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<span>Beginning</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beginning-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rise_of_the_partisan_force" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rise_of_the_partisan_force"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rise of the partisan force</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rise_of_the_partisan_force-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fierce_fighting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fierce_fighting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Fierce fighting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fierce_fighting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Takeover_of_the_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Takeover_of_the_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Takeover of the government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Takeover_of_the_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strength_of_partisan_forces" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strength_of_partisan_forces"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Strength of partisan forces</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Strength_of_partisan_forces-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bulgarian_citizens_in_anti-fascist_resistance_in_foreign_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bulgarian_citizens_in_anti-fascist_resistance_in_foreign_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bulgarian citizens in anti-fascist resistance in foreign countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bulgarian_citizens_in_anti-fascist_resistance_in_foreign_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Движение Сопротивления (Болгария) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Движение Сопротивления (Болгария)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Народноослободилачка борба Бугарске – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Народноослободилачка борба Бугарске" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narodnooslobodila%C4%8Dka_borba_Bugarske" title="Narodnooslobodilačka borba Bugarske – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Narodnooslobodilačka borba Bugarske" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgar_direni%C5%9F_hareketi" title="Bulgar direniş hareketi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bulgar direniş hareketi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" 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style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Bulgarian Resistance</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">Resistance during World War II</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgarian_partisans_Khaldei.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Bulgarian_partisans_Khaldei.jpg/220px-Bulgarian_partisans_Khaldei.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Bulgarian_partisans_Khaldei.jpg/330px-Bulgarian_partisans_Khaldei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Bulgarian_partisans_Khaldei.jpg/440px-Bulgarian_partisans_Khaldei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1460" data-file-height="1007" /></a></span><br />Bulgarian partisans enter Sofia, 9 September 1944</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>August 1941 – September 1944</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Result</th><td class="status"> <p>Victory of the Resistance </p> <div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/1944_Bulgarian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Bulgarian coup d'état">Overthrow of the pro-Axis government</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li>Bulgaria switches sides in World War II from the Axis to the Allies</li> <li>Soviet invasion of Bulgaria and establishment of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Bulgaria" title="People's Republic of Bulgaria">People's Republic of Bulgaria</a></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fatherland_Front_(Bulgaria)" title="Fatherland Front (Bulgaria)">Fatherland Front</a></li> <li><b>Supported by:</b></li> <li><span data-sort-value="Soviet Union"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union_%281936_%E2%80%93_1955%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></span></li></ul></li></ul></div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Bulgaria_(1908%E2%80%931946)" title="Tsardom of Bulgaria (1908–1946)">Tsardom of Bulgaria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Third_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Reich">Third Reich</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Units involved</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> Guerrilla units <span style="font-size:85%;">(until April 1943)</span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Bulgarian_Homeland_Front.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Insurgent_Army" title="People's Liberation Insurgent Army">NOVA</a></b> <span style="font-size:85%;">(since April 1943)</span></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_Bulgarian_Communist_Party_-_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%28%D0%91%D0%9A%D0%9F%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgarian_Communist_Party_-_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%28%D0%91%D0%9A%D0%9F%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_Bulgarian_Communist_Party_-_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%28%D0%91%D0%9A%D0%9F%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgarian_Communist_Party_-_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%28%D0%91%D0%9A%D0%9F%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Flag_of_Bulgarian_Communist_Party_-_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%28%D0%91%D0%9A%D0%9F%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Bulgarian_Communist_Party_-_%D0%91%D1%8A%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F_%28%D0%91%D0%9A%D0%9F%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Combat_groups_(Bulgaria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Combat groups (Bulgaria) (page does not exist)">Combat groups</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%9A%D0%9F_(1941_%E2%80%93_1944)" class="extiw" title="bg:Бойни групи на БКП (1941 – 1944)">bg</a>; <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D0%91%D0%9A%D0%9F" class="extiw" title="ru:Боевые группы БКП">ru</a>]</span></li></ul> </li></ul></div></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Police</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Gendarmerie</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria"><img alt="Bulgaria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bulgaria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Armed_Forces" title="Bulgarian Armed Forces">Bulgarian Army</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany"><img alt="Nazi Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht_Heer" class="mw-redirect" title="Wehrmacht Heer">Wehrmacht Heer</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Casualties and losses</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> 3055 killed, executed and died in imprisonment<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <i>unknown</i></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-fascism" title="Category:Anti-fascism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="padding-bottom:0; font-size:200%; font-weight:medium;"><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascism" title="Anti-fascism">Anti-fascism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anti-Fascist-Symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Anti-Fascist-Symbol.svg/100px-Anti-Fascist-Symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Anti-Fascist-Symbol.svg/150px-Anti-Fascist-Symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Anti-Fascist-Symbol.svg/200px-Anti-Fascist-Symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1781" data-file-height="1781" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Interwar</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content">Ethiopia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lions" title="Black Lions">Black Lions</a></li></ul> <p>Central Europe </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arbeiter-Schutzbund" title="Arbeiter-Schutzbund">Arbeiter-Schutzbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republikanischer_Schutzbund" title="Republikanischer Schutzbund">Republikanischer Schutzbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Action_(Poland)" title="Socialist Action (Poland)">Socialist Action</a></li></ul> <p>Germany </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antifaschistische_Aktion" title="Antifaschistische Aktion">Antifaschistische Aktion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Band_(resistance_group)" title="Black Band (resistance group)">Black Band</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany" title="Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany">Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessing_Church" title="Confessing Church">Confessing Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Front" title="Iron Front">Iron Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichsbanner_Schwarz-Rot-Gold" title="Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold">Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roter_Frontk%C3%A4mpferbund" title="Roter Frontkämpferbund">Roter Frontkämpferbund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Arrows" title="Three Arrows">Three Arrows</a></li></ul> <p>Italy </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1922_Italian_general_strike" title="1922 Italian general strike">1922 Italian general strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aventine_Secession_(20th_century)" title="Aventine Secession (20th century)">Aventine Secession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arditi_del_Popolo" title="Arditi del Popolo">Arditi del Popolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentrazione_Antifascista_Italiana" title="Concentrazione Antifascista Italiana">Concentrazione Antifascista<br />Italiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giustizia_e_Libert%C3%A0" title="Giustizia e Libertà">Giustizia e Libertà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_Anti-Fascist_Intellectuals" title="Manifesto of the Anti-Fascist Intellectuals">Manifesto of the Anti-Fascist Intellectuals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIGR" title="TIGR">TIGR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volante_Rossa" title="Volante Rossa">Volante Rossa</a></li></ul> <p>Spain (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>) </p> <ul><li> <a href="/wiki/Antifascist_Worker_and_Peasant_Militias" title="Antifascist Worker and Peasant Militias">Antifascist Worker and Peasant Militias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederal_militias" title="Confederal militias">Confederal militias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Brigades" title="International Brigades">International Brigades</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Brigade" class="mw-redirect" title="Abraham Lincoln Brigade">Abraham Lincoln Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Battalion" title="British Battalion">British Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabrowski_Battalion" title="Dabrowski Battalion">Dabrowski Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ILP_Contingent" title="ILP Contingent">ILP Contingent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mackenzie-Papineau_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion">Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palafox_Battalion" title="Palafox Battalion">Palafox Battalion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A4lmann_Battalion" title="Thälmann Battalion">Thälmann Battalion</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">World War II</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">Resistance during World War II</a> <p>Albania </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albanian resistance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Movement_(Albania)" title="National Liberation Movement (Albania)">National Liberation Movement</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Austria </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_resistance" title="Austrian resistance">Austrian resistance</a></li></ul> <p>Baltic states </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_anti-German_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931944" title="Estonian anti-German resistance movement 1941–1944">Estonian resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_anti-Nazi_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%9345" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–45">Latvian resistance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Lithuanian resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet partisans</a></li></ul> <p>Belgium </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Resistance" title="Belgian Resistance">Belgian Resistance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_National_Movement" title="Belgian National Movement">Belgian National Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_de_l%27Ind%C3%A9pendance" title="Front de l'Indépendance">Front de l'Indépendance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Army_(Belgium)" title="Secret Army (Belgium)">Secret Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witte_Brigade" title="Witte Brigade">Witte Brigade</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Bulgaria </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_resistance_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulgarian resistance movement">Bulgarian resistance movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatherland_Front_(Bulgaria)" title="Fatherland Front (Bulgaria)">Fatherland Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Insurgent_Army" title="People's Liberation Insurgent Army">People's Liberation Insurgent Army</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Burma </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fascist_Organisation" title="Anti-Fascist Organisation">Anti-Fascist Organisation</a></li></ul> <p>Czechia </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jan_%C5%BDi%C5%BEka_partisan_brigade" title="Jan Žižka partisan brigade">Jan Žižka partisan brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prague_uprising" title="Prague uprising">Prague uprising</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Denmark </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Danish resistance movement</a></li></ul> <p>France </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">French Resistance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maquis_(World_War_II)" title="Maquis (World War II)">Maquis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_Juive" title="Armée Juive">Armée Juive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A9e_secr%C3%A8te" title="Armée secrète">Armée secrète</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_(French_Resistance)" title="Combat (French Resistance)">Combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franc-Tireur_(movement)" title="Franc-Tireur (movement)">Franc-Tireur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francs-Tireurs_et_Partisans" title="Francs-Tireurs et Partisans">Francs-Tireurs et Partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration-Nord" title="Libération-Nord">Libération-Nord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lib%C3%A9ration-sud" title="Libération-sud">Libération-sud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouvements_Unis_de_la_R%C3%A9sistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouvements Unis de la Résistance">Mouvements Unis<br />de la Résistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_the_Resistance" title="National Council of the Resistance">National Council<br />of the Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Front_(French_Resistance)" title="National Front (French Resistance)">National Front</a></li></ul> <p>Germany </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">German resistance to Nazism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_resistance_to_Nazi_Germany" title="Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany">Catholic resistance to Nazi Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII_and_the_German_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Pope Pius XII and the German Resistance">Pope Pius XII and the German Resistance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Committee_for_a_Free_Germany" title="National Committee for a Free Germany">National Committee for a Free Germany</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fascist_Committee_for_a_Free_Germany" title="Anti-Fascist Committee for a Free Germany">AKFD</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Orchestra_(espionage)" title="Red Orchestra (espionage)">Rote Kapelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saefkow-Jacob-B%C3%A4stlein_Organization" title="Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization">Saefkow-Jacob-Bästlein Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarze_Kapelle" title="Schwarze Kapelle">Schwarze Kapelle</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/20_July_plot" title="20 July plot">20 July plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oster_conspiracy" title="Oster conspiracy">Oster conspiracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Rose" title="White Rose">White Rose</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Greece </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_resistance" title="Cretan resistance">Cretan resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_resistance" title="Greek resistance">Greek resistance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ELAS" title="ELAS">ELAS</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Italy </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italian resistance movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Committee" title="National Liberation Committee">National Liberation Committee</a></li></ul> <p>Japan </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Political_dissidence_in_the_Empire_of_Japan" title="Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan">Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_in_the_Chinese_resistance_to_the_Empire_of_Japan" title="Japanese in the Chinese resistance to the Empire of Japan">Japanese in the Chinese resistance to the Empire of Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_People%27s_Emancipation_League" title="Japanese People's Emancipation League">Japanese People's Emancipation League</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Jewish </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Anti-Fascist_Committee" title="Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee">Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_partisans" title="Jewish partisans">Jewish<br />partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_resistance_during_the_Holocaust" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish resistance during the Holocaust">Jewish resistance<br />during the Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Labor_Committee" title="Jewish Labor Committee">Jewish Labor Committee</a></li></ul> <p>Luxembourg </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxembourg resistance">Luxembourg resistance</a></li></ul> <p>Netherlands </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_resistance" title="Dutch resistance">Dutch resistance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binnenlandse_Strijdkrachten" title="Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten">Binnenlandse Strijdkrachten</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Norway </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement" title="Norwegian resistance movement">Norwegian resistance movement</a></li></ul> <p>Poland </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Polish resistance movement in World War II</a> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_Underground_State" title="Polish Underground State">Polish Underground State</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fascist_Bloc" title="Anti-Fascist Bloc">Anti-Fascist<br />Bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Army" title="Home Army">Armia Krajowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armia_Ludowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Ludowa">Armia<br />Ludowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bataliony_Ch%C5%82opskie" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataliony Chłopskie">Bataliony Chłopskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwardia_Ludowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwardia Ludowa">Gwardia<br />Ludowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampfgruppe_Auschwitz" class="mw-redirect" title="Kampfgruppe Auschwitz">Kampfgruppe Auschwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Armed_Forces" title="National Armed Forces">Narodowe Siły Zbrojne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olimp_(organization)" title="Olimp (organization)">Olimp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Socialists" title="Polish Socialists">Polscy Socjaliści</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising" title="Warsaw Ghetto Uprising">Warsaw<br />Ghetto Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Combat_Organization" title="Jewish Combat Organization">Żydowska<br />Organizacja Bojowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Military_Union" title="Jewish Military Union">Zydowski<br />Zwiazek Walki</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Romania </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Romanian resistance movement during World War II">Romanian resistance movement during World War II</a></li></ul> <p>Slovakia </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_partisans" title="Slovak partisans">Slovak partisans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovak National Uprising</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Spain </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Maquis" title="Spanish Maquis">Spanish Maquis</a></li></ul> <p>Soviet Union </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Moldovan resistance during World War II">Moldovan resistance movement</a></li></ul> <p>Yugoslavia </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Yugoslav resistance movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascist_Assembly_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Macedonia" title="Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Macedonia">Anti-fascist Assembly for the National<br />Liberation of Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascist_Assembly_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Serbia" title="Anti-fascist Assembly for the National Liberation of Serbia">Anti-fascist<br />Assembly for the National Liberation of Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fascist_Council_for_the_National_Liberation_of_Yugoslavia" title="Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia">Anti-Fascist Council for the National<br />Liberation of Yugoslavia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Partisans" title="Croatian Partisans">Croatian Partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Front_of_the_Slovenian_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberation Front of the Slovenian People">Liberation Front of the Slovenian People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Partisans" title="Slovene Partisans">Slovene Partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslav Partisans</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Postwar</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Post%E2%80%93World_War_II_anti-fascism" title="Post–World War II anti-fascism">Post–World War II anti-fascism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Denazification" title="Denazification">denazification</a>) <p>Germany </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antifa_(Germany)" title="Antifa (Germany)">Antifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsch_huh,_Z%C3%A4ng_ussenander" title="Arsch huh, Zäng ussenander">Arsch huh, Zäng ussenander</a></li></ul> <p>Italy </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ANPI" title="ANPI">ANPI</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bella_ciao" title="Bella ciao">Bella ciao</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberation_Day_(Italy)" title="Liberation Day (Italy)">Liberation Day</a></li></ul> <p>Netherlands </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-fascist_research_group_Kafka" title="Anti-fascist research group Kafka">Anti-fascist research group Kafka</a></li></ul> <p>Portugal </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_Movement" title="Armed Forces Movement">Armed Forces Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">Carnation<br />Revolution</a></li></ul> <p>Spain </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Maquis" title="Spanish Maquis">Spanish Maquis</a></li></ul> <p>Sweden </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antifascistisk_Aktion" title="Antifascistisk Aktion">Antifascistisk Aktion</a></li></ul> <p>Switzerland </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aktion_Kinder_des_Holocaust" title="Aktion Kinder des Holocaust">Aktion Kinder des Holocaust</a></li></ul> <p>United Kingdom </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/43_Group" title="43 Group">43 Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/62_Group" title="62 Group">62 Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Fascist_Action" title="Anti-Fascist Action">Anti-Fascist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Nazi_League" title="Anti-Nazi League">Anti-Nazi League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unite_Against_Fascism" title="Unite Against Fascism">Unite Against Fascism</a></li></ul> <p>United States </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antifa_(United_States)" title="Antifa (United States)">Antifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Racist_Action" title="Anti-Racist Action">Anti-Racist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redneck_Revolt" title="Redneck Revolt">Redneck Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refuse_Fascism" title="Refuse Fascism">Refuse Fascism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Music and culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/A_las_Barricadas" title="A las Barricadas">A las Barricadas</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/%C2%A1Ay_Carmela!_(song)" title="¡Ay Carmela! (song)">¡Ay Carmela!</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bella_ciao" title="Bella ciao">Bella ciao</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/First_they_came_..." title="First they came ...">First they came ...</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fischia_il_vento" title="Fischia il vento">Fischia il vento</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%A2ndola,_Vila_Morena" title="Grândola, Vila Morena">Grândola, Vila Morena</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Nazi_Punks_Fuck_Off" title="Nazi Punks Fuck Off">Nazi Punks Fuck Off</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Against_Racism" title="Rock Against Racism">Rock Against Racism</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rock_gegen_Rechts" title="Rock gegen Rechts">Rock gegen Rechts</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skinheads_Against_Racial_Prejudice" title="Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice">Skinheads Against Racial Prejudice</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_machine_kills_fascists" title="This machine kills fascists">This machine kills fascists</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/(We_Don%27t_Need_This)_Fascist_Groove_Thang" title="(We Don't Need This) Fascist Groove Thang">(We Don't Need This) Fascist Groove Thang</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_and_anarchist_black_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Red and anarchist black metal">Red and anarchist black metal</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Tactics and methods</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_bloc" title="Black bloc">Black bloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deplatforming" title="Deplatforming">Deplatforming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_action" title="Direct action">Direct action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity_of_tactics" title="Diversity of tactics">Diversity of tactics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milkshaking" title="Milkshaking">Milkshaking</a></li> <li><a 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anti-fascism_sidebar" title="Template:Anti-fascism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anti-fascism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Anti-fascism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anti-fascism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anti-fascism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bulgarian_partisan_Khaldei.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Bulgarian_partisan_Khaldei.jpg/220px-Bulgarian_partisan_Khaldei.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Bulgarian_partisan_Khaldei.jpg/330px-Bulgarian_partisan_Khaldei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Bulgarian_partisan_Khaldei.jpg/440px-Bulgarian_partisan_Khaldei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1090" /></a><figcaption>Bulgarian partisan at a triumphal arch, 1944</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trun1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Trun1.JPG/200px-Trun1.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Trun1.JPG/300px-Trun1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Trun1.JPG/400px-Trun1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>Monument to the Bulgarian partisans in <a href="/wiki/Tran,_Bulgaria" title="Tran, Bulgaria">Tran</a>, Bulgaria</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Bulgarian Resistance</b> (<a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a>: <span lang="bg">Партизанско движение в България</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Bulgarian" title="Romanization of Bulgarian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Bulgarian-language romanization"><i lang="bg-Latn">Partizansko dvizhenie v Bǎlgariya</i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Partisan movement in Bulgaria') was part of the anti-<a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a> <a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">resistance during World War II</a>. It consisted of armed and unarmed actions of resistance groups against the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> forces in <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Bulgaria" title="Tsardom of Bulgaria">Tsardom of Bulgaria</a> authorities. It was mainly <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">communist</a> and pro-<a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. Participants in the armed resistance were called <i>partizanin</i> (a partisan) and <i>yatak</i> (a helper, or a supporter, someone who provides cover for someone else). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">Communists</a> had long despised the pro-German policy of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Bogdan_Filov" title="Bogdan Filov">Bogdan Filov</a> and even campaigned in 1940 for a political pact with Moscow (the Sobolev action). </p><p>German forces entered Bulgaria on 1–2 March 1941 as a result of <a href="/wiki/Tripartite_Pact" title="Tripartite Pact">Bulgaria's adhesion</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers_of_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Axis powers of World War II">Axis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Communist_Party" title="Bulgarian Communist Party">Bulgarian Communist Party</a> (BCP) declared this to be a "fatal move" and once again called for a union with the <a href="/wiki/USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="USSR">USSR</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p><p>On 6 March 1941 <a href="/wiki/Georgi_Dimitrov" title="Georgi Dimitrov">Georgi Dimitrov</a> called on the people of Bulgaria to start resistance against the Germans.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the <a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_USSR" class="mw-redirect" title="German invasion of the USSR">German invasion of the USSR</a>, there had not been any armed resistance in Bulgaria. At the start of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Comintern" class="mw-redirect" title="Comintern">Comintern</a> supported a policy of <a href="/wiki/Non-intervention" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-intervention">non-intervention</a>, arguing that the war was an <a href="/wiki/Imperialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperialist">imperialist</a> war between various national ruling classes, but when the Soviet Union itself was invaded on 22 June 1941, the Comintern changed its position. The resistance movement was set up in August 1941 by the Bulgarian Communist Party to oppose the pro-<a href="/wiki/Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi">Nazi</a> government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beginning">Beginning</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Beginning"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The German attack on the Soviet Union on 22 June 1941 sparked the rage of <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">Communists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russophilia" title="Russophilia">Russophiles</a> in Bulgaria. The same day the BCP spread a brochure among the people urging them "to hinder by all means the usage of Bulgarian land and soldiers for the criminal purposes of German fascism". Two days later, on 24 June, the BCP called for an armed resistance against the Wehrmacht and the Bogdan Filov government. </p><p>On 23 July 1941 an illegal radio station — "Hristo Botev" ("<i>Христо Ботев</i>") — began broadcasting.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the first year of the resistance the BCP used mainly its <a href="/w/index.php?title=Combat_groups_(Bulgaria)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Combat groups (Bulgaria) (page does not exist)">Combat groups</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%9A%D0%9F_(1941_%E2%80%93_1944)" class="extiw" title="bg:Бойни групи на БКП (1941 – 1944)">bg</a>; <a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%8B_%D0%91%D0%9A%D0%9F" class="extiw" title="ru:Боевые группы БКП">ru</a>]</span>. They carried out a number of actions, including arson and demolition of arms, clothes and fuel warehouses, communications, factories and transport lines. The combat groups assassinated prominent Bulgarian politicians, army and police leaders, and Wehrmacht officers. The combat groups' activities impaired the image of <a href="/wiki/Hitler" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitler">Hitler</a>'s supporters in Bulgaria but a great number of their members were captured or killed. </p><p>The first known <a href="/wiki/Partisan_(military)" title="Partisan (military)">partisan</a> in Bulgaria was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Kozarev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Kozarev (page does not exist)">Ivan Kozarev</a>. </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerrilla">guerrilla</a> group (<i>cheta</i>) was created on 26 June 1941 near <a href="/wiki/Razlog" title="Razlog">Razlog</a>, the first partisan commander was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nikola_Parapunov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nikola Parapunov (page does not exist)">Nikola Parapunov</a>. The second group was created in August 1941. Other guerrilla detachments were created in the late summer and autumn of 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first guerrilla detachments were relatively small. They were created in the <a href="/wiki/Pirin" title="Pirin">Pirin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhodopes" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodopes">Rhodopes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sredna_gora" class="mw-redirect" title="Sredna gora">Sredna gora</a> mountains. </p><p>In September 1941, Bulgarian communist <a href="/wiki/%C3%89migr%C3%A9" title="Émigré">émigrés</a> arrived on Soviet submarines and aircraft to boost the <a href="/wiki/Resistance_movement" title="Resistance movement">resistance movement</a>. 55 experienced communist fighters were sent by the Foreign Bureau of the BCP, according to one version. According to another version, they were sent by order of the <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a>, of which the Bulgarian Communists in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> were not aware. The landing of the so-called "<i>paratroopers</i>" and "<i>submariners</i>" turned out to be precipitate and most of them were captured or killed. On the other hand, those who survived became some of the most prominent partisan leaders. </p><p>On October 7, 1941, a second illegal radio station — "Naroden glas" ("<i>Народен глас</i>") — began broadcasting. </p><p>Also, activists of the Resistance produced and distributed several illegal newspapers ("<i>Работническо дело</i>", "<i>Народен другар</i>", "<i>Народен глас</i>", "<i>Истина</i>", "<i>Народен партизанин</i>", "<i>Партизанска борба</i>", "<i>Отечествен фронт</i>") and <a href="/wiki/Flyer_(pamphlet)" title="Flyer (pamphlet)">leaflets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rise_of_the_partisan_force">Rise of the partisan force</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Rise of the partisan force"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the winter of 1941-1942 the Wehrmacht suffered a major defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moscow" title="Battle of Moscow">Battle of Moscow</a>. This destroyed the myth of the invincibility of the German army, and showed that the <i><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">blitzkrieg</a></i> in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> had failed. In April 1942, a map titled "The Danube area" was published in Germany, where the so-called "new annexed territories" of Bulgaria in <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_(region)" title="Macedonia (region)">Macedonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thrace" title="Thrace">Thrace</a> were described as "<i>territories under temporary Bulgarian administration</i>". This was a failure for Sofia's official <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a>, which claimed to have completed the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Bulgaria">national unification</a> of the Bulgarians. These events led to a rise in the partisans' manpower and prestige. </p><p>In July 1942, <a href="/wiki/Georgi_Dimitrov" title="Georgi Dimitrov">Georgi Dimitrov</a> announced the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Fatherland_Front_(Bulgaria)" title="Fatherland Front (Bulgaria)">Fatherland Front</a> (FF), on the underground radio station "<a href="/wiki/Hristo_Botev" title="Hristo Botev">Hristo Botev</a>". It was a major anti-fascist coalition between the Communists, the Agrarians and the "<a href="/wiki/Zveno" title="Zveno">Zveno</a>" party. The FF demanded the non-participation of Bulgarian forces in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet-German_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet-German war">war against the USSR</a>, the immediate return of Bulgarian occupation forces from <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yugoslavia" title="Kingdom of Yugoslavia">Yugoslav</a> territory, the repudiation of the union with Germany, a halt of the export of grain to <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, friendly relations with the USSR, the United Kingdom and the United States, the restoration of civil freedoms, denunciation of non-constitutional laws, cessation of military actions against civil population, dismissal of all pro-<a href="/wiki/Fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Fascist">fascist</a> organizations and eradication of racial hatred. Despite the arrest and later execution of most of the Central Committee of the BCP (through betrayal by one of its members), the strength of the partisans continued to grow. In August 1943 the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Social_Democratic_Workers_Party_(Broad_Socialists)" title="Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers Party (Broad Socialists)">Bulgarian Social Democratic Workers Party</a> joined the FF. The FF also was supplied by the Soviet armed forces and mainly contributed with various arm shipments and artillery pieces. Some of these would later end up in the hands of the opposing side but also in the hands of the Yugoslav Partisans active in Macedonia and southern Serbia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fierce_fighting">Fierce fighting</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Fierce fighting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the growing number and manpower of combat groups and partisan detachments, in April 1943 they were organized into the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Insurgent_Army" title="People's Liberation Insurgent Army">People's Liberation Insurgent Army</a> (<i><span title="Bulgarian-language text"><i lang="bg-Latn"><b>N</b>arodo<b>o</b>svoboditelna <b>v</b>astannicheska <b>a</b>rmija</i></span></i>, NOVA). NOVA divided Bulgaria into 12 <i>Rebel Operative Zones</i> which implied BWP's intention of seizing power. The Bulgarian authorities responded by intensifying the persecution of resistance members. Thousands of opposition activists were killed, imprisoned or interned.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The government created a special gendarmerie force which received almost unlimited power to pursue the partisans. The gendarmes became notorious for carrying out atrocities against captured partisans and their <i>yatatsi</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Gendarmerie" title="Gendarmerie">Gendarmerie</a> and the police also became increasingly involved in harassment, arson and murders of partisans' families. Partisans staged attacks on railroads and warehouses, used by the German or the Bulgarian forces. When that was possible, they captured villages to organize meetings in support of the FF, destroy police and tax archives and supply themselves with food and arms. </p><p>BCP increased its activity among Bulgarian soldiers. A frequent result was the army's low effectiveness in fighting partisan detachments. A significant number of soldiers deserted to join the partisans. Such events were mainly observed in the Bulgarian forces in Yugoslavia and Greece. Seven partisan detachments were created from former army battalions which sided with the partisans. The most prominent soldier-partisan commanders were <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ditcho_Petrov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ditcho Petrov (page does not exist)">Ditcho Petrov</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Atanas_Rusev&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atanas Rusev (page does not exist)">Atanas Rusev</a>. </p><p>In the spring of 1944, the Bulgarian government decided to crush the partisans and mobilised about 100,000 soldiers, policemen and gendarmes, which were thrown into mass actions against the guerrillas. The result was the opposite of that desired. As the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> advanced towards the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>, even more people joined the resistance. NOVA grew as a significant military force. In the <a href="/wiki/Tran,_Bulgaria" title="Tran, Bulgaria">Tran</a>, Rhodopes and Sredna Gora regions, the partisans were a constant threat to the government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Takeover_of_the_government">Takeover of the government</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Takeover of the government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 2 September 1944, the pro-German government of <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Bagryanov" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Bagryanov">Ivan Bagryanov</a> stepped down in response to the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>'s advance towards Bulgaria. A pro-Western government of the former legal opposition came to power. It ordered the army not to resist Soviet forces, demanded that the Wehrmacht leave, repudiated the union with Germany and started negotiations with the NOVA commander <a href="/wiki/Dobri_Terpeshev" title="Dobri Terpeshev">Dobri Terpeshev</a>. The right wing Agrarians, who controlled the government, offered the FF some ministerial positions. In the meantime, the police and the army continued to pursue the partisans, unchecked by civil authority. Advancing Soviet troops gave the Communists self-confidence and they rejected the Agrarians' offer. </p><p>Between 6 and 9 September 1944, 170 Bulgarian towns and villages were captured by the partisans. On 9 September, Terpeshev ordered all partisans to descend from the mountains and seize power in all of Bulgaria - '"All brigades, battalions and cheti of the people's liberation army are to capture the villages and towns and install FF committees in them"'. In Sofia, "Zveno" mobilised its influence in the military and strong army detachments, including the Tank brigade, sided with the FF and staged a coup on the night of 8/9 September. </p><p>Soon after FF's seizure of power, the partisans became the first forces to resist the attempted return of the Wehrmacht in Bulgaria on its western and northwestern border. Bulgarian partisans also participated in the liberation from Nazi occupation of some towns and villages in <a href="/wiki/Yugoslavia" title="Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a>. After 9 September and prior to Bulgaria's army joining the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>' fight against the Axis, former partisans were placed in key positions in the Bulgarian military to ensure its loyalty. Former partisans also built up the new People's Militia, which replaced the Bulgarian police. They allegedly participated in mass retaliation which took the lives of thousands of former civil servants, policemen and gendarmes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Strength_of_partisan_forces">Strength of partisan forces</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Strength of partisan forces"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ultimate number of partisans according to the official historiography of <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Bulgaria" title="People's Republic of Bulgaria">People's Republic of Bulgaria</a> was around 30,000. However, researchers after the transition to democracy point to a figure of around 9,900. </p><p>In addition, there were foreign members of Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II - 68 Soviet citizens and ex-soldiers (former prisoners of war, who escaped from Nazi concentration camps),<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> several Russian <a href="/wiki/White_%C3%A9migr%C3%A9" title="White émigré">white émigrés</a> (former participants in the <a href="/wiki/White_movement" title="White movement">White movement</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> several Serbs and 1 Czech communist.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the beginning of September 1944, the NOVA partisan units comprised one partisan <a href="/wiki/Division_(military)" title="Division (military)">division</a>, 9 partisan brigades, 37 partisan detachments and several combat groups (<i>cheti</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the clashes with government and German forces and as a result of torture and executions 2 740 people died between 1941 and 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bulgarian_citizens_in_anti-fascist_resistance_in_foreign_countries">Bulgarian citizens in anti-fascist resistance in foreign countries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Bulgarian citizens in anti-fascist resistance in foreign countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During World War II, Bulgarians took part in the resistance movement in other countries. </p><p>Bulgarians took part in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet partisan movement</a>: </p> <ul><li>Liliya Karastoyanova (<i>Лилия Карастоянова</i>) fought in Chernigov partisan unit of <a href="/wiki/Oleksiy_Fedorov" title="Oleksiy Fedorov">A.F. Fedorov</a>. In January 1943, in <a href="/wiki/Gomel_Region" title="Gomel Region">Gomel Region</a> she was killed in battle with German troops.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For heroism and courage in battle, she was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Patriotic_War" title="Order of the Patriotic War">Order of the Patriotic War</a> (posthumously).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asen_Draganov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asen Draganov (page does not exist)">Asen Draganov</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2" class="extiw" title="bg:Асен Драганов">bg</a>]</sup> fought in partisan unit of <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Nikolayevich_Medvedev" class="mw-redirect" title="Dmitry Nikolayevich Medvedev">D.N. Medvedev</a>. 30 November 1943 he was killed in engagement with German troops. He was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Red_Star" title="Order of the Red Star">Order of the Red Star</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vera_Pavlova_(professor)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vera Pavlova (professor) (page does not exist)">Vera Pavlova</a><sup class="noprint" style="font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0,_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="ru:Павлова, Вера Тодоровна">ru</a>]</sup> was a field medic in partisan unit of <a href="/wiki/Dmitry_Nikolayevich_Medvedev" class="mw-redirect" title="Dmitry Nikolayevich Medvedev">D.N. Medvedev</a>. During the service in this partisan unit she fought in 33 battles and performed 800 medical operations.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 29 June 1944 she was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Medal_%22Partisan_of_the_Patriotic_War%22" class="mw-redirect" title="Medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War"">Medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War"</a> 1st class<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>50 Bulgarians took part in the partisan movement in Czechoslovakia,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1944 they took part in <a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovak National Uprising</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bulgarian I. Popovich was a member of BSV resistance organization in München.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bulgarian communist <a href="/wiki/Todor_Angelov" title="Todor Angelov">Todor Angelov</a> took part in the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Resistance" title="Belgian Resistance">Belgian Resistance movement</a>. In early 1943, he was arrested and interned in the <a href="/wiki/Fort_Breendonk" title="Fort Breendonk">Fort Breendonk</a> <a href="/wiki/Concentration_camp" title="Concentration camp">concentration camp</a>, where he was executed in late November 1943. </p><p>In addition, 223 Bulgarians (citizens of Bulgaria and Bulgarian emigrants, who had become citizens of the USSR), fought against Axis troops in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Army" title="Soviet Army">Soviet Army</a>. Some 151 of them were killed in action<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_rule_of_Macedonia,_Morava_Valley_and_Western_Thrace_(1941%E2%80%931944)" title="Bulgarian rule of Macedonia, Morava Valley and Western Thrace (1941–1944)">Bulgarian rule of Macedonia, Morava Valley and Western Thrace (1941–1944)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.omda.bg/page.php?tittle=Spisak_na_zaginalite_v_Saprotivata&IDMenu=530&IDArticle=402">https://www.omda.bg/page.php?tittle=Spisak_na_zaginalite_v_Saprotivata&IDMenu=530&IDArticle=402</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The New Encyclopædia Britannica. 15th edition. Macropaedia. Vol.29. Chicago, 1994. p.995</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Антифашистское движение Сопротивления в странах Европы в годы второй мировой войны / ред. В.П. Бондаренко, П.И. Резонов. М., Соцэкгиз, 1962. стр.223</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Говори радиостанция «Христо Ботев» (23 юли 1941 — 22 септември 1944). т. 1 — 7. София, 1950—1952</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">И. Кинов, И. Маринов, Шт. Атанасов и др. Вклад болгарского народа в разгром фашистской Германии. М., Воениздат, 1967. стр.27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Болгария // Советская историческая энциклопедия / редколл., гл. ред. Е.М. Жуков. том 2. М., Государственное научное издательство «Советская энциклопедия», 1961. ст.522-563</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Антифашистская солидарность в годы второй мировой войны, 1939-1945 / редколл., А.Н. Шлепаков, В.А. Вродий и др. Киев, "Наукова думка", 1987. стр.157</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Р.Т. Аблова. Сотрудничество советского и болгарского народов в борьбе против фашизма (1941-1945 гг.). М., 1973. стр.294</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Интернациональное сотрудничество КПСС и БКП: история и современность. / ред. А.Г. Егоров, Д. Елазар. М., Политиздат, 1985. стр.88</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Болгария // Советская военная энциклопедия (в 8 тт.) / под ред. <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Ogarkov" title="Nikolai Ogarkov">Н. В. Огаркова</a>. том 1. М.: Воениздат, 1976. стр.549</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lGovFoKjOB8C&pg=PA193">Debating the Past: Modern Bulgarian History: from Stambolov to Zhivkov</a>, Rumen Daskalov, Central European University Press, 2011, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/6155053006" title="Special:BookSources/6155053006">6155053006</a> <span>, p. 193.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">В.В. 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М., "Мысль", 1965. стр.385</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Й. Долежал, Й. Грозиенчик. Международная солидарность в Словацком национальном восстании 1944 года // журнал "<a href="/wiki/Questions_of_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Questions of History">Вопросы истории</a>", № 7, 1961. стр.73-79</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Д. Левин. Интернациональная бригада // Сильнее смерти. Воспоминания, письма, документы. М., 1963. стр.21-27</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">А.П. Барбасов, В.А. Золотарев. О прошлом во имя грядущего. Традиции российско-болгарского боевого содружества. М., "Мысль", 1990. стр.229</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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title="Template:Resistance in World War II by country"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Resistance_in_World_War_II_by_country" title="Template talk:Resistance in World War II by country"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Resistance_in_World_War_II_by_country" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Resistance in World War II by country"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Resistance_during_World_War_II_by_country" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">Resistance during World War II</a> by country</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anti-communist resistance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_war_in_the_Baltic_states" title="Guerrilla war in the Baltic states">Baltic States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_partisans" title="Latvian partisans">Latvian partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_partisans" title="Lithuanian partisans">Lithuanian partisans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">June Uprising in Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_partisans" title="Estonian partisans">Estonian partisans</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goryani" title="Goryani">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communist_resistance_in_Poland_(1944%E2%80%931953)" title="Anti-communist resistance in Poland (1944–1953)">Poland</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cursed_soldiers" title="Cursed soldiers">Cursed soldiers</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_anti-communist_resistance_movement" title="Romanian anti-communist resistance movement">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Ukraine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anti-fascist resistance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_resistance_during_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Albanian resistance during World War II">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_resistance" title="Austrian resistance">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Resistance" title="Belgian Resistance">Belgium</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_the_German-occupied_Channel_Islands" title="Resistance in the German-occupied Channel Islands">Channel Islands</a></li> <li>Czechoslovakia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_German-occupied_Czechoslovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Resistance in German-occupied Czechoslovakia">Bohemia and Moravia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_partisans" title="Slovak partisans">Slovakia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_anti-German_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931944" title="Estonian anti-German resistance movement 1941–1944">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Resistance" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Resistance">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_anti-Nazi_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931945" title="Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–1945">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Resistance" title="Luxembourg Resistance">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_resistance" title="Dutch resistance">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement" title="Norwegian resistance movement">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Romanian resistance movement during World War II">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet Union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Belarusian resistance during World War II">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovan_resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Moldovan resistance during World War II">Moldova</a></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Crimean resistance during World War II">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taganrog_resistance_movement" title="Taganrog resistance movement">Taganrog</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Partisans" title="Croatian Partisans">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Partisans" title="Macedonian Partisans">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovene_Partisans" title="Slovene Partisans">Slovenia</a></li></ul></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li>See also:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_resistance_in_German-occupied_Europe" title="Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe">Jewish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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