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</li> <li id="toc-Growth_in_the_1990s_and_early_2000s" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Growth_in_the_1990s_and_early_2000s"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Growth in the 1990s and early 2000s </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Growth_in_the_1990s_and_early_2000s-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Key_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Key_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Key events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Key_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-SEC_investigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SEC_investigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.1 SEC investigation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SEC_investigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Michael_Dell_resumes_CEO_role" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Michael_Dell_resumes_CEO_role"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.2 Michael Dell resumes CEO role </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Michael_Dell_resumes_CEO_role-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dell_2.0_and_downsizing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dell_2.0_and_downsizing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Dell 2.0 and downsizing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dell_2.0_and_downsizing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Attempts_at_diversification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Attempts_at_diversification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Attempts at diversification </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Attempts_at_diversification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2013_buyout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013_buyout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 2013 buyout </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013_buyout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recent_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recent_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 Recent history </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recent_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Acquisition_of_EMC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquisition_of_EMC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7.1 Acquisition of EMC </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acquisition_of_EMC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dell_and_AMD" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dell_and_AMD"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 Dell and AMD </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dell_and_AMD-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dell_and_desktop_Linux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dell_and_desktop_Linux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9 Dell and desktop Linux </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dell_and_desktop_Linux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Corporate_affairs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Corporate_affairs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Corporate affairs </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Corporate_affairs-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Corporate affairs subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Corporate_affairs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Business_trends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Business_trends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Business trends </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Business_trends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senior_leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senior_leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Senior leadership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Senior_leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-List_of_chairmen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_chairmen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 List of chairmen </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_chairmen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_chief_executives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_chief_executives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.2 List of chief executives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_chief_executives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_Dell_marketing_slogans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Dell_marketing_slogans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 List of Dell marketing slogans </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_Dell_marketing_slogans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acquisitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acquisitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Acquisitions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Acquisitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dell_facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dell_facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Dell facilities </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Dell_facilities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Dell facilities subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Dell_facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Manufacturing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manufacturing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Manufacturing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manufacturing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Products" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Products"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Products </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Products-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Products subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Products-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Scope_and_brands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scope_and_brands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Scope and brands </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scope_and_brands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Security </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Security-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Security subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Self-signed_root_certificate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Self-signed_root_certificate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Self-signed root certificate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Self-signed_root_certificate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dell_Foundation_Services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dell_Foundation_Services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Dell Foundation Services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dell_Foundation_Services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commercial_aspects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commercial_aspects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Commercial aspects </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Commercial_aspects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Commercial aspects subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Commercial_aspects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Organization </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marketing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marketing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Marketing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dell_partner_program" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dell_partner_program"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2.1 Dell partner program </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dell_partner_program-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_analytics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_analytics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2.2 Global analytics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_analytics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticisms_of_marketing_of_laptop_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticisms_of_marketing_of_laptop_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2.3 Criticisms of marketing of laptop security </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticisms_of_marketing_of_laptop_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Retail </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3.1 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kiosks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kiosks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3.1.1 Kiosks </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kiosks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retail_stores" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retail_stores"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3.2 Retail stores </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retail_stores-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Competition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Competition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.4 Competition </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Competition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partnership_with_EMC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partnership_with_EMC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.5 Partnership with EMC </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partnership_with_EMC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental_record" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental_record"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Environmental record </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Environmental_record-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Environmental record subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Environmental_record-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Green_initiatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Green_initiatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Green initiatives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Green_initiatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Criticism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Criticism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Criticism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Criticism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Dell</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 74 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" > 74 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84" title="ديل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ديل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%84_(%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA)" title="دل (شیرکت) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دل (شیرکت)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A1%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="ডেল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ডেল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Дел – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell_Technologies" title="Dell Technologies – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Dell Technologies" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%84_(%D8%B4%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%AA)" title="دل (شرکت) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دل (شرکت)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8D%B8" title="델 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="델" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="डेल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="डेल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%9C" title="דל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D" title="ಡೆಲ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಡೆಲ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell_(societas_mercatoria)" title="Dell (societas mercatoria) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Dell (societas mercatoria)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="डेल – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="डेल" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD" title="ഡെൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഡെൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2_(%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80)" title="डेल (कंपनी) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="डेल (कंपनी)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2" title="डेल – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="डेल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%83%AB" title="デル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2" title="ਡੈੱਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡੈੱਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D9%84" title="ڈل – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈل" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%89%DB%90%D9%84" title="ډېل – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ډېل" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell,_Inc." title="Dell, Inc. – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Dell, Inc." data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A" title="ඩෙල් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඩෙල්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8E%DA%B5" title="کۆمپانیای دێڵ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆمپانیای دێڵ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="டெல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="டெல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%8C" title="เดลล์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เดลล์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/DELL_%D8%B4%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89" title="DELL شىركىتى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="DELL شىركىتى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dell" title="Dell – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dell" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E5%B0%94" title="戴尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="戴尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%88%BE" title="戴爾 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="戴爾" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%88%BE" title="戴爾 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="戴爾" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Dell Inc." redirects here. For its parent company, see <a href="/wiki/Dell_Technologies" title="Dell Technologies">Dell Technologies</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Dell_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Dell (disambiguation)">Dell (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Dell Inc.</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Dell_logo_2016.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Dell_logo_2016.svg/140px-Dell_logo_2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Dell_logo_2016.svg/210px-Dell_logo_2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Dell_logo_2016.svg/280px-Dell_logo_2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="72" data-file-height="72" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Logo since 2016</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:RR1-_Dell_Campus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/RR1-_Dell_Campus.jpg/250px-RR1-_Dell_Campus.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/RR1-_Dell_Campus.jpg/375px-RR1-_Dell_Campus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/RR1-_Dell_Campus.jpg/500px-RR1-_Dell_Campus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Headquarters in Round Rock, Texas</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>PC's Limited (1984–1987)</li><li>Dell Computer Corporation (1987–2003)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiary</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a>: DELL</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">Personal computers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">Computer software</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">May 3, 1984; 40 years ago (1984-05-03) in <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dell" title="Michael Dell">Michael Dell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Round_Rock,_Texas" title="Round Rock, Texas">Round Rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">US<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Worldwide</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dell" title="Michael Dell">Michael Dell</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">chairman</a> & <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>)</li><li>Jeff Clarke (<a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">vice chair</a> & <a href="/wiki/Chief_operating_officer" title="Chief operating officer">COO</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal computers">Personal computers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">Servers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Peripheral" title="Peripheral">Peripheral</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>88.4 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$5.21 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$3.21 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$82.1 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Negative increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/11px-Increase_Negative.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/17px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Increase_Negative.svg/22px-Increase_Negative.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> US$–2.3 billion (2024)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 120,000<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dell_Technologies" title="Dell Technologies">Dell Technologies</a> (2016–present)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dell.com/">dell.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Dell Inc. is an American <a href="/wiki/Technology_company" title="Technology company">technology company</a> that develops, sells, repairs, and supports <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computers</a> (PCs), <a href="/wiki/Server_(computing)" title="Server (computing)">servers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Data_storage" title="Data storage">data storage</a> devices, <a href="/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">network switches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">software</a>, computer <a href="/wiki/Peripheral" title="Peripheral">peripherals</a> including printers and <a href="/wiki/Webcam" title="Webcam">webcams</a> among other products and services. Dell is based in <a href="/wiki/Round_Rock,_Texas" title="Round Rock, Texas">Round Rock, Texas</a>. Founded by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Dell" title="Michael Dell">Michael Dell</a> in 1984, Dell started making <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" title="IBM PC compatible">clone</a> computers and pioneered selling cut-price PCs directly to customers,<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> managing its <a href="/wiki/Supply_chain_management" title="Supply chain management">supply chain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electronic_commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic commerce">electronic commerce</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bw1103-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-statesman-5">[5]</a> The company rose rapidly during the 1990s<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> and in 2001 it became the largest global PC vendor for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Dell was a pure hardware vendor until 2009 when it acquired <a href="/wiki/Perot_Systems" title="Perot Systems">Perot Systems</a>. Dell then entered the market for IT services. The company has expanded storage and networking systems. In the late 2000s, it began expanding from offering computers only to delivering a range of technology for enterprise customers.<a href="#cite_note-reut-8">[8]</a> Dell is a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Dell_Technologies" title="Dell Technologies">Dell Technologies</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Public_company" title="Public company">publicly traded company</a>, as well as a component of the <a href="/wiki/NASDAQ-100" class="mw-redirect" title="NASDAQ-100">NASDAQ-100</a> and <a href="/wiki/S%26P_500" title="S&P 500">S&P 500</a>. Dell is ranked 31st on the Fortune 500 list in 2022,<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> up from 76th in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> It is also the sixth-largest company in Texas by total revenue, according to Fortune magazine. It is the second-largest non-oil company in Texas.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> As of 2024,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit">[update]</a> it is the <a href="/wiki/Market_share_of_personal_computer_vendors" title="Market share of personal computer vendors">world's third-largest personal computer vendor</a> by unit sales, after <a href="/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a> and <a href="/wiki/HP_Inc." title="HP Inc.">HP</a>.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> In 2015, Dell acquired the enterprise technology firm <a href="/wiki/EMC_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="EMC Corporation">EMC Corporation</a>, together becoming divisions of Dell Technologies. Dell EMC sells data storage, information security, <a href="/wiki/Virtualization" title="Virtualization">virtualization</a>, analytics, and <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud computing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Dell_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Michael_Dell_2010.jpg/220px-Michael_Dell_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Michael_Dell_2010.jpg/330px-Michael_Dell_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Michael_Dell_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="453" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dell" title="Michael Dell">Michael Dell</a> (founder)</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Dell_1984.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Dell's first logo from 1987 to 1992" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Dell_1984.svg/150px-Dell_1984.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Dell_1984.svg/225px-Dell_1984.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Dell_1984.svg/300px-Dell_1984.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="164" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Dell's first logo from 1987 to 1992</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Dell_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Dell's former logo, used from 1992 to 2018" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Dell_logo.svg/150px-Dell_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Dell_logo.svg/225px-Dell_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Dell_logo.svg/300px-Dell_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="127" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Dell's former logo, used from 1992 to 2018</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:152px;max-width:152px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Dell_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Dell's logo, used before the acquisition of EMC, used from 2010 to 2018" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dell_Logo.svg/150px-Dell_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dell_Logo.svg/225px-Dell_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Dell_Logo.svg/300px-Dell_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption">Dell's logo used before the acquisition of EMC, used from 2010 to 2018</div></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Founding_and_start-up">Founding and start-up</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Founding and start-up">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PC%27s_Limited_Turbo_PC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/PC%27s_Limited_Turbo_PC.jpg/242px-PC%27s_Limited_Turbo_PC.jpg" decoding="async" width="242" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/PC%27s_Limited_Turbo_PC.jpg/363px-PC%27s_Limited_Turbo_PC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/PC%27s_Limited_Turbo_PC.jpg/484px-PC%27s_Limited_Turbo_PC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4464" data-file-height="3352" /></a><figcaption>The first PC model, manufactured by Dell (known as PC's Limited at the time), the Turbo PC.</figcaption></figure> Michael Dell founded Dell Computer Corporation, doing business as PC's Limited in 1984 while a student at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">University of Texas at Austin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> operating from Michael Dell's off-campus dormitory room at <a href="/wiki/Dobie_Center" title="Dobie Center">Dobie Center</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The start-up aimed to sell <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC_compatible" title="IBM PC compatible">IBM PC compatible</a> computers built from stock components. Michael Dell started trading in the belief that, by selling personal computer systems directly to customers, PC's Limited could better understand customers' needs and provide the most effective computing services to meet those needs.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> Dell dropped out of college upon completion of his freshman year at the University of Texas in order to focus full-time on his fledgling business, after getting about $1,000 in expansion-capital from his family.<a href="#cite_note-delltimeline-18">[18]</a> As of April 2021, Dell's net worth was estimated to be over $50 billion (equivalent to $55,470,000,000 in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> In 1985, PC's Limited launched its first computer, the "Turbo PC," priced at US$795 (equivalent to $1,913 in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> The Turbo PC featured an Intel 8088-compatible processor with a maximum speed of 8 MHz.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> PC's Limited marketed these systems through national computer magazines, selling directly to consumers while custom-assembling each unit based on a range of options. This approach allowed them to offer competitive prices compared to retail brands, coupled with the convenience of pre-assembled units, making them one of the early success stories of this business model. The company grossed over $73 million in its first year of operation. The company dropped the PC's Limited name in 1987 to become Dell Computer Corporation and began expanding globally. The reasoning was that this new company name better reflected its presence in the business market, and also resolved issues with the use of "Limited" in a company name in certain countries.<a href="#cite_note-ferrell198708-22">[22]</a> The company set up its first international operations in Britain; 11 more followed within the next four years. In June 1988, Dell Computer's market capitalization grew by $30 million to $80 million (equivalent to $177,850,000 in 2023) from its June 22 initial public offering of 3.5 million shares at $8.50 a share.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> In 1989, Dell Computer set up its first on-site service programs in order to compensate for the lack of local retailers prepared to act as service centers. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Growth_in_the_1990s_and_early_2000s">Growth in the 1990s and early 2000s</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Growth in the 1990s and early 2000s">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dell_Latitude_CPx.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Dell_Latitude_CPx.jpg/220px-Dell_Latitude_CPx.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Dell_Latitude_CPx.jpg/330px-Dell_Latitude_CPx.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Dell_Latitude_CPx.jpg/440px-Dell_Latitude_CPx.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Dell Latitude CPx laptop</figcaption></figure> In 1990, Dell Computer tried selling its products indirectly through warehouse clubs and computer superstores, but met with little success, and the company re-focused on its more successful direct-to-consumer sales model. In 1992, <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a> included Dell Computer Corporation in its list of the world's <a href="/wiki/Fortune_Global_500" title="Fortune Global 500">500</a> largest companies, making Michael Dell the youngest CEO of a Fortune 500 company at that time. In 1993, to complement its own direct sales channel, Dell planned to sell PCs at big-box retail outlets such as <a href="/wiki/Wal-Mart" class="mw-redirect" title="Wal-Mart">Wal-Mart</a>, which would have brought in an additional $125 million (equivalent to $238,100,000 in 2023) in annual revenue. <a href="/wiki/Bain_Capital" title="Bain Capital">Bain</a> consultant <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Rollins" title="Kevin Rollins">Kevin Rollins</a> persuaded Michael Dell to pull out of these deals, believing they would be money losers in the long run.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Margins at retail were thin at best and Dell left the reseller channel in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-mhhe.com-25">[25]</a> Rollins would soon join Dell full-time and eventually become the company president and CEO. Originally, Dell did not emphasize the consumer market, due to the higher costs and low profit margins in selling to individuals and households; this changed when the company's Internet site took off in 1996 and 1997.<a href="#cite_note-delltimeline-18">[18]</a> While the industry's average selling price to individuals was going down, Dell's was going up, as second- and third-time computer buyers who wanted powerful computers with multiple features and did not need much technical support were choosing Dell. Dell found an opportunity among PC-savvy individuals who liked the convenience of buying direct, customizing their PC to their means, and having it delivered in days. In early 1997, Dell created an internal sales and marketing group dedicated to serving the home market and introduced a product line designed especially for individual users.<a href="#cite_note-mhhe.com-25">[25]</a> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <caption>Dell's growth in the 1990s<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Revenue ($000000s) </th> <th>No. of employees </th></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td>546 </td> <td>2,050 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <td>889 </td> <td>2,970 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 </td> <td>2,013 </td> <td>4,650 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993 </td> <td>2,873 </td> <td>5,980 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994 </td> <td>3,475 </td> <td>6,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td>5,296 </td> <td>8,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <td>7,759 </td> <td>10,350 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997 </td> <td>12,327 </td> <td>16,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td>18,243 </td> <td>24,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999 </td> <td>25,256 </td> <td>36,500 </td></tr></tbody></table> From 1997 to 2004, Dell steadily grew and it gained market share from competitors even during industry slumps. During the same period, rival PC vendors such as <a href="/wiki/Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gateway,_Inc." title="Gateway, Inc.">Gateway</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM_Aptiva" title="IBM Aptiva">IBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Packard_Bell" title="Packard Bell">Packard Bell</a>, and <a href="/wiki/AST_Research" title="AST Research">AST Research</a> struggled and eventually left the market or were bought out.<a href="#cite_note-ZDA-27">[27]</a> Dell surpassed Compaq to become the largest PC manufacturer in 1999.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Operating costs made up only 10 percent of Dell's $35 billion in revenue in 2002 (equivalent to $56,680,000,000 in 2023), compared with 21 percent of revenue at Hewlett-Packard, 25 percent at Gateway, and 46 percent at Cisco.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> In 2002, when Compaq merged with Hewlett-Packard (the fourth-place PC maker), the newly combined Hewlett-Packard took the top spot for a time but struggled and Dell soon regained its lead. Dell grew the fastest in the early 2000s.<a href="#cite_note-bw1103-4">[4]</a> In 2002, Dell expanded its product line to include televisions, <a href="/wiki/Handhelds" class="mw-redirect" title="Handhelds">handhelds</a>, digital audio players, and <a href="/wiki/Printer_(computing)" title="Printer (computing)">printers</a>. Chairman and CEO Michael Dell had repeatedly blocked President and COO Kevin Rollins's attempt to lessen the company's heavy dependency on PCs, which Rollins wanted to fix by acquiring EMC Corporation; a move that would eventually occur over 12 years later.<a href="#cite_note-CNNMoney-dilemma-30">[30]</a> In 2003, at the annual company meeting, the stockholders approved changing the company name to "Dell Inc." to recognize the company's expansion beyond computers.<a href="#cite_note-Dell-Inc-May-2003-PRE-14A-31">[31]</a> In 2004, the company announced that it would build a new assembly-plant near <a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>; the city and county provided Dell with $37.2 million in incentive packages; the state provided approximately $250 million (equivalent to $386,600,000 in 2023) in incentives and tax breaks. In July, Michael Dell stepped aside as <a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">chief executive officer</a> while retaining his position as <a href="/wiki/Chair_(official)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chair (official)">chairman of the board</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dell-Inc-May-2004-DEF-14A-32">[32]</a> Kevin Rollins, who had held a number of executive posts at Dell, became the new CEO. Despite no longer holding the CEO title, Dell essentially acted as a de facto co-CEO with Rollins.<a href="#cite_note-CNNMoney-dilemma-30">[30]</a> Under Rollins, Dell purchased the computer hardware manufacturer <a href="/wiki/Alienware" title="Alienware">Alienware</a> in 2006. Dell Inc.'s plan anticipated Alienware continuing to operate independently under its existing management. Alienware expected to benefit from Dell's efficient manufacturing system.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Key_events">Key events</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Key events">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DELL_AIXM_X51v.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/DELL_AIXM_X51v.jpg/220px-DELL_AIXM_X51v.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/DELL_AIXM_X51v.jpg/330px-DELL_AIXM_X51v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/DELL_AIXM_X51v.jpg/440px-DELL_AIXM_X51v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Dell Axim X51v, shown with the Japanese Wikipedia main page open</figcaption></figure> In 2005, while earnings and sales continued to rise, sales growth slowed considerably, and the company stock lost 25% of its value that year.<a href="#cite_note-BW0206-34">[34]</a> By June 2006, the stock traded around US$25 which was 40% down from July 2005—the high-water mark of the company in the post-dotcom era.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes2006-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> By June 2021, the stock had reached an all-time high of over US$100 per share, reflecting the company's successful transition to a technology service provider that helps customers navigate digital transformation.<a href="#cite_note-Yahoo_Finance-37">[37]</a> The slowing sales growth has been attributed to the maturing PC market, which constituted 66% of Dell's sales, and analysts suggested that Dell needed to make inroads into non-PC business segments such as storage, services, and servers. Dell's price advantage was tied to its ultra-lean manufacturing for desktop PCs,<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-38">[38]</a> but this became less important as savings became harder to find inside the company's supply chain, and as competitors such as Hewlett-Packard and <a href="/wiki/Acer_Inc." title="Acer Inc.">Acer</a> made their PC manufacturing operations more efficient to match Dell, weakening Dell's traditional price differentiation.<a href="#cite_note-news.cnet.com-39">[39]</a> Throughout the entire PC industry, declines in prices along with commensurate increases in performance meant that Dell had fewer opportunities to upsell to their customers. As a result, the company was selling a greater proportion of inexpensive PCs than before, which eroded profit margins.<a href="#cite_note-ZDA-27">[27]</a> The laptop segment had become the fastest-growing of the PC market, but Dell produced low-cost notebooks in China like other PC manufacturers which eliminated Dell's manufacturing cost advantages, plus Dell's reliance on Internet sales meant that it missed out on growing notebook sales in big box stores.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes2006-35">[35]</a> CNET has suggested that Dell was getting trapped in the increasing commoditization of high volume low margin computers, which prevented it from offering more exciting devices that consumers demanded.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-38">[38]</a> Despite plans of expanding into other global regions and product segments, Dell was heavily dependent on US corporate PC market, as desktop PCs sold to both commercial and corporate customers accounted for 32 percent of its revenue, 85 percent of its revenue comes from businesses, and 64 percent of its revenue comes from North and South America, according to its 2006 third-quarter results. US shipments of desktop PCs were shrinking, and the corporate PC market, which purchases PCs in upgrade cycles, had largely decided to take a break from buying new systems. The last cycle started around 2002, three or so years after companies started buying PCs ahead of the perceived <a href="/wiki/Year_2000_problem" title="Year 2000 problem">Y2K</a> problems, and corporate clients were not expected to upgrade again until extensive testing of Microsoft's <a href="/wiki/Windows_Vista" title="Windows Vista">Windows Vista</a> (expected in early 2007), putting the next upgrade cycle around 2008.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-41">[41]</a> Heavily dependent on PCs, Dell had to slash prices to boost sales volumes, while demanding deep cuts from suppliers.<a href="#cite_note-CNNMoney-dilemma-30">[30]</a> Dell had long stuck by its direct sales model. Consumers had become the main drivers of PC sales in recent years,<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-41">[41]</a> yet there had a decline in consumers purchasing PCs through the Web or on the phone, as increasing numbers were visiting consumer electronics retail stores to try out the devices first. Dell's rivals in the PC industry, HP, Gateway and <a href="/wiki/Acer_Inc." title="Acer Inc.">Acer</a>, had a long retail presence and so were well poised to take advantage of the consumer shift.<a href="#cite_note-director1-42">[42]</a> The lack of a retail presence stymied Dell's attempts to offer consumer electronics such as flat-panel TVs and MP3 players.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-38">[38]</a> Dell responded by experimenting with mall kiosks, plus quasi-retail stores in Texas and New York.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-40">[40]</a> Dell had a reputation as a company that relied upon supply chain efficiencies to sell established technologies at low prices, instead of being an innovator.<a href="#cite_note-CNNMoney-dilemma-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-director1-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> By the mid-2000s many analysts were looking to innovating companies as the next source of growth in the technology sector. Dell's low spending on R&D relative to its revenue (compared to <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple Inc.</a>)—which worked well in the commoditized PC market—prevented it from making inroads into more lucrative segments, such as MP3 players and later mobile devices.<a href="#cite_note-BW0206-34">[34]</a> Increasing spending on R&D would have cut into the operating margins that the company emphasized.<a href="#cite_note-bw1103-4">[4]</a> Dell had done well with a horizontal organization that focused on PCs when the computing industry moved to horizontal mix-and-match layers in the 1980s, but by the mid-2000 the industry shifted to vertically integrated stacks to deliver an end-to-end IT product, and Dell lagged far behind competitors like Hewlett-Packard and Oracle.<a href="#cite_note-news.cnet.com-39">[39]</a> Dell's reputation for poor customer service, which was exacerbated as it moved call centers offshore and as its growth outstripped its technical support infrastructure, came under increasing scrutiny on the Web. The original Dell model was known for high customer satisfaction when PCs sold for thousands of dollars but by the 2000s, the company could not justify that level of service when computers in the same line-up sold for hundreds of dollars.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Rollins responded by shifting Dick Hunter from the head of manufacturing to head of customer service. Hunter, who noted that Dell's DNA of cost-cutting "got in the way," aimed to reduce call transfer times and have call center representatives resolve inquiries in one call. By 2006, Dell had spent $100 million in just a few months to improve on this and rolled out DellConnect to answer customer inquiries more quickly. In July 2006, the company started its Direct2Dell blog, and then in February 2007, Michael Dell launched IdeaStorm.com, asking customers for advice including selling Linux computers and reducing the promotional "bloatware" on PCs. These initiatives did manage to cut the negative blog posts from 49% to 22%, as well as reduce the "Dell Hell" prominent on Internet search engines.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes2006-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> There was also criticism that Dell used faulty components for its PCs, particularly the 11.8 million OptiPlex desktop computers sold to businesses and governments from May 2003 to July 2005 that suffered from <a href="/wiki/Capacitor_plague" title="Capacitor plague">faulty capacitors</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> A battery recall in August 2006, as a result of a Dell laptop catching fire, caused much negative attention for the company though later, <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a> was found responsible for the manufacturing of the batteries, however a Sony spokesman said the problem concerned the combination of the battery with a charger, which was specific to Dell.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> 2006 marked the first year that Dell's growth was slower than the PC industry as a whole. By the fourth quarter of 2006, Dell lost its title of the largest PC manufacturer to Hewlett Packard whose Personal Systems Group was invigorated thanks to a restructuring initiated by their CEO <a href="/wiki/Mark_Hurd" title="Mark Hurd">Mark Hurd</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BW0206-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="SEC_investigation">SEC investigation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: SEC investigation">edit</a>]</div> In August 2005, Dell became the subject of an informal investigation by the United States <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">SEC</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> In 2006, the company disclosed that the US Attorney for the Southern District of New York had subpoenaed documents related to the company's financial reporting dating back to 2002.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> The company delayed filing financial reports for the third and fourth fiscal quarter of 2006, and several class-action lawsuits were filed.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> Dell Inc's failure to file its quarterly earnings report could have subjected the company to de-listing from the <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a>,<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> but the exchange granted Dell a waiver, allowing the stock to trade normally.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> In August 2007, the company announced that it would restate its earnings for fiscal years 2003 through 2006 and the first quarter of 2007 after an internal audit found that certain employees had changed corporate account balances to meet quarterly financial targets.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> In July 2010, the SEC announced charges against several senior Dell executives, including Dell Chairman and CEO Michael Dell, former CEO Kevin Rollins, and former CFO James Schneider, "with failing to disclose material information to investors and using fraudulent accounting to make it falsely appear that the company was consistently meeting Wall Street earnings targets and reducing its operating expenses." Dell, inc. was fined $100 million, with Michael Dell personally fined $4 million.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Michael_Dell_resumes_CEO_role">Michael Dell resumes CEO role</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Michael Dell resumes CEO role">edit</a>]</div> After four out of five quarterly earnings reports were below expectations, Rollins resigned as president and CEO on January 31, 2007, and founder Michael Dell assumed the role of CEO again.<a href="#cite_note-Dell-Inc-Feb-2007-8-K-56">[56]</a> On March 1, 2007, the company issued a preliminary quarterly earnings report showing gross sales of $14.4 billion, down 5% year-over-year, and net income of $687 million (30 cents per share), down 33%. Net earnings would have declined even more if not for the effects of eliminated employee bonuses, which accounted for six cents per share. NASDAQ extended the company's deadline for filing financials to May 4.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dell_2.0_and_downsizing">Dell 2.0 and downsizing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Dell 2.0 and downsizing">edit</a>]</div> Dell announced a change campaign called "Dell 2.0," reducing the number of employees and diversifying the company's products.<a href="#cite_note-director1-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> While chairman of the board after relinquishing his CEO position, Michael Dell still had significant input in the company during Rollins' years as CEO. With the return of Michael Dell as CEO, the company saw changes in operations, the exodus of many senior vice-presidents and new personnel brought in from outside the company.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-40">[40]</a> Michael Dell announced a number of initiatives and plans (part of the "Dell 2.0" initiative) to improve the company's financial performance. These include elimination of 2006 bonuses for employees with some discretionary awards, reduction in the number of managers reporting directly to Michael Dell from 20 to 12, and reduction of "<a href="/wiki/Bureaucracy" title="Bureaucracy">bureaucracy</a>". Jim Schneider retired as CFO and was replaced by <a href="/wiki/Donald_Carty" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Carty">Donald Carty</a>, as the company came under an SEC probe for its accounting practices.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> On April 23, 2008, Dell announced the closure of one of its biggest Canadian call-centers in <a href="/wiki/Kanata,_Ontario" title="Kanata, Ontario">Kanata, Ontario</a>, terminating approximately 1100 employees, with 500 of those redundancies effective on the spot, and with the official closure of the center scheduled for the summer. The call-center had opened in 2006 after the city of <a href="/wiki/Ottawa" title="Ottawa">Ottawa</a> won a bid to host it. Less than a year later, Dell planned to double its workforce to nearly 3,000 workers add a new building. These plans were reversed, due to a high <a href="/wiki/Canadian_dollar" title="Canadian dollar">Canadian dollar</a> that made the Ottawa staff relatively expensive, and also as part of Dell's turnaround, which involved moving these call-center jobs offshore to cut costs. <a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> The company had also announced the shutdown of its <a href="/wiki/Edmonton" title="Edmonton">Edmonton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, office, losing 900 jobs. In total, Dell announced the ending of about 8,800 jobs in 2007–2008 — 10% of its workforce.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> By the late 2000s, Dell's "configure to order" approach of manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications from its US facilities was no longer as efficient or competitive with high-volume Asian contract manufacturers as PCs became powerful low-cost commodities.<a href="#cite_note-statesman-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-statesman1-62">[62]</a> Dell closed plants that produced desktop computers for the North American market, including the Mort Topfer Manufacturing Center in <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin, Texas</a> (original location)<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lebanon,_Tennessee" title="Lebanon, Tennessee">Lebanon, Tennessee</a> (opened in 1999) in 2008 and early 2009, respectively. The desktop production plant in <a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem, North Carolina</a>, received <a href="/wiki/US$" class="mw-redirect" title="US$">US$</a>280 million in incentives from the state and opened in 2005 (equivalent to $419,900,000 in 2023), but ceased operations in November 2010. Dell's contract with the state required them to repay the incentives for failing to meet the conditions, and they sold the North Carolina plant to Herbalife.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-theregister.co.uk-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-bizjournals.com-67">[67]</a> Much work was transferred to manufacturers in Asia and Mexico, or some of Dell's own factories overseas.<a href="#cite_note-statesman1-62">[62]</a> On January 8, 2009, Dell announced the closure of its manufacturing plant in Limerick, Ireland, with the loss of 1,900 jobs and the transfer of production to its plant in <a href="/wiki/%C5%81od%C5%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Łodź">Łodź</a> in Poland.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attempts_at_diversification">Attempts at diversification</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Attempts at diversification">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IFA_2010_Internationale_Funkausstellung_Berlin_57.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/IFA_2010_Internationale_Funkausstellung_Berlin_57.JPG/220px-IFA_2010_Internationale_Funkausstellung_Berlin_57.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/IFA_2010_Internationale_Funkausstellung_Berlin_57.JPG/330px-IFA_2010_Internationale_Funkausstellung_Berlin_57.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/IFA_2010_Internationale_Funkausstellung_Berlin_57.JPG/440px-IFA_2010_Internationale_Funkausstellung_Berlin_57.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Dell Streak smartphone</figcaption></figure> The release of Apple's <a href="/wiki/IPad" title="IPad">iPad</a> <a href="/wiki/Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablet computer</a> had a negative impact on Dell and other major PC vendors, as consumers switched away from desktop and laptop PCs. Dell's own mobility division has not managed success with developing smartphones or tablets, whether running Windows or <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-beta.fool-70">[70]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Dell_Streak" title="Dell Streak">Dell Streak</a> was a failure commercially and critically due to its outdated OS, numerous bugs, and low resolution screen. InfoWorld suggested that Dell and other OEMs saw tablets as a short-term, low-investment opportunity running <a href="/wiki/Google_Android" class="mw-redirect" title="Google Android">Google Android</a>, an approach that neglected user interface and failed to gain long term market traction with consumers.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Dell has responded by pushing higher-end PCs, such as the XPS line of notebooks, which do not compete with the <a href="/wiki/Apple_iPad" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple iPad">Apple iPad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kindle_Fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Kindle Fire">Kindle Fire</a> tablets.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> The growing popularity of smartphones and tablet computers instead of PCs drove Dell's consumer segment to an operating loss in Q3 2012. In December 2012, Dell suffered its first decline in holiday sales in five years, despite the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Windows_8" title="Windows 8">Windows 8</a>.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> In the shrinking PC industry, Dell continued to lose market share, as it dropped below <a href="/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a> in 2011 to fall to number three in the world. Dell and fellow American contemporary Hewlett Packard came under pressure from Asian PC manufacturers Lenovo, <a href="/wiki/Asus" title="Asus">Asus</a>, and Acer, all of which had lower production costs and were willing to accept lower profit margins. In addition, while the Asian PC vendors had been improving their quality and design—for instance, Lenovo's <a href="/wiki/ThinkPad" title="ThinkPad">ThinkPad</a> series was winning corporate customers away from Dell's laptops—Dell's customer service and reputation had been slipping.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> Dell remained the second-most profitable PC vendor, as it took 13 percent of operating profits in the PC industry during Q4 2012, behind Apple's Mac that took 45 percent, seven percent at Hewlett Packard, six percent at Lenovo and Asus, and one percent for Acer.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> Dell attempted to offset its declining PC business, which still accounted for half of its revenue and generates steady cash flow,<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> by expanding into the enterprise market with servers, networking, software, and services.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> It avoided many of the acquisition write-downs and management turnover that plagued its chief rival Hewlett Packard.<a href="#cite_note-beta.fool-70">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-chron.com-80">[80]</a> Despite spending $13 billion on acquisitions to diversify its portfolio beyond hardware,<a href="#cite_note-bloomberg.com-81">[81]</a> the company was unable to convince the market that it could thrive or made the transformation in the post-PC world,<a href="#cite_note-chron.com-80">[80]</a> as it suffered continued declines in revenue and share price.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a><a href="#cite_note-economist-85">[85]</a> Dell's market share in the corporate segment was previously a "moat" against rivals but this has no longer been the case as sales and profits have fallen precipitously.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2013_buyout">2013 buyout</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2013 buyout">edit</a>]</div> After several weeks of rumors, which started around January 11, 2013, Dell announced on February 5, 2013, that it had struck a $24.4 billion (equivalent to $31,470,000,000 in 2023) <a href="/wiki/Leveraged_buyout" title="Leveraged buyout">leveraged buyout</a> deal, that would have delisted its shares from the NASDAQ and Hong Kong Stock Exchange and taken it private.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a> reported that Michael Dell and <a href="/wiki/Silver_Lake_Partners" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Lake Partners">Silver Lake Partners</a>, aided by a $2 billion loan from <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, would acquire the public shares at $13.65 apiece.<a href="#cite_note-buyout-90">[90]</a> The $24.4 billion buyout was projected to be the largest leveraged buyout backed by private equity since the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%932008_financial_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="2007–2008 financial crisis">2007–2008 financial crisis</a> (equivalent to $34,550,000,000 in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-buyout2-91">[91]</a> It is also the largest technology buyout ever, surpassing the 2006 buyout of <a href="/wiki/Freescale_Semiconductor" title="Freescale Semiconductor">Freescale Semiconductor</a> for $17.5 billion (equivalent to $25,450,000,000 in 2023).<a href="#cite_note-buyout2-91">[91]</a> Michael Dell said of the February offer "I believe this transaction will open an exciting new chapter for Dell, our customers and team members".<a href="#cite_note-buyout3-92">[92]</a> Dell rival Lenovo responded to the buyout, saying, "the financial actions of some of our traditional competitors will not substantially change our outlook."<a href="#cite_note-buyout3-92">[92]</a> In March 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Blackstone_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Blackstone Group">Blackstone Group</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Icahn" title="Carl Icahn">Carl Icahn</a> expressed interest in purchasing Dell.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In April 2013, Blackstone withdrew their offer, citing deteriorating business.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-95">[95]</a> Other private equity firms such as KKR & Co. and TPG Capital declined to submit alternative bids for Dell, citing the uncertain market for personal computers and competitive pressures, so the "wide-open bidding war" never materialized.<a href="#cite_note-bloomberg.com-81">[81]</a> Analysts said that the biggest challenge facing Silver Lake would be to find an "exit strategy" to profit from its investment, which would be when the company would hold an IPO to go public again, and one warned "But even if you can get a $25bn enterprise value for Dell, it will take years to get out."<a href="#cite_note-Gelles-96">[96]</a> In May 2013, Michael Dell joined his board in voting for the offer.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> The following August he reached a deal with the special committee on the board for $13.88 per share, a raised price of $13.75 plus a special dividend of 13 cents, as well as a change to the voting rules.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> The $13.88 cash offer (plus a $.08 per share dividend for the third fiscal quarter) was accepted on September 12<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> and closed on October 30, 2013, ending Dell's 25-year run as a publicly traded company. After the buyout, the newly private Dell offered a Voluntary Separation Program that they expected to reduce their workforce by up to seven percent. The reception to the program so exceeded the expectations that Dell may be forced to hire new staff to make up for the losses.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recent_history">Recent history</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Recent history">edit</a>]</div> On November 19, 2015, Dell, alongside <a href="/wiki/Arm_Holdings" title="Arm Holdings">Arm Holdings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco Systems</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, founded the <a href="/wiki/OpenFog_Consortium" title="OpenFog Consortium">OpenFog Consortium</a>, to promote interests and development in <a href="/wiki/Fog_computing" title="Fog computing">fog computing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Acquisition_of_EMC">Acquisition of EMC</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Acquisition of EMC">edit</a>]</div> On October 12, 2015, <a href="/wiki/Dell_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Dell Inc.">Dell Inc.</a> announced its intent to acquire EMC Corporation in a cash-and-stock deal valued at $67 billion (equivalent to $84,210,000,000 in 2023), which has been considered the largest-ever acquisition in the technology sector.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc-dellemc-103">[103]</a> As part of the acquisition, Dell would take over EMC's 81% stake in the cloud-computing and virtualization company <a href="/wiki/VMware" title="VMware">VMware</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Dell-EMC-104">[104]</a> This would combine Dell's enterprise server, personal computer, and mobile businesses with EMC's enterprise storage business in a significant Vertical merger of IT giants. Dell would pay $24.05 per share of EMC, and $9.05 per share of <a href="/wiki/Tracking_stock" title="Tracking stock">tracking stock</a> in <a href="/wiki/VMware" title="VMware">VMware</a>.<a href="#cite_note-wsj-emcdell-105">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt-emcdell-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc-dellemc-103">[103]</a> The announcement came two years after Dell Inc. returned to private ownership, claiming that it faced bleak prospects and would need several years out of the public eye to rebuild its business.<a href="#cite_note-WSJ-20130329-107">[107]</a> It was thought that the company's value had roughly doubled since then.<a href="#cite_note-WSJ-2015-10-12-108">[108]</a> EMC was being pressured by <a href="/wiki/Elliott_Management_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Elliott Management Corporation">Elliott Management</a>, a hedge fund holding 2.2% of EMC's stock, to reorganize their unusual "Federation" structure, in which EMC's divisions were effectively being run as independent companies. Elliott argued<a href="#cite_note-BusinessWire-2014-10-08-109">[109]</a> this structure deeply undervalued EMC's core "EMC II" data storage business, and that increasing competition between EMC II and VMware products was confusing the market and hindering both companies. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> estimated that in 2014 Dell had revenue of $27.3 billion (equivalent to $34,610,000,000 in 2023) from personal computers and $8.9 billion from servers, while EMC had $16.5 billion from EMC II, $1 billion from <a href="/wiki/RSA_Security" title="RSA Security">RSA Security</a>, $6 billion from VMware, and $230 million from <a href="/wiki/Pivotal_Software" title="Pivotal Software">Pivotal Software</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WSJ-2015-10-13-110">[110]</a> EMC owns around 80 percent of the stock of VMware.<a href="#cite_note-FT-Lex-2015-10-12-111">[111]</a> The proposed acquisition will maintain VMware as a separate company, held via a new <a href="/wiki/Tracking_stock" title="Tracking stock">tracking stock</a>, while the other parts of EMC will be rolled into Dell.<a href="#cite_note-FT-2015-10-12-112">[112]</a> Once the acquisition closes Dell will again publish quarterly financial results, having ceased these on going private in 2013.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> The combined business was expected to address the markets for <a href="/wiki/Converged_storage#Scale-out_architecture" title="Converged storage">scale-out architecture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Converged_infrastructure" title="Converged infrastructure">converged infrastructure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cloud_computing#Private_cloud" title="Cloud computing">private cloud computing</a>, playing to the strengths of both EMC and Dell.<a href="#cite_note-WSJ-2015-10-13-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-Economist-2015-10-12-114">[114]</a> Commentators have questioned the deal, with <a href="/wiki/FBR_Capital_Markets" title="FBR Capital Markets">FBR Capital Markets</a> saying that though it makes a "ton of sense" for Dell, it's a "nightmare scenario that would lack strategic synergies" for EMC.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters-2015-10-08-115">[115]</a> Fortune said there was a lot for Dell to like in EMC's portfolio, but "does it all add up enough to justify tens of billions of dollars for the entire package? Probably not."<a href="#cite_note-Fortune-2015-10-08-116">[116]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a> reported the view of <a href="/wiki/William_Blair_%26_Company" title="William Blair & Company">William Blair & Company</a> that the merger would "blow up the current IT chess board", forcing other IT infrastructure vendors to restructure to achieve scale and vertical integration.<a href="#cite_note-Register-2015-10-09-117">[117]</a> The value of VMware stock fell 10% after the announcement, valuing the deal at around $63–64bn rather than the $67bn originally reported.<a href="#cite_note-FT-Lex-Live-2015-10-13-118">[118]</a> Key investors backing the deal besides Dell were Singapore's <a href="/wiki/Temasek_Holdings" class="mw-redirect" title="Temasek Holdings">Temasek Holdings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Silver_Lake_Partners" class="mw-redirect" title="Silver Lake Partners">Silver Lake Partners</a>.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> On September 7, 2016, Dell completed the merger with EMC, which involved the issuance of $45.9 billion (equivalent to $57,140,000,000 in 2023) in debt and $4.4 billion (equivalent to $5,478,000,000 in 2023) of common stock.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> At the time, some analysts claimed that Dell's acquisition of the former Iomega could harm the <a href="/wiki/LenovoEMC" class="mw-redirect" title="LenovoEMC">LenovoEMC</a> partnership.<a href="#cite_note-IomegaPart.TheRegister-122">[122]</a> In July 2018, Dell announced intentions to become a publicly traded company again by paying $21.7 billion (equivalent to $25,940,000,000 in 2023) in both cash and stock to buy back shares from its stake in VMware, offering shareholders roughly 60 cents on the dollar as part of the deal.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dell-EMC-104">[104]</a> In November, Carl Icahn (9.3% owner of Dell) sued the company over plans to go public.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> As a result of pressure from Icahn and other <a href="/wiki/Activist_shareholder" class="mw-redirect" title="Activist shareholder">activist investors</a>, Dell renegotiated the deal, ultimately offering shareholders about 80% of market value. As part of this deal, Dell once again became a public company, with the original Dell computer business and Dell EMC operating under the newly created parent, Dell Technologies.<a href="#cite_note-Dell-EMC-104">[104]</a> Post-acquisition, Dell was re-organized with a new parent company, Dell Technologies; Dell's consumer and workstation businesses are internally referred to as the Dell Client Solutions Group, and is one of the company's three main business divisions alongside <a href="/wiki/Dell_EMC" title="Dell EMC">Dell EMC</a> and <a href="/wiki/VMware" title="VMware">VMware</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-wsjemcdell-127">[127]</a> In January 2021 (equivalent to $14,420,000,000 in 2023), Dell reported $94 billion (equivalent to $104,280,000,000 in 2023) in sales and $13 billion operating cash flow during 2020.<a href="#cite_note-Dell-EMC-104">[104]</a> On March 1, 2024, Dell's stock hit all-time high after earnings. It delivered a strong performance from its artificial intelligence unit that sent shares up nearly 40%, its highest daily gain since the company went public in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> In August 2024, the company announced it would be laying off 12,500 employees—10% of its workforce—in order to invest in artificial intelligence initiatives.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dell_and_AMD">Dell and AMD</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Dell and AMD">edit</a>]</div> When Dell acquired Alienware early in 2006, some Alienware systems had <a href="/wiki/AMD" title="AMD">AMD</a> chips. On August 17, 2006, a Dell press release<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> stated that starting in September, Dell Dimension desktop computers would have AMD processors and that later in the year Dell would release a two-socket, quad-processor server using AMD <a href="/wiki/Opteron" title="Opteron">Opteron</a> chips, moving away from Dell's tradition of only offering Intel processors in Dell PCs. <a href="/wiki/CNET" title="CNET">CNET</a>'s News.com on August 17, 2006, cited Dell's CEO Kevin Rollins as attributing the move to AMD processors to lower costs and to AMD technology.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> AMD's senior VP in commercial business, Marty Seyer, stated: "Dell's wider embrace of AMD processor-based offerings is a win for Dell, for the industry and most importantly for Dell customers." On October 23, 2006, Dell announced new AMD-based servers — the PowerEdge 6950 and the <a href="/wiki/PowerEdge" title="PowerEdge">PowerEdge</a> SC1435. On November 1, 2006, Dell's website began offering notebooks based on AMD processors (the Inspiron 1501 with a 15.4-inch (390 mm) display) with the choice of a single-core MK-36 processor, dual-core Turion X2 chips or Mobile Sempron.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> In 2017, Dell released the AlienWare 17 gaming laptop. The model was primarily based on NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080 systems.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dell_and_desktop_Linux">Dell and desktop Linux</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Dell and desktop Linux">edit</a>]</div> In 1998, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Nader" title="Ralph Nader">Ralph Nader</a> asked Dell (and five other major <a href="/wiki/Original_equipment_manufacturer" title="Original equipment manufacturer">OEMs</a>) to offer alternate operating systems to <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>, specifically including <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, for which "there is clearly a growing interest".<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> Possibly coincidentally, Dell started offering Linux notebook systems that "cost no more than their Windows 98 counterparts" in 2000,<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> and soon expanded, with Dell becoming "the first major manufacturer to offer Linux across its full product line".<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> However, by early 2001 Dell had "disbanded its Linux business unit."<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a> On February 26, 2007, Dell announced that it had commenced a program to sell and distribute a range of computers with pre-installed Linux distributions as an alternative to <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>. Dell indicated that <a href="/wiki/Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a>'s <a href="/wiki/SUSE_Linux" class="mw-redirect" title="SUSE Linux">SUSE</a> Linux would appear first.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> However, the next day, Dell announced that its previous announcement related to certifying the hardware as ready to work with Novell SUSE Linux and that it (Dell) had no plans to sell systems pre-installed with Linux in the near future.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> On March 28, 2007, Dell announced that it would begin shipping some desktops and laptops with Linux pre-installed, although it did not specify which distribution of Linux or which hardware would lead.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> On April 18, a report appeared suggesting that Michael Dell used <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a> on one of his home systems.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a> On May 1, 2007, Dell announced it would ship the Ubuntu Linux distribution.<a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a> On May 24, 2007, Dell started selling models with Ubuntu Linux 7.04 pre-installed: a laptop, a budget computer, and a high-end PC.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> On June 27, 2007, Dell announced on its Direct2Dell blog that it planned to offer more pre-loaded systems (the new <a href="/wiki/Dell_Inspiron" title="Dell Inspiron">Dell Inspiron</a> desktops and laptops). After the <a href="/wiki/Dell_IdeaStorm" title="Dell IdeaStorm">IdeaStorm</a> site supported extending the bundles beyond the US market, Dell later announced more international marketing.<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a> On August 7, 2007, Dell officially announced that it would offer one notebook and one desktop in the UK, France and Germany with Ubuntu "pre-installed". At <a href="/wiki/LinuxWorld_Conference_and_Expo" title="LinuxWorld Conference and Expo">LinuxWorld</a> 2007 Dell announced plans to provide <a href="/wiki/Novell" title="Novell">Novell</a>'s <a href="/wiki/SUSE_Linux_Enterprise_Desktop" class="mw-redirect" title="SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop">SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop</a> on selected models in China, "factory-installed".<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> On November 30, 2007, Dell reported shipping 40,000 Ubuntu PCs.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a> On January 24, 2008, Dell in Germany, Spain, France, and the United Kingdom launched a second laptop, an XPS M1330 with <a href="/wiki/Ubuntu" title="Ubuntu">Ubuntu</a> 7.10, for 849 euro or GBP 599 upwards.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> On February 18, 2008, Dell announced that the <a href="/wiki/Dell_Inspiron_1525" title="Dell Inspiron 1525">Inspiron 1525</a> would have Ubuntu as an optional operating system.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> On February 22, 2008, Dell announced plans to sell Ubuntu in Canada and in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> From September 16, 2008, Dell has shipped both <a href="/wiki/Dell_Ubuntu_Netbook_Remix" class="mw-redirect" title="Dell Ubuntu Netbook Remix">Dell Ubuntu Netbook Remix</a> and <a href="/wiki/Windows_XP" title="Windows XP">Windows XP</a> Home versions of the <a href="/wiki/Dell_Inspiron_Mini_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Dell Inspiron Mini 9">Inspiron Mini 9</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dell_Inspiron_Mini_12" class="mw-redirect" title="Dell Inspiron Mini 12">Inspiron Mini 12</a>. As of November 2009<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit">[update]</a> Dell shipped the Inspiron Mini laptops with Ubuntu version 8.04.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> As of 2021, Dell continues to offer select laptops and workstations with Ubuntu Linux pre-installed, under the "Developer Edition" moniker.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Corporate_affairs">Corporate affairs</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Corporate affairs">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Business_trends">Business trends</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Business trends">edit</a>]</div> The key trends for Dell are (as of the financial year ending late January/early February):<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th>Revenue (US$ bn) </th> <th>Net profit (US$ bn) </th> <th>Employees (k)<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td>50.5 </td> <td>−1.1 </td> <td>101 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td>61.5 </td> <td>−3.6 </td> <td>138 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td>79.1 </td> <td>−2.8 </td> <td>145 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2019 </td> <td>90.3 </td> <td>−2.3 </td> <td>157 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2020 </td> <td>91.9 </td> <td>4.6 </td> <td>165 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021 </td> <td>86.7 </td> <td>2.2 </td> <td>158 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2022 </td> <td>101 </td> <td>4.9 </td> <td>133 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2023 </td> <td>101 </td> <td>2.4 </td> <td>133 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2024 </td> <td>88.4 </td> <td>3.2 </td> <td>120 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Senior_leadership">Senior leadership</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Senior leadership">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="List_of_chairmen">List of chairmen</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: List of chairmen">edit</a>]</div> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dell" title="Michael Dell">Michael Dell</a> (1984– )</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="List_of_chief_executives">List of chief executives</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: List of chief executives">edit</a>]</div> <ol><li>Michael Dell (1984–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Rollins" title="Kevin Rollins">Kevin Rollins</a> (2004–2007)</li> <li>Michael Dell (2007–present); second term</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Dell_marketing_slogans">List of Dell marketing slogans</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: List of Dell marketing slogans">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Be direct (1998–2001)</li> <li>Easy as Dell (2001–2004)</li> <li>Get more out of now (2004–2005)</li> <li>It's a Dell (2005–2006)</li> <li>Dell. Purely You (2006–2007)</li> <li>Yours is Here (2007–2011)</li> <li>The power to do more (2011–present)<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Acquisitions">Acquisitions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Acquisitions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Dell_ownership_activities" title="List of Dell ownership activities">List of Dell ownership activities</a></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>List of companies acquired by Dell Inc. </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Company acquired </th> <th scope="col">Date of acquisition </th> <th scope="col" class="unsortable">Company notes </th> <th scope="col">References </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Alienware" title="Alienware">Alienware</a> </th> <td>2006 </td> <td>Manufacturer of high-end PCs for gamers</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-AW-159">[159]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/EqualLogic" title="EqualLogic">EqualLogic</a> </th> <td>January 28, 2008 </td> <td>Acquired to gain a foothold in the <a href="/wiki/ISCSI" title="ISCSI">iSCSI</a> storage market. Because Dell already had an efficient manufacturing process, integrating EqualLogic's products into the company drove manufacturing prices down</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Dell-Inc-Nov-2007-8-K-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dell-Inc-Jan-2008-8-K-161">[161]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Perot_Systems" title="Perot Systems">Perot Systems</a> </th> <td>2009 </td> <td>Perot Systems was a technology services and outsourcing company, mainly active in the health sector, founded by former presidential hopeful <a href="/wiki/H._Ross_Perot" class="mw-redirect" title="H. Ross Perot">H. Ross Perot</a>. The acquired business provided Dell with applications development, systems integration, and strategic consulting services through its operations in the US and 10 other countries. In addition, the acquisition of Perot brought a variety of business process outsourcing services, including claims processing and call center operations.</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Dell-Inc-Sep-2009-8-K-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/KACE_Networks" class="mw-redirect" title="KACE Networks">KACE Networks</a> </th> <td>February 10, 2010 </td> <td>KACE Networks was a leader in systems management appliances.</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Boomi </th> <td>November 2, 2010 </td> <td>Cloud integration leader</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-htanna-167">[167]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Compellent_Technologies" title="Compellent Technologies">Compellent Technologies</a> </th> <td>February 2011 </td> <td>The acquisition extended Dell's storage portfolio.</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Dell-Inc-Mar-2011-10-K-168">[168]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Force10" title="Force10">Force10</a> networks </th> <td>August 2011 </td> <td>By acquiring this company Dell now has the full <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual property</a> for their networking portfolio, which was lacking on the Dell PowerConnect range as these products are powered by <a href="/wiki/Broadcom" title="Broadcom">Broadcom</a> or <a href="/wiki/Marvell_Technology_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Marvell Technology Group">Marvell</a> IM.</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-reg10-169">[169]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Dell_AppAssure" class="mw-redirect" title="Dell AppAssure">AppAssure</a> Software </th> <td>February 24, 2012 </td> <td>Dell acquired the backup and disaster recovery software provider out of Reston, VA. AppAssure delivered 194 percent revenue growth in 2011 and over 3500% growth in the prior three years. AppAssure supported physical servers and VMware, Hyper-V and XenServer. The deal represents the first acquisition since Dell formed its software division under former CA CEO John Swainson. Dell added that it will keep AppAssure's 230 employees and invest in the company.</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Dell-Inc-May-2012-10-Q-170">[170]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/SonicWall" title="SonicWall">SonicWall</a> </th> <td>May 9, 2012 </td> <td>A company with 130 patents, SonicWall develops security products, and is a network and data security provider.</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Wyse" title="Wyse">Wyse</a> </th> <td>April 2, 2012 </td> <td>A global market-leader for <a href="/wiki/Thin_client" title="Thin client">thin client</a> systems.</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Dell-Inc-May-2012-10-Q-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Clerity Solutions </th> <td>April 3, 2012 </td> <td>Clerity, a company offering services for application (re)hosting, was formed in 1994 and has it headquarters in Chicago. At the time of the take-over approximately 70 people were working for the company.</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Dell-Inc-May-2012-10-Q-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Quest_Software" title="Quest Software">Quest Software</a> </th> <td>September 28, 2012 </td> <td></td> <td><a href="#cite_note-Dell-Inc-Jul-2012-8-K-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Gale_Technologies" class="mw-redirect" title="Gale Technologies">Gale Technologies</a> </th> <td>November 16, 2012 </td> <td>A provider of infrastructure automation products. Gale Technologies was founded in 2008 and is headquartered in Santa Clara, California.</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Credant_Technologies" title="Credant Technologies">Credant Technologies</a> </th> <td>December 18, 2012 </td> <td>A provider of storage protection services. Credant is the 19th acquisition in four years, as Dell had spent $13 billion on acquisitions since 2008 and $5 billion in the past year alone.</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/StatSoft" title="StatSoft">StatSoft</a> </th> <td>March 24, 2014 </td> <td>A global provider of analytics software, in order to bolster its <a href="/wiki/Big_data" title="Big data">big data</a> services offering.</td> <td><a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/EMC_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="EMC Corporation">EMC²</a> </th> <td>October 12, 2015 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/EMC_Corporation#Products_and_services" class="mw-redirect" title="EMC Corporation">Storage, virtualization, services, cloud, data center, security and compliance</a> </td> <td><a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dell_facilities">Dell facilities</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Dell facilities">edit</a>]</div> Dell's headquarters is located in <a href="/wiki/Round_Rock,_Texas" title="Round Rock, Texas">Round Rock, Texas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> As of 2013<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit">[update]</a> the company employed about 14,000 people in central Texas and was the region's largest private employer,<a href="#cite_note-AS-187">[187]</a> which has 2,100,000 square feet (200,000 m2) of space.<a href="#cite_note-GreenHQ-188">[188]</a> As of 1999 almost half of the general fund of the city of Round Rock originated from sales taxes generated from the Dell headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a> Dell previously had its headquarters in the <a href="/wiki/Arboretum" title="Arboretum">Arboretum</a> complex in northern Austin, Texas.<a href="#cite_note-PopeDis-190">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> In 1989 Dell occupied 127,000 square feet (11,800 m2) in the Arboretum complex.<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> In 1990, Dell had 1,200 employees in its headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-PopeDis-190">[190]</a> In 1993, Dell submitted a document to Round Rock officials, titled "Dell Computer Corporate Headquarters, Round Rock, Texas, May 1993 Schematic Design." Despite the filing, during that year the company said that it was not going to move its headquarters.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> In 1994, Dell announced that it was moving most of its employees out of the Arboretum, but that it was going to continue to occupy the top floor of the Arboretum and that the company's official headquarters address would continue to be the Arboretum. The top floor continued to hold Dell's board room, demonstration center, and visitor meeting room. Less than one month prior to August 29, 1994, Dell moved 1,100 customer support and telephone sales employees to Round Rock.<a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a> Dell's lease in the Arboretum had been scheduled to expire in 1994.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dell_diamond2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Dell_diamond2.jpg/250px-Dell_diamond2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Dell_diamond2.jpg/330px-Dell_diamond2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Dell_diamond2.jpg/500px-Dell_diamond2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1224" data-file-height="527" /></a><figcaption>The company sponsors <a href="/wiki/Dell_Diamond" title="Dell Diamond">Dell Diamond</a>, the home stadium of the <a href="/wiki/Round_Rock_Express" title="Round Rock Express">Round Rock Express</a>, the AAA <a href="/wiki/Minor_league_baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor league baseball">minor league baseball</a> affiliate of the <a href="/wiki/Texas_Rangers_(baseball)" title="Texas Rangers (baseball)">Texas Rangers</a> major league baseball team.</figcaption></figure> By 1996, Dell was moving its headquarters to Round Rock.<a href="#cite_note-HQMoving-196">[196]</a> As of January 1996, 3,500 people still worked at the current Dell headquarters. One building of the Round Rock headquarters, Round Rock 3, had space for 6,400 employees and was scheduled to be completed in November 1996.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> In 1998 Dell announced that it was going to add two buildings to its Round Rock complex, adding 1,600,000 square feet (150,000 m2) of office space to the complex.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> In 2000, Dell announced that it would lease 80,000 square feet (7,400 m2) of space in the <a href="/wiki/Las_Cimas" title="Las Cimas">Las Cimas</a> office complex in <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated</a> <a href="/wiki/Travis_County,_Texas" title="Travis County, Texas">Travis County, Texas</a>, between Austin and <a href="/wiki/West_Lake_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="West Lake Hills">West Lake Hills</a>, to house the company's executive offices and corporate headquarters. 100 senior executives were scheduled to work in the building by the end of 2000.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a> In January 2001, the company leased the space in Las Cimas 2, located along <a href="/wiki/Loop_360" class="mw-redirect" title="Loop 360">Loop 360</a>. Las Cimas 2 housed Dell's executives, the investment operations, and some corporate functions. Dell also had an option for 138,000 square feet (12,800 m2) of space in Las Cimas 3.<a href="#cite_note-Subleaselascimas-200">[200]</a> After a slowdown in business required reducing employees and production capacity, Dell decided to sublease its offices in two buildings in the Las Cimas office complex.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> In 2002 Dell announced that it planned to sublease its space to another tenant; the company planned to move its headquarters back to Round Rock once a tenant was secured.<a href="#cite_note-Subleaselascimas-200">[200]</a> By 2003, Dell moved its headquarters back to Round Rock. It leased all of Las Cimas I and II, with a total of 312,000 square feet (29,000 m2), for about a seven-year period after 2003. By that year roughly 100,000 square feet (9,300 m2) of that space was absorbed by new subtenants.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> In 2008, Dell switched the power sources of the Round Rock headquarters to more environmentally friendly ones, with 60% of the total power coming from <a href="/wiki/TXU_Energy" title="TXU Energy">TXU Energy</a> wind farms and 40% coming from the Austin Community Landfill gas-to-energy plant operated by <a href="/wiki/Waste_Management,_Inc." title="Waste Management, Inc.">Waste Management, Inc.</a><a href="#cite_note-GreenHQ-188">[188]</a> Dell facilities in the United States are located in Austin, Texas; <a href="/wiki/Nashua,_New_Hampshire" title="Nashua, New Hampshire">Nashua, New Hampshire</a>; <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville, Tennessee</a>; <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma_City" title="Oklahoma City">Oklahoma City</a>, Oklahoma; <a href="/wiki/Peoria,_Illinois" title="Peoria, Illinois">Peoria, Illinois</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hillsboro,_Oregon" title="Hillsboro, Oregon">Hillsboro, Oregon</a> (Portland area); <a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem, North Carolina</a>; <a href="/wiki/Eden_Prairie,_Minnesota" title="Eden Prairie, Minnesota">Eden Prairie, Minnesota</a> (<a href="/wiki/Compellent" class="mw-redirect" title="Compellent">Dell Compellent</a>); <a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green,_Kentucky" title="Bowling Green, Kentucky">Bowling Green, Kentucky</a>; <a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_Nebraska" title="Lincoln, Nebraska">Lincoln, Nebraska</a>; and Miami, Florida. Facilities located abroad include <a href="/wiki/Penang,_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Penang, Malaysia">Penang, Malaysia</a>; <a href="/wiki/Xiamen" title="Xiamen">Xiamen</a>, China; <a href="/wiki/Bracknell" title="Bracknell">Bracknell</a>, UK; <a href="/wiki/Manila,_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Manila, Philippines">Manila, Philippines</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> <a href="/wiki/Chennai,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Chennai, India">Chennai, India</a>;<a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a> <a href="/wiki/Hyderabad,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyderabad, India">Hyderabad, India</a>; <a href="/wiki/Noida,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Noida, India">Noida, India</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hortol%C3%A2ndia" title="Hortolândia">Hortolândia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre" title="Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a>, Brazil; <a href="/wiki/Bratislava" title="Bratislava">Bratislava</a>, Slovakia; <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź, Poland</a>;<a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a> Panama City, <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a>, Ireland; <a href="/wiki/Casablanca" title="Casablanca">Casablanca</a>, Morocco and Montpellier, France. The US and India are the only countries that have all Dell's business functions and provide support globally: research and development, manufacturing, finance, analysis, and customer care.<a href="#cite_note-tech.fortune.cnn.com-206">[206]</a> Dell was recognized as "India's Most Desired Brand in 2023", as per TRA's Most Desired Brands report 2023. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manufacturing">Manufacturing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Manufacturing">edit</a>]</div> From its early beginnings, Dell operated as a pioneer in the "configure to order" approach to manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications. In contrast, most PC manufacturers in those times delivered large orders to intermediaries on a quarterly basis.<a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a> To minimize the delay between purchase and delivery, Dell has a general policy of manufacturing its products close to its customers. This also allows for implementing a <a href="/wiki/Just-in-time_(business)" class="mw-redirect" title="Just-in-time (business)">just-in-time</a> (JIT) manufacturing approach, which minimizes <a href="/wiki/Inventory" title="Inventory">inventory</a> costs. Low inventory is another signature of the Dell business model—a critical consideration in an industry where components depreciate very rapidly.<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> Dell's manufacturing process covers assembly, software installation, functional testing (including "burn-in"), and quality control. Throughout most of the company's history, Dell manufactured desktop machines in-house and contracted out the manufacturing of base notebooks for configuration in-house.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> The company's approach has changed, as cited in the 2006 Annual Report, which states, "We are continuing to expand our use of original design manufacturing partnerships and manufacturing outsourcing relationships." The Wall Street Journal reported in September 2008 that "Dell has approached contract computer manufacturers with offers to sell" their plants.<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> By the late 2000s, Dell's "configure to order" approach of manufacturing—delivering individual PCs configured to customer specifications from its US facilities was no longer as efficient or competitive with high-volume Asian contract manufacturers as PCs became powerful low-cost commodities.<a href="#cite_note-statesman1-62">[62]</a> Assembly of desktop computers for the North American market formerly took place at Dell plants in Austin, Texas, (original location) and <a href="/wiki/Lebanon,_Tennessee" title="Lebanon, Tennessee">Lebanon, Tennessee</a>, (opened in 1999), which were closed in 2008 and early 2009, respectively. The plant in <a href="/wiki/Winston-Salem,_North_Carolina" title="Winston-Salem, North Carolina">Winston-Salem, North Carolina</a>, opened in 2005 but ceased operations in November 2010.<a href="#cite_note-theregister.co.uk-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-bizjournals.com-67">[67]</a> Most of the work that used to take place in Dell's US plants was transferred to contract manufacturers in Asia and Mexico, or some of Dell's own factories overseas. The <a href="/wiki/Miami,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Miami, Florida">Miami, Florida</a>, facility of its Alienware subsidiary remains in operation, while Dell continues to produce its servers (its most profitable products) in Austin, Texas.<a href="#cite_note-statesman1-62">[62]</a> Dell assembled computers for the <a href="/wiki/Europe,_the_Middle_East_and_Africa" title="Europe, the Middle East and Africa">EMEA</a> market at the <a href="/wiki/Limerick" title="Limerick">Limerick</a> facility in the Republic of Ireland, and once employed about 4,500 people in that country. Dell began manufacturing in Limerick in 1991 and went on to become Ireland's largest exporter of goods and its second-largest company and foreign investor. On January 8, 2009, Dell announced that it would move all Dell manufacturing in Limerick to Dell's new plant in the Polish city of <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a> by January 2010.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> officials said they would investigate a €52.7million aid package the Polish government used to attract Dell away from Ireland.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> European Manufacturing Facility 1 (EMF1, opened in 1990) and EMF3 form part of the <a href="/wiki/Raheen_Industrial_Estate" class="mw-redirect" title="Raheen Industrial Estate">Raheen Industrial Estate</a> near Limerick. EMF2 (previously a <a href="/wiki/Wang_Laboratories" title="Wang Laboratories">Wang</a> facility, later occupied by <a href="/wiki/Flextronics" class="mw-redirect" title="Flextronics">Flextronics</a>, situated in Castletroy) closed in 2002,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] and Dell Inc. has consolidated production into EMF3 (EMF1 now[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">when?</a>] contains only offices).<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> Subsidies from the Polish government did keep Dell for a long time.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> After ending assembly in the Limerick plant the <a href="/wiki/Cherrywood,_Dublin" title="Cherrywood, Dublin">Cherrywood</a> Technology Campus in Dublin was the largest Dell office in the republic with over 1200 people in sales (mainly UK & Ireland), support (enterprise support for EMEA) and research and development for cloud computing, but no more manufacturing except<a href="#cite_note-ida-215">[215]</a> Dell's Alienware subsidiary, which manufactures PCs in an Athlone, Ireland, plant. Whether this facility will remain in Ireland is not certain.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a> Dell started production at EMF4 in Łódź, Poland, in late 2007.<a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a> Dell moved desktop, notebook and PowerEdge server manufacturing for the South American market from the <a href="/wiki/Eldorado_do_Sul,_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Eldorado do Sul, Brazil">Eldorado do Sul</a> plant opened in 1999, to a new plant in <a href="/wiki/Hortol%C3%A2ndia" title="Hortolândia">Hortolândia, Brazil</a>, in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Products">Products</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Products">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scope_and_brands">Scope and brands</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Scope and brands">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dell_wiki.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Dell_wiki.JPG/220px-Dell_wiki.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Dell_wiki.JPG/330px-Dell_wiki.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Dell_wiki.JPG/440px-Dell_wiki.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Dell's tagline "Yours is Here", as seen at their <a href="/wiki/SM_Mall_of_Asia" title="SM Mall of Asia">Mall of Asia</a> branch in <a href="/wiki/Pasay" title="Pasay">Pasay</a>, Philippines</figcaption></figure> The corporation markets specific brand names to different <a href="/wiki/Market_segment" class="mw-redirect" title="Market segment">market segments</a>. Its Business/Corporate class includes: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dell_OptiPlex" title="Dell OptiPlex">OptiPlex</a> (office <a href="/wiki/Desktop_computer" title="Desktop computer">desktop computer</a> systems)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Dimension" title="Dell Dimension">Dimension</a> (home desktop computer systems)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Vostro" title="Dell Vostro">Vostro</a> (office/small business desktop and <a href="/wiki/Laptop" title="Laptop">notebook</a> systems)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_n_Series" title="Dell n Series">n Series</a> (desktop and notebook computers shipped with <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a> or <a href="/wiki/FreeDOS" title="FreeDOS">FreeDOS</a> installed)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Latitude" title="Dell Latitude">Latitude</a> (business-focused notebooks)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Precision" title="Dell Precision">Precision</a> (<a href="/wiki/Computer_workstation" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer workstation">workstation</a> systems and high-performance "Mobile Workstation" notebooks),<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_PowerEdge" class="mw-redirect" title="Dell PowerEdge">PowerEdge</a> (business servers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_PowerVault" title="Dell PowerVault">PowerVault</a> (direct-attach and <a href="/wiki/Network-attached_storage" title="Network-attached storage">network-attached storage</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force10" title="Force10">Force10</a> (<a href="/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">network switches</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_PowerConnect" title="Dell PowerConnect">PowerConnect</a> (<a href="/wiki/Network_switch" title="Network switch">network switches</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Compellent" class="mw-redirect" title="Dell Compellent">Dell Compellent</a> (<a href="/wiki/Storage_area_network" title="Storage area network">storage area networks</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EqualLogic" title="EqualLogic">EqualLogic</a> (enterprise class <a href="/wiki/ISCSI" title="ISCSI">iSCSI</a> <a href="/wiki/Storage_area_network" title="Storage area network">SANs</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130123095422/http://content.dell.com/us/en/healthcare/healthcare-electronic-medical-records.aspx">Dell EMR</a> (electronic medical records)</li></ul> Dell's Home Office/Consumer class includes: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Inspiron" title="Dell Inspiron">Inspiron</a> (medium-range desktop and notebook computers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_XPS" title="Dell XPS">XPS</a> (high-end desktop and notebook computers)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_G_Series" title="Dell G Series">G Series</a> (high/medium-performance gaming laptops)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alienware" title="Alienware">Alienware</a> (high-performance gaming systems)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Venue" title="Dell Venue">Venue</a> (Tablets Android / Windows)</li></ul> Dell's Peripherals class includes <a href="/wiki/Keydrive" class="mw-redirect" title="Keydrive">USB keydrives</a>, <a href="/wiki/LCD_television" title="LCD television">LCD televisions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Printer_(computing)" title="Printer (computing)">printers</a>; Dell monitors includes <a href="/wiki/LCD" class="mw-redirect" title="LCD">LCD TVs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plasma_display" title="Plasma display">plasma TVs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Video_projector" title="Video projector">projectors</a> for <a href="/wiki/HDTV" class="mw-redirect" title="HDTV">HDTV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer display">monitors</a>. Dell UltraSharp is further a high-end brand of monitors. Dell service and support brands include the Dell Solution Station (extended domestic support services, previously "Dell on Call"), <a href="/wiki/Dell_Support_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Dell Support Center">Dell Support Center</a> (extended support services abroad), Dell Business Support (a commercial service-contract that provides an industry-certified technician with a lower call-volume than in normal queues), Dell Everdream Desktop Management ("<a href="/wiki/Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">Software as a service</a>" <a href="/wiki/Remote-desktop_management" class="mw-redirect" title="Remote-desktop management">remote-desktop management</a>, originally a SaaS company founded by <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a>'s cousin, <a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Rive" title="Lyndon Rive">Lyndon Rive</a>, which Dell bought in 2007<a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a>), and Your Tech Team (a support-queue available to home users who purchased their systems either through Dell's website or through Dell phone-centers). Discontinued products and brands include <a href="/wiki/Dell_Axim" title="Dell Axim">Axim</a> (<a href="/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant">PDA</a>; discontinued April 9, 2007),<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dell_Dimension" title="Dell Dimension">Dimension</a> (home and small office desktop computers; discontinued July 2007), <a href="/wiki/Dell_Digital_Jukebox" title="Dell Digital Jukebox">Dell Digital Jukebox</a> (MP3 player; discontinued August 2006), Dell PowerApp (application-based servers), Dell Optiplex (desktop and tower computers previously supported to run server and desktop operating systems), Dell Unix (an <a href="/wiki/UNIX_System_V" title="UNIX System V">SVR4</a>-based Unix operating system for its Dell-branded PCs and workstations; discontinued in 1993) and Dell Mobile Connect(Windows Mobile application; discontinued July 31, 2022).<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Security">Security</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Security">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Self-signed_root_certificate">Self-signed root certificate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Self-signed root certificate">edit</a>]</div> In November 2015, it emerged that several Dell computers had shipped with an identical pre-installed <a href="/wiki/Root_certificate" title="Root certificate">root certificate</a> known as "eDellRoot".<a href="#cite_note-ars-selfsigned-223">[223]</a> This raised such security risks as attackers impersonating <a href="/wiki/HTTPS" title="HTTPS">HTTPS</a>-protected websites such as <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a> and malware being signed with the certificate to bypass Microsoft software filtering.<a href="#cite_note-ars-selfsigned-223">[223]</a> Dell apologized and offered a removal tool.<a href="#cite_note-ars-removal-224">[224]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dell_Foundation_Services">Dell Foundation Services</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Dell Foundation Services">edit</a>]</div> Also in November 2015, a researcher discovered that customers with diagnostic program Dell Foundation Services could be digitally tracked using the unique service tag number assigned to them by the program.<a href="#cite_note-ars-dfs-225">[225]</a> This was possible even if a customer enabled <a href="/wiki/Private_browsing" title="Private browsing">private browsing</a> and deleted their <a href="/wiki/Browser_cookie" class="mw-redirect" title="Browser cookie">browser cookies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ars-dfs-225">[225]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a> recommended that Dell customers uninstall the program until the issue was addressed.<a href="#cite_note-ars-dfs-225">[225]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commercial_aspects">Commercial aspects</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Commercial aspects">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organization">Organization</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Organization">edit</a>]</div> The board consists of nine directors. Michael Dell, the founder of the company, serves as chairman of the board and chief executive officer. Other board members include <a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Carty" title="Donald J. Carty">Don Carty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judy_Lewent" title="Judy Lewent">Judy Lewent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Klaus_Luft" title="Klaus Luft">Klaus Luft</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alex_J._Mandl" title="Alex J. Mandl">Alex Mandl</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sam_Nunn" title="Sam Nunn">Sam Nunn</a>. <a href="/wiki/Shareholder" title="Shareholder">Shareholders</a> elect the nine board members at meetings, and those board members who do not get a majority of votes must submit a resignation to the board, which will subsequently choose whether or not to accept the resignation. The board of directors usually sets up five committees having oversight over specific matters. These committees include the Audit Committee, which handles accounting issues, including auditing and reporting; the Compensation Committee, which approves compensation for the CEO and other employees of the company; the Finance Committee, which handles financial matters such as proposed mergers and acquisitions; the Governance and Nominating Committee, which handles various corporate matters (including the nomination of the board); and the Antitrust Compliance Committee, which attempts to prevent company practices from violating <a href="/wiki/Antitrust" class="mw-redirect" title="Antitrust">antitrust</a> laws. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Day-to-day operations of the company are run by the Global Executive Management Committee, which sets <a href="/wiki/Strategic_management" title="Strategic management">strategic direction</a>. Dell has regional senior vice-presidents for countries other than the United States.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marketing">Marketing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Marketing">edit</a>]</div> Dell advertisements have appeared in several types of media including television, the Internet, magazines, <a href="/wiki/Mail-order_catalog" class="mw-redirect" title="Mail-order catalog">catalogs</a>, and newspapers. Some of Dell Inc's marketing strategies include lowering prices at all times of the year, free bonus products (such as Dell printers), and free shipping to encourage more sales and stave off competitors. In 2006, Dell cut its prices in an effort to maintain its 19.2% market share. This also cut profit margins by more than half, from 8.7 to 4.3 percent. To maintain its low prices, Dell continues to accept most purchases of its products via the Internet and through the telephone network, and to move its customer-care division to India and <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a>.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a> A popular United States television and print ad campaign in the early 2000s featured the actor <a href="/wiki/Ben_Curtis_(actor)" title="Ben Curtis (actor)">Ben Curtis</a> playing the part of "Steven", a lightly mischievous blond-haired youth who came to the assistance of bereft computer purchasers. Each television advertisement usually ended with Steven's catch-phrase: "Dude, you're gettin' a Dell!"<a href="#cite_note-SlateDell-227">[227]</a> A subsequent advertising campaign featured <a href="/wiki/Intern" class="mw-redirect" title="Intern">interns</a> at Dell headquarters (with Curtis' character appearing in a small cameo at the end of one of the first commercials in this particular campaign). In 2007, Dell switched advertising agencies in the US from <a href="/wiki/BBDO" title="BBDO">BBDO</a> to <a href="/wiki/Working_Mother" title="Working Mother">Working Mother</a> Media. In July 2007, Dell released new advertising created by Working Mother to support the Inspiron and XPS lines. The ads featured music from the <a href="/wiki/The_Flaming_Lips" title="The Flaming Lips">Flaming Lips</a> and <a href="/wiki/Devo" title="Devo">Devo</a> who re-formed especially to record the song in the ad "Work it Out". Also in 2007, Dell began using the slogan "Yours is here" to say that it customizes computers to fit customers' requirements.<a href="#cite_note-engadget-228">[228]</a> Beginning in 2011, Dell began hosting a conference in Austin, Texas, at the Austin Convention Center titled "Dell World". The event featured new technology and services provided by Dell and Dell's partners. In 2011, the event was held October 12–14.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> In 2012, the event was held December 11–13.<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> In 2013, the event was held December 11–13.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a> In 2014, the event was held November 4–6.<a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Dell_partner_program">Dell partner program</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Dell partner program">edit</a>]</div> In late 2007, Dell Inc. announced that it planned to expand its program to <a href="/wiki/Value-added_reseller" title="Value-added reseller">value-added resellers</a> (VARs), giving it the official name of "Dell Partner Direct" and a new Website.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> Dell India has started Online Ecommerce website<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a> with its Dell Partner www.compuindia.com GNG Electronics Pvt Ltd<a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a> termed as Dell Express Ship Affiliate(DESA). The main objective was to reduce the delivery time. Customers who visit Dell India official site are given the option to buy online which then will be redirected to Dell affiliate website compuindia.com.<a href="#cite_note-tech.fortune.cnn.com-206">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Global_analytics">Global analytics</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Global analytics">edit</a>]</div> Dell also operates a captive analytics division which supports pricing, web analytics, and supply chain operations. DGA operates as a single, centralized entity with a global view of Dell's business activities. The firm supports over 500 internal customers worldwide and has created a quantified impact of over $500 million.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Criticisms_of_marketing_of_laptop_security">Criticisms of marketing of laptop security</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Criticisms of marketing of laptop security">edit</a>]</div> In 2008, Dell received press coverage over its claim of having the world's most secure laptops, specifically, its Latitude D630 and Latitude D830.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> At Lenovo's request, the (US) National Advertising Division (NAD) evaluated the claim, and reported that Dell did not have enough evidence to support it.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Retail">Retail</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Retail">edit</a>]</div> Dell first opened their retail stores in India.<a href="#cite_note-tech.fortune.cnn.com-206">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States">United States</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> In the early 1990s, Dell sold its products through <a href="/wiki/Best_Buy" title="Best Buy">Best Buy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Costco" title="Costco">Costco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sam%27s_Club" title="Sam's Club">Sam's Club</a> stores in the United States. Dell stopped this practice in 1994, citing low profit margins on the business, exclusively distributing through a direct-sales model for the next decade. In 2003, Dell briefly sold products in <a href="/wiki/Sears" title="Sears">Sears</a> stores in the US. In 2007, Dell started shipping its products to major retailers in the US once again, starting with <a href="/wiki/Sam%27s_Club" title="Sam's Club">Sam's Club</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Wal-Mart</a>. <a href="/wiki/Staples_Inc." title="Staples Inc.">Staples</a>, the largest office-supply retailer in the US, and Best Buy, the largest electronics retailer in the US, became Dell retail partners later that same year. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Kiosks">Kiosks</h5>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Kiosks">edit</a>]</div> Starting in 2002, Dell opened <a href="/wiki/Kiosk" title="Kiosk">kiosk</a> locations in the United States to allow customers to examine products before buying them directly from the company. Starting in 2005, Dell expanded <a href="/wiki/Kiosk" title="Kiosk">kiosk</a> locations to include shopping malls across Australia, Canada, Singapore and Hong Kong. On January 30, 2008, Dell announced it would shut down all 140 kiosks in the US due to expansion into retail stores.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> By June 3, 2010, Dell had also shut down all of its mall kiosks in Australia.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Retail_stores">Retail stores</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Retail stores">edit</a>]</div> As of the end of February 2008<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit">[update]</a>, Dell products shipped to one of the largest office supply retailers in Canada, <a href="/wiki/Staples_Business_Depot" class="mw-redirect" title="Staples Business Depot">Staples Business Depot</a>. In April 2008, <a href="/wiki/Future_Shop" title="Future Shop">Future Shop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Best_Buy" title="Best Buy">Best Buy</a> began carrying a subset of Dell products, such as certain desktops, laptops, printers, and monitors. Since some shoppers in certain markets show reluctance to purchase technological products through the phone or the Internet, Dell has looked into opening retail operations in some countries in Central Europe and Russia. In April 2007, Dell opened a retail store in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a>. In October of the same year, Dell opened a retail store in Moscow. In the UK, <a href="/wiki/HMV" title="HMV">HMV</a>'s flagship <a href="/wiki/Trocadero_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trocadero (London)">Trocadero</a> store has sold Dell XPS PCs since December 2007. From January 2008 the UK stores of <a href="/wiki/DSG_International_(retailer)" class="mw-redirect" title="DSG International (retailer)">DSGi</a> have sold Dell products (in particular, through <a href="/wiki/Currys" title="Currys">Currys</a> and <a href="/wiki/PC_World_(retailer)" title="PC World (retailer)">PC World</a> stores). As of 2008, the large supermarket chain <a href="/wiki/Tesco" title="Tesco">Tesco</a> has sold Dell laptops and desktops in outlets throughout the UK. In May 2008, Dell reached an agreement with the office supply chain, <a href="/wiki/Officeworks" title="Officeworks">Officeworks</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/Coles_Group" title="Coles Group">Coles Group</a>), to stock a few modified models in the Inspiron desktop and notebook range. These models have slightly different model numbers, but almost replicate the ones available from the Dell Store. Dell continued its retail push in the Australian market with its partnership with Harris Technology (another part of Coles Group) in November of the same year. In addition, Dell expanded its retail distributions in Australia through an agreement with the discount electrical retailer, <a href="/wiki/The_Good_Guys_(Australasia)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Good Guys (Australasia)">The Good Guys</a>, known for "Slashing Prices". Dell agreed to distribute a variety of makes of both desktops and notebooks, including <a href="/wiki/Studio" title="Studio">Studio</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dell_XPS" title="Dell XPS">XPS</a> systems in late 2008. Dell and <a href="/wiki/Dick_Smith_Electronics" class="mw-redirect" title="Dick Smith Electronics">Dick Smith Electronics</a> (owned by <a href="/wiki/Woolworths_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Woolworths Limited">Woolworths Limited</a>) reached an agreement to expand within Dick Smith's 400 stores throughout Australia and New Zealand in May 2009 (1 year since Officeworks—owned by Coles Group—reached a deal). The retailer has agreed to distribute a variety of <a href="/wiki/Inspiron" class="mw-redirect" title="Inspiron">Inspiron</a> and <a href="/wiki/Studio" title="Studio">Studio</a> notebooks, with minimal Studio desktops from the Dell range. As of 2009<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit">[update]</a>, Dell continues to run and operate its various kiosks in 18 shopping centers throughout Australia. On March 31, 2010, Dell announced to Australian Kiosk employees that they were shutting down the Australian/New Zealand Dell kiosk program. In Germany, Dell is selling selected smartphones and notebooks via <a href="/wiki/Media_Markt" class="mw-redirect" title="Media Markt">Media Markt</a> and Saturn, as well as some shopping websites.<a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Competition">Competition</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Competition">edit</a>]</div> Dell's major competitors include <a href="/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a> (HP), <a href="/wiki/Hasee" title="Hasee">Hasee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acer_Inc." title="Acer Inc.">Acer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toshiba" title="Toshiba">Toshiba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gateway,_Inc." title="Gateway, Inc.">Gateway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sony" title="Sony">Sony</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asus" title="Asus">Asus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Micro-Star_International" title="Micro-Star International">MSI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>. Dell and its subsidiary, Alienware, compete in the enthusiast market against AVADirect, <a href="/wiki/Falcon_Northwest" title="Falcon Northwest">Falcon Northwest</a>, <a href="/wiki/VoodooPC" title="VoodooPC">VoodooPC</a> (a subsidiary of HP), and other manufacturers. In the second quarter of 2006, Dell had between 18% and 19% share of the worldwide personal computer market, compared to HP with roughly 15%. In late 2006<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit">[update]</a>, Dell lost its lead in the PC business to Hewlett-Packard. Both <a href="/wiki/Gartner" title="Gartner">Gartner</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Data_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="International Data Corporation">IDC</a> estimated that in the third quarter of 2006, HP shipped more units<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> worldwide than Dell did. Dell's 3.6% growth paled in comparison to HP's 15% growth during the same period. The problem got worse in the fourth quarter, when Gartner estimated<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> that Dell PC shipments declined 8.9% (versus HP's 23.9% growth). As a result, at the end of 2006 Dell's overall PC market share stood at 13.9% (versus HP's 17.4%). IDC reported that Dell lost more server market share than any of the top four competitors in that arena. IDC's Q4 2006 estimates show Dell's share of the server market at 8.1%, down from 9.5% in the previous year. This represents an 8.8% loss year-over-year, primarily to competitors EMC and IBM. As of 2021, Dell is the third-largest PC manufacturer after Lenovo and HP.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partnership_with_EMC">Partnership with EMC</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Partnership with EMC">edit</a>]</div> In 2001, Dell and EMC entered into a partnership whereby both companies jointly design products, and Dell provided support for certain EMC products including midrange storage systems, such as <a href="/wiki/Fibre_channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibre channel">fibre channel</a> and <a href="/wiki/ISCSI" title="ISCSI">iSCSI</a> <a href="/wiki/Storage_area_network" title="Storage area network">storage area networks</a>. The relationship also promotes and sells OEM versions of backup, recovery, replication and archiving software.<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> On December 9, 2008, Dell and EMC announced the multi-year extension, through 2013, of the strategic partnership with EMC. In addition, Dell expanded its product lineup by adding the EMC Celerra NX4 storage system to the portfolio of Dell/EMC family of networked storage systems and partnered on a new line of <a href="/wiki/Data_deduplication" title="Data deduplication">data deduplication</a> products as part of its TierDisk family of <a href="/wiki/Data_storage_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Data storage device">data storage devices</a>.<a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a> On October 17, 2011, Dell discontinued reselling all EMC storage products, ending the partnership 2 years early.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> Later Dell would acquire and merge with EMC in the largest tech merger to date. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environmental_record">Environmental record</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Environmental record">edit</a>]</div> Dell committed to reducing greenhouse gas emissions from its global activities by 40% by 2015, with the 2008 fiscal year as the baseline year.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> It is listed in <a href="/wiki/Greenpeace" title="Greenpeace">Greenpeace</a>'s Guide to Greener Electronics that scores leading electronics manufacturers according to their policies on sustainability, <a href="/wiki/Climate_and_energy" title="Climate and energy">climate and energy</a> and how green their products are. In November 2011, Dell ranked 2nd out of 15 listed electronics makers (increasing its score to 5.1 from 4.9, which it gained in the previous ranking from October 2010).<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> Dell was the first company to publicly state a timeline for the elimination of toxic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs), which it planned to phase out by the end of 2009. It revised this commitment and now aims to remove toxics by the end of 2011 but only in its computing products.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> In March 2010, Greenpeace activists protested at Dell offices in Bangalore, Amsterdam and Copenhagen calling for Dell's founder and CEO Michael Dell to "drop the toxics" and claiming that Dell's aspiration to be 'the greenest technology company on the planet'<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a> was "hypocritical".<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> Dell has launched its first products completely free of PVC and BFRs with the G-Series monitors (G2210 and G2410) in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> In its 2012 report on progress relating to <a href="/wiki/Conflict_minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Conflict minerals">conflict minerals</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Enough_Project" title="Enough Project">Enough Project</a> rated Dell the eighth-highest of 24 consumer electronics companies.<a href="#cite_note-EnoughProject2012-255">[255]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Green_initiatives">Green initiatives</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Green initiatives">edit</a>]</div> Dell became the first company in the <a href="/wiki/Information_technology_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Information technology industry">information technology industry</a> to establish a product-<a href="/wiki/Recycling" title="Recycling">recycling</a> goal (in 2004) and completed the implementation of its global consumer recycling-program in 2006.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> On February 6, 2007, the National Recycling Coalition awarded Dell its "Recycling Works" award for efforts to promote producer responsibility.<a href="#cite_note-National_Recycling_Coalition-257">[257]</a> On July 19, 2007, Dell announced that it had exceeded targets in working to achieve a multi-year goal of recovering 275 million pounds of computer equipment by 2009. The company reported the recovery of 78 million pounds (nearly 40,000 tons) of IT equipment from customers in 2006, a 93-percent increase over 2005; and 12.4% of the equipment Dell sold seven years earlier.<a href="#cite_note-Dell_Inc.-258">[258]</a> On June 5, 2007, Dell set a goal of becoming the greenest technology company on Earth for the long term.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a> The company launched a <a href="/wiki/Zero-carbon" class="mw-redirect" title="Zero-carbon">zero-carbon</a> initiative that includes: <ol><li>reducing Dell's <a href="/wiki/Carbon_intensity" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon intensity">carbon intensity</a> by 15 percent by 2012</li> <li>requiring primary suppliers to report carbon emissions data during quarterly business reviews</li> <li>partnering with customers to build the "greenest PC on the planet"</li> <li>expanding the company's carbon-offsetting program, "Plant a Tree for Me"</li></ol> Dell reports its environmental performance in an annual <a href="/wiki/Corporate_Social_Responsibility" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate Social Responsibility">Corporate Social Responsibility</a> (CSR) Report that follows the <a href="/wiki/Global_Reporting_Initiative" title="Global Reporting Initiative">Global Reporting Initiative</a> (GRI) protocol. Dell's 2008 CSR report ranked as "Application Level B" as "checked by GRI".<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a> The company aims to reduce its external environmental impact through an energy-efficient evolution of products, and also reduce its direct operational impact through energy-efficiency programs.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Criticism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lawsuits_involving_Dell_Inc." title="Lawsuits involving Dell Inc.">Lawsuits involving Dell Inc.</a></div> In the 1990s, Dell switched from using primarily <a href="/wiki/ATX" title="ATX">ATX</a> <a href="/wiki/Motherboard" title="Motherboard">motherboards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Computer_power_supply" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer power supply">PSU</a> to using boards and power supplies with mechanically identical but differently wired connectors. This meant customers wishing to upgrade their hardware would have to replace parts with scarce Dell-compatible parts instead of commonly available parts. While motherboard power connections reverted to the industry standard in 2003, Dell remains secretive about their motherboard pin-outs for peripherals (such as MMC readers and power on/off switches and LEDs).<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> In 2005, complaints about Dell more than doubled to 1,533, after earnings grew 52% that year.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> In 2006, Dell acknowledged that it had problems with customer service. Issues included call transfers<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> of more than 45% of calls and long wait times. Dell's <a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">blog</a> detailed the response: "We're spending more than a $100 million—and a lot of blood, sweat, and tears of talented people—to fix this."<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> Later in the year, the company increased its spending on customer service to $150 million.<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> Since 2018, Dell has seen significant increase in consumer satisfaction. Moreover, their customer service has been praised for its prompt and accurate answers to most questions, especially those directed to their social media support.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> On August 17, 2007, Dell Inc. announced that after an internal investigation into its accounting practices it would restate and reduce earnings from 2003 through to the first quarter of 2007 by a total amount of between $50 million and $150 million, or 2 cents to 7 cents per share.<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> The investigation, begun in November 2006, resulted from concerns raised by the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a> over some documents and information that Dell Inc. had submitted.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> It was alleged that Dell had not disclosed large exclusivity payments received from <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> for agreeing not to buy processors from rival manufacturer <a href="/wiki/AMD" title="AMD">AMD</a>. In 2010 Dell finally paid $100 million (equivalent to $136,400,000 in 2023) to settle the SEC's charges of fraud. Michael Dell and other executives also paid penalties and suffered other sanctions, without admitting or denying the charges.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a> In July 2009, Dell apologized after drawing the ire of the Taiwanese Consumer Protection Commission for twice refusing to honor a flood of orders against unusually low prices offered on its Taiwanese website. In the first instance, Dell offered a 19" LCD panel for $15. In the second instance, Dell offered its Latitude E4300 notebook at NT$18,558 (US$580), 70% lower than the usual price of NT$60,900 (US$1900). Concerning the E4300, rather than honor the discount taking a significant loss, the firm withdrew orders and offered a voucher of up to NT$20,000 (US$625) a customer in compensation. The consumer rights authorities in Taiwan fined Dell NT$1 million (US$31250) for customer rights infringements. Many consumers sued the firm for unfair compensation. A court in southern Taiwan ordered the firm to deliver 18 laptops and 76 flat-panel monitors to 31 consumers for NT$490,000 (US$15,120), less than a third of the normal price.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a> The court said the event could hardly be regarded as mistakes, as the prestigious firm said the company mispriced its products twice on its Taiwanese website within 3 weeks.<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> After Michael Dell made a $24.4 billion buyout bid in August 2013 (equivalent to $31,470,000,000 in 2023), activist shareholder <a href="/wiki/Carl_Icahn" title="Carl Icahn">Carl Icahn</a> sued the company and its board in an attempt to derail the bid and promote his own forthcoming offer.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> In 2020, the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Strategic_Policy_Institute" title="Australian Strategic Policy Institute">Australian Strategic Policy Institute</a> accused at least 82 major brands, including Dell, of being connected to forced <a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghur</a> labor in <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a>.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/19px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/29px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/38px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/19px-Telecom-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/29px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Telecom-icon.svg/38px-Telecom-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Telecommunication" title="Portal:Telecommunication">Telecommunication</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/19px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/29px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Nuvola_apps_ksim.png/38px-Nuvola_apps_ksim.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Electronics" title="Portal:Electronics">Electronics</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/19px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/30px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/39px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dell_laptops" class="mw-redirect" title="Dell laptops">Dell laptops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_system_manufacturers" title="List of computer system manufacturers">List of computer system manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dell_ownership_activities" title="List of Dell ownership activities">List of Dell ownership activities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Configurator" title="Configurator">Configurator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_customization" title="Mass customization">Mass customization</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120119113923/http://content.dell.com/us/en/corp/about-dell.aspx?c=us&l=en&s=corp">"Dell Company Profile"</a>. 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Retrieved March 8, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dell+Inc%2C+Form+10-Q%2C+Quarterly+Report%2C+Filing+Date+May+31%2C+2012&rft.pub=secdatabase.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpdf.secdatabase.com%2F2772%2F0000826083-12-000011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> Businesswire: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20120509005671/en/Dell-Completes-Acquisition-Security-Leader-SonicWALL">Dell completes acquisition SonicWall</a>, May 9, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> USA Today, page B1, published March 14, 2008, "Dell buys security specialist SonicWall" </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> InformationAge.com website: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.information-age.com/channels/data-centre-and-it-infrastructure/news/2096693/dell-buys-thin-client-market-leader-wyse.thtml">Dell buys thin client market leader Wyse</a>, April 2, 2012. Visited: April 3, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> Dell press-release <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.dell.com/us/en/corp/d/secure/2012-04-02-dell-acquisitions-clerity-solutions.aspx">Dell Acquires Clerity Solutions, Launching New Applications Modernization Services</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120403165051/http://content.dell.com/us/en/corp/d/secure/2012-04-02-dell-acquisitions-clerity-solutions.aspx">Archived</a> April 3, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, April 3, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-Dell-Inc-Jul-2012-8-K-175"><a href="#cite_ref-Dell-Inc-Jul-2012-8-K_175-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://edgar.secdatabase.com/2572/119312512291776/filing-main.htm">"Dell Inc, Form 8-K, Current Report, Filing Date Jul 2, 2012"</a>. secdatabase.com. 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Retrieved July 11, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Dell+ponies+up+%242.4B+to+buy+Quest+Software&rft.date=2012-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fdell-ponies-up-24b-to-buy-quest-software%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> Dell official pressrelease: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.dell.com/us/en/corp/d/secure/2012-09-28-dell-acquisition-quest-software.aspx">Dell completes acquisition of Quest software</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121103121318/http://content.dell.com/us/en/corp/d/secure/2012-09-28-dell-acquisition-quest-software.aspx">Archived</a> November 3, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, September 28, 2012. Visited: November 1, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> Dell Pressreleases: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.dell.com/us/en/corp/d/secure/2012-11-16-dell-acquisitions-gale-technologies.aspx">Dell Acquires Gale Technologies, a Leading Provider of Infrastructure Automation Solutions</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121119213359/http://content.dell.com/us/en/corp/d/secure/2012-11-16-dell-acquisitions-gale-technologies.aspx">Archived</a> November 19, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, November 16, 2012. Visited: November 28, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> Dell press-release: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.dell.com/us/en/corp/d/secure/2012-12-18-dell-acquisition-credant-technologies.aspx">Dell reaches agreement for acquiring Credant Technologies</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130102221245/http://content.dell.com/us/en/corp/d/secure/2012-12-18-dell-acquisition-credant-technologies.aspx">Archived</a> January 2, 2013, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, December 18, 2012. Visited: December 26, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> informationweek.com: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informationweek.com/hardware/data-centers/6-dell-storylines-to-watch-in-2013/240145028?pgno=1">6 Dell storylines to watch in 2013</a>, December 20, 2012. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.accountancyage.com/accountancyage/news/2266948/dell-pays-100m-penalty-settle">the original</a> on July 25, 2010. Retrieved July 23, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Accountancy+Age&rft.atitle=Dell+pays+%24100m+penalty+to+settle+accounting+fraud+charges&rft.date=2010-07-23&rft.aulast=Reed&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.accountancyage.com%2Faccountancyage%2Fnews%2F2266948%2Fdell-pays-100m-penalty-settle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/biz/archives/2010/06/07/2003474881">Dell loses Taiwan consumer lawsuit: report</a>, June 7, 2010. Visited: October 28, 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> Taiwanese lawsuit: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jirs.judicial.gov.tw/FJUD/PrintFJUD03_0.aspx?jrecno=98%2c%e8%a8%b4%2c1009%2c20100531%2c2&v_court=TND+%e8%87%ba%e7%81%a3%e8%87%ba%e5%8d%97%e5%9c%b0%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e9%99%a2&v_sys=V&jyear=98&jcase=%e8%a8%b4&jno=1009&jdate=990531&jcheck=2">full-text verdict</a>. Retrieved October 28, 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPoornima_GuptaEdwin_Chan2013" class="citation news cs1">Poornima Gupta; Edwin Chan (August 1, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-dell-icahn-idUSBRE97012520130802">"Icahn sues Dell in latest attempt to foil buyout"</a>. Reuters.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Icahn+sues+Dell+in+latest+attempt+to+foil+buyout&rft.date=2013-08-01&rft.au=Poornima+Gupta&rft.au=Edwin+Chan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-dell-icahn-idUSBRE97012520130802&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADell" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFXuCaveLeiboldMunro2020" class="citation web cs1">Xu, Vicky Xiuzhong; Cave, Danielle; Leibold, James; Munro, Kelsey; Ruser, Nathan (March 1, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aspi.org.au/report/uyghurs-sale">"Uyghurs for Sale"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Strategic_Policy_Institute" title="Australian Strategic Policy Institute">Australian Strategic Policy Institute</a>. Retrieved March 17, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Uyghurs+for+Sale&rft.pub=Australian+Strategic+Policy+Institute&rft.date=2020-03-01&rft.aulast=Xu&rft.aufirst=Vicky+Xiuzhong&rft.au=Cave%2C+Danielle&rft.au=Leibold%2C+James&rft.au=Munro%2C+Kelsey&rft.au=Ruser%2C+Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aspi.org.au%2Freport%2Fuyghurs-sale&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADell" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hoovers.com/Dell/--ID__13193--/free-co-factsheet.xhtml">Dell Company Information</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dell" title="Michael Dell">Michael Dell</a>, Catherine Fredman, Direct From Dell, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88730-914-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-88730-914-3">0-88730-914-3</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSerwer2005" class="citation news cs1">Serwer, Andy (November 28, 2005). "Dell's Midlife Crisis". <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a>. pp. 63–66.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=Dell%27s+Midlife+Crisis&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E63-%3C%2Fspan%3E66&rft.date=2005-11-28&rft.aulast=Serwer&rft.aufirst=Andy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADell" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/mostadmired/industries/industry_114.html">Dell as the seventh-most-admired computer company in the USA</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/mostadmired/">eighth overall</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/globalmostadmired/top50/">and seventh worldwide</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a>, Most Admired Companies 2006.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>, August 21, 2003, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/3169407.stm">Dell makes grab for market share</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>, January 20, 2001, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/technology/2003-01-19-Dell-cover_x.htm">Dell business model turns to muscle as rivals struggle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubuntu_Forums" title="Ubuntu Forums">Ubuntu Forums</a>, June 7, 2007, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091007032518/http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=465723&highlight=dellbuntu">Dell's with Ubuntu called Dellbuntu</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dell&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: External 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<li><a href="/wiki/Dell_EMC" title="Dell EMC">Dell EMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VMware" title="VMware">VMware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Servers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PowerEdge" title="PowerEdge">PowerEdge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dell_M1000e" title="Dell M1000e">M1000e blade-system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerEdge_VRTX" title="PowerEdge VRTX">VRTX</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_PowerVault" title="Dell PowerVault">PowerVault</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dell_Networking" title="Dell Networking">Dell Networking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>H series</li> <li>N series</li> <li>S series</li> <li>Z-series</li></ul> <ul><li>Discontinued: <a href="/wiki/Dell_PowerConnect" title="Dell PowerConnect">PowerConnect switches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personal computers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Home/home office</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alienware" title="Alienware">Alienware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Inspiron" title="Dell Inspiron">Inspiron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_XPS" title="Dell XPS">XPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_G_Series" title="Dell G Series">G Series</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Business</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Vostro" title="Dell Vostro">Vostro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Latitude" title="Dell Latitude">Latitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Precision" title="Dell Precision">Precision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_OptiPlex" title="Dell OptiPlex">OptiPlex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li>Discontinued: <a href="/wiki/Dell_Adamo" title="Dell Adamo">Adamo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Dimension" title="Dell Dimension">Dimension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Inspiron_Mini_Series" title="Dell Inspiron Mini Series">Inspiron Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Studio" title="Dell Studio">Studio</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Thin clients</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_FX100" class="mw-redirect" title="Dell FX100">FX100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Wyse" class="mw-redirect" title="Dell Wyse">Dell Wyse</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Monitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Dell monitors <ul><li>UltraSharp</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Smartphones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Discontinued: <a href="/wiki/Dell_Streak" title="Dell Streak">Streak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Venue_Pro" title="Dell Venue Pro">Venue Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Venue" title="Dell Venue">Venue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Digital_Jukebox" title="Dell Digital Jukebox">Digital Jukebox (DJ)</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Dell_ownership_activities" title="List of Dell ownership activities">Acquisitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Alienware" title="Alienware">Alienware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppAssure" title="AppAssure">AppAssure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compellent_Technologies" title="Compellent Technologies">Compellent Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boomi,_LP" title="Boomi, LP">Boomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_EMC" title="Dell EMC">EMC Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EqualLogic" title="EqualLogic">EqualLogic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force10" title="Force10">Force10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocarina_Networks" title="Ocarina Networks">Ocarina Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perot_Systems" title="Perot Systems">Perot Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pivotal_Software" title="Pivotal Software">Pivotal Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quest_KACE" title="Quest KACE">Quest KACE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secureworks" title="Secureworks">Secureworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SonicWall" title="SonicWall">SonicWall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtustream" title="Virtustream">Virtustream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyse" title="Wyse">Wyse</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Dell" title="Michael Dell">Michael Dell</a> (founder)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Axim" title="Dell Axim">Axim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Support_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Dell Support Center">Dell Support Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Diamond" title="Dell Diamond">Dell Diamond</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Links_to_related_articles92" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Links_to_related_articles92" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Links to related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Austin288" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Austin,_Texas" title="Template:Austin, Texas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Austin,_Texas" title="Template talk:Austin, Texas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Austin,_Texas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Austin, Texas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Austin288" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">City of Austin</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Slogan: Live Music Capital of the World</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attractions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Zoo" title="Austin Zoo">Austin Zoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circuit_of_the_Americas" title="Circuit of the Americas">Circuit of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darrell_K_Royal%E2%80%93Texas_Memorial_Stadium" title="Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium">Darrell K Royal–Texas Memorial Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_Diamond" title="Dell Diamond">Dell Diamond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driskill_Hotel" title="Driskill Hotel">Driskill Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Erwin_Center" title="Frank Erwin Center">Frank Erwin Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NLand" title="NLand">NLand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Capitol" title="Texas State Capitol">State Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Governor%27s_Mansion" title="Texas Governor's Mansion">Texas Governor's Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_Oak_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Treaty Oak (Austin, Texas)">Treaty Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UFCU_Disch%E2%80%93Falk_Field" title="UFCU Disch–Falk Field">UFCU Disch-Falk Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Main_Building_(University_of_Texas_at_Austin)" title="Main Building (University of Texas at Austin)">University of Texas Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zach_Theatre" title="Zach Theatre">Zach Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Austin,_Texas" title="History of Austin, Texas">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Waller_Plan" title="Waller Plan">1839 city plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_Austin_city_plan" title="1928 Austin city plan">1928 city plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Dam_failure_(Texas)" title="Austin Dam failure (Texas)">Austin Dam failure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Capitol_View_Corridors" title="Texas Capitol View Corridors">Capitol View Corridors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Austin,_Texas" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Austin, Texas">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Legation,_Texas" title="French Legation, Texas">French Legation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Austin" title="Greater Austin">Greater Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_F._Austin" title="Stephen F. Austin">Stephen F. Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Archive_War" title="Texas Archive War">Texas Archive War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Austin,_Texas" title="Timeline of Austin, Texas">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_Oak_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Treaty Oak (Austin, Texas)">Treaty Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterloo, Texas">Waterloo, Texas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tertiary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Community_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin Community College">Austin Community College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordia_University_Texas" title="Concordia University Texas">Concordia University Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huston%E2%80%93Tillotson_University" title="Huston–Tillotson University">Huston–Tillotson University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Edward%27s_University" title="St. Edward's University">St. Edward's University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Texas_at_Austin" title="University of Texas at Austin">The University of Texas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">School districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Independent_School_District" title="Austin Independent School District">Austin ISD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Austin_ISD_Schools" title="Template:Austin ISD Schools">template</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Valle_Independent_School_District" title="Del Valle Independent School District">Del Valle ISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eanes_Independent_School_District" title="Eanes Independent School District">Eanes ISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hays_Consolidated_Independent_School_District" title="Hays Consolidated Independent School District">Hays CISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leander_Independent_School_District" title="Leander Independent School District">Leander ISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Travis_Independent_School_District" title="Lake Travis Independent School District">Lake Travis ISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manor_Independent_School_District" title="Manor Independent School District">Manor ISD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pflugerville_Independent_School_District" title="Pflugerville Independent School District">Pflugerville ISD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas_School_for_the_Blind_and_Visually_Impaired" title="Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired">Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_School_for_the_Deaf" title="Texas School for the Deaf">Texas School for the Deaf</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Closed6" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Blind,_Deaf,_and_Orphan_School" title="Texas Blind, Deaf, and Orphan School">Texas Blind, Deaf, and Orphan School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Public_Library" title="Austin Public Library">Austin Public Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_de_Zavala_State_Archives_and_Library_Building" title="Lorenzo de Zavala State Archives and Library Building">Lorenzo de Zavala State Archives and Library Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Hall_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Austin City Hall (Austin, Texas)">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Mabry" title="Camp Mabry">Camp Mabry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Council" title="Austin City Council">City Council</a> (<a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Council_District_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin City Council District 1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Council_District_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin City Council District 2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Council_District_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin City Council District 3">3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Council_District_4" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin City Council District 4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Council_District_5" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin City Council District 5">5</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Council_District_6" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin City Council District 6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Council_District_7" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin City Council District 7">7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Council_District_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin City Council District 8">8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Council_District_9" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin City Council District 9">9</a>,<a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Council_District_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Austin City Council District 10">10</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Fire_Department" title="Austin Fire Department">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Public_Health" title="Austin Public Health">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Police_Department" title="Austin Police Department">Police</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amy%27s_Ice_Creams" title="Amy's Ice Creams">Amy's Ice Creams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golfsmith" title="Golfsmith">Golfsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keller_Williams_Realty" title="Keller Williams Realty">Keller Williams Realty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlotzsky%27s" title="Schlotzsky's">Schlotzsky's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torchy%27s_Tacos" title="Torchy's Tacos">Torchy's Tacos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whole_Foods_Market" title="Whole Foods Market">Whole Foods Market</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Creative arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alamo_Drafthouse_Cinema" title="Alamo Drafthouse Cinema">Alamo Drafthouse Cinema</a>/<a href="/wiki/Drafthouse_Films" title="Drafthouse Films">Drafthouse Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Film_Society" title="Austin Film Society">Austin Film Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collings_Guitars" title="Collings Guitars">Collings Guitars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devolver_Digital" title="Devolver Digital">Devolver Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunfire_Games" title="Gunfire Games">Gunfire Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Sanctum_Records" title="Inner Sanctum Records">Inner Sanctum Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powerhouse_Animation_Studios" title="Powerhouse Animation Studios">Powerhouse Animation Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retro_Studios" title="Retro Studios">Retro Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooster_Teeth" title="Rooster Teeth">Rooster Teeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troublemaker_Studios" title="Troublemaker Studios">Troublemaker Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Records" title="Waterloo Records">Waterloo Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Vinyl" title="Western Vinyl">Western Vinyl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Technology_Development_Facility" title="Advanced Technology Development Facility">Advanced Technology Development Facility (ATDF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirrus_Logic" title="Cirrus Logic">Cirrus Logic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freescale_Semiconductor" title="Freescale Semiconductor">Freescale Semiconductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminex_Corporation" title="Luminex Corporation">Luminex Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microelectronics_and_Computer_Technology_Corporation" title="Microelectronics and Computer Technology Corporation">MCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Instruments" title="National Instruments">National Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Labs" title="Silicon Labs">Silicon Labs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valence_Technology" title="Valence Technology">Valence Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_History_Center" title="Austin History Center">Austin History Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Museum_of_Digital_Art" title="Austin Museum of Digital Art">Austin Museum of Digital Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Museum_of_Popular_Culture" title="Austin Museum of Popular Culture">Austin Museum of Popular Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanton_Museum_of_Art" title="Blanton Museum of Art">Blanton Museum of Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullock_Texas_State_History_Museum" title="Bullock Texas State History Museum">Bullock Texas State History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Contemporary_Austin" title="The Contemporary Austin">The Contemporary Austin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jones_Center_on_Congress_Avenue" title="Jones Center on Congress Avenue">Jones Center on Congress Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laguna_Gloria" title="Laguna Gloria">Laguna Gloria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolph_Briscoe_Center_for_American_History" title="Dolph Briscoe Center for American History">Dolph Briscoe Center for American History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabet_Ney_Museum" title="Elisabet Ney Museum">Elisabet Ney Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Legation,_Texas" title="French Legation, Texas">French Legation Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Carver_Museum_and_Cultural_Center" title="George Washington Carver Museum and Cultural Center">George Washington Carver Museum and Cultural Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Ransom_Center" title="Harry Ransom Center">Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southgate%E2%80%93Lewis_House" title="Southgate–Lewis House">Jacob Fontaine Religious Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Johnson_Wildflower_Center" title="Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center">Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyndon_Baines_Johnson_Library_and_Museum" title="Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum">Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexic-Arte_Museum" title="Mexic-Arte Museum">Mexic-Arte Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neill%E2%80%93Cochran_House" title="Neill–Cochran House">Neill-Cochran House Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Sidney_Porter_House" title="William Sidney Porter House">O. Henry Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Military_Forces_Museum" title="Texas Military Forces Museum">Texas Military Forces Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Science_and_Natural_History_Museum" title="Texas Science and Natural History Museum">Texas Science and Natural History Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Land_Office_Building_(Austin,_Texas)" title="General Land Office Building (Austin, Texas)">Texas State Capitol Visitors Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umlauf_Sculpture_Garden_and_Museum" title="Umlauf Sculpture Garden and Museum">Umlauf Sculpture Garden and Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_Their_Work" title="Women and Their Work">Women and Their Work</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Austin,_Texas" title="Music of Austin, Texas">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clifford_Antone" title="Clifford Antone">Antone's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armadillo_World_Headquarters" title="Armadillo World Headquarters">Armadillo World Headquarters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_City_Limits" title="Austin City Limits">Austin City Limits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Opera" title="Austin Opera">Austin Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Austin Symphony Orchestra">Austin Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinematic_Symphony" title="Cinematic Symphony">Cinematic Symphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emo%27s" title="Emo's">Emo's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germania_Insurance_Amphitheater" title="Germania Insurance Amphitheater">Germania Insurance Amphitheater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_by_Southwest" title="South by Southwest">South by Southwest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Austin_neighborhoods" title="List of Austin neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allandale,_Austin,_Texas" title="Allandale, Austin, Texas">Allandale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anderson_Mill,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Anderson Mill, Texas">Anderson Mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barton_Hills,_Austin,_Texas" title="Barton Hills, Austin, Texas">Barton Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackland,_Austin,_Texas" title="Blackland, Austin, Texas">Blackland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouldin_Creek,_Austin,_Texas" title="Bouldin Creek, Austin, Texas">Bouldin Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremond_Block_Historic_District_(Austin,_Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bremond Block Historic District (Austin, Texas)">Bremond Block Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brentwood,_Austin,_Texas" title="Brentwood, Austin, Texas">Brentwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryker_Woods,_Austin,_Texas" title="Bryker Woods, Austin, Texas">Bryker Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canyon_Creek,_Austin,_Texas" title="Canyon Creek, Austin, Texas">Canyon Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Austin" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinatown, Austin">Chinatown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_C_Ranch" title="Circle C Ranch">Circle C Ranch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarksville_Historic_District_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Clarksville Historic District (Austin, Texas)">Clarksville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Avenue_Historic_District" title="Congress Avenue Historic District">Congress Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copperfield,_Austin,_Texas" title="Copperfield, Austin, Texas">Copperfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crestview,_Austin,_Texas" title="Crestview, Austin, Texas">Crestview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dawson,_Austin,_Texas" title="Dawson, Austin, Texas">Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dove_Springs,_Austin,_Texas" title="Dove Springs, Austin, Texas">Dove Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Austin" title="Downtown Austin">Downtown Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Drag (Austin, Texas)">The Drag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Cesar_Chavez,_Austin,_Texas" title="East Cesar Chavez, Austin, Texas">East Cesar Chavez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Riverside-Oltorf,_Austin,_Texas" title="East Riverside-Oltorf, Austin, Texas">East Riverside-Oltorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easton_Park" title="Easton Park">Easton Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Place,_Austin_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="French Place, Austin Texas">French Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galindo,_Austin,_Texas" title="Galindo, Austin, Texas">Galindo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granada_Hills,_Austin,_Texas" title="Granada Hills, Austin, Texas">Granada Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancock,_Austin,_Texas" title="Hancock, Austin, Texas">Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde_Park_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Hyde Park (Austin, Texas)">Hyde Park Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jollyville,_Texas" title="Jollyville, Texas">Jollyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montopolis,_Austin,_Texas" title="Montopolis, Austin, Texas">Montopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moore%27s_Crossing_Historic_District" title="Moore's Crossing Historic District">Moore's Crossing Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mueller_Community" title="Mueller Community">Mueller Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Burnet%E2%80%93Gateway,_Austin,_Texas" title="North Burnet–Gateway, Austin, Texas">North Burnet–Gateway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Shoal_Creek,_Austin,_Texas" title="North Shoal Creek, Austin, Texas">North Shoal Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Hills,_Austin,_Texas" title="Northwest Hills, Austin, Texas">Northwest Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oak_Hill,_Austin,_Texas" title="Oak Hill, Austin, Texas">Oak Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_West_Austin_Historic_District" title="Old West Austin Historic District">Old West Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_Creek,_Austin,_Texas" title="Onion Creek, Austin, Texas">Onion Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pemberton_Heights,_Austin,_Texas" title="Pemberton Heights, Austin, Texas">Pemberton Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainey_Street_Historic_District" title="Rainey Street Historic District">Rainey Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosedale,_Austin,_Texas" title="Rosedale, Austin, Texas">Rosedale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John,_Austin,_Texas" title="Saint John, Austin, Texas">Saint John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scenic_Brook,_Austin,_Texas" title="Scenic Brook, Austin, Texas">Scenic Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadow_Lawn_Historic_District_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Shadow Lawn Historic District (Austin, Texas)">Shadow Lawn Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Street_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Sixth Street (Austin, Texas)">Sixth Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Congress" title="South Congress">South Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Lamar,_Austin,_Texas" title="South Lamar, Austin, Texas">South Lamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_River_City,_Austin,_Texas" title="South River City, Austin, Texas">South River City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyglass-Barton%27s_Bluff,_Austin,_Texas" title="Spyglass-Barton's Bluff, Austin, Texas">Spyglass-Barton's Bluff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Hill_Historic_District" title="Swedish Hill Historic District">Swedish Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarrytown,_Austin,_Texas" title="Tarrytown, Austin, Texas">Tarrytown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travis_Heights,_Austin,_Texas" title="Travis Heights, Austin, Texas">Travis Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waters_Park,_Texas" title="Waters Park, Texas">Waters Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Campus,_Austin,_Texas" title="West Campus, Austin, Texas">West Campus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westgate,_Austin,_Texas" title="Westgate, Austin, Texas">Westgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Line_Historic_District_(Austin,_Texas)" title="West Line Historic District (Austin, Texas)">West Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow-Spence_Streets_Historic_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Willow-Spence Streets Historic District">Willow-Spence Streets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Hills,_Austin,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Windsor Hills, Austin, Texas">Windsor Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Park,_Austin,_Texas" title="Windsor Park, Austin, Texas">Windsor Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wooten,_Austin,_Texas" title="Wooten, Austin, Texas">Wooten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zilker,_Austin,_Texas" title="Zilker, Austin, Texas">Zilker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks and recreation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auditorium_Shores" title="Auditorium Shores">Auditorium Shores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barton_Creek_Greenbelt" title="Barton Creek Greenbelt">Barton Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barton_Springs" title="Barton Springs">Barton Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Walnut_Creek_Nature_Preserve" title="Big Walnut Creek Nature Preserve">Big Walnut Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bull_Creek_District_Park" title="Bull Creek District Park">Bull Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_(Texas)" title="Colorado River (Texas)">Colorado River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_Eddy_Pool" title="Deep Eddy Pool">Deep Eddy Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Long_Metropolitan_Park" title="Emma Long Metropolitan Park">Emma Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippie_Hollow_Park" title="Hippie Hollow Park">Hippie Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Lake" title="Lady Bird Lake">Lady Bird Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Austin" title="Lake Austin">Lake Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Travis" title="Lake Travis">Lake Travis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Walter_E._Long" title="Lake Walter E. Long">Lake Walter E. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKinney_Falls_State_Park" title="McKinney Falls State Park">McKinney Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Bonnell" title="Mount Bonnell">Mount Bonnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pease_Park" title="Pease Park">Pease Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_Square_(Austin)" title="Republic Square (Austin)">Republic Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosewood_Park_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Rosewood Park (Austin, Texas)">Rosewood Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut_Creek_Metropolitan_Park" title="Walnut Creek Metropolitan Park">Walnut Creek Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Basin_Wilderness_Preserve" title="Wild Basin Wilderness Preserve">Wild Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zilker_Park" title="Zilker Park">Zilker Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Public</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin%E2%80%93Bergstrom_International_Airport" title="Austin–Bergstrom International Airport">Austin–Bergstrom International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CapMetro" title="CapMetro">CapMetro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CapMetro_Bus" title="CapMetro Bus">CapMetro Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CapMetro_Rail" title="CapMetro Rail">CapMetro Rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CapMetro_Rapid" title="CapMetro Rapid">CapMetro Rapid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Area_Rural_Transportation_System" title="Capital Area Rural Transportation System">Capital Area Rural Transportation System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Freeways</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_Loop_1" title="Texas State Highway Loop 1">MoPac Expressway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interstate_35_in_Texas#Austin" title="Interstate 35 in Texas">Interstate 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_130" title="Texas State Highway 130">Pickle Parkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_State_Highway_71#Austin" title="Texas State Highway 71">SH 71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_290#Austin" title="U.S. Route 290">US 290</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_183_in_Texas" title="U.S. Route 183 in Texas">US 183</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Avenue_Historic_District" title="Congress Avenue Historic District">Congress Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drag_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Drag (Austin, Texas)">Guadalupe Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Street_(Austin,_Texas)" title="Sixth Street (Austin, Texas)">Sixth Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bridges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ann_W._Richards_Congress_Avenue_Bridge" title="Ann W. Richards Congress Avenue Bridge">Ann W. Richards Congress Avenue Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Boulevard_Bridge" title="Lamar Boulevard Bridge">Lamar Boulevard Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Monroe_Forever_Bridge" title="Larry Monroe Forever Bridge">Larry Monroe Forever Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montopolis_Bridge" title="Montopolis Bridge">Montopolis Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennybacker_Bridge" title="Pennybacker Bridge">Pennybacker Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Pfluger_Pedestrian_and_Bicycle_Bridge" title="James D. Pfluger Pedestrian and Bicycle Bridge">Pfluger Pedestrian Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Fifth_Street_Bridge_at_Shoal_Creek" title="West Fifth Street Bridge at Shoal Creek">West Fifth Street Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Sixth_Street_Bridge" title="West Sixth Street Bridge">West Sixth Street Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chili%27s_at_45th_and_Lamar" title="Chili's at 45th and Lamar">Chili's at 45th and Lamar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keep_Austin_Weird" title="Keep Austin Weird">Keep Austin Weird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Cochran" title="Leslie Cochran">Leslie Cochran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupy_Austin" title="Occupy Austin">Occupy Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spamarama" title="Spamarama">Spamarama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_City" title="Weird City">Weird City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Aztex_FC" title="Austin Aztex FC">Austin Aztex FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Bold_FC" title="Austin Bold FC">Austin Bold FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_FC" title="Austin FC">Austin FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_FC_II" title="Austin FC II">Austin FC II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Gilgronis" title="Austin Gilgronis">Austin Gilgronis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Huns" title="Austin Huns">Austin Huns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Lightning" title="Austin Lightning">Austin Lightning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Lone_Stars#Lady_Lone_Stars" title="Austin Lone Stars">Austin Lady Lone Stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Lone_Stars" title="Austin Lone Stars">Austin Lone Stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Outlaws" title="Austin Outlaws">Austin Outlaws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Rise_FC" title="Austin Rise FC">Austin Rise FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Spurs" title="Austin Spurs">Austin Spurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Thunder" title="Austin Thunder">Austin Thunder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_United_FC" title="Austin United FC">Austin United FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FC_Austin_Elite" title="FC Austin Elite">FC Austin Elite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LOVB_Austin" title="LOVB Austin">LOVB Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Rock_Express" title="Round Rock Express">Round Rock Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Stars" title="Texas Stars">Texas Stars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Electronics_industry_in_the_United_States61" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Electronics_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Electronics industry in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Electronics_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Electronics industry in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Electronics_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Electronics industry in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Electronics_industry_in_the_United_States61" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Electronics_industry_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronics industry in the United States">Electronics industry in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Home_appliance" title="Home appliance">Home appliances</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bose_Corporation" title="Bose Corporation">Bose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsair_Gaming" title="Corsair Gaming">Corsair</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolby_Laboratories" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolby Laboratories">Dolby Laboratories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Element_Electronics" title="Element Electronics">Element Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerson_Radio" title="Emerson Radio">Emerson Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harman_International" title="Harman International">Harman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeywell" title="Honeywell">Honeywell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Inc." title="HP Inc.">HP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InFocus" title="InFocus">InFocus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jensen_Electronics" title="Jensen Electronics">Jensen Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenmore_(brand)" title="Kenmore (brand)">Kenmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_Technology" title="Kingston Technology">Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimball_International" title="Kimball International">Kimball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koss_Corporation" title="Koss Corporation">Koss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexmark" title="Lexmark">Lexmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logitech" title="Logitech">Logitech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnavox" title="Magnavox">Magnavox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marantz" title="Marantz">Marantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorex" title="Memorex">Memorex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monster_Cable" title="Monster Cable">Monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantronics" title="Plantronics">Plantronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planar_Systems" title="Planar Systems">Planar Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razer_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Razer Inc">Razer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seagate_Technology" title="Seagate Technology">Seagate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiki_Digital" title="Seiki Digital">Seiki Digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skullcandy" title="Skullcandy">Skullcandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turtle_Beach_Corporation" title="Turtle Beach Corporation">Turtle Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ViewSonic" title="ViewSonic">ViewSonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vizio" title="Vizio">Vizio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Digital" title="Western Digital">Western Digital</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HGST" title="HGST">HGST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SanDisk" title="SanDisk">SanDisk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Electric_Company" title="Westinghouse Electric Company">Westinghouse Electric Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westinghouse_Electronics" title="Westinghouse Electronics">Westinghouse Electronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerox" title="Xerox">Xerox</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electronic_component" title="Electronic component">Electronic components</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3M" title="3M">3M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achronix" title="Achronix">Achronix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analog_Devices" title="Analog Devices">Analog Devices</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Integrated" title="Maxim Integrated">Maxim Integrated</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applied_Materials" title="Applied Materials">Applied Materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Altera" title="Altera">Altera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AVX_Corporation" title="AVX Corporation">AVX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cirque_Corporation" title="Cirque Corporation">Cirque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diodes_Incorporated" title="Diodes Incorporated">Diodes Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flex_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flex (company)">Flex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabil" title="Jabil">Jabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KEMET_Corporation" title="KEMET Corporation">KEMET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Technologies" title="Maxwell Technologies">Maxwell Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanmina_Corporation" title="Sanmina Corporation">Sanmina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishay_Intertechnology" title="Vishay Intertechnology">Vishay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Semiconductor_device" title="Semiconductor device">Semiconductor devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMD" title="AMD">AMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ampere_Computing" title="Ampere Computing">Ampere Computing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_silicon" title="Apple silicon">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcom" title="Broadcom">Broadcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cypress_Semiconductor" title="Cypress Semiconductor">Cypress Semiconductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GlobalFoundries" title="GlobalFoundries">GlobalFoundries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interlink_Electronics" title="Interlink Electronics">Interlink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLA-Tencor" class="mw-redirect" title="KLA-Tencor">KLA-Tencor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lam_Research" title="Lam Research">Lam Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lattice_Semiconductor" title="Lattice Semiconductor">Lattice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvell_Technology" title="Marvell Technology">Marvell Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microchip_Technology" title="Microchip Technology">Microchip</a> (<a href="/wiki/Atmel" title="Atmel">Atmel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micron_Technology" title="Micron Technology">Micron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetApp" title="NetApp">NetApp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimbus_Data" title="Nimbus Data">Nimbus Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nvidia" title="Nvidia">Nvidia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mellanox_Technologies" title="Mellanox Technologies">Mellanox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NXP_Semiconductors" title="NXP Semiconductors">NXP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsemi" title="Onsemi">onsemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualcomm" title="Qualcomm">Qualcomm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Image" title="Silicon Image">Silicon Image</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synaptics" title="Synaptics">Synaptics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabula_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tabula (company)">Tabula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilinx" title="Xilinx">Xilinx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zilog" title="Zilog">Zilog</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_device" title="Mobile device">Mobile devices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BLU_Products" title="BLU Products">BLU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Motorola_Mobility" title="Motorola Mobility">Motorola Mobility</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadence_Design_Systems" title="Cadence Design Systems">Cadence Design Systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cray" title="Cray">Cray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">GE</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RCA_(trademark)" title="RCA (trademark)">RCA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synopsys" title="Synopsys">Synopsys</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actel" title="Actel">Actel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Corporation" title="Atari Corporation">Atari Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_International" title="Commodore International">Commodore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compaq" title="Compaq">Compaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Semiconductor" title="Fairchild Semiconductor">Fairchild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freescale_Semiconductor" title="Freescale Semiconductor">Freescale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LSI_Corporation" title="LSI Corporation">LSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsemi" title="Microsemi">Microsemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Semiconductor" title="National Semiconductor">National Semiconductor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Palm Inc">Palm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philco" title="Philco">Philco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCA" title="RCA">RCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Signetics" title="Signetics">Signetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Graphics" title="Silicon Graphics">Silicon Graphics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solectron" title="Solectron">Solectron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Microsystems" title="Sun Microsystems">Sun Microsystems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenith_Electronics" title="Zenith Electronics">Zenith Electronics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Austin–Round_Rock–San_Marcos175" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greater_Austin" title="Template:Greater Austin"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greater_Austin" title="Template talk:Greater Austin"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greater_Austin" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greater Austin"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Austin–Round_Rock–San_Marcos175" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Austin" title="Greater Austin">Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central city</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Pacebend.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lake Travis"><img alt="Lake Travis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Pacebend.jpg/150px-Pacebend.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Pacebend.jpg/225px-Pacebend.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Pacebend.jpg/300px-Pacebend.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Satellite cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Park,_Texas" title="Cedar Park, Texas">Cedar Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Texas" title="Georgetown, Texas">Georgetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pflugerville,_Texas" title="Pflugerville, Texas">Pflugerville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Rock,_Texas" title="Round Rock, Texas">Round Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marcos,_Texas" title="San Marcos, Texas">San Marcos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bastrop,_Texas" title="Bastrop, Texas">Bastrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buda,_Texas" title="Buda, Texas">Buda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnet,_Texas" title="Burnet, Texas">Burnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elgin,_Texas" title="Elgin, Texas">Elgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Bend,_Texas" title="Hudson Bend, Texas">Hudson Bend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutto,_Texas" title="Hutto, Texas">Hutto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jollyville,_Texas" title="Jollyville, Texas">Jollyville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle,_Texas" title="Kyle, Texas">Kyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lago_Vista,_Texas" title="Lago Vista, Texas">Lago Vista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leander,_Texas" title="Leander, Texas">Leander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeway,_Texas" title="Lakeway, Texas">Lakeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockhart,_Texas" title="Lockhart, Texas">Lockhart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Creek,_Texas" title="Lost Creek, Texas">Lost Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luling,_Texas" title="Luling, Texas">Luling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manor,_Texas" title="Manor, Texas">Manor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Falls,_Texas" title="Marble Falls, Texas">Marble Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor,_Texas" title="Taylor, Texas">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithville,_Texas" title="Smithville, Texas">Smithville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells_Branch,_Texas" title="Wells Branch, Texas">Wells Branch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Lake_Hills,_Texas" title="West Lake Hills, Texas">West Lake Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wimberley,_Texas" title="Wimberley, Texas">Wimberley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windemere,_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Windemere, Texas">Windemere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyldwood,_Texas" title="Wyldwood, Texas">Wyldwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Counties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">MSA/CSA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bastrop_County,_Texas" title="Bastrop County, Texas">Bastrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burnet_County,_Texas" title="Burnet County, Texas">Burnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caldwell_County,_Texas" title="Caldwell County, Texas">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hays_County,_Texas" title="Hays County, Texas">Hays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travis_County,_Texas" title="Travis County, Texas">Travis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Williamson_County,_Texas" title="Williamson County, Texas">Williamson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outlying</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blanco_County,_Texas" title="Blanco County, Texas">Blanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burleson_County,_Texas" title="Burleson County, Texas">Burleson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_County,_Texas" title="Colorado County, Texas">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fayette_County,_Texas" title="Fayette County, Texas">Fayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillespie_County,_Texas" title="Gillespie County, Texas">Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_County,_Texas" title="Lee County, Texas">Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llano_County,_Texas" title="Llano County, Texas">Llano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milam_County,_Texas" title="Milam County, Texas">Milam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Texas" title="Washington County, Texas">Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks and preserves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balcones_Canyonlands_National_Wildlife_Refuge" title="Balcones Canyonlands National Wildlife Refuge">Balcones Canyonlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastrop_State_Park" title="Bastrop State Park">Bastrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emma_Long_Metropolitan_Park" title="Emma Long Metropolitan Park">Emma Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enchanted_Rock" title="Enchanted Rock">Enchanted Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippie_Hollow_Park" title="Hippie Hollow Park">Hippie Hollow</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indiangrass_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indiangrass Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Indiangrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longhorn_Cavern_State_Park" title="Longhorn Cavern State Park">Longhorn Cavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McKinney_Falls_State_Park" title="McKinney Falls State Park">McKinney Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Bonnell" title="Mount Bonnell">Mount Bonnell</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Onion_Creek_Wildlife_Sanctuary&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Onion Creek Wildlife Sanctuary (page does not exist)">Onion Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedernales_Falls_State_Park" title="Pedernales Falls State Park">Pedernales Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_J._Stokes_San_Marcos_River_State_Park&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John J. Stokes San Marcos River State Park (page does not exist)">John Stokes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wild_Basin_Wilderness_Preserve" title="Wild Basin Wilderness Preserve">Wild Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zilker_Park" title="Zilker Park">Zilker</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geography</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Chalk" title="Austin Chalk">Austin Chalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balcones_Fault" title="Balcones Fault">Balcones Fault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwards_Aquifer" title="Edwards Aquifer">Edwards Aquifer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwards_Plateau" title="Edwards Plateau">Edwards Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Highland_Lakes" title="Texas Highland Lakes">Highland Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Hill_Country" title="Texas Hill Country">Hill Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llano_Uplift" title="Llano Uplift">Llano Uplift</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bodies of water</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barton_Creek" title="Barton Creek">Barton Creek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barton_Springs" title="Barton Springs">Barton Springs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River_(Texas)" title="Colorado River (Texas)">Colorado River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granger_Lake" title="Granger Lake">Granger Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_Lake" title="Lady Bird Lake">Lady Bird Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Austin" title="Lake Austin">Lake Austin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Georgetown" title="Lake Georgetown">Lake Georgetown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Marble_Falls" title="Lake Marble Falls">Lake Marble Falls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Travis" title="Lake Travis">Lake Travis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Walter_E._Long" title="Lake Walter E. Long">Lake Walter E. Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedernales_River" title="Pedernales River">Pedernales River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_River_(Texas)" title="San Gabriel River (Texas)">San Gabriel River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marcos_River" title="San Marcos River">San Marcos River</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_Area_Rural_Transportation_System" title="Capital Area Rural Transportation System">Capital Area Rural Transportation System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Major_personal_computer,_server,_and_mainframe_hardware_companies522" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Major_computer_hardware_companies" title="Template:Major computer hardware companies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Major_computer_hardware_companies" title="Template talk:Major computer hardware companies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Major_computer_hardware_companies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Major computer hardware companies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Major_personal_computer,_server,_and_mainframe_hardware_companies522" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major personal computer, server, and mainframe hardware companies</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Companies with an annual revenue of over US$3 billion</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personal computers and servers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acer_Inc." title="Acer Inc.">Acer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asus" title="Asus">Asus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Dell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huawei" title="Huawei">Huawei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Inc." title="HP Inc.">HP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenovo" title="Lenovo">Lenovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LG_Electronics" title="LG Electronics">LG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro-Star_International" title="Micro-Star International">MSI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NEC" title="NEC">NEC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razer_Inc." title="Razer Inc.">Razer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samsung_Electronics" title="Samsung Electronics">Samsung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharp_Corporation" title="Sharp Corporation">Sharp</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dynabook_Inc." title="Dynabook Inc.">Dynabook</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaio" title="Vaio">Vaio</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Servers_only12" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Servers only</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cisco" title="Cisco">Cisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dell_EMC" title="Dell EMC">Dell EMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">HPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inspur" title="Inspur">Inspur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NetApp" title="NetApp">NetApp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mainframes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fujitsu" title="Fujitsu">Fujitsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">HPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>See also</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_information_technology_companies_by_revenue" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest information technology companies by revenue">Largest IT companies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer_hardware_manufacturers" title="List of computer hardware manufacturers">Computer hardware manufacturers</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Category:Home_computer_hardware_companies" title="Category:Home computer hardware companies">Home computer hardware companies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Category:Server_hardware" title="Category:Server hardware">Server hardware</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Category:Mainframe_computers" title="Category:Mainframe computers">Mainframe computers</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div 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/></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000406178598">ISNI</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121054110">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/123216029">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n98103835">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13558893f">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" 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