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vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opinion_polls"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Opinion polls </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opinion_polls-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Endorsements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Endorsements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Endorsements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Endorsements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_spending" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_spending"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Election spending </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Election_spending-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Election spending subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Election_spending-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Reimbursements_for_political_parties_and_candidates" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reimbursements_for_political_parties_and_candidates"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Reimbursements for political parties and candidates </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reimbursements_for_political_parties_and_candidates-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fundraising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fundraising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Fundraising </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fundraising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Registered_third_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Registered_third_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Registered third parties </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Registered_third_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Results" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Results </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Results-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Results subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Results-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Results_by_province" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Results_by_province"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Results by province </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Results_by_province-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Election_aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Election_aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Election aftermath </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Election_aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Election aftermath subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Election_aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Commentary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commentary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Commentary </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commentary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 International reactions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cabinet_appointments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cabinet_appointments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Cabinet appointments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cabinet_appointments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">2015 Canadian federal election</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" > 22 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_2015" title="الانتخابات الفيدرالية الكندية 2015 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الانتخابات الفيدرالية الكندية 2015" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%BA%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%9E_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5_(2015)" title="Парламенцкія выбары ў Канадзе (2015) – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Парламенцкія выбары ў Канадзе (2015)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadische_Unterhauswahl_2015" title="Kanadische Unterhauswahl 2015 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kanadische Unterhauswahl 2015" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%82_%CE%B5%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AD%CF%82_(2015)" title="Καναδικές ομοσπονδιακές εκλογές (2015) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καναδικές ομοσπονδιακές εκλογές (2015)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elecciones_federales_de_Canad%C3%A1_de_2015" title="Elecciones federales de Canadá de 2015 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elecciones federales de Canadá de 2015" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7_(%DB%B2%DB%B0%DB%B1%DB%B5)" title="انتخابات فدرال کانادا (۲۰۱۵) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انتخابات فدرال کانادا (۲۰۱۵)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lections_f%C3%A9d%C3%A9rales_canadiennes_de_2015" title="Élections fédérales canadiennes de 2015 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élections fédérales canadiennes de 2015" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%EB%85%84_%EC%BA%90%EB%82%98%EB%8B%A4_%EC%97%B0%EB%B0%A9_%EC%84%A0%EA%B1%B0" title="2015년 캐나다 연방 선거 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="2015년 캐나다 연방 선거" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%98%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5,_%E0%A5%A8%E0%A5%A6%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AB" title="कनाडा के संघीय चुनाव, २०१५ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कनाडा के संघीय चुनाव, २०१५" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elezioni_federali_in_Canada_del_2015" title="Elezioni federali in Canada del 2015 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Elezioni federali in Canada del 2015" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%A7%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%94_2015" title="הבחירות הפרלמנטריות בקנדה 2015 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הבחירות הפרלמנטריות בקנדה 2015" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadese_federale_verkiezingen_2015" title="Canadese federale verkiezingen 2015 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Canadese federale verkiezingen 2015" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%E5%B9%B4%E3%82%AB%E3%83%8A%E3%83%80%E7%B7%8F%E9%81%B8%E6%8C%99" title="2015年カナダ総選挙 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="2015年カナダ総選挙" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wybory_parlamentarne_w_Kanadzie_w_2015_roku" title="Wybory parlamentarne w Kanadzie w 2015 roku – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wybory parlamentarne w Kanadzie w 2015 roku" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elei%C3%A7%C3%B5es_federais_no_Canad%C3%A1_em_2015" title="Eleições federais no Canadá em 2015 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Eleições federais no Canadá em 2015" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B2_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B5_(2015)" title="Парламентские выборы в Канаде (2015) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парламентские выборы в Канаде (2015)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="2015 Canadian federal election – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="2015 Canadian federal election" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%95%DA%B5%D8%A8%DA%98%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%AF%DA%95%D8%A7%DA%B5%DB%8C%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%95%D9%86%DB%95%D8%AF%D8%A7_(%D9%A2%D9%A0%D9%A1%D9%A5)" title="ھەڵبژاردنی فیدڕاڵیی کەنەدا (٢٠١٥) – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ھەڵبژاردنی فیدڕاڵیی کەنەدا (٢٠١٥)" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanadan_parlamenttivaalit_2015" title="Kanadan parlamenttivaalit 2015 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kanadan parlamenttivaalit 2015" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="2015 கனடா நடுவண் அரசுத் தேர்தல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="2015 கனடா நடுவண் அரசுத் தேர்தல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B9%83%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2_%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2558" title="การเลือกตั้งสหพันธรัฐในแคนาดา พ.ศ. 2558 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การเลือกตั้งสหพันธรัฐในแคนาดา พ.ศ. 2558" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%E5%B9%B4%E5%8A%A0%E6%8B%BF%E5%A4%A7%E8%81%94%E9%82%A6%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%89" title="2015年加拿大联邦大选 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="2015年加拿大联邦大选" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3586271#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1247979735">.mw-parser-output .ib-election{line-height:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-data{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-label{width:5em;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-subheader{line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-header{font-weight:normal}@media(max-width:640px){body.skin--responsive:not(.skin-monobook):not(.skin-timeless) .mw-parser-output .ib-election .notpageimage.noresize img{height:80px!important;width:auto!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><table class="infobox ib-election infobox-table vevent" style="width:300px"><caption class="infobox-title summary">2015 Canadian federal election</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/75px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class="">October 19, 2015 (2015-10-19)</td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;width:40%; text-align:center;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/List_of_House_members_of_the_41st_Parliament_of_Canada" title="List of House members of the 41st Parliament of Canada">outgoing members</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;width:40%; text-align:center;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/List_of_House_members_of_the_42nd_Parliament_of_Canada" title="List of House members of the 42nd Parliament of Canada">elected members</a> →</div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><hr />338 seats in the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> 170 seats needed for a majority</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_in_the_Canadian_federal_election,_2015" class="mw-redirect" title="Opinion polling in the Canadian federal election, 2015">Opinion polls</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Turnout</th><td class="infobox-data">68.3%<a href="#cite_note-turnout-1">[1]</a> (<img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />7.2<a href="/wiki/Percentage_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Percentage Point">pp</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr class="sr-only"> <th style="text-align:left;">  </th> <th style="text-align:center">First party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Second party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Third party </th></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #EA6D6A"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 120px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:Justin_Trudeau_APEC_2015_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Justin Trudeau APEC 2015 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Justin_Trudeau_APEC_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Justin_Trudeau_APEC_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Justin_Trudeau_APEC_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Justin_Trudeau_APEC_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Justin_Trudeau_APEC_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Justin_Trudeau_APEC_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="457" data-file-height="684" /></a></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #6495ED"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 120px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:Stephen_Harper_2014_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stephen Harper 2014 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Stephen_Harper_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Stephen_Harper_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Stephen_Harper_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Stephen_Harper_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Stephen_Harper_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Stephen_Harper_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="464" /></a></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #F4A460"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 120px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomas_Mulcair_2015_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Thomas Mulcair 2015 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Thomas_Mulcair_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Thomas_Mulcair_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Thomas_Mulcair_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Thomas_Mulcair_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Thomas_Mulcair_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Thomas_Mulcair_2015_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="335" data-file-height="501" /></a></div></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Tom Mulcair</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader since </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/2013_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2013 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">April 14, 2013</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/2004_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2004 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election">March 20, 2004</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/2012_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2012 New Democratic Party leadership election">March 24, 2012</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader's seat </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Papineau_(electoral_district)" title="Papineau (electoral district)">Papineau</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Calgary_Heritage" title="Calgary Heritage">Calgary Heritage</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Outremont_(electoral_district)" title="Outremont (electoral district)">Outremont</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Last election </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">34 seats, 18.91% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">166 seats, 39.62% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">103 seats, 30.63% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seats before </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">36 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">159 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">95 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seats won </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">184 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">99 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">44 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seat change </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />148 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />60 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />51 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">6,942,937 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">5,613,633 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">3,469,368 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">39.47% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">31.91% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">19.72% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Swing </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />20.56<a href="/wiki/Percentage_points" class="mw-redirect" title="Percentage points">pp</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />7.71<a href="/wiki/Percentage_points" class="mw-redirect" title="Percentage points">pp</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />10.91<a href="/wiki/Percentage_points" class="mw-redirect" title="Percentage points">pp</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><hr /> </td></tr> <tr class="sr-only"> <th style="text-align:left;">  </th> <th style="text-align:center">Fourth party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Fifth party </th></tr> <tr> <td>  </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #87CEFA"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 120px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:Gilles_Duceppe_2011_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Gilles Duceppe 2011 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gilles_Duceppe_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Gilles_Duceppe_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gilles_Duceppe_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Gilles_Duceppe_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Gilles_Duceppe_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Gilles_Duceppe_2011_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1261" data-file-height="1888" /></a></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #99C955"><div class=""> <div style="width: 120px; height: 160px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 120px"><div class="noresize"><a href="/wiki/File:Elizabeth_May_2014_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Elizabeth May 2014 (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Elizabeth_May_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Elizabeth_May_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Elizabeth_May_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Elizabeth_May_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Elizabeth_May_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Elizabeth_May_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1260" data-file-height="1926" /></a></div></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Duceppe" title="Gilles Duceppe">Gilles Duceppe</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_May" title="Elizabeth May">Elizabeth May</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader since </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois#Return_of_Duceppe" title="Bloc Québécois">June 10, 2015</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/2006_Green_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2006 Green Party of Canada leadership election">August 27, 2006</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader's seat </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">Ran in <a href="/wiki/Laurier%E2%80%94Sainte-Marie" title="Laurier—Sainte-Marie">Laurier—Sainte-Marie</a> (lost) </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Saanich%E2%80%94Gulf_Islands" title="Saanich—Gulf Islands">Saanich—Gulf Islands</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Last election </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">4 seats, 6.04% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">1 seat, 3.91% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seats before </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">2 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">2 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seats won </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">10 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seat change </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />8 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">821,144 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">602,933 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">4.67% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">3.43% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Swing </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />1.38<a href="/wiki/Percentage_points" class="mw-redirect" title="Percentage points">pp</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" />0.49<a href="/wiki/Percentage_points" class="mw-redirect" title="Percentage points">pp</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="switcher-container"><div> <a href="/wiki/File:2015_Canadian_General_Election.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/2015_Canadian_General_Election.svg/400px-2015_Canadian_General_Election.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/2015_Canadian_General_Election.svg/600px-2015_Canadian_General_Election.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/2015_Canadian_General_Election.svg/800px-2015_Canadian_General_Election.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="818" data-file-height="706" /></a> Results by electoral district</div><div> <a href="/wiki/File:Canada_2015_Federal_Election.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Canada_2015_Federal_Election.svg/400px-Canada_2015_Federal_Election.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="339" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Canada_2015_Federal_Election.svg/600px-Canada_2015_Federal_Election.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Canada_2015_Federal_Election.svg/800px-Canada_2015_Federal_Election.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1084" data-file-height="920" /></a> Results by province and territory</div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left;">Prime Minister before election <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right;">Prime Minister after election <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> The 2015 Canadian federal election held on October 19, 2015, saw the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a>, win 184 seats, allowing it to form a <a href="/wiki/Majority_government" title="Majority government">majority government</a> with Trudeau becoming the next prime minister. The election was held to elect <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(Canada)" title="Member of Parliament (Canada)">members</a> to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a> of the <a href="/wiki/42nd_Canadian_Parliament" title="42nd Canadian Parliament">42nd Canadian Parliament</a>. In keeping with the <a href="/wiki/Fixed_election_dates_in_Canada#Federal" title="Fixed election dates in Canada">maximum four year term</a> under a <a href="/wiki/Canada_Elections_Act#Notable_provisions" title="Canada Elections Act">2007 amendment to the Canada Elections Act</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Writ_of_election" title="Writ of election">writs of election</a> for the 2015 election were issued by <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Johnston_(governor_general)" title="David Johnston (governor general)">David Johnston</a> on August 4. The ensuing campaign was one of the longest in Canadian history.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> It was also the first time since the <a href="/wiki/1979_Canadian_federal_election" title="1979 Canadian federal election">1979 election</a> that a <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">prime minister</a> attempted to remain in office into a fourth consecutive Parliament and the first time since the <a href="/wiki/1980_Canadian_federal_election" title="1980 Canadian federal election">1980 election</a> that someone attempted to win a fourth term of any kind as prime minister. The <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a>, won 184 seats, allowing it to form a <a href="/wiki/Majority_government" title="Majority government">majority government</a> with Trudeau becoming the next prime minister.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> <a href="/wiki/29th_Canadian_Ministry" title="29th Canadian Ministry">Trudeau and the rest of his cabinet</a> were sworn in on November 4, 2015.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party</a>, led by incumbent Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a>, won 99 seats, becoming the <a href="/wiki/Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Official Opposition (Canada)">Official Opposition</a> after nearly a decade on the government benches. The <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Tom Mulcair</a>, won 44 seats, becoming the third-largest party in the House of Commons, after having formed the Official Opposition following the <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> won 10 seats, the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green Party</a> won 1 seat, and <a href="/wiki/Strength_in_Democracy" title="Strength in Democracy">Strength in Democracy</a> lost all its seats. The Liberal Party's increase of 148 seats from the previous election was the largest-ever numerical increase by a party in a Canadian election. Prior to the campaign, the Liberals had held only 36 seats—the fewest seats ever held at dissolution by any federal party that won the following election. The Liberals also became the first federal party in Canadian history to win a majority of seats without having been either the governing party or the Official Opposition in the previous parliament, and this was only the second time a party went from having the third-most seats to the most seats (the first being in <a href="/wiki/1925_Canadian_federal_election" title="1925 Canadian federal election">1925</a>). It was the second largest number of seats won in a federal election for the Liberals, the best being 191 in <a href="/wiki/1949_Canadian_federal_election" title="1949 Canadian federal election">1949</a>. The election also had the highest voter turnout since <a href="/wiki/1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="1993 Canadian federal election">1993</a>.<a href="#cite_note-turnout-1">[1]</a> Every party represented in the House of Commons except the Liberal Party recorded a decrease in its <a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">popular vote</a> share. There was an increase in voter turnout among all age groups. The largest was among eligible voters aged 18 to 24, which increased 18.3 points, to 57.1%. Elections Canada reported that this was the biggest increase in turnout among this age group since it began making demographic turnout estimates.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> Following the election, Harper conceded defeat to Trudeau and resigned as leader of the Conservative Party.<a href="#cite_note-CTVHarper2015-7">[7]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Duceppe" title="Gilles Duceppe">Gilles Duceppe</a> resigned as leader of the Bloc Québécois shortly after the election on October 22, 2015. <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Tom Mulcair</a> announced his intention to remain leader of the NDP, but was forced to step down in October 2017, after losing a party vote on his leadership in the spring of 2016. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Timeline of the 2015 Canadian federal election">Timeline of the 2015 Canadian federal election</a> and <a href="/wiki/41st_Canadian_Parliament" title="41st Canadian Parliament">41st Canadian Parliament</a></div> The <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011 federal election</a> resulted in the continuation of the incumbent <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> government headed by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic Party</a> (NDP) became Official Opposition and the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal Party</a> became the third party. The <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> won four seats and the <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green Party</a> won one seat. Liberal leader <a href="/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff" title="Michael Ignatieff">Michael Ignatieff</a> and Bloc leader <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Duceppe" title="Gilles Duceppe">Gilles Duceppe</a> resigned shortly after failing to win their own ridings. The Bloc Québécois lost official party status by failing to attain the minimum seats needed (12). <a href="/wiki/Bob_Rae" title="Bob Rae">Bob Rae</a> was chosen as interim leader of the Liberal Party. In July 2011 <a href="/wiki/Jack_Layton" title="Jack Layton">Jack Layton</a>, suffering from cancer, temporarily stepped down as leader of the NDP because of illness, indicating his intention to return for the reconvening of Parliament in September. Weeks later Layton died of cancer and was given a <a href="/wiki/State_funeral" title="State funeral">state funeral</a>. In March 2012 <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Tom Mulcair</a> was elected leader of the New Democratic Party. In April 2013 <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> was elected leader of the Liberal Party. Bloc Québécois leader <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Paill%C3%A9" title="Daniel Paillé">Daniel Paillé</a> stepped down in December 2013 and was eventually replaced in June 2014 by <a href="/wiki/Mario_Beaulieu_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario Beaulieu (politician)">Mario Beaulieu</a>, who in turn was later replaced in June 2015<a href="#cite_note-DuceppeReturns-8">[8]</a> by Duceppe. In late 2014, MPs <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Larose" title="Jean-François Larose">Jean-François Larose</a> of the NDP and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Fortin_(politician)" title="Jean-François Fortin (politician)">Jean-François Fortin</a> of the Bloc formed the new political party <a href="/wiki/Strength_in_Democracy" title="Strength in Democracy">Strength in Democracy</a>. As set forth in the Fair Representation Act,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> the number of seats in the House of Commons to be contested in the 42nd Canadian federal election was 338, an increase of 30 seats from the 308 seats comprising the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons of Canada</a> of the <a href="/wiki/41st_Parliament_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="41st Parliament of Canada">41st Parliament of Canada</a>, at its <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_parliament" title="Dissolution of parliament">dissolution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FRAct-10">[10]</a> Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> requested <a href="/wiki/Writ_of_election" title="Writ of election">writs of election</a> for a federal general election from <a href="/wiki/Governor_General_of_Canada" title="Governor General of Canada">Governor General</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Johnston_(governor_general)" title="David Johnston (governor general)">David Johnston</a> on August 2. The official proclamations were issued on August 4.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> The date of the vote is determined by the fixed-date <a href="/wiki/Canada_Elections_Act" title="Canada Elections Act">Canada Elections Act</a>.<a href="#cite_note-C16-12">[12]</a> At 11 weeks, the campaign was the longest in modern Canadian history.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> As a result of the <a href="/wiki/2012_Canadian_federal_electoral_redistribution" title="2012 Canadian federal electoral redistribution">2012 federal electoral redistribution</a>, the number of electoral districts was increased to 338, with additional seats based on population assigned to Alberta (6), British Columbia (6), Ontario (15), and Quebec (3).<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Campaign_slogans">Campaign slogans</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Campaign slogans">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Party</th> <th>English</th> <th>French</th> <th>Translation of French (unofficial) </th></tr> <tr> <td>Conservative Party </td> <td>"Proven leadership for a strong Canada."<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> "Safer Canada/Stronger Economy"<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> "Protect our Economy"<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> </td> <td>"Un leadership qui a fait ses preuves pour une économie plus forte" </td> <td>"Leadership that has proven itself for a stronger economy" </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Democratic Party </td> <td>"Ready for Change."<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> </td> <td>"Ensemble pour le changement" </td> <td>"Together for change" </td></tr> <tr> <td>Liberal Party </td> <td>"Real Change (Now)."<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> </td> <td>"Changer ensemble (maintenant)" </td> <td>"Change together (now)" </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bloc Québécois </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>"Des gains pour le Québec"<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> "On a tout à gagner" </td> <td>"Gains for Quebec" "We have everything to win" </td></tr> <tr> <td>Green Party </td> <td>"A Canada That Works. Together."<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> </td> <td>"Prendre l'avenir en main" </td> <td>"Take the future in hand" </td></tr> <tr> <td>Strength in Democracy </td> <td>"Empowering our regions, uniting our strengths."<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> </td> <td>"Allier les forces de nos régions" </td> <td>"Combine the strengths of our regions" </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_campaign">Election campaign</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Election campaign">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leaders'_debates">Leaders' debates</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Leaders' debates">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Canadian_leaders%27_debates" title="Canadian leaders' debates">Canadian leaders' debates</a></div> Traditionally, party leaders participated in at least two nationally televised debates during the federal election – at least one each in <a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_French" title="Canadian French">French</a>. These debates were produced by a consortium of Canada's major television networks.<a href="#cite_note-theglobeandmail.com-24">[24]</a> In May 2015, the Conservatives said they would not participate in the consortium debates and instead would take part in as many as five independently staged debates in the run-up to the fall federal election.<a href="#cite_note-theglobeandmail.com-24">[24]</a> Ultimately, the Conservatives agreed to participate in a French-language debate organized by the consortium of broadcasters as one of their five debates.<a href="#cite_note-NDP_debates_and_2nd_consortium-25">[25]</a> The New Democratic Party confirmed that <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Tom Mulcair</a> would accept every debate where the prime minister was present. The NDP had previously confirmed its intention to participate in both of the consortium debates before <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> withdrew<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-Consortium-27">[27]</a> but ultimately only participated in the French language consortium debate which included the Conservatives.<a href="#cite_note-NDP_debates_and_2nd_consortium-25">[25]</a> Liberal leader <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> attended the Maclean's, Globe and Mail, and French consortium debates; and the Liberals confirmed he would attend the other debates.<a href="#cite_note-Consortium-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-theglobeandmail.com1-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-newswire.ca-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-radio-canada.ca-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-GAM04Aug15-31">[31]</a> The Bloc Québécois attended the French language consortium debate and confirmed its attendance at the French-language TVA debate. The Green Party attended the Maclean's and French language consortium debates, and confirmed its intention to participate in the English language consortium debate.<a href="#cite_note-Consortium-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-radio-canada.ca-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-global_fr_consortium_debate-33">[33]</a> <a href="/wiki/Strength_in_Democracy" title="Strength in Democracy">Strength in Democracy</a>, which had the same number of seats in the House of Commons at dissolution as the Greens and Bloc Québécois, were not invited to participate in any of the televised debates. The leaders of the party objected to their exclusion and launched a petition demanding that all parties represented in Parliament be invited to the debates.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> Other minor parties without representation in the House of Commons were not invited to participate in any of the televised debates. <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Televised debates </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Subject</th> <th>Participants</th> <th>Date</th> <th>Organizer</th> <th>Moderator</th> <th>Location</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>General</td> <td>Harper, May, Mulcair, Trudeau</td> <td>August 6<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-35">[35]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Rogers Media">Rogers Media</a> (<a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</a>)<a href="#cite_note-thestar.com-36">[36]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wells" title="Paul Wells">Paul Wells</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a></td> <td>The debate included live translations into French, Italian, Mandarin, Cantonese and Punjabi. Aired live on <a href="/wiki/City_(TV_network)" class="mw-redirect" title="City (TV network)">City</a> stations (English), <a href="/wiki/CPAC_(TV_channel)" title="CPAC (TV channel)">CPAC</a> (French), and <a href="/wiki/Omni_Television" title="Omni Television">Omni Television</a> stations (all other languages); streamed live at the Maclean's website and all networks' websites, <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> and <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>; and on <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Media" class="mw-redirect" title="Rogers Media">Rogers Media</a> news radio stations.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Economy</td> <td>Harper, Mulcair, Trudeau<a href="#cite_note-theglobeandmail.com1-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-GAM04Aug15-31">[31]</a></td> <td>September 17<a href="#cite_note-GAM04Aug15-31">[31]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a> and <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> Canada<a href="#cite_note-theglobeandmail.com1-28">[28]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Walmsley" class="mw-redirect" title="David Walmsley">David Walmsley</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Calgary" title="Calgary">Calgary</a></td> <td>The first half of the 90-minute debate covered five central themes on the economy: jobs, energy and the environment, infrastructure, housing and taxation. The second half consisted of follow-up questions and questions sent in by voters. Aired live nationwide on <a href="/wiki/CPAC_(TV_channel)" title="CPAC (TV channel)">CPAC</a> in both official languages with an additional English feed in Ontario on <a href="/wiki/CHCH-DT" title="CHCH-DT">CHCH</a>,<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> streamed live on The Globe and Mail's website, and distributed on YouTube. Uninvited Green Party leader Elizabeth May answered questions on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a> live during the debate at an event in <a href="/wiki/Victoria,_British_Columbia" title="Victoria, British Columbia">Victoria, British Columbia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>General</td> <td>Duceppe, Harper, May, Mulcair, Trudeau<a href="#cite_note-NDP_debates_and_2nd_consortium-25">[25]</a></td> <td>September 24<a href="#cite_note-NDP_debates_and_2nd_consortium-25">[25]</a></td> <td>Consortium (<a href="/wiki/CBC_Television" title="CBC Television">CBC</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ici_Radio-Canada_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9" title="Ici Radio-Canada Télé">Radio-Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network" title="CTV Television Network">CTV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Global_Television_Network" title="Global Television Network">Global</a>, <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9-Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Télé-Québec">Télé-Québec</a>) and <a href="/wiki/La_Presse_(Canadian_newspaper)" title="La Presse (Canadian newspaper)">La Presse</a><a href="#cite_note-NDP_debates_and_2nd_consortium-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Consortium-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-natpost-frdebates-40">[40]</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anne-Marie_Dussault&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anne-Marie Dussault (page does not exist)">Anne-Marie Dussault</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montreal" title="Montreal">Montreal</a></td> <td>The debate included live translation into English. Aired live in French on <a href="/wiki/Ici_Radio-Canada_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9" title="Ici Radio-Canada Télé">Ici Radio-Canada Télé</a> and <a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9-Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Télé-Québec">Télé-Québec</a> stations, and participant networks' websites; and in English on <a href="/wiki/CBC_News_Network" title="CBC News Network">CBC News Network</a>, <a href="/wiki/CTV_News_Channel_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="CTV News Channel (Canada)">CTV News Channel</a>, and participant networks' websites.<a href="#cite_note-global_fr_consortium_debate-33">[33]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Foreign Policy</td> <td>Harper, Mulcair, Trudeau<a href="#cite_note-NDP_debates_and_2nd_consortium-25">[25]</a></td> <td>September 28<a href="#cite_note-NDP_debates_and_2nd_consortium-25">[25]</a></td> <td>Aurea Foundation<a href="#cite_note-cbc.ca-41">[41]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> Canada<a href="#cite_note-munk-debate-desc-42">[42]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rudyard_Griffiths" title="Rudyard Griffiths">Rudyard Griffiths</a></td> <td>Toronto</td> <td>Bilingual<a href="#cite_note-NDP_debates_and_2nd_consortium-25">[25]</a> debate on Canada's foreign policy hosted as part of the foundation's regular <a href="/wiki/Munk_Debates" title="Munk Debates">Munk Debates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-newswire.ca-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-torstar_munk_debate-43">[43]</a> The debate consisted of six 12-minute segments, with two leaders debating for the first seven minutes and the third leader brought in to the debate for the final five.<a href="#cite_note-torstar_munk_debate-43">[43]</a> Aired on <a href="/wiki/CPAC_(TV_channel)" title="CPAC (TV channel)">CPAC</a> in both official languages with an additional English feed in Ontario on <a href="/wiki/CHCH-DT" title="CHCH-DT">CHCH</a>,<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> streamed live on the Munk Debates website, and distributed on Facebook.<a href="#cite_note-munk-debate-desc-42">[42]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>General</td> <td>Duceppe, Harper, Mulcair, Trudeau<a href="#cite_note-TVA-45">[45]</a></td> <td>October 2<a href="#cite_note-TVA-45">[45]</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quebecor_Media" title="Quebecor Media">Quebecor Media</a> (<a href="/wiki/TVA_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="TVA (Canada)">TVA</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bruneau_(journalist)" title="Pierre Bruneau (journalist)">Pierre Bruneau</a></td> <td>Montreal</td> <td>The debate focused on three themes: the economy, national security and Canada's place in the world, and social policies; the format consisted of six rounds of four-minute debate between two leaders, with an open debate section at the end of each theme.<a href="#cite_note-torstar_tva_debate-46">[46]</a> Aired live in French on <a href="/wiki/TVA_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="TVA (Canada)">TVA</a> stations, <a href="/wiki/Le_Canal_Nouvelles" title="Le Canal Nouvelles">Le Canal Nouvelles</a>, and streamed on the <a href="/wiki/TVA_Nouvelles" title="TVA Nouvelles">TVA Nouvelles</a> website;<a href="#cite_note-torstar_tva_debate-46">[46]</a> Aired with <a href="/wiki/Simultaneous_interpretation" title="Simultaneous interpretation">simultaneous interpretation</a> to English on <a href="/wiki/CPAC_(TV_channel)" title="CPAC (TV channel)">CPAC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-kady_tva_debate-47">[47]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controversies">Controversies</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Controversies">edit</a>]</div> The second Canadian federal election to significantly incorporate <a href="/wiki/Social_media" title="Social media">social media</a>, the 2015 campaign was notable for the rise of new avenues of scrutiny for potential candidates.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> A number of damaging revelations for each of the major political parties late in the campaign led to calls for increased vetting amongst political strategists, academics and outside observers.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Party</th> <th>Description </th></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Conservative </td> <td> <ul><li>August 7, 2015: <a href="/wiki/Hochelaga_(electoral_district)" title="Hochelaga (electoral district)">Hochelaga</a> candidate Augustin Ali Kitoko was removed as a candidate after sharing a Facebook photo album from New Democrat leader <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Tom Mulcair</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CBC_Gaffes-52">[52]</a></li> <li>August 21, 2015: <a href="/wiki/Rosemont%E2%80%94La_Petite-Patrie_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie (federal electoral district)">Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie</a> candidate Gilles Guibord was no longer a candidate after a number of online comments on <a href="/wiki/Le_Journal_de_Montr%C3%A9al" title="Le Journal de Montréal">Le Journal de Montréal</a> were uncovered, including blaming <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">First Nations</a> for not integrating into European culture, claiming the French, not the <a href="/wiki/Mohawk_people" title="Mohawk people">Mohawks</a>, have ancestral rights to Quebec, and speaking about man's "authority over women."<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></li> <li>August 24, 2015: <a href="/wiki/Ahuntsic-Cartierville_(electoral_district)" title="Ahuntsic-Cartierville (electoral district)">Ahuntsic-Cartierville</a> candidate Wiliam Moughrabi deleted his Facebook account after violent and sexist posts were discovered.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></li> <li>August 25, 2015: <a href="/wiki/Joliette_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Joliette (federal electoral district)">Joliette</a> candidate Soheil Eid apologized after comparing New Democrat leader <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Tom Mulcair</a>'s statements regarding the <a href="/wiki/Energy_East" title="Energy East">Energy East</a> pipeline project to Nazi propagandist <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Goebbels" title="Joseph Goebbels">Joseph Goebbels</a> by quoting "Mentez mentez, il en restera toujours quelque chose" ("Lie lie and something will always remain").<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></li> <li>September 6, 2015: <a href="/wiki/Scarborough%E2%80%94Rouge_Park_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Scarborough—Rouge Park (federal electoral district)">Scarborough—Rouge Park</a> candidate Jerry Bance was dropped from the party after a video from <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Marketplace_(Canadian_TV_program)" title="Marketplace (Canadian TV program)">Marketplace</a> surfaced showing an appliance repairman named Jerry urinating into a mug in a client's kitchen. It was later discovered that it was Bance himself.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> It became a popular meme on Twitter under the <a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">hashtag</a> #peegate.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></li> <li>September 7, 2015: <a href="/wiki/Toronto%E2%80%94Danforth_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Toronto—Danforth (federal electoral district)">Toronto—Danforth</a> candidate Tim Dutaud was forced to resign his candidacy after it was discovered he was YouTube user UniCaller, who has uploaded videos of himself pretending to orgasm while on the phone with female customer service representatives, and mocking people with mental disabilities.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></li> <li>September 8, 2015: <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Quinte_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Bay of Quinte (federal electoral district)">Bay of Quinte</a> Conservative Electoral District Association board member Sue MacDonell was fired after she posted on Facebook that <a href="/wiki/Cree" title="Cree">Cree</a> woman and newly crowned <a href="/wiki/Mrs._Universe" title="Mrs. Universe">Mrs. Universe</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashley_Callingbull-Burnham" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashley Callingbull-Burnham">Ashley Callingbull-Burnham</a> was a "monster" and a "smug entitled Liberal pet."<a href="#cite_note-CBC_Gaffes-52">[52]</a></li> <li>September 15, 2015: <a href="/wiki/Bonavista%E2%80%94Burin%E2%80%94Trinity" title="Bonavista—Burin—Trinity">Bonavista—Burin—Trinity</a> candidate Blair Dale was removed from his candidacy after racist and sexist online comments surfaced, including saying that abortion should not be an option for "irresponsible" people.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></li> <li>September 17, 2015: Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a>'s use of the appellation "<a href="/wiki/Old_Stock_Canadians#Harper_controversy" title="Old Stock Canadians">Old Stock Canadians</a>" during a nationally televised debate with Liberal Leader <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a>, and NDP Leader <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Tom Mulcair</a> created a Twitter frenzy and substantial media coverage.<a href="#cite_note-CBC_News_2015-09-17-60">[60]</a> Without specifically repeating the phrase, Harper later claimed to be referring to Canadians whose families have been here for "one or more generations."<a href="#cite_note-Global_2015_09_17-61">[61]</a></li> <li>October 1, 2015: <a href="/wiki/Sackville%E2%80%94Preston%E2%80%94Chezzetcook" title="Sackville—Preston—Chezzetcook">Sackville—Preston—Chezzetcook</a> candidate Robert Strickland was lambasted after Facebook remarks made by Strickland (or a staffer) told a young voter to "gain some experience in life" before engaging in political discussions.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></li> <li>October 1, 2015: <a href="/wiki/St._Catharines_(federal_electoral_district)" title="St. Catharines (federal electoral district)">St. Catharines</a> incumbent <a href="/wiki/Rick_Dykstra" title="Rick Dykstra">Rick Dykstra</a> was alleged to have purchased six <a href="/wiki/C%C3%AEroc" title="Cîroc">Cîroc</a> vodka bottles for underage girls at a local nightclub and then had his campaign offer bribes in exchange for their silence, a charge Dykstra denied.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></li> <li>October 6, 2015: <a href="/wiki/Mississauga%E2%80%94Malton_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Mississauga—Malton (federal electoral district)">Mississauga—Malton</a> candidate Jagdish Grewal was dropped from the party after an editorial by Grewal was printed in the Punjabi Post titled "Is it wrong for a homosexual to become a normal person?" in which he defended <a href="/wiki/Reparative_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Reparative therapy">gay-conversion therapy</a> to return gay youths to their "normal" heterosexuality. He remained on the ballot.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li> <li>October 10, 2015: <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a> said that "<a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Muslim-bashing</a>" had entered the election campaign, led primarily by the Conservatives, through the issue of the public wearing of the <a href="/wiki/Niqab" class="mw-redirect" title="Niqab">niqab</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> See also: <a href="/wiki/Zunera_Ishaq" title="Zunera Ishaq">Zunera Ishaq</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>NDP </td> <td> <ul><li>August 10, 2015: <a href="/wiki/Kings%E2%80%94Hants" title="Kings—Hants">Kings—Hants</a> candidate Morgan Wheeldon resigned his candidacy after a Facebook comment surfaced where he is accused of saying <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> intended to "ethnically cleanse the region."<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></li> <li>September 8, 2015: Shawn Dearn, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Tom Mulcair</a>'s director of communications apologized after tweets came to light criticizing the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, including stating that the "misogynist, homophobic, child-molesting Catholic church" is no moral authority, and used an expletive to refer to <a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_XVI" title="Pope Benedict XVI">Pope Benedict XVI</a> after the pope denounced Britain's gay equality rights.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></li> <li>September 20, 2015: NDP Leader <a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Tom Mulcair</a> was forced to apologize for using the term "<a href="/wiki/Newfie" title="Newfie">Newfie</a>" in a derogatory fashion as a synonym for "stupid" during a heated exchange in the <a href="/wiki/Quebec_legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Quebec legislature">Quebec legislature</a> in 1996.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></li> <li>September 21, 2015: <a href="/wiki/Winnipeg_Centre" title="Winnipeg Centre">Winnipeg Centre</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Pat_Martin" title="Pat Martin">Pat Martin</a> apologized for offensive language. Martin called Green Party candidate Don Woodstock a "son of a bitch" during a candidates debate the previous week. In a <a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a> article, Martin was quoted as saying Liberal candidate <a href="/wiki/Robert-Falcon_Ouellette" title="Robert-Falcon Ouellette">Robert-Falcon Ouellette</a> is a "political slut" because he had considered running for different political parties before running for the Liberals.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li>September 22, 2015: <a href="/wiki/Hamilton_West%E2%80%94Ancaster%E2%80%94Dundas_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Hamilton West—Ancaster—Dundas (federal electoral district)">Hamilton West—Ancaster—Dundas</a> candidate Alex Johnstone apologized for Facebook comments from seven years prior, where she commented on photos of the <a href="/wiki/Auschwitz_concentration_camp" title="Auschwitz concentration camp">Auschwitz concentration camp</a> with "Ahhh, the infamous Pollish [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>], phallic, hydro posts." She claimed to not know that the picture was of the infamous concentration camp.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li> <li>September 24, 2015: <a href="/wiki/Charleswood%E2%80%94St._James%E2%80%94Assiniboia%E2%80%94Headingley" title="Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia—Headingley">Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia—Headingley</a> candidate Stefan Johansson was asked to step down as candidate after social media posts from three years earlier emerged where he compared the <a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredim</a> sect of Judaism to the <a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a> and other extremists.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li> <li>October 7, 2015: <a href="/wiki/Brampton_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Brampton East">Brampton East</a> candidate Harbaljit Singh Kahlon, who once told a television programme <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a> could lead to polygamy and public nudity, offered an apology and said he no longer held those views.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>Liberal </td> <td> <ul><li>August 18, 2015: <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Nose_Hill" title="Calgary Nose Hill">Calgary Nose Hill</a> candidate Ala Buzreba stepped down as candidate after offensive Twitter tweets from several years earlier were uncovered, including "Go blow your brains out you waste of sperm" and "Your mother should have used that coat hanger."<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a></li> <li>September 10, 2015: <a href="/wiki/South_Surrey%E2%80%94White_Rock" title="South Surrey—White Rock">South Surrey—White Rock</a> candidate Joy Davies resigned her candidacy after Facebook comments surfaced where she suggested that <a href="/wiki/Marijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marijuana">marijuana</a> reduced family violence, that growing marijuana in a home poses no harm to children, and that the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Cancer_Society" title="Canadian Cancer Society">Canadian Cancer Society</a> was "another outlet for <a href="/wiki/Big_Pharma_conspiracy_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Pharma conspiracy theory">big pharma</a>."<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></li> <li>September 10, 2015: <a href="/wiki/Peace_River%E2%80%94Westlock" title="Peace River—Westlock">Peace River—Westlock</a> candidate Chris Brown apologized for offensive tweets he made in December 2009, during a bout of alcoholism after the death of his wife.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></li> <li>September 16, 2015: <a href="/wiki/Sturgeon_River%E2%80%94Parkland" title="Sturgeon River—Parkland">Sturgeon River—Parkland</a> candidate Chris Austin had his candidacy removed because of views that "are irreconcilable with the values" of the Liberals, including saying <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> "has turned our Nation's Capital into a War Zone as his thirst for War" in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/2014_shootings_at_Parliament_Hill,_Ottawa" title="2014 shootings at Parliament Hill, Ottawa">Parliament Hill shootings</a>, and suggesting that the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Mounted_Police" title="Royal Canadian Mounted Police">RCMP</a> are the "Canadian <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a>."<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></li> <li>September 28, 2015: <a href="/wiki/Cowichan%E2%80%94Malahat%E2%80%94Langford" title="Cowichan—Malahat—Langford">Cowichan—Malahat—Langford</a> candidate <a href="/wiki/Maria_Manna" title="Maria Manna">Maria Manna</a> resigned her candidacy after Facebook comments surfaced questioning the events of the <a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></li> <li>September 30, 2015: <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(British_Columbia_federal_electoral_district)" title="Victoria (British Columbia federal electoral district)">Victoria</a> candidate Cheryl Thomas resigned after past social media posts came to light, including referring to mosques as "brainwashing stations" and saying "the oppressed of the Warsaw ghettos and the concentration camps have become the oppressors." As the candidate deadline (September 28) had already passed, her name remained on the ballot.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></li> <li>October 14, 2015: Dan Gagnier, a co-chair of the Liberal Party's national campaign, stepped down from his position after the reveal of an email indicating he had provided advice to <a href="/wiki/TransCanada_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="TransCanada Corporation">TransCanada</a> on how to lobby a potential Liberal government regarding energy issues.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td>BQ </td> <td> <ul><li>Late August 2015: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9gantic%E2%80%94L%27%C3%89rable" title="Mégantic—L'Érable">Mégantic—L'Érable</a> candidate Virginie Provost was embarrassed after a survey asking what she would need in the event of a nuclear attack was revealed. Her answer was that she would bring "her cellphone, a penis and chips."<a href="#cite_note-CBC_Gaffes-52">[52]</a></li> <li>September 19, 2015: <a href="/wiki/Ville-Marie%E2%80%94Le_Sud-Ouest%E2%80%94%C3%8Ele-des-S%C5%93urs" class="mw-redirect" title="Ville-Marie—Le Sud-Ouest—Île-des-Sœurs">Ville-Marie—Le Sud-Ouest—Île-des-Sœurs</a> candidate Chantal St-Onge apologized after sharing an anti-Islam <a href="/wiki/Pegida" title="Pegida">Pegida</a> post on Facebook.<a href="#cite_note-CBC_Gaffes-52">[52]</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opinion_polls">Opinion polls</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Opinion polls">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2015 Canadian federal election">Opinion polling for the 2015 Canadian federal election</a> and <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election,_by_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Opinion polling for the 2015 Canadian federal election, by constituency">Opinion polling for the 2015 Canadian federal election, by constituency</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title">Opinion polling for Canadian federal elections</th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2008 Canadian federal election">Opinion polls</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2011 Canadian federal election">Opinion polls</a> • <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2011_Canadian_federal_election_by_constituency" title="Opinion polling for the 2011 Canadian federal election by constituency">By constituency</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">2015</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2015 Canadian federal election">Opinion polls</a> • <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election_by_constituency" title="Opinion polling for the 2015 Canadian federal election by constituency">By constituency</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2019 Canadian federal election">Opinion polls</a> • <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2019_Canadian_federal_election_by_constituency" title="Opinion polling for the 2019 Canadian federal election by constituency">By constituency</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2021 Canadian federal election">Opinion polls</a> • <a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2021_Canadian_federal_election_by_constituency" title="Opinion polling for the 2021 Canadian federal election by constituency">By constituency</a></td> </tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/File:Opinion_Polling_during_the_2015_Canadian_Federal_Election.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Opinion_Polling_during_the_2015_Canadian_Federal_Election.svg/1000px-Opinion_Polling_during_the_2015_Canadian_Federal_Election.svg.png" decoding="async" width="1000" height="500" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Opinion_Polling_during_the_2015_Canadian_Federal_Election.svg/1500px-Opinion_Polling_during_the_2015_Canadian_Federal_Election.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Opinion_Polling_during_the_2015_Canadian_Federal_Election.svg/2000px-Opinion_Polling_during_the_2015_Canadian_Federal_Election.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="936" data-file-height="468" /></a> Evolution of voting intentions during the campaign leading up to the 2015 Canadian federal election to be held on October 19, 2015. Points represent results of individual polls. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Endorsements">Endorsements</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Endorsements">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Newspaper_endorsements_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Newspaper endorsements in the 2015 Canadian federal election">Newspaper endorsements in the 2015 Canadian federal election</a> and <a href="/wiki/Endorsements_from_individuals_and_organizations_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Endorsements from individuals and organizations in the 2015 Canadian federal election">Endorsements from individuals and organizations in the 2015 Canadian federal election</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_spending">Election spending</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Election spending">edit</a>]</div> Before the campaign, there were no limits to what a political party, candidate, or third party (corporations, unions, special interest groups, etc.) can spend: spending rules are only in force after the writs have been dropped and the campaign has begun. Because the election period is set longer than the standard 37-day election period, spending limits are increased in proportion to the length of the period.<a href="#cite_note-elections.ca1-81">[81]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Party spending limits and actual spending, 2015 vs 2011 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3">Type</th> <th colspan="2">Spending limits</th> <th colspan="6">2015</th> <th colspan="6">2011<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td rowspan="2">2015<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a></td> <td rowspan="2">2011</td> <td bgcolor="#6495ED" colspan="2">Conservative</td> <td bgcolor="#F4A460" colspan="2">NDP</td> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A" colspan="2">Liberal</td> <td bgcolor="#6495ED" colspan="2">Conservative</td> <td bgcolor="#F4A460" colspan="2">NDP</td> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A" colspan="2">Liberal </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>Amount</td> <td>%</td> <td>Amount</td> <td>%</td> <td>Amount</td> <td>%</td> <td>Amount</td> <td>%</td> <td>Amount</td> <td>%</td> <td>Amount</td> <td>% </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;">Political party</td> <td>$54,475,840<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></td> <td>$21,025,793</td> <td>$29,000,000 </td> <td></td> <td>$28,000,000 </td> <td></td> <td>$26,000,000 </td> <td></td> <td>$19,519,995</td> <td>93%</td> <td>$20,372,231</td> <td>97%</td> <td>$19,507,746</td> <td>93% </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;">Party candidates</td> <td>$73,611,590<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a></td> <td>$28,244,499</td> <td>$21,000,000 </td> <td></td> <td>$11,000,000 </td> <td></td> <td>$15,000,000 </td> <td></td> <td>$19,655,136</td> <td>70%</td> <td>$7,117,962</td> <td>25%</td> <td>$14,517,363</td> <td>41% </td></tr> <tr valign="top"> <td style="text-align:left;">Total</td> <td>$128,087,430</td> <td>$49,270,292</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>$39,175,131</td> <td>80%</td> <td>$27,490,193</td> <td>56%</td> <td>$34,025,109</td> <td>69% </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="3">Candidates spending > 75% of limit </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2">173 </td> <td colspan="2">44 </td> <td colspan="2">91 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="3">Candidates spending > 50% of limit </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2"> </td> <td colspan="2">228 </td> <td colspan="2">70 </td> <td colspan="2">169 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reimbursements_for_political_parties_and_candidates">Reimbursements for political parties and candidates</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Reimbursements for political parties and candidates">edit</a>]</div> Political parties receive a reimbursement for 50 per cent of their election expenses during the writ period. Similarly, candidates (through their official agents) receive a reimbursement of 60 per cent of their election expenses during the writ period. Both reimbursements are publicly funded.<a href="#cite_note-elections.ca2-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fundraising">Fundraising</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Fundraising">edit</a>]</div> Elections Canada reports that during the financial quarter preceding the writ period, the Conservatives received $7.4 million in contributions, the NDP received $4.5 million, and the Liberals received $4.0 million.<a href="#cite_note-elections.ca-87">[87]</a> The NDP had the most individual donors at 48,314, followed by the Conservatives at 45,532 and then the Liberals at 32,789.<a href="#cite_note-elections.ca-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> The New Democratic Party stated that it collected greater than $9 million in the third quarter of 2015, the most it ever received from donors, and greater than the quarterly record established by the Conservative Party in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> At the riding level, financial reports in each of the 338 constituencies showed that in Conservative electoral district associations ended 2014 with net assets totalling more than $19 million, Liberal riding associations reported a total of about $8 million in net assets, and NDP associations more than $4.4 million.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> Individuals are able to give up to $1,500 to each political party and an additional $1,500 to all the registered associations, nomination contestants and candidates of each registered party combined.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Registered_third_parties">Registered third parties</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Registered third parties">edit</a>]</div> A person or group must register as a <a href="/wiki/Registered_third_parties_(Canada)" title="Registered third parties (Canada)">third party</a> immediately after incurring election advertising expenses totalling $500 or more.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> There are strict limits on advertising expenses, and specific limits that can be incurred to promote or oppose the election of one or more candidates in a particular electoral district. There were 112 registered third parties in the 2015 election.<a href="#cite_note-elections.ca3-93">[93]</a> There was a $150,000 election advertising expenses limit. Of that amount, no more than $8,788 could be incurred to promote or oppose the election of one or more candidates in a particular electoral district.<a href="#cite_note-elections.ca3-93">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results">Results</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Results">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Results of the 2015 Canadian federal election">Results of the 2015 Canadian federal election</a> and <a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election_by_riding" title="Results of the 2015 Canadian federal election by riding">Results of the 2015 Canadian federal election by riding</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_Canadian_parliament.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2015_Canadian_parliament.svg/300px-2015_Canadian_parliament.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2015_Canadian_parliament.svg/450px-2015_Canadian_parliament.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/2015_Canadian_parliament.svg/600px-2015_Canadian_parliament.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="185" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadian_Federal_Election_Cartogram_2015.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Canadian_Federal_Election_Cartogram_2015.svg/220px-Canadian_Federal_Election_Cartogram_2015.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Canadian_Federal_Election_Cartogram_2015.svg/330px-Canadian_Federal_Election_Cartogram_2015.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Canadian_Federal_Election_Cartogram_2015.svg/440px-Canadian_Federal_Election_Cartogram_2015.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1782" data-file-height="814" /></a><figcaption>Cartogram of the 2015 Canadian federal election results</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CanadianFederalElection2015PollingStation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/CanadianFederalElection2015PollingStation.jpg/220px-CanadianFederalElection2015PollingStation.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/CanadianFederalElection2015PollingStation.jpg/330px-CanadianFederalElection2015PollingStation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/CanadianFederalElection2015PollingStation.jpg/440px-CanadianFederalElection2015PollingStation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>A polling station on election day</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right; font-size: 95%;"> <caption>Summary of the 2015 Canadian federal election </caption> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;background-color:#e9e9e9"> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Party </th> <th rowspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Party leader </th> <th rowspan="2">Candidates </th> <th colspan="6">Seats </th> <th colspan="5">Popular vote </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;background-color:#e9e9e9"> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011</a> </td> <td style="font-size:80%"><a href="/wiki/41st_Canadian_Parliament" title="41st Canadian Parliament">Dissol.</a> </td> <td style="font-size:80%"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_electoral_redistribution,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian federal electoral redistribution, 2012">Redist.</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[a]</a> </td> <td>2015 </td> <td style="font-size:80%">% change from 2011 </td> <td style="font-size:80%">% seats </td> <td style="font-size:80%">Votes </td> <td style="font-size:80%">Vote change </td> <td style="font-size:80%">% </td> <td style="font-size:80%"><a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a> change </td> <td style="font-size:80%">% where running </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EA6D6A; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">338<a href="#cite_note-95">[b]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">34 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">36 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">36 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">184 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+441.18% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">54.44% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,942,937 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+4,159,861 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39.47% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+20.57pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39.47% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#6495ED; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">338<a href="#cite_note-96">[c]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">166 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">159 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">188 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">99 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">-40.36% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">29.29% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,613,633 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−221,637 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">31.91% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−7.72pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">31.91% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#F4A460; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mulcair" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Mulcair">Tom Mulcair</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">338 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">103 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">95<a href="#cite_note-jnm-97">[d]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">109 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">44 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">-57.28% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13.02% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3,469,368 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−1,043,043 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.72% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−10.92pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.73% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#87CEFA; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Duceppe" title="Gilles Duceppe">Gilles Duceppe</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">78 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+150% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.96% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">821,144 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−70,281 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.67% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−1.39pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.36% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#99C955; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_May" title="Elizabeth May">Elizabeth May</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">336 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2<a href="#cite_note-jnm-97">[d]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.3% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">602,933 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+30,838 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.43% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.46pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.44% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#DCDCDC; width: 16px">  </td> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician#Canada" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> and No Affiliation </td> <td style="text-align:right;">80 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">49,616 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−23,245 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.28% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.21pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.18% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#F2BA00; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_of_Canada" title="Libertarian Party of Canada">Libertarian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tim_Moen" title="Tim Moen">Tim Moen</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">72 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">36,775 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+30,773 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.21% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+0.17pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.93% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#CC6699; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Heritage_Party_of_Canada" title="Christian Heritage Party of Canada">Christian Heritage</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Rod Taylor </td> <td style="text-align:right;">30 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15,232 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−3,678 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.09% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.04pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.97% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#CD5C5C; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of Canada (Marxist–Leninist)">Marxist–Leninist</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Anna Di Carlo </td> <td style="text-align:right;">70 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,838 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−1,087 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.05% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.02pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.23% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#01af58; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Strength_in_Democracy" title="Strength in Democracy">Strength in Democracy</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Fortin_(politician)" title="Jean-François Fortin (politician)">Jean-François Fortin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2<a href="#cite_note-98">[e]</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,274 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.05% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.90% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#D8BFD8; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros_Party" title="Rhinoceros Party">Rhinoceros</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Sébastien Corriveau </td> <td style="text-align:right;">27 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7,263 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+3,463 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.04% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+0.02pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.52% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#6666CC; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Canadian_Party" title="Progressive Canadian Party">Progressive Canadian</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Stevens" title="Sinclair Stevens">Sinclair Stevens</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,476 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−1,314 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.03% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.01pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.03% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#FF6347; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Canada" title="Communist Party of Canada">Communist</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Figueroa" title="Miguel Figueroa">Miguel Figueroa</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">26 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,393 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+1,499 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.02% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+0.01pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.32% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#336033; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Animal_Protection_Party_of_Canada" title="Animal Protection Party of Canada">Animal Alliance</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Liz_White_(activist)" title="Liz White (activist)">Liz White</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,699 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+355 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.01% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.36% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#D2B48C; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Party_(Canada)" title="Marijuana Party (Canada)">Marijuana</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Blair_Longley" title="Blair Longley">Blair Longley</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,557 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−199 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.01% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">– </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.34% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#710039; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;">Democratic Advancement </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Stephen Garvey </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,187 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.01% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.62% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#71079F; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pirate_Party_of_Canada" title="Pirate Party of Canada">Pirate</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Roderick Lim </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">908 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−2,289 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.01% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.02pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.32% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#DC143C; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Action_Party" title="Canadian Action Party">Canadian Action</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Jeremy Arney </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">401 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−1,550 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.00% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.01pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.24% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#DCDCDC; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Canada_Party_(2015)" title="Canada Party (2015)">Canada Party</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Pankiw" title="Jim Pankiw">Jim Pankiw</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">271 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.00% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.72% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#DCDCDC; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;">Seniors </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Daniel J. Patton </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">157 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.00% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.29% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#DCDCDC; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_the_North" title="Alliance of the North">Alliance of the North</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">François Bélanger </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">136 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.00% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.22% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#DCDCDC; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_Party_of_Canada" title="The Bridge Party of Canada">Bridge</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/David_Berlin" title="David Berlin">David Berlin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">122 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.00% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.29% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#DCDCDC; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Accountability,_Competency_and_Transparency" title="Party for Accountability, Competency and Transparency">PACT</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Michael Nicula </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">91 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.00% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">* </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.17% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#DCDCDC; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;">United </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Bob Kesic </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">57 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−237 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.00% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">−0.00pp </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.10% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#FFFFFF; width: 16px">  </td> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Vacant </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td colspan="7" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:left;">Total </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1,792 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">308 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">308 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">338 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">338 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+9.74% </td> <td style="text-align:right;">100% </td> <td style="text-align:center;">17,591,468 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">+2,870,888 </td> <td style="text-align:center;">100% </td> <td style="text-align:center;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center;">100% </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;" colspan="15">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/res/rep/off/ovr2015app/home.html">Elections Canada</a> (Final results) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="notheme barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Popular vote</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Liberal</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#EA6D6A; width:39.47%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">39.47%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Conservative</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#6495ED; width:31.91%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">31.91%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">New Democratic</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#F4A460; width:19.73%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">19.73%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Bloc Québécois</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#87CEFA; width:4.67%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">4.67%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Green</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#99C955; width:3.43%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3.43%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Others</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#DCDCDC; width:0.79%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.79%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="margin:0; border:none;"><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0;"><div class="notheme barbox" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:600px; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Seat totals</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:410px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Liberal</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#EA6D6A; width:54.44%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">54.44%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Conservative</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#6495ED; width:29.29%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">29.29%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">New Democratic</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#F4A460; width:13.02%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">13.02%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Bloc Québécois</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#87CEFA; width:2.96%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">2.96%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Green</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:#99C955; width:0.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.3%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Elections to the 42nd Parliament of Canada – seats won/lost by party, 2011–2015 </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2" colspan="2">Party </th> <th rowspan="2">2011 (redist.) </th> <th colspan="5">Gain from (loss to) </th> <th rowspan="2">2015 </th></tr> <tr> <th bgcolor="#EA6D6A">Lib </th> <th bgcolor="#6495ED">Con </th> <th bgcolor="#F4A460">NDP </th> <th bgcolor="#87CEFA">BQ </th> <th bgcolor="#99C955">Grn </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#EA6D6A; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td>36</td> <td></td> <td>96</td> <td>51</td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td>184 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#6495ED; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td> <td>188</td> <td>(96)</td> <td></td> <td>(3)</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>99 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#F4A460; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </td> <td>109</td> <td>(51)</td> <td>3</td> <td></td> <td>(7)</td> <td></td> <td>44 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#87CEFA; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </td> <td>4</td> <td>(1)</td> <td></td> <td>7</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit;background:#99C955; width: 16px"> </td> <td style="width: 180px; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a> </td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>1 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:left;">Total</td> <td>338</td> <td>(148)</td> <td>99</td> <td>55</td> <td>(6)</td> <td></td> <td>338 </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Swing_(United_Kingdom)" title="Swing (United Kingdom)">Swing</a> analysis </td> <th>Conservative to Liberal</th> <th>NDP to Liberal</th> <th>NDP to Conservative </th></tr> <tr> <th>+14.15pp </th> <th>+15.74pp </th> <th>+1.60pp </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Results_by_province">Results by province</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Results by province">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="text-align:center;" colspan="3">Party name </th> <th style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">BC</a> </th> <th style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">AB</a> </th> <th style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan" title="Saskatchewan">SK</a> </th> <th style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Manitoba" title="Manitoba">MB</a> </th> <th style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">ON</a> </th> <th style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">QC</a> </th> <th style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/New_Brunswick" title="New Brunswick">NB</a> </th> <th style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">NS</a> </th> <th style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">PE</a> </th> <th style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Newfoundland and Labrador">NL</a> </th> <th style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Yukon" title="Yukon">YT</a> </th> <th style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">NT</a> </th> <th style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nunavut" title="Nunavut">NU</a> </th> <th style="text-align:center;">Total </th></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#EA6D6A" rowspan="2">     </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> </td> <td>Seats: </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">80 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">40 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">184 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vote: </td> <td style="text-align:right;">35.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">23.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">44.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">44.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">35.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">51.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">61.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">58.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">64.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">53.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">48.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">47.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">39.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#6495ED" rowspan="2">     </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> </td> <td>Seats: </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">29 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">33 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">12 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">99 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vote: </td> <td style="text-align:right;">30.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">59.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">48.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">37.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">35.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.7 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">25.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">31.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#F4A460" rowspan="2">     </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democratic</a> </td> <td>Seats: </td> <td style="text-align:right;">14 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">44 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vote: </td> <td style="text-align:right;">25.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">11.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">25.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">13.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">25.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">18.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">16.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">21.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">30.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">26.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#87CEFA" rowspan="2">     </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> </td> <td>Seats: </td> <td colspan="5" rowspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10 </td> <td colspan="7" rowspan="2" data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="text-align:right;">10 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vote: </td> <td style="text-align:right;">19.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#99C955" rowspan="2">     </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a> </td> <td>Seats: </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Vote: </td> <td style="text-align:right;">8.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.4 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.0 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">1.5 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#DCDCDC">     </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent and No Affiliation</a> </td> <td>Vote: </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.8 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.6 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.2 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.1 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.3 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.9 </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3">Total seats </td> <th style="text-align:right;">42 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">34 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">14 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">14 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">121 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">78 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">10 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">11 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">4 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">7 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">1 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">1 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">1 </th> <th style="text-align:right;">338 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Election_aftermath">Election aftermath</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Election aftermath">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2015_Canadian_election_pie_chart.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/2015_Canadian_election_pie_chart.svg/220px-2015_Canadian_election_pie_chart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/2015_Canadian_election_pie_chart.svg/330px-2015_Canadian_election_pie_chart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/2015_Canadian_election_pie_chart.svg/440px-2015_Canadian_election_pie_chart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Pie chart detailing the percentage of seats won in the House of Commons</figcaption></figure> Hours after conceding defeat on election night, incumbent Prime Minister Stephen Harper resigned as leader of the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative Party</a>, though he announced his intention to remain in the new parliament as a backbencher after being elected in the riding of <a href="/wiki/Calgary_Heritage" title="Calgary Heritage">Calgary Heritage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CTVHarper2015-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[94]</a> The Conservative caucus met on November 5, 2015, and elected former health minister and Alberta MP <a href="/wiki/Rona_Ambrose" title="Rona Ambrose">Rona Ambrose</a> as interim leader of the party, and hence, interim <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Official_Opposition_(Canada)" title="Leader of the Official Opposition (Canada)">Leader of the Official Opposition</a>.<a href="#cite_note-100">[95]</a> The next <a href="/wiki/2017_Conservative_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2017 Conservative Party of Canada leadership election">Conservative Party of Canada leadership election</a> was held on May 27, 2017.<a href="#cite_note-may27-101">[96]</a> Following his swearing in on November 4, 2015, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced that parliament would reconvene on December 3, 2015, with the <a href="/wiki/Speech_from_the_Throne" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech from the Throne">Speech from the Throne</a> to follow on December 4.<a href="#cite_note-ctvnews.ca-102">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commentary">Commentary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Commentary">edit</a>]</div> In the aftermath of the 2011 election, many pundits had characterized it as a <a href="/wiki/Political_realignment" title="Political realignment">realigning election</a>. <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Martin_(journalist)" title="Lawrence Martin (journalist)">Lawrence Martin</a>, commentator for The Globe and Mail said, "Harper has completed a remarkable reconstruction of a Canadian political landscape that endured for more than a century. The realignment saw both old parties of the moderate middle, the Progressive Conservatives and the Liberals, either eliminated or marginalized."<a href="#cite_note-103">[98]</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Coyne" title="Andrew Coyne">Andrew Coyne</a>, writing in Maclean's, said the election marked "an unprecedented realignment of Canadian politics" as "the Conservatives are now in a position to replace the Liberals as the <a href="/wiki/Natural_governing_party" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural governing party">natural governing party</a> in Canada."<a href="#cite_note-104">[99]</a> Despite the grim outlook and poor early poll numbers, when the 2015 election was held, the Liberals under Trudeau made an unprecedented comeback. Gaining 148 seats, they won a majority government for the first time since 2000.<a href="#cite_note-105">[100]</a> Chantal Hébert, writing in the Toronto Star, claimed the comeback was "headed straight for the history books" and that Harper's name would "forever be joined with that of his Liberal nemesis in Canada's electoral annals".<a href="#cite_note-106">[101]</a> Spencer McKay, writing for the National Post, suggested that "maybe we've witnessed a revival of Canada's 'natural governing party'".<a href="#cite_note-107">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_reactions">International reactions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: International reactions">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>: Foreign Ministry Deputy Director and Spokeswoman <a href="/wiki/Hua_Chunying" title="Hua Chunying">Hua Chunying</a> expressed hope on building on existing relations between Canada and China, stating "a sustainable and steady development of <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93China_relations" title="Canada–China relations">China–Canada relations</a>" will benefit both countries.<a href="#cite_note-TorStar_congratulations-108">[103]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>: German Ambassador to Canada Werner Wnendt said that his government welcomed Trudeau's commitment to restoring a <a href="/wiki/Multilateralism" title="Multilateralism">multilateral</a> foreign policy and "the traditional voice that Canada has had at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a> has been missed".<a href="#cite_note-109">[104]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>: Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> congratulated Trudeau by telephone where he reminisced about meeting Trudeau's family, expressed hope for further improvement of <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Canada–India relations">Canada–India relations</a>, and invited Trudeau to visit India.<a href="#cite_note-110">[105]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /> <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>: Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Matteo_Renzi" title="Matteo Renzi">Matteo Renzi</a> sent Trudeau a Twitter message wishing him luck and saying that he looked forward to them meeting at the <a href="/wiki/2015_G-20_Antalya_summit" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 G-20 Antalya summit">2015 G-20 Antalya summit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TorStar_congratulations-108">[103]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>: President <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Pe%C3%B1a_Nieto" title="Enrique Peña Nieto">Enrique Peña Nieto</a> congratulated Trudeau by telephone and tweeted that "Canada and Mexico have the opportunity to start a new chapter in their relationship".<a href="#cite_note-TorStar_congratulations-108">[103]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>: President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> congratulated Trudeau on the result in a telephone call where the two discussed <a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Canada–United States relations">Canada–United States relations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Pacific_Partnership" title="Trans-Pacific Partnership">Trans-Pacific Partnership</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/2015_United_Nations_Climate_Change_Conference" title="2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference">2015 climate change conference in Paris</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[106]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cabinet_appointments">Cabinet appointments</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Cabinet appointments">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/29th_Canadian_Ministry" title="29th Canadian Ministry">29th Canadian Ministry</a></div> On November 4, 2015, the following individuals were sworn in as cabinet ministers of the <a href="/wiki/29th_Canadian_Ministry" title="29th Canadian Ministry">29th Canadian Ministry</a>, in addition to Justin Trudeau as prime minister and <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Intergovernmental_Affairs_and_Youth_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Intergovernmental Affairs and Youth (Canada)">minister of Intergovernmental Affairs and Youth</a>:<a href="#cite_note-112">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-114">[109]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Safety_and_Emergency_Preparedness" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness">Public Safety</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Goodale" title="Ralph Goodale">Ralph Goodale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Agriculture_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Agriculture (Canada)">Agriculture and Agri-Food</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_MacAulay" title="Lawrence MacAulay">Lawrence MacAulay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Canada)" title="Minister of Foreign Affairs (Canada)">Foreign Affairs</a>: <a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Dion" title="Stéphane Dion">Stéphane Dion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Immigration,_Refugees_and_Citizenship" title="Minister of Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship">Immigration</a>: <a href="/wiki/John_McCallum" title="John McCallum">John McCallum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Indigenous_and_Northern_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Indigenous and Northern Affairs">Indigenous and Northern Affairs</a>: <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Bennett" title="Carolyn Bennett">Carolyn Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Treasury_Board" title="President of the Treasury Board">President of the Treasury Board</a>: <a href="/wiki/Scott_Brison" title="Scott Brison">Scott Brison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Government_in_the_House_of_Commons" class="mw-redirect" title="Leader of the Government in the House of Commons">Leader of the Government in the House of Commons</a>: <a href="/wiki/Dominic_LeBlanc" title="Dominic LeBlanc">Dominic LeBlanc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Innovation,_Science_and_Economic_Development" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Innovation, Science and Economic Development">Innovation, Science and Economic Development</a>: <a href="/wiki/Navdeep_Singh_Bains" class="mw-redirect" title="Navdeep Singh Bains">Navdeep Singh Bains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(Canada)" title="Minister of Finance (Canada)">Finance</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bill_Morneau" title="Bill Morneau">Bill Morneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Justice_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Justice (Canada)">Minister of Justice and Attorney General</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jody_Wilson-Raybould" title="Jody Wilson-Raybould">Jody Wilson-Raybould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Public_Services_and_Procurement" title="Minister of Public Services and Procurement">Public Services and Procurement</a>: <a href="/wiki/Judy_Foote" title="Judy Foote">Judy Foote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_International_Trade_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of International Trade (Canada)">International Trade</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chrystia_Freeland" title="Chrystia Freeland">Chrystia Freeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Health_(Canada)" title="Minister of Health (Canada)">Health</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jane_Philpott" title="Jane Philpott">Jane Philpott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Families,_Children_and_Social_Development" title="Minister of Families, Children and Social Development">Families, Children and Social Development</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jean-Yves_Duclos" title="Jean-Yves Duclos">Jean-Yves Duclos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Transport_(Canada)" title="Minister of Transport (Canada)">Transport</a>: <a href="/wiki/Marc_Garneau" title="Marc Garneau">Marc Garneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_International_Development_(Canada)" title="Minister of International Development (Canada)">International Development</a>: <a href="/wiki/Marie-Claude_Bibeau" title="Marie-Claude Bibeau">Marie-Claude Bibeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Natural_Resources_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Natural Resources (Canada)">Natural Resources</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jim_Carr" title="Jim Carr">Jim Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Canadian_Heritage" title="Minister of Canadian Heritage">Canadian Heritage</a>: <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lanie_Joly" title="Mélanie Joly">Mélanie Joly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Revenue_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of National Revenue (Canada)">Revenue</a>: <a href="/wiki/Diane_Lebouthillier" title="Diane Lebouthillier">Diane Lebouthillier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Veterans_Affairs_(Canada)" title="Minister of Veterans Affairs (Canada)">Veterans Affairs</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kent_Hehr" title="Kent Hehr">Kent Hehr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_the_Environment_and_Climate_Change_(Canada)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of the Environment and Climate Change (Canada)">Environment and Climate Change</a>: <a href="/wiki/Catherine_McKenna" title="Catherine McKenna">Catherine McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_National_Defence_(Canada)" title="Minister of National Defence (Canada)">National Defence</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harjit_Sajjan" title="Harjit Sajjan">Harjit Sajjan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Employment,_Workforce_Development_and_Disability_Inclusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Employment, Workforce Development and Disability Inclusion">Employment, Workforce and Labour</a>: <a href="/wiki/MaryAnn_Mihychuk" title="MaryAnn Mihychuk">MaryAnn Mihychuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Infrastructure_and_Communities" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Infrastructure and Communities">Infrastructure and Communities</a>: <a href="/wiki/Amarjeet_Sohi" title="Amarjeet Sohi">Amarjeet Sohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Democratic_Institutions" title="Minister of Democratic Institutions">Democratic Institutions</a>: <a href="/wiki/Maryam_Monsef" title="Maryam Monsef">Maryam Monsef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Sport_and_Persons_with_Disabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Sport and Persons with Disabilities">Sports and Persons with Disabilities</a>: <a href="/wiki/Carla_Qualtrough" title="Carla Qualtrough">Carla Qualtrough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Fisheries,_Oceans_and_the_Canadian_Coast_Guard" title="Minister of Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard">Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hunter_Tootoo" title="Hunter Tootoo">Hunter Tootoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_for_Science_(Canada)" title="Minister for Science (Canada)">Science</a>: <a href="/wiki/Kirsty_Duncan" title="Kirsty Duncan">Kirsty Duncan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Status_of_Women" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Status of Women">Status of Women</a>: <a href="/wiki/Patty_Hajdu" title="Patty Hajdu">Patty Hajdu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Small_Business_and_Tourism" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Small Business and Tourism">Small Business and Tourism</a>: <a href="/wiki/Bardish_Chagger" title="Bardish Chagger">Bardish Chagger</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/28px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/42px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/56px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fixed_election_dates_in_Canada" title="Fixed election dates in Canada">Fixed election dates in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_federal_general_elections" title="List of Canadian federal general elections">List of Canadian federal general elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Canada" title="List of political parties in Canada">List of political parties in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_by_riding_of_the_Canadian_federal_election,_2015" class="mw-redirect" title="Results by riding of the Canadian federal election, 2015">Results by riding of the Canadian federal election, 2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_election" title="2011 Bloc Québécois leadership election">2011 Bloc Québécois leadership election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_New_Democratic_Party_leadership_election" title="2012 New Democratic Party leadership election">2012 New Democratic Party leadership election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_Liberal_Party_of_Canada_leadership_election" title="2013 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election">2013 Liberal Party of Canada leadership election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_leadership_election" title="2014 Bloc Québécois leadership election">2014 Bloc Québécois leadership election</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> The party totals are theoretical. They are the transposition of the 2011 district results redistributed to the new districts formed in 2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> Includes Liberal candidate Cheryl Thomas from <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(British_Columbia_federal_electoral_district)" title="Victoria (British Columbia federal electoral district)">Victoria</a>, who publicly withdrew from the election after the final list of candidates was released and thus remained on the ballot as the Liberal candidate. </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> Includes Conservative candidate Jagdish Grewal from <a href="/wiki/Mississauga%E2%80%94Malton_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Mississauga—Malton (federal electoral district)">Mississauga—Malton</a>, who was expelled by the Conservative Party after the final list of candidates was released and thus remained on the ballot as the Conservative candidate. </li> <li id="cite_note-jnm-97">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jnm_97-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-jnm_97-1">b</a> Does not include <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_N%C3%BA%C3%B1ez-Melo" title="José Núñez-Melo">José Núñez-Melo</a>, an incumbent MP who was denied the NDP nomination in <a href="/wiki/Vimy_(electoral_district)" title="Vimy (electoral district)">Vimy</a> after the writ was dropped, and subsequently announced he was running as a Green candidate. </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> Does not include <a href="/wiki/Montcalm_(federal_electoral_district)" title="Montcalm (federal electoral district)">Montcalm</a> MP <a href="/wiki/Manon_Perreault" title="Manon Perreault">Manon Perreault</a>, who sat as an independent before the writ was dropped, after which she announced her candidacy for Strength in Democracy. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link 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Retrieved September 29, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=%27Peegate%27+memes+flood+Twitter+after+Tory+candidate+caught+urinating+in+mug&rft.date=2015-09-07&rft.au=Haydn+Watters&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcanada-election-2015-peegate-jerry-bance-1.3218157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2015+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-tim-dutaud-conservative-candidate-unicaller-1.3218162">"Tim Dutaud 2nd Conservative candidate dropped over embarrassing videos"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. September 7, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150928102441/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-tim-dutaud-conservative-candidate-unicaller-1.3218162">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2015. Retrieved September 29, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Tim+Dutaud+2nd+Conservative+candidate+dropped+over+embarrassing+videos&rft.date=2015-09-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcanada-election-2015-tim-dutaud-conservative-candidate-unicaller-1.3218162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2015+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-blair-dale-newfoundland-cpc-1.3229260">"Conservative candidate Blair Dale dropped after remarks about women, abortion surface"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. September 15, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150918020845/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-blair-dale-newfoundland-cpc-1.3229260">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2015. Retrieved September 29, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Conservative+candidate+Blair+Dale+dropped+after+remarks+about+women%2C+abortion+surface&rft.date=2015-09-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcanada-election-2015-blair-dale-newfoundland-cpc-1.3229260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2015+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CBC_News_2015-09-17-60"><a href="#cite_ref-CBC_News_2015-09-17_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/trending/canada-election-2015-globe-debate-weird-moments-1.3233233">"'Old stock Canadians,' egg timer, creepy set top debate's odd moments Moderator David Walmsley's Irish accent and a ringing bell get reaction on social media"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. 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Retrieved September 21, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=%27Old-stock+Canadians%27+are+those+already+here%2C+says+Harper+spokesman&rft.date=2015-09-18&rft.au=Muise%2C+Monique&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F2228095%2Fold-stock-canadians-are-those-already-here-says-harper-spokesman%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2015+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichard_Woodbury2015" class="citation news cs1">Richard Woodbury (October 1, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/robert-strickland-conservative-candidate-facebook-1.3251729">"Robert Strickland, Conservative candidate, skewered over Facebook comments"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151002132859/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/robert-strickland-conservative-candidate-facebook-1.3251729">Archived</a> from the original on October 2, 2015. 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August 10, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150916192715/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/morgan-wheeldon-kings-hants-ndp-candidate-resigns-over-israel-comments-1.3185485">Archived</a> from the original on September 16, 2015. Retrieved September 29, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Morgan+Wheeldon%2C+Kings-Hants+NDP+candidate%2C+resigns+over+Israel+comments&rft.date=2015-08-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fnova-scotia%2Fmorgan-wheeldon-kings-hants-ndp-candidate-resigns-over-israel-comments-1.3185485&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2015+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColin_Perkel2015" class="citation news cs1">Colin Perkel (September 8, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-shawn-dearn-ndp-mulcair-twitter-apology-1.3220283">"Senior NDP aide to Tom Mulcair apologized for tweets targeting Catholic Church"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150917064538/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-election-2015-shawn-dearn-ndp-mulcair-twitter-apology-1.3220283">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2015. 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The Canadian Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151022184153/http://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/mulcair-apologizes-for-1996-newfie-remark-at-campaign-stop-in-n-l-1.2572207">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2015. Retrieved October 13, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CTV+News&rft.atitle=Mulcair+apologizes+for+1996+%27Newfie%27+remark+at+campaign+stop+in+N.L.&rft.date=2015-09-20&rft.aulast=Pedwell&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Fmulcair-apologizes-for-1996-newfie-remark-at-campaign-stop-in-n-l-1.2572207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2015+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaj2015" class="citation web cs1">Raj, Althia (September 19, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/2015/09/19/winnipeg-centre-pat-martin-robert-falcon-ouellette-_n_8164126.html">"Here's Where The NDP-Liberal Battle Could Get Nastiest"</a>. 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The Globe and Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150922135522/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/politics/ndp-incumbent-pat-martin-apologizes-for-offensive-language/article26457675/">Archived</a> from the original on September 22, 2015. 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Retrieved October 23, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News+and+Events&rft.atitle=PM+Modi+speaks+to+Mr.+Trudeau+%E2%80%93+invites+him+to+visit+India&rft.date=2015-10-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hciottawa.ca%2Fpress_detail.php%3Fnid%3D61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2015+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/10/20/readout-presidents-call-prime-minister-designate-justin-trudeau-canada">"Readout of the President's Call with Prime Minister-Designate Justin Trudeau of Canada"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Whitehouse.gov" title="Whitehouse.gov">whitehouse.gov</a>. October 20, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170216140405/https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/10/20/readout-presidents-call-prime-minister-designate-justin-trudeau-canada">Archived</a> from the original on February 16, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2015 – via <a href="/wiki/NARA" class="mw-redirect" title="NARA">National Archives</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=whitehouse.gov&rft.atitle=Readout+of+the+President%27s+Call+with+Prime+Minister-Designate+Justin+Trudeau+of+Canada&rft.date=2015-10-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fobamawhitehouse.archives.gov%2Fthe-press-office%2F2015%2F10%2F20%2Freadout-presidents-call-prime-minister-designate-justin-trudeau-canada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2015+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2015" class="citation web cs1">Harris, Kathleen (November 4, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-trudeau-liberal-cabinet-ministers-1.3302743">"Justin Trudeau signals new style in 1st address as Canada's 23rd prime minister"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151104221759/http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/canada-trudeau-liberal-cabinet-ministers-1.3302743">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2015. Retrieved November 4, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Justin+Trudeau+signals+new+style+in+1st+address+as+Canada%27s+23rd+prime+minister&rft.date=2015-11-04&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Kathleen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Fcanada-trudeau-liberal-cabinet-ministers-1.3302743&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2015+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.680news.com/2015/11/04/members-of-prime-minister-justin-trudeaus-new-cabinet-sworn-in/">"Members of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau's new cabinet sworn in"</a>. 680 NEWS. November 4, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151106233846/http://www.680news.com/2015/11/04/members-of-prime-minister-justin-trudeaus-new-cabinet-sworn-in/">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2015. Retrieved November 4, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=680+NEWS&rft.atitle=Members+of+Prime+Minister+Justin+Trudeau%27s+new+cabinet+sworn+in&rft.date=2015-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.680news.com%2F2015%2F11%2F04%2Fmembers-of-prime-minister-justin-trudeaus-new-cabinet-sworn-in%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2015+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/full-list-of-justin-trudeau-s-cabinet-1.3300699">"Full list of Justin Trudeau's cabinet"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. November 4, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403163026/https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/full-list-of-justin-trudeau-s-cabinet-1.3300699">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2019. Retrieved November 4, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CBC+News&rft.atitle=Full+list+of+Justin+Trudeau%27s+cabinet&rft.date=2015-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fpolitics%2Ffull-list-of-justin-trudeau-s-cabinet-1.3300699&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2015+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPammettDornan2016" class="citation book cs1">Pammett, Jon H.; Dornan, Christopher, eds. (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ONEkCgAAQBAJ&pg=PP1">The Canadian Federal Election of 2015</a>. Toronto: Dundurn Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4597-3334-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4597-3334-3"><bdi>978-1-4597-3334-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210414045244/https://books.google.com/books?id=ONEkCgAAQBAJ&pg=PP1">Archived</a> from the original on April 14, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Federal+Election+of+2015&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=Dundurn+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4597-3334-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DONEkCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2015+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMacNeilPaterson2016" class="citation journal cs1">MacNeil, Robert; Paterson, Matthew (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/this-changes-everything-canadian-climate-policy-and-the-2015-election(f16abdc7-0d6f-4d7d-a416-9cc41a6c1d4d).html">"This changes everything? Canadian climate policy and the 2015 election"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Environmental_Politics_(journal)" title="Environmental Politics (journal)">Environmental Politics</a>. 25 (3): 553–557. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EnvPo..25..553M">2016EnvPo..25..553M</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09644016.2016.1140280">10.1080/09644016.2016.1140280</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155153475">155153475</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200907143236/https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/this-changes-everything-canadian-climate-policy-and-the-2015-election(f16abdc7-0d6f-4d7d-a416-9cc41a6c1d4d).html">Archived</a> from the original on September 7, 2020. Retrieved October 26, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Environmental+Politics&rft.atitle=This+changes+everything%3F+Canadian+climate+policy+and+the+2015+election&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=553-557&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155153475%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09644016.2016.1140280&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016EnvPo..25..553M&rft.aulast=MacNeil&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft.au=Paterson%2C+Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.research.manchester.ac.uk%2Fportal%2Fen%2Fpublications%2Fthis-changes-everything-canadian-climate-policy-and-the-2015-election%28f16abdc7-0d6f-4d7d-a416-9cc41a6c1d4d%29.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2015+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarlandGiasson2015" class="citation book cs1">Marland, Alex; Giasson, Thierry, eds. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ubcpress.ca/asset/1712/election-analysis2015-final-v3-web-copy.pdf">Canadian Election Analysis: Communication, Strategy and Democracy</a> (PDF). UBC Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210503140146/https://www.ubcpress.ca/asset/1712/election-analysis2015-final-v3-web-copy.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on May 3, 2021. Retrieved May 3, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Canadian+Election+Analysis%3A+Communication%2C+Strategy+and+Democracy&rft.pub=UBC+Press&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ubcpress.ca%2Fasset%2F1712%2Felection-analysis2015-final-v3-web-copy.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2015+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarland2016" class="citation journal cs1">Marland, Alex (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ojs.unbc.ca/index.php/cpsr/article/download/1302/1148">"The 2015 Newfoundland and Labrador Election: Liberals Have a Ball as PC Party Suffers from Post-Williams Hangover"</a>. Canadian Political Science Review. 9 (3): 72–98. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.24124%2Fc677%2F20151302">10.24124/c677/20151302</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180423001440/https://ojs.unbc.ca/index.php/cpsr/article/download/1302/1148">Archived</a> from the original on April 23, 2018. Retrieved September 30, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Political+Science+Review&rft.atitle=The+2015+Newfoundland+and+Labrador+Election%3A+Liberals+Have+a+Ball+as+PC+Party+Suffers+from+Post-Williams+Hangover&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=72-98&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.24124%2Fc677%2F20151302&rft.aulast=Marland&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fojs.unbc.ca%2Findex.php%2Fcpsr%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F1302%2F1148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2015+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer2016" class="citation journal cs1">Palmer, Bryan D. (2016). "Snatching Defeat from the Jaws of Victory: The New Democratic Party and the Canadian Elections". <a href="/wiki/New_Labor_Forum" title="New Labor Forum">New Labor Forum</a>. 25 (1): 87–94. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1095796015620147">10.1177/1095796015620147</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:157729157">157729157</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Labor+Forum&rft.atitle=Snatching+Defeat+from+the+Jaws+of+Victory%3A+The+New+Democratic+Party+and+the+Canadian+Elections&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=87-94&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1095796015620147&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A157729157%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Bryan+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2015+Canadian+federal+election" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=2015_Canadian_federal_election&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elections.ca/">Elections Canada</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canadian_federal_election,_2015A" title="Template:Canadian federal election, 2015A"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canadian_federal_election,_2015A" title="Template talk:Canadian federal election, 2015A"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian_federal_election,_2015A" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canadian federal election, 2015A"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="2015_Canadian_federal_election" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2015 Canadian federal election</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Outgoing: <a href="/wiki/41st_Canadian_Parliament" title="41st Canadian Parliament">Conservative majority</a></li> <li>Result: <a href="/wiki/42nd_Canadian_Parliament" title="42nd Canadian Parliament">Liberal majority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois" title="Bloc Québécois">Bloc Québécois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Duceppe" title="Gilles Duceppe">Gilles Duceppe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloc_Qu%C3%A9b%C3%A9cois_candidates_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Bloc Québécois candidates in the 2015 Canadian federal election">candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Heritage_Party_of_Canada" title="Christian Heritage Party of Canada">Christian Heritage</a> <ul><li>Rod Taylor, <a href="/wiki/Christian_Heritage_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Christian Heritage Party of Canada candidates in the 2015 Canadian federal election">candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada" title="Conservative Party of Canada">Conservative</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Harper" title="Stephen Harper">Stephen Harper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Conservative Party of Canada candidates in the 2015 Canadian federal election">candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada" title="Green Party of Canada">Green</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_May" title="Elizabeth May">Elizabeth May</a>, <a href="/wiki/Green_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Green Party of Canada candidates in the 2015 Canadian federal election">candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada" title="Liberal Party of Canada">Liberal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Canada_candidates_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Liberal Party of Canada candidates in the 2015 Canadian federal election">candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party" title="New Democratic Party">New Democrats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Mulcair" title="Tom Mulcair">Tom Mulcair</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Democratic_Party_candidates_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="New Democratic Party candidates in the 2015 Canadian federal election">candidates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strength_in_Democracy" title="Strength in Democracy">Strength in Democracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Fortin_(politician)" title="Jean-François Fortin (politician)">Jean-François Fortin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strength_in_Democracy_candidates_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Strength in Democracy candidates in the 2015 Canadian federal election">candidates</a></li></ul></li></ul> Bold indicates parties with members elected to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_Canada" title="House of Commons of Canada">House of Commons</a>. </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Results of the 2015 Canadian federal election">Results overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Results_of_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election_by_riding" title="Results of the 2015 Canadian federal election by riding">Results by riding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_who_stood_down_at_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="List of MPs who stood down at the 2015 Canadian federal election">MPs who stood down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_MPs_who_lost_their_seat_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="List of MPs who lost their seat in the 2015 Canadian federal election">MPs who lost their seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper_endorsements_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Newspaper endorsements in the 2015 Canadian federal election">Newspaper endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endorsements_from_individuals_and_organizations_in_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Endorsements from individuals and organizations in the 2015 Canadian federal election">Other endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Opinion polling for the 2015 Canadian federal election">Opinion polling</a> (<a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_for_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election_by_constituency" title="Opinion polling for the 2015 Canadian federal election by constituency">by constituency</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2015_Canadian_federal_election" title="Timeline of the 2015 Canadian federal election">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Canadian_federal_election_results_by_region" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canada_macroriding" title="Template:Canada macroriding"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canada_macroriding" title="Template talk:Canada macroriding"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canada_macroriding" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canada macroriding"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Canadian_federal_election_results_by_region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Canada" title="Elections in Canada">Canadian federal election results by region</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_on_Vancouver_Island" title="Canadian federal election results on Vancouver Island">Vancouver Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Greater_Vancouver_and_the_Sunshine_Coast" title="Canadian federal election results in Greater Vancouver and the Sunshine Coast">Greater Vancouver and the Sunshine Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_the_Fraser_Valley_and_the_Southern_Lower_Mainland" title="Canadian federal election results in the Fraser Valley and the Southern Lower Mainland">Fraser Valley and the Southern Lower Mainland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_the_British_Columbia_Interior" title="Canadian federal election results in the British Columbia Interior">BC Interior</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Calgary" title="Canadian federal election results in Calgary">Calgary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Edmonton_and_environs" title="Canadian federal election results in Edmonton and environs">Edmonton and Environs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_rural_Alberta" title="Canadian federal election results in rural Alberta">Rural Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Northern_Saskatchewan" title="Canadian federal election results in Northern Saskatchewan">Northern Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Southern_Saskatchewan" title="Canadian federal election results in Southern Saskatchewan">Southern Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Rural_Manitoba" title="Canadian federal election results in Rural Manitoba">Rural Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Winnipeg" title="Canadian federal election results in Winnipeg">Winnipeg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Northern_Ontario" title="Canadian federal election results in Northern Ontario">Northern Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Southwestern_Ontario" title="Canadian federal election results in Southwestern Ontario">Southwestern Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Midwestern_Ontario" title="Canadian federal election results in Midwestern Ontario">Midwestern Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Hamilton,_Burlington_and_Niagara" title="Canadian federal election results in Hamilton, Burlington and Niagara">Hamilton, Burlington and Niagara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Brampton,_Mississauga_and_Oakville" title="Canadian federal election results in Brampton, Mississauga and Oakville">Brampton, Mississauga and Oakville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Central_Toronto" title="Canadian federal election results in Central Toronto">Central Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Suburban_Toronto" title="Canadian federal election results in Suburban Toronto">Suburban Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Southern_Durham_and_York" title="Canadian federal election results in Southern Durham and York">Southern Durham and York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Central_Ontario" title="Canadian federal election results in Central Ontario">Central Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Eastern_Ontario" title="Canadian federal election results in Eastern Ontario">Eastern Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Ottawa" title="Canadian federal election results in Ottawa">Ottawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_the_Laurentides,_Outaouais_and_Northern_Quebec" title="Canadian federal election results in the Laurentides, Outaouais and Northern Quebec">Laurentides, Outaouais and Northern Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Laval" title="Canadian federal election results in Laval">Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Northern_Montreal" title="Canadian federal election results in Northern Montreal">Northern Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Western_Montreal" title="Canadian federal election results in Western Montreal">Western Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Eastern_Montreal" title="Canadian federal election results in Eastern Montreal">Eastern Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Mont%C3%A9r%C3%A9gie" title="Canadian federal election results in Montérégie">Montérégie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_the_Eastern_Townships" title="Canadian federal election results in the Eastern Townships">Eastern Townships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Central_Quebec" title="Canadian federal election results in Central Quebec">Central Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Quebec_City" title="Canadian federal election results in Quebec City">Quebec City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_the_C%C3%B4te-Nord_and_Saguenay" title="Canadian federal election results in the Côte-Nord and Saguenay">Côte-Nord and Saguenay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Eastern_Quebec" title="Canadian federal election results in Eastern Quebec">Eastern Quebec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_New_Brunswick" title="Canadian federal election results in New Brunswick">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Nova_Scotia" title="Canadian federal election results in Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Canadian federal election results in Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_federal_election_results_in_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Canadian federal election results in Newfoundland and Labrador">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Northern Canada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yukon_(electoral_district)" title="Yukon (electoral district)">Yukon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories_(electoral_district)" title="Northwest Territories (electoral district)">Northwest Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nunavut_(electoral_district)" title="Nunavut (electoral district)">Nunavut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Elections_in_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Elections_in_Canada" title="Template:Elections in Canada"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Elections_in_Canada" title="Template talk:Elections in Canada"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Elections_in_Canada" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Elections in Canada"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Elections_in_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Canada" title="Elections in Canada">Elections in Canada</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Most recent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021 federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Alberta_general_election" title="2023 Alberta general election">2023 Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_British_Columbia_general_election" title="2024 British Columbia general election">2024 British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Manitoba_general_election" title="2023 Manitoba general election">2023 Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_New_Brunswick_general_election" title="2024 New Brunswick general election">2024 New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Newfoundland_and_Labrador_general_election" title="2021 Newfoundland and Labrador general election">2021 Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Northwest_Territories_general_election" title="2023 Northwest Territories general election">2023 Northwest Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Nova_Scotia_general_election" title="2024 Nova Scotia general election">2024 Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Nunavut_general_election" title="2021 Nunavut general election">2021 Nunavut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Ontario_general_election" title="2022 Ontario general election">2022 Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Prince_Edward_Island_general_election" title="2023 Prince Edward Island general election">2023 Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Quebec_general_election" title="2022 Quebec general election">2022 Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Saskatchewan_general_election" title="2024 Saskatchewan general election">2024 Saskatchewan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Yukon_general_election" title="2021 Yukon general election">2021 Yukon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Canada#Provincial_and_territorial" title="Elections in Canada">Provincial summary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future elections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2025_Canadian_federal_election" title="2025 Canadian federal election">Federal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_44th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 44th Canadian Parliament">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/32nd_Alberta_general_election" title="32nd Alberta general election">Alberta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=44th_British_Columbia_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="44th British Columbia general election (page does not exist)">British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_Manitoba_general_election" title="44th Manitoba general election">Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=42nd_New_Brunswick_general_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="42nd New Brunswick general election (page does not exist)">New Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52nd_Newfoundland_and_Labrador_general_election" title="52nd Newfoundland and Labrador general election">Newfoundland and Labrador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Northwest_Territories_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Next Northwest Territories general election">Northwest Territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Nova_Scotia_general_election" title="2024 Nova Scotia general election">Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Next_Nunavut_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Next Nunavut general election">Nunavut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_Ontario_general_election" title="44th Ontario general election">Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/68th_Prince_Edward_Island_general_election" title="68th Prince Edward Island general election">Prince Edward Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/44th_Quebec_general_election" title="44th Quebec general election">Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/40th_Yukon_general_election" title="40th Yukon general election">Yukon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Canadian_elections" title="Timeline of Canadian elections">Amalgamated timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_federal_general_elections" title="List of Canadian federal general elections">Federal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_by-elections_in_Canada" title="List of federal by-elections in Canada">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alberta_general_elections" title="List of Alberta general elections">AB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alberta_by-elections" title="List of Alberta by-elections">by-elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberta_Senate_nominee_elections" title="Alberta Senate nominee elections">Senate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Columbia_general_elections" title="List of British Columbia general elections">BC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Columbia_by-elections" title="List of British Columbia by-elections">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Manitoba_general_elections" title="List of Manitoba general elections">MB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Manitoba_by-elections" title="List of Manitoba by-elections">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_post-confederation_New_Brunswick_general_elections" title="List of post-confederation New Brunswick general elections">NB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Brunswick_by-elections" title="List of New Brunswick by-elections">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador_general_elections" title="List of Newfoundland and Labrador general elections">NL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador_by-elections" title="List of Newfoundland and Labrador by-elections">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Northwest_Territories_general_elections" title="List of Northwest Territories general elections">NT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Northwest_Territories_by-elections" title="List of Northwest Territories by-elections">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_post-confederation_Nova_Scotia_general_elections" title="List of post-confederation Nova Scotia general elections">NS</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nova_Scotia_by-elections" title="List of Nova Scotia by-elections">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nunavut_general_elections" title="List of Nunavut general elections">NU</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nunavut_by-elections" title="List of Nunavut by-elections">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ontario_general_elections" title="List of Ontario general elections">ON</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ontario_by-elections" title="List of Ontario by-elections">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_post-confederation_Prince_Edward_Island_general_elections" title="List of post-confederation Prince Edward Island general elections">PE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prince_Edward_Island_by-elections" title="List of Prince Edward Island by-elections">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Quebec_general_elections" title="List of Quebec general elections">QC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Quebec_by-elections" title="List of Quebec by-elections">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Saskatchewan_general_elections" title="List of Saskatchewan general elections">SK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Saskatchewan_by-elections" title="List of Saskatchewan by-elections">by-elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yukon_general_elections" title="List of Yukon general elections">YT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yukon_by-elections" title="List of Yukon by-elections">by-elections</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Electoral districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_electoral_districts" title="List of Canadian electoral districts">Federal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alberta_provincial_electoral_districts" title="List of Alberta provincial electoral districts">AB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_Columbia_provincial_electoral_districts" title="List of British Columbia provincial electoral districts">BC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Manitoba_provincial_electoral_districts" title="List of Manitoba provincial electoral districts">MB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_New_Brunswick_provincial_electoral_districts" title="List of New Brunswick provincial electoral districts">NB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador_provincial_electoral_districts" title="List of Newfoundland and Labrador provincial electoral districts">NL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nova_Scotia_provincial_electoral_districts" title="List of Nova Scotia provincial electoral districts">NS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Northwest_Territories_territorial_electoral_districts" title="List of Northwest Territories territorial electoral districts">NT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Nunavut_territorial_electoral_districts" title="List of Nunavut territorial electoral districts">NU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ontario_provincial_electoral_districts" title="List of Ontario provincial electoral districts">ON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Prince_Edward_Island_provincial_electoral_districts" title="List of Prince Edward Island provincial electoral districts">PE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Quebec_provincial_electoral_districts" title="List of Quebec provincial electoral districts">QC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Saskatchewan_provincial_electoral_districts" title="List of Saskatchewan provincial electoral districts">SK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Yukon_territorial_electoral_districts" title="List of Yukon territorial electoral districts">YT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">System</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_electoral_system" title="Canadian electoral system">Canadian electoral system</a></li> <li>Legislation <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canada_Elections_Act" title="Canada Elections Act">Canada Elections Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_Modernization_Act" title="Elections Modernization Act">Elections Modernization Act</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_Canada" title="Elections Canada">Elections Canada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Electoral_Officer_of_Canada" title="Chief Electoral Officer of Canada">Chief Electoral Officer of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Electors" title="National Register of Electors">National Register of Electors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Register_of_Electors" title="International Register of Electors">International Register of Electors</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_House_of_Commons_Special_Committee_on_Electoral_Reform" title="Canadian House of Commons Special Committee on Electoral Reform">Electoral reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_(Canada)" title="Electoral district (Canada)">Electoral district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixed_election_dates_in_Canada" title="Fixed election dates in Canada">Fixed election dates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_3_of_the_Canadian_Charter_of_Rights_and_Freedoms" title="Section 3 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms">Rights and freedoms</a></li> <li>Voting <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronic_voting_in_Canada" title="Electronic voting in Canada">Electronic voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Vote_Canada" title="Fair Vote Canada">Fair Vote Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout_in_Canada" title="Voter turnout in Canada">Voter turnout</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/14px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/21px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/28px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/16px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/24px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/32px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Federal_elections_and_referendums_in_Canada" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Canada_elections" title="Template:Canada elections"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Canada_elections" title="Template talk:Canada elections"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Canada_elections" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Canada elections"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Federal_elections_and_referendums_in_Canada" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Federal <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Canada" title="Elections in Canada">elections</a> and <a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Canada" title="Referendums in Canada">referendums</a> in Canada</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_federal_general_elections" title="List of Canadian federal general elections">General elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1867_Canadian_federal_election" title="1867 Canadian federal election">1867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_Canadian_federal_election" title="1872 Canadian federal election">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_Canadian_federal_election" title="1874 Canadian federal election">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1878_Canadian_federal_election" title="1878 Canadian federal election">1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1882_Canadian_federal_election" title="1882 Canadian federal election">1882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1887_Canadian_federal_election" title="1887 Canadian federal election">1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1891_Canadian_federal_election" title="1891 Canadian federal election">1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_Canadian_federal_election" title="1896 Canadian federal election">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1900_Canadian_federal_election" title="1900 Canadian federal election">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_Canadian_federal_election" title="1904 Canadian federal election">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_Canadian_federal_election" title="1908 Canadian federal election">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_Canadian_federal_election" title="1911 Canadian federal election">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_Canadian_federal_election" title="1917 Canadian federal election">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921_Canadian_federal_election" title="1921 Canadian federal election">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_Canadian_federal_election" title="1925 Canadian federal election">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_Canadian_federal_election" title="1926 Canadian federal election">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1930_Canadian_federal_election" title="1930 Canadian federal election">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_Canadian_federal_election" title="1935 Canadian federal election">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1940_Canadian_federal_election" title="1940 Canadian federal election">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_Canadian_federal_election" title="1945 Canadian federal election">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_Canadian_federal_election" title="1949 Canadian federal election">1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_Canadian_federal_election" title="1953 Canadian federal election">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_Canadian_federal_election" title="1957 Canadian federal election">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_Canadian_federal_election" title="1958 Canadian federal election">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_Canadian_federal_election" title="1962 Canadian federal election">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_Canadian_federal_election" title="1963 Canadian federal election">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_Canadian_federal_election" title="1965 Canadian federal election">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_Canadian_federal_election" title="1968 Canadian federal election">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_Canadian_federal_election" title="1972 Canadian federal election">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_Canadian_federal_election" title="1974 Canadian federal election">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_Canadian_federal_election" title="1979 Canadian federal election">1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Canadian_federal_election" title="1980 Canadian federal election">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_Canadian_federal_election" title="1984 Canadian federal election">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_Canadian_federal_election" title="1988 Canadian federal election">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_Canadian_federal_election" title="1993 Canadian federal election">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Canadian_federal_election" title="1997 Canadian federal election">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000_Canadian_federal_election" title="2000 Canadian federal election">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Canadian_federal_election" title="2004 Canadian federal election">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_Canadian_federal_election" title="2006 Canadian federal election">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Canadian_federal_election" title="2008 Canadian federal election">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_federal_election" title="2011 Canadian federal election">2011</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Canadian_federal_election" title="2019 Canadian federal election">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_federal_election" title="2021 Canadian federal election">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_Canadian_federal_election" title="2025 Canadian federal election">2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_by-elections_in_Canada" title="List of federal by-elections in Canada">By-elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_1st_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 1st Canadian Parliament">1st (1867–1872)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_2nd_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 2nd Canadian Parliament">2nd (1873–1874)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_3rd_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 3rd Canadian Parliament">3rd (1874–1878)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_4th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 4th Canadian Parliament">4th (1879–1882)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_5th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 5th Canadian Parliament">5th (1883–1887)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_6th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 6th Canadian Parliament">6th (1887–1891)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_7th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 7th Canadian Parliament">7th (1891–1896)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_8th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 8th Canadian Parliament">8th (1896–1900)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_9th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 9th Canadian Parliament">9th (1901–1904)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_10th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 10th Canadian Parliament">10th (1905–1908)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_11th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 11th Canadian Parliament">11th (1909–1911)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_12th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 12th Canadian Parliament">12th (1911–1917)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_13th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 13th Canadian Parliament">13th (1918–1921)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_14th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 14th Canadian Parliament">14th (1921–1925)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_15th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 15th Canadian Parliament">15th (1926)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_16th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 16th Canadian Parliament">16th (1926–1930)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_17th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 17th Canadian Parliament">17th (1930–1935)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_18th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 18th Canadian Parliament">18th (1936–1940)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_19th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 19th Canadian Parliament">19th (1940–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_20th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 20th Canadian Parliament">20th (1945–1949)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_21st_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 21st Canadian Parliament">21st (1949–1953)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_22nd_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 22nd Canadian Parliament">22nd (1953–1957)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_23rd_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 23rd Canadian Parliament">23rd (1957–1958)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_24th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 24th Canadian Parliament">24th (1958–1962)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-election_to_the_25th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-election to the 25th Canadian Parliament">25th (1962–1963)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_26th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 26th Canadian Parliament">26th (1963–1965)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_27th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 27th Canadian Parliament">27th (1965–1968)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_28th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 28th Canadian Parliament">28th (1968–1972)</a></li> <li>29th (1973–1974; no by-elections)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_30th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 30th Canadian Parliament">30th (1974–1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_31st_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 31st Canadian Parliament">31st (1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_32nd_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 32nd Canadian Parliament">32nd (1980–1984)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_33rd_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 33rd Canadian Parliament">33rd (1984–1988)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_34th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 34th Canadian Parliament">34th (1988–1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_35th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 35th Canadian Parliament">35th (1994–1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_36th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 36th Canadian Parliament">36th (1997–2000)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_37th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 37th Canadian Parliament">37th (2000–2004)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_38th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 38th Canadian Parliament">38th (2004–2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_39th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 39th Canadian Parliament">39th (2006–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_40th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 40th Canadian Parliament">40th (2008–2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_41st_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 41st Canadian Parliament">41st (2011–2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_42nd_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 42nd Canadian Parliament">42nd (2015–2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_43rd_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 43rd Canadian Parliament">43rd (2019–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_44th_Canadian_Parliament" title="By-elections to the 44th Canadian Parliament">44th (2021–present)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Referendums_in_Canada" title="Referendums in Canada">Referendums</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1898_Canadian_prohibition_plebiscite" title="1898 Canadian prohibition plebiscite">1898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_Canadian_conscription_plebiscite" title="1942 Canadian conscription plebiscite">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlottetown_Accord" title="Charlottetown Accord">1992</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a 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