Le LHC à haute luminosité

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class="component-preview-cards__box"> <div class="preview-card__title"> <h3 class="standard-title"> <a href="/fr/news/press-release/cern/blowing-out-70-candles-cern-celebrates-seven-decades-discoveries-and-looks" hreflang="fr" title="Le CERN souffle ses 70 bougies, l’occasion de célébrer sept décennies de découvertes et de se projeter vers un futur brillant pour la science et l’innovation"> <span> Le CERN souffle ses 70 bougies, l’occasion de... </span> </a> </h3> </div> <div class="preview-card__body"></div> <div class="preview-cards__subtext"> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> At CERN </div> <div class="preview-card__category" style="color:"> Press release </div> <div class="preview-card__date" style="color:"> <time datetime="2024-10-01T10:00:00Z">1 octobre, 2024</time> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="view-footer"> <p class="cern-btn"><a class="cern-btn" href="/fr/news?audience=23">Dernières actualités</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> 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(Vidéo : Noemi Caraban/CERN)</figcaption></figure> <p class="no-column">Le projet de Grand collisionneur de hadrons à haute luminosité (HL-LHC) vise à <strong>pousser les performances</strong> du LHC à leur maximum afin d'augmenter le potentiel de découvertes après 2030. L’objectif est d’accroître la luminosité integrée du LHC d’un facteur 10 par rapport à sa valeur nominale.</p> <p class="no-column">La luminosité est un indicateur important de la performance d’un <a href="/fr/science/accelerators/how-accelerator-works">accélérateur</a> : elle est proportionnelle au nombre de collisions se produisant en un temps donné. Plus la luminosité est élevée, plus les expériences récoltent de données, leur permettant d’observer des processus rares.</p> <p class="no-column">Le LHC à haute luminosité, qui devrait être opérationnel <a href="https://hilumilhc.web.cern.ch/article/ls3-schedule-change">dès le début de 2029</a>, permettra aux physiciens d'étudier plus en détail les mécanismes connus, comme <a href="/fr/science/physics/higgs-boson">le boson de Higgs</a>, et d'observer d'éventuels <strong>nouveaux phénomènes très rares</strong>. À titre d’exemple, le LHC à haute luminosité produira chaque année au moins 15 millions de bosons de Higgs, contre environ trois millions pour le LHC en 2017.</p> <p class="no-column">En 2013, le projet LHC à haute luminosité (HL-LHC) était annoncé comme la première des priorités de <strong><a href="/news/news/cern/cern-council-updates-european-strategy-particle-physics">la stratégie européenne pour la physique des particules</a></strong>.</p> <p class="column-left image-align">Son développement repose sur plusieurs innovations techniques. La première phase du projet, qui a commencé en 2011, a été financée en partie par le septième programme-cadre (FP7) de la Commission européenne. La première phase a réuni de nombreux laboratoires des États membres du CERN, mais également des États-Unis, du Japon et de la Fédération de Russie. L'étude de conception a pris fin en octobre 2015 avec la publication d'un rapport préliminaire de conception. La phase de construction a ensuite débuté au CERN et dans l'industrie. Le rapport de conception technique du HL-LHC – faisant état de la conception avant l'opération de reprofilage menée en 2016 – a été publié en 2017 et sa <a href="https://e-publishing.cern.ch/index.php/CYRM/issue/view/127">version finale</a> en 2020. Les <a href="/fr/news/news/accelerators/ground-breaking-ceremony-high-luminosity-lhc">travaux de génie civil</a> ont débuté en avril 2018.</p> <p class="column-left image-align">Le projet est mené par le CERN avec la soutien d'une collaboration internationale de 44 instituts dans 20 pays, pour la grande majorité européens - on citera notamment l'Italie, l'Espagne, la Suède et le Royaume-Uni. 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