CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9135c84bfea593d2',cH: 'sJmP6YFM6p7RcyozbgRErMxjYDzZCXXVzT8ImSMHakg-1739795360-1.2.1.1-CCKfoMkajudOojn1O2p4oqFRvh81bquoOtq.qlQBmG75DwSiwLNQh8N_aSFe2.hi',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=orthodontic%20composite&__cf_chl_tk=4zB5n3urOVDvz4FsUBGKBKC.NffFqIj235K4r2ME.h0-1739795360-1.0.1.1-EQOA1462A01ieY0MOSSSpUZnCmoPUoYo2GCR_7irEQM",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739795360',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=orthodontic%20composite&__cf_chl_f_tk=4zB5n3urOVDvz4FsUBGKBKC.NffFqIj235K4r2ME.h0-1739795360-1.0.1.1-EQOA1462A01ieY0MOSSSpUZnCmoPUoYo2GCR_7irEQM",md: "_mThNk_yJHwYfIGvD4xrDaSz7gWspIM1IGKHbnRHEZs-1739795360-1.2.1.1-LuHqcConU8TNXTuFWqwCeWeM6cbYmXZLfFQaIQfG7ZklvpWfcKdXoqmQCaHHcurt_c8PAKXHxkYtiBmoFO71nseAhhCYexa9mJFPpQoU.cfoFbRW8D6s7iCHfm2NDQocwUGCaZczHUPMxMmlDpRxyxQIPDhuiXoQHOmLBHfYSrBvV.NrkfB.pVuL5UAMVrVELsW3RKSfinwY9y.404PDC697.Juvk0H4AZIsPL64LLMzmZUsxz8qdPEI_msMjM.VDENXvButN8Ou0peu2cs2VrbM_6_CdolJQjbYuJc.KpNCOws6YMHV46jXcJuvera9mikPT3mZO6qjHDdBJmV4QcoRpu51zCqfIyGQZinSc3fqZunmWkq4T2q1k0FrHPnteZqytfpDxYU.QZ9JqaoKZah24j4uh_8Avj6ouYX_lZ3k8SRl3HEPp0dDjriyvNeqZqnOjZ9_Q_is1LmNGK9zezfdb0lbMfmUoQ5xu08mp9hGtcttGzJQfSodpub2dfdUr80echzMHkXV8d5ipj9NFM1S0CnGZxp4OUeFWXOZaA73Ci5FSEhnEEnv6LFPVk5plqTnIRjjjEdOxhdc2mdsBtX_IEZwUc267YPVVGoiVT5UUvEZddb_Hm6xabqNhKl1xgMA1VTbDIKH6ZovvBzgRvLjTNWQaEKQatsAXfin_7W_jcLZ449pIOlpXuZX_01kUDji.VhLA9Rz68lmJ8cc.0wTkjaMhSid6hFihj9Xu7nGvqKfp9VoOibJhzdQifJLniOWLp5MTYSkMJWY_KoCl2afHNBPqgeM.Gq0kR6bnhgbfV1aNzJ2cTQfJPeIXv51uh66uLVO7l7FopuESuqgEfNhWsCKAkSFmZed3zQMwR3rOchE_IwjVZhhpSyT9_EIWsrnZ9LxRxLH234Wt0BVtvcWOloZIcaAbBJeX2W7S2YOy0Bksrz1BBYzD09jPOY.VJWOWbgOwDeh6rEMIIv6.TF3SqI0zeJHrRGo1r86yC26Awn9xM3TmCigO23uDP6.3sthQo1sRh6G1iOV4ViTyTMFmPfWgxXlfB8eMF4ACOV1JWZaI5tgg1H8Y7qW0KYU5OnT1ow3oRtmQQoz73zTyY2y0Iw3FlCRiEik3voQgjQ8.wMkAqp1PPUfdJLl_wPZpwZMGowyOXYN1nU7yMXPqMeCqjg7ocWonuNvO2Bw8BegwSMIqERt.fKhYpr9UgQ9wyx2bmqFafN4Vsk0Y3N55j7tqNHAE1AE6cZXGgXpYLFnx.uj109fkDUdA1NxnuXsUL4HHo9xzb_EI2fULo5semIBFJekIgnjU7iqnIUsSHYOIIoT5SgTlhlAJKxNApQNpkIyekaVbR3XL0wJEf9Wf.Fob6XjOdl0NNcyLMnqGZVSloqfD_B44e9PNMzAGRLkMX1nopKXjjAyb51CKqmV.A4YZHld6IS20q_b7GQ11TS8bETtkgTHhRi3NCGmIB_nRKYpuyp7u1P9CBtBNPgtRcki7KcuANvPaEHOEOWk37Ua1nEI52g9XueYnYbpw.hsfK9hQyEtx8alx_OLzBGOsafOdDFN.46kGHUMn_jiM4KSCKJhGzg2Xfk7YTLaz3Mntg0Sp1fuMckCi00OKJjxLPTfCU68eFzONxF3ibL.XAJ1DrUXPY0U5k7PGwDiIIQCpvAI.K2HjQNRtbcP5OD2ypsBGkoQ8_8BWj6LGIx3yRTVFL7KnO4rENwo8hwX7yGqQBmkpIFPCM.HmGvvfDGXrS9Q7DdCDZMz9kho450y0qp3lExpz0YDk6R5jO8xPbBeGXPV4Ta1mCCAymjGWHgQDl2NtpKYgt7SplD6MwHdjncv8jAPGJUMcUXH5tkv82lqxtuuuuiLhK2XgB5GVtbpPppttkiY_0cotsMjj8u7zmzUBbYEJ_mxdPbGvh5ErUS8vZp_LMt8.N9i.bYg.a3IbP0h2n4MdtLn.VwIJ70whFzDwR_bGDDpTjsEVV1MLIxi",mdrd: "JX6PyUnP85pmWxrgk0_KNe2IDFtxktVd3ZzLcRLcjqU-1739795360-1.2.1.1-FVRZaTepzN3lxX4LWkLjwsL9d5neJm4VXvAMyyjDVd5tZLTlp0fsgwhD2BxRc.Noqfj2ik4W91BBm_Zf._.x8LEVKxssZGezVXSc7v.MlleoJm4Kwd29NPcTDRP6HWkcaAYq57QasaThQaOn.qwGA1vnW1xzEUWn0IRXNTGcMpK8w3r6G8KJclUzAjKfUeV4C29G1rbX1lFa9fJK1Es4GthiRz5B.JcnnqgBXEiSVGlsSnSxbzOxIxqu8iAkvZn2SZ_OWcX0NclEIEdkqZn4HxsySutQ3kLlQx7.fA8mPuUyM8pyY82VYRnB_uOlwOmA0jwP6SUJ3Ed_w.kkPiki3xeqvCLMjvX7vjiiEjuxex0xN1grfXvdLTIq4YsWuEvXsYg8QZjI96dJnyhtBs8m_ou180nJqXupQlfJqeR1QYEzzGVOxgjZHdCRikPVhpwhR03HBfLjz7lxkMSiDu03mygv_YhGJOmuuiWWlUYPx9qFEfjFvS7mtPOpg63U9NJlHJ5kVOdxwusRfQMjElMbhHSdsRX_Ft8g_FSjb78aVY31YrIzORDG8DMcIjsDyKm3tJ0SyQYRguP_fUjA5wL1R4eOuEN3l41js4j07U_Maq1WB_IAqQYDA.kc_vo.cpAQB8p8R5Kr4GfoGrzEGkQC1eaqB75Qxpwi7RejiKLd2UYCkbMsx.kaDUdM7fb2xNWKClEeXEgP3lTGTKeePlubHiLGKp2Tjjxs401quL.pxMzpuh0pvlx9TLbUWdnMPp06SeFRKq2gmaPa7gJWqZEp67bGY9zG1aMmJ6QzD6uHRxQQ9.vzT_faCvdhIoYkUJZh0nFHnLSKCjp37vru3ZSzwyU6KVtGWus8zmzk0_KH_c8TbaUXEc5WA.mPGqOr_Nho1tO7L.hA2ZMEz3pVsmiZou3KJKdRI_gseaMQ0F6dHwERTZ997cU2TGHEc_DhV_4YQiEcoh_htwAsOH1exp2Habu3Kg.kLQHzPygk8mor_ogLJGvD8wjqv_d62EOUaNwHYDc2RL.dnBqoyzTxNX4jCw3ArCGlQrZtECLJXiBuL1MgNJ9ltImR6QTKdB89YB6FnzTigbiGVch0F.oMgnUdo1osRg5qTF.jiM_Cp7crr.kZfqbh5mV9_NgpiDbPjoXv3iMNCk5Hr0stVvK0Qv_glbeCSYkEyvYY39B4JSPFtNoLG8TmEQUJct28mRGXfiVwXqFZlcCfLd9gzB7_5BOjbdRLVlME3Laa6KkigYNLj0xuKinf9OI2ovkpfIgdrGrOqFWqhvBvLDQFfoyJQfJiYYhjeOV4jbsJFaK7a9e11pa8_IOiNOlCy7tcRmi0LvLTAtB9zshg0ccTs46qtGvuKbzacQT2t0hpphlsObZgFG7YUX0R.zObDZhFvwIdf5CGMmiq94pJTwA22Zjofz5cORvLyL.DNPFp.M7yIbAbm9_VnFQt0eCRg3CrFUrejrTg2C.0k6l9OwZYTXJPrBI2fRGmmrySN3HrPANFxyehAxAlHRPYGHAIzv57O1hMvK1E6sgZRyVVq0OP8NwlwJ_.YsQkXCgE0s0LPWaEPmfy51ziIVWhWdMRFIBsSYS9jq2RT_FOfitolL9VxwZep.wZpdqKT7c9ra1MraYZeH.BqnGrbQqlMDRUfAkk_F3SCVVYhgeZN1ZCBv4z2F75.7Nprsgk3xghM9BCiWigcbGWL0duaBr5x2f_dBfNIMi3eMJZdWT8wQv9JEl2yzFHwO9dRVq48oRzPgmOFWGFT9HPHolLIO_eM_dEjNBRnn1n.98gyLqMA6ThlwNXhkzZ5JKf7VdzUHus8_SxVsKoVYkx40IunfsCCZtdTx0LTSduJd2UbKPucWUoPBtB1.oRQzW..H4TtUzBy3k__QBUbs8WIpYxu38sSWR7eOgcqCa40NVChkEg9jWlspTPoVH_HZOfBmxRbNTzpvZYRts_5vbsIog3ll0157w.yUYgGZ4RpWEt"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9135c84bfea593d2';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=orthodontic%20composite&__cf_chl_rt_tk=4zB5n3urOVDvz4FsUBGKBKC.NffFqIj235K4r2ME.h0-1739795360-1.0.1.1-EQOA1462A01ieY0MOSSSpUZnCmoPUoYo2GCR_7irEQM" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>