CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" data-uri="slate.com/_pages/cjhwd97fc0000i6klk3qsdkf0@published" data-layout-uri="slate.com/_layouts/layout-one-column/instances/standalone@published" data-myslateUrl="https://my.slate.com" data-env="prod" data-trackingdomain=".slate.com" > <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1,shrink-to-fit=no"> <link rel="preload" href="https://dot.cdnslate.com/static/fonts/slate-com/Register-Heavy-subset.a571c0d.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin /> <link rel="preload" href="https://dot.cdnslate.com/static/fonts/slate-com/Register-HeavyItalic-subset.d42bb80.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin /> <link rel="preload" href="https://dot.cdnslate.com/static/fonts/slate-com/Retina-Book-subset.dc123e1.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin /> <link rel="preload" href="https://dot.cdnslate.com/static/fonts/slate-com/Retina-BookItalic-subset.e351a4d.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin /> <link rel="preload" href="https://dot.cdnslate.com/static/fonts/slate-com/Retina-Bold-subset.77f1049.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin /> <link rel="preload" href="https://dot.cdnslate.com/static/fonts/slate-com/Retina-BoldItalic-subset.c2b4700.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://compote.slate.com/" crossorigin /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://geolocation.onetrust.com/" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://experience.piano.io" /> <script> window.slateGlobal = { abTests: {} }; (function() { "use strict";void 0===window.slateGlobal&&(window.slateGlobal={}),window.slateGlobal.injectScript=function(e,t,a){var c=document.createElement("script");c.src=e,t&&c.addEventListener("load",t),a&&c.addEventListener("error",a),document.head.appendChild(c)},window.slateGlobal.injectScriptSync=function(e){document.write('<script src="'+e+'"><\/script>')},Object.freeze(window.slateGlobal);try{var theme=localStorage.getItem("theme")}catch(e){}var matches=location.search.match(/\btheme=(\w+)/);matches&&(theme=matches[1]),-1===["light","dark","auto"].indexOf(theme)&&(theme="light"),document.documentElement.classList.add("theme-"+theme); }()) </script>   <title>Slate about us.</title> <meta property="og:title" content="About Us"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="About Us">  <link rel="canonical" href="https://slate.com/about"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://slate.com/about"> <meta property="twitter:url" content="https://slate.com/about"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large">  <meta name="description" content="Slate is a daily magazine on the web. Founded in 1996, we offer analysis and commentary about politics, news, business, technology, and culture. "> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Slate is a daily magazine on the web. Founded in 1996, we offer analysis and commentary about politics, news, business, technology, and culture. "> <meta property="og:description" content="Slate is a daily magazine on the web. Founded in 1996, we offer analysis and commentary about politics, news, business, technology, and culture. ">  <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://dot.cdnslate.com/static/media/sites/slate-com/icon.400x400.09ec623.png" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://dot.cdnslate.com/static/media/sites/slate-com/icon.400x400.09ec623.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content=400 />  <script data-uri="slate.com/_components/permutive/instances/ck5fjgt9g0hahtbkrj1vzwzx5@published" class="permutive" data-permutive-project-id=16d3bd5c-bf92-4bf0-815a-eac397d3aadf > !function(n,e,o,r,i){if(!e){e=e||{},window.permutive=e,e.q=[],e.config=i||{},e.config.projectId=o,e.config.apiKey=r,e.config.environment=e.config.environment||"production";for(var t=["addon","identify","track","trigger","query","segment","segments","ready","on","once","user","consent"],c=0;c<t.length;c++){var f=t[c];e[f]=function(n){return function(){var o=Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,0);e.q.push({functionName:n,arguments:o})}}(f)}}}(document,window.permutive, "16d3bd5c-bf92-4bf0-815a-eac397d3aadf","dd4993d6-d26a-48b5-bf2d-05b09fb85de3",{consentRequired: true}); window.googletag=window.googletag||{},window.googletag.cmd=window.googletag.cmd||[],window.googletag.cmd.push(function(){if(0===window.googletag.pubads().getTargeting("permutive").length){var g=window.localStorage.getItem("_pdfps");window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting("permutive",g?JSON.parse(g):[])}}); window.slatePermutiveData = {"page":{"article":{"pageType":"article","id":"slate.com/_components/standalone-page/instances/cjhwd97fp0009i6klghwglz9v","title":"About Us","authors":[],"section":"","rubric":"","keywords":[],"gsChannels":[],"publishedTime":"2020-01-15T16:48:03+00:00"}}}; </script>   <meta name="twitter:site" content="@slate" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/Slate" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="142011022527753" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Slate Magazine" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <link rel="manifest" href="/media/sites/slate-com/web-app-manifest.json" /> <meta name="theme-color" content="#f8f8f8" media="(prefers-color-scheme: light)" /> <meta name="theme-color" content="#000000" media="(prefers-color-scheme: dark)" />  <link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico"> <link rel="icon" href="/media/components/meta-icons/favicon.svg" type="image/svg+xml"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/media/sites/slate-com/icon.180x180.png"> <script data-uri="slate.com/_components/polyfills/instances/singleton@published">(function(){ var p='/media/components/polyfills/' function n(f){return p+f+'.min.js'} function i(f){slateGlobal.injectScriptSync(n(f))}if(typeof CSS === 'undefined' || typeof CSS.supports === 'undefined' || !CSS.supports('object-fit', 'cover'))i("object-fit-images") if(!HTMLElement.prototype.closest)i('element-closest-polyfill') if(!window.Promise||!window.URL||!window.URLSearchParams||!window.Map||!Array.from)i('core-js-bundle') if(!window.fetch)i('whatwg-fetch') if(/Trident|MSIE/.test(navigator.userAgent))slateGlobal.injectScript(n('svg4everybody'),function(){svg4everybody()}) if(!window.IntersectionObserver)i('intersection-observer')}())</script> <script data-theme-font="" data-uri="slate.com/_components/fontfaceobserver/instances/fontfaceobserver@published"> /* Font Face Observer v2.1.0 - © Bram Stein. License: BSD-3-Clause */(function(){function l(a,b){document.addEventListener?a.addEventListener("scroll",b,!1):a.attachEvent("scroll",b)}function m(a){document.body?a():document.addEventListener?document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function c(){document.removeEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",c);a()}):document.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function k(){if("interactive"==document.readyState||"complete"==document.readyState)document.detachEvent("onreadystatechange",k),a()})};function t(a){this.a=document.createElement("div");this.a.setAttribute("aria-hidden","true");this.a.appendChild(document.createTextNode(a));this.b=document.createElement("span");this.c=document.createElement("span");this.h=document.createElement("span");this.f=document.createElement("span");this.g=-1;this.b.style.cssText="max-width:none;display:inline-block;position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;overflow:scroll;font-size:16px;";this.c.style.cssText="max-width:none;display:inline-block;position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;overflow:scroll;font-size:16px;"; this.f.style.cssText="max-width:none;display:inline-block;position:absolute;height:100%;width:100%;overflow:scroll;font-size:16px;";this.h.style.cssText="display:inline-block;width:200%;height:200%;font-size:16px;max-width:none;";this.b.appendChild(this.h);this.c.appendChild(this.f);this.a.appendChild(this.b);this.a.appendChild(this.c)} function u(a,b){a.a.style.cssText="max-width:none;min-width:20px;min-height:20px;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;width:auto;margin:0;padding:0;top:-999px;white-space:nowrap;font-synthesis:none;font:"+b+";"}function z(a){var b=a.a.offsetWidth,c=b+100;a.f.style.width=c+"px";a.c.scrollLeft=c;a.b.scrollLeft=a.b.scrollWidth+100;return a.g!==b?(a.g=b,!0):!1}function A(a,b){function c(){var a=k;z(a)&&a.a.parentNode&&b(a.g)}var k=a;l(a.b,c);l(a.c,c);z(a)};function B(a,b){var c=b||{};this.family=a;this.style=c.style||"normal";this.weight=c.weight||"normal";this.stretch=c.stretch||"normal"}var C=null,D=null,E=null,F=null;function G(){if(null===D)if(J()&&/Apple/.test(window.navigator.vendor)){var a=/AppleWebKit\/([0-9]+)(?:\.([0-9]+))(?:\.([0-9]+))/.exec(window.navigator.userAgent);D=!!a&&603>parseInt(a[1],10)}else D=!1;return D}function J(){null===F&&(F=!!document.fonts);return F} function K(){if(null===E){var a=document.createElement("div");try{a.style.font="condensed 100px sans-serif"}catch(b){}E=""!==a.style.font}return E}function L(a,b){return[a.style,a.weight,K()?a.stretch:"","100px",b].join(" ")} B.prototype.load=function(a,b){var c=this,k=a||"BESbswy",r=0,n=b||3E3,H=(new Date).getTime();return new Promise(function(a,b){if(J()&&!G()){var M=new Promise(function(a,b){function e(){(new Date).getTime()-H>=n?b(Error(""+n+"ms timeout exceeded")):document.fonts.load(L(c,'"'+c.family+'"'),k).then(function(c){1<=c.length?a():setTimeout(e,25)},b)}e()}),N=new Promise(function(a,c){r=setTimeout(function(){c(Error(""+n+"ms timeout exceeded"))},n)});Promise.race([N,M]).then(function(){clearTimeout(r);a(c)}, b)}else m(function(){function v(){var b;if(b=-1!=f&&-1!=g||-1!=f&&-1!=h||-1!=g&&-1!=h)(b=f!=g&&f!=h&&g!=h)||(null===C&&(b=/AppleWebKit\/([0-9]+)(?:\.([0-9]+))/.exec(window.navigator.userAgent),C=!!b&&(536>parseInt(b[1],10)||536===parseInt(b[1],10)&&11>=parseInt(b[2],10))),b=C&&(f==w&&g==w&&h==w||f==x&&g==x&&h==x||f==y&&g==y&&h==y)),b=!b;b&&(d.parentNode&&d.parentNode.removeChild(d),clearTimeout(r),a(c))}function I(){if((new Date).getTime()-H>=n)d.parentNode&&d.parentNode.removeChild(d),b(Error(""+ n+"ms timeout exceeded"));else{var a=document.hidden;if(!0===a||void 0===a)f=e.a.offsetWidth,g=p.a.offsetWidth,h=q.a.offsetWidth,v();r=setTimeout(I,50)}}var e=new t(k),p=new t(k),q=new t(k),f=-1,g=-1,h=-1,w=-1,x=-1,y=-1,d=document.createElement("div");d.dir="ltr";u(e,L(c,"sans-serif"));u(p,L(c,"serif"));u(q,L(c,"monospace"));d.appendChild(e.a);d.appendChild(p.a);d.appendChild(q.a);document.body.appendChild(d);w=e.a.offsetWidth;x=p.a.offsetWidth;y=q.a.offsetWidth;I();A(e,function(a){f=a;v()});u(e, L(c,'"'+c.family+'",sans-serif'));A(p,function(a){g=a;v()});u(p,L(c,'"'+c.family+'",serif'));A(q,function(a){h=a;v()});u(q,L(c,'"'+c.family+'",monospace'))})})};"object"===typeof module?module.exports=B:(window.FontFaceObserver=B,window.FontFaceObserver.prototype.load=B.prototype.load);}()); !function(){"use strict";function t(e){try{return Boolean(localStorage.getItem(e))}catch(t){return console.error("Error getting "+e+" in localStorage",t),!1}}function e(t){try{localStorage.setItem(t,!0)}catch(t){console.error("Error accessing localStorage",t)}}var o,n,a=[],l="slate_site_fonts",c=(t(l)||[["Retina"],["Retina",null,"italic"],["Retina","bold"],["Retina","bold","italic"],["Register","bold"],["Register","bold","italic"]].forEach(function(t){a.push(new FontFaceObserver(t[0],{weight:t[1]||"normal",style:t[2]||"normal"}).load())}),document.currentScript.dataset.themeFont);c&&(o=c.toLowerCase().trim(),t(n="slate_theme_font_"+o)||a.push(new FontFaceObserver(c).load())),a.length?Promise.all(a).then(function(){e(l),c&&(e(n),document.documentElement.classList.add("has-theme-font")),document.documentElement.classList.add("fonts-loaded")}):(document.documentElement.classList.add("fonts-loaded"),document.documentElement.classList.toggle("has-theme-font",c))}(); </script>  <script> "use strict";window.slateCMP={oneTrust:{},TCF:{},removeTCFStub:function(){delete window.__tcfapi;var e=document.getElementsByName("__tcfapiLocator")[0];e&&e.parentNode.removeChild(e)}},window.slateCMP.oneTrust.ready=new Promise(function(e,n){window.slateCMP.oneTrust.resolve=e,window.slateCMP.oneTrust.reject=n}),window.slateCMP.TCF.ready=new Promise(function(e,n){window.slateCMP.TCF.resolve=e,window.slateCMP.TCF.reject=n}),window.slateCMP.oneTrust.ready.then(function(){"undefined"!=typeof __tcfapi&&__tcfapi("getTCData",2,function(e,n){n?window.slateCMP.TCF.resolve(e):window.slateCMP.TCF.reject(e)})});var TARGETING_CATEGORIES=["C0001","C0002","C0003","C0004","C0005","gad"];window.nonIabVendorApi={vendors:{},checkConsent:function(e){return!!window.OptanonActiveGroups&&this.vendors[e].categories.every(function(e){return-1<window.OptanonActiveGroups.indexOf(e)})},updateVendors:function(){window.OptanonActiveGroups;for(var e in this.vendors)if(n=this.checkConsent(e),this.vendors[e].initCalled)this.vendors[e].updateConsentFunc(n);else{var n=this.vendors[e].initFunc(n);if("boolean"!=typeof n)throw new Error("initFunc should return boolean. Returned "+n+".");this.vendors[e].initCalled=n}},registerVendor:function(e,n){void 0===n&&(n={categories:[],initFunc:function(e){return!1},updateConsentFunc:function(e){}});if(e in this.vendors)throw new Error(e+" already registered");if(!Array.isArray(n.categories))throw new Error("vendorOptions.categories must be an array.");if(!n.categories.length)throw new Error("vendorOptions.categories must not be empty.");for(var t=0;t<n.categories.length;t++)if(!TARGETING_CATEGORIES.includes(n.categories[t]))throw new Error(n.categories[t]+" is not a valid targeting category. Category must be one of "+TARGETING_CATEGORIES+".");if(this.vendors[e]={initCalled:!1,categories:n.categories,initFunc:n.initFunc,updateConsentFunc:n.updateConsentFunc},window.OptanonActiveGroups&&(o=this.checkConsent(e))){var o=this.vendors[e].initFunc(o);if("boolean"!=typeof o)throw new Error("initFunc should return boolean. Returned "+o+".");this.vendors[e].initCalled=o}}}; window.slateCMP.TCF.resolve({gdprApplies: false}); </script> <script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/scripttemplates/otSDKStub.js" data-domain-script="0e1d2de3-ec2a-48ca-8f78-11045575a199" data-ignore-ga='true'></script> <script src="https://cdn.cookielaw.org/opt-out/otCCPAiab.js" type="text/javascript" charset="UTF-8" ccpa-opt-out-ids="C0004,gad" ccpa-opt-out-geo="ca" ccpa-opt-out-lspa="true"></script> <script> function OptanonWrapper() { try { window.slateCMP.oneTrust.resolve(); window.nonIabVendorApi.updateVendors() } catch (e) { console.warn('failed to setup onetrust', e) } } </script>  <script data-uri="slate.com/_components/analytics-js-loader/instances/general@published" class="analytics-js-loader" data-amplitude-api-key="5a7cb616c0717cb7f4f0eee43d9f4e1c" data-amplitude-log-level="Error" data-amplitude-domain=".slate.com" data-parsely-script-src="https://fpa-cdn.slate.com/keys/slate.com/p.js" > // we define this ASAP beacuse lots of components call amplitude window.slateAmplitudeQueue = { _q: [], initCalled: false, instance: null, push: function(callback) { if (this.initCalled) { callback(this.instance); this.processQueue(); } else { this._q.push(callback); } }, processQueue: function() { for (var i = 0; i < this._q.length; i++) { this._q[i](this.instance); } this._q = []; }, init: function(instance, consent) { this.instance = instance; this.instance.setOptOut(!consent); if (consent) { this.processQueue(); } this.initCalled = true; } }; window.slateParsely = { leadCaptureEvents: [], trackLeadCapture(event) { if (!window.PARSELY || !window.PARSELY.loaded) { // Run through the leadCaptureEvents queue in client.js when Parsely loads this.leadCaptureEvents.push(event) return; } window.PARSELY.conversions.trackLeadCapture(event); } } </script> <style>/* file to fool amphora into not inlining our fonts! */ .tp-modal-open.tp-modal-open{overflow:initial!important}.tp-backdrop{--bg-color:#6b4d64;--bg-color-hsl:314deg,16.3043478261%,36.0784313725%;background-color:hsla(var(--bg-color-hsl),.2)!important}:where(.theme-dark) .tp-backdrop{--bg-color:#ab99a7;--bg-color-hsl:313.3333333333deg,9.6774193548%,63.5294117647%}.tp-close:is(.tp-close):is(.tp-close):is(.tp-close){top:2px;right:2px;border-radius:0;-webkit-box-shadow:none!important;box-shadow:none!important;background:0 0;width:40px;height:40px;padding:10px;-webkit-transition:opacity .12s ease;transition:opacity .12s ease;opacity:.6}.tp-close:is(.tp-close):is(.tp-close):is(.tp-close):enabled:hover,.tp-close:is(.tp-close):is(.tp-close):is(.tp-close):focus-visible{-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none;opacity:1}.tp-close:is(.tp-close):is(.tp-close):is(.tp-close):focus-visible{border:none;outline:dotted var(--theme-color,#ff0e50);outline-offset:1px}.tp-close:is(.tp-close):is(.tp-close):is(.tp-close)::before{content:"";display:block;height:100%;width:100%;background:url(/media/sites/slate-com/global-sprite.svg) no-repeat;background-size:20px 20px}.tp-container-inner,.tp-iframe-wrapper:is(.tp-iframe-wrapper){height:auto!important;width:auto!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:where(.theme-auto) .tp-backdrop{--bg-color:#ab99a7;--bg-color-hsl:313.3333333333deg,9.6774193548%,63.5294117647%}:where(.theme-auto) .tp-close:is(.tp-close):is(.tp-close):is(.tp-close)::before{-webkit-filter:invert();filter:invert()}}:where(.theme-dark) .tp-close:is(.tp-close):is(.tp-close):is(.tp-close)::before{-webkit-filter:invert();filter:invert()}.tp-iframe-wrapper:is(.tp-iframe-wrapper){background:#fff;color:var(--txt-color);font-size:1rem;translate:calc(50vw - 50%) var(--dialog-top,calc(50vh - 50%));max-height:min(100vh,100vh - 30px);margin:0;border:1px solid #eae6e9!important;border-radius:3px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 4px 10px rgba(0,0,10,.15);box-shadow:0 4px 10px rgba(0,0,10,.15);max-width:min(40rem,100vw - 30px)}@-webkit-keyframes dialog-open{from{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}@keyframes dialog-open{from{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}.tp-iframe-wrapper:is(.tp-iframe-wrapper)[open]{-webkit-animation:.24s .12s both dialog-open;animation:.24s .12s both dialog-open}.tp-iframe-wrapper:is(.tp-iframe-wrapper)[open]::-webkit-backdrop{-webkit-animation:.12s both dialog-open;animation:.12s both dialog-open}.tp-iframe-wrapper:is(.tp-iframe-wrapper)[open]::backdrop{-webkit-animation:.12s both dialog-open;animation:.12s both dialog-open}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:where(.theme-auto) .tp-iframe-wrapper:is(.tp-iframe-wrapper){background:#1a0014;border-color:#56334e!important}}:where(.theme-dark) .tp-iframe-wrapper:is(.tp-iframe-wrapper){background:#1a0014;border-color:#56334e!important}#tp-recaptcha .grecaptcha-badge.grecaptcha-badge{visibility:hidden!important}@supports(display:grid){.standalone-page__fullbleed-content{margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);margin-right:calc(50% - 50vw);width:100vw}.standalone-page--regular{--theme-color:var(--theme-color-light);--theme-color-rgb:var(--theme-color-light-rgb)}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:where(.theme-auto) .standalone-page--regular{--theme-color:var(--theme-color-dark, var(--theme-color-light));--theme-color-rgb:var(--theme-color-dark-rgb, var(--theme-color-rgb))}}:where(.theme-dark) .standalone-page--regular{--theme-color:var(--theme-color-dark, var(--theme-color-light));--theme-color-rgb:var(--theme-color-dark-rgb, var(--theme-color-rgb))}@supports(display:grid){.standalone-page--regular{margin:0 0 1.8rem}@media(min-width:768px){.standalone-page--regular{margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);margin-right:calc(50% - 50vw);width:100vw;display:grid;grid-column-gap:15px;grid-template-columns:1fr 620px 1fr}}@media(min-width:1024px){.standalone-page--regular{grid-column-gap:20px;grid-template-columns:1fr 125.71px 708.57px 125.71px 1fr}}@media(min-width:1440px){.standalone-page--regular{grid-template-columns:1fr 240px 780px 240px 1fr}}.standalone-page--regular:before{grid-column:1;content:""}.standalone-page--regular:after{content:"";grid-column-end:4}@media(min-width:1024px){.standalone-page--regular:after{grid-column-end:6}}@media print{.standalone-page--regular{display:block;max-width:40em;margin:0 auto}}}@media screen and (-ms-high-contrast:active),screen and (-ms-high-contrast:none){.standalone-page--regular{max-width:1000px;margin:auto}}@media screen and (-ms-high-contrast:active)and (min-width:1440px),screen and (-ms-high-contrast:none)and (min-width:1440px){.standalone-page--regular{max-width:1300px}}.standalone-page--regular .standalone-page__fullbleed-content{grid-column:1/-1}.standalone-page__header{grid-column:2}@media(min-width:1024px){.standalone-page__header{grid-column:3}}.standalone-page__header--center{text-align:center}.standalone-page__body,.standalone-page__share-sidebar{grid-column:2}@media(min-width:1024px){.standalone-page__body{grid-column:3}}.standalone-page--wide .standalone-page__body{grid-column:2}@media(min-width:1440px){.standalone-page--wide .standalone-page__body{grid-column:3}}}.standalone-page__hed{font-family:Georgia,Times,serif;font-weight:700;font-size:1.6800234952rem;line-height:1.1;margin:0 0 .3em}.fonts-loaded .standalone-page__hed{font-family:Register,Georgia,Times,serif}@media(min-width:768px){.standalone-page__hed{font-size:2.3234720499rem}}@media(min-width:1024px){.standalone-page__hed{font-size:2.6452473706rem}}@media(min-width:1440px){.standalone-page__hed{font-size:3.0115850337rem}}.standalone-page__dek{font-size:1.067rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.2;color:#444;color:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.85);margin:0 0 1em}@media(min-width:768px){.standalone-page__dek{font-size:1.138489rem;margin-bottom:1.4em}}@media(min-width:1024px){.standalone-page__dek{font-size:1.3829997357rem}.standalone-page__share-sidebar{padding-top:44px}}@media(min-width:1440px){.standalone-page__dek{font-size:1.475660718rem}}.js-podcast-feed--error .standalone-page__dek,.js-podcast-feed--loading .standalone-page__dek,.js-podcast-feed--no-access .standalone-page__dek{display:none}@media print{.standalone-page iframe{display:none}}@media screen and (-ms-high-contrast:active),screen and (-ms-high-contrast:none){.standalone-page{max-width:1000px;margin:auto}}@media screen and (-ms-high-contrast:active)and (min-width:1440px),screen and (-ms-high-contrast:none)and (min-width:1440px){.standalone-page{max-width:1300px}}.slate-paragraph--drop-cap::first-letter{font-family:"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:700;float:left;line-height:.5;font-size:5.3rem;margin:.8rem .3rem 0 -.3rem;color:#a66884;color:var(--theme-color,#a66884)}.fonts-loaded .slate-paragraph--drop-cap::first-letter{font-family:Retina,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}@media(min-width:768px){.slate-paragraph--drop-cap::first-letter{margin-top:1.1rem}}@-moz-document url-prefix(){.slate-paragraph--drop-cap::first-letter{margin-top:.07em}}.slate-paragraph__drop-cap{float:left;width:6em;margin-right:.4em}.slate-paragraph__first-word{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border-width:0}.slate-paragraph--tombstone{display:inline-block}.slate-paragraph--tombstone::after{display:inline-block;width:14px;height:14px;border-width:6.09px;border-color:#a66884;border-color:var(--bracket-color,var(--theme-color,#a66884));border-style:none solid solid none;content:"";margin-left:.2em}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:where(.theme-auto) .slate-paragraph--tombstone::after{border-color:var(--bracket-color,var(--theme-color,#c39bad))}}:where(.theme-dark) .slate-paragraph--tombstone::after{border-color:var(--bracket-color,var(--theme-color,#c39bad))}@media(max-width:768px){.slate-paragraph--tombstone::after{width:10px;height:10px;border-width:4.35px}}.subhead{font-family:"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:700;margin:1em 0 .5em}.fonts-loaded .subhead{font-family:Retina,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.subhead a{text-decoration:none;border-bottom:2px solid #ff0e50;border-color:var(--theme-color,#ff0e50)}.subhead a:focus,.subhead a:hover{color:#ff0e50;color:var(--theme-color,#ff0e50);border-color:transparent}.subhead em{font-style:italic}@media print{.subhead{page-break-after:avoid;-webkit-column-break-after:avoid;-moz-column-break-after:avoid;break-after:avoid-page}}h3.subhead{font-size:1.2961572031rem}@media(min-width:768px){h3.subhead{font-size:1.475660718rem}}h4.subhead{font-size:1.214767763rem}.live h4.subhead{color:#e60d48}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:where(.theme-auto) .live h4.subhead{color:#ff0e50}}:where(.theme-dark) .live h4.subhead{color:#ff0e50}.subhead--ascending,.subhead--descending{font-family:Georgia,Times,serif;font-weight:700;margin-top:3rem;position:relative}.fonts-loaded .subhead--ascending,.fonts-loaded .subhead--descending{font-family:Register,Georgia,Times,serif}.subhead--ascending.subhead,.subhead--descending.subhead{font-size:1.6800234952rem}.subhead--ascending>.subhead__marker,.subhead--descending>.subhead__marker{content:"";color:#a66884;color:var(--theme-color,#a66884);font-size:2em;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:baseline;-ms-flex-align:baseline;align-items:baseline}@media(min-width:1024px){.subhead--ascending>.subhead__marker,.subhead--descending>.subhead__marker{line-height:.9;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-align:end;-ms-flex-align:end;align-items:flex-end;position:absolute;right:100%;margin-right:1.25rem}}.subhead--unordered{font-family:Georgia,Times,serif;font-weight:700;margin-top:3rem;position:relative}.fonts-loaded .subhead--unordered{font-family:Register,Georgia,Times,serif}.subhead--unordered.subhead{font-size:1.6800234952rem}.subhead--unordered>.subhead__marker{content:"";color:#a66884;color:var(--theme-color,#a66884);width:.55em;height:.55em;border-width:.2391304348em;border-color:currentColor;border-color:var(--bracket-color,var(--theme-color,currentColor));border-style:solid solid none none;-webkit-transform:rotateZ(45deg);transform:rotateZ(45deg);margin-bottom:.5em;top:.1em;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:baseline;-ms-flex-align:baseline;align-items:baseline}@media(min-width:1024px){.subhead--unordered>.subhead__marker{line-height:.9;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-align:end;-ms-flex-align:end;align-items:flex-end;position:absolute;right:100%;margin-right:1.25rem}}.subhead__tied{font-family:"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.07em;font-size:.25em;color:#444;margin-left:.4em}.fonts-loaded .subhead__tied{font-family:Retina,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.subhead__subtext{font-size:.75em;font-family:"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;margin:.25em 0;color:#444;color:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.85)}.fonts-loaded .subhead__subtext{font-family:Retina,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}@media print{.slate-analytics-js{display:none}}.masthead,.menu__content{background:var(--bg-color)}.masthead__login,.mobile-account__link,.mobile-masthead__link,.sections__link,.strapline__text[href],.widgets__item,a.mobile-sections__link{text-decoration:none}.masthead{display:block}.masthead [hidden]{display:none}.widgets,.widgets__item{display:-ms-flexbox;-webkit-box-align:center}.masthead button,.masthead input{font-family:"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:1em}.fonts-loaded .masthead button,.fonts-loaded .masthead input{font-family:Retina,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}.masthead__wrapper{padding:0 15px}.masthead__container{margin:0 auto}@media(min-width:1024px){.masthead__container{max-width:1000px}.masthead--sticky{position:fixed;top:0}body:has(.masthead--sticky){padding-top:40px}}@media(min-width:1440px){.masthead__container{max-width:1300px}}.masthead__login:focus,.masthead__login:hover{-webkit-filter:opacity(.8);filter:opacity(.8)}.masthead--sticky{width:100%;z-index:7}.widgets{display:-webkit-box;display:flex;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;height:40px;list-style:none;gap:20px;padding:0}.masthead__wrapper:has(>.widgets){background:#e9e6ea}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:where(.theme-auto) .masthead__wrapper:has(>.widgets){background:#2c0022}}:where(.theme-dark) .masthead__wrapper:has(>.widgets){background:#2c0022}.widgets__item{height:100%;font-size:.7715113549rem;cursor:pointer;outline-color:transparent;-webkit-transition:color .12s ease,fill .12s ease,border-color .12s ease,outline-color .12s ease,outline-style .12s ease;transition:color .12s ease,fill .12s ease,border-color .12s ease,outline-color .12s ease,outline-style .12s ease;color:#222;color:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),1);display:-webkit-box;display:flex;gap:.4em;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;margin:0}@media(min-width:1024px)and (max-width:1439px){.widgets__item{font-size:.8232026157rem}}.widgets__item:focus,.widgets__item:hover{color:#ff0e50;color:var(--theme-color,#ff0e50)}.widgets__item.slate-button{--button-color:#ff0e50;--button-color-hsl:343.5684647303deg,100%,52.7450980392%;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;border-radius:3px;color:#fff;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding:.4em .4em .3em}.widgets__icon{fill:#666;fill:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.7);fill:#ff0e50;width:1.1em;height:1.1em;translate:0 -1px}.slate-button .widgets__icon{fill:currentColor}.widgets__dropdown{display:inline-block}.widgets__dropdown>button.dropdown__button{border:none;padding-left:0;padding-right:0}@media print{.widgets{display:none}}@media(max-width:767px){.desktop-masthead{display:none}}.skip-to-main{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border-width:0;background:hsla(var(--bg-color-hsl),.5);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(.1em);backdrop-filter:blur(.1em)}.skip-to-main:focus{width:auto;height:auto;clip:auto}.main-nav{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:end;-ms-flex-align:end;align-items:flex-end;height:100px;-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;box-sizing:content-box;padding-bottom:1rem;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;border-color:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.2)}.main-nav__logo{line-height:0;-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 1 200px;flex:1 1 200px;min-width:168px;max-width:240px;margin-right:.5em}@media(min-width:1440px){.main-nav__logo{max-width:258px}}.mini-nav{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;border-color:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.2)}.mini-nav__content{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;font-size:.7715113549rem;font-size:.8232026157rem}.masthead .search-form,.sections{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox}@media(min-width:1024px)and (max-width:1439px){.mini-nav__content{font-size:.8232026157rem}}.mini-nav__logo{padding-top:2px;overflow:clip;height:40px}.mini-nav__search{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex-positive:1;flex-grow:1;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end}.mini-nav__account{line-height:1;margin:0}.masthead .logo{width:100%;height:auto;max-height:80px;fill:#2c0022;translate:0 3.2%}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:where(.theme-auto) .masthead .logo{fill:#fff}}:where(.theme-dark) .masthead .logo{fill:#fff}.masthead .search-form{display:flex;-webkit-box-align:baseline;-ms-flex-align:baseline;align-items:baseline;position:relative;-webkit-transition:all .1s;transition:all .1s}.masthead .search-form:focus-within .search-form__input{cursor:initial;outline:0;border-bottom-color:#ff0e50;-webkit-transform:translateX(0);transform:translateX(0);width:20vw}.masthead .search-form:focus-within .search-form__input:focus:not(:-moz-placeholder-shown){min-width:10em}.masthead .search-form:focus-within .search-form__input:focus:not(:placeholder-shown){min-width:10em}.masthead .search-form:focus-within .search-form__label{opacity:0}.masthead .search-form:focus-within .search-form__submit{opacity:1;-webkit-transform:translateX(0);transform:translateX(0);z-index:1}.masthead .search-form__input,.masthead .search-form__label,.masthead .search-form__submit{-webkit-transition:all .1s;transition:all .1s}.masthead .search-form__icon{width:1.1em;height:1.1em;vertical-align:text-bottom;cursor:pointer}.masthead .search-form__label{-webkit-box-ordinal-group:2;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;fill:#666;fill:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.7);margin-right:.2em;-webkit-transform:translateX(2em);transform:translateX(2em)}.masthead .search-form__submit{border:none;background:0 0;-webkit-box-ordinal-group:4;-ms-flex-order:3;order:3;fill:#ff0e50;opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateX(2em);transform:translateX(2em);z-index:-5}.masthead .search-form__input{-webkit-box-ordinal-group:3;-ms-flex-order:2;order:2;background:0 0;border:none;border-bottom:1px solid transparent;padding:0;min-width:3.2em;color:inherit;cursor:pointer;-webkit-transform:translateX(2em);transform:translateX(2em);width:3.2em}.masthead .search-form__input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:inherit;opacity:1}.masthead .search-form__input::-moz-placeholder{color:inherit;opacity:1}.masthead .search-form__input::-ms-input-placeholder{color:inherit;opacity:1}.masthead .search-form__input::placeholder{color:inherit;opacity:1}.masthead .search-form__input::-moz-selection{background-color:#e1cdd6}.masthead .search-form__input::selection{background-color:#e1cdd6}.masthead .search-form__input:-webkit-autofill{-webkit-text-fill-color:#fff}@media print{.masthead .search-form{display:none}}.sections{margin:1.5em 0 0;list-style:none;padding:0;display:flex;font-size:2vw;line-height:1cap}.sections__item{margin-left:.5em;white-space:nowrap}@media(min-width:768px){.sections__item{padding-left:.25em;padding-right:.25em}}@media(min-width:1024px){.sections{font-size:1.067rem}.sections__item{padding-left:.5em;padding-right:.5em}}.sections__link{border-bottom:4px solid transparent;padding-bottom:.2em;-webkit-transition:border .2s;transition:border .2s}.sections__link:focus,.sections__link:hover,.sections__link[aria-current]{border-color:#ff0e50}.mobile-masthead{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;height:50px;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;border-color:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.2)}.mobile-masthead__menu{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 6.2em;flex:0 0 6.2em}.mobile-masthead__account{padding:15px;-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 6.2em;flex:0 0 6.2em}@media print{.mobile-masthead__account{display:none}}.mobile-masthead__mobile-link{font-size:.7715113549rem}@media(min-width:1024px)and (max-width:1439px){.mobile-masthead__mobile-link{font-size:.8232026157rem}}.mobile-masthead__link{border-bottom:2px solid #ff0e50;border-color:var(--theme-color,#ff0e50)}.mobile-masthead__link:focus,.mobile-masthead__link:hover{color:#ff0e50;color:var(--theme-color,#ff0e50);border-color:transparent}@media(min-width:768px){.mobile-masthead,.mobile-masthead__link{display:none}}.mobile-masthead__logo{line-height:0;-ms-flex-item-align:end;align-self:flex-end;overflow:hidden}@media(max-width:319px){.mobile-masthead__logo>a{display:inline-block;width:27px;overflow:hidden}.mobile-masthead__logo>a>.logo{width:auto}}.mobile-masthead #mobile-masthead-link .tp-container-inner{height:1.2rem!important}.menu-open,.menu-open>body{height:100%;overflow:hidden;position:fixed}.menu__header{height:50px;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between}.menu__header::after{content:"";-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 50px;flex:0 0 50px}.menu__title{font-size:1.138489rem;font-weight:700}.menu__content{position:absolute;z-index:7;top:0;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;height:100%;width:100vw;overflow-y:scroll;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;-webkit-transition:-webkit-transform .2s ease-in-out;transition:-webkit-transform .2s ease-in-out;transition:transform .2s ease-in-out;transition:transform .2s ease-in-out,-webkit-transform .2s ease-in-out}.menu:not(.menu--open)>.menu__content{-webkit-transform:translateX(-100%);transform:translateX(-100%)}.menu__control:focus+.menu__content,.menu__control:hover+.menu__content{will-change:transform}.menu__control{-webkit-box-flex:0;-ms-flex:0 0 50px;flex:0 0 50px;position:static!important;border:none;border-radius:0;padding:15px;font-size:.878357191rem;background:0 0;color:inherit}.menu__control svg{fill:#666;fill:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.7)}.menu__control:focus svg,.menu__control:hover svg{opacity:1}.menu__control--open{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;gap:.6em}@media print{.menu{display:none}}.mobile-sections{-webkit-box-flex:1;-ms-flex:1 0 auto;flex:1 0 auto}.mobile-sections__link{padding:15px;border-width:0 0 1px;border-style:solid;border-color:#ccc;fill:currentColor}.mobile-sections__link:first-child{border-top-width:1px}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:where(.theme-auto) .mobile-sections__link{border-color:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.2)}}:where(.theme-dark) .mobile-sections__link{border-color:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.2)}.mobile-sections__link--pods{fill:#ff4900}.mobile-sections__link:empty{display:none}a.mobile-sections__link{color:#222;color:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),1);display:block}a.mobile-sections__link:focus,a.mobile-sections__link:hover{-webkit-filter:opacity(.8);filter:opacity(.8)}.mag-lens{vertical-align:text-bottom;fill:#666;fill:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.7);margin-right:.2em}.mobile-account{font-size:.878357191rem;border-top:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1)}.mobile-account__link{color:#fff;float:left;width:calc(50% - .5px);text-align:center;padding:1.3em 0}.mobile-account__link:focus,.mobile-account__link:hover{color:rgba(255,255,255,.8);--theme-color:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);--theme-color-hsl:0deg,0%,100%;color:var(--theme-color,#ff0e50)}.mobile-account__link:first-child{border-right:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.1);width:calc(50% + .5px)}.strapline{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;font-size:.6776625465rem;margin:1.2rem auto 1.8em}.strapline__asterisk{margin-right:.6em;fill:#ff0e50;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;width:2.1em;height:2.3em}.strapline__text{line-height:1.5;text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.07em;color:#666;color:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.7)}.strapline__text[href]{color:inherit}.strapline__text[href]:focus,.strapline__text[href]:hover{color:#999;color:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.5)}.strapline__search{color:#444;color:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.85);margin-left:auto;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;gap:1.2em;-webkit-box-align:baseline;-ms-flex-align:baseline;align-items:baseline;font-size:.7715113549rem}@media(min-width:1024px)and (max-width:1439px){.strapline__search{font-size:.8232026157rem}}@media(max-width:767px){.strapline__search{display:none}}.theme-picker{width:5em}.theme-picker .dropdown__label>svg,.theme-picker__option>svg{fill:currentColor;vertical-align:text-bottom;opacity:.7}.theme-picker .theme-picker__button.theme-picker__button{margin:-.5em -.5714285714em}.theme-picker .dropdown__label svg{margin-right:.2em}.piano-mount__container{height:auto!important;width:100%!important}.piano-mount>.piano-id-container{height:auto!important}.piano-mount__paywall{margin-bottom:-7.8947368421rem}.piano-mount .slate-full-bleed .tp-container-inner{margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);margin-right:calc(50% - 50vw);width:100vw}.piano-mount--in-article{display:block;grid-column:3;grid-column-gap:0!important;margin:0!important;position:relative;--theme-color:var(--theme-color-light);--theme-color-rgb:var(--theme-color-light-rgb)}:where(.theme-dark) .piano-mount--in-article{--theme-color:var(--theme-color-dark, var(--theme-color-light));--theme-color-rgb:var(--theme-color-dark-rgb, var(--theme-color-rgb))}@supports(display:grid){.piano-mount--in-article{margin:0 0 1.8rem}@media(min-width:768px){.piano-mount--in-article{margin-left:calc(50% - 50vw);margin-right:calc(50% - 50vw);width:100vw;display:grid;grid-column-gap:15px;grid-template-columns:1fr 620px 1fr}}@media(min-width:1024px){.piano-mount--in-article{grid-column-gap:20px;grid-template-columns:1fr 125.71px 708.57px 125.71px 1fr}}@media(min-width:1440px){.piano-mount--in-article{grid-template-columns:1fr 240px 780px 240px 1fr}}.piano-mount--in-article:before{grid-column:1;content:""}.piano-mount--in-article:after{content:"";grid-column-end:4}@media(min-width:1024px){.piano-mount--in-article:after{grid-column-end:6}}@media print{.piano-mount--in-article{display:block;max-width:40em;margin:0 auto}}}@media screen and (-ms-high-contrast:active),screen and (-ms-high-contrast:none){.piano-mount--in-article{max-width:1000px;margin:auto}}@media screen and (-ms-high-contrast:active)and (min-width:1440px),screen and (-ms-high-contrast:none)and (min-width:1440px){.piano-mount--in-article{max-width:1300px}}.piano-mount--in-article .tp-container-inner{width:auto!important;height:auto!important;grid-column:2;position:relative;top:-8.8947368421rem;margin-bottom:-8.8947368421rem}@media(min-width:1024px){.piano-mount--in-article .tp-container-inner{grid-column:3}}.piano-mount--fixed-bottom{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;bottom:0;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;-webkit-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;justify-content:flex-end;left:0;position:fixed;top:auto;z-index:6;width:100vw!important}.piano-mount--loading>.piano-mount__loader{text-align:center;display:block}.piano-mount--loading>.piano-mount__loader::before{content:"";display:inline-block;width:1.2em;height:1.2em;border-radius:50%;border:.2em solid #2c0022;border-bottom-color:transparent!important;-webkit-animation:1s spinner-spin linear infinite;animation:1s spinner-spin linear infinite}@-webkit-keyframes spinner-spin{to{-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);transform:rotate(360deg)}}@keyframes spinner-spin{to{-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);transform:rotate(360deg)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:where(.theme-auto) .piano-mount--in-article{--theme-color:var(--theme-color-dark, var(--theme-color-light));--theme-color-rgb:var(--theme-color-dark-rgb, var(--theme-color-rgb))}:where(.theme-auto) .piano-mount--loading>.piano-mount__loader::before{border-color:#ab99a7}}:where(.theme-dark) .piano-mount--loading>.piano-mount__loader::before{border-color:#ab99a7}.piano-mount--loading>.piano-mount__loader~.piano-mount__container{visibility:hidden}.piano-mount--error>.piano-mount__error{display:block}.piano-paywall-visible .article .article__body .article__content>*,.piano-paywall-visible .article .article__body>:not(.article__content):not(.article__left-rail),.piano-paywall-visible .article__content hr,.piano-paywall-visible .article__hr{display:none}.piano-paywall-visible .article .article__body .article__content>.slate-external-video:first-child,.piano-paywall-visible .article .article__body .article__content>figure:first-child,.piano-paywall-visible .article .article__body .article__content>p:nth-of-type(-1n+2){display:block}.piano-paywall-visible .article-quiz .article-quiz__body .article-quiz__content>*,.piano-paywall-visible .article-quiz .article-quiz__body>:not(.article-quiz__content),.piano-paywall-visible .article-quiz__content hr,.piano-paywall-visible .article-quiz__hr{display:none}.piano-paywall-visible .article-quiz .article-quiz__body .article-quiz__content>.interactive-instructions,.piano-paywall-visible .article-quiz .article-quiz__body .article-quiz__content>.newsletter-signup,.piano-paywall-visible .article-quiz .article-quiz__body .article-quiz__content>.slate-external-video:first-child,.piano-paywall-visible .article-quiz .article-quiz__body .article-quiz__content>:not(.subhead)+p,.piano-paywall-visible .article-quiz .article-quiz__body .article-quiz__content>p:first-of-type{display:block}.piano-paywall-visible .article-crossword .article-crossword__body .article-crossword__content>div>:not(.crosshare),.piano-paywall-visible .article-crossword .article-crossword__body>:not(.article-crossword__content),.piano-paywall-visible .article-crossword__content hr,.piano-paywall-visible .article-crossword__hr,.piano-paywall-visible+.l-container #cxense-recs,.piano-paywall-visible+.l-container .taboola-recirc{display:none}.piano-paywall-visible .article-crossword,.piano-paywall-visible .article-crossword .article-crossword__body .article-crossword__content>div>.crosshare{margin-bottom:0}.piano-paywall-visible .article-crossword~.piano-mount .piano-mount--in-article .tp-container-inner{grid-column:2}@media(min-width:1024px)and (max-width:1439px){.piano-paywall-visible .article-crossword~.piano-mount .piano-mount--in-article .tp-container-inner{grid-column:3}}@media(min-width:1440px){.piano-paywall-visible .article--right-rail~.piano-mount .piano-mount--in-article{grid-template-columns:1fr 190px 780px 330px 1fr}.piano-paywall-visible .article-crossword~.piano-mount .piano-mount--in-article{grid-template-columns:1fr 1080px 1fr}.piano-paywall-visible .article--coverstory~.piano-mount .piano-mount--in-article{grid-template-columns:1fr 240px 780px 240px 1fr}}.global-footer{margin-top:100px;font-size:.8232026157rem;line-height:1.5;color:#fff;background:#2c0022}@media(min-width:768px){.global-footer{font-size:.7230659372rem}}@media print{.global-footer{background:0 0;color:#2c0022}}.global-footer a{color:currentColor;text-decoration:none}.global-footer a:focus,.global-footer a:hover{-webkit-filter:opacity(.8);filter:opacity(.8)}.global-footer__main{padding:40px 15px}.global-footer__main-content{margin:0 auto;display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(12,1fr);grid-column-gap:10px}@media(min-width:1024px){.global-footer{font-size:.7715113549rem}.global-footer__main-content{max-width:1000px}}@media(min-width:1440px){.global-footer__main-content{max-width:1300px}}.global-footer__about,.global-footer__ad,.global-footer__sub{grid-column:span 6}@media(min-width:768px){.global-footer__about,.global-footer__ad,.global-footer__sub{grid-column:span 2}}.global-footer__heading{text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.07em;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:.75em}@media print{.global-footer__main{padding-bottom:0}.global-footer__heading{display:none}}.global-footer__links{margin:0 0 2em;list-style:none;padding:0}.global-footer__links li{margin-bottom:.75em}.global-footer__links__cookie-prefs-link{display:-webkit-inline-box;display:-ms-inline-flexbox;display:inline-flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center}.global-footer__links__ccpa-logo{margin-right:4px}.global-footer__brand-section{grid-column:1/span 12}.global-footer__logo{max-width:200px;fill:currentColor}@media(min-width:768px){.global-footer__brand-section{grid-column:8/span 5}.global-footer__logo{max-width:100%}}.global-footer__brand-text{margin-top:.75em;margin-bottom:2em}@media print{.global-footer__links{display:none}.global-footer__brand-text{margin-bottom:.5em}.global-footer__social-links{display:none}}.global-footer__social-link{margin-right:1em;margin-bottom:.5em;display:inline-block}.global-footer__social-badge{fill:#56334e;margin-right:.5em;vertical-align:bottom}.global-footer__legal{background:#23001b;padding:1.5em 15px}.global-footer__legal-content{margin:0 auto}@media(min-width:1024px){.global-footer__legal-content{max-width:1000px}}@media(min-width:1440px){.global-footer__legal-content{max-width:1300px}}@media(min-width:768px){.global-footer__legal-content{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between}.global-footer__legal-links{margin:0}}.global-footer__legal-links{padding-left:0;list-style:none;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex}@media print{.global-footer__legal{padding-top:0}.global-footer__legal-links{display:none}}.global-footer__legal-link:first-of-type:after{content:"•";margin:0 .7em}@media(min-width:768px){.global-footer__legal-text{margin:0}}a,button:enabled{cursor:pointer}a,button,input{color:inherit}.slate-modal,body,button,input[type=checkbox]{margin:0}html{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box;overflow-x:hidden;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-moz-text-size-adjust:100%;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;text-size-adjust:100%}body{overflow-x:clip;padding:0;font-family:"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:400;background-color:var(--bg-color);color:#222;color:var(--txt-color)}.slate-button,.slate-input{padding:.5em .5714285714em}:root{--raisin-color:#2c0022;--raisin-color-hsl:313.6363636364deg,100%,8.6274509804%;--plum-color:#6a0432;--plum-color-hsl:332.9411764706deg,92.7272727273%,21.568627451%;--cherry-color:#ff0e50;--cherry-color-hsl:343.5684647303deg,100%,52.7450980392%;--clementine-color:#ffad10;--clementine-color-hsl:39.4142259414deg,100%,53.137254902%;--glacier-color:#21aaeb;--glacier-color-hsl:199.3069306931deg,83.4710743802%,52.5490196078%;--kiwi-color:#78d33d;--kiwi-color-hsl:96.4deg,63.025210084%,53.3333333333%;--mint-color:#00bfa5;--mint-color-hsl:171.832460733deg,100%,37.4509803922%;--carrot-color:#ff4900;--carrot-color-hsl:17.1764705882deg,100%,50%;--partisan-red-color:#d32f2f;--partisan-red-color-hsl:0deg,65.0793650794%,50.5882352941%;--partisan-blue-color:#1565c0;--partisan-blue-color-hsl:211.9298245614deg,80.2816901408%,41.7647058824%;--gray-2-color:#222;--gray-2-color-hsl:0deg,0%,13.3333333333%;--gray-4-color:#444;--gray-4-color-hsl:0deg,0%,26.6666666667%;--gray-6-color:#666;--gray-6-color-hsl:0deg,0%,40%;--gray-7-color:#767676;--gray-7-color-hsl:0deg,0%,46.2745098039%;--gray-9-color:#999;--gray-9-color-hsl:0deg,0%,60%;--gray-c-color:#ccc;--gray-c-color-hsl:0deg,0%,80%;--gray-d-color:#ddd;--gray-d-color-hsl:0deg,0%,86.6666666667%;--gray-f0-color:#f0f0f0;--gray-f0-color-hsl:0deg,0%,94.1176470588%;--gray-f8-color:#f8f8f8;--gray-f8-color-hsl:0deg,0%,97.2549019608%;--txt-color:#222;--txt-color-hsl:0deg,0%,13.3333333333%;--bg-color:white;--bg-color-hsl:0deg,0%,100%;--nav-color:#23001b;--nav-color-hsl:313.7142857143deg,100%,6.862745098%;--interactive-bg-color:#f0f0f0;--interactive-bg-color-hsl:0deg,0%,94.1176470588%;--interactive-scoreboard-color:#f9f9f9;--interactive-scoreboard-color-hsl:0deg,0%,97.6470588235%;--interactive-border-color:#e9e6ea;--interactive-border-color-hsl:285deg,8.6956521739%,90.9803921569%;--label-color:#88365b;--label-color-hsl:332.9268292683deg,43.1578947368%,37.2549019608%;--heading-color:#2c0022;--heading-color-hsl:313.6363636364deg,100%,8.6274509804%;font-size:17px;accent-color:var(--theme-color,var(--cherry-color))}@media(min-width:768px){:root{font-size:19px}}@media(min-width:1024px){:root{font-size:17px}}@media(min-width:1440px){:root{font-size:19px}}.theme-dark{--bg-color:#1a0014;--bg-color-hsl:313.8461538462deg,100%,5.0980392157%;--txt-color:#f8f8f8;--txt-color-hsl:0deg,0%,97.2549019608%;--nav-color:#2c0022;--nav-color-hsl:313.6363636364deg,100%,8.6274509804%;--interactive-bg-color:#2c0022;--interactive-bg-color-hsl:313.6363636364deg,100%,8.6274509804%;--interactive-scoreboard-color:#23001b;--interactive-scoreboard-color-hsl:313.7142857143deg,100%,6.862745098%;--interactive-border-color:#80667a;--interactive-border-color-hsl:313.8461538462deg,11.3043478261%,45.0980392157%;--plum-color:#a66884;--plum-color-hsl:332.9032258065deg,25.8333333333%,52.9411764706%;--raisin-color:#80667a;--raisin-color-hsl:313.8461538462deg,11.3043478261%,45.0980392157%;--heading-color:#f8f8f8;--heading-color-hsl:0deg,0%,97.2549019608%;--label-color:#c39bad;--label-color-hsl:333deg,25%,68.6274509804%;--button-color:#e60d48;--button-color-hsl:343.6866359447deg,89.3004115226%,47.6470588235%}.fonts-loaded body{font-family:Retina,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif}*,:after,:before{-webkit-box-sizing:inherit;box-sizing:inherit}:focus-visible{outline:var(--theme-color,#ff0e50) dotted 3px;outline-offset:1px}a{outline-color:transparent;-webkit-transition:color .12s ease,fill .12s ease,border-color .12s ease,outline-color .12s ease,outline-style .12s ease;transition:color .12s ease,fill .12s ease,border-color .12s ease,outline-color .12s ease,outline-style .12s ease}button{font:inherit;font-size:1rem}sub,sup{vertical-align:baseline;position:relative;line-height:0}sub{top:.4em}sup{top:-.4em}img{max-width:100%}img[width][height]{height:auto}::-moz-selection{background-color:#ffcfdc;background-color:rgba(var(--theme-color-rgb,255,14,80),.2)}::selection{background-color:#ffcfdc;background-color:rgba(var(--theme-color-rgb,255,14,80),.2)}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.theme-auto{--bg-color:#1a0014;--bg-color-hsl:313.8461538462deg,100%,5.0980392157%;--txt-color:#f8f8f8;--txt-color-hsl:0deg,0%,97.2549019608%;--nav-color:#2c0022;--nav-color-hsl:313.6363636364deg,100%,8.6274509804%;--interactive-bg-color:#2c0022;--interactive-bg-color-hsl:313.6363636364deg,100%,8.6274509804%;--interactive-scoreboard-color:#23001b;--interactive-scoreboard-color-hsl:313.7142857143deg,100%,6.862745098%;--interactive-border-color:#80667a;--interactive-border-color-hsl:313.8461538462deg,11.3043478261%,45.0980392157%;--plum-color:#a66884;--plum-color-hsl:332.9032258065deg,25.8333333333%,52.9411764706%;--raisin-color:#80667a;--raisin-color-hsl:313.8461538462deg,11.3043478261%,45.0980392157%;--heading-color:#f8f8f8;--heading-color-hsl:0deg,0%,97.2549019608%;--label-color:#c39bad;--label-color-hsl:333deg,25%,68.6274509804%;--button-color:#e60d48;--button-color-hsl:343.6866359447deg,89.3004115226%,47.6470588235%}:where(.theme-auto) ::-moz-selection{background-color:rgba(var(--theme-color-rgb,255,14,80),.4)}:where(.theme-auto) ::selection{background-color:rgba(var(--theme-color-rgb,255,14,80),.4)}:where(.theme-auto) .slate-input{--bg-color:#411a38;--bg-color-hsl:313.8461538462deg,42.8571428571%,17.8431372549%;--txt-color:#ddd;--txt-color-hsl:0deg,0%,86.6666666667%}}:where(.theme-dark) ::-moz-selection{background-color:rgba(var(--theme-color-rgb,255,14,80),.4)}:where(.theme-dark) ::selection{background-color:rgba(var(--theme-color-rgb,255,14,80),.4)}::-ms-reveal{display:none}@media print{.clay-kiln{display:none}}@font-face{font-family:Retina;font-display:swap;src:url(https://dot.cdnslate.com/static/fonts/slate-com/Retina-Book-subset.dc123e1.woff2) format("woff2")}@font-face{font-family:Retina;font-display:swap;src:url(https://dot.cdnslate.com/static/fonts/slate-com/Retina-BookItalic-subset.e351a4d.woff2) format("woff2");font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Retina;font-display:swap;src:url(https://dot.cdnslate.com/static/fonts/slate-com/Retina-Bold-subset.77f1049.woff2) format("woff2");font-weight:700}@font-face{font-family:Retina;font-display:swap;src:url(https://dot.cdnslate.com/static/fonts/slate-com/Retina-BoldItalic-subset.c2b4700.woff2) format("woff2");font-weight:700;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Register;font-display:swap;src:url(https://dot.cdnslate.com/static/fonts/slate-com/Register-Heavy-subset.a571c0d.woff2) format("woff2");font-weight:700}@font-face{font-family:Register;font-display:swap;src:url(https://dot.cdnslate.com/static/fonts/slate-com/Register-HeavyItalic-subset.d42bb80.woff2) format("woff2");font-weight:700;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Lora;font-display:swap;src:url(https://dot.cdnslate.com/static/fonts/slate-com/Lora-Regular-subset.0793386.woff2) format("woff2")}@font-face{font-family:Bayard;font-display:swap;src:url(https://dot.cdnslate.com/static/fonts/slate-com/Bayard-Regular.55ade9f.woff2) format("woff2")}@font-face{font-family:Sofia;font-display:swap;src:url(https://dot.cdnslate.com/static/fonts/slate-com/SofiaSansCondensed-Black-subset.8fb41d6.woff2) format("woff2");font-weight:900}[hidden]{display:none}.slate-input{--bg-color:#f8f8f8;--bg-color-hsl:0deg,0%,97.2549019608%;--txt-color:#444;--txt-color-hsl:0deg,0%,26.6666666667%;display:block;font:inherit;line-height:1;width:100%;font-size:.9372071228rem;color:var(--txt-color,#444);background-color:var(--bg-color);background-image:none;background-clip:padding-box;border:1px solid #999;border-color:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.5);border-radius:2px;-webkit-transition:border-color ease-in-out .15s,-webkit-box-shadow ease-in-out .15s;transition:border-color ease-in-out .15s,-webkit-box-shadow ease-in-out .15s;transition:border-color ease-in-out .15s,box-shadow ease-in-out .15s;transition:border-color ease-in-out .15s,box-shadow ease-in-out .15s,-webkit-box-shadow ease-in-out .15s;-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;appearance:none;margin-top:.25em}.slate-input::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:#999;color:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.5);opacity:1}.slate-input::-moz-placeholder{color:#999;color:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.5);opacity:1}.slate-input::-ms-input-placeholder{color:#999;color:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.5);opacity:1}.slate-input::placeholder{color:#999;color:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.5);opacity:1}.slate-input:disabled,.slate-input[readonly]{background-color:#f0f0f0;background-color:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.07);opacity:1}.slate-input:disabled{cursor:not-allowed}.slate-input[readonly]{cursor:text}.slate-input:user-invalid{background-color:hsla(var(--partisan-red-color-hsl),.15);border-color:hsla(var(--partisan-red-color-hsl),.5)}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:where(.theme-auto) .slate-input{border-color:#80667a}}:where(.theme-dark) .slate-input{--bg-color:#411a38;--bg-color-hsl:313.8461538462deg,42.8571428571%,17.8431372549%;--txt-color:#ddd;--txt-color-hsl:0deg,0%,86.6666666667%;border-color:#80667a}.slate-button{background-color:#2c0022;background-color:var(--button-color,#2c0022);border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:2px;color:#fff;display:inline-block;line-height:1;text-align:center;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:.15s ease-in-out;transition:.15s ease-in-out;-webkit-transition-property:opacity,color,background;transition-property:opacity,color,background;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none}.dropdown--subtle .dropdown__button,.slate-button--subtle{text-align:center;-webkit-user-select:none;-moz-user-select:none;padding:.5em .5714285714em}.slate-button:where(label:hover,a[href]:hover,:enabled:hover,:focus-visible){background-color:hsla(var(--button-color-hsl,var(--raisin-color-hsl)),.8)}.slate-button:disabled{opacity:.5;cursor:wait}.slate-button--subtle{--button-color:transparent;--button-color-hsl:0deg,0%,0%;background-color:#2c0022;background-color:var(--button-color,#2c0022);border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:2px;color:currentColor;display:inline-block;line-height:1;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:.15s ease-in-out;transition:.15s ease-in-out;-webkit-transition-property:opacity,color,background;transition-property:opacity,color,background;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;border-color:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.2)}.slate-notification--info,.slate-notification--success{border-radius:2px;-webkit-transition:opacity .1s,-webkit-transform .1s;text-wrap:pretty}.slate-button--subtle:where(label:hover,a[href]:hover,:enabled:hover,:focus-visible){background-color:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.07)}.slate-button--subtle:disabled{opacity:.5;cursor:wait}.slate-graf a,.slate-link,.slate-list a{text-decoration:none;border-bottom:2px solid #ff0e50;border-color:var(--theme-color,#ff0e50)}.slate-graf a:focus,.slate-graf a:hover,.slate-link:focus,.slate-link:hover,.slate-list a:focus,.slate-list a:hover{color:#ff0e50;color:var(--theme-color,#ff0e50);border-color:transparent}.slate-link--bold{text-decoration:none;border-bottom:4px solid #ff0e50;border-color:var(--theme-color,#ff0e50);text-transform:uppercase;letter-spacing:.07em;font-weight:700;font-size:.6776625465rem;white-space:nowrap;color:#2c0022;color:var(--heading-color)}.slate-link--bold:focus,.slate-link--bold:hover{color:#ff0e50;color:var(--theme-color,#ff0e50);border-color:#ff0e50;border-color:var(--theme-color,#ff0e50)}@media(min-width:768px){.slate-link--bold{font-size:.7230659372rem}}.slate-link--bold>span{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);white-space:nowrap;border-width:0}.slate-link--classic{text-decoration:underline}.slate-link--classic:focus-visible{outline:currentColor dotted 1px}.slate-link--classic:focus-visible,.slate-link--classic[href]:hover{text-decoration:underline;color:unset}button.slate-link,button.slate-link--bold{border-top:none;border-left:none;border-right:none;background:0 0;padding:0;line-height:1}.slate-graf,.slate-list{line-height:1.5;margin:0 0 1.2em}.slate-required{color:#ff0e50}.slate-notification--info{padding:1.2em;transition:opacity .1s,-webkit-transform .1s;transition:opacity .1s,transform .1s;transition:opacity .1s,transform .1s,-webkit-transform .1s;border:1px solid #f6dcaa;line-height:1.5;background-color:#ffefcf}.slate-notification--info:empty{padding:0;opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateY(.2em);transform:translateY(.2em)}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:where(.theme-auto) .slate-notification--info{color:#ffefcf;background-color:#2e1e00;border-color:#a4906a}}:where(.theme-dark) .slate-notification--info{color:#ffefcf;background-color:#2e1e00;border-color:#a4906a}.slate-notification--success{padding:1.2em;transition:opacity .1s,-webkit-transform .1s;transition:opacity .1s,transform .1s;transition:opacity .1s,transform .1s,-webkit-transform .1s;border:1px solid #cbe8b8;line-height:1.5;background-color:#e4f6d8}.slate-notification--success:empty{padding:0;opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateY(.2em);transform:translateY(.2em)}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:where(.theme-auto) .slate-notification--success{color:#e4f6d8;background-color:#142609;border-color:#839975}}:where(.theme-dark) .slate-notification--success{color:#e4f6d8;background-color:#142609;border-color:#839975}.slate-notification--error{padding:1.2em;border-radius:2px;-webkit-transition:opacity .1s,-webkit-transform .1s;transition:opacity .1s,-webkit-transform .1s;transition:opacity .1s,transform .1s;transition:opacity .1s,transform .1s,-webkit-transform .1s;border:1px solid #e8b6b6;line-height:1.5;text-wrap:pretty;background-color:#f6d5d5}.slate-notification--error:empty{padding:0;opacity:0;-webkit-transform:translateY(.2em);transform:translateY(.2em)}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:where(.theme-auto) .slate-notification--error{color:#f6d5d5;background-color:#260808;border-color:#997474}}:where(.theme-dark) .slate-notification--error{color:#f6d5d5;background-color:#260808;border-color:#997474}.slate-loading{display:inline-block;width:1.2em;height:1.2em;border-radius:50%;border:.2em solid #2c0022;border-bottom-color:transparent!important;-webkit-animation:1s spinner-spin linear infinite;animation:1s spinner-spin linear infinite;vertical-align:text-bottom;-webkit-transition:opacity .1s;transition:opacity .1s}@-webkit-keyframes spinner-spin{to{-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);transform:rotate(360deg)}}@keyframes spinner-spin{to{-webkit-transform:rotate(360deg);transform:rotate(360deg)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:where(.theme-auto) .slate-loading{border-color:#ab99a7}}:where(.theme-dark) .slate-loading{border-color:#ab99a7}.slate-loading:not([aria-label]),.slate-loading[aria-label=""]{opacity:0}.slate-close{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;border:none;border-radius:0;padding:.7em;line-height:0;background:0 0;color:inherit;fill:currentColor;-webkit-transition:opacity .12s ease;transition:opacity .12s ease;opacity:.6}.slate-close:focus,.slate-close:hover{opacity:1}.slate-modal{background:#fff;color:var(--txt-color);font-size:1rem;width:auto;translate:calc(50vw - 50%) var(--dialog-top,calc(50vh - 50%));max-width:min(72rem,100vw - 30px);max-height:min(100vh,100vh - 30px);border:1px solid #eae6e9;border-radius:3px;-webkit-box-shadow:0 4px 10px rgba(0,0,10,.15);box-shadow:0 4px 10px rgba(0,0,10,.15)}.email-signifier--podcast,.signifier--podcast{vertical-align:top;margin-right:.17em}@-webkit-keyframes dialog-open{from{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}@keyframes dialog-open{from{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}.slate-modal[open]{-webkit-animation:.24s .12s both dialog-open;animation:.24s .12s both dialog-open}.slate-modal[open]::-webkit-backdrop{-webkit-animation:.12s both dialog-open;animation:.12s both dialog-open}.slate-modal[open]::backdrop{-webkit-animation:.12s both dialog-open;animation:.12s both dialog-open}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:where(.theme-auto) .slate-modal{background:#1a0014;border-color:#56334e}:where(.theme-auto) .slate-modal::-webkit-backdrop{--bg-color:#ab99a7;--bg-color-hsl:313.3333333333deg,9.6774193548%,63.5294117647%}:where(.theme-auto) .slate-modal::backdrop{--bg-color:#ab99a7;--bg-color-hsl:313.3333333333deg,9.6774193548%,63.5294117647%}}:where(.theme-dark) .slate-modal{background:#1a0014;border-color:#56334e}.slate-modal::-webkit-backdrop{--bg-color:#6b4d64;--bg-color-hsl:314deg,16.3043478261%,36.0784313725%;background-color:hsla(var(--bg-color-hsl),.2)}.slate-modal::backdrop{--bg-color:#6b4d64;--bg-color-hsl:314deg,16.3043478261%,36.0784313725%;background-color:hsla(var(--bg-color-hsl),.2)}:where(.theme-dark) .slate-modal::-webkit-backdrop{--bg-color:#ab99a7;--bg-color-hsl:313.3333333333deg,9.6774193548%,63.5294117647%}:where(.theme-dark) .slate-modal::backdrop{--bg-color:#ab99a7;--bg-color-hsl:313.3333333333deg,9.6774193548%,63.5294117647%}.slate-divider{border:none;height:2px;width:100%;background-color:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.15)}.slate-roadblock-signifier{overflow:visible;width:auto;height:1.1cap;translate:0 .05cap}.slate-roadblock-signifier--block{display:block;-ms-flex-item-align:start;align-self:flex-start;font-size:.8232026157rem;margin-bottom:calc(1lh - 1em)}.slate-roadblock-signifier__lock{fill:#999}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:where(.theme-auto) .slate-roadblock-signifier__lock{fill:#ccc}}:where(.theme-dark) .slate-roadblock-signifier__lock{fill:#ccc}.slate-roadblock-signifier__splus{fill:#2c0022;fill:var(--heading-color)}.lazyload-container{background:#f8f8f8;background:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.03);-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(.1em);backdrop-filter:blur(.1em);position:relative;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:var(--img-aspect-ratio,3/2);overflow:hidden;-webkit-transition:background-color .12s;transition:background-color .12s;contain:strict}.lazyload-container>img{width:100%;height:100%;-o-object-fit:cover;object-fit:cover}.lazyload-container--loaded{background:0 0}.lazyload-container--fluid{height:auto;--img-aspect-ratio:auto;overflow:visible;contain:content}.lazyload-container--square{--img-aspect-ratio:1/1}.lazyload,.lazyloaded,.lazyloading{position:absolute;width:100%;height:auto;-webkit-transition:opacity .2s ease-in;transition:opacity .2s ease-in}.lazyload,.lazyloading{opacity:0}.dropdown--subtle .dropdown__button:where(label:hover,a[href]:hover,:enabled:hover,:focus-visible),a:focus .email-signifier--podcast,a:hover .email-signifier--podcast{opacity:.8}.signifier--podcast{fill:#ff4900}a:focus .signifier--podcast,a:hover .signifier--podcast{fill:#ff6d33}.dropdown{position:relative}.dropdown__button{font-size:inherit}.dropdown--subtle .dropdown__button{--button-color:transparent;--button-color-hsl:0deg,0%,0%;background-color:#2c0022;background-color:var(--button-color,#2c0022);border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:2px;color:inherit;display:inline-block;line-height:1;text-decoration:none;-webkit-transition:.15s ease-in-out;transition:.15s ease-in-out;-webkit-transition-property:opacity,color,background;transition-property:opacity,color,background;-ms-user-select:none;user-select:none;white-space:nowrap}.dropdown--subtle .dropdown__button:disabled{opacity:.5;cursor:wait}.dropdown__icon{fill:currentColor;vertical-align:middle}.dropdown__button[aria-expanded=true] .dropdown__icon{-webkit-transform:rotateZ(-180deg);transform:rotateZ(-180deg)}.dropdown__content{position:absolute;z-index:1;min-width:100%;top:100%;right:0;border-radius:2px;-webkit-box-shadow:.1em .1em .2em rgba(0,0,0,.3);box-shadow:.1em .1em .2em rgba(0,0,0,.3)}.dropdown__button:not([aria-expanded=true])+.dropdown__content{display:none}.dropdown--subtle .dropdown__content{background:var(--bg-color);color:#222;color:var(--txt-color);border:1px solid #ddd;border-color:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.15)}.dropdown__link{display:block;width:100%;padding:.5em .5714285714em;white-space:nowrap;border:none;background:0 0;text-decoration:none}.dropdown--subtle .dropdown__link:focus,.dropdown--subtle .dropdown__link:hover{background:#f0f0f0;background:hsla(var(--txt-color-hsl),.07)}.dropdown--vibrant .dropdown__link{color:#fff;background:#56334e}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:where(.theme-auto) .dropdown--vibrant .dropdown__link{background:var(--button-color)}}:where(.theme-dark) .dropdown--vibrant .dropdown__link{background:var(--button-color)}.dropdown--vibrant .dropdown__link:focus,.dropdown--vibrant .dropdown__link:hover{background:#80667a}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){:where(.theme-auto) .dropdown--vibrant .dropdown__link:focus,:where(.theme-auto) .dropdown--vibrant .dropdown__link:hover{background:#cc0b40}}:where(.theme-dark) .dropdown--vibrant .dropdown__link:focus,:where(.theme-dark) .dropdown--vibrant .dropdown__link:hover{background:#cc0b40}.dropdown__link:first-child{border-radius:2px 2px 0 0}.dropdown__link:last-child{border-radius:0 0 2px 2px}:root iframe[src^="https://id.piano.io/"],:root iframe[src^="https://buy.piano.io/"],:root iframe[src^="https://sandbox.piano.io/"],:root iframe[src^="https://id.tinypass.com/"],:root iframe[src^="https://buy.tinypass.com/"],:root iframe[src^="https://sandbox.tinypass.com/"]{display:block;margin:-15px!important;width:calc(100% + 30px)!important;height:2000px!important;height:var(--slate-height,100%)!important;overflow:visible!important;-webkit-transition:opacity .12s;transition:opacity .12s}html:not([data-layout-uri*="/instances/article"]):not([data-layout-uri*="/instances/package-landing"]):not([data-layout-uri*="/instances/quiz"]) .layout-one-column .main{margin-top:25px}@media(min-width:768px){html:not([data-layout-uri*="/instances/article"]):not([data-layout-uri*="/instances/package-landing"]):not([data-layout-uri*="/instances/quiz"]) .layout-one-column .main{margin-top:40px}}@media(min-width:1440px){html:not([data-layout-uri*="/instances/article"]):not([data-layout-uri*="/instances/package-landing"]):not([data-layout-uri*="/instances/quiz"]) .layout-one-column .main{margin-top:80px}}html[data-layout-uri*="/instances/package-landing"] .layout-one-column .global-footer{margin-top:0}.layout-one-column .l-wrapper{padding:0 15px}.layout-one-column .l-container{margin:0 auto}@media(min-width:1024px){.layout-one-column .l-container{max-width:1000px}}@media(min-width:1440px){.layout-one-column .l-container{max-width:1300px}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:light){:where(.theme-auto) .layout-one-column--plus-landing:not(header){background-color:#f8f8f8}}:where(.theme-light) .layout-one-column--plus-landing:not(header){background-color:#f8f8f8}.layout-one-column--plus-landing #main{background-color:inherit}.layout-one-column--plus-landing .l-container{max-width:1000px}</style></head> <body class="layout-one-column "> <header data-uri="slate.com/_components/masthead/instances/default@published" class="masthead" data-via="nav" > <a href="#main" class="skip-to-main">Skip to the content</a> <div class="desktop-masthead"> <div class="masthead__wrapper"> <ul class="widgets masthead__container"> <li class="js-account--subscribe" hidden> <a class="widgets__item slate-button" data-piano-href="desktopMastheadUrl" data-piano-html="desktopMastheadText"> <svg class="widgets__icon" width="16" height="16"> <use data-piano-icon-href="iconUrl"></use> </svg> </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://shop.slate.com/" class="widgets__item"> <svg class="widgets__icon" width="16" height="16"> <use href="https://slate.com/static/media/components/masthead/sprite.f075295.svg#shop"></use> </svg> Slate Shop </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://slate.com/tag/slate-games" class="widgets__item"> <svg class="widgets__icon" width="16" height="16"> <use href="https://slate.com/static/media/components/masthead/sprite.f075295.svg#games"></use> </svg> Games </a> </li> <li> <a href="https://slate.com/newsletters" class="widgets__item"> <svg class="widgets__icon" width="16" height="16"> <use href="https://slate.com/static/media/components/masthead/sprite.f075295.svg#newsletters"></use> </svg> Newsletters </a> </li> <li class="widgets__item js-account--sign-in sign-in-link" hidden> <svg class="widgets__icon" width="16" height="16"> <use href="https://slate.com/static/media/components/masthead/sprite.f075295.svg#avatar"></use> </svg> <a href="https://slate.com/sign-in" class="masthead__login js-redirect-return">Sign In</a> </li> <li class="js-account--account" hidden> <span class="widgets__item"> <svg class="widgets__icon" width="16" height="16"> <use href="https://slate.com/static/media/components/masthead/sprite.f075295.svg#avatar"></use> </svg> <div class="dropdown dropdown--subtle widgets__dropdown" ><button class="dropdown__button" disabled> <span class="dropdown__label">Account</span> <svg class="dropdown__icon" width="10" height="6" viewBox="0 0 10 6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" > <title>Activating this button will toggle the display of additional content</title> <path d="M0 0l5 6 5-6z"/> </svg> </button> <div class="dropdown__content"> <a href="https://slate.com/account" class="dropdown__link js-account--account" hidden > Account </a> <a href="https://slate.com/sign-out" class="dropdown__link js-redirect-return js-account--sign-out" hidden > Sign out </a> </div> </div> </span> </li> </ul> <script> try { const mastheadChildren = document.currentScript.previousElementSibling.children; const posFromBack = document.cookie.indexOf("__utp") === -1 ? 2 : 1; mastheadChildren[mastheadChildren.length - posFromBack].hidden = false; } catch(err) { console.error("Error unhiding sign-in/account in masthead", err); } </script> </div> <div class="masthead__wrapper"> <nav class="main-nav masthead__container"> <a href="https://slate.com" class="main-nav__logo"> <svg class="logo" width="259" height="80"> <title>Slate homepage</title> <use href="https://slate.com/static/media/sites/slate-com/global-sprite.453518f.svg#logo"></use> </svg> </a> <ul class="sections"> <li class="sections__item"> <a href="/news-and-politics" class="sections__link">News & Politics</a> </li> <li class="sections__item"> <a href="/culture" class="sections__link">Culture</a> </li> <li class="sections__item"> <a href="/technology" class="sections__link">Technology</a> </li> <li class="sections__item"> <a href="/business" class="sections__link">Business</a> </li> <li class="sections__item"> <a href="/life" class="sections__link">Life</a> </li> <li class="sections__item"> <a href="/advice" class="sections__link">Advice</a> </li> <li class="sections__item"> <a href="/podcasts" class="sections__link">Podcasts</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mobile-masthead"> <div class="mobile-masthead__menu menu"> <button class="menu__control menu__control--open js-toggle-menu"> <span aria-hidden="true">Menu</span> <svg width="16" height="15"> <title>Open menu</title> <use href="https://slate.com/static/media/components/masthead/sprite.f075295.svg#menu"></use> </svg> </button> <nav class="menu__content"> <header class="menu__header"> <button class="menu__control slate-close js-toggle-menu"> <svg width="21" height="21"> <title>Close menu</title> <use href="https://slate.com/static/media/sites/slate-com/global-sprite.453518f.svg#back"></use> </svg> </button> <span class="menu__title">Menu</span> </header> <div class="mobile-sections"> <a href="/news-and-politics" class="mobile-sections__link">News & Politics</a> <a href="/culture" class="mobile-sections__link">Culture</a> <a href="/technology" class="mobile-sections__link">Technology</a> <a href="/business" class="mobile-sections__link">Business</a> <a href="/life" class="mobile-sections__link">Life</a> <a href="/advice" class="mobile-sections__link">Advice</a> <a href="/podcasts" class="mobile-sections__link">Podcasts</a> <a href="/search" class="mobile-sections__link"> <svg width="18" height="18" class="mag-lens"> <use href="https://slate.com/static/media/components/masthead/sprite.f075295.svg#search"></use> </svg> Search </a> <div class="mobile-sections__link"> <div class="dropdown dropdown--subtle theme-picker" ><button class="dropdown__button theme-picker__button" disabled> <span class="dropdown__label"></span> <svg class="dropdown__icon" width="10" height="6" viewBox="0 0 10 6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" > <title>Activating this button will toggle the display of additional content</title> <path d="M0 0l5 6 5-6z"/> </svg> </button> <div class="dropdown__content"> <button class="dropdown__link theme-picker__option" data-value="light"> <svg width="16" height="16"> <use href="https://slate.com/static/media/components/masthead/sprite.f075295.svg#light"></use> </svg> Light </button> <button class="dropdown__link theme-picker__option" data-value="dark"> <svg width="16" height="16"> <use href="https://slate.com/static/media/components/masthead/sprite.f075295.svg#dark"></use> </svg> Dark </button> <button class="dropdown__link theme-picker__option" data-value="auto"> <svg width="16" height="16"> <use href="https://slate.com/static/media/components/masthead/sprite.f075295.svg#auto"></use> </svg> Auto </button> </div> </div> <script> try { var selected = localStorage.getItem('theme') || 'light'; var dd = document.currentScript.previousElementSibling; if (dd.offsetParent !== null) { dd.querySelectorAll('.dropdown__link').forEach(function(opt) { if (opt.dataset.value === selected) { dd.querySelector('.dropdown__label').innerHTML = opt.innerHTML; } }) } } catch (e) {} </script> </div> <div class="mobile-sections__link js-account--subscribe" hidden> <a href="https://slate.com/plus?utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=plus&utm_content=nav_bar&utm_source=nav" class="mobile-sections__link--subscribe"><b>Subscribe</b></a> </div> <a href="https://shop.slate.com/" class="mobile-sections__link js-redirect-return">Slate Shop</a> <a href="https://slate.com/tag/slate-games" class="mobile-sections__link js-redirect-return">Games</a> <a href="https://slate.com/newsletters" class="mobile-sections__link js-redirect-return">Newsletters</a> <a href="https://slate.com/sign-in" class="js-account--sign-in mobile-sections__link js-redirect-return" hidden>Sign in</a> <a href="https://slate.com/account" class="js-account--account mobile-sections__link" hidden>Account</a> <a href="https://slate.com/sign-out" class="js-account--sign-out mobile-sections__link js-redirect-return" hidden>Sign out</a> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="mobile-masthead__logo"> <a href="https://slate.com"> <svg class="logo" width="124" height="39"> <title>Slate homepage</title> <use href="https://slate.com/static/media/sites/slate-com/global-sprite.453518f.svg#logo"></use> </svg> </a> </div> <div class='mobile-masthead__account'> <a class="mobile-masthead__link js-account--account" href="https://slate.com/account" hidden >Account</a> <div class="mobile-masthead__mobile-link js-account--sign-in" hidden><a data-piano-href="mobileMastheadUrl" data-piano-html="mobileMastheadText" class="slate-link"></span></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="masthead__wrapper"> <div class="strapline masthead__container" > <svg width="27" height="30" class="strapline__asterisk"> <title>*</title> <use href="https://slate.com/static/media/components/masthead/sprite.f075295.svg#asterisk"></use> </svg> <a class="strapline__text" href="https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2024/12/trump-cabinet-kash-patel-fbi-prosecute-journalists.html"> Whose Intellect and Wisdom Shines Like the Morning Sun </a> <div class="strapline__search"> <form action="/search" class="search-form" data-via="search"> <input id="search-input" name="q" placeholder="Search for" class="search-form__input" /> <button class="search-form__submit"> <svg class="search-form__icon" width="16" height="16"> <title>Submit search</title> <use href="https://slate.com/static/media/components/masthead/sprite.f075295.svg#search"></use> </svg> </button> <label for="search-input" class="search-form__label"> <svg class="search-form__icon" width="16" height="16"> <title>Enter query</title> <use href="https://slate.com/static/media/components/masthead/sprite.f075295.svg#search"></use> </svg> </label> </form> <div class="dropdown dropdown--subtle theme-picker" ><button class="dropdown__button theme-picker__button" disabled> <span class="dropdown__label"></span> <svg class="dropdown__icon" width="10" height="6" viewBox="0 0 10 6" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" > <title>Activating this button will toggle the display of additional content</title> <path d="M0 0l5 6 5-6z"/> </svg> </button> <div class="dropdown__content"> <button class="dropdown__link theme-picker__option" data-value="light"> <svg width="16" height="16"> <use href="https://slate.com/static/media/components/masthead/sprite.f075295.svg#light"></use> </svg> Light </button> <button class="dropdown__link theme-picker__option" data-value="dark"> <svg width="16" height="16"> <use href="https://slate.com/static/media/components/masthead/sprite.f075295.svg#dark"></use> </svg> Dark </button> <button class="dropdown__link theme-picker__option" data-value="auto"> <svg width="16" height="16"> <use href="https://slate.com/static/media/components/masthead/sprite.f075295.svg#auto"></use> </svg> Auto </button> </div> </div> <script> try { var selected = localStorage.getItem('theme') || 'light'; var dd = document.currentScript.previousElementSibling; if (dd.offsetParent !== null) { dd.querySelectorAll('.dropdown__link').forEach(function(opt) { if (opt.dataset.value === selected) { dd.querySelector('.dropdown__label').innerHTML = opt.innerHTML; } }) } } catch (e) {} </script> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main role="main" id="main"> <div class="l-wrapper"> <div class="main l-container" > <article data-uri="slate.com/_components/standalone-page/instances/cjhwd97fp0009i6klghwglz9v@published" class="standalone-page standalone-page--regular" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" > <div class="standalone-page__fullbleed-content" > </div> <header class="standalone-page__header "> <h1 class="standalone-page__hed" itemprop="headline">About Us</h1> </header> <div class="standalone-page__body"> <div class="standalone-page__content" itemprop="mainContentOfPage"> <p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="70" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/cjhwd97fp0008i6klqe9btp3h@published" >Slate is a daily magazine on the web and podcast network. Founded in 1996, we are a general-interest publication offering analysis and commentary about politics, news, business, technology, and culture. Slate’s strong editorial voice and witty take on current events have been recognized with numerous awards, including the National Magazine Award for General Excellence Online. The site, which is owned by Graham Holdings Company, is supported by advertising and subscription revenues.</p> <h3 class="subhead subhead--none" data-uri="slate.com/_components/subhead/instances/cjhwddan6000s3i5tgxtg8hus@published" > <div class="subhead__marker"> </div> Staff </h3> <p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="3" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/cjhwddrq300123i5tbnha6ort@published" ><a href="https://slate.com/masthead">Who we are</a>.</p> <h3 class="subhead subhead--none" data-uri="slate.com/_components/subhead/instances/cjhwdewua00163i5ta7bqzlmj@published" > <div class="subhead__marker"> </div> Contact Us </h3> <p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="5" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/cjhwdf3i7001a3i5t74ngwvxv@published" ><a href="https://slate.com/contact">Where to find Slate staff</a>.</p> <h3 class="subhead subhead--none" data-uri="slate.com/_components/subhead/instances/cjldxcllw00043h5tlgto4dyj@published" > <div class="subhead__marker"> </div> Tips </h3> <p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="9" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/cjldxcisc00013h5to7zmxnhs@published" ><a href="https://slate.com/tips">How to reach us via email, USPS, and SecureDrop</a>.</p> <h3 class="subhead subhead--none" data-uri="slate.com/_components/subhead/instances/cjhwdd2x5000p3i5tpndrgxm1@published" > <div class="subhead__marker"> </div> Slate and Amazon </h3> <p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="49" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/cjhwdd2tz000l3i5tksu7rssw@published" >Slate is a member of Amazon Associates. When readers click on a link from a Slate article to Amazon.com, Slate earns a percentage of your purchase. Slate links to products are not necessarily endorsements of those products, and we link to products whether we review them favorably or unfavorably.</p> <h3 class="subhead subhead--none" data-uri="slate.com/_components/subhead/instances/cjhwdfg93001g3i5tcdjrfrid@published" > <div class="subhead__marker"> </div> Advertising Info </h3> <p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="8" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/cjhwdfmyn001m3i5tp40m3fdp@published" >To advertise on Slate, please email us at <a href="mailto:%20advertise@slate.com">advertise@slate.com</a>.</p> <h3 class="subhead subhead--none" data-uri="slate.com/_components/subhead/instances/ck6l8w7oz00013h60nbeixqzj@published" > <div class="subhead__marker"> </div> Slate Books </h3> <p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="10" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/ck6l8weao00053h600nfim7x2@published" ><a href="https://slate.com/slate-books.html">A roundup of recent books by Slate staff and contributors</a>.</p> <h3 class="subhead subhead--none" data-uri="slate.com/_components/subhead/instances/cjhwdgciw00203i5t2605fh4e@published" > <div class="subhead__marker"> </div> Commenting FAQ </h3> <p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="14" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/cjhwdgl2b00243i5tp6r22n13@published" ><a href="https://slate.com/commenting">Get answers to frequently asked questions about Slate’s commenting system including our moderation policy</a>.</p> <h3 class="subhead subhead--none" data-uri="slate.com/_components/subhead/instances/cjp1gkum200013h5s5o3yelrh@published" > <div class="subhead__marker"> </div> Podcast FAQ </h3> <p class="slate-paragraph slate-graf" data-word-count="17" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-paragraph/instances/cjp1gl3bc00083h5saneg1dhn@published" ><a href="https://slate.com/podcastfaqs">Get answers to frequently asked questions about how to listen to podcasts and Slate Plus podcast benefits</a>.</p> </div> </div> </article> <script class="slate-analytics-js js-analytics-js-data" type="application+json" data-pagetype="article" data-version="2.20.22" data-web-vitals-sampling="0.5" data-web-vitals-url="https://dot.cdnslate.com/static/web-vitals/web-vitals.attribution.iife.85b704e.js" data-uri="slate.com/_components/slate-analytics-js/instances/cjhwd97fm0006i6klcv89z0yh@published" > {"headline":"About Us","url":"https://slate.com/about","tags":[],"authors":[],"section":"","rubric":"","pub_date":"","page_id":"slate.com/_components/standalone-page/instances/cjhwd97fp0009i6klghwglz9v","page_type":"article","commercialNode":"undefined/undefined"} </script> <div class="piano-mount" data-uri="slate.com/_components/piano-mount/instances/meterwall@published" > <div class='piano-mount__container' id="meterwall"> </div> </div> </div> <aside class="l-container" > </aside> </div> </main> <section class="bottom-ad"> </section> <footer class="global-footer" role="contentinfo" data-uri="slate.com/_components/global-footer/instances/default@published" > <div class="global-footer__main"> <div class="global-footer__main-content"> <div class="global-footer__about"> <h4 class="global-footer__heading">About</h4> <ul class="global-footer__links"> <li><a href="/about">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://jobs.lever.co/slate">Work With Us</a></li> <li><a href="/contact">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="/pitch">Pitch Guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="/tips">Send Us Tips</a></li> <li><a href="/briefing/corrections">Corrections</a></li> <li><a href="/commenting">Commenting</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.slatereprints.com/">Reprints</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="global-footer__sub"> <h4 class="global-footer__heading">Subscriptions</h4> <ul class="global-footer__links"> <li><a href="https://slate.com/plus" >Subscribe</a></li> <li><a href="https://slate.com/sign-in">Sign In</a></li> <li><a href="https://slate.com/account">Account</a></li> <li><a href="/plus/faq">Subscription FAQs</a></li> <li><a href="/podcastfaqs">Podcast FAQs</a></li> <li><a href="/newsletters">Newsletters</a></li> <li><a href="https://slatehelp.freshdesk.com/support/solutions">Customer Support</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="global-footer__ad"> <h4 class="global-footer__heading">Advertising</h4> <ul class="global-footer__links"> <li><a href="https://optout.aboutads.info/">AdChoices</a></li> <li><a class="global-footer__links__cookie-prefs-link" onclick="(function(event){window.OneTrust && window.OneTrust.ToggleInfoDisplay(); event.preventDefault(); }(event))" href="/do-not-sell" ><img class="global-footer__links__ccpa-logo" src="/media/components/onetrust-update/ccpa-icons/privacyoptions29x14.png" width="29" height="14" alt="California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) Opt-Out Icon" loading="lazy" />Cookie Preferences</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="global-footer__brand-section"> <svg width="243" height="30" class="global-footer__logo" loading="lazy"> <title>The Slate Group logo</title> <use data-href="https://slate.com/static/media/components/global-footer/footer-sprite.5083269.svg#slategroup" ></use> </svg> <p class="global-footer__brand-text">Slate is published by The Slate Group, a Graham Holdings Company.</p> <h4 class="global-footer__heading">Follow Us</h4> <div class="global-footer__social-links"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Slate/" class="global-footer__social-link" > <svg width="25" height="25" class="global-footer__social-badge" loading="lazy" > <use data-href="https://slate.com/static/media/sites/slate-com/share-sprite.ffcb553.svg#facebook-circle" ></use> </svg> Facebook </a> <a href="https://twitter.com/slate" class="global-footer__social-link" > <svg width="25" height="25" class="global-footer__social-badge" loading="lazy" > <use data-href="https://slate.com/static/media/sites/slate-com/share-sprite.ffcb553.svg#twitter-circle" ></use> </svg> Twitter </a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/slate/" class="global-footer__social-link" > <svg width="25" height="25" class="global-footer__social-badge" loading="lazy" > <use data-href="https://slate.com/static/media/sites/slate-com/share-sprite.ffcb553.svg#instagram-circle" ></use> </svg> Instagram </a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/slate" class="global-footer__social-link" > <svg width="25" height="25" class="global-footer__social-badge" loading="lazy" > <use data-href="https://slate.com/static/media/sites/slate-com/share-sprite.ffcb553.svg#youtube-circle" ></use> </svg> YouTube </a> <a href="/rss" class="global-footer__social-link"> <svg width="25" height="25" class="global-footer__social-badge" loading="lazy" > <use data-href="https://slate.com/static/media/sites/slate-com/share-sprite.ffcb553.svg#rss-circle" ></use> </svg> RSS Feed </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="global-footer__legal"> <div class="global-footer__legal-content"> <ul class="global-footer__legal-links"> <li class="global-footer__legal-link"><a href="/terms">User Agreement</a></li> <li class="global-footer__legal-link"><a href="/privacy">Privacy Policy</a></li> </ul> <p class="global-footer__legal-text">All contents © 2024 The Slate Group LLC. All rights reserved.</p> </div> </div> </footer> <div id="onboarding-container" class="fixin"></div> <div class="foot" > <div class='piano' data-uri="slate.com/_components/piano/instances/general@published" data-config="{"url":"https://experience.piano.io","aid":"homyv5Uzpu","endpoint":"https://buy.piano.io/api/v3","idUrl":"https://id.piano.io/","cxenseSiteId":"1129570900026411565"}"> </div>  <script type="text/javascript"> !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){ if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function(){n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)};if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n; n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); </script>  <script> var _comscore = _comscore || []; window.slateCMP.TCF.ready.then(function(tcData) { var comscoreSettings = { c1: "2", c2: "18406752", options: {enableFirstPartyCookie: true}}; var myReferrer = document.referrer; var gNewsRef = myReferrer.indexOf('news.url.google.com') > -1 || myReferrer.indexOf('news.google.com') > -1; if(gNewsRef){ comscoreSettings.options.url_append = "comscorekw=Playnewsstand"; } _comscore.push(comscoreSettings); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = "https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/cs/18406752/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })(); }); </script> <noscript><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=18406752&cv=3.9.1&cj=1" alt="comscore beacon"></noscript>  <script type="text/javascript"> var _qevents = _qevents || []; window.slateCMP.TCF.ready.then(function(tcData) { var elem = document.createElement('script'); elem.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://secure" : "http://edge") + ".quantserve.com/quant.js"; elem.defer = true; elem.type = "text/javascript"; var scpt = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; scpt.parentNode.insertBefore(elem, scpt); }); _qevents.push({ qacct:"p-fw53_-Tq3MNK1" }); </script> <noscript> <div style="display:none;"> <img src="//pixel.quantserve.com/pixel/p-fw53_-Tq3MNK1.gif" border="0" height="1" width="1" alt="Quantcast"/> </div> </noscript> <div data-uri="slate.com/_components/webapp-serviceworker/instances/default@published" data-is-eu="false"></div> </div> <style> @keyframes fadeInKilnLogo{0%{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}.clay-kiln-logo{background-color:hsla(0,0%,100%,.8);display:none;height:100vh;left:0;opacity:0;position:fixed;top:0;width:100vw;z-index:99999}.clay-kiln-logo.show{animation:.2s ease forwards fadeInKilnLogo;display:block}.clay-kiln-logo svg{box-sizing:border-box;height:110px;left:calc(50vw - 155px);position:fixed;top:calc(50vh - 55px);width:310px} </style> <div class="clay-kiln-logo"><svg width="308" height="109" viewBox="0 0 308 109" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g fill="none"><path d="M119.973 97.014c-16.469 0-26.796-10.718-26.796-24.837V25.514c0-14.117 10.327-24.835 26.796-24.835s25.751 10.718 25.751 24.835v8.757c0 1.831-1.57 3.398-3.399 3.398h-11.242c-1.831 0-3.398-1.567-3.398-3.398v-8.757c0-4.314-2.353-8.758-7.712-8.758-5.883 0-8.365 4.444-8.365 8.758v46.663c0 4.314 2.482 8.759 8.365 8.759 5.359 0 7.712-4.445 7.712-8.759V63.42c0-1.829 1.567-3.399 3.398-3.399h11.242c1.829 0 3.399 1.57 3.399 3.399v8.757c0 14.119-9.282 24.837-25.751 24.837m70.261-1.569h-35.553c-1.831 0-3.398-1.57-3.398-3.398V5.384c0-1.831 1.567-3.268 3.398-3.268h11.764a3.236 3.236 0 0 1 3.268 3.268v70.715c0 1.831 1.567 3.268 3.398 3.268h17.123c1.829 0 3.398 1.569 3.398 3.398v9.282c0 1.828-1.569 3.398-3.398 3.398m41.038-68.624c-.13-.916-.916-1.437-1.57-1.437-.653 0-1.437.521-1.437 1.437l-4.181 30.456c-.262 1.829.913 3.268 2.874 3.268h5.621c1.829 0 2.877-1.439 2.744-3.268l-4.051-30.456zm26.274 68.624H245.65c-1.961 0-3.66-1.437-3.922-3.269l-2.745-14.77c-.391-1.829-2.09-3.398-3.922-3.398h-10.586c-1.961 0-3.66 1.569-3.922 3.398l-2.744 14.77c-.392 1.832-2.091 3.269-3.922 3.269h-11.894c-1.961 0-3.006-1.437-2.615-3.269l18.561-86.792c.391-1.831 2.09-3.268 4.051-3.268h15.556c1.829 0 3.66 1.437 4.052 3.268l18.56 86.792c.394 1.832-.783 3.269-2.612 3.269zm32.645-44.705c-.261.916-.653 2.223-.915 3.401-.13 1.175-.26 2.22-.26 3.136v34.77c0 1.828-1.439 3.398-3.4 3.398h-11.764c-1.829 0-3.398-1.57-3.398-3.398v-34.9c0-1.048-.13-2.223-.392-3.53-.13-1.046-.392-2.223-.783-3.007L252.677 5.252c-.524-1.699.392-3.136 2.223-3.136h10.719c2.482 0 4.051 1.307 4.443 3.136l8.236 28.627c.26.916.913 1.308 1.437 1.308.654 0 1.175-.392 1.437-1.308l8.366-28.627c.524-1.829 1.831-3.136 4.314-3.136h10.85c1.959 0 2.874 1.437 2.221 3.136L290.191 50.74" fill="#8F9081"/><g transform="translate(0 2)"><path d="M43.428 67.018c-.095.28-.251.78-.445 1.483a55.428 55.428 0 0 0-.928 3.95c-2.01 10.079-2.01 21.274 1.347 32.507a2.265 2.265 0 1 0 4.34-1.296c-3.123-10.444-3.123-20.917-1.242-30.325.268-1.365.56-2.58.85-3.627.102-.363.192-.677.275-.94l.09-.286a2.269 2.269 0 0 0-1.41-2.876 2.269 2.269 0 0 0-2.88 1.41h.003zm29.28 1.468a23.792 23.792 0 0 1 .364 1.222c.292 1.048.582 2.264.854 3.627 1.877 9.41 1.877 19.88-1.242 30.328a2.262 2.262 0 0 0 1.52 2.821 2.27 2.27 0 0 0 2.822-1.524c3.355-11.237 3.355-22.433 1.343-32.511a55.27 55.27 0 0 0-.927-3.95 27.541 27.541 0 0 0-.445-1.482 2.268 2.268 0 0 0-2.878-1.41 2.268 2.268 0 0 0-1.41 2.877v.002zM4.916 70.803c.426-9.235 4.204-15 10.296-18.235 2.226-1.184 4.63-1.948 7.052-2.368a24.755 24.755 0 0 1 2.401-.293c.454-.03.79-.04.984-.04h-.003a2.267 2.267 0 0 0 .08-4.533h-.036c-.31 0-.761.01-1.335.05-.88.061-1.842.174-2.865.35-2.864.497-5.72 1.402-8.407 2.83C5.602 52.538.888 59.73.384 70.593a2.27 2.27 0 0 0 2.161 2.368 2.263 2.263 0 0 0 2.368-2.159h.002zm117.064-.208c-.504-10.864-5.214-18.056-12.698-22.03-2.686-1.427-5.54-2.334-8.403-2.83a28.462 28.462 0 0 0-2.867-.349 19.32 19.32 0 0 0-1.336-.05h-.034a2.266 2.266 0 1 0 .077 4.532c.193-.003.528.007.98.037.731.05 1.539.146 2.404.295 2.418.42 4.826 1.183 7.052 2.368 6.092 3.234 9.87 9 10.296 18.235a2.266 2.266 0 1 0 4.527-.21l.002.002z" fill="#BCBBAD"/><path d="M60.769 87.022c27.784 0 50.31-8.928 50.31-36.712C111.078 22.524 84.144 0 60.768 0c-23.377 0-50.31 22.524-50.31 50.31 0 27.785 22.524 36.712 50.31 36.712z" fill="#CECDC0"/><path d="M55.803 54.52c.33 2.158 2.177 3.772 4.366 3.772 2.191 0 4.04-1.617 4.366-3.778a.677.677 0 0 0-.571-.772.675.675 0 0 0-.772.567c-.229 1.503-1.512 2.625-3.023 2.625-1.511 0-2.792-1.12-3.022-2.62a.678.678 0 0 0-.773-.567.677.677 0 0 0-.57.772v.002z" fill="#9A998C"/><ellipse fill="#9A998C" cx="37.592" cy="39.248" rx="3.625" ry="5.665"/><ellipse fill="#9A998C" cx="82.928" cy="39.248" rx="3.625" ry="5.665"/><path d="M72.024 1.68c16.925 7.673 31.495 25.085 31.495 45.338 0 27.35-22.22 36.138-49.63 36.138-11.273 0-21.665-1.489-29.997-5.141 9.212 6.654 22.587 9.218 37.478 9.218 27.782 0 50.306-8.924 50.306-36.71 0-23.619-19.461-43.432-39.652-48.844" fill="#BCBBAD"/></g></g></svg></div> <script> !function(t){function n(r){if(e[r])return e[r].exports;var o=e[r]={i:r,l:!1,exports:{}};return t[r].call(o.exports,o,o.exports,n),o.l=!0,o.exports}var e={};n.m=t,n.c=e,n.d=function(t,e,r){n.o(t,e)||Object.defineProperty(t,e,{configurable:!1,enumerable:!0,get:r})},n.n=function(t){var e=t&&t.__esModule?function(){return t.default}:function(){return t};return n.d(e,"a",e),e},n.o=function(t,n){return Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(t,n)},n.p="",n(n.s=1215)}({100:function(t,n){function e(t,n,e,r){for(var o=t.length,u=e+(r?1:-1);r?u--:++u<o;)if(n(t[u],u,t))return u;return-1}t.exports=e},1215:function(t,n,e){"use strict";var r=e(740),o=function(t){return t&&t.__esModule?t:{default:t}}(r);e(260),(0,o.default)()},137:function(t,n){function e(t){return"number"==typeof t&&t>-1&&t%1==0&&t<=r}var r=9007199254740991;t.exports=e},138:function(t,n){function e(t){if(t&&"object"==typeof t){var n=t.which||t.keyCode||t.charCode;n&&(t=n)}if("number"==typeof t)return i[t];var e=t+"",u=r[e.toLowerCase()];if(u)return u;var u=o[e.toLowerCase()];return u||(1===e.length?e.charCodeAt(0):void 0)}e.isEventKey=function(t,n){if(t&&"object"==typeof t){var e=t.which||t.keyCode||t.charCode;if(null===e||void 0===e)return!1;if("string"==typeof n){var u=r[n.toLowerCase()];if(u)return u===e;var u=o[n.toLowerCase()];if(u)return u===e}else if("number"==typeof n)return n===e;return!1}},n=t.exports=e;var r=n.code=n.codes={backspace:8,tab:9,enter:13,shift:16,ctrl:17,alt:18,"pause/break":19,"caps lock":20,esc:27,space:32,"page up":33,"page down":34,end:35,home:36,left:37,up:38,right:39,down:40,insert:45,delete:46,command:91,"left command":91,"right command":93,"numpad *":106,"numpad +":107,"numpad -":109,"numpad .":110,"numpad /":111,"num lock":144,"scroll lock":145,"my computer":182,"my calculator":183,";":186,"=":187,",":188,"-":189,".":190,"/":191,"`":192,"[":219,"\\":220,"]":221,"'":222},o=n.aliases={windows:91,"⇧":16,"⌥":18,"⌃":17,"⌘":91,ctl:17,control:17,option:18,pause:19,break:19,caps:20,return:13,escape:27,spc:32,spacebar:32,pgup:33,pgdn:34,ins:45,del:46,cmd:91};/*! * Programatically add the following */ for(u=97;u<123;u++)r[String.fromCharCode(u)]=u-32;for(var u=48;u<58;u++)r[u-48]=u;for(u=1;u<13;u++)r["f"+u]=u+111;for(u=0;u<10;u++)r["numpad "+u]=u+96;var i=n.names=n.title={};for(u in r)i[r[u]]=u;for(var c in o)r[c]=o[c]},142:function(t,n,e){function r(t,n,e){return n===n?i(t,n,e):o(t,u,e)}var o=e(100),u=e(211),i=e(212);t.exports=r},174:function(t,n,e){"use strict";function r(t){var n=void 0,e=void 0,r=void 0;t=t||window.location,n=t.protocol+"//"+t.host+t.pathname+t.search,e=n.indexOf("?edit=true"),r=n.indexOf("&edit=true"),e>-1?n=n.substring(0,e):r>-1?n=n.substring(0,r):n.indexOf("?")>-1?n+="&edit=true":n+="?edit=true",t.assign(n)}Object.defineProperty(n,"__esModule",{value:!0}),n.default=r},190:function(t,n,e){function r(t){return t?(t=o(t))===u||t===-u?(t<0?-1:1)*i:t===t?t:0:0===t?t:0}var o=e(87),u=1/0,i=1.7976931348623157e308;t.exports=r},211:function(t,n){function e(t){return t!==t}t.exports=e},212:function(t,n){function e(t,n,e){for(var r=e-1,o=t.length;++r<o;)if(t[r]===n)return r;return-1}t.exports=e},213:function(t,n,e){function r(t){return null==t?[]:o(t,u(t))}var o=e(214),u=e(42);t.exports=r},214:function(t,n,e){function r(t,n){return o(n,function(n){return t[n]})}var o=e(43);t.exports=r},260:function(t,n){},3:function(t,n){var e=Array.isArray;t.exports=e},4:function(t,n){function e(t){var n=typeof t;return null!=t&&("object"==n||"function"==n)}t.exports=e},41:function(t,n){function e(t){return null!=t&&"object"==typeof t}t.exports=e},42:function(t,n,e){var r=e(75),o=r(Object.keys,Object);t.exports=o},43:function(t,n){function e(t,n){for(var e=-1,r=null==t?0:t.length,o=Array(r);++e<r;)o[e]=n(t[e],e,t);return o}t.exports=e},44:function(t,n,e){function r(t){return null!=t&&u(t.length)&&!o(t)}var o=e(49),u=e(137);t.exports=r},49:function(t,n,e){function r(t){if(!u(t))return!1;var n=o(t);return n==c||n==f||n==i||n==a}var o=e(50),u=e(4),i="[object AsyncFunction]",c="[object Function]",f="[object GeneratorFunction]",a="[object Proxy]";t.exports=r},5:function(t,n,e){function r(t){return"string"==typeof t||!u(t)&&i(t)&&o(t)==c}var o=e(50),u=e(3),i=e(41),c="[object String]";t.exports=r},50:function(t,n){function e(t){return o.call(t)}var r=Object.prototype,o=r.toString;t.exports=e},51:function(t,n,e){function r(t){var n=o(t),e=n%1;return n===n?e?n-e:n:0}var o=e(190);t.exports=r},62:function(t,n){function e(){return!1}t.exports=e},7:function(t,n,e){function r(t,n,e,r){t=u(t)?t:f(t),e=e&&!r?c(e):0;var s=t.length;return e<0&&(e=a(s+e,0)),i(t)?e<=s&&t.indexOf(n,e)>-1:!!s&&o(t,n,e)>-1}var o=e(142),u=e(44),i=e(5),c=e(51),f=e(213),a=Math.max;t.exports=r},740:function(t,n,e){"use strict";function r(t){return t&&t.__esModule?t:{default:t}}function o(){var t=document.querySelector(".clay-kiln-logo");t&&t.classList.add("show")}function u(){document.addEventListener("keydown",function(t){var n=(0,a.default)(t);(0,c.default)(["c","l","a","y"],n)&&!0===t.shiftKey?p+=n:p="","clay"===p?o():p.length>4&&(0,c.default)(p,"clay")?(0,l.default)():p.length>4&&(p="")}),document.addEventListener("keyup",function(){"clay"===p&&(0,l.default)()})}Object.defineProperty(n,"__esModule",{value:!0});var i=e(7),c=r(i);n.default=u;var f=e(138),a=r(f),s=e(174),l=r(s),p=""},75:function(t,n){function e(t,n){return function(e){return t(n(e))}}t.exports=e},87:function(t,n,e){function r(t){if("number"==typeof t)return t;if(u(t))return i;if(o(t)){var n="function"==typeof t.valueOf?t.valueOf():t;t=o(n)?n+"":n}if("string"!=typeof t)return 0===t?t:+t;t=t.replace(c,"");var e=a.test(t);return e||s.test(t)?l(t.slice(2),e?2:8):f.test(t)?i:+t}var o=e(4),u=e(62),i=NaN,c=/^\s+|\s+$/g,f=/^[-+]0x[0-9a-f]+$/i,a=/^0b[01]+$/i,s=/^0o[0-7]+$/i,l=parseInt;t.exports=r}}); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // <![CDATA[ window.modules=[]; window.modules["3"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";window.criteo_q=window.criteo_q||[];var accountId=92394,deviceType=/iPad/.test(navigator.userAgent)?"t":/Mobile|iP(hone|od)|Android|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Silk/.test(navigator.userAgent)?"m":"d";function sansConsent(){window._slateCriteo={trackLandingPage:function(){},trackTransaction:function(){}}}function withConsent(){window._slateCriteo={trackLandingPage:trackLandingPage,trackTransaction:trackTransaction},trackHomePage()}function criteoPush(n){injectCriteo(),window.criteo_q.push.apply(window.criteo_q,n)}var injected=!1;function injectCriteo(){injected||(window.criteo_q.push({event:"setAccount",account:accountId},{event:"setSiteType",type:deviceType}),slateGlobal.injectScript("https://dynamic.criteo.com/js/ld/ld.js?a="+accountId),injected=!0)}function trackTransaction(){criteoPush([{event:"trackTransaction",id:"TransactionID",item:[{id:"1",price:"1",quantity:1}]}])}var trackLandingPage=function(){};document.querySelector(".standalone-page .piano-mount")&&(trackLandingPage=function(){criteoPush([{event:"viewItem",item:"1"}])});var homepageTracked=!1;function trackHomePage(){homepageTracked||"/"!==location.pathname||(criteoPush([{event:"viewHome"}]),homepageTracked=!0)}function applyConsent(n){return n?withConsent():sansConsent(),n}module.exports=function(){sansConsent();try{window.nonIabVendorApi.registerVendor("criteo",{categories:["C0004"],initFunc:applyConsent,updateConsentFunc:applyConsent})}catch(n){console.warn("criteo failed",n)}}; }, {}]; window.modules["4"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var membership=require(5);module.exports=function(e){window.nonIabVendorApi.registerVendor("parsely",{categories:["C0002"],initFunc:function(r){if(!r)return!1;window.PARSELY={autotrack:!1,onReady:function(){try{return Promise.resolve(membership.isMember()).then(function(e){if(e){var r=membership.getSplusCookie(),n={membershipType:r.membershipType,resourceIds:r.resourceIds.join(",")};window.PARSELY.updateDefaults({data:n})}window.location.href.includes("/_pages/")||window.PARSELY.beacon.trackPageView();for(var i=window.slateParsely.leadCaptureEvents,t=0;t<i.length;t++)window.PARSELY.conversions.trackLeadCapture(i[t])})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}}};var n=document.createElement("script");return n.id="parsely-cfg",n.src=e,document.body.appendChild(n),!0},updateConsentFunc:function(e){e||window.PARSELY&&(window.PARSELY=Function.prototype)}})}; }, {"5":5}]; window.modules["5"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function _catch(e,r){try{var o=e()}catch(e){return r(e)}return o&&o.then?o.then(void 0,r):o}var checkAccess=function(e){try{return e&&isLoggedIn()?Promise.resolve(_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(userCookiesReady).then(function(){return!!getShowSlugs().slugs.includes(e)})},function(r){return console.debug("Error in checkAccess for showSlug: "+e,r),!1})):Promise.resolve(!1)}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},getMembershipInfo=function(){return Promise.resolve(userCookiesReady).then(function(){if(hasSplusCookie()){var e=document.documentElement.dataset.myslateurl,r=toUrl(e);r.pathname="/users/slate_page_info/";var o=sessionStorage.getItem(IS_PURCHASING_KEY);o&&r.searchParams.set("purchase",!0);var t=new AbortController;return setTimeout(function(){return t.abort()},5e3),_catch(function(){var e={method:"GET",credentials:"include",headers:{Accept:"application/json"},signal:t.signal};return Promise.resolve(fetch(r.href,e)).then(function(e){return Promise.resolve(e.json()).then(function(e){return o&&sessionStorage.removeItem(IS_PURCHASING_KEY),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("returnedUserInfo")),e})})},function(e){"AbortError"===e.name?console.error("getMembershipInfo timed out after 5 seconds",e):console.error("Fetch for myslate membership info failed:",e),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("userInfoError"))})}})},isQuizMember=function(){return Promise.resolve(isMember()).then(function(e){if(!e)return!1;var r=getMembershipType();return["Slate_Plus_All_Access","Quiz","Games"].some(function(e){return r.includes(e)})})},isPodcastMember=function(){return Promise.resolve(isMember()).then(function(e){return!!e&&isPodcastRid(getMembershipType())})},isMember=function(){return Promise.resolve(userCookiesReady).then(function(){return hasSplusCookie()})},maybeUpdateShowSlugs=function(){try{var e=document.documentElement.dataset.myslateurl;return Promise.resolve(fetchShowSlugsHash(e)).then(function(r){var o=getShowSlugs();o.hash&&o.hash===r||(removeShowSlugs(),o=getShowSlugs());var t=function(){if(!Object.keys(o).length)return Promise.resolve(fetchShowSlugs(e)).then(function(e){e.length&&setShowSlugs(e,r)})}();if(t&&t.then)return t.then(function(){})})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},updateUser=function(){try{if(!isLoggedIn())return cookies.remove("splus",membershipCookieAttrs),removeShowSlugs(),Promise.resolve();var e=_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(getUserResources()).then(function(e){setPianoMember(e)})},function(e){console.error("Error fetching user resources",e)});return Promise.resolve(e&&e.then?e.then(function(){return maybeUpdateShowSlugs()}):maybeUpdateShowSlugs())}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},pianoService=require(55),getPianoId=pianoService.getPianoId,getUserResources=pianoService.getUserResources,_require=require(23),toUrl=_require.toUrl,cookies=require(38),_require2=require(77),fetchShowSlugsHash=_require2.fetchShowSlugsHash,getShowSlugs=_require2.getShowSlugs,removeShowSlugs=_require2.removeShowSlugs,fetchShowSlugs=_require2.fetchShowSlugs,setShowSlugs=_require2.setShowSlugs,membershipCookieAttrs={domain:"."+location.hostname},IS_PURCHASING_KEY="userIsPurchasing",userCookiesReady=updateUser();function isMemberSkipLookup(){return hasSplusCookie()}function hasSplusCookie(){return!!getSplusCookie()}function getSplusCookie(){return cookies.getJSON("splus")}function setMembershipCookie(e,r){cookies.set(e,r,Object.assign({},membershipCookieAttrs,{expires:365,SameSite:"Strict",secure:"https:"===location.protocol}))}function setPianoMember(e){if(e.data instanceof Array){var r=e.data.filter(function(e){return e.granted}).map(function(e){return e.resource.rid});if((r=Array.from(new Set(r))).length>0){var o={membershipType:"piano",resourceIds:r};setMembershipCookie("splus",JSON.stringify(o))}else cookies.remove("splus",membershipCookieAttrs)}}function getMembershipType(){var e="none",r=getSplusCookie();return r&&(e=r.membershipType,r.resourceIds&&(e=e+"|"+r.resourceIds.join("|"))),e}function isPodcastRid(e){return["Slate_Plus_All_Access","Big_Mood_Plus"].some(function(r){return e.includes(r)})}function getPodcastInfo(e){if(!hasSplusCookie())throw new Error("User is not splus user.");var r=document.documentElement.dataset.myslateurl;return fetch(r+"/membership/podcasts_feeds/?feed="+e,{method:"GET",credentials:"include",headers:{Accept:"application/json"}}).then(function(e){return e.json().then(function(r){if(!e.ok)throw new Error(r.message);return r})})}function postPodcastSmsNumber(e,r){if(!hasSplusCookie())throw new Error("User is not splus user.");var o=document.documentElement.dataset.myslateurl+"/membership/podcasts_sms/",t={method:"POST",credentials:"include",headers:{Accept:"application/json"},body:JSON.stringify({phoneNumber:e,feedId:r})};return fetch(o,t).then(function(e){return e.text().then(function(r){if(!e.ok)throw new Error(r);return r})})}function isLoggedIn(){return!!getLoginId()}function getLoginId(){return getPianoId()}function getFeedUrl(e,r){for(var o=0;o<r.length;o++){var t=r[o];if(t.display_name===e)return t.feed_url}}function getUserEmail(){var e=pianoService.getPianoJwt();return e&&e.email.trim().toLowerCase()}function removeCookie(e){cookies.remove(e,membershipCookieAttrs)}module.exports.IS_PURCHASING_KEY=IS_PURCHASING_KEY,module.exports.checkAccess=checkAccess,module.exports.getLoginId=getLoginId,module.exports.getMembershipType=getMembershipType,module.exports.getMembershipInfo=getMembershipInfo,module.exports.isLoggedIn=isLoggedIn,module.exports.isMember=isMember,module.exports.isMemberSkipLookup=isMemberSkipLookup,module.exports.getFeedUrl=getFeedUrl,module.exports.setPianoMember=setPianoMember,module.exports.getSplusCookie=getSplusCookie,module.exports.updateUser=updateUser,module.exports.userCookiesReady=userCookiesReady,module.exports.getPodcastInfo=getPodcastInfo,module.exports.postPodcastSmsNumber=postPodcastSmsNumber,module.exports.getUserEmail=getUserEmail,module.exports.setMembershipCookie=setMembershipCookie,module.exports.removeCookie=removeCookie,module.exports.isPodcastMember=isPodcastMember,module.exports.isQuizMember=isQuizMember,module.exports.isPodcastRid=isPodcastRid; }, {"23":23,"38":38,"55":55,"77":77}]; window.modules["17"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var domEventData,resolveWaitForPageview,getDomEventData=function(e){if(domEventData)return domEventData;try{e=e||document.querySelectorAll("script.js-analytics-js-data")[0],domEventData=JSON.parse(e.textContent)}catch(e){console.warn("unable to get dom event data for amplitude",e)}return domEventData},track=function(e,t){var a=getDomEventData(),r={};Object.assign(r,a,t);try{return amplitude.track(e,r).promise}catch(a){console.error("FAILED amplitude.track",e,t,a)}},waitForPageview=new Promise(function(e,t){resolveWaitForPageview=e});function trackAfterPageview(){for(var e=arguments.length,t=new Array(e),a=0;a<e;a++)t[a]=arguments[a];waitForPageview.then(function(){track.apply(void 0,t)})}var page=function(e){try{return Promise.resolve(amplitude.track("Loaded a Page",e).promise).then(function(){resolveWaitForPageview()})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}};module.exports.getDomEventData=getDomEventData,module.exports.getInstance=function(){return amplitude},module.exports.page=page,module.exports.track=track,module.exports.trackAfterPageview=trackAfterPageview,module.exports.afterPageview=waitForPageview,exports.log=function(e,t){return Promise.resolve(waitForPageview).then(function(){window.slateAmplitudeQueue.push(function(a){for(var r in t=Object.assign({},getDomEventData(),t))"boolean"==typeof t[r]&&(t[r]=(""+t[r]).toUpperCase());return a.track(e,t)})})}; }, {}]; window.modules["23"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function toUrl(r,a){var t;try{t=new URL(r),a&&(t.search=updateParams(t.search,a))}catch(r){t=null}return t}function hasParam(r,a){return!!new URL(r).searchParams.get(a)}function updateParams(r,a){var t=paramStringToObject(r),e=paramStringToObject(a);return new URLSearchParams(Object.assign({},t,e)).toString()}function paramStringToObject(r){for(var a=Array.from(new URLSearchParams(r)),t={},e=0;e<a.length;e++){var n=a[e],o=n[0],i=n[1];o=o.trim(),i=i.trim(),t[o]=i}return t}function normalizeUrl(r,a){if(r){var t=new URL(r,a.site.baseUrl);return t.host=a.site.host,t.toString()}}module.exports={toUrl:toUrl,hasParam:hasParam,paramStringToObject:paramStringToObject,normalizeUrl:normalizeUrl}; }, {}]; window.modules["24"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.getActualTheme=getActualTheme,exports.getTheme=getTheme,exports.getThemeClass=getThemeClass,exports.onThemeChange=onThemeChange,exports.setTheme=setTheme;var prefersDark=window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)"),THEME_OPTIONS=["dark","light","auto"],CLASS_OPTIONS=THEME_OPTIONS.map(getThemeClass);function getActualTheme(){return resolveTheme(getTheme())}function resolveTheme(e){return"dark"===e||"auto"===e&&prefersDark.matches?"dark":"light"}function setTheme(e){var t;(t=document.documentElement.classList).remove.apply(t,CLASS_OPTIONS),document.documentElement.classList.add(getThemeClass(e));try{localStorage.setItem("theme",e)}catch(t){console.error("failed to set theme in storage",e,t)}window.dispatchEvent(makeThemeChangeEvent())}function makeThemeChangeEvent(){return new CustomEvent("theme-change",{detail:{theme:getActualTheme()}})}function getTheme(){try{var e=localStorage.getItem("theme")}catch(t){console.error("failed to get theme from storage",e,t)}return THEME_OPTIONS.includes(e)||(e="light"),e}function getThemeClass(e){return void 0===e&&(e=getTheme()),"theme-"+e}function onThemeChange(e){e(getActualTheme()),prefersDark.addEventListener("change",function(){return e(getActualTheme())}),window.addEventListener("theme-change",function(t){return e(t.detail.theme)})} }, {}]; window.modules["29"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var loaded=new Set;function executeScripts(e){e.querySelectorAll("script").forEach(function(e){var t=document.createElement("script");e.src?t.src=e.src:e.textContent&&(t.text=e.textContent),e.parentNode.insertBefore(t,e),e.parentNode.removeChild(e)})}function _load(e,t){if(void 0===t&&(t={}),!loaded.has(e)){var n=e.querySelector(".lazyload-container > noscript");if(n){var o=n.parentNode;o.innerHTML=n.innerText,loaded.add(e),executeScripts(e),o.classList.add("lazyload-container--loaded"),t.fluid&&(o.style.paddingBottom="",o.classList.add("lazyload-container--fluid")),o.hidden=!1}else console.error('cannot find "noscript" for unloaded el',e)}}function _unload(e,t){if(loaded.has(e)){var n=e.querySelector(".lazyload-container");if(n&&!n.firstElementChild.matches("noscript")){var o=n.offsetHeight;n.innerHTML="\n <noscript>\n "+n.innerHTML+"\n </noscript>\n ",loaded.delete(e),n.classList.remove("lazyload-container--loaded"),t.fluid&&(n.style.paddingBottom=o+"px",n.classList.remove("lazyload-container--fluid"))}else console.error("cannot find container to unload el",e)}}module.exports.createObserver=function(e){e=Object.assign({intersectionObserverOptions:{rootMargin:"100% 0% 100% 0%"},limit:1/0,fluid:!1,onLoad:function(){},onUnload:function(){}},e);var t=new Map,n=new IntersectionObserver(function(n){n.forEach(function(n){var o;t.has(n.target)?o=t.get(n.target):(o={el:n.target},t.set(n.target,o)),o.isIntersecting=n.isIntersecting,o.offsetTop=n.boundingClientRect.top+window.scrollY,!o.loaded&&o.isIntersecting&&(_load(n.target,e),o.loaded=!0,e.onLoad(n.target,e))});var o=[];t.forEach(function(e){e.loaded&&o.push(e)});var r=o.length-e.limit;r>0&&o.filter(function(e){return!e.isIntersecting}).map(function(e){return e.distance=Math.abs(e.offsetTop-window.scrollY),e}).sort(function(e,t){return t.distance-e.distance}).slice(0,r).forEach(function(t){_unload(t.el,e),t.loaded=!1,e.onUnload(t.el,e)})},e.intersectionObserverOptions);return{observe:function(){return n.observe.apply(n,arguments)},unobserve:function(){return n.unobserve.apply(n,arguments)},load:function(t){return _load(t,e)},unload:function(t){return _unload(t,e)}}},window.addEventListener("load",function(){var e=document.querySelectorAll(".lazyload-html--auto");if(e.length>0){var t=exports.createObserver({fluid:!0});e.forEach(function(e){return t.observe(e)})}}),module.exports.executeScripts=executeScripts; }, {}]; window.modules["38"] = [function(require,module,exports){!function(e){var n;if("function"==typeof define&&define.amd&&(define(e),n=!0),"object"==typeof exports&&(module.exports=e(),n=!0),!n){var t=window.Cookies,o=window.Cookies=e();o.noConflict=function(){return window.Cookies=t,o}}}(function(){function e(){for(var e=0,n={};e<arguments.length;e++){var t=arguments[e];for(var o in t)n[o]=t[o]}return n}function n(e){return e.replace(/(%[0-9A-Z]{2})+/g,decodeURIComponent)}return function t(o){function r(){}function i(n,t,i){if("undefined"!=typeof document){"number"==typeof(i=e({path:"/"},r.defaults,i)).expires&&(i.expires=new Date(1*new Date+864e5*i.expires)),i.expires=i.expires?i.expires.toUTCString():"";try{var c=JSON.stringify(t);/^[\{\[]/.test(c)&&(t=c)}catch(e){}t=o.write?o.write(t,n):encodeURIComponent(String(t)).replace(/%(23|24|26|2B|3A|3C|3E|3D|2F|3F|40|5B|5D|5E|60|7B|7D|7C)/g,decodeURIComponent),n=encodeURIComponent(String(n)).replace(/%(23|24|26|2B|5E|60|7C)/g,decodeURIComponent).replace(/[]/g,escape);var f="";for(var u in i)i[u]&&(f+="; "+u,!0!==i[u]&&(f+="="+i[u].split(";")[0]));return document.cookie=n+"="+t+f}}function c(e,t){if("undefined"!=typeof document){for(var r={},i=document.cookie?document.cookie.split("; "):[],c=0;c<i.length;c++){var f=i[c].split("="),u=f.slice(1).join("=");t||'"'!==u.charAt(0)||(u=u.slice(1,-1));try{var a=n(f[0]);if(u=(o.read||o)(u,a)||n(u),t)try{u=JSON.parse(u)}catch(e){}if(r[a]=u,e===a)break}catch(e){}}return e?r[e]:r}}return r.set=i,r.get=function(e){return c(e,!1)},r.getJSON=function(e){return c(e,!0)},r.remove=function(n,t){i(n,"",e(t,{expires:-1}))},r.defaults={},r.withConverter=t,r}(function(){})}); }, {}]; window.modules["40"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var launchOnboarding=function(e){try{return!e.onboarding||document.documentElement.clientWidth<=1024?Promise.resolve():Promise.resolve(piano.getExtendedUserData("onboarding")).then(function(n){var r=n.email,i=piano.getCustomFields(n);if(i.onboarding_enabled)return window._ONBOARDING={user:Object.assign({},i,{email:r}),experience:e},Promise.resolve(fetch("/fixins/onboarding/index.html").then(function(e){return e.text()}).then(function(e){return(new DOMParser).parseFromString(e,"text/html")})).then(function(e){e.head.querySelectorAll("meta,title").forEach(function(e){return e.remove()});var n=document.querySelector("#onboarding-container");n.innerHTML=e.head.innerHTML+e.body.innerHTML,executeScripts(n)})})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},membership=require(5),piano=require(55),_require=require(29),executeScripts=_require.executeScripts;exports.init=function(){membership.isLoggedIn()&&window.tp.push(["addHandler","setResponseVariable",function(e){return launchOnboarding(e.responseVariables)}])}; }, {"5":5,"29":29,"55":55}]; window.modules["47"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var dropdownSelector=".dropdown",buttonSelector=".dropdown__button",contentSelector=".dropdown__content";module.exports=function(e){(e.matches(dropdownSelector)?[e]:e.querySelectorAll(dropdownSelector)).forEach(initialize)};var x=0;function initialize(e){var t=e.querySelector(contentSelector);if(!t.id){t.id="dropdown-"+x++;var n=e.querySelector(buttonSelector);n.setAttribute("aria-controls",t.id),n.setAttribute("aria-expanded",!1);var r={click:function(t){e.contains(t.target)||o()},keyup:function(e){["Escape","Esc"].includes(e.key)&&o()}};e.addEventListener("click",function(){return"true"===n.getAttribute("aria-expanded")?o():function(){for(var e in n.setAttribute("aria-expanded","true"),r)document.body.addEventListener(e,r[e])}()}),e.hidden=!1,n.disabled=!1}function o(){for(var e in n.setAttribute("aria-expanded","false"),r)document.body.removeEventListener(e,r[e])}} }, {}]; window.modules["48"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";exports.formatArticleData=function(t){return{content_created:t.pub_date,content_author:t.authors.join(","),content_section:t.section,tags:t.tags,custom_variables:{contentRubric:t.rubric,amplitudePageType:t.page_type}}},exports.allowedOrigins=["https://sandbox.piano.io","https://id.piano.io","https://buy.piano.io","https://sandbox.tinypass.com","https://id.tinypass.com","https://buy.tinypass.com"]; }, {}]; window.modules["49"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var dropdown=require(47),darkMode=require(24);function munge(e){return e.trim().toLowerCase()}function constructThemePickers(e){var r=e.querySelectorAll(".theme-picker");function n(e){r.forEach(function(r){r.querySelector(".dropdown__label").innerHTML=e.innerHTML});var n=munge(e.innerText);darkMode.setTheme(n)}r.forEach(function(e){e.querySelectorAll(".theme-picker__option").forEach(function(e){var r=munge(e.innerText);document.documentElement.classList.contains("theme-"+r)&&n(e),e.addEventListener("click",function(e){n(e.currentTarget)})}),dropdown(e)})}module.exports=constructThemePickers; }, {"24":24,"47":47}]; window.modules["54"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function _catch(t,r){try{var e=t()}catch(t){return r(t)}return e&&e.then?e.then(void 0,r):e}var _require=require(885),get=_require.get;function constructUserEndpoint(t){var r=constructBaseEndpoint();if(t){var e=new URL(r);e.pathname=""+e.pathname+t+"/",r=e.href}return r}function constructOptOutEndpoint(t){if(!t)throw Error("You must provide an email to opt out of communication.");var r=constructBaseEndpoint(),e=new URL(r);return e.pathname=e.pathname+"optout/"+t+"/",r=e.href}function constructBaseEndpoint(){var t=document.documentElement.dataset.myslateurl;return new URL(t+"/proxies/newsletters/").href}module.exports.getSubscriptions=function(t){try{var r=constructUserEndpoint(t);return Promise.resolve(_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(get(r))},function(t){throw Error("Error fetching user newsletter subscriptions from "+r,t)}))}catch(t){return Promise.reject(t)}},module.exports.updateSubscriptions=function(t,r,e,n){void 0===t&&(t={}),void 0===e&&(e=""),void 0===n&&(n=!1);try{if(!r)throw Error("You must provide an email to update subscriptions.");var o,i=Object.assign({},t,{token:e,isTurnstile:n});return Promise.resolve(_catch(function(){o=constructUserEndpoint(r);var t={method:"POST",credentials:"include",body:JSON.stringify(i)};return Promise.resolve(get(o,t))},function(r){throw Error("Error updating user newsletter subscriptions with endpoint "+o+" and data "+JSON.stringify(t),r)}))}catch(t){return Promise.reject(t)}},module.exports.optOutOfSubscriptions=function(t,r){try{var e=constructOptOutEndpoint(t);return Promise.resolve(_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(get(e,{method:"GET",credentials:"include"}))},function(t){throw Error("Something went wrong while opting out.",t)}))}catch(t){return Promise.reject(t)}},module.exports.getAllNewsletters=function(){try{var t=constructBaseEndpoint(),r=new URL(t+"all/").href;return Promise.resolve(_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(get(r))},function(t){throw Error("Unable to fetch newsletters",t)}))}catch(t){return Promise.reject(t)}}; }, {"885":885}]; window.modules["55"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var cookies=require(38),PIANOAPITIMEOUT=3e3;module.exports={getExtendedUserData:function(e){return new Promise(function(t,i){var o=setTimeout(i,PIANOAPITIMEOUT);window.tp||(window.tp=[]);window.tp.push(["init",function(){tp.pianoId.loadExtendedUser({formName:e,extendedUserLoaded:function(e){clearTimeout(o),e?t(e):i(e)}})}])})},getCustomFields:function(e){for(var t={},i=0,o=e.custom_field_values;i<o.length;i++){var n=o[i],r=n.field_name,u=n.value;try{t[r]=JSON.parse(u)}catch(e){t[r]="string"==typeof u&&u?u:null}}return t},getCustomFieldValue:function(e,t){if(e.custom_field_values)for(var i=0;i<e.custom_field_values.length;i++)if(e.custom_field_values[i].field_name===t)return e.custom_field_values[i].value},getPianoJwt:function(){var e=cookies.get("__utp");if(e)try{var t=atob(e.split(".")[1]);return JSON.parse(t)}catch(t){return void console.error("Error parsing __utp cookie: "+e,t)}},getPianoId:function(){var e=module.exports.getPianoJwt();if(e)return e.sub},getUser:function(){return new Promise(function(e,t){var i=setTimeout(t,PIANOAPITIMEOUT);window.tp||(window.tp=[]),window.tp.push(["init",function(){try{clearTimeout(i),e(window.tp.pianoId.getUser())}catch(e){t(e)}}])})},getUserResources:function(){return new Promise(function(e,t){var i=setTimeout(t,PIANOAPITIMEOUT);window.tp||(window.tp=[]),window.tp.push(["init",function(){try{window.tp.api.callApi("/access/list",{},function(t){clearTimeout(i),e(t)})}catch(e){t(e)}}])})}}; }, {"38":38}]; window.modules["56"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var newsletterService=require(54),slateAmplitude=require(17),slatePermutive=require(80);function handleSubscriptionUpdate(e,t,r,i,a){void 0===a&&(a=!1);var s={};return s[t]=1,r&&(s.Marketing=1),newsletterService.updateSubscriptions({subscribed:s},e,i,a)}function trackNewsletterSignup(e,t){try{var r=new amplitude.Identify;r.append("Newsletters",t),amplitude.identify(r)}catch(e){console.error("amplitude.identify failed",e)}try{ats.setAdditionalData({type:"email",id:e})}catch(e){console.error("Failed to add to ats",e)}slateAmplitude.track("Newsletter: Sign Up",{list_name:t}),slatePermutive.track("Newsletter",{newsletters:[t]})}module.exports.handleSubscriptionUpdate=handleSubscriptionUpdate,module.exports.trackNewsletterSignup=trackNewsletterSignup; }, {"17":17,"54":54,"80":80}]; window.modules["58"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function _catch(r,e){try{var n=r()}catch(r){return e(r)}return n&&n.then?n.then(void 0,e):n}function hashBuff2Hex(r){return Array.from(new Uint8Array(r)).map(function(r){return r.toString(16).padStart(2,"0")}).join("")}function hashBuff2Base64(r){for(var e="",n=new Uint8Array(r),t=n.byteLength,o=0;o<t;o++)e+=String.fromCharCode(n[o]);return window.btoa(e)}var hash=function(r,n){void 0===n&&(n="base64");try{var t;if(!r)return console.error("No value passed to hash"),Promise.resolve();var o=_catch(function(){var o=(new TextEncoder).encode(r);return Promise.resolve(window.crypto.subtle.digest("SHA-256",o)).then(function(r){if("hex"===n)t=hashBuff2Hex(r);else{if("base64"!==n)throw new Error("Encoding: "+n+" not supported",e);t=hashBuff2Base64(r)}})},function(r){console.error(r)});return Promise.resolve(o&&o.then?o.then(function(r){return t}):t)}catch(r){return Promise.reject(r)}};module.exports.hash=hash; }, {}]; window.modules["59"] = [function(require,module,exports){var isObject=require(598),now=require(718),toNumber=require(719),FUNC_ERROR_TEXT="Expected a function",nativeMax=Math.max,nativeMin=Math.min;function debounce(n,i,t){var e,r,o,u,a,c,v=0,f=!1,m=!1,d=!0;if("function"!=typeof n)throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);function T(i){var t=e,o=r;return e=r=void 0,v=i,u=n.apply(o,t)}function s(n){var t=n-c;return void 0===c||t>=i||t<0||m&&n-v>=o}function b(){var n=now();if(s(n))return l(n);a=setTimeout(b,function(n){var t=i-(n-c);return m?nativeMin(t,o-(n-v)):t}(n))}function l(n){return a=void 0,d&&e?T(n):(e=r=void 0,u)}function w(){var n=now(),t=s(n);if(e=arguments,r=this,c=n,t){if(void 0===a)return function(n){return v=n,a=setTimeout(b,i),f?T(n):u}(c);if(m)return clearTimeout(a),a=setTimeout(b,i),T(c)}return void 0===a&&(a=setTimeout(b,i)),u}return i=toNumber(i)||0,isObject(t)&&(f=!!t.leading,o=(m="maxWait"in t)?nativeMax(toNumber(t.maxWait)||0,i):o,d="trailing"in t?!!t.trailing:d),w.cancel=function(){void 0!==a&&clearTimeout(a),v=0,e=c=r=a=void 0},w.flush=function(){return void 0===a?u:l(now())},w}module.exports=debounce; }, {"598":598,"718":718,"719":719}]; window.modules["60"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function dispatchPianoResponseVariables(e){var s=new CustomEvent("pianoResponseVariables",{detail:{responseVariables:e.responseVariables}});window.dispatchEvent(s)}module.exports=dispatchPianoResponseVariables; }, {}]; window.modules["61"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function experienceExecute(e){var n=e.result.events.find(function(e){return"experienceExecute"===e.eventType});if(n){var t=n.eventExecutionContext,i=t.userSegments;if("COMPOSER1X"in i){var r={};i.COMPOSER1X.segments.forEach(function(e){var n=e.split(":"),t=n[0],i=n[2],s=["LTs","LTc","LTreg","CScore"];t=t.toLowerCase(),(s=s.map(function(e){return e.toLowerCase()})).includes(t)&&(r["piano_"+function(e){switch(e){case"cscore":return"ltconvert";default:return e}}(t)]=i)}),t.splitTests.length&&(r.piano_segment_id=[],r.piano_segment_name=[],t.splitTests.forEach(function(e){r.piano_segment_id.push(e.variantId),r.piano_segment_name.push(e.variantName)}));var s=new amplitude.Identify;for(var a in r)s.set(a,r[a]);amplitude.identify(s)}}}module.exports=experienceExecute; }, {}]; window.modules["62"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var supportJournalism=require(75);function showOffer(e){e.containerSelector.includes("#meterwall")&&supportJournalism.setParams(),window._slateCriteo.trackLandingPage()}module.exports=showOffer; }, {"75":75}]; window.modules["63"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var slateAmplitude=require(17);function onCheckoutStateChange(e){switch(e.stateName){case"auth":slateAmplitude.track("Slate Plus: View Checkout");break;case"state2":slateAmplitude.track("Slate Plus: Payment"),window.tfaPush({notify:"subscription",name:"subscription-form-visible",sourceurl:location.href});break;case"bankSecure":slateAmplitude.track("Display 3DS Challenge")}}module.exports=onCheckoutStateChange; }, {"17":17}]; window.modules["64"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function _catch(e,r){try{var t=e()}catch(e){return r(e)}return t&&t.then?t.then(void 0,r):t}var afterCheckout=function(e){try{return Promise.resolve(piano.getExtendedUserData("attribution-menu")).then(function(r){function t(){window._slateCriteo.trackTransaction()}var i=Object.assign({offer_ID:e.offerId,price:e.chargeAmount,plan_type:e.rid,term_ID:e.termId},getMorgioniProps()),n=piano.getCustomFieldValue(r,"attribution_menu");if(n){try{var o=JSON.parse(n);o instanceof Array&&(n=o.join())}catch(e){}var s=piano.getCustomFieldValue(r,"attribution_menu_other");s&&(n+=": "+s),i["S+ Purchase Attribution"]=n}slateAmplitude.track("Slate Plus: Purchase",i),isPodcastRid(e.rid)&&sessionStorage.setItem(IS_PURCHASING_KEY,!0);try{window.fbq("track","Purchase",{currency:e.chargeCurrency,value:e.chargeAmount})}catch(e){console.warn("fb purchase event failed",e)}var a=_catch(function(){function e(){window.gtag("event","conversion",r)}var r={send_to:"AW-794295919/I6C8CKDPrIsBEO_83_oC"},t=membership.getUserEmail(),i=function(){if(t)return Promise.resolve(hash(t,"hex")).then(function(e){r.sha256_email_address=e})}();return i&&i.then?i.then(e):e()},function(e){console.warn("google conversion event failed",e)});return a&&a.then?a.then(t):t()})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},slateAmplitude=require(17),_require=require(71),getMorgioniProps=_require.getMorgioniProps,_require2=require(58),hash=_require2.hash,membership=require(5),piano=require(55),_require3=require(5),IS_PURCHASING_KEY=_require3.IS_PURCHASING_KEY,isPodcastRid=_require3.isPodcastRid;module.exports=afterCheckout; }, {"5":5,"17":17,"55":55,"58":58,"71":71}]; window.modules["65"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _require=require(56),handleSubscriptionUpdate=_require.handleSubscriptionUpdate,trackNewsletterSignup=_require.trackNewsletterSignup,_require2=require(23),toUrl=_require2.toUrl,_require3=require(73),loadRecaptcha=_require3.loadRecaptcha,executeRecaptcha=_require3.executeRecaptcha;function sendPostMessageToPiano(e,r,t){document.getElementById(e).contentWindow.postMessage({piano:{success:r,managementUrl:t}},"*")}function onSuccess(e,r,t,n){sendPostMessageToPiano(e,!0,toUrl(n,{email:r}).href),trackNewsletterSignup(r,t)}function onError(e,r){sendPostMessageToPiano(e,!1,r)}function newsletterSignup(e){"email-signup"===e.eventName&&e.params&&loadRecaptcha().then(function(){try{var r=JSON.parse(e.params.params).iframeId,t=e.params.email,n=e.params.list,a="true"===e.params.marketing||!1,i=e.params.managementUrl,s=function(){if(t&&t.length>0&&r&&n)return Promise.resolve(executeRecaptcha()).then(function(e){handleSubscriptionUpdate(t,n,a,e).then(function(){return onSuccess(r,t,n,i)}).catch(function(){return onError(r,t)})});console.error("Missing information for newsletter signup.")}();return Promise.resolve(s&&s.then?s.then(function(){}):void 0)}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}}).catch(function(e){throw new Error("Couldn't load recaptcha in Piano newsletter-signup",e)})}module.exports=newsletterSignup; }, {"23":23,"56":56,"73":73}]; window.modules["66"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _require=require(70),getRedirectUrl=_require.getRedirectUrl,isSpotifyPlus=_require.isSpotifyPlus,redirectToSpotify=_require.redirectToSpotify;function afterCheckoutClose(e){if("checkoutCompleted"===e.state||"voucherRedemptionCompleted"===e.state){if(isSpotifyPlus())return void redirectToSpotify();location.href=getRedirectUrl()||"/account"}}module.exports=afterCheckoutClose; }, {"70":70}]; window.modules["67"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function _catch(e,r){try{var t=e()}catch(e){return r(e)}return t&&t.then?t.then(void 0,r):t}var loginSuccessHandler=function(e){try{return Promise.resolve(membership.updateUser()).then(function(){var r=!1;function t(t){return r?t:(slateAmplitude.track("Account: Sign In",i),function(){if("PIANOID"===e.source){return Promise.resolve(membership.isMember()).then(function(e){var r=!1;function t(e){if(r)return e;var t=getRedirectUrl();t&&(location.href=t)}var i=function(){if(e&&isSpotifyPlus())return Promise.resolve(redirectToSpotify()).then(function(){!0})}();return i&&i.then?i.then(t):t(i)})}}())}var i={};track("loginSuccessHandlerData",e);var n=function(){if(e.registration){localStorage.removeItem("show_slugs"),slateAmplitude.track("Account: Create New",i);var t=e.params.email;return Promise.resolve(getExtendedUserData("RegistrationFields")).then(function(i){function n(){var t;"PIANOID"!==e.source||null!=(t=e.params)&&t.email_confirmation_required||(location.href=getRedirectUrl()||"/account"),r=!0}var c=getCustomFieldValue(i,"marketing_opt_in"),u=function(){if(JSON.parse(c)){var e=function(){return Promise.resolve(executeRecaptcha()).then(function(e){return Promise.resolve(updateSubscriptions({subscribed:["Marketing"]},t,e)).then(function(){})})},r=_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(loadRecaptcha()).then(function(){})},function(e){console.error("Error loading recaptcha in login-success.js",e)});return r&&r.then?r.then(e):e()}}();return u&&u.then?u.then(n):n()})}}();return n&&n.then?n.then(t):t(n)})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},membership=require(5),_require=require(55),getCustomFieldValue=_require.getCustomFieldValue,getExtendedUserData=_require.getExtendedUserData,_require2=require(54),updateSubscriptions=_require2.updateSubscriptions,slateAmplitude=require(17),_require3=require(70),getRedirectUrl=_require3.getRedirectUrl,isSpotifyPlus=_require3.isSpotifyPlus,redirectToSpotify=_require3.redirectToSpotify,_require4=require(73),loadRecaptcha=_require4.loadRecaptcha,executeRecaptcha=_require4.executeRecaptcha,_require5=require(74),track=_require5.track;module.exports=loginSuccessHandler; }, {"5":5,"17":17,"54":54,"55":55,"70":70,"73":73,"74":74}]; window.modules["68"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var Cookies=require(38),slateAmplitude=require(17),MAX_ADBLOCKER_DELAY=3e3;exports.getValue=function(){var e=Date.now();return new Promise(function(o){!function t(){var i=Date.now()-e,r=Cookies.get("__adblocker");void 0!==r||i>MAX_ADBLOCKER_DELAY?(o([r&&"true"===r,i]),void 0===r&&isSample()&&trackTiming(e)):setTimeout(t,500)}()})},Cookies.remove("__adblocker");var setNptTechAdblockerCookie=function(e){Cookies.set("__adblocker",!!e)};function d(e){return Math.floor(Math.random()*(e-1+1)+1)}exports.enable=function(){var e=document.createElement("script");e.src="//www.npttech.com/advertising.js",e.addEventListener("error",function(){setNptTechAdblockerCookie(!0)}),document.head.appendChild(e)};var isSample=function(){return 20===d(20)||"#adblockdebug"===location.hash};function trackTiming(e){!function o(){setTimeout(function(){var t=Cookies.get("__adblocker");void 0!==t?slateAmplitude.log("Ad Blocker Timing Sample",{adBlocker:"true"===t,adBlockerDelay:Date.now()-e}):o()},500)}()} }, {"17":17,"38":38}]; window.modules["69"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var profileFrame,sendUserDataToProfileFrame=function(){try{return Promise.resolve(piano.getExtendedUserData("attribution-menu")).then(function(e){profileFrame.source.postMessage({userData:e},profileFrame.origin)})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},slateAmplitude=require(17),_require=require(71),getMorgioniProps=_require.getMorgioniProps,setMorgioniProps=_require.setMorgioniProps,cookies=require(38),piano=require(55),_require2=require(70),getRedirectUrl=_require2.getRedirectUrl,redirectToSpotify=_require2.redirectToSpotify,_require3=require(72),coordinateHeights=_require3.coordinateHeights;function init(){var e=window.tp;e.experience.init(),e.amplitude=slateAmplitude,e.morgioni={getMorgioniProps:getMorgioniProps,setMorgioniProps:setMorgioniProps},e.injectRunJs=function(e){var i="/piano/scripts/run-js/"+(e=e.replace(/\.js$/,""))+".js";document.querySelector("script[src*='"+i+"']")||slateGlobal.injectScript(i)},e.fireAmplitude=function(i,o){void 0===o&&(o={}),e.morgioni.setMorgioniProps();var r=e.morgioni.getMorgioniProps(),n=Object.assign({},r,o);slateAmplitude.track(i,n)},e.redirectToSpotify=redirectToSpotify,"/sign-in"===location.pathname||0===location.pathname.indexOf("/_pages/ckcwddy7w0000fhnb8lirc5ip")?signInExperience():"/create-account"!==location.pathname&&0!==location.pathname.indexOf("/_pages/ckd7owq8k00hp0mnbelmdx0lm")||createAccountExperience(),e.pianoId.isUserValid()||"/account/podcasts"!==location.pathname||addNoAccessClass(),e.pianoId.init({loggedOut:function(e){[".local.dev.slate.com",".dev.slate.com",".stage.slate.com",".slate.com"].forEach(function(e){["__utp","splus","show_slugs","sp_secure_id","coral_secure_login_token"].forEach(function(i){cookies.remove(i,{domain:e})})})},profileUpdate:function(){sendUserDataToProfileFrame()}})}function addNoAccessClass(){document.body.classList.add("js-podcast-feed--no-access")}function renderScreen(e){window.tp.pianoId.show({displayMode:"inline",screen:e,containerSelector:"#createAccountOrSignIn"})}function signInExperience(){window.tp.pianoId.getUser()?location.href=getRedirectUrl()||"/":renderScreen("login")}function createAccountExperience(){window.tp.pianoId.getUser()?location.href=getRedirectUrl()||"/account":renderScreen("register")}var accountEl=document.querySelector("#account");accountEl&&window.addEventListener("message",function(e){!e.data.profileReady||null===e.origin.match(/\bpiano\.io$/)&&null===e.origin.match(/\btinypass\.com$/)||(profileFrame={source:e.source,origin:e.origin},sendUserDataToProfileFrame())}),coordinateHeights(),module.exports=init; }, {"17":17,"38":38,"55":55,"70":70,"71":71,"72":72}]; window.modules["70"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function _catch(e,t){try{var r=e()}catch(e){return t(e)}return r&&r.then?r.then(void 0,t):r}var getSpotifyFeedUrls=function(){try{var e=function(e){if(t)return e;for(var r=[],o=0;o<n.length;o++)if(n[o].desktop_schemes&&n[o].desktop_schemes.length)for(var i=n[o].desktop_schemes,s=0;s<i.length;s++)"Spotify"===i[s]._name&&r.push(i[s]._url);return r},t=!1,r=document.documentElement.dataset.myslateurl||"https://my.slate.com",o=new URL(r);o.pathname="membership/setup_feeds/";var n,i=o.href,s=_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(fetch(i,{method:"GET",credentials:"include",headers:{Accept:"application/json"}}).then(function(e){return e.json()})).then(function(e){n=e})},function(e){throw Error("Error getting user feeds from Supporting Cast: "+e)});return Promise.resolve(s&&s.then?s.then(e):e(s))}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},redirectToSpotify=function(e){void 0===e&&(e="/account/podcasts");try{var t=function(e){if(r)return e;location.href=o},r=!1;if(!window.confirm('You\'re about to be redirected to Spotify. Click "OK" to proceed. Click "Cancel" to sign in as another user.'))return window.tp.pianoId.logout(),location.href="/sign-in",Promise.resolve();var o=e,n=_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(getSpotifyFeedUrls()).then(function(e){if(!e.length)throw new Error("No Spotify feed URLs retrieved from MySlate");o=e[0]})},function(e){console.error(e)});return Promise.resolve(n&&n.then?n.then(t):t(n))}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},_require=require(23),hasParam=_require.hasParam;function isValidOrigin(e){var t=new URL(e).origin;return["spotify.com","slate.com"].some(function(e){return t==="https://"+e||t.endsWith("."+e)})}function getRedirectUrl(){var e=new URL(location.href).searchParams.get("redirect_uri");if(e)return isValidOrigin(e)?e:"/"}function isSpotifyPlus(){return"/spotify-plus"===location.pathname||"/_pages/ckw5hrtr4000pz3m9pdlxohl1.html"===location.pathame||hasParam(location.href,"spotify")}module.exports={getRedirectUrl:getRedirectUrl,isSpotifyPlus:isSpotifyPlus,redirectToSpotify:redirectToSpotify}; }, {"23":23}]; window.modules["71"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var STORAGE_KEY="morgioni",PARAM_NAMES=["utm_medium","utm_campaign","utm_content","utm_source"];function setMorgioniProps(){if(location.search){var o=new URLSearchParams(location.search).get("redirect_uri"),r={};if(o)for(var e=new URLSearchParams(o),t=0,i=Array.from(e);t<i.length;t++){var s=i[t],n=s[0],a=s[1];a&&PARAM_NAMES.includes(n)&&(r[n]=a)}if(Object.keys(r).length>0){var c=Object.assign({},getMorgioniProps(),r);try{localStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY,JSON.stringify(c))}catch(o){console.error("failed to store event props",o)}}}}function getMorgioniProps(){try{return JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY))||void 0}catch(o){console.error("failed to access event props",o)}}function removeMorgioniProps(){localStorage.removeItem(STORAGE_KEY)}module.exports={getMorgioniProps:getMorgioniProps,setMorgioniProps:setMorgioniProps,removeMorgioniProps:removeMorgioniProps}; }, {}]; window.modules["72"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";module.exports.coordinateHeights=function(){var e,t,i=[],a=!1;function n(){i=i.sort(function(e,t){return t.height-e.height}),e=i[0],r(i,e.height)}function r(t,i){t.forEach(function(t){var a={offerCard:!0,isTallest:t.uid===e.uid,height:i,uid:t.uid};t.source.postMessage(a,t.origin)})}window.addEventListener("message",function(s){var u,d;s.data.offerCard&&(s.data.isResize&&i.length?r(i,s.data.height):(t=performance.now(),s.data.source=s.source,s.data.origin=s.origin,i.push(s.data),a||e||(a=!0,u=n,d=setInterval(function(){performance.now()-t>o&&(clearInterval(d),u(d))},o))))});var o=1e3}; }, {}]; window.modules["73"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function loadRecaptcha(){return new Promise(function(e,t){slateGlobal.injectScript("https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?render=6LeXl6gZAAAAADIqQtfiQY8WxxgvnbZIbQV2SjHB",function(t){return function(e,t){t(!0)}(0,e)},function(e){return function(e,t){t(new Error("Error loading script "+e.target.src))}(e,t)})})}function executeRecaptcha(){return new Promise(function(e,t){window.grecaptcha.ready(function(){window.grecaptcha.execute("6LeXl6gZAAAAADIqQtfiQY8WxxgvnbZIbQV2SjHB").then(function(t){e(t)}).catch(function(e){return t(e)})})})}module.exports.loadRecaptcha=loadRecaptcha,module.exports.executeRecaptcha=executeRecaptcha; }, {}]; window.modules["74"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function track(e,t,o,n){if(void 0===o&&(o={}),!e||!e.length)throw new Error("eventName is required. Got "+e);if(e.length>255)throw new Error("eventName must be shorter than 255 characters. Got "+e);var r=new URL(document.location.protocol+"//"+document.location.hostname);if(r.pathname="analytics",r.searchParams.set("eventName",encodeURIComponent(e)),t){if("object"!=typeof t)throw new Error("eventData must be an object. Got "+t);r.searchParams.set("eventData",encodeURIComponent(JSON.stringify(t)))}return n||(n=Function.prototype),fetch(r).then(n)}module.exports.track=track; }, {}]; window.modules["75"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _require=require(23),toUrl=_require.toUrl,_require2=require(17),afterPageview=_require2.afterPageview,hasParams=location.search.includes("support_journalism");if(hasParams){var thisUrl=toUrl(location.href);thisUrl.searchParams.delete("support_journalism"),thisUrl.searchParams.delete("pay"),history.replaceState(null,"",thisUrl.href)}exports.hasParams=function(){return hasParams},exports.setParams=function(){return Promise.resolve(afterPageview).then(function(){history.replaceState(null,"",toUrl(location.href,{pay:Date.now(),support_journalism:"please"}).href)})}; }, {"17":17,"23":23}]; window.modules["77"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function _catch(e,r){try{var s=e()}catch(e){return r(e)}return s&&s.then?s.then(void 0,r):s}var fetchShowSlugs=function(e){try{var r=toUrl(e);r.pathname="/users/user_podcast_slug/",sessionStorage.getItem(IS_PURCHASING_KEY)&&r.searchParams.set("purchase",!0);var s={method:"GET",credentials:"include",headers:{Accept:"application/json"}};return Promise.resolve(_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(fetch(r.href,s)).then(function(e){return Promise.resolve(e.json()).then(function(e){return e.slugs})})},function(e){return console.debug("Error fetching user show slugs: "+e),[]}))}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},fetchShowSlugsHash=function(e){try{var r=toUrl(e);r.pathname="/subscriptions/podcast/show-slugs-hash/";var s={method:"GET",credentials:"include",headers:{Accept:"application/json"}};return Promise.resolve(_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(fetch(r,s)).then(function(e){return Promise.resolve(e.json()).then(function(e){return e.hash})})},function(e){console.debug("Error fetching show slugs hash: "+e)}))}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},_require=require(5),IS_PURCHASING_KEY=_require.IS_PURCHASING_KEY,_require2=require(23),toUrl=_require2.toUrl,STORAGE_SLUGS_KEY="show_slugs";function getShowSlugs(){var e={};try{e=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_SLUGS_KEY))||{}}catch(e){console.error("Error getting show_slugs in localStorage",e)}return e}function removeShowSlugs(){try{localStorage.removeItem(STORAGE_SLUGS_KEY)}catch(e){console.error("Error accessing localStorage",e)}return null}function setShowSlugs(e,r){if(void 0===e&&(e=[]),void 0===r&&(r=""),Array.isArray(e)&&r)if(e.length){var s={hash:r,slugs:e};try{localStorage.setItem(STORAGE_SLUGS_KEY,JSON.stringify(s))}catch(e){console.error("Error accessing localStorage",e)}}else console.debug("Slugs array is empty. Not setting anything in storage.");else console.error("Slugs must be an array, hash must be a string. Passed args: slugs: "+e+", hash: "+r)}module.exports={fetchShowSlugsHash:fetchShowSlugsHash,fetchShowSlugs:fetchShowSlugs,getShowSlugs:getShowSlugs,removeShowSlugs:removeShowSlugs,setShowSlugs:setShowSlugs}; }, {"5":5,"23":23}]; window.modules["80"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";module.exports.track=function(e,t,r){try{var a,i=Object.assign({},null==(a=window.slatePermutiveData)?void 0:a.page,t);i.article&&i.article.gsChannels&&delete i.article.gsChannels,window.permutive&&window.permutive.track(e,i,r)}catch(e){console.error("failed to log permutive",e)}}; }, {}]; window.modules["81"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var STORAGE_KEY="promoline-testing",_require=require(23),toUrl=_require.toUrl;function getStorageValuePrefix(e){return toUrl(e).pathname}var storedValue=localStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY);if(storedValue){var prefix=getStorageValuePrefix(location.href);storedValue=0===storedValue.indexOf(prefix)?storedValue.slice(prefix.length):"",localStorage.removeItem(STORAGE_KEY)}function storePromoLineVariant(e,r){try{localStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY,getStorageValuePrefix(r)+e)}catch(e){console.warn("failed to store promo line testing candidate",e)}}exports.trackExperimentalPromolines=function(e){var r=e.querySelector("[data-promoline-variant]:not([hidden])"),t=null==r?void 0:r.closest("a[href]");if(t){var o=function(e){storePromoLineVariant(r.innerText,t.href)};t.addEventListener("click",o),t.addEventListener("contextmenu",o),t.addEventListener("touchstart",o,{passive:!0})}},exports.retrieveExperimentalPromoline=function(){return storedValue}; }, {"23":23}]; window.modules["87"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var visitStart=!1;function isVisitStart(){try{return window.sessionStorage.getItem("visitstarted")||(window.sessionStorage.setItem("visitstarted","1"),visitStart=!0),visitStart}catch(t){console.error(t)}}module.exports.isVisitStart=isVisitStart; }, {}]; window.modules["88"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var STORAGE_KEY="via",DELIMITER="_";function store(e){if(e.length){pageType&&e.unshift(pageType);var t=e.join(DELIMITER);try{sessionStorage.setItem(STORAGE_KEY,t)}catch(e){console.warn("failed to store via",e)}}else sessionStorage.removeItem(STORAGE_KEY)}exports.retrieve=function(){try{var e=sessionStorage.getItem(STORAGE_KEY);return sessionStorage.removeItem(STORAGE_KEY),e}catch(e){console.warn("failed to retrieve via",e)}};var pageType,PREFIXES={article:"article",homepage:"homepage","vertical front":"section","rubric front":"rubric"};function collectVias(e){var t=e.target;if(t.closest("a[href],form[action]")){var a=[];for(t=t.closest("[data-via]");t;)a.push(t.dataset.via),t=t.parentElement.closest("[data-via]");store(a)}}exports.setPageType=function(e){pageType=PREFIXES[e]},document.documentElement.addEventListener("click",collectVias),document.documentElement.addEventListener("submit",collectVias); }, {}]; window.modules["89"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var TWA_PROTOCOL="android-app:",KEY_IS_TWA="isTrustedWebActivity",ANDROID_QUERY_PARAM="android-app",PACKAGE_NAME="com.wapo.slate.android";function isTrustedWebActivity(){var r=document.referrer&&document.referrer.trim()||"";if(0===r.length)return!1;var e=new URL(r);return e.protocol===TWA_PROTOCOL&&(e.hostname===PACKAGE_NAME||0===e.pathname.indexOf("//"+PACKAGE_NAME))}function hasAndroidSearchParam(){return!!location.search&&"1"===new URLSearchParams(location.search).get(ANDROID_QUERY_PARAM)}function isAndroidSession(){if("Y"===sessionStorage.getItem(KEY_IS_TWA))return!0;var r=isTrustedWebActivity()||hasAndroidSearchParam();return r&&sessionStorage.setItem(KEY_IS_TWA,"Y"),r}module.exports.isAndroidSession=isAndroidSession; }, {}]; window.modules["90"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var abStringRe=new RegExp("^([0-9]+)_([0-9]+)$");function parseAbTestString(e){return abStringRe.exec(e)}function isValidAbTestString(e){return!!parseAbTestString(e)}module.exports.parseAbTestString=parseAbTestString,module.exports.isValidAbTestString=isValidAbTestString; }, {}]; window.modules["91"] = [function(require,module,exports){var debounce=require(59),isObject=require(598),FUNC_ERROR_TEXT="Expected a function";function throttle(e,i,t){var n=!0,r=!0;if("function"!=typeof e)throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);return isObject(t)&&(n="leading"in t?!!t.leading:n,r="trailing"in t?!!t.trailing:r),debounce(e,i,{leading:n,maxWait:i,trailing:r})}module.exports=throttle; }, {"59":59,"598":598}]; window.modules["92"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var Cookies=require(38),_require=require(87),isVisitStart=_require.isVisitStart,VISIT_COOKIE_NAME="slatevisits",MONTHLY_VISIT_COOKIE_NAME="slatevisitsmon";function cookieSettings(t){var i={domain:document.documentElement.dataset.trackingdomain,secure:!0,SameSite:"Strict"};return t?Object.assign(t,i):i}function setTotalVisits(t){Cookies.set(VISIT_COOKIE_NAME,t,cookieSettings({expires:1825}))}function setMonthlyVisits(t){Cookies.set(MONTHLY_VISIT_COOKIE_NAME,t,cookieSettings({expires:30}))}function getTotalVisits(){return Cookies.get(VISIT_COOKIE_NAME)}function getMonthlyVisits(){return Cookies.get(MONTHLY_VISIT_COOKIE_NAME)}function incrementVisitCookies(){var t=getTotalVisits();setTotalVisits(t=t?parseInt(t)+1:1);var i=Cookies.get(MONTHLY_VISIT_COOKIE_NAME);setMonthlyVisits(i=i?parseInt(i)+1:1)}function getVisitCounts(){return isVisitStart()&&incrementVisitCookies(),{totalVisits:getTotalVisits()||"1",monthlyVisits:getMonthlyVisits()||"1"}}module.exports.getVisitCounts=getVisitCounts; }, {"38":38,"87":87}]; window.modules["93"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _once=require(94),slateAmplitude=require(17);function cb(e,t){void 0===t&&(t=!1);for(var n=window.webVitals,i=n.onCLS,r=n.onLCP,a=n.onINP,o={},c={CLS:["largestShiftTarget","largestShiftTime","largestShiftValue","largestShiftEntry","largestShiftSource","loadState"],INP:["interactionTarget","interactionTime","interactionType","loadState"],LCP:["element","elementRenderDelay","url","timeToFirstByte","resourceLoadDelay","resourceLoadDuration","lcpResourceEntry"]},l=0,s=[i,r,a];l<s.length;l++){(0,s[l])(function(e){t&&console.debug("%cWeb Vitals: "+e.name,"background-color: mediumSeaGreen; color: white; padding: 2px 4px; border-radius: 2px;",JSON.stringify(e)),o[e.name]=e.value,o[e.name+"_rating"]=e.rating;var n=c[e.name];n&&n.forEach(function(t){o[e.name+"_"+t]=e.attribution[t]}),"INP"===e.name&&"GOOD"!==e.rating&&u(o,e),o.Load_event=d()})}var u=function(e,t){if(t.attribution.longAnimationFrameEntries.length){var n=t.attribution.longAnimationFrameEntries.sort(function(e,t){return t.blockingDuration-e.blockingDuration})[0];if(n.scripts.length){var i=n.scripts.toSorted(function(e,t){return t.duration-e.duration})[0];e[t.name+"_scriptUrl"]=i.sourceURL,e[t.name+"_invoker"]=i.invoker,e[t.name+"_invokerType"]=i.invokerType}}},d=function(){return Math.round(performance.getEntriesByType("navigation")[0].loadEventStart)},g=_once(function(){var t=Object.assign({},o,{version:e});slateAmplitude.track("web_vitals",t)});addEventListener("visibilitychange",function(){"hidden"===document.visibilityState&&g()}),addEventListener("pagehide",g)}module.exports.track=function(e){var t=e.dataset,n=t.version,i=t.webVitalsSampling,r=t.webVitalsUrl,a=function(e,t){slateGlobal.injectScript(r,function(){return cb(e,t)})};"true"!==new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("vitals_debug")?Math.random()>parseFloat(i)||a(n):a(n,!0)}; }, {"17":17,"94":94}]; window.modules["94"] = [function(require,module,exports){var before=require(716);function once(e){return before(2,e)}module.exports=once; }, {"716":716}]; window.modules["107"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.getSlotData=getSlotData,exports.saveSlotData=saveSlotData;var allSlotsData={};function saveSlotData(t){allSlotsData[t.id]=t}function getSlotData(t){return allSlotsData[t]} }, {}]; window.modules["108"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";module.exports.sizes={"mid-article-spot":{adserver:[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90],[455,256],[300,250],[300,251],[325,204],[620,366],[1,3]],bidding:[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90],[300,250],[325,204],[620,366]]},"mid-article-spot-xl":{adserver:[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90],[455,256],[300,250],[300,251],[325,204],[620,366]],bidding:[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90],[300,250],[325,204],[620,366]]},"mid-article-spot-tablet":{adserver:[[728,90],[300,250],[455,256],[300,251],[1,3],[325,204],[620,366]],bidding:[[728,90],[300,250],[325,204],[620,366]]},"mid-article-box":{adserver:[[300,250]],bidding:[[300,250]]},"mid-article-spot-mobile":{adserver:[[300,250],[300,251],[1,3],[325,508],[325,204]],bidding:[[300,250],[325,508],[325,204]]},"mobile-only-bottom":{adserver:[[300,250],[1,3]],bidding:[[300,250]]},leaderboard:{adserver:[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90],[1,3]],bidding:[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90]]},"leaderboard-tablet":{adserver:[[728,90],[1,3]],bidding:[[728,90]]},"leaderboard-mobile":{adserver:[[320,100],[320,50]],bidding:[[320,100],[320,50]]},"rr-flex":{adserver:[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]],bidding:[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]]},"hp-leaderboard-mid":{adserver:[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90],[1,3]],bidding:[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90]]},"hp-leaderboard-mid-tablet":{adserver:[[728,90],[1,3]],bidding:[[728,90]]},"hp-mob-mid":{adserver:[[300,250],[1,3]],bidding:[[300,250]]},"hp-leaderboard-bottom":{adserver:[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90],[1,3]],bidding:[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90]]},"hp-leaderboard-bottom-tablet":{adserver:[[728,90],[1,3]],bidding:[[728,90]]},"hp-mob-bottom":{adserver:[[300,250],[1,3]],bidding:[[300,250]]},"hp-native-main":{adserver:[[1,2]],bidding:[]},"hp-native-flex":{adserver:[[1,2],[300,250]],bidding:[[300,250]]},"hp-mob-top":{adserver:[[300,250],[1,3]],bidding:[[300,250]]},"rr-front-flex":{adserver:[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]],bidding:[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]]},"mobile-front":{adserver:[[300,250],[1,3]],bidding:[[300,250]]},"rr-podcast":{adserver:[[300,250]],bidding:[[300,250]]},"podcast-headline":{adserver:[[1,4]],bidding:[]},"rr-article-flex":{adserver:[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]],bidding:[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]]},"mob-adhesion":{adserver:[[320,50]],bidding:[[320,50]]}}; }, {}]; window.modules["109"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function getAdNode(){var e=document.querySelector("div[data-adnode]"),t="";return e&&(t=e.getAttribute("data-adnode")),t}Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.getAdNode=getAdNode; }, {}]; window.modules["110"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var getEmailHashFromMembership=function(){try{var e=getUserEmail();return Promise.resolve(e&&hash(e,"hex"))}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},_require=require(58),hash=_require.hash,_require2=require(5),getUserEmail=_require2.getUserEmail,EMAIL_HASH_PARAMS={sha256:"email",md5:"email2",sha1:"email3"};for(var type in EMAIL_HASH_PARAMS)localStorage.removeItem("email."+type);function getEmailHashesFromUrl(){var e=new URL(document.location).searchParams;return Object.values(EMAIL_HASH_PARAMS).map(function(r){return e.get(r)})}exports.getEmailHashes=function(){try{var e=getEmailHashesFromUrl();return Promise.resolve(getEmailHashFromMembership()).then(function(r){if(r){var t=Object.keys(EMAIL_HASH_PARAMS).indexOf("sha256");e[t]=r}return e.filter(function(e){return!!e})})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}}; }, {"5":5,"58":58}]; window.modules["111"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.displayForPlus=displayForPlus;var isMember=require(5).isMemberSkipLookup(),slotsToExclude=["mid-article-spot-mobile-2","mid-article-spot-mobile-4","mid-article-spot-tablet-2","mid-article-spot-tablet-4","mid-article-spot-2","mid-article-spot-4","mid-article-spot-xl-2","mid-article-spot-xl-4","mob-adhesion-1"];function displayForPlus(e){return!isMember||!slotsToExclude.includes(e.id)||(hideSlot(e),!1)}function hideSlot(e){document.querySelector("#"+e.id).parentElement.setAttribute("hidden","")}var isPlusPage=function(){var e=document.querySelector(".article");return!!e&&e.classList.contains("article--plus")};module.exports.isPlusPage=isPlusPage; }, {"5":5}]; window.modules["112"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.enableAdRefresh=enableAdRefresh;var _require=require(882),isElementInViewport=_require.isElementInViewport,_require2=require(883),isElementNotHidden=_require2.isElementNotHidden,_require3=require(107),getSlotData=_require3.getSlotData,headerBidding=require("headerbidding.legacy"),adSlotsWithRefresh={};function enableAdRefresh(){window.googletag.pubads().addEventListener("slotRenderEnded",function(e){var t=e.slot,r=t.getSlotElementId(),i=window.document.getElementById(r),n=t.getTargeting("hb_bidder"),d=getSize(e);d&&refreshEnabled(d,r,n)&&!adSlotsWithRefresh[r]&&(updateSlotTargeting(t),addRefreshToSlot(t,getSlotData(r),i),adSlotsWithRefresh[r]=!0)})}function addRefreshToSlot(e,t,r){var i=getRefreshInterval(t);setInterval(function(){adIsInView(r)&&headerBidding.init([t],!0)},i)}function getRefreshInterval(e){return"mob-adhesion-1"===e.id?45e3:3e4}function refreshEnabled(e,t,r){return"1x2"!==e&&"1x3"!==e&&"1x4"!==e&&"300x251"!==e&&!isStickyKargoAd(e,t,r)}function adIsInView(e){return!!window.document.hasFocus()&&(isElementInViewport(e)&&isElementNotHidden(e))}function isStickyKargoAd(e,t,r){return"mob-adhesion-1"===t&&"1x1"===e&&"kargo"===r[0]}function updateSlotTargeting(e){e.clearTargeting("hb_adid"),e.clearTargeting("hb_bidder"),e.clearTargeting("hb_pb"),e.clearTargeting("hb_size"),e.setTargeting("refresh","yes")}var getSize=function(e){return null!==e.size&&("string"==typeof e.size?e.size:e.size[0]+"x"+e.size[1])}; }, {"107":107,"882":882,"883":883,"headerbidding.legacy":"headerbidding.legacy"}]; window.modules["113"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _require=require(5),getUserEmail=_require.getUserEmail,_require2=require(58),hash=_require2.hash,hashedEmailIncluded=!1;module.exports.zoneIds={leaderboard:"1157134","leaderboard-tablet":"1157133","mid-article-spot-mobile":"1157131","hp-mob-mid":"1157131","hp-mob-top":"1157131","mobile-outstream-video-backfill":"1157131","mobile-only-bottom":"1157131","hp-mob-bottom":"1157131","recirc-mob":"1157131","mid-article-spot-tablet":"1157133","mid-article-spot":"1157134","mid-article-spot-xl":"1157134","outstream-video-backfill":"1157134","outstream-video-xl-backfill":"1157134","mid-article-box":"1157131","hp-native-flex":"1157131","rr-flex":"1157132","rr-article-flex":"1157132","recirc-flex-left":"1157132","recirc-flex-right":"1157132","mobile-front":"1157131","rr-podcast":"1157131","rr-front-flex":"1157132","hp-leaderboard-mid":"1157134","hp-leaderboard-mid-tablet":"1157133","hp-leaderboard-bottom":"1157134","hp-leaderboard-bottom-tablet":"1157133","mob-adhesion":"1362447"},module.exports.syncEmail=function(){try{var e=getUserEmail();return e?Promise.resolve(hash(e,"hex")).then(function(e){e&&(pbjs.que.push(function(){pbjs.setBidderConfig({bidders:["criteo"],config:{ortb2:{user:{ext:{data:{eids:[{source:"slate.com",uids:[{id:e,atype:3,ext:{stype:"hemsha256"}}]}]}}}}}})}),hashedEmailIncluded=!0)}):Promise.resolve()}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},module.exports.hashedEmailIncluded=hashedEmailIncluded; }, {"5":5,"58":58}]; window.modules["114"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _window$googletag,bqLog=require(74),criteo=require(113),EVENT_NAME="Ads Performance",SAMPLING=.05,eventProperties={};function sendRequest(){bqLog.track(EVENT_NAME,eventProperties),Math.random()<SAMPLING&&window.slateAmplitudeQueue.push(function(e){e.track(EVENT_NAME,eventProperties)})}function getIncrementalValue(e){var t,n=convertToCents(e[0].cpm);1===e.length?t=n:t=n-convertToCents(e[1].cpm);return convertToDollars(t)}function sortBids(e){return e.sort(function(e,t){return e.cpm<t.cpm?1:-1})}function convertToCents(e){return Math.round(100*e)}function convertToDollars(e){return e/100}function roundCpm(e){return Math.round(100*e)/100}function containsLiveRampId(){var e=!1;return pbjs.getUserIds().idl_env&&(e=!0),e}function permutiveSegmentsExist(){var e=window.localStorage.getItem("_pdfps");return null!==e&&e.length>0}module.exports.leaderboardRequest=function(e){eventProperties.timeToLeaderboardRequest=e},module.exports.firstRequest=function(e){eventProperties.timeToFirstAdRequest=e},module.exports.firstAdLoaded=function(e,t){eventProperties.timeToFirstAdLoad=e,eventProperties.campaignId=t,sendRequest()},module.exports.prebidWinner=function(e){var t=sortBids(e),n=t[0];bqLog.track("Prebid Winning Bid",{bidder:n.bidder,cpm:roundCpm(n.cpm),adUnit:n.adUnitCode,incrementalValue:getIncrementalValue(t),liveRampId:containsLiveRampId(),criteoEmail:criteo.hashedEmailIncluded,permutiveSegments:permutiveSegmentsExist()})},module.exports.noPrebidBids=function(e){bqLog.track("Prebid No Bids",{adUnit:e,liveRampId:containsLiveRampId()})};var firstAdLoaded=!1;null==(_window$googletag=window.googletag)||_window$googletag.cmd.push(function(){var e;null==(e=window.googletag)||e.pubads().addEventListener("slotResponseReceived",function(){firstAdLoaded||(bqLog.track("Page View with Ads"),firstAdLoaded=!0)})}); }, {"74":74,"113":113}]; window.modules["115"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.assignTestGroup=assignTestGroup,exports.getTestValue=getTestValue,exports.isBidderEnabled=isBidderEnabled,exports.testGroups=void 0;var tests={},testGroups=exports.testGroups={index:"index_disabled",appnexus:"xandr_disabled",rubicon:"rubicon_disabled",pubmatic:"pubmatic_disabled",openx:"openx_disabled",taboola:"taboola_disabled",criteo:"criteo_disabled",kargo:"kargo_disabled",control:"control"};function assignTestGroup(t){var e=Math.random();tests[t]=e<.1?testGroups.index:e<.2?testGroups.appnexus:e<.3?testGroups.rubicon:e<.4?testGroups.pubmatic:e<.5?testGroups.openx:e<.6?testGroups.taboola:e<.7?testGroups.criteo:e<.8?testGroups.kargo:testGroups.control}function isBidderEnabled(t,e){return tests[t]!==testGroups[e]}function getTestValue(t){return tests[t]} }, {}]; window.modules["116"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function slotSupportsOutstream(t){return["mid-article-spot","mid-article-spot-xl","mid-article-spot-tablet","mid-article-spot-mobile"].includes(t)}Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.slotSupportsOutstream=slotSupportsOutstream; }, {}]; window.modules["117"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.videoSize=exports.oustreamRubrics=exports.displaySizes=void 0;var videoSize=exports.videoSize=[[300,250]],displaySizes=exports.displaySizes={leaderboard:[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90]],"leaderboard-tablet":[[728,90]],"mid-article-spot-mobile":[[300,250]],"hp-mob-mid":[[300,250]],"hp-mob-top":[[300,250]],"mobile-outstream-video-backfill":[[300,250]],"mobile-only-bottom":[[300,250]],"hp-mob-bottom":[[300,250]],"recirc-mob":[[300,250]],"mid-article-spot-tablet":[[728,90],[300,250]],"mid-article-spot":[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90],[300,250]],"mid-article-spot-xl":[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90],[300,250]],"outstream-video-backfill":[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90],[300,250]],"outstream-video-xl-backfill":[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90],[300,250]],"mid-article-box":[[300,250]],"hp-native-flex":[[300,250]],"rr-flex":[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]],"rr-article-flex":[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]],"recirc-flex-left":[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]],"recirc-flex-right":[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]],"mobile-front":[[300,250]],"rr-podcast":[[300,250]],"rr-front-flex":[[300,250],[300,600],[160,600]],"hp-leaderboard-mid":[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90]],"hp-leaderboard-mid-tablet":[[728,90]],"hp-leaderboard-bottom":[[970,250],[970,90],[728,90]],"hp-leaderboard-bottom-tablet":[[728,90]],"mob-adhesion":[[320,50]]},oustreamRubrics=exports.oustreamRubrics=["culture/books","news_and_politics/jurisprudence","news_and_politics/the_slatest","human_interest/dear_prudence","business/the_media"]; }, {}]; window.modules["118"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.placementIds=void 0;var placementIds=exports.placementIds={"mob-adhesion":"_yB1S81ij3k",leaderboard:"_mn5P4mLiWZ","hp-leaderboard-mid":"_mn5P4mLiWZ","hp-leaderboard-bottom":"_mn5P4mLiWZ","leaderboard-tablet":"_vFXQXj3ivh","hp-leaderboard-mid-tablet":"_vFXQXj3ivh","hp-leaderboard-bottom-tablet":"_vFXQXj3ivh","mid-article-spot-mobile":"_uG77kNNswo","hp-mob-mid":"_uG77kNNswo","hp-mob-top":"_uG77kNNswo","mobile-outstream-video-backfill":"_uG77kNNswo","mobile-only-bottom":"_uG77kNNswo","hp-mob-bottom":"_uG77kNNswo","recirc-mob":"_uG77kNNswo","mobile-front":"_uG77kNNswo","mid-article-spot-tablet":"_phl6yqtyoC","mid-article-spot":"_phl6yqtyoC","mid-article-spot-xl":"_phl6yqtyoC","outstream-video-backfill":"_phl6yqtyoC","outstream-video-xl-backfill":"_phl6yqtyoC","mid-article-box":"_phl6yqtyoC","hp-native-flex":"_phl6yqtyoC","rr-podcast":"_phl6yqtyoC","rr-flex":"_g4BCn63GiZ","rr-article-flex":"_g4BCn63GiZ","recirc-flex-left":"_g4BCn63GiZ","recirc-flex-right":"_g4BCn63GiZ","rr-front-flex":"_g4BCn63GiZ"}; }, {}]; window.modules["119"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.adSlot=adSlot,exports.publisherId=void 0;var publisherId=exports.publisherId="161864";function adSlot(){var e;switch(window.location.href.split("/")[3]){case"news-and-politics":e="4456585";break;case"culture":e="4456584";break;case"technology":e="4456587";break;case"business":e="4456588";break;case"human-interest":e="4456586";break;case"":e="4456582";break;default:e="4456583"}return e} }, {}]; window.modules["120"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.inventoryCodes=void 0;var inventoryCodes=exports.inventoryCodes={leaderboard:"slate_d_leaderboard_pb","leaderboard-tablet":"slate_d_leaderboard_pb","mid-article-spot-mobile":"slate_m_infeedrec_pb","hp-mob-mid":"slate_m_infeedrec_pb","hp-mob-top":"slate_m_infeedrec_pb","mobile-outstream-video-backfill":"slate_m_infeedrec_pb","mobile-only-bottom":"slate_m_infeedrec_pb","hp-mob-bottom":"slate_m_infeedrec_pb","recirc-mob":"slate_m_infeedrec_pb","mob-adhesion":"slate_320x50_hdx_prebid","mid-article-spot-tablet":"slate_d_leaderboard_inline_pb","mid-article-spot":"slate_d_leaderboard_inline_pb","mid-article-spot-xl":"slate_d_leaderboard_inline_pb","outstream-video-backfill":"slate_d_leaderboard_inline_pb","outstream-video-xl-backfill":"slate_d_leaderboard_inline_pb","mid-article-box":"slate_dm_inline_rec_pb","hp-native-flex":"slate_dm_inline_rec_pb","rr-flex":"slate_d_rrail_largerec_pb","rr-article-flex":"slate_d_rrail_largerec_pb","recirc-flex-left":"slate_d_rrail_largerec_pb","recirc-flex-right":"slate_d_rrail_largerec_pb","mobile-front":"Slate_NonArticle_Mobile_Prebid","rr-podcast":"Slate_NonArticle_Mobile_Prebid","rr-front-flex":"Slate_NonArticle_Desktop_Prebid","hp-leaderboard-mid":"Slate_NonArticle_Desktop_Prebid","hp-leaderboard-mid-tablet":"Slate_NonArticle_Desktop_Prebid","hp-leaderboard-bottom":"Slate_NonArticle_Desktop_Prebid","hp-leaderboard-bottom-tablet":"Slate_NonArticle_Desktop_Prebid"}; }, {}]; window.modules["121"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.domain=void 0,exports.getUnit=getUnit;var domain=exports.domain="slate-d.openx.net";function getUnit(){var e;switch(window.location.href.split("/")[3]){case"news-and-politics":e="557570604";break;case"culture":e="557570603";break;case"technology":e="557570606";break;case"business":e="557570607";break;case"human-interest":e="557570605";break;case"":e="557570601";break;default:e="557570602"}return e} }, {}]; window.modules["122"] = [function(require,module,exports){!function(t,e){var i=function(t,e){"use strict";if(!e.getElementsByClassName)return;var i,n,a=e.documentElement,r=t.Date,s=t.HTMLPictureElement,o=t.addEventListener,l=t.setTimeout,d=t.requestAnimationFrame||l,c=t.requestIdleCallback,u=/^picture$/i,f=["load","error","lazyincluded","_lazyloaded"],m={},g=Array.prototype.forEach,z=function(t,e){return m[e]||(m[e]=new RegExp("(\\s|^)"+e+"(\\s|$)")),m[e].test(t.getAttribute("class")||"")&&m[e]},v=function(t,e){z(t,e)||t.setAttribute("class",(t.getAttribute("class")||"").trim()+" "+e)},y=function(t,e){var i;(i=z(t,e))&&t.setAttribute("class",(t.getAttribute("class")||"").replace(i," "))},h=function(t,e,i){var n=i?"addEventListener":"removeEventListener";i&&h(t,e),f.forEach(function(i){t[n](i,e)})},b=function(t,n,a,r,s){var o=e.createEvent("Event");return a||(a={}),a.instance=i,o.initEvent(n,!r,!s),o.detail=a,t.dispatchEvent(o),o},p=function(e,i){var a;!s&&(a=t.picturefill||n.pf)?(i&&i.src&&!e.getAttribute("srcset")&&e.setAttribute("srcset",i.src),a({reevaluate:!0,elements:[e]})):i&&i.src&&(e.src=i.src)},A=function(t,e){return(getComputedStyle(t,null)||{})[e]},C=function(t,e,i){for(i=i||t.offsetWidth;i<n.minSize&&e&&!t._lazysizesWidth;)i=e.offsetWidth,e=e.parentNode;return i},E=(L=[],x=[],W=L,T=function(){var t=W;for(W=L.length?x:L,M=!0,N=!1;t.length;)t.shift()();M=!1},B=function(t,i){M&&!i?t.apply(this,arguments):(W.push(t),N||(N=!0,(e.hidden?l:d)(T)))},B._lsFlush=T,B),_=function(t,e){return e?function(){E(t)}:function(){var e=this,i=arguments;E(function(){t.apply(e,i)})}},w=function(t){var e,i,n=function(){e=null,t()},a=function(){var t=r.now()-i;t<99?l(a,99-t):(c||n)(n)};return function(){i=r.now(),e||(e=l(a,99))}};var M,N,L,x,W,T,B;!function(){var e,i={lazyClass:"lazyload",loadedClass:"lazyloaded",loadingClass:"lazyloading",preloadClass:"lazypreload",errorClass:"lazyerror",autosizesClass:"lazyautosizes",srcAttr:"data-src",srcsetAttr:"data-srcset",sizesAttr:"data-sizes",minSize:40,customMedia:{},init:!0,expFactor:1.5,hFac:.8,loadMode:2,loadHidden:!0,ricTimeout:0,throttleDelay:125};for(e in n=t.lazySizesConfig||t.lazysizesConfig||{},i)e in n||(n[e]=i[e]);t.lazySizesConfig=n,l(function(){n.init&&R()})}();var F=function(){var s,d,f,m,C,M,N,L,x,W,T,B,F,R,k,D,H,O,P,$=/^img$/i,I=/^iframe$/i,q="onscroll"in t&&!/(gle|ing)bot/.test(navigator.userAgent),j=0,G=0,J=-1,K=function(t){G--,(!t||G<0||!t.target)&&(G=0)},Q=function(t){return null==B&&(B="hidden"==A(e.body,"visibility")),B||"hidden"!=A(t.parentNode,"visibility")&&"hidden"!=A(t,"visibility")},U=function(t,i){var n,r=t,s=Q(t);for(L-=i,T+=i,x-=i,W+=i;s&&(r=r.offsetParent)&&r!=e.body&&r!=a;)(s=(A(r,"opacity")||1)>0)&&"visible"!=A(r,"overflow")&&(n=r.getBoundingClientRect(),s=W>n.left&&x<n.right&&T>n.top-1&&L<n.bottom+1);return s},V=function(){var t,r,o,l,c,u,f,g,z,v,y,h,b=i.elements;if((m=n.loadMode)&&G<8&&(t=b.length)){for(r=0,J++,v=!n.expand||n.expand<1?a.clientHeight>500&&a.clientWidth>500?500:370:n.expand,i._defEx=v,y=v*n.expFactor,h=n.hFac,B=null,j<y&&G<1&&J>2&&m>2&&!e.hidden?(j=y,J=0):j=m>1&&J>1&&G<6?v:0;r<t;r++)if(b[r]&&!b[r]._lazyRace)if(q)if((g=b[r].getAttribute("data-expand"))&&(u=1*g)||(u=j),z!==u&&(M=innerWidth+u*h,N=innerHeight+u,f=-1*u,z=u),o=b[r].getBoundingClientRect(),(T=o.bottom)>=f&&(L=o.top)<=N&&(W=o.right)>=f*h&&(x=o.left)<=M&&(T||W||x||L)&&(n.loadHidden||Q(b[r]))&&(d&&G<3&&!g&&(m<3||J<4)||U(b[r],u))){if(nt(b[r]),c=!0,G>9)break}else!c&&d&&!l&&G<4&&J<4&&m>2&&(s[0]||n.preloadAfterLoad)&&(s[0]||!g&&(T||W||x||L||"auto"!=b[r].getAttribute(n.sizesAttr)))&&(l=s[0]||b[r]);else nt(b[r]);l&&!c&&nt(l)}},X=(F=V,k=0,D=n.throttleDelay,H=n.ricTimeout,O=function(){R=!1,k=r.now(),F()},P=c&&H>49?function(){c(O,{timeout:H}),H!==n.ricTimeout&&(H=n.ricTimeout)}:_(function(){l(O)},!0),function(t){var e;(t=!0===t)&&(H=33),R||(R=!0,(e=D-(r.now()-k))<0&&(e=0),t||e<9?P():l(P,e))}),Y=function(t){var e=t.target;e._lazyCache?delete e._lazyCache:(K(t),v(e,n.loadedClass),y(e,n.loadingClass),h(e,tt),b(e,"lazyloaded"))},Z=_(Y),tt=function(t){Z({target:t.target})},et=function(t){var e,i=t.getAttribute(n.srcsetAttr);(e=n.customMedia[t.getAttribute("data-media")||t.getAttribute("media")])&&t.setAttribute("media",e),i&&t.setAttribute("srcset",i)},it=_(function(t,e,i,a,r){var s,o,d,c,m,z;(m=b(t,"lazybeforeunveil",e)).defaultPrevented||(a&&(i?v(t,n.autosizesClass):t.setAttribute("sizes",a)),o=t.getAttribute(n.srcsetAttr),s=t.getAttribute(n.srcAttr),r&&(d=t.parentNode,c=d&&u.test(d.nodeName||"")),z=e.firesLoad||"src"in t&&(o||s||c),m={target:t},v(t,n.loadingClass),z&&(clearTimeout(f),f=l(K,2500),h(t,tt,!0)),c&&g.call(d.getElementsByTagName("source"),et),o?t.setAttribute("srcset",o):s&&!c&&(I.test(t.nodeName)?function(t,e){try{t.contentWindow.location.replace(e)}catch(i){t.src=e}}(t,s):t.src=s),r&&(o||c)&&p(t,{src:s})),t._lazyRace&&delete t._lazyRace,y(t,n.lazyClass),E(function(){var e=t.complete&&t.naturalWidth>1;z&&!e||(e&&v(t,"ls-is-cached"),Y(m),t._lazyCache=!0,l(function(){"_lazyCache"in t&&delete t._lazyCache},9))},!0)}),nt=function(t){var e,i=$.test(t.nodeName),a=i&&(t.getAttribute(n.sizesAttr)||t.getAttribute("sizes")),r="auto"==a;(!r&&d||!i||!t.getAttribute("src")&&!t.srcset||t.complete||z(t,n.errorClass)||!z(t,n.lazyClass))&&(e=b(t,"lazyunveilread").detail,r&&S.updateElem(t,!0,t.offsetWidth),t._lazyRace=!0,G++,it(t,e,r,a,i))},at=function(){if(!d)if(r.now()-C<999)l(at,999);else{var t=w(function(){n.loadMode=3,X()});d=!0,n.loadMode=3,X(),o("scroll",function(){3==n.loadMode&&(n.loadMode=2),t()},!0)}};return{_:function(){C=r.now(),i.elements=e.getElementsByClassName(n.lazyClass),s=e.getElementsByClassName(n.lazyClass+" "+n.preloadClass),o("scroll",X,!0),o("resize",X,!0),t.MutationObserver?new MutationObserver(X).observe(a,{childList:!0,subtree:!0,attributes:!0}):(a.addEventListener("DOMNodeInserted",X,!0),a.addEventListener("DOMAttrModified",X,!0),setInterval(X,999)),o("hashchange",X,!0),["focus","mouseover","click","load","transitionend","animationend","webkitAnimationEnd"].forEach(function(t){e.addEventListener(t,X,!0)}),/d$|^c/.test(e.readyState)?at():(o("load",at),e.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",X),l(at,2e4)),i.elements.length?(V(),E._lsFlush()):X()},checkElems:X,unveil:nt}}(),S=(D=_(function(t,e,i,n){var a,r,s;if(t._lazysizesWidth=n,n+="px",t.setAttribute("sizes",n),u.test(e.nodeName||""))for(a=e.getElementsByTagName("source"),r=0,s=a.length;r<s;r++)a[r].setAttribute("sizes",n);i.detail.dataAttr||p(t,i.detail)}),H=function(t,e,i){var n,a=t.parentNode;a&&(i=C(t,a,i),(n=b(t,"lazybeforesizes",{width:i,dataAttr:!!e})).defaultPrevented||(i=n.detail.width)&&i!==t._lazysizesWidth&&D(t,a,n,i))},O=w(function(){var t,e=k.length;if(e)for(t=0;t<e;t++)H(k[t])}),{_:function(){k=e.getElementsByClassName(n.autosizesClass),o("resize",O)},checkElems:O,updateElem:H}),R=function(){R.i||(R.i=!0,S._(),F._())};var k,D,H,O;return i={cfg:n,autoSizer:S,loader:F,init:R,uP:p,aC:v,rC:y,hC:z,fire:b,gW:C,rAF:E}}(t,t.document);t.lazySizes=i,"object"==typeof module&&module.exports&&(module.exports=i)}(window); }, {}]; window.modules["541"] = [function(require,module,exports){var freeGlobal=require(700),freeSelf="object"==typeof self&&self&&self.Object===Object&&self,root=freeGlobal||freeSelf||Function("return this")();module.exports=root; }, {"700":700}]; window.modules["573"] = [function(require,module,exports){var root=require(541),Symbol=root.Symbol;module.exports=Symbol; }, {"541":541}]; window.modules["598"] = [function(require,module,exports){function isObject(t){var e=typeof t;return null!=t&&("object"==e||"function"==e)}module.exports=isObject; }, {}]; window.modules["614"] = [function(require,module,exports){var Symbol=require(573),getRawTag=require(616),objectToString=require(615),nullTag="[object Null]",undefinedTag="[object Undefined]",symToStringTag=Symbol?Symbol.toStringTag:void 0;function baseGetTag(e){return null==e?void 0===e?undefinedTag:nullTag:symToStringTag&&symToStringTag in Object(e)?getRawTag(e):objectToString(e)}module.exports=baseGetTag; }, {"573":573,"615":615,"616":616}]; window.modules["615"] = [function(require,module,exports){var objectProto=Object.prototype,nativeObjectToString=objectProto.toString;function objectToString(t){return nativeObjectToString.call(t)}module.exports=objectToString; }, {}]; window.modules["616"] = [function(require,module,exports){var Symbol=require(573),objectProto=Object.prototype,hasOwnProperty=objectProto.hasOwnProperty,nativeObjectToString=objectProto.toString,symToStringTag=Symbol?Symbol.toStringTag:void 0;function getRawTag(t){var o=hasOwnProperty.call(t,symToStringTag),r=t[symToStringTag];try{t[symToStringTag]=void 0;var a=!0}catch(t){}var e=nativeObjectToString.call(t);return a&&(o?t[symToStringTag]=r:delete t[symToStringTag]),e}module.exports=getRawTag; }, {"573":573}]; window.modules["623"] = [function(require,module,exports){function isObjectLike(e){return null!=e&&"object"==typeof e}module.exports=isObjectLike; }, {}]; window.modules["673"] = [function(require,module,exports){var baseGetTag=require(614),isObjectLike=require(623),symbolTag="[object Symbol]";function isSymbol(e){return"symbol"==typeof e||isObjectLike(e)&&baseGetTag(e)==symbolTag}module.exports=isSymbol; }, {"614":614,"623":623}]; window.modules["674"] = [function(require,module,exports){var trimmedEndIndex=require(675),reTrimStart=/^\s+/;function baseTrim(e){return e?e.slice(0,trimmedEndIndex(e)+1).replace(reTrimStart,""):e}module.exports=baseTrim; }, {"675":675}]; window.modules["675"] = [function(require,module,exports){var reWhitespace=/\s/;function trimmedEndIndex(e){for(var r=e.length;r--&&reWhitespace.test(e.charAt(r)););return r}module.exports=trimmedEndIndex; }, {}]; window.modules["700"] = [function(require,module,exports){(function (global){(function (){ var freeGlobal="object"==typeof global&&global&&global.Object===Object&&global;module.exports=freeGlobal; }).call(this)}).call(this,typeof global !== "undefined" ? global : typeof self !== "undefined" ? self : typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : {})}, {}]; window.modules["716"] = [function(require,module,exports){var toInteger=require(717),FUNC_ERROR_TEXT="Expected a function";function before(e,r){var t;if("function"!=typeof r)throw new TypeError(FUNC_ERROR_TEXT);return e=toInteger(e),function(){return--e>0&&(t=r.apply(this,arguments)),e<=1&&(r=void 0),t}}module.exports=before; }, {"717":717}]; window.modules["717"] = [function(require,module,exports){var toFinite=require(735);function toInteger(t){var e=toFinite(t),r=e%1;return e==e?r?e-r:e:0}module.exports=toInteger; }, {"735":735}]; window.modules["718"] = [function(require,module,exports){var root=require(541),now=function(){return root.Date.now()};module.exports=now; }, {"541":541}]; window.modules["719"] = [function(require,module,exports){var baseTrim=require(674),isObject=require(598),isSymbol=require(673),NAN=NaN,reIsBadHex=/^[-+]0x[0-9a-f]+$/i,reIsBinary=/^0b[01]+$/i,reIsOctal=/^0o[0-7]+$/i,freeParseInt=parseInt;function toNumber(e){if("number"==typeof e)return e;if(isSymbol(e))return NAN;if(isObject(e)){var r="function"==typeof e.valueOf?e.valueOf():e;e=isObject(r)?r+"":r}if("string"!=typeof e)return 0===e?e:+e;e=baseTrim(e);var t=reIsBinary.test(e);return t||reIsOctal.test(e)?freeParseInt(e.slice(2),t?2:8):reIsBadHex.test(e)?NAN:+e}module.exports=toNumber; }, {"598":598,"673":673,"674":674}]; window.modules["735"] = [function(require,module,exports){var toNumber=require(719),INFINITY=1/0,MAX_INTEGER=1.7976931348623157e308;function toFinite(e){return e?(e=toNumber(e))===INFINITY||e===-INFINITY?(e<0?-1:1)*MAX_INTEGER:e==e?e:0:0===e?e:0}module.exports=toFinite; }, {"719":719}]; window.modules["882"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function isElementInViewport(e){var t=e.getBoundingClientRect();return t.top>=0&&t.left>=0&&t.bottom<=(window.innerHeight||document.documentElement.clientHeight)&&t.right<=(window.innerWidth||document.documentElement.clientWidth)}Object.defineProperty(exports,"__esModule",{value:!0}),exports.isElementInViewport=isElementInViewport; }, {}]; window.modules["883"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function isElementNotHidden(e){return e&&null!==e.offsetParent&&!e.getAttribute("hidden")&&"none"!==getComputedStyle(e).display&&"hidden"!==getComputedStyle(e).visibility}module.exports.isElementNotHidden=isElementNotHidden; }, {}]; window.modules["885"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function _catch(t,e){try{var n=t()}catch(t){return e(t)}return n&&n.then?n.then(void 0,e):n}function _settle(t,e,n){if(!t.s){if(n instanceof _Pact){if(!n.s)return void(n.o=_settle.bind(null,t,e));1&e&&(e=n.s),n=n.v}if(n&&n.then)return void n.then(_settle.bind(null,t,e),_settle.bind(null,t,2));t.s=e,t.v=n;var r=t.o;r&&r(t)}}var _Pact=function(){function t(){}return t.prototype.then=function(e,n){var r=new t,i=this.s;if(i){var o=1&i?e:n;if(o){try{_settle(r,1,o(this.v))}catch(t){_settle(r,2,t)}return r}return this}return this.o=function(t){try{var i=t.v;1&t.s?_settle(r,1,e?e(i):i):n?_settle(r,1,n(i)):_settle(r,2,i)}catch(t){_settle(r,2,t)}},r},t}();function _isSettledPact(t){return t instanceof _Pact&&1&t.s}function _for(t,e,n){for(var r;;){var i=t();if(_isSettledPact(i)&&(i=i.v),!i)return o;if(i.then){r=0;break}var o=n();if(o&&o.then){if(!_isSettledPact(o)){r=1;break}o=o.s}if(e){var s=e();if(s&&s.then&&!_isSettledPact(s)){r=2;break}}}var u=new _Pact,c=_settle.bind(null,u,2);return(0===r?i.then(a):1===r?o.then(h):s.then(f)).then(void 0,c),u;function h(r){o=r;do{if(e&&(s=e())&&s.then&&!_isSettledPact(s))return void s.then(f).then(void 0,c);if(!(i=t())||_isSettledPact(i)&&!i.v)return void _settle(u,1,o);if(i.then)return void i.then(a).then(void 0,c);_isSettledPact(o=n())&&(o=o.v)}while(!o||!o.then);o.then(h).then(void 0,c)}function a(t){t?(o=n())&&o.then?o.then(h).then(void 0,c):h(o):_settle(u,1,o)}function f(){(i=t())?i.then?i.then(a).then(void 0,c):a(i):_settle(u,1,o)}}function checkStatus(t){if(t.status>=200&&t.status<300)return t;var e=new Error(t.statusText);throw e.response=t,e}module.exports.get=function(t,e){return fetch(t,e).then(checkStatus).then(function(t){var e=t.headers.get("content-type");return e.includes("json")?t.json():e.includes("text")?t.text():(console.warn("unable to guess stream reader for response"),t)})},module.exports.retry=function(t,e,n,r){void 0===n&&(n=5),void 0===r&&(r=1e3);try{var i=!1;return Promise.resolve(_for(function(){return!i&&1},void 0,function(){return _catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(t.apply(void 0,e)).then(function(t){return i=!0,t})},function(t){if(!--n)throw t;return Promise.resolve(new Promise(function(t){return setTimeout(t,r)})).then(function(){})})}))}catch(t){return Promise.reject(t)}}; }, {}]; window.modules["analytics-js-loader.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var initCriteo=require(3),initParsely=require(4);module.exports=function(e){void 0===e.dataset.disableClientJs&&(!function(e,t){var n=e.amplitude||{_q:[],_iq:{}};if(n.invoked)e.console&&console.error&&console.error("Amplitude snippet has been loaded.");else{var i=function(e,t){e.prototype[t]=function(){return this._q.push({name:t,args:Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,0)}),this}},r=function(e,t,n){return function(i){e._q.push({name:t,args:Array.prototype.slice.call(n,0),resolve:i})}},o=function(e,t,n){e[t]=function(){if(n)return{promise:new Promise(r(e,t,Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments)))};!function(e,t,n){e._q.push({name:t,args:Array.prototype.slice.call(n,0)})}(e,t,Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments))}},a=function(e){for(var t=0;t<f.length;t++)o(e,f[t],!1);for(var n=0;n<m.length;n++)o(e,m[n],!0)};n.invoked=!0;var s=t.createElement("script");s.type="text/javascript",s.integrity="sha384-Dv01ylQWH3OMRpOnXgNXTEJypJSg/Si512H2KxfFik12c676LxjHoC1W2pF8xyR5",s.crossOrigin="anonymous",s.async=!0,s.src="https://cdn.amplitude.com/libs/analytics-browser-2.6.0-min.js.gz",s.onload=function(){e.amplitude.runQueuedFunctions||console.log("[Amplitude] Error: could not load SDK")};var d=t.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];d.parentNode.insertBefore(s,d);for(var u=function(){return this._q=[],this},c=["add","append","clearAll","prepend","set","setOnce","unset","preInsert","postInsert","remove","getUserProperties"],l=0;l<c.length;l++)i(u,c[l]);n.Identify=u;for(var p=function(){return this._q=[],this},g=["getEventProperties","setProductId","setQuantity","setPrice","setRevenue","setRevenueType","setEventProperties"],w=0;w<g.length;w++)i(p,g[w]);n.Revenue=p;var f=["getDeviceId","setDeviceId","getSessionId","setSessionId","getUserId","setUserId","setOptOut","setTransport","reset","extendSession"],m=["init","add","remove","track","logEvent","identify","groupIdentify","setGroup","revenue","flush"];a(n),n.createInstance=function(e){return n._iq[e]={_q:[]},a(n._iq[e]),n._iq[e]},e.amplitude=n}}(window,document),window.nonIabVendorApi.registerVendor("amplitude",{categories:["C0002"],initFunc:function(t){var n,i=e.dataset.amplitudeApiKey;try{n=window.amplitude.Types.LogLevel[e.dataset.amplitudeLogLevel]}catch(t){n={0:"None",1:"Error",2:"Warn",3:"Verbose",4:"Debug",None:0,Error:1,Warn:2,Verbose:3,Debug:4}[e.dataset.amplitudeLogLevel]}var r={logLevel:n,domain:e.dataset.amplitudeDomain,defaultTracking:{pageViews:!1}};return window.amplitude.init(i,null,r).promise.then(function(){window.slateAmplitudeQueue.init(window.amplitude,t)}),!0},updateConsentFunc:function(e){window.slateAmplitudeQueue.push(function(t){t.setOptOut(!e)})}}),initParsely(e.dataset.parselyScriptSrc),window.nonIabVendorApi.registerVendor("fbPixel",{categories:["C0002","C0003","C0004"],initFunc:function(e){return window.fbq("consent",e?"grant":"revoke"),window.fbq("set","autoConfig",!1,"166975463695820"),window.fbq("dataProcessingOptions",["LDU"]),window.fbq("init","166975463695820"),window.fbq("track","PageView"),!0},updateConsentFunc:function(e){window.fbq("consent",e?"grant":"revoke")}}),window.nonIabVendorApi.registerVendor("google-tag-manager-marketing",{categories:["C0002","C0004","gad"],initFunc:function(e){if(!e)return!1;var t=document.createElement("script");t.src="//www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=AW-794295919";var n=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];function i(){window.dataLayer.push(arguments)}return n.parentNode.insertBefore(t,n),window.dataLayer=window.dataLayer||[],i("js",new Date),i("config","AW-794295919",{allow_enhanced_conversions:!0}),window.gtag=i,!0},updateConsentFunc:function(e){e?window.gtag||window.nonIabVendorApi.vendors["google-tag-manager-marketing"].initFunc(e):window.gtag=void 0}}),initCriteo())}; }, {"3":3,"4":4}]; window.modules["global-footer.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var onboarding=require(40);module.exports=function(i){onboarding.init()}; }, {"40":40}]; window.modules["piano-mount.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _debounce=require(59),_require=require(48),allowedOrigins=_require.allowedOrigins;function eventAllowed(e){return-1!==allowedOrigins.indexOf(e.origin)&&e.data.slate}function waitForPiano(e){e.classList.add("piano-mount--loading");var n=function(e){eventAllowed(e)&&i()},i=_debounce(function(){e.classList.remove("piano-mount--loading","piano-mount--error"),window.removeEventListener("message",n),clearTimeout(o)},200);window.addEventListener("message",n);var o=setTimeout(function(){e.classList.remove("piano-mount--loading"),e.classList.add("piano-mount--error")},3e4)}module.exports=function(e){waitForPiano(e)}; }, {"48":48,"59":59}]; window.modules["masthead.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var menu,membership=require(5),dropdown=require(47),initializeThemePicker=require(49),_require=require(48),allowedOrigins=_require.allowedOrigins;function toggleMenu(e){(menu=menu||e.target.closest(".menu")).classList.toggle("menu--open"),document.documentElement.classList.toggle("menu-open",menu.classList.contains("menu--open"))}function addRedirectParam(e){var r=new URL(location.href).searchParams.get("redirect_uri"),t=new URL(e.currentTarget.href),n=r||location.href;t.searchParams.set("redirect_uri",n),e.currentTarget.href=t.toString()}function injectPianoVariables(e,r){var t,n=r.desktopMastheadText,i=r.desktopMastheadUrl,a=r.mobileMastheadText,o=r.mobileMastheadUrl,s=r.iconUrl;(t=e.querySelector(".js-account--subscribe"))&&(t.hidden=!1),(t=e.querySelector("[data-piano-href='desktopMastheadUrl']"))&&(t.href=i),(t=e.querySelector("[data-piano-href='mobileMastheadUrl']"))&&(t.href=o),(t=e.querySelector("[data-piano-html='desktopMastheadText']"))&&t.insertAdjacentHTML("beforeend","<span>"+n+"</span>"),(t=e.querySelector("[data-piano-icon-href='iconUrl']"))&&t.setAttribute("href",s),(t=e.querySelector("[data-piano-html='mobileMastheadText']"))&&(t.textContent=a)}function getVisibleSelectors(){return{signedOut:["mobile-subscribe","sign-in"],signedIn:["mobile-subscribe","account","sign-out"]}[membership.isLoggedIn()?"signedIn":"signedOut"]}function eventAllowed(e){return-1!==allowedOrigins.indexOf(e.origin)&&e.data.slate}module.exports=function(e){for(var r=getVisibleSelectors(),t=0;t<r.length;t++){var n=".js-account--"+r[t];document.querySelectorAll(n).forEach(function(e){return e.hidden=!1})}e.querySelectorAll(".js-toggle-menu").forEach(function(e){e.addEventListener("click",toggleMenu)}),e.querySelectorAll(".js-redirect-return").forEach(function(e){e.addEventListener("click",addRedirectParam)}),dropdown(e),initializeThemePicker(e);window.addEventListener("pianoResponseVariables",function r(t){var n=t.detail.responseVariables;n.masthead&&(injectPianoVariables(e,n),window.removeEventListener("pianoResponseVariables",r))}),window.addEventListener("message",function(e){if(eventAllowed(e)&&"redirect"===e.data.type){var r=e.data.path,t=document.location.href,n=new URL(r,window.location.origin);n.searchParams.append("redirect_uri",t),window.location.href=n}})}; }, {"5":5,"47":47,"48":48,"49":49}]; window.modules["slate-analytics-js.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function _catch(e,t){try{var i=e()}catch(e){return t(e)}return i&&i.then?i.then(void 0,t):i}var logUserProperties=function(e){try{var t={};return setABUserProp(t),Promise.resolve(setMemberStatusUserProp(t)).then(function(){setUserLoginId(t),setAndroidAppUserProp(t);var i=new e.Identify;for(var r in t)i.set(r,t[r]);return e.identify(i)})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},setMemberStatusUserProp=function(e){return Promise.resolve(getUserMembershipType()).then(function(t){t&&(e.plan=t)})},logPageView=function(e,t){try{var i=slateAmplitude.getDomEventData(t),r=new URLSearchParams(location.search),o=via.retrieve();return o&&r.set("via",o),i.search="?"+r.toString(),i.amplitude_id=e.getDeviceId()?e.getDeviceId():"no options - no deviceId",i.farejumper=castAsAmplitudeBool(supportJournalism.hasParams()),i.viewportWidth=document.documentElement.clientWidth,i.layoutBreakpoint=getLayoutBreakpoint(i.viewportWidth),i.colorScheme=localStorage.getItem("theme"),i.androidApp=castAsAmplitudeBool(isAndroidSession()),Promise.resolve(getUserMembershipType()).then(function(e){i.plan=e,loginId&&(i.signed_in_uuid=loginId),i.chumbox_loaded=castAsAmplitudeBool(isChumBoxLoaded()),i.taboola_eligible=castAsAmplitudeBool(isTaboolaEligible()),i.visitstart=castAsAmplitudeBool(isVisitStart());var t=getVisitCounts();return i.Nth_visit=t.totalVisits,i.Nth_monthly_visit=t.monthlyVisits,Promise.resolve(adblockDetection.getValue()).then(function(t){var r=t[0],o=t[1];i.adBlocker="boolean"==typeof r?castAsAmplitudeBool(r):"UNKNOWN",i.adBlockerDelay=o,getAffiliateLinks().length>0&&(i["Affiliate Link"]="✅"),findComponent("product")&&(i["Product Component"]="✅");var n=findComponent("newsletter-signup");i["Includes Newsletter Signup"]=castAsAmplitudeBool(n),n&&(i["Newsletter Signup Placement"]="In Content");var s=findComponent("slate-plus-button");if(s){var a=s.querySelector(".slate-plus-button__basic");a&&(i["Slate Plus Button Component"]=a.innerText)}var l=!e&&findComponent("slate-roadblock");i["Includes Slate Plus Roadblock"]=castAsAmplitudeBool(l),findComponent("header-promo")&&(i["Includes Header Promo"]="TRUE"),i.referrer=document.referrer;var u=promolineTesting.retrieveExperimentalPromoline();u&&(i.experimental_promoline=u),slateAmplitude.page(i)})})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},getUserMembershipType=function(){try{var e,t=function(){if(e){var t=membership.getMembershipType(),i=_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(getExtendedUserData("MyAccountFields")).then(function(e){getCustomFieldValue(e,"is_staff")&&(t+="|staff")})},function(){console.error("Error getting extended User data")});return i&&i.then?i.then(function(){return t}):t}},i=_catch(function(){return Promise.resolve(membership.isMember()).then(function(t){e=t})},function(){console.error("Failure to get isMember")});return Promise.resolve(i&&i.then?i.then(t):t())}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},_once=require(94),_throttle=require(91),Cookies=require(38),via=require(88),_require=require(87),isVisitStart=_require.isVisitStart,_require2=require(92),getVisitCounts=_require2.getVisitCounts,slateAmplitude=require(17),slatePermutive=require(80),_require3=require(89),isAndroidSession=_require3.isAndroidSession,_require4=require(55),getExtendedUserData=_require4.getExtendedUserData,getCustomFieldValue=_require4.getCustomFieldValue,membership=require(5),adblockDetection=require(68),promolineTesting=require(81),_require5=require(90),isValidAbTestString=_require5.isValidAbTestString,supportJournalism=require(75),webVitals=require(93),loginId=membership.getLoginId();function castAsAmplitudeBool(e){return e?"TRUE":"FALSE"}function isTaboolaLoaded(){return isTaboolaEligible()&&void 0!==window._taboola.registered}function isTaboolaEligible(){return void 0!==window._taboola}var getAffiliateLinks=_once(function(){for(var e=[],t=document.body.querySelectorAll('a[href*="amazon"]'),i=0;i<t.length;i++){var r=t[i];-1===new URL(r.href).host.indexOf("amazon")||r.matches(".product a")||e.push(r)}return e});function isChumBoxLoaded(){return isTaboolaLoaded()||!!document.querySelector(".outbrain-widget")}function trackAffiliateLinks(){getAffiliateLinks().forEach(function(e){e.addEventListener("click",function(e){slateAmplitude.track("Click - Affiliate Link")})})}function findComponent(e){var t=document.body.querySelector("."+e);if(t){var i=t.dataset.uri;if(i&&i.split("/")[2]===e)return t}}function getLayoutBreakpoint(e){for(var t=[["sm",320],["md",768],["lg",1024],["xl",1440]],i=t.length;i--;)if(e>=t[i][1])return t[i][0];return t[0][0]}function setUserLoginId(e){loginId&&(e.signed_in_uuid=loginId)}function setABUserProp(e){var t=Cookies.get("AB");e.abTest=isValidAbTestString(t)?t:"0"}function setAndroidAppUserProp(e){var t=isAndroidSession();t&&(e.androidUser=t)}function trackEndOfArticle(){var e=document.querySelector(".slate-paragraph--tombstone");if(e){var t=_once(function(){slateAmplitude.track("Completed article"),slatePermutive.track("ArticleCompletion"),document.removeEventListener("scroll",i)}),i=_throttle(function(){var i,r="scrollY"in window?window.scrollY:window.pageYOffset;!("none"===(null==(i=getComputedStyle(null==e?void 0:e.parentElement))?void 0:i.display))&&e.offsetTop+e.offsetHeight<=r+window.innerHeight&&t()},300);document.addEventListener("scroll",i)}}module.exports=function(e){window.slateAmplitudeQueue.push(function(t){trackAffiliateLinks(),trackEndOfArticle(),webVitals.track(e),logPageView(t,e),logUserProperties(t),via.setPageType(e.dataset.pagetype)})}; }, {"5":5,"17":17,"38":38,"55":55,"68":68,"75":75,"80":80,"81":81,"87":87,"88":88,"89":89,"90":90,"91":91,"92":92,"93":93,"94":94}]; window.modules["permutive.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _require=require(55),getPianoId=_require.getPianoId,_require2=require(58),hash=_require2.hash,membership=require(5);module.exports=function(e){var t=function(t){try{if(!t)throw new Error("Consent not provided for permutive");permutive.consent({opt_in:t,token:r}),permutive.addon("web",window.slatePermutiveData);var n={Slate_Plus_All_Access:"All Access",Slate_Plus_Audio:"Audio",Slate_Plus_Digital:"Digital",Big_Mood_Plus:"Audio"};return Promise.resolve(membership.isMember()).then(function(t){if(t){for(var r,u=membership.getSplusCookie(),a=Object.keys(n),o=u.resourceIds||[],s=0;s<o.length;s++){var c=o[s];if(a.includes(c)){r=n[c];break}}r&&i("slatePlusSubscriptionType",r)}var m=document.createElement("script");m.src="//cdn.permutive.com/"+e.dataset.permutiveProjectId+"-web.js",m.defer=!0;var d=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];return d.parentNode.insertBefore(m,d),!0})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},r="slate-token";function i(e,t){window.slatePermutiveData.page.user||(window.slatePermutiveData.page.user={}),window.slatePermutiveData.page.user[e]=t}window.nonIabVendorApi.registerVendor("permutive",{categories:["C0002","C0003","C0004"],initFunc:function(r){if(!r)return!1;function n(e){var t=document.cookie.match("(^|[^;]+)\\s*"+e+"\\s*=\\s*([^;]+)");return t?t.pop():""}try{var u=new URL(document.location).searchParams;u.get("utm_source")&&(window.slatePermutiveData.page.utmSource=u.get("utm_source")),u.get("utm_medium")&&(window.slatePermutiveData.page.utmMedium=u.get("utm_medium")),u.get("utm_campaign")&&(window.slatePermutiveData.page.utmCampaign=u.get("utm_campaign"))}catch(e){console.error(e)}if(e.dataset.isSplusUser)try{i("slatePlus",!0)}catch(e){console.error(e)}var a=[];function o(e,t){t&&(a.push({tag:e,id:t}),i(e,t))}o("slateId",getPianoId()||n("wapo_login_id")),o("publisherUserId",n("slate-uuid")),o("sailthruId",function(e){try{return new URL(document.location).searchParams.get(e)}catch(t){console.error("could not get "+e+" url param",t)}}("sid"));var s=membership.getUserEmail();return s?hash(s,"hex").then(function(e){e&&(a.push({tag:"email_sha256",id:e}),a.length>0&&window.permutive.identify(a),t(r))}):(a.length>0&&window.permutive.identify(a),t(r)),!0},updateConsentFunc:function(e){if(permutive)try{JSON.parse(localStorage["permutive-consent"]).opt_in!=e&&permutive.consent({opt_in:e,token:r})}catch(t){permutive.consent({opt_in:e,token:r})}}}),permutive.ready(function(){window.slateAmplitudeQueue.push(function(){var e=[];permutive.context&&e.push({tag:"puid",id:permutive.context.user_id});try{var t=window.amplitude.getDeviceId();t&&e.push({tag:"amplitudeId",id:t})}catch(e){console.error("Error setting amplitudeId",e)}e.length>0&&permutive.identify(e)})})}; }, {"5":5,"55":55,"58":58}]; window.modules["piano.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var slateAmplitude=require(17),universalPianoService=require(48),adblockDetection=require(68),membership=require(5),loginSuccessHandler=require(67),afterCheckout=require(64),afterCheckoutClose=require(66),afterPianoInit=require(69),checkoutStateChangeHandler=require(63),showOffer=require(62),experienceExecute=require(61),newsletterSignup=require(65),setResponseVariable=require(60),script=document.createElement("script");function loadPianoExperience(e){slateGlobal.injectScript(e.url+"/api/tinypass.min.js",void 0,function(e){console.warn("piano 💩 🛏",e)})}function initPianoExperience(e){window.tp||(window.tp=[]);var t=window.tp;try{var n=slateAmplitude.getDomEventData();for(var i in n=universalPianoService.formatArticleData(n),t.push(["setContentCreated",n.content_created]),t.push(["setContentAuthor",n.content_author]),t.push(["setContentSection",n.content_section]),t.push(["setTags",n.tags]),n.custom_variables)t.push(["setCustomVariable",i,n.custom_variables[i]])}catch(e){console.warn("failed to set article metadata for piano",e)}t.push(["setAid",e.aid]),t.push(["setEndpoint",e.endpoint]),t.push(["setComposerHost",e.url]),t.push(["setPianoIdUrl",e.idUrl]),t.push(["setUsePianoIdUserProvider",!0]),t.push(["setUseTinypassAccounts",!1]),e.cxenseSiteId&&t.push(["setCxenseSiteId",e.cxenseSiteId]),t.push(["init",afterPianoInit]),t.push(["addHandler","loginSuccess",loginSuccessHandler]),t.push(["addHandler","checkoutStateChange",checkoutStateChangeHandler]),t.push(["addHandler","checkoutComplete",afterCheckout]),t.push(["addHandler","checkoutClose",afterCheckoutClose]),t.push(["addHandler","showOffer",showOffer]),t.push(["addHandler","experienceExecute",experienceExecute]),t.push(["addHandler","customEvent",newsletterSignup]),t.push(["addHandler","setResponseVariable",setResponseVariable])}function is404(){var e=document.querySelector("link[rel=canonical]");return!!e&&"/404"===new URL(e.href).pathname}script.src="/piano/scripts/resize.js",document.head.appendChild(script),module.exports=function(e){if(!is404()){membership.isMemberSkipLookup()||adblockDetection.enable();var t=JSON.parse(e.dataset.config);initPianoExperience(t),loadPianoExperience(t)}}; }, {"5":5,"17":17,"48":48,"60":60,"61":61,"62":62,"63":63,"64":64,"65":65,"66":66,"67":67,"68":68,"69":69}]; window.modules["webapp-serviceworker.client"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var slateAmplitude=require(17);module.exports=function(e){navigator.serviceWorker?(window.addEventListener("load",function(){navigator.serviceWorker.register("/sw.js").then(function(e){},function(e){console.error("ServiceWorker registration failed: ",e)})}),window.addEventListener("beforeinstallprompt",function(e){e.userChoice.then(function(e){"dismissed"===e.outcome?slateAmplitude.track("PWA - dismissed install prompt"):slateAmplitude.track("PWA - Added to Home Screen")})})):console.debug("Service worker not supported")}; }, {"17":17}]; window.modules["ads.legacy"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var _window$googletag,loadAts=function(){try{var e=membership.getUserEmail();return Promise.resolve(getEmailHashes()).then(function(t){var i=document.createElement("script");i.onload=function(){e&&window.ats.setAdditionalData({type:"email",id:e}),t.length>0&&window.ats.setAdditionalData({type:"emailHashes",id:t})},i.src="https://ats-wrapper.privacymanager.io/ats-modules/f6ed6589-5170-40c6-98bc-a4a49ff26fa8/ats.js",document.body.appendChild(i)})}catch(e){return Promise.reject(e)}},metrics=require(114),refresh=require(112),membership=require(5),criteo=require(113),isMember=membership.isMemberSkipLookup(),_require=require(109),getAdNode=_require.getAdNode,_require2=require(110),getEmailHashes=_require2.getEmailHashes,_require3=require(108),sizes=_require3.sizes,_require4=require(107),saveSlotData=_require4.saveSlotData,_require5=require(111),isPlusPage=_require5.isPlusPage,adIndex={},testParam=getTestParam(),pageId=getPageId(),firstRequest=!0;function getTestParam(){var e=/[?&]test_ads=([^&#?]+)/.exec(window.location.search);return e?e[1]:""}function requestAd(e){e.defineSlot(),googletag.pubads().refresh([e.gptSlot],{changeCorrelator:!1})}function createAd(e){var t=e.getAttribute("data-type"),i=e.getAttribute("data-zone-id"),a=e.getAttribute("data-placement-id"),r=e.getAttribute("data-criteo-id"),s=e.getAttribute("data-site-id"),o=parseInt(e.getAttribute("data-ll-threshold"));return adIndex[t]||(adIndex[t]=1),e.id=t+"-"+adIndex[t],adIndex[t]++,{id:e.id,type:t,adUnit:getAdUnit(),gpid:getAdNode()+"/"+e.id,dfpSizes:sizes[t].adserver,prebidSizes:sizes[t].bidding,rubiconZoneId:i,appnexusPlacementId:a,criteoZoneId:r,indexSiteId:s,threshold:o,gptSlot:null,defineSlot:function(){this.gptSlot=window.googletag.defineSlot(this.adUnit,this.dfpSizes,this.id),saveSlotData(this),this.gptSlot.addService(window.googletag.pubads()),this.gptSlot.setTargeting("refresh","no"),this.gptSlot.setTargeting("pos",this.id),this.gptSlot.setTargeting("threshold",this.threshold);return["mid-article-spot","mid-article-spot-tablet","mid-article-spot-mobile","mid-article-spot-xl","outstream-video","mobile-outstream-video","outstream-video-xl"].includes(this.type)?this.gptSlot.setTargeting("outstream_eligible","true"):this.gptSlot.setTargeting("outstream_eligible","false"),window.googletag.display(this.id),this.gptSlot}}}function getAdUnit(){return"91898098/slate.com/"+getAdNode()}function getPageId(){return window.document.documentElement.getAttribute("data-uri").split("/")[2].replace("@published","")}loadAts(),criteo.syncEmail(),null==(_window$googletag=window.googletag)||_window$googletag.cmd.push(function(){var e=document.querySelector(".js-analytics-js-data").getAttribute("data-pagetype").replace(" ","-");window.googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(),window.googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest(),window.googletag.enableServices();var t=Math.floor(1e13*Math.random()),i=document.querySelectorAll('meta[name="dfp-cache-buster"]')[0];i&&i.content&&(t=i.content),window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting("dfp_cache_buster",t).setTargeting("page_id",pageId).setTargeting("page_type",e).setTargeting("plus_page",isPlusPage().toString());document.cookie.match(/usprivacy=\d+[YN]Y/)&&window.googletag.pubads().setRequestNonPersonalizedAds(1),testParam&&window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting("kw","test_"+testParam);var a=document.cookie.match(/AB=(\d+_\d+)/);a&&a.length>1&&window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting("ab_var",a[1]);var r=document.querySelector(".article__right-rail"),s=window.innerWidth>=1440;r&&s?window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting("article_right_rail","true"):window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting("article_right_rail","false"),window.googletag.pubads().addEventListener("slotOnload",function(e){if(firstRequest){var t=Math.round(performance.now()),i=e.slot.getResponseInformation();metrics.firstAdLoaded(t,i.campaignId),firstRequest=!1}}),isMember&&window.googletag.pubads().setTargeting("segs","plus"),refresh.enableAdRefresh()}),module.exports.createAd=createAd,module.exports.requestAd=requestAd; }, {"5":5,"107":107,"108":108,"109":109,"110":110,"111":111,"112":112,"113":113,"114":114}]; window.modules["headerbidding.legacy"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";var adData,triplelift=require(120),amazon=require(117),pubmatic=require(119),kargo=require(118),criteo=require(113),openx=require(121),metrics=require(114),prebidTest=require(115),_require=require(109),getAdNode=_require.getAdNode,_require2=require(116),slotSupportsOutstream=_require2.slotSupportsOutstream,HARD_TIMEOUT=2500;function init(e,i){(adData=e).isRefreshing=i,adData.biddersManager={adserverRequestSent:!1,prebid:!1,amazon:!1},window.slateCMP.TCF.ready.then(function(e){requestBidsFromExchanges()}),setTimeout(function(){googletag.cmd.push(function(){defineGptSlot(adData),callAdServer(adData)})},HARD_TIMEOUT)}function requestBidsFromExchanges(){getBidsFromPrebidExchanges(),getBidsFromAmazon()}function getBidsFromPrebidExchanges(){var e=[],i=[];adData.forEach(function(t){e.push(createPrebidAdUnit(t)),i.push(t.id)}),pbjs.que.push(function(){pbjs.addAdUnits(e);var t=adData;pbjs.requestBids({adUnitCodes:i,bidsBackHandler:function(){googletag.cmd.push(function(){pbjs.que.push(function(){t.forEach(function(e){var i=pbjs.getBidResponsesForAdUnitCode(e.id).bids;i.length?metrics.prebidWinner(i):metrics.noPrebidBids(e.id)}),defineGptSlot(t),t.forEach(function(e){e.gptSlot.setTargeting("hb_test",prebidTest.getTestValue(e.id))}),pbjs.setTargetingForGPTAsync(e.map(function(e){return e.code})),t.forEach(function(e){return pbjs.removeAdUnit(e.id)}),t.biddersManager.prebid=!0,bidderFinished(t)})})}})})}function getBidsFromAmazon(){var e=document.querySelector("#amazon-aps"),i=[];adData.forEach(function(e){return i.push(createApsAdUnit(e))});var t=adData;apstag&&apstag.fetchBids({slots:i,timeout:e.bidderTimeout},function(e){googletag.cmd.push(function(){defineGptSlot(t),apstag.setDisplayBids(),t.biddersManager.amazon=!0,bidderFinished(t)})})}function bidderFinished(e){e.biddersManager.amazon&&e.biddersManager.prebid&&callAdServer(e)}function callAdServer(e){if(!e.biddersManager.adserverRequestSent){e.biddersManager.adserverRequestSent=!0;var i=[];e.forEach(function(e){return i.push(e.gptSlot)}),googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().refresh(i,{changeCorrelator:!1})})}}function defineGptSlot(e){e.forEach(function(e){e.gptSlot||e.defineSlot()})}function createPrebidAdUnit(e){var i={sizes:e.prebidSizes};return{code:e.id,ortb2Imp:{ext:{gpid:e.gpid,data:{pbadslot:e.gpid}}},mediaTypes:{banner:i},bids:getBidders(e)}}function getBidders(e){var i=[];if(prebidTest.assignTestGroup(e.id),prebidTest.isBidderEnabled(e.id,"appnexus")&&i.push(appnexus(e)),prebidTest.isBidderEnabled(e.id,"rubicon")&&i.push(rubicon(e)),prebidTest.isBidderEnabled(e.id,"openx")&&i.push(openxBidder()),prebidTest.isBidderEnabled(e.id,"pubmatic")&&i.push(pubmaticBidder()),prebidTest.isBidderEnabled(e.id,"index"))for(var t=0;t<e.prebidSizes.length;t++){var r=index(e.prebidSizes[t],e);i.push(r)}(prebidTest.isBidderEnabled(e.id,"taboola")&&i.push(taboola(e)),triplelift.inventoryCodes[e.type]&&i.push(tripleliftBidder(e)),isConcertAdAllowed(e.type)&&i.push(concert(e)),kargo.placementIds[e.type]&&prebidTest.isBidderEnabled(e.id,"kargo"))&&("mob-adhesion"===e.type&&adData.isRefreshing||i.push(kargoBidder(e)));return criteo.zoneIds[e.type]&&prebidTest.isBidderEnabled(e.id,"criteo")&&i.push(criteoBidder()),i.push(ttd(e)),isTeadsAllowed(e.type)&&i.push(teads()),i}function createApsAdUnit(e){var i={};"mob-adhesion"===e.type&&(i.ggProduct="inScreen");var t={slotID:e.id,slotName:e.adUnit};return amazon.oustreamRubrics.includes(getAdNode())&&slotSupportsOutstream(e.type)?(t.mediaType="multi-format",t.multiFormatProperties={display:{sizes:amazon.displaySizes[e.type]},video:{sizes:amazon.videoSize}}):(t.sizes=amazon.displaySizes[e.type],t.slotParams=i),t}function appnexus(e){return{bidder:"appnexusAst",params:{placementId:e.appnexusPlacementId}}}function rubicon(e){return{bidder:"rubicon",params:{accountId:"13590",siteId:"60302",zoneId:e.rubiconZoneId}}}function criteoBidder(){return{bidder:"criteo",params:{networkId:"7462"}}}function index(e,i){return{bidder:"ix",params:{siteId:i.indexSiteId,size:e}}}function kargoBidder(e){return{bidder:"kargo",params:{placementId:kargo.placementIds[e.type]}}}function tripleliftBidder(e){return{bidder:"triplelift",params:{inventoryCode:triplelift.inventoryCodes[e.type]}}}function concert(e){return{bidder:"concert",params:{partnerId:"slate",site:"slate.com",placementId:e.id,slot:e.type}}}function pubmaticBidder(){return{bidder:"pubmatic",params:{publisherId:pubmatic.publisherId,adSlot:pubmatic.adSlot()}}}function openxBidder(){return{bidder:"openx",params:{delDomain:openx.domain,unit:openx.getUnit()}}}function ttd(){return{bidder:"ttd",params:{supplySourceId:"slate",publisherId:"1"}}}function teads(){return{bidder:"teads",params:{pageId:"166966",placementId:"181798"}}}function taboola(e){return{bidder:"taboola",params:{tagId:e.id,publisherId:"1719911"}}}function isConcertAdAllowed(e){return"mid-article-spot"===e||"mid-article-spot-xl"===e||"mid-article-spot-tablet"===e||"mid-article-spot-mobile"===e}function isTeadsAllowed(e){return"mid-article-spot"===e||"mid-article-spot-xl"===e||"mid-article-spot-tablet"===e||"mid-article-spot-mobile"===e}module.exports.init=init; }, {"109":109,"113":113,"114":114,"115":115,"116":116,"117":117,"118":118,"119":119,"120":120,"121":121}]; window.modules["lazyload.legacy"] = [function(require,module,exports){"use strict";function lazyloadSvgUseTags(e,t){for(var r=0;r<e.length;r++){var n=e[r];n.isIntersecting&&(n.target.querySelectorAll("use[data-href]").forEach(function(e){e.setAttribute("href",e.getAttribute("data-href")),e.removeAttribute("data-href")}),t.unobserve(n.target),0==--count&&t.disconnect())}}require(122),require(29);var svgio=new IntersectionObserver(lazyloadSvgUseTags,{rootMargin:"100% 0px 100% 0px"}),count=0;document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){document.querySelectorAll("svg[loading=lazy]").forEach(function(e){svgio.observe(e),count++})}); }, {"29":29,"122":122}]; require=(function e(t,n,r){function s(o,u){if(!n[o]){if(!t[o]){var a=typeof require=="function"&&require;if(!u&&a)return a(o,!0);if(i)return i(o,!0);var f=new Error("Cannot find module '"+o+"'");throw f.code="MODULE_NOT_FOUND",f}var l=n[o]={exports:{}};t[o][0].call(l.exports,function(e){var n=t[o][1][e];return s(n?n:e)},l,l.exports,e,t,n,r)}return n[o].exports}var i=typeof require=="function"&&require;for(var o=0;o<r.length;o++)s(r[o]);return s})(window.modules,{},[]); /* eslint-env browser */ 'use strict'; /** * mount legacy services from _global.js, if any */ function _createForOfIteratorHelper(r, e) { var t = "undefined" != typeof Symbol && r[Symbol.iterator] || r["@@iterator"]; if (!t) { if (Array.isArray(r) || (t = _unsupportedIterableToArray(r)) || e && r && "number" == typeof r.length) { t && (r = t); var _n = 0, F = function F() {}; return { s: F, n: function n() { return _n >= r.length ? { done: !0 } : { done: !1, value: r[_n++] }; }, e: function e(r) { throw r; }, f: F }; } throw new TypeError("Invalid attempt to iterate non-iterable instance.\nIn order to be iterable, non-array objects must have a [Symbol.iterator]() method."); } var o, a = !0, u = !1; return { s: function s() { t = t.call(r); }, n: function n() { var r = t.next(); return a = r.done, r; }, e: function e(r) { u = !0, o = r; }, f: function f() { try { a || null == t.return || t.return(); } finally { if (u) throw o; } } }; } function _unsupportedIterableToArray(r, a) { if (r) { if ("string" == typeof r) return _arrayLikeToArray(r, a); var t = {}.toString.call(r).slice(8, -1); return "Object" === t && r.constructor && (t = r.constructor.name), "Map" === t || "Set" === t ? Array.from(r) : "Arguments" === t || /^(?:Ui|I)nt(?:8|16|32)(?:Clamped)?Array$/.test(t) ? _arrayLikeToArray(r, a) : void 0; } } function _arrayLikeToArray(r, a) { (null == a || a > r.length) && (a = r.length); for (var e = 0, n = Array(a); e < a; e++) n[e] = r[e]; return n; } function mountLegacyServices() { Object.keys(window.modules).filter(function (key) { return typeof key === 'string' && key.match(/\.legacy$/); }).forEach(function (key) { return window.require(key); }); } function tryToMount(fn, el, name) { try { fn(el); // init the controller } catch (e) { var elementTag = el.outerHTML.slice(0, el.outerHTML.indexOf(el.innerHTML)); console.error("Error initializing controller for \"".concat(name, "\" on \"").concat(elementTag, "\""), e); } } /** * mount client.js component controllers */ function mountComponentModules() { Object.keys(window.modules).filter(function (key) { return typeof key === 'string' && key.match(/\.client$/); }).forEach(function (key) { var controllerFn = window.require(key); if (typeof controllerFn === 'function') { var name = key.replace('.client', ''), instancesSelector = "[data-uri*=\"_components/".concat(name, "/\"]"), defaultSelector = "[data-uri$=\"_components".concat(name, "\"]"), instances = document.querySelectorAll(instancesSelector), defaults = document.querySelectorAll(defaultSelector); var _iterator = _createForOfIteratorHelper(instances), _step; try { for (_iterator.s(); !(_step = _iterator.n()).done;) { var el = _step.value; tryToMount(controllerFn, el, name); } } catch (err) { _iterator.e(err); } finally { _iterator.f(); } var _iterator2 = _createForOfIteratorHelper(defaults), _step2; try { for (_iterator2.s(); !(_step2 = _iterator2.n()).done;) { var _el = _step2.value; tryToMount(controllerFn, _el, name); } } catch (err) { _iterator2.e(err); } finally { _iterator2.f(); } } }); } // Make sure that a `window.process.env.NODE_ENV` is available in the client for any dependencies, // services, or components that could require it // note: the `` value is swapped for the actual environment variable in /lib/cmd/compile/scripts.js window.process = window.process || {}; window.process.env = window.process.env || {}; if (!window.process.env.NODE_ENV) { window.process.env.NODE_ENV = ''; } // note: legacy controllers that require legacy services (e.g. dollar-slice) must // wait for DOMContentLoaded to initialize themselves, as the files themselves must be mounted first mountLegacyServices(); mountComponentModules(); // ]] </script></body> </html>