-color_F0042.svg/60px-OpenMoji-color_F0042.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/OpenMoji-color_F0042.svg/80px-OpenMoji-color_F0042.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>บทความนี้อาจต้องการตรวจสอบต้นฉบับ</b> ในด้านไวยากรณ์ รูปแบบการเขียน การเรียบเรียง คุณภาพ หรือการสะกด คุณสามารถช่วย<a class="external text" href="https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA_(%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5)&action=edit">พัฒนาบทความ</a>ได้ <small></small> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>เบส</b> ตามคำจำกัดความของ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95_%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="สแวนเต อาร์รีเนียส (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อาร์รีเนียส</a> (Svante Arrhenius) คือ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" class="mw-redirect" title="สารประกอบเคมี">สารประกอบเคมี</a>ที่ดูด<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ไฮโดรเนียมไอออน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ไฮโดรเนียมไอออน</a> เมื่อละลายใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3_(%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5)" title="น้ำ (โมเลกุล)">น้ำ</a> (ผู้รับโปรตอน) เบสที่ละลายในน้ำเรียกว่า <b><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5" title="อัลคาไล">อัลคาไล</a></b> ในที่ที่สิ่งแวดล้อมเป็นน้ำ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="ไฮดรอกไซด์">ไฮดรอกไซด์ไอออน</a>จะถูกให้ เบสและ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94" title="กรด">กรด</a>ถูกมองว่าอยู่ตรงข้ามกันเพราะว่าผลของกรดคือการเพิ่ม<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" title="ความเข้มข้น">ความเข้มข้น</a>ของ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ไฮโดรเนียม (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ไฮโดรเนียม</a>ไอออน (H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>) ในน้ำ, ในขณะที่เบสลดความเข้มข้น เบส อาร์รีเนียสเมื่อละลายน้ำสารละลายของมันจะมี <a href="/wiki/PH" class="mw-disambig" title="PH">pH</a> มากกว่า 7 เสมอ กรดเมื่อผสมกับเบสจะ<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99_(%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5)" class="mw-redirect" title="สะเทิน (เคมี)">สะเทิน</a> </p><p>มี <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%8E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94-%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ทฤษฎีปฏิกิริยา กรด-เบส (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">คำจำกัดความ กรด-เบส</a> ทั่วไปและซับซ้อนอีกมากมาย </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="เบส_และ_pH"><span id=".E0.B9.80.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.AA_.E0.B9.81.E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.B0_pH"></span>เบส และ pH</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA_(%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5)&action=edit&section=1" title="แก้ไขส่วน: เบส และ pH"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/PH" class="mw-disambig" title="PH">pH</a> ของน้ำไม่บริสุทธิ์จะวัดกันที่123 <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94" class="mw-redirect" title="ความเป็นกรด">ความเป็นกรด</a> ของมัน ในน้ำบริสุทธิ์ ประมาณ 1 ใน 10 ล้านโมเลกุล จะแตกตัวไปเป็น <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ไฮโดรเนียมไอออน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ไฮโดรเนียมไอออน</a> (H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>) และ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="ไฮดรอกไซด์">ไฮดรอกไซด์ไอออน</a> (OH<sup>−</sup>) , ตามสมการข้างล่างนี้ </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mbox{2H}}_{2}{\mbox{O}}\leftrightarrow {\mbox{H}}_{3}{\mbox{O}}^{+}+{\mbox{OH}}^{-}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>2H</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>O</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">↔</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>H</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>O</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>OH</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mbox{2H}}_{2}{\mbox{O}}\leftrightarrow {\mbox{H}}_{3}{\mbox{O}}^{+}+{\mbox{OH}}^{-}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/996490b88cba6800a11770b185650926eac7fb58" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:24.048ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mbox{2H}}_{2}{\mbox{O}}\leftrightarrow {\mbox{H}}_{3}{\mbox{O}}^{+}+{\mbox{OH}}^{-}.}"></span></dd></dl> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99" title="ความเข้มข้น">ความเข้มข้น</a> (มีหน่วยเป็น <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A5_(%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="โมล (หน่วย) (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">โมล</a>/<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3" title="ลิตร">ลิตร</a>) ของไอออน ถูกแสดงเป็น [H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>] และ [OH<sup>−</sup>]; สิ่งที่ได้คือ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%84%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ค่าคงที่การแยกสลาย (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ค่าคงที่การแยกสลาย</a> (dissociation constant) ของน้ำ และ มีค่าเท่ากับ 10<sup>−14</sup> mole<sup>2</sup>/l<sup>2</sup> ค่า pH ถูกกำหนดเป็น −log [H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>]; ดังนั้นน้ำบริสุทธิ์จึงมีค่า pH เท่ากับ 7 (ตัวเลขเหล่านี้จะมีค่าถูกต้องที่สุดที่อุณหภูมิ 23 °C และจะแตกต่างกันเล็กน้อยที่อุณหภูมิอื่น) </p><p>เบสรับ (กำจัด) <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ไฮโดรเนียมไอออน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ไฮโดรเนียมไอออน</a> (H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>) จากสารละลาย หรือ ให้ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="ไฮดรอกไซด์">ไฮดรอกไซด์ไอออน</a> (OH<sup>-</sup>) แก่สารละลาย การกระทำทั้งสองนี้จะลดความเข้มข้นของ<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ไฮโดรเนียมไอออน (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ไฮโดรเนียมไอออน</a>และเพิ่มค่า pH ในทางตรงกันข้ามกรดจะให้ H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> ไออออนแก่สารละลาย หรือรับ OH<sup>−</sup>, ผลคือทำให้ pH ลดลง </p><p>ค่า pH ของสารละลายสามารถคำนวณได้ดังตัวอย่างต่อไปนี้ ถ้า 1 โมล ของ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="โซเดียมไฮดรอกไซด์">โซเดียมไฮดรอกไซด์</a> (40 <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%81." class="mw-redirect" title="ก.">ก.</a>) ละลายในน้ำ 1 ลิตร ความเข้มข้นของ ไฮดรอกไซด์ไอออน จะเป็น [OH<sup>−</sup>] = 1 โมล/l. เพราะฉะนั้น [H<sup>+</sup>] = 10<sup>−14</sup> โมล/l, และ pH = −log 10<sup>−14</sup> = 14. ^^ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ลักษณะเฉพาะของเบส"><span id=".E0.B8.A5.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.A9.E0.B8.93.E0.B8.B0.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.89.E0.B8.9E.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.B0.E0.B8.82.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.87.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.AA"></span>ลักษณะเฉพาะของเบส</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA_(%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5)&action=edit&section=2" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ลักษณะเฉพาะของเบส"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>เบสมีความหนืดมากกว่าน้ำเล็กน้อย มีรสขม คล้ายสบู่เมื่อสัมผัส ทำปฏิกิริยากับกรดได้เกลือ </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="การทำกรดให้เป็นด่าง"><span id=".E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.B3.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.94.E0.B9.83.E0.B8.AB.E0.B9.89.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.9B.E0.B9.87.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.94.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87"></span>การทำกรดให้เป็นด่าง</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA_(%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5)&action=edit&section=3" title="แก้ไขส่วน: การทำกรดให้เป็นด่าง"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>เมื่อละลายในน้ำ เบส <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="โซเดียมไฮดรอกไซด์">โซเดียมไฮดรอกไซด์</a>จะแตกตัวเป็น ไฮดรอกไซด์ และ โซเดียมไอออน: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mbox{NaOH}}\to {\mbox{Na}}^{+}+{\mbox{OH}}^{-}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>NaOH</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>Na</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>OH</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mbox{NaOH}}\to {\mbox{Na}}^{+}+{\mbox{OH}}^{-}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9fc78ab05b286b3e25dbbba4e97e8da0f30f1efa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:22.39ex; height:2.676ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mbox{NaOH}}\to {\mbox{Na}}^{+}+{\mbox{OH}}^{-}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>และคล้ายกัน ในน้ำ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="ไฮโดรเจนคลอไรด์">ไฮโดรเจนคลอไรด์</a> จะแตกตัวเป็น ไฮโดรเนียม และ คลอไรด์ไอออน: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mbox{HCl}}+{H}_{2}{\mbox{O}}\to {\mbox{H}}_{3}{\mbox{O}}^{+}+{\mbox{Cl}}^{-}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>HCl</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>H</mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>O</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>H</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>O</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>Cl</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mbox{HCl}}+{H}_{2}{\mbox{O}}\to {\mbox{H}}_{3}{\mbox{O}}^{+}+{\mbox{Cl}}^{-}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9bf92d741a78a50c358f42113e4d7065dc74366f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:28.755ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mbox{HCl}}+{H}_{2}{\mbox{O}}\to {\mbox{H}}_{3}{\mbox{O}}^{+}+{\mbox{Cl}}^{-}.}"></span></dd></dl> <p>เมื่อนำสารละลายทั้งสองมาผสมกัน H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup> และ OH<sup>−</sup> ไอออน จะรวมกันเกิดเป็นโมเลกุลของน้ำ: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mbox{H}}_{3}{\mbox{O}}^{+}+{\mbox{OH}}^{-}\to {\mbox{2H}}_{2}{\mbox{O}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>H</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>O</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>OH</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>2H</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>O</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mbox{H}}_{3}{\mbox{O}}^{+}+{\mbox{OH}}^{-}\to {\mbox{2H}}_{2}{\mbox{O}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/0164a39384c2fac0562639b603ff60ce6ec2f1f8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:23.401ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mbox{H}}_{3}{\mbox{O}}^{+}+{\mbox{OH}}^{-}\to {\mbox{2H}}_{2}{\mbox{O}}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>ถ้าจำนวนของ NaOH และ HCl ละลายเท่ากัน (วัดเป็นโมลไม่ใช่กรัม) ด่างและกรดจะทำปฏิกิริยากันพอดีแล้วเกิดเป็น NaCl (<a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%87" class="mw-redirect" title="เกลือแกง">เกลือแกง</a>) ละลายอยู่ในสารละลายนั้น </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ความเป็นด่างของ_นอน-ไฮดรอกไซด์"><span id=".E0.B8.84.E0.B8.A7.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.A1.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.9B.E0.B9.87.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.94.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.B2.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.82.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.87_.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.99-.E0.B9.84.E0.B8.AE.E0.B8.94.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.AD.E0.B8.81.E0.B9.84.E0.B8.8B.E0.B8.94.E0.B9.8C"></span>ความเป็นด่างของ นอน-ไฮดรอกไซด์</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA_(%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5)&action=edit&section=4" title="แก้ไขส่วน: ความเป็นด่างของ นอน-ไฮดรอกไซด์"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ทั้ง <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95" title="โซเดียมคาร์บอเนต">โซเดียมคาร์บอเนต</a> และ <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2" title="แอมโมเนีย">แอมโมเนีย</a> เป็นเบส แม้ว่าสารประกอบทั้งสองจะไม่มี หมู่ OH<sup>−</sup> ก็ตาม อันนี้เป็นเพราะว่าสารประกอบทั้งสองรับ H<sup>+</sup> เมื่อละลายน้ำ: </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mbox{Na}}_{2}{\mbox{CO}}_{3}+{\mbox{H}}_{2}{\mbox{O}}\to 2{\mbox{Na}}^{+}+{\mbox{HCO}}_{3}^{-}+{\mbox{OH}}^{-}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>Na</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>CO</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>H</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>O</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>Na</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>HCO</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>OH</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mbox{Na}}_{2}{\mbox{CO}}_{3}+{\mbox{H}}_{2}{\mbox{O}}\to 2{\mbox{Na}}^{+}+{\mbox{HCO}}_{3}^{-}+{\mbox{OH}}^{-}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/554c756da139c66d3b29070cae0518ae3ff6abfa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:42.622ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mbox{Na}}_{2}{\mbox{CO}}_{3}+{\mbox{H}}_{2}{\mbox{O}}\to 2{\mbox{Na}}^{+}+{\mbox{HCO}}_{3}^{-}+{\mbox{OH}}^{-}}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mbox{NH}}_{3}+{\mbox{H}}_{2}{\mbox{O}}\to {\mbox{NH}}_{4}^{+}+{\mbox{OH}}^{-}.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>NH</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>H</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>O</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>NH</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>OH</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>.</mo> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mbox{NH}}_{3}+{\mbox{H}}_{2}{\mbox{O}}\to {\mbox{NH}}_{4}^{+}+{\mbox{OH}}^{-}.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/29bfe95810410d2d1bd2293a54a7b698c1014dad" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:29.147ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mbox{NH}}_{3}+{\mbox{H}}_{2}{\mbox{O}}\to {\mbox{NH}}_{4}^{+}+{\mbox{OH}}^{-}.}"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="เบสที่เป็นตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาแบบเฮเตอโรเจนัส_(Bases_as_heterogeneous_catalysts)"><span id=".E0.B9.80.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.AA.E0.B8.97.E0.B8.B5.E0.B9.88.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.9B.E0.B9.87.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.A7.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.A3.E0.B9.88.E0.B8.87.E0.B8.9B.E0.B8.8F.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.81.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.A3.E0.B8.B4.E0.B8.A2.E0.B8.B2.E0.B9.81.E0.B8.9A.E0.B8.9A.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.AE.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.95.E0.B8.AD.E0.B9.82.E0.B8.A3.E0.B9.80.E0.B8.88.E0.B8.99.E0.B8.B1.E0.B8.AA_.28Bases_as_heterogeneous_catalysts.29"></span>เบสที่เป็นตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาแบบเฮเตอโรเจนัส (Bases as heterogeneous catalysts)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA_(%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5)&action=edit&section=5" title="แก้ไขส่วน: เบสที่เป็นตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาแบบเฮเตอโรเจนัส (Bases as heterogeneous catalysts)"><span>แก้</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>สารประกอบด่างสามารถใช้เป็น <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="ตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยา">ตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยา</a>ที่ <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ไม่ละลายน้ำ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ไม่ละลายน้ำ</a>แบบเฮเตอโรเจนัส ใน<a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5" title="ปฏิกิริยาเคมี">ปฏิกิริยาเคมี</a> ได้ ตัวอย่างคือ โลหะออกไซด์ เช่น </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="แมกนีเซียมออกไซด์">แมกนีเซียมออกไซด์</a> (magnesium oxide)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="แคลเซียมออกไซด์">แคลเซียมออกไซด์</a> (calcium oxide)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="แบเรียมออกไซด์">แบเรียมออกไซด์</a> (barium oxide)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9E%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B9%8C" title="โพแทสเซียมฟลูออไรด์">โพแทสเซียมฟลูออไรด์</a> (potassium fluoride) บน <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="อะลูมินา (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">อะลูมินา</a> (alumina)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ซีโอไลต์ (ไม่มีหน้านี้)">ซีโอไลต์</a> (zeolite)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="โลหะทรานซิชัน">โลหะทรานซิชัน</a> ใช้ทำตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาได้ดี หลายตัวทำให้เกิดสารประกอบเบส ตัวเร่งปฏิกิริยาที่เป็นด่างใช้ในการเร่งปฏิกิริยา <a href="/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99" title="ไฮโดรจีเนชัน">ไฮโดรจีเนชัน</a> โดยการเคลื่อนย้าย <a href="/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88" class="mw-redirect" title="พันธะคู่">พันธะคู่</a>, <a 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