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lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p>The <b>Kalbids</b> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">بنو كلب</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Banū Kalb</i></span>) were a <a href="/wiki/Muslim_Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim Arab">Muslim Arab</a> dynasty which ruled the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Sicily">Emirate of Sicily</a> from 948 to 1053. They were formally appointed by the <a href="/wiki/Fatimids" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatimids">Fatimids</a>, but gained, progressively, <i>de facto</i> autonomous rule. </p><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Kalbids<br><div style="display:inline;" class="nickname" lang="Arabic">بنو كلب</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Emirs</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Emirate of Sicily">Emirate of Sicily</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">948</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasan_ibn_Ali_al-Kalbi" title="Al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Kalbi">Al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Kalbi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Final ruler</th><td class="infobox-data">Hasan as-Samsam</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Titles</th><td class="infobox-data">Emir of Sicily</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dissolution</th><td class="infobox-data">1053</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Italy_1000_AD.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Italy_1000_AD.svg/300px-Italy_1000_AD.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="431" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Italy_1000_AD.svg/450px-Italy_1000_AD.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Italy_1000_AD.svg/600px-Italy_1000_AD.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="565" data-file-height="811"></a><figcaption>Italy in 1000 <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Family_origins"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Family origins</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Social_and_economic_policies"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Social and economic policies</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Rulers"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Rulers</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Sources"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Sources</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Family_origins">Family origins</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kalbids&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Family origins" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>The Kalbids descended from the Arab tribe of <a href="/wiki/Banu_Kalb" title="Banu Kalb">Banu Kalb</a>, members of which frequently served as governors, administrators and high-ranking officials in <a href="/wiki/Ifriqiya" title="Ifriqiya">Ifriqiya</a> (central North Africa) during the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a> period (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 670s</span>–750). During the rule of the <a href="/wiki/Aghlabids" class="mw-redirect" title="Aghlabids">Aghlabids</a> in Ifriqiya (800–909), the fortunes of the Kalb declined as the rulers there favored the tribe's rivals from the <a href="/wiki/Qays" title="Qays">Qays</a>–<a href="/wiki/Mudar" title="Mudar">Mudar</a> group. When the <a href="/wiki/Fatimids" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatimids">Fatimids</a> conquered Ifriqiya in 909, the Kalb, having been an important military and religious support for the Fatimids, were quick to attain high influence in the new regime. By this time, the Kalbids were allied with the <a href="/wiki/Kutama" title="Kutama">Kutama</a> <a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berbers</a>, a mainstay of the <a href="/wiki/Fatimid_army" title="Fatimid army">Fatimid army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERizzitano1978496_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERizzitano1978496-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kalbids&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>In 827, in the midst of internal <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> conflict, the <a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Sicily" title="Muslim conquest of Sicily">Muslim conquest of Sicily</a> began: the Aghlabids arrived at <a href="/wiki/Mazara_del_Vallo" title="Mazara del Vallo">Mazara</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, with a fleet of 10,000 men under the command of <a href="/wiki/Asad_ibn_al-Furat" title="Asad ibn al-Furat">Asad ibn al-Furat</a>. <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a> was conquered in 831 and became the new capital.<sup id="cite_ref-Melton2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Melton2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Syracuse_(877%E2%80%93878)" title="Siege of Syracuse (877–878)">Syracuse fell</a> in 878<sup id="cite_ref-Davis-Secord2017_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis-Secord2017-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 902 the last Byzantine outpost, <a href="/wiki/Taormina" title="Taormina">Taormina</a>, was taken.<sup id="cite_ref-Trigilia1990_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trigilia1990-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time various Muslim incursions into southern Italy occurred, with new Emirates being founded in <a href="/wiki/Tropea" title="Tropea">Tropea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Taranto" title="Taranto">Taranto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Bari" title="Emirate of Bari">Bari</a>. During this period there were constant power struggles amongst the Muslims. Nominally the island was under rule of the Aghlabids and afterward their Fatimid successors. </p><p>After successfully suppressing a revolt the Fatimid caliph appointed <a href="/wiki/Al-Hasan_al-Kalbi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hasan al-Kalbi">al-Hasan al-Kalbi</a> (948–953) as <a href="/wiki/Emir" title="Emir">Emir</a> of Sicily, the first of the Kalbid dynasty. The Fatimids appointed the Kalbids as rulers via proxy<sup id="cite_ref-Jiwa2017_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jiwa2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> before they shifted their capital from <a href="/wiki/Ifriqiya" title="Ifriqiya">Ifriqiya</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> in 969. Raids into southern Italy continued under the Kalbids into the 11th century, and in 982 a German army under <a href="/wiki/Otto_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto II">Otto II</a> was defeated by <a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Qasim_Ali_ibn_al-Hasan_al-Kalbi" title="Abu'l-Qasim Ali ibn al-Hasan al-Kalbi">Abu'l-Qasim</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stilo" title="Battle of Stilo">Battle of Stilo</a> near <a href="/wiki/Crotone" title="Crotone">Crotone</a> in <a href="/wiki/Calabria" title="Calabria">Calabria</a>. The dynasty began a steady period of decline under the reign of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yusuf_al-Kalbi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yusuf al-Kalbi (page does not exist)">Yusuf al-Kalbi</a> (990–998) who entrusted the island to his sons and created space for interference from the <a href="/wiki/Zirids" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirids">Zirids</a> of Ifriqiya. Under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Akhal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Akhal (page does not exist)">al-Akhal</a> (1017–1037) the dynastic conflict intensified, with factions allying themselves variously with <a href="/wiki/Byzantium" title="Byzantium">Byzantium</a> and the Zirids. Even though neither of these powers could establish themselves in Sicily permanently, under <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hasan_as-Samsam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hasan as-Samsam (page does not exist)">Hasan as-Samsam</a> (1040–1053) the island fragmented into small fiefdoms. The Kalbids died out in 1053,<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth2014_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1061 the <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Normans</a> of southern Italy arrived under <a href="/wiki/Roger_I_of_Sicily" title="Roger I of Sicily">Roger I of Sicily</a> and began their conquest, which was completed in 1091. The Muslims were allowed to remain and played an important role in the administration, army and economy of the Norman kingdom until the 12th century. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Social_and_economic_policies">Social and economic policies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kalbids&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Social and economic policies" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"><p> The Kalbites focused their efforts on the <a href="/wiki/Islamization" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamization">Islamization</a> of Sicilian society, notably in 962 with a large ceremony, where fourteen thousand children were <a href="/wiki/Circumcision" title="Circumcision">circumcised</a> simultaneously; after a <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> offensive, crushed in 965 at the Battle of the Ditch or Rametta, the Fatimid Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Mu%27izz_li-Din_Allah" title="Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah">Mu'izz</a> had the Kalbite emir enacted a policy of <i><a href="/wiki/Incastellamento" class="mw-redirect" title="Incastellamento">Incastellamento</a></i> in 967, a movement which profoundly transformed the social structure of the region. It forced a regrouping of all inhabitants in a small number of cities (one per district), each guarded by a castle and equipped with a <a href="/wiki/Friday_mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Friday mosque">Friday mosque</a>, essential to ensure political fidelity and <a href="/wiki/Indoctrination" title="Indoctrination">religious indoctrination</a>. It was not just a question of bringing Islam into the Sicilian way of life, but also of conveying the <a href="/wiki/Shia_Islam" title="Shia Islam">Shiite</a> message on which the dynasty is based.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lipari-Citrons_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Lipari-Citrons_%281%29.jpg/220px-Lipari-Citrons_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 165px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Lipari-Citrons_%281%29.jpg/220px-Lipari-Citrons_%281%29.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="165" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Lipari-Citrons_%281%29.jpg/330px-Lipari-Citrons_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Lipari-Citrons_%281%29.jpg/440px-Lipari-Citrons_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Citrus fruit, like lemons, are said to have been introduced to Sicily under the Kalbids</figcaption></figure><p>Under the Kalbid dynasty, Sicily, and especially Palermo, was an important economic centre of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a>. The Muslims introduced lemons, Seville oranges and sugar cane, as well as cotton and mulberries for sericulture, and built irrigation systems for agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-Metcalfe2014_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metcalfe2014-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sicily was also an important hub for trade between the Near East, North Africa and the Italian maritime republics such as <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Amalfi" title="Duchy of Amalfi">Amalfi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Pisa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Genoa</a>. </p></section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Rulers">Rulers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kalbids&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rulers" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Hasan_al-Kalbi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hasan al-Kalbi">al-Hasan al-Kalbi</a> (948–953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmad_ibn_al-Hasan_al-Kalbi" title="Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Kalbi">Ahmad ibn al-Hasan al-Kalbi</a> (954–969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27ish" title="Ya'ish">Ya'ish</a> (969–970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu%27l-Qasim_Ali_ibn_al-Hasan_al-Kalbi" title="Abu'l-Qasim Ali ibn al-Hasan al-Kalbi">Abu'l-Qasim Ali ibn al-Hasan al-Kalbi</a> (970–982)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jabir_ibn_Ali_ibn_al-Kalbi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jabir ibn Ali ibn al-Kalbi (page does not exist)">Jabir ibn Ali ibn al-Kalbi</a> (982–983)<sup id="cite_ref-amari_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amari-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ja%27far_I_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_al-Kalbi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ja'far I ibn Muhammad ibn al-Kalbi (page does not exist)">Ja'far I ibn Muhammad ibn al-Kalbi</a> (983–985) <sup id="cite_ref-amari_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amari-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdallah_ibn_Muhammad_ibn_al-Kalbi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Kalbi (page does not exist)">Abdallah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Kalbi</a> (985–990)<sup id="cite_ref-amari_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amari-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu%27l-Futuh_Yusuf_ibn_Abdallah_ibn_al-Kalbi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu'l-Futuh Yusuf ibn Abdallah ibn al-Kalbi (page does not exist)">Abu'l-Futuh Yusuf ibn Abdallah ibn al-Kalbi</a> (990–998)<sup id="cite_ref-amari_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amari-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Ja'far II ibn al-Kalbi (998–1019)</li> <li>al-Akhal (1019–1037)</li> <li>Abdallah (1037–1040), <a href="/wiki/Zirid" class="mw-redirect" title="Zirid">Zirid</a> usurper</li> <li>Hasan as-Samsam (1040–1053)<sup id="cite_ref-Bosworth2014_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bosworth2014-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kalbids&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_Southern_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Islam in Southern Italy">History of Islam in Southern Italy</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kalbids&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERizzitano1978496-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERizzitano1978496_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRizzitano1978">Rizzitano 1978</a>, p. 496.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Melton2014-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Melton2014_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJ._Gordon_Melton2014" class="citation book cs1">J. Gordon Melton (15 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bI9_AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA699"><i>Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History [4 Volumes]: 5,000 Years of Religious History</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. pp. 699–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-026-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61069-026-3"><bdi>978-1-61069-026-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Faiths+Across+Time%3A+5%2C000+Years+of+Religious+History+%26%2391%3B4+Volumes%26%2393%3B%3A+5%2C000+Years+of+Religious+History&rft.pages=699-&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2014-01-15&rft.isbn=978-1-61069-026-3&rft.au=J.+Gordon+Melton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbI9_AwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA699&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalbids" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davis-Secord2017-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davis-Secord2017_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarah_Davis-Secord2017" class="citation book cs1">Sarah Davis-Secord (20 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RYUlDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT109"><i>Where Three Worlds Met: Sicily in the Early Medieval Mediterranean</i></a>. Cornell University Press. pp. 109–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5017-1258-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5017-1258-6"><bdi>978-1-5017-1258-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Where+Three+Worlds+Met%3A+Sicily+in+the+Early+Medieval+Mediterranean&rft.pages=109-&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2017-06-20&rft.isbn=978-1-5017-1258-6&rft.au=Sarah+Davis-Secord&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRYUlDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalbids" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Trigilia1990-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Trigilia1990_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelchiorre_Trigilia1990" class="citation book cs1">Melchiorre Trigilia (1 January 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2dyPAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA82"><i>La Madonna dei Milici di Scicli: cristiani e musulmani nella Sicilia del Mille : i più antichi testi in volgare : storia, tradizione, fede, civiltà, arte, folclore</i></a>. Trigilia Cultura. pp. 82–. GGKEY:3EG1RGUZ1SP.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Madonna+dei+Milici+di+Scicli%3A+cristiani+e+musulmani+nella+Sicilia+del+Mille+%3A+i+pi%C3%B9+antichi+testi+in+volgare+%3A+storia%2C+tradizione%2C+fede%2C+civilt%C3%A0%2C+arte%2C+folclore&rft.pages=82-&rft.pub=Trigilia+Cultura&rft.date=1990-01-01&rft.au=Melchiorre+Trigilia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2dyPAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalbids" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jiwa2017-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jiwa2017_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShainool_Jiwa2017" class="citation book cs1">Shainool Jiwa (18 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cjpDDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT91"><i>The Fatimids: 1. The Rise of a Muslim Empire</i></a>. I.B.Tauris. pp. 91–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78672-174-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78672-174-7"><bdi>978-1-78672-174-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fatimids%3A+1.+The+Rise+of+a+Muslim+Empire&rft.pages=91-&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2017-12-18&rft.isbn=978-1-78672-174-7&rft.au=Shainool+Jiwa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcjpDDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalbids" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bosworth2014-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth2014_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bosworth2014_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFC._E_Bosworth2014" class="citation book cs1">C. E Bosworth (11 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SaMkDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA12"><i>New Islamic Dynasties</i></a>. Edinburgh University Press. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-9648-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-9648-2"><bdi>978-0-7486-9648-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+Islamic+Dynasties&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2014-03-11&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-9648-2&rft.au=C.+E+Bosworth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSaMkDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalbids" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clio.fr/bibliotheque/la_sicile_musulmane.asp">"Henri Bresc, La Sicile musulmane - Clio - Voyage Culturel"</a>. <i>www.clio.fr</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-04-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.clio.fr&rft.atitle=Henri+Bresc%2C+La+Sicile+musulmane+-+Clio+-+Voyage+Culturel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clio.fr%2Fbibliotheque%2Fla_sicile_musulmane.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalbids" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Metcalfe2014-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Metcalfe2014_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlex_Metcalfe2014" class="citation book cs1">Alex Metcalfe (11 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xQbdCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA66"><i>Muslims of Medieval Italy</i></a>. Edinburgh University Press. pp. 66–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-8843-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-8843-2"><bdi>978-0-7486-8843-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muslims+of+Medieval+Italy&rft.pages=66-&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2014-03-11&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-8843-2&rft.au=Alex+Metcalfe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxQbdCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalbids" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-amari-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-amari_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amari_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amari_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-amari_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Amari (1858) <i>Storia dei Musulmani di Sicilia</i>, v.2, p.330-31</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kalbids&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmari1933–1939" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Michele_Amari" title="Michele Amari">Amari, Michele</a> (1933–1939). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/storiadeimusulm01amargoog"><i>Storia dei musulmani di Sicilia</i></a> (in Italian). Catania: Romeo Prampolini.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Storia+dei+musulmani+di+Sicilia&rft.place=Catania&rft.pub=Romeo+Prampolini&rft.date=1933%2F1939&rft.aulast=Amari&rft.aufirst=Michele&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstoriadeimusulm01amargoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalbids" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRizzitano1978" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Umberto_Rizzitano" title="Umberto Rizzitano">Rizzitano, U.</a> (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3822">"Kalbids"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Emeri_Johannes_van_Donzel" class="mw-redirect" title="Emeri Johannes van Donzel">van Donzel, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lewis" title="Bernard Lewis">Lewis, B.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Pellat" title="Charles Pellat">Pellat, Ch.</a> & <a href="/wiki/C._E._Bosworth" class="mw-redirect" title="C. E. Bosworth">Bosworth, C. E.</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopaedia_of_Islam#2nd_edition,_EI2" class="mw-redirect" title="The Encyclopaedia of Islam">The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition</a>. </i>Volume IV:<i> Iran–Kha</i>. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 496–497. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_3822">10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_3822</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/758278456">758278456</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kalbids&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopaedia+of+Islam%2C+Second+Edition.+Volume+IV%3A+Iran%E2%80%93Kha&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=496-497&rft.pub=E.+J.+Brill&rft.date=1978&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F758278456&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_3822&rft.aulast=Rizzitano&rft.aufirst=U.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1163%2F1573-3912_islam_SIM_3822&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKalbids" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Kalbids&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100616060825/http://imamreza.net/eng/imamreza.php?id=630">Sicily(Italy):A Great Centre of the Islamic Civilization</a></li></ul>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=mobile" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalbids&oldid=1253051305">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kalbids&oldid=1253051305</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=Kalbids&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Monkbot" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1729740784"> <span>Last edited on 24 October 2024, at 03:33</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%83%D9%84%D8%A8_(%D8%B5%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9)" title="إمارة بني كلب (صقلية) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إمارة بني كلب (صقلية)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0lbida" title="Kàlbida – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kàlbida" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalbiten" title="Kalbiten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kalbiten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B5%CF%82" title="Καλμπίδες – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καλμπίδες" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalb%C3%ADes" title="Kalbíes – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kalbíes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%A8_(%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84)" title="بنی کلب (سیسیل) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بنی کلب (سیسیل)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalbites" title="Kalbites – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Kalbites" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinasti_Kalbiyah" title="Dinasti Kalbiyah – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dinasti Kalbiyah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalbiti" title="Kalbiti – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kalbiti" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalbit%C3%A1k" title="Kalbiták – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kalbiták" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalbiden" title="Kalbiden – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kalbiden" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalbidzi" title="Kalbidzi – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kalbidzi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A1lbidas_(dinastia)" title="Cálbidas (dinastia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cálbidas (dinastia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalbizi" title="Kalbizi – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Kalbizi" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B_(%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Кальбиты (династия) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кальбиты (династия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalbiti" title="Kalbiti – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Kalbiti" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalbidi" title="Kalbidi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kalbidi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalbidi" title="Kalbidi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kalbidi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelb%C3%AEler" title="Kelbîler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kelbîler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Кальбіти – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кальбіти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 October 2024, at 03:33<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li 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