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health</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: occupant's health"> <meta name="keywords" content="occupant's health"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="occupant's health"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 9049</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: occupant's health</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9049</span> Research on Energy-Related Occupant Behavior of Residential Air Conditioning Based on Zigbee Intelligent Electronic Equipment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dawei%20Xia">Dawei Xia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benyan%20Jiang"> Benyan Jiang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yong%20Li"> Yong Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Split-type air conditioners is widely used for indoor temperature regulation in urban residential buildings in summer in China. The energy-related occupant behavior has a great impact on building energy consumption. Obtaining the energy-related occupant behavior data of air conditioners is the research basis for the energy consumption prediction and simulation. Relying on the development of sensing and control technology, this paper selects Zigbee intelligent electronic equipment to monitor the energy-related occupant behavior of 20 households for 3 months in summer. Through analysis of data, it is found that people of different ages in the region have significant difference in the time, duration, frequency, and energy consumption of air conditioners, and form a data model of three basic energy-related occupant behavior patterns to provide an accurate simulation of energy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupant%20behavior" title="occupant behavior">occupant behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zigbee" title=" Zigbee"> Zigbee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=split%20air%20conditioner" title=" split air conditioner"> split air conditioner</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20simulation" title=" energy simulation"> energy simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100960/research-on-energy-related-occupant-behavior-of-residential-air-conditioning-based-on-zigbee-intelligent-electronic-equipment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100960.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9048</span> Occupant Behaviour Change in Post-Pandemic Australia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yan%20Zhang">Yan Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Felix%20Kin%20Peng%20Hui"> Felix Kin Peng Hui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Colin%20Duffield"> Colin Duffield</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caroline%20X.%20Gao"> Caroline X. Gao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In post-pandemic Australia, it is unclear how building occupant have changed their behaviour in their interaction with buildings and other occupants. This research provides information on occupant behaviour change compared to before the pandemic and examines the predictors for those behaviour changes. This paper analyses survey responses from 2298 building occupants in Melbourne to investigate occupant behaviour change and determinants for those changes one year after the pandemic in Australia. The behaviour changes were grouped into three categories based on respiratory infection routes: (1) fomite: hand-shaking and hand hygiene behaviours; (2) airborne: individual interventions to indoor air quality such as face masking, window openings for occupants working in naturally ventilated space; (3) droplets: social distancing, reducing working hours in the workplace. The survey shows that the pandemic has significantly changed occupants' behaviour in all three categories compared to before the pandemic. The changes are significantly associated with occupants' perceived indoor air quality, indoor environmental cleanliness, and occupant density, demonstrating their growing awareness of respiratory infection risk that influences their health behaviours. The two most significant factors identified from multivariate regressions to drive the behaviour change include occupant risk perception of respiratory infections at the workplace and their observed co-worker's behaviour change. Based on the survey results, the paper provides adjusted estimates for related occupant behaviour parameters. The study also discusses alternatives for managing window operations in naturally ventilated buildings to improve occupant satisfaction. This paper could help Building Managers, and Building Designers understand occupant behaviour change to improve building operations and new building design to enhance occupant experience. Also, building energy modellers and risk assessors may use the findings to adjust occupant behaviour-related parameters to improve the models. The findings contribute to the knowledge of Human-Building Interaction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human-building%20interaction" title="human-building interaction">human-building interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20perception" title=" risk perception"> risk perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupant%20behaviour" title=" occupant behaviour"> occupant behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IAQ" title=" IAQ"> IAQ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID-19" title=" COVID-19"> COVID-19</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172029/occupant-behaviour-change-in-post-pandemic-australia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9047</span> Estimating Occupancy in Residential Context Using Bayesian Networks for Energy Management</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manar%20Amayri">Manar Amayri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussain%20Kazimi"> Hussain Kazimi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Quoc-Dung%20Ngo"> Quoc-Dung Ngo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephane%20Ploix"> Stephane Ploix</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A general approach is proposed to determine occupant behavior (occupancy and activity) in residential buildings and to use these estimates for improved energy management. Occupant behaviour is modelled with a Bayesian Network in an unsupervised manner. This algorithm makes use of domain knowledge gathered via questionnaires and recorded sensor data for motion detection, power, and hot water consumption as well as indoor CO₂ concentration. Two case studies are presented which show the real world applicability of estimating occupant behaviour in this way. Furthermore, experiments integrating occupancy estimation and hot water production control show that energy efficiency can be increased by roughly 5% over known optimal control techniques and more than 25% over rule-based control while maintaining the same occupant comfort standards. The efficiency gains are strongly correlated with occupant behaviour and accuracy of the occupancy estimates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title="energy">energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=control" title=" control"> control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bayesian%20methods" title=" Bayesian methods"> Bayesian methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=learning%20theory" title=" learning theory"> learning theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sensor%20networks" title=" sensor networks"> sensor networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20modelling%20and%20knowledge%20based%20systems" title=" knowledge modelling and knowledge based systems"> knowledge modelling and knowledge based systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20intelligence" title=" artificial intelligence"> artificial intelligence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buildings" title=" buildings"> buildings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84739/estimating-occupancy-in-residential-context-using-bayesian-networks-for-energy-management" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/84739.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">370</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9046</span> Enhance Indoor Environment in Buildings and Its Effect on Improving Occupant's Health</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imad%20M.%20Assali">Imad M. Assali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, the world main problem is a global warming and climate change affecting both outdoor and indoor environments, especially the air quality (AQ) as a result of vast migration of people from rural areas to urban areas. Therefore, cities became more crowded and denser from an irregular population increase, along with increasing urbanization caused many problems for the environment such as increasing the land prices, changes in life style, and the new buildings are not adapted to the climate producing uncomfortable and unhealthy indoor building conditions. As interior environments are the places that create the most intimate relationship with the user. Consequently, the indoor environment quality (IEQ) for buildings became uncomfortable and unhealthy for its occupants. The symptoms commonly associated with poor indoor environment such as itchy, headache, fatigue, and respiratory complaints such as cough and congestion, etc. The symptoms tend to improve over time or even disappear when people are away from the building. Therefore, designing a healthy indoor environment to fulfill human needs is the main concern for architects and interior designer. However, this research explores how occupant expectations and environmental attitudes may influence occupant health and satisfaction within the context of the indoor environment. In doing so, it reviews and contributes to the methods and tools used to evaluate only the indoor environment quality (IEQ) components of building performance. Its main aim is to review the literature on indoor human comfort. This is followed by a review of previous papers published related to human comfort. Finally, this paper will provide possible approaches in design level of healthy buildings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20building" title="sustainable building">sustainable building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20environment%20quality%20%28IEQ%29" title=" indoor environment quality (IEQ)"> indoor environment quality (IEQ)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupant%27s%20health" title=" occupant's health"> occupant's health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active%20system" title=" active system"> active system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sick%20building%20syndrome%20%28SBS%29" title=" sick building syndrome (SBS)"> sick building syndrome (SBS)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45472/enhance-indoor-environment-in-buildings-and-its-effect-on-improving-occupants-health" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">362</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9045</span> The Impact of Window Opening Occupant Behavior Models on Building Energy Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Habtamu%20Tkubet%20Ebuy">Habtamu Tkubet Ebuy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose Conventional dynamic energy simulation tools go beyond the static dimension of simplified methods by providing better and more accurate prediction of building performance. However, their ability to forecast actual performance is undermined by a low representation of human interactions. The purpose of this study is to examine the potential benefits of incorporating information on occupant diversity into occupant behavior models used to simulate building performance. The co-simulation of the stochastic behavior of the occupants substantially increases the accuracy of the simulation. Design/methodology/approach In this article, probabilistic models of the "opening and closing" behavior of the window of inhabitants have been developed in a separate multi-agent platform, SimOcc, and implemented in the building simulation, TRNSYS, in such a way that the behavior of the window with the interconnectivity can be reflected in the simulation analysis of the building. Findings The results of the study prove that the application of complex behaviors is important to research in predicting actual building performance. The results aid in the identification of the gap between reality and existing simulation methods. We hope this study and its results will serve as a guide for researchers interested in investigating occupant behavior in the future. Research limitations/implications Further case studies involving multi-user behavior for complex commercial buildings need to more understand the impact of the occupant behavior on building performance. Originality/value This study is considered as a good opportunity to achieve the national strategy by showing a suitable tool to help stakeholders in the design phase of new or retrofitted buildings to improve the performance of office buildings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupant%20behavior" title="occupant behavior">occupant behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-simulation" title=" co-simulation"> co-simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20consumption" title=" energy consumption"> energy consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20comfort" title=" thermal comfort"> thermal comfort</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161479/the-impact-of-window-opening-occupant-behavior-models-on-building-energy-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">104</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9044</span> Indoor Environment Quality and Occupant Resilience Toward Climate Change: A Case Study from Gold Coast, Australia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soheil%20Roumi">Soheil Roumi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fan%20Zhang"> Fan Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rodney%20Stewart"> Rodney Stewart</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) indexes represented the suitability of a place to study, work, and live. Many indexes have been introduced based on the physical measurement or occupant surveys in commercial buildings. The earlier studies did not elaborate on the relationship between energy consumption and IEQ in office buildings. Such a relationship can provide a comprehensive overview of the building's performance. Also, it would find the potential of already constructed buildings under the upcoming climate change. A commercial building in southeast Queensland, Australia, was evaluated in this study. Physical measurements of IEQ and Energy areconducted, and their relationship will be determined using statistical analysis. The case study building is modelled in TRNSys software, and it will be validatedusingthe actual building's BMS data. Then, the modelled buildingwill be simulated by predicted weather data developed by the commonwealth scientific and industrial research organisation of Australia to investigate the occupant resilience and energy consumption. Finally, recommendations will be presented to consume less energy while providinga proper indoor environment for office occupants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=IEQ" title="IEQ">IEQ</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=office%20buildings" title=" office buildings"> office buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20comfort" title=" thermal comfort"> thermal comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupant%20resilience" title=" occupant resilience"> occupant resilience</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150709/indoor-environment-quality-and-occupant-resilience-toward-climate-change-a-case-study-from-gold-coast-australia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150709.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">112</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9043</span> Preparation of Papers: Impacts of COVIDSAFE Practices and CO₂ Feedback Devices on Indoor Air Quality in Classrooms</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chun%20Yu">Chun Yu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tahlia%20M.%20Farrant"> Tahlia M. Farrant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Max%20G.%20Marschall"> Max G. Marschall</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most of Australia’s school classrooms are equipped with operable windows and occupant-controlled air-conditioners that do not provide fresh air. This can result in insufficient ventilation and high indoor CO₂ levels, which comes at a detriment to occupant productivity and health. This paper reports on the results of an in-situ study capturing indoor CO₂ levels in classrooms at a school in Victoria, Australia. The study consisted of 3 measurement periods: First, CO₂ levels pre-pandemic were measured, finding that the readings exceeded the recommended ASHRAE threshold of 1000 ppm more than 50% of the time, with levels often rising as high as 5000 ppm. Then, after the staff had been informed of the poor indoor air quality and the Victorian government had put COVIDSAFE measures in place, a second data set was captured; the impact was significant, with now only about 30% of readings above the ASHRAE threshold, and values rarely exceeding 2500 ppm. Finally, devices were installed that gave the occupants visual feedback when CO₂ levels were high, thus prompting them to open the windows; this further improved the air quality, with now less than 20% of readings above the threshold and values rarely exceeding 1500 ppm. The study suggests that, while relying on occupants to operate windows can lead to poor indoor air quality due to insufficient ventilation, it is possible to considerably influence occupant behavior through education and feedback devices. While these interventions alone did not mitigate the problem of inadequate ventilation entirely, they were sufficient to keep CO₂ levels within a generally healthy range. Considering the large energy savings that are possible by foregoing mechanical ventilation, it is evident that natural ventilation is a feasible operation method for school buildings in temperate climates, as long as classrooms are equipped with CO₂ feedback devices. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=COVID" title="COVID">COVID</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CO%E2%82%82" title=" CO₂"> CO₂</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=education" title=" education"> education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feedback%20devices" title=" feedback devices"> feedback devices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health" title=" health"> health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20air%20quality" title=" indoor air quality"> indoor air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20ventilation" title=" natural ventilation"> natural ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupant%20behaviour" title=" occupant behaviour"> occupant behaviour</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149927/preparation-of-papers-impacts-of-covidsafe-practices-and-co2-feedback-devices-on-indoor-air-quality-in-classrooms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/149927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">108</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9042</span> A Hybrid Simulation Approach to Evaluate Cooling Energy Consumption for Public Housings of Subtropics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwok%20W.%20Mui">Kwok W. Mui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ling%20T.%20Wong"> Ling T. Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi%20T.%20Cheung"> Chi T. Cheung</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cooling energy consumption in the residential sector, different from shopping mall, office or commercial buildings, is significantly subject to occupant decisions where in-depth investigations are found limited. It shows that energy consumptions could be associated with housing types. Surveys have been conducted in existing Hong Kong public housings to understand the housing characteristics, apartment electricity demands, occupant’s thermal expectations, and air–conditioning usage patterns for further cooling energy-saving assessments. The aim of this study is to develop a hybrid cooling energy prediction model, which integrated by EnergyPlus (EP) and artificial neural network (ANN) to estimate cooling energy consumption in public residential sector. Sensitivity tests are conducted to find out the energy impacts with changing building parameters regarding to external wall and window material selection, window size reduction, shading extension, building orientation and apartment size control respectively. Assessments are performed to investigate the relationships between cooling demands and occupant behavior on thermal environment criteria and air-conditioning operation patterns. The results are summarized into a cooling energy calculator for layman use to enhance the cooling energy saving awareness in their own living environment. The findings can be used as a directory framework for future cooling energy evaluation in residential buildings, especially focus on the occupant behavioral air–conditioning operation and criteria of energy-saving incentives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title="artificial neural network">artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling%20energy" title=" cooling energy"> cooling energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupant%20behavior" title=" occupant behavior"> occupant behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20buildings" title=" residential buildings"> residential buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20environment" title=" thermal environment"> thermal environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90319/a-hybrid-simulation-approach-to-evaluate-cooling-energy-consumption-for-public-housings-of-subtropics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90319.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">168</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9041</span> An Investigation on the Effect of Window Tinting on Thermal Comfort inside Office Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20El-Azzeh">S. El-Azzeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Al-Aqqad"> A. Al-Aqqad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Salem"> M. Salem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Al-Khaldi"> H. Al-Khaldi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Thaher"> S. Thaher</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thermal comfort studies are very important during the early stages of the building’s design. If this study was ignored, problems will start to occur for the occupants in the future. In hot climates, where solar radiations are entering buildings all year long, occupant’s thermal comfort in office buildings needs to be examined. This study aims to investigate the thermal comfort at an existing office building at the Australian College of Kuwait and test its validity and improve occupant’s thermal satisfaction by covering windows with a heat rejection tint material that enables sunlight to pass through the office while reflecting solar heat outside. Environmental variables were measured using thermal comfort data logger INNOVA 1221 to find the predicted mean vote (PMV) in the selected location. Also, subjective variables were measured to find the actual mean vote (AMV) through surveys distributed among occupants in the selected case study office. All the variables collected were analyzed and classified according to international standards ISO 7730 and ASHRAE55. The results of this study showed improvement in both PMV and AMV. The mean value of PMV based on the original design was 0.691 which dropped to 0.32 after installation and it still at comfort zone. Also, the mean value of the AMV has improved for the first occupant, where before it was -0.46 and it became -1 which is cooler. For the other occupant, it was slightly warm with a mean value of 0.9 and it was improved and became cooler with a -0.25 mean value based on American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) seven-point scale. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20comfort" title="thermal comfort">thermal comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=office%20buildings" title=" office buildings"> office buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20environments" title=" indoor environments"> indoor environments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=predicted%20mean%20vote" title=" predicted mean vote"> predicted mean vote</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138599/an-investigation-on-the-effect-of-window-tinting-on-thermal-comfort-inside-office-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138599.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">196</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9040</span> Improved Thermal Comfort and Sensation with Occupant Control of Ceiling Personalized Ventilation System: A Lab Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walid%20Chakroun">Walid Chakroun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sorour%20Alotaibi"> Sorour Alotaibi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nesreen%20Ghaddar"> Nesreen Ghaddar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kamel%20Ghali"> Kamel Ghali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims at determining the extent to which occupant control of microenvironment influences, improves thermal sensation and comfort, and saves energy in spaces equipped with ceiling personalized ventilation (CPV) system assisted by chair fans (CF) and desk fans (DF) in 2 experiments in a climatic chamber equipped with two-station CPV systems, one that allows control of fan flow rate and the other is set to the fan speed of the selected participant in control. Each experiment included two participants each entering the cooled space from transitional environment at a conventional mixed ventilation (MV) at 24 °C. For CPV diffuser, fresh air was delivered at a rate of 20 Cubic feet per minute (CFM) and a temperature of 16 °C while the recirculated air was delivered at the same temperature but at a flow rate 150 CFM. The macroclimate air of the space was at 26 °C. The full speed flow rates for both the CFs and DFs were at 5 CFM and 20 CFM, respectively. Occupant 1 was allowed to operate the CFs or the DFs at (1/3 of the full speed, 2/3 of the full speed, and the full speed) while occupant 2 had no control on the fan speed and their fan speed was selected by occupant 1. Furthermore, a parametric study was conducted to study the effect of increasing the fresh air flow rate on the occupants’ thermal comfort and whole body sensations. The results showed that most occupants in the CPV+CFs, who did not control the CF flow rate, felt comfortable 6 minutes. The participants, who controlled the CF speeds, felt comfortable in around 24 minutes because they were preoccupied with the CFs. For the DF speed control experiments, most participants who did not control the DFs felt comfortable within the first 8 minutes. Similarly to the CPV+CFs, the participants who controlled the DF flow rates felt comfortable at around 26 minutes. When the CPV system was either supported by CFs or DFs, 93% of participants in both cases reached thermal comfort. Participants in the parametric study felt more comfortable when the fresh air flow rate was low, and felt cold when as the flow rate increased. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMV" title="PMV">PMV</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20comfort" title=" thermal comfort"> thermal comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20environment" title=" thermal environment"> thermal environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20sensation" title=" thermal sensation"> thermal sensation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82480/improved-thermal-comfort-and-sensation-with-occupant-control-of-ceiling-personalized-ventilation-system-a-lab-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/82480.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9039</span> The Impact and Performances of Controlled Ventilation Strategy on Thermal Comfort and Indoor Atmosphere in Building</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selma%20Bouasria">Selma Bouasria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahi%20Abdelkader"> Mahi Abdelkader</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abb%C3%A8s%20Azzi"> Abbès Azzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herouz%20Keltoum"> Herouz Keltoum </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ventilation in buildings is a key element to provide high indoor air quality. Its efficiency appears as one of the most important factors in maintaining thermal comfort for occupants of buildings. Personal displacement ventilation is a new ventilation concept that combines the positive features of displacement ventilation with those of task conditioning or personalized ventilation. This work aims to study numerically the supply air flow in a room to optimize a comfortable microclimate for an occupant. The room is heated, and a dummy is designed to simulate the occupant. Two types of configurations were studied. The first consist of a room without windows; and the second one is a local equipped with a window. The influence of the blowing speed and the solar radiation coming from the window on the thermal comfort of the occupant is studied. To conduct this study we used the turbulence models, namely the high Reynolds k-e, the RNG and the SST models. The numerical tool used is based on the finite volume method. The numerical simulation of the supply air flow in a room can predict and provide a significant information about indoor comfort. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local" title="local">local</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comfort" title=" comfort"> comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermique" title=" thermique"> thermique</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ventilation" title=" ventilation"> ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20environment" title=" internal environment "> internal environment </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25772/the-impact-and-performances-of-controlled-ventilation-strategy-on-thermal-comfort-and-indoor-atmosphere-in-building" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25772.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">412</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9038</span> Modeling and Analysis Of Occupant Behavior On Heating And Air Conditioning Systems In A Higher Education And Vocational Training Building In A Mediterranean Climate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abderrahmane%20Soufi">Abderrahmane Soufi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The building sector is the largest consumer of energy in France, accounting for 44% of French consumption. To reduce energy consumption and improve energy efficiency, France implemented an energy transition law targeting 40% energy savings by 2030 in the tertiary building sector. Building simulation tools are used to predict the energy performance of buildings but the reliability of these tools is hampered by discrepancies between the real and simulated energy performance of a building. This performance gap lies in the simplified assumptions of certain factors, such as the behavior of occupants on air conditioning and heating, which is considered deterministic when setting a fixed operating schedule and a fixed interior comfort temperature. However, the behavior of occupants on air conditioning and heating is stochastic, diverse, and complex because it can be affected by many factors. Probabilistic models are an alternative to deterministic models. These models are usually derived from statistical data and express occupant behavior by assuming a probabilistic relationship to one or more variables. In the literature, logistic regression has been used to model the behavior of occupants with regard to heating and air conditioning systems by considering univariate logistic models in residential buildings; however, few studies have developed multivariate models for higher education and vocational training buildings in a Mediterranean climate. Therefore, in this study, occupant behavior on heating and air conditioning systems was modeled using logistic regression. Occupant behavior related to the turn-on heating and air conditioning systems was studied through experimental measurements collected over a period of one year (June 2023–June 2024) in three classrooms occupied by several groups of students in engineering schools and professional training. Instrumentation was provided to collect indoor temperature and indoor relative humidity in 10-min intervals. Furthermore, the state of the heating/air conditioning system (off or on) and the set point were determined. The outdoor air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed were collected as weather data. The number of occupants, age, and sex were also considered. Logistic regression was used for modeling an occupant turning on the heating and air conditioning systems. The results yielded a proposed model that can be used in building simulation tools to predict the energy performance of teaching buildings. Based on the first months (summer and early autumn) of the investigations, the results illustrate that the occupant behavior of the air conditioning systems is affected by the indoor relative humidity and temperature in June, July, and August and by the indoor relative humidity, temperature, and number of occupants in September and October. Occupant behavior was analyzed monthly, and univariate and multivariate models were developed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupant%20behavior" title="occupant behavior">occupant behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistic%20regression" title=" logistic regression"> logistic regression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=behavior%20model" title=" behavior model"> behavior model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mediterranean%20climate" title=" mediterranean climate"> mediterranean climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20conditioning" title=" air conditioning"> air conditioning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heating" title=" heating"> heating</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175581/modeling-and-analysis-of-occupant-behavior-on-heating-and-air-conditioning-systems-in-a-higher-education-and-vocational-training-building-in-a-mediterranean-climate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">60</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9037</span> An Application-Based Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) Calculator for Residential Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwok%20W.%20Mui">Kwok W. Mui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ling%20T.%20Wong"> Ling T. Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chin%20T.%20Cheung"> Chin T. Cheung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ho%20C.%20Yu"> Ho C. Yu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on an indoor environmental quality (IEQ) index established by previous work that indicates the overall IEQ acceptance from the prospect of an occupant in residential buildings in terms of four IEQ factors - thermal comfort, indoor air quality, visual and aural comforts, this study develops a user-friendly IEQ calculator for iOS and Android users to calculate the occupant acceptance and compare the relative performance of IEQ in apartments. The calculator allows the prediction of the best IEQ scenario on a quantitative scale. Any indoor environments under the specific IEQ conditions can be benchmarked against the predicted IEQ acceptance range. This calculator can also suggest how to achieve the best IEQ acceptance among a group of residents. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=calculator" title="calculator">calculator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20environmental%20quality%20%28IEQ%29" title=" indoor environmental quality (IEQ)"> indoor environmental quality (IEQ)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residential%20buildings" title=" residential buildings"> residential buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=5-star%20benchmarks" title=" 5-star benchmarks "> 5-star benchmarks </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24988/an-application-based-indoor-environmental-quality-ieq-calculator-for-residential-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24988.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">474</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9036</span> Physiological and Psychological Influence on Office Workers during Demand Response</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Megumi%20Nishida">Megumi Nishida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naoya%20Motegi"> Naoya Motegi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takurou%20Kikuchi"> Takurou Kikuchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tomoko%20Tokumura"> Tomoko Tokumura</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, power system has been changed and flexible power pricing system such as demand response has been sought in Japan. The demand response system is simple in the household sector and the owner, decision-maker, can gain the benefits of power saving. On the other hand, the execution of the demand response in the office building is more complex than household because various people such as owners, building administrators and occupants are involved in making decisions. While the owners benefit from the demand saving, the occupants are forced to be exposed to demand-saved environment certain benefits. One of the reasons is that building systems are usually centralized control and each occupant cannot choose either participate demand response event or not, and contribution of each occupant to demand response is unclear to provide incentives. However, the recent development of IT and building systems enables the personalized control of office environment where each occupant can control the lighting level or temperature around him or herself. Therefore, it can be possible to have a system which each occupant can make a decision of demand response participation in office building. This study investigates the personal behavior upon demand response requests, under the condition where each occupant can adjust their brightness individually in their workspace. Once workers participate in the demand response, their task lights are automatically turned off. The participation rates in the demand response events are compared between four groups which are divided by different motivation, the presence or absence of incentives and the way of participation. The result shows that there are the significant differences of participation rates in demand response event between four groups. The way of participation has a large effect on the participation rate. ‘Opt-out’ group, where the occupants are automatically enrolled in a demand response event if they don't express non-participation, will have the highest participation rate in the four groups. The incentive has also an effect on the participation rate. This study also reports that the impact of low illumination office environment on the occupants, such as stress or fatigue. The electrocardiogram and the questionnaire are used to investigate the autonomic nervous activity and subjective symptoms about the fatigue of the occupants. There is no big difference between dim workspace during demand response event and bright workspace in autonomic nervous activity and fatigue. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=demand%20response" title="demand response">demand response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illumination" title=" illumination"> illumination</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=questionnaire" title=" questionnaire"> questionnaire</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocardiogram" title=" electrocardiogram"> electrocardiogram</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32950/physiological-and-psychological-influence-on-office-workers-during-demand-response" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32950.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9035</span> Qualitative Analysis of Occupant’s Satisfaction in Green Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Srinivas%20Rao">S. Srinivas Rao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pallavi%20Chitnis"> Pallavi Chitnis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Himanshu%20Prajapati"> Himanshu Prajapati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The green building movement in India commenced in 2003. Since then, more than 4,300 projects have adopted green building concepts. For last 15 years, the green building movement has grown strong across the country and has resulted in immense tangible and intangible benefits to the stakeholders. Several success stories have demonstrated the tangible benefit experienced in green buildings. However, extensive data interpretation and qualitative analysis are required to report the intangible benefits in green buildings. The emphasis is now shifting to the concept of people-centric design and productivity, health and wellbeing of occupants are gaining importance. This research was part of World Green Building Council’s initiative on 'Better Places for People' which aims to create a world where buildings support healthier and happier lives. The overarching objective of this study was to understand the perception of users living and working in green buildings. The study was conducted in twenty-five IGBC certified green buildings across India, and a comprehensive questionnaire was designed to capture occupant’s perception and experience in the built environment. The entire research focussed on the eight attributes of healthy buildings. The factors considered for the study include thermal comfort, visual comfort, acoustic comfort, ergonomics, greenery, fitness, green transit and sanitation and hygiene. The occupant’s perception and experience were analysed to understand their satisfaction level. The macro level findings of the study indicate that green buildings have addressed attributes of healthy buildings to a larger extent. Few important findings of the study focussed on the parameters such as visual comfort, fitness, greenery, etc. The study indicated that occupants give tremendous importance to the attributes such as visual comfort, daylight, fitness, greenery, etc. 89% occupants were comfortable with the visual environment, on account of various lighting element incorporated as part of the design. Tremendous importance to fitness related activities is highlighted by the study. 84% occupants had actively utilised sports and meditation facilities provided in their facility. Further, 88% occupants had access to the ample greenery and felt connected to the natural biodiversity. This study aims to focus on the immense advantages gained by users occupying green buildings. This will empower green building movement to achieve new avenues to design and construct healthy buildings. The study will also support towards implementing human-centric measures and in turn, will go a long way in addressing people welfare and wellbeing in the built environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20and%20wellbeing" title="health and wellbeing">health and wellbeing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20buildings" title=" green buildings"> green buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indian%20green%20building%20council" title=" Indian green building council"> Indian green building council</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupant%E2%80%99s%20satisfaction" title=" occupant’s satisfaction"> occupant’s satisfaction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89526/qualitative-analysis-of-occupants-satisfaction-in-green-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89526.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">183</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9034</span> Effects of Active Muscle Contraction in a Car Occupant in Whiplash Injury</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nisha%20Nandlal%20Sharma">Nisha Nandlal Sharma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Julaluk%20Carmai"> Julaluk Carmai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saiprasit%20Koetniyom"> Saiprasit Koetniyom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernd%20Markert"> Bernd Markert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Whiplash Injuries are usually associated with car accidents. The sudden forward or backward jerk to head causes neck strain, which is the result of damage to the muscle or tendons. Neck pain and headaches are the two most common symptoms of whiplash. Symptoms of whiplash are commonly reported in studies but the Injury mechanism is poorly understood. Neck muscles are the most important factor to study the neck Injury. This study focuses on the development of finite element (FE) model of human neck muscle to study the whiplash injury mechanism and effect of active muscle contraction on occupant kinematics. A detailed study of Injury mechanism will promote development and evaluation of new safety systems in cars, hence reducing the occurrence of severe injuries to the occupant. In present study, an active human finite element (FE) model with 3D neck muscle model is developed. Neck muscle was modeled with a combination of solid tetrahedral elements and 1D beam elements. Muscle active properties were represented by beam elements whereas, passive properties by solid tetrahedral elements. To generate muscular force according to inputted activation levels, Hill-type muscle model was applied to beam elements. To simulate non-linear passive properties of muscle, solid elements were modeled with rubber/foam material model. Material properties were assigned from published experimental tests. Some important muscles were then inserted into THUMS (Total Human Model for Safety) 50th percentile male pedestrian model. To reduce the simulation time required, THUMS lower body parts were not included. Posterior to muscle insertion, THUMS was given a boundary conditions similar to experimental tests. The model was exposed to 4g and 7g rear impacts as these load impacts are close to low speed impacts causing whiplash. The effect of muscle activation level on occupant kinematics during whiplash was analyzed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20model" title="finite element model">finite element model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle%20activation" title=" muscle activation"> muscle activation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neck%20muscle" title=" neck muscle"> neck muscle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=whiplash%20injury%20prevention" title=" whiplash injury prevention"> whiplash injury prevention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42971/effects-of-active-muscle-contraction-in-a-car-occupant-in-whiplash-injury" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42971.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9033</span> Childhood Warscape, Experiences from Children of War Offer Key Design Decisions for Safer Built Environments</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soleen%20Karim">Soleen Karim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meira%20Yasin"> Meira Yasin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rezhin%20Qader"> Rezhin Qader</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Children’s books present a colorful life for kids around the world, their current environment or what they could potentially have- a home, two loving parents, a playground, and a safe school within a short walk or bus ride. These images are only pages in a donated book for children displaced by war. The environment they live in is significantly different. Displaced children are faced with a temporary life style filled with fear and uncertainty. Children of war associate various structural institutions with a trauma and cannot enter the space, even if it is for their own future development, such as a school. This paper is a collaborative effort with students of the Kennesaw State University architecture department, architectural designers and a mental health professional to address and link the design challenges and the psychological trauma for children of war. The research process consists of a) interviews with former refugees, b) interviews with current refugee children, c) personal understanding of space through one’s own childhood, d) literature review of tested design methods to address various traumas. Conclusion: In addressing the built environment for children of war, it is necessary to address mental health and well being through the creation of space that is sensitive to the needs of children. This is achieved by understanding critical design cues to evoke normalcy and safe space through program organization, color, and symbiosis of synthetic and natural environments. By involving the children suffering from trauma in the design process, aspects of the design are directly enhanced to serve the occupant. Neglecting to involve the participants creates a nonlinear design outcome and does not serve the needs of the occupant to afford them equal opportunity learning and growth experience as other children around the world. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=activist%20architecture" title="activist architecture">activist architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=childhood%20education" title=" childhood education"> childhood education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=childhood%20psychology" title=" childhood psychology"> childhood psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adverse%20childhood%20experiences" title=" adverse childhood experiences"> adverse childhood experiences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96148/childhood-warscape-experiences-from-children-of-war-offer-key-design-decisions-for-safer-built-environments" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96148.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9032</span> Proposed Algorithms to Assess Concussion Potential in Rear-End Motor Vehicle Collisions: A Meta-Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rami%20Hashish">Rami Hashish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manon%20Limousis-Gayda"> Manon Limousis-Gayda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Caitlin%20McCleery"> Caitlin McCleery</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Mild traumatic brain injuries, also referred to as concussions, represent an increasing burden to society. Due to limited objective diagnostic measures, concussions are diagnosed by assessing subjective symptoms, often leading to disputes to their presence. Common biomechanical measures associated with concussion are high linear and/or angular acceleration to the head. With regards to linear acceleration, approximately 80g’s has previously been shown to equate with a 50% probability of concussion. Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) are a leading cause of concussion, due to high head accelerations experienced. The change in velocity (delta-V) of a vehicle in an MVC is an established metric for impact severity. As acceleration is the rate of delta-V with respect to time, the purpose of this paper is to determine the relation between delta-V (and occupant parameters) with linear head acceleration. Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted for manuscripts collected using the following keywords: head acceleration, concussion, brain injury, head kinematics, delta-V, change in velocity, motor vehicle collision, and rear-end. Ultimately, 280 studies were surveyed, 14 of which fulfilled the inclusion criteria as studies investigating the human response to impacts, reporting head acceleration, and delta-V of the occupant’s vehicle. Statistical analysis was conducted with SPSS and R. The best fit line analysis allowed for an initial understanding of the relation between head acceleration and delta-V. To further investigate the effect of occupant parameters on head acceleration, a quadratic model and a full linear mixed model was developed. Results: From the 14 selected studies, 139 crashes were analyzed with head accelerations and delta-V values ranging from 0.6 to 17.2g and 1.3 to 11.1 km/h, respectively. Initial analysis indicated that the best line of fit (Model 1) was defined as Head Acceleration = 0.465 <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acceleration" title="acceleration">acceleration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brain%20injury" title=" brain injury"> brain injury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=change%20in%20velocity" title=" change in velocity"> change in velocity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Delta-V" title=" Delta-V"> Delta-V</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TBI" title=" TBI "> TBI </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108220/proposed-algorithms-to-assess-concussion-potential-in-rear-end-motor-vehicle-collisions-a-meta-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108220.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9031</span> Sustainable Interiors: An Inquiry into Design Approach to Imbibe Energy Efficiency and Well-Being in Corporate Offices</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lipi%20Agarwal">Lipi Agarwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siddhant%20Patni"> Siddhant Patni</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The corporate organizations are seeking for the spaces that are energy efficient and maximize occupant health and productivity. Thus, designing workplaces that effectively steward resources and supports the health, the well-being of its occupants has become a dire need of the hour. The purpose of this paper is to understand the design approach for creating sustainable interiors in corporate offices. The objective is to identify the factors that aid energy efficient design and elevates the well-being in building and communities. The paper will employ qualitative methodology and undertake case study approach to comprehend the role of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and WELL (a global rating system for health and wellness) in providing sustainable interiors. The findings help the design fraternity in designing a workspace that optimizes the use of resources and advances the human health inside the built environment. The paper suggests the framework that leads to interior environment which is sustainable in nature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20interiors" title="corporate interiors">corporate interiors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficiency" title=" energy efficiency"> energy efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LEED" title=" LEED"> LEED</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=WELL" title=" WELL"> WELL</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=well-being" title=" well-being"> well-being</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108538/sustainable-interiors-an-inquiry-into-design-approach-to-imbibe-energy-efficiency-and-well-being-in-corporate-offices" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108538.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9030</span> Application of Electrochromic Glazing for Reducing Peak Cooling Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranojoy%20Dutta">Ranojoy Dutta</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> HVAC equipment capacity has a direct impact on occupant comfort and energy consumption of a building. Glazing gains, especially in buildings with high window area, can be a significant contributor to the total peak load on the HVAC system, leading to over-sized systems that mostly operate at poor part load efficiency. In addition, radiant temperature, which largely drives occupant comfort in glazed perimeter zones, is often not effectively controlled despite the HVAC being designed to meet the air temperature set-point. This is due to short wave solar radiation transmitted through windows, that is not sensed by the thermostat until much later when the thermal mass in the room releases the absorbed solar heat to the indoor air. The implication of this phenomenon is increased cooling energy despite poor occupant comfort. EC glazing can significantly eliminate direct solar transmission through windows, reducing both the space cooling loads for the building and improving comfort for occupants near glazing. This paper will review the exact mechanism of how EC glazing would reduce the peak load under design day conditions, leading to reduced cooling capacity vs regular high-performance glazing. Since glazing heat transfer only affects the sensible load, system sizing will be evaluated both with and without the availability of a DOAS to isolate the downsizing potential of the primary cooling equipment when outdoor air is conditioned separately. Given the dynamic nature of glazing gains due to the sun’s movement, effective peak load mitigation with EC requires an automated control system that can predict solar movement and radiation levels so that the right tint state with the appropriate SHGC is utilized at any given time for a given façade orientation. Such an automated EC product will be evaluated for a prototype commercial office model situated in four distinct climate zones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochromic%20glazing" title="electrochromic glazing">electrochromic glazing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=peak%20sizing" title=" peak sizing"> peak sizing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20comfort" title=" thermal comfort"> thermal comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glazing%20load" title=" glazing load"> glazing load</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117967/application-of-electrochromic-glazing-for-reducing-peak-cooling-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117967.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9029</span> Post Occupancy Evaluation of Thermal Comfort and User Satisfaction in a Green IT Commercial Building</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shraddha%20Jadhav">Shraddha Jadhav</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We are entering a new age in the built environment where we expect our buildings to deliver far more than just a place to work or live. It is widely believed that sustainable building design strategies create improved occupants’ comfort & satisfaction with respect to thermal comfort & indoor environmental quality. Yet this belief remains a hypothesis with little empirical support. IT buildings cater to more than 3000 users at a time. Nowadays people spend 90% of the time inside offices. These sustainable IT office buildings should provide the occupants with maximum comfort for better work productivity. Such green rated buildings fulfill all the criteria at the designing stage, but do they really work as expected at the occupancy stage. The aim of this paper is to evaluate whether green IT buildings provide the required comfort level as expected at the design stage. Building Occupants are a rich source of information for evaluating their comfort level in the building and to find out the solutions for their discomfort. This can be achieved by carrying out Post Occupancy Evaluation after the building has been occupied for more than a year or two. The technique consists of qualitative methods like questionnaire surveys & observations and quantitative methods like field measurements, photographs. Post Occupancy Evaluation was carried out in a Green (Platinum rated) IT building in Pune. 30 samples per floor were identified for the questionnaire survey. The core questions access occupant satisfaction with thermal comfort in the work area and measures adopted for making it comfortable were identified. The Mean Radiant Temperature of the same samples was taken to compare the quantitative and qualitative results. The survey was used to evaluate the occupant thermal comfort in a green office building and identify areas needing improvement. The survey has been designed in reference to ASHRAE standard 55-2010 & ISHRAE 10001:2017 IEQ and was further refined to suit the user of the building. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20office%20building" title="green office building">green office building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20occupant" title=" building occupant"> building occupant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20comfort" title=" thermal comfort"> thermal comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=POE" title=" POE"> POE</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=user%20satisfaction" title=" user satisfaction"> user satisfaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=survey" title=" survey"> survey</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167913/post-occupancy-evaluation-of-thermal-comfort-and-user-satisfaction-in-a-green-it-commercial-building" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167913.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">73</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9028</span> University Building: Discussion about the Effect of Numerical Modelling Assumptions for Occupant Behavior</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabrizio%20Ascione">Fabrizio Ascione</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martina%20Borrelli"> Martina Borrelli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rosa%20Francesca%20De%20Masi"> Rosa Francesca De Masi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silvia%20Ruggiero"> Silvia Ruggiero</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Giuseppe%20Peter%20Vanoli"> Giuseppe Peter Vanoli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The refurbishment of public buildings is one of the key factors of energy efficiency policy of European States. Educational buildings account for the largest share of the oldest edifice with interesting potentialities for demonstrating best practice with regards to high performance and low and zero-carbon design and for becoming exemplar cases within the community. In this context, this paper discusses the critical issue of dealing the energy refurbishment of a university building in heating dominated climate of South Italy. More in detail, the importance of using validated models will be examined exhaustively by proposing an analysis on uncertainties due to modelling assumptions mainly referring to the adoption of stochastic schedules for occupant behavior and equipment or lighting usage. Indeed, today, the great part of commercial tools provides to designers a library of possible schedules with which thermal zones can be described. Very often, the users do not pay close attention to diversify thermal zones and to modify or to adapt predefined profiles, and results of designing are affected positively or negatively without any alarm about it. Data such as occupancy schedules, internal loads and the interaction between people and windows or plant systems, represent some of the largest variables during the energy modelling and to understand calibration results. This is mainly due to the adoption of discrete standardized and conventional schedules with important consequences on the prevision of the energy consumptions. The problem is surely difficult to examine and to solve. In this paper, a sensitivity analysis is presented, to understand what is the order of magnitude of error that is committed by varying the deterministic schedules used for occupation, internal load, and lighting system. This could be a typical uncertainty for a case study as the presented one where there is not a regulation system for the HVAC system thus the occupant cannot interact with it. More in detail, starting from adopted schedules, created according to questioner’ s responses and that has allowed a good calibration of energy simulation model, several different scenarios are tested. Two type of analysis are presented: the reference building is compared with these scenarios in term of percentage difference on the projected total electric energy need and natural gas request. Then the different entries of consumption are analyzed and for more interesting cases also the comparison between calibration indexes. Moreover, for the optimal refurbishment solution, the same simulations are done. The variation on the provision of energy saving and global cost reduction is evidenced. This parametric study wants to underline the effect on performance indexes evaluation of the modelling assumptions during the description of thermal zones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20simulation" title="energy simulation">energy simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modelling%20calibration" title=" modelling calibration"> modelling calibration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupant%20behavior" title=" occupant behavior"> occupant behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=university%20building" title=" university building"> university building</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89436/university-building-discussion-about-the-effect-of-numerical-modelling-assumptions-for-occupant-behavior" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/89436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9027</span> Assessment of Indoor Air Pollution in Naturally Ventilated Dwellings of Mega-City Kolkata</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanya%20Kaur%20Bedi">Tanya Kaur Bedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shankha%20Pratim%20Bhattacharya"> Shankha Pratim Bhattacharya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The US Environmental Protection Agency defines indoor air pollution as “The air quality within and around buildings, especially as it relates to the health and comfort of building occupants”. According to the 2021 report by the Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, Indian residents, a country which is home to the highest levels of air pollution in the world, lose about 5.9 years from life expectancy due to poor air quality and yet has numerous dwellings dependent on natural ventilation. Currently the urban population spends 90% of the time indoors, this scenario raises a concern for occupant health and well-being. This study attempts to demonstrate the causal relationship between the indoor air pollution and its determining aspects. Detailed indoor air pollution audits were conducted in residential buildings located in Kolkata, India in the months of December and January 2021. According to the air pollution knowledge assessment city program in India, Kolkata is also the second most polluted mega-city after Delhi. Although the air pollution levels are alarming year-long, the winter months are most crucial due to the unfavourable environmental conditions. While emissions remain typically constant throughout the year, cold air is denser and moves slower than warm air, trapping the pollution in place for much longer and consequently is breathed in at a higher rate than the summers. The air pollution monitoring period was selected considering environmental factors and major pollution contributors like traffic and road dust. This study focuses on the relationship between the built environment and the spatial-temporal distribution of air pollutants in and around it. The measured parameters include, temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, and benzene. A total of 56 rooms were audited, selectively targeting the most dominant middle-income group in the urban area of the metropolitan. The data-collection was conducted using a set of instruments positioned in the human breathing-zone. The study assesses the relationship between indoor air pollution levels and factors determining natural ventilation and air pollution dispersion such as surrounding environment, dominant wind, openable window to floor area ratio, windward or leeward side openings, and natural ventilation type in the room: single side or cross-ventilation, floor height, residents cleaning habits, etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20air%20quality" title="indoor air quality">indoor air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupant%20health" title=" occupant health"> occupant health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution" title=" air pollution"> air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title=" architecture"> architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20environment" title=" urban environment"> urban environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154167/assessment-of-indoor-air-pollution-in-naturally-ventilated-dwellings-of-mega-city-kolkata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154167.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">107</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9026</span> Examination of Indoor Air Quality of Naturally Ventilated Dwellings During Winters in Mega-City Kolkata</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tanya%20Kaur%20Bedi">Tanya Kaur Bedi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shankha%20Pratim%20Bhattacharya"> Shankha Pratim Bhattacharya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The US Environmental Protection Agency defines indoor air quality as “The air quality within and around buildings, especially as it relates to the health and comfort of building occupants”. According to the 2021 report by the Energy Policy Institute at Chicago, Indian residents, a country which is home to the highest levels of air pollution in the world, lose about 5.9 years from life expectancy due to poor air quality and yet has numerous dwellings dependent on natural ventilation. Currently the urban population spends 90% of the time indoors, this scenario raises a concern for occupant health and well-being. The built environment can affect health directly and indirectly through immediate or long-term exposure to indoor air pollutants. Health effects associated with indoor air pollutants include eye/nose/throat irritation, respiratory diseases, heart disease, and even cancer. This study attempts to demonstrate the causal relationship between the indoor air quality and its determining aspects. Detailed indoor air quality audits were conducted in residential buildings located in Kolkata, India in the months of December and January 2021. According to the air pollution knowledge assessment city program in India, Kolkata is also the second most polluted mega-city after Delhi. Although the air pollution levels are alarming year-long, the winter months are most crucial due to the unfavorable environmental conditions. While emissions remain typically constant throughout the year, cold air is denser and moves slower than warm air, trapping the pollution in place for much longer and consequently is breathed in at a higher rate than the summers. The air pollution monitoring period was selected considering environmental factors and major pollution contributors like traffic and road dust. This study focuses on the relationship between the built environment and the spatial-temporal distribution of air pollutants in and around it. The measured parameters include, temperature, relative humidity, air velocity, particulate matter, volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, and benzene. A total of 56 rooms were audited, selectively targeting the most dominant middle-income group. The data-collection was conducted using a set of instruments positioned in the human breathing-zone. The study assesses indoor air quality based on factors determining natural ventilation and air pollution dispersion such as surrounding environment, dominant wind, openable window to floor area ratio, windward or leeward side openings, and natural ventilation type in the room: single side or cross-ventilation, floor height, residents cleaning habits, etc. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20air%20quality" title="indoor air quality">indoor air quality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupant%20health" title=" occupant health"> occupant health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20housing" title=" urban housing"> urban housing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution" title=" air pollution"> air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20ventilation" title=" natural ventilation"> natural ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture" title=" architecture"> architecture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban%20issues" title=" urban issues"> urban issues</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154165/examination-of-indoor-air-quality-of-naturally-ventilated-dwellings-during-winters-in-mega-city-kolkata" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154165.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">122</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9025</span> The Connection between Required Safe Egress Time and Occupant Fire Safety Training</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christina%20Knorr">Christina Knorr</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Analysis of the evacuation of occupants of a building plays a significant role in Fire Safety Engineering. One of the tools used for the analysis is the concept of the Required Safe Egress Time (RSET). It is generally accepted that RSET is measured from the time the fire ignites until the time that all occupants have evacuated to a safe location. Instructions on how RSET is determined can be found in both the International Fire Engineering Guidelines and, more recently, in the Australian Fire Engineering Guidelines. The guidelines also specify measures that could be applied to reduce the RSET and hence improve the performance of fire-safety measures of a building. Further, it is suggested that the delay period can be reduced through “training programs.” This study examined the overall level of fire-safety awareness among occupants of residential apartment buildings in Australia and investigated the possible effects of fire-safety training on the delay period and, hence, the RSET. A questionnaire, interviews, and an experiment were conducted to collect data about people’s fire-safety knowledge, people’s behaviour and nature, and the duration of activities people are likely to undertake in the event of a fire. The study led to an investigation into the delay and response time approximations and the development of a new equation to incorporate the impact of training into the RSET calculations for the general use of the fire engineering community. Regardless of the RSET, it can be concluded that fire-safety education and training for residents of apartment buildings have a direct impact on improving their behaviour and firefighting equipment usage in a fire incident. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20safety%20engineering" title="fire safety engineering">fire safety engineering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20safety%20training" title=" fire safety training"> fire safety training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupant%20evacuation%20behaviour" title=" occupant evacuation behaviour"> occupant evacuation behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=required%20safe%20egress%20time" title=" required safe egress time"> required safe egress time</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177752/the-connection-between-required-safe-egress-time-and-occupant-fire-safety-training" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177752.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">38</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9024</span> A Review of Protocols and Guidelines Addressing the Exposure of Occupants to Electromagnetic Field (EMF) Radiation in Buildings </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shabnam%20Monadizadeh">Shabnam Monadizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20Kibert"> Charles Kibert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jiaxuan%20Li"> Jiaxuan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Janghoon%20Woo"> Janghoon Woo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashish%20Asutosh"> Ashish Asutosh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samira%20Roostaei"> Samira Roostaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Kouhirostami"> Maryam Kouhirostami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A significant share of the technology that has emerged over the past several decades produces electromagnetic field (EMF) radiation. Communications devices, household appliances, industrial equipment, and medical devices all produce EMF radiation with a variety of frequencies, strengths, and ranges. Some EMF radiation, such as Extremely Low Frequency (ELF), Radio Frequency (RF), and the ionizing range have been shown to have harmful effects on human health. Depending on the frequency and strength of the radiation, EMF radiation can have health effects at the cellular level as well as at brain, nervous, and cardiovascular levels. Health authorities have enacted regulations locally and globally to set critical values to limit the adverse effects of EMF radiation. By introducing a more comprehensive field of EMF radiation study and practice, architects and designers can design for a safer electromagnetic (EM) indoor environment, and, as building and construction specialists, will be able to monitor and reduce EM radiation. This paper identifies the nature of EMF radiation in the built environment, the various EMF radiation sources, and its human health effects. It addresses European and US regulations for EMF radiation in buildings and provides a preliminary action plan. The challenges of developing measurement protocols for the various EMF radiation frequency ranges and determining the effects of EMF radiation on building occupants are discussed. This paper argues that a mature method for measuring EMF radiation in building environments and linking these measurements to human health impacts occupant health should be developed to provide adequate safeguards for human occupants of buildings for future research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biological%20affection" title="biological affection">biological affection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20field" title=" electromagnetic field"> electromagnetic field</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=building%20regulation" title=" building regulation"> building regulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20health" title=" human health"> human health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthy%20building" title=" healthy building"> healthy building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clean%20construction" title=" clean construction "> clean construction </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129637/a-review-of-protocols-and-guidelines-addressing-the-exposure-of-occupants-to-electromagnetic-field-emf-radiation-in-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129637.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9023</span> Influence of Humidity on Environmental Sustainability, Air Quality and Occupant Health</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Cintura">E. Cintura</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20I.%20Gomes"> M. I. Gomes</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays, sustainable development issues have a key role in the planning of the man-made environment. Ensuring this development means limiting the impact of human activity on nature. It is essential to secure healthy places and good living conditions. For these reasons, indoor air quality and building materials play a fundamental role in sustainable architectural projects. These factors significantly affect human health: they can radically change the quality of the internal environment and energy consumption. The use of natural materials such as earth has many beneficial aspects in comfort and indoor air quality. As well as advantages in the environmental impact of the construction, they ensure a low energy consumption. Since they are already present in nature, their production and use do not require a high-energy consumption. Furthermore, they have a high thermo-hygrometric capacity, being able to absorb moisture, contributing positively to indoor conditions. Indoor air quality is closely related to relative humidity. For these reasons, it can be affirmed that the use of earth materials guarantees a sustainable development and at the same time improves the health of the building users. This paper summarizes several researches that demonstrate the importance of indoor air quality for human health and how it strictly depends on the building materials used. Eco-efficient plasters are also considered: earth and ash mortar. The bibliography consulted has the objective of supporting future experimental and laboratory analyzes. It is necessary to carry on with research by the use of simulations and testing to confirm the hygrothermal properties of eco-efficient plasters and therefore their ability to improve indoor air quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hygroscopicity" title="hygroscopicity">hygroscopicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hygrothermal%20comfort" title=" hygrothermal comfort"> hygrothermal comfort</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mortar" title=" mortar"> mortar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plaster" title=" plaster"> plaster</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117520/influence-of-humidity-on-environmental-sustainability-air-quality-and-occupant-health" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/117520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">140</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9022</span> Optimization of Strategies and Models Review for Optimal Technologies-Based on Fuzzy Schemes for Green Architecture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ghada%20Elshafei">Ghada Elshafei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Elazim%20Negm"> A. Elazim Negm</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, Green architecture becomes a significant way to a sustainable future. Green building designs involve finding the balance between comfortable homebuilding and sustainable environment. Moreover, the utilization of the new technologies such as artificial intelligence techniques are used to complement current practices in creating greener structures to keep the built environment more sustainable. The most common objectives are green buildings should be designed to minimize the overall impact of the built environment on ecosystems in general and particularly on human health and on the natural environment. This will lead to protecting occupant health, improving employee productivity, reducing pollution and sustaining the environmental. In green building design, multiple parameters which may be interrelated, contradicting, vague and of qualitative/quantitative nature are broaden to use. This paper presents a comprehensive critical state of art review of current practices based on fuzzy and its combination techniques. Also, presented how green architecture/building can be improved using the technologies that been used for analysis to seek optimal green solutions strategies and models to assist in making the best possible decision out of different alternatives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20architecture%2Fbuilding" title="green architecture/building">green architecture/building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=technologies" title=" technologies"> technologies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategies" title=" strategies"> strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20techniques" title=" fuzzy techniques"> fuzzy techniques</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=models" title=" models"> models</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26687/optimization-of-strategies-and-models-review-for-optimal-technologies-based-on-fuzzy-schemes-for-green-architecture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26687.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">475</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9021</span> Investigation of Sick Building Syndrome in Student Dormitories</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Ghasemi">Maryam Ghasemi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) occurs when residents experience negative health impacts linked to their time spent there. Nevertheless, no single symptom or cause can be identified immediately. The confinement may be concentrated or localized in a particular room or area or spread throughout the building. Often, predicaments appear when a building is determined or maintained differently from its original design or intended operating procedures or purposes. Sometimes indoor air problems result from poor building design and occupant activities. This is a case study about a problem that is still going on in the Alfam Studios Dormitory. The goal is to find out if there is a case of SBS at the Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU). The methodology used in this article is both qualitative and quantitative. The information was gathered through a review of the literature, observations, a questionnaire, and interviews with the students' neighbors. There are twelve studio rooms, and in each studio room, two students live. The questionnaires and discussions took place with all twenty-four students. This study showed that in the dormitory design, ventilation and lighting in terms of sick building syndrome might not have been considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sick%20building" title="sick building">sick building</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lighting" title=" lighting"> lighting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ventilation" title=" ventilation"> ventilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=illness" title=" illness"> illness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humidity" title=" humidity"> humidity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160264/investigation-of-sick-building-syndrome-in-student-dormitories" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">77</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">9020</span> The Impact of Passive Design Factors on House Energy Efficiency for New Cities in Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Mourad">Mahmoud Mourad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Hamza%20H.%20Ali"> Ahmad Hamza H. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.Ookawara"> S.Ookawara</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Kamel%20Abdel-Rahman"> Ali Kamel Abdel-Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nady%20M.%20Abdelkariem"> Nady M. Abdelkariem </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The energy consumption of a house can be affected simultaneously by many building design factors related to its main architectural features, building elements and materials. This study focuses on the impact of passive design factors on the annual energy consumption of a suggested prototype house for single-family detached houses of 240 m2 in two floors, each floor of 120 m2 in new Egyptian cities located in (Alexandria - Cairo - Siwa - Assuit – Aswan) which resemble five different climatic zones (Northern coast – Northern upper Egypt - dessert region- Southern upper Egypt – South Egypt) respectively. This study present the effect of the passive design factors affecting the building energy consumption as building orientation, building material (walls, roof and slabs), building type (residential, educational, commercial), building occupancy (type of occupant, no. of occupant, age), building landscape and site selection, building envelope and fenestration (glazing material, shading), and building plan form. This information can be used to estimate the approximate saving in energy consumption, which would result on a change in the design datum for the future houses development, and to identify the major design problems for energy efﬁciency. To achieve the above objective, this paper presents a study for the factors affecting on the building energy consumption in the hot arid area in new Egyptian cities in five different climatic zones , followed by defining the energy needs for different utilization in this suggested prototype house. Consequently, a detailed analysis of the available Renewable Energy utilizations technologies used in the suggested home, and a calculation of the energy as a function of yearly distribution that required for this home will presented. The results obtained from building annual energy analyses show that architecture passive design factors saves about 35% of the annual energy consumption. It shows also passive cooling techniques saves about 45%, and renewable energy systems saves about 40% of the annual energy needs for this proposed home depending on the cities location on the climatic zones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=architecture%20passive%20design%20factors" title="architecture passive design factors">architecture passive design factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20efficient%20homes" title=" energy efficient homes"> energy efficient homes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Egypt%20new%20cites" title=" Egypt new cites"> Egypt new cites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=renewable%20energy%20technologies" title=" renewable energy technologies"> renewable energy technologies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27610/the-impact-of-passive-design-factors-on-house-energy-efficiency-for-new-cities-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27610.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">401</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupant%27s%20health&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=occupant%27s%20health&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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