Projects & Centers

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/ dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/ foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/ og: http://ogp.me/ns# rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# schema: http://schema.org/ sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns# sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types# skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core# xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# "> <head> <script src="/modules/custom/nber_user_auth/js/cookies.js?snhoma"></script> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <style>/* @see https://github.com/aFarkas/lazysizes#broken-image-symbol */.js img.lazyload:not([src]) { visibility: hidden; }/* @see https://github.com/aFarkas/lazysizes#automatically-setting-the-sizes-attribute */.js img.lazyloaded[data-sizes=auto] { display: block; width: 100%; }</style> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.nber.org/programs-projects/projects-and-centers" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="NBER" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.nber.org/programs-projects/projects-and-centers" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Projects & Centers" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.nber.org/sites/default/files/2022-06/NBER-FB-Share-Tile-1200.jpg" /> <meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" /> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" /> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/nber/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" /> <script src="/sites/default/files/google_tag/primary/google_tag.script.js?snhoma" defer></script> <title>Projects & Centers | NBER</title> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/ajax-progress.module.css?snhoma" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/align.module.css?snhoma" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/autocomplete-loading.module.css?snhoma" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/fieldgroup.module.css?snhoma" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/container-inline.module.css?snhoma" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/clearfix.module.css?snhoma" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/details.module.css?snhoma" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/hidden.module.css?snhoma" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/item-list.module.css?snhoma" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/js.module.css?snhoma" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/nowrap.module.css?snhoma" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/position-container.module.css?snhoma" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/progress.module.css?snhoma" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/reset-appearance.module.css?snhoma" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/resize.module.css?snhoma" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/sticky-header.module.css?snhoma" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-counter.css?snhoma" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-counters.css?snhoma" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/system-status-report-general-info.css?snhoma" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/tabledrag.module.css?snhoma" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/tablesort.module.css?snhoma" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/core/modules/system/css/components/tree-child.module.css?snhoma" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/paragraphs/css/paragraphs.unpublished.css?snhoma" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/modules/contrib/sitewide_alert/css/sitewide_alert.css?snhoma" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/themes/custom/nber/assets/build/css/nber-generated.css?snhoma" />  <link rel='preconnect' href='https://fonts.gstatic.com' crossorigin> <link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="/themes/custom/nber/assets/fonts/arimo-v17-latin_greek-regular.woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="/themes/custom/nber/assets/fonts/arimo-v17-latin_greek-700.woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="/themes/custom/nber/assets/fonts/arimo-v17-latin_greek-italic.woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="/themes/custom/nber/assets/fonts/arimo-v17-latin_greek-700italic.woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="/themes/custom/nber/assets/fonts/TiemposHeadlineWeb-Bold.woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="/themes/custom/nber/assets/fonts/TiemposHeadlineWeb-Bold.woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="/themes/custom/nber/assets/fonts/TiemposHeadlineWeb-Regular.woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" href="/themes/custom/nber/assets/fonts/TiemposHeadlineWeb-Medium.woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> </head> <body> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable"> Skip to main content </a> <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MVRPF7C" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript><div data-sitewide-alert></div> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <header class="header"> <div class="content-wrap"> <div class="header__grid header__branding-utility-user"> <div class="header__branding"> <a href="/" aria-label="NBER: National Bureau of Economic Research"> <svg aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 292.75 31.24"><title>NBER: National Bureau of Economic Research</title><path d="M149.44,8.91a8.1,8.1,0,0,1,.77,1.23h.06s-.05-.77-.05-1.94V4.49h2.11v9.15h-1.92l-3.23-4.35a9.3,9.3,0,0,1-.87-1.35h-.07a17.08,17.08,0,0,1,.1,2.06v3.64h-2.11V4.49h2Z"></path><path d="M160,11.73h-3.46l-.65,1.91h-2.21L157,4.49h2.61l3.34,9.15h-2.27ZM157.13,10h2.25L159,9a18,18,0,0,1-.72-2.61h-.06a23.42,23.42,0,0,1-.74,2.59Z"></path><path d="M165,13.64V6.32h-2.5V4.49h7.13V6.32h-2.55v7.32Z"></path><path d="M173.06,4.49v9.15H171V4.49Z"></path><path d="M174.89,9.07c0-3.08,1.63-4.77,4.34-4.77s4.35,1.69,4.35,4.77-1.65,4.75-4.35,4.75S174.89,12.13,174.89,9.07Zm2.19,0c0,1.8.7,2.91,2.15,2.91s2.15-1.11,2.15-2.91-.71-2.92-2.15-2.92S177.08,7.28,177.08,9.1Z"></path><path d="M190.62,8.91a8.47,8.47,0,0,1,.76,1.23h.07s0-.77,0-1.94V4.49h2.11v9.15h-1.93l-3.23-4.35a9.3,9.3,0,0,1-.87-1.35h-.06a17.08,17.08,0,0,1,.1,2.06v3.64H185.4V4.49h2Z"></path><path d="M201.18,11.73h-3.46l-.65,1.91h-2.21l3.31-9.15h2.61l3.34,9.15h-2.27ZM198.31,10h2.25l-.37-1a18,18,0,0,1-.72-2.61h-.06a22.38,22.38,0,0,1-.75,2.59Z"></path><path d="M207.58,4.49V11.8h3.57v1.84h-5.69V4.49Z"></path><path d="M221.16,9a2.08,2.08,0,0,1,2,2.16c0,1.5-1,2.5-3.23,2.5h-3.74V4.49H220c1.85,0,2.84.85,2.84,2.3a2,2,0,0,1-1.65,2.12Zm-1.63-.67c.72,0,1.18-.28,1.18-1s-.45-1-1.22-1h-1.17v2Zm-1.21,3.54h1.49c.8,0,1.25-.25,1.25-1s-.42-1-1.25-1h-1.49Z"></path><path d="M232.38,4.49v6.09c0,2.47-1.74,3.24-3.78,3.24s-3.77-.77-3.77-3.24V4.49h2.11V10c0,1.3.34,2.08,1.66,2.08s1.68-.78,1.68-2.1V4.49Z"></path><path d="M239.6,13.64a1.64,1.64,0,0,1-.49-1l-.34-1.37c-.18-.77-.54-.91-1.24-.91h-.9v3.23h-2.11V4.49h3.6c2,0,3.32.74,3.32,2.79a2.1,2.1,0,0,1-2,2.3v0A1.65,1.65,0,0,1,241,11l.47,1.71a2.06,2.06,0,0,0,.51,1Zm-3-5H238c.84,0,1.31-.33,1.31-1.2s-.44-1.2-1.31-1.2h-1.35Z"></path><path d="M249.69,13.64h-6.14V4.49h6.14V6.32h-4V8.14h3.55V9.89h-3.55V11.8h4Z"></path><path d="M256.94,11.73h-3.46l-.66,1.91h-2.2l3.31-9.15h2.61l3.33,9.15h-2.26ZM254.07,10h2.25L256,9a18,18,0,0,1-.72-2.61h-.06a22.38,22.38,0,0,1-.75,2.59Z"></path><path d="M268.37,4.49v6.09c0,2.47-1.74,3.24-3.78,3.24s-3.77-.77-3.77-3.24V4.49h2.11V10c0,1.3.34,2.08,1.66,2.08s1.68-.78,1.68-2.1V4.49Z"></path><path d="M277.87,5.39a3,3,0,0,1,3.29,3.12,4.76,4.76,0,0,1-4.68,4.83,3,3,0,0,1-3.29-3.11A4.79,4.79,0,0,1,277.87,5.39Zm0,.29c-.91,0-1.67,1.31-2.16,3a10.89,10.89,0,0,0-.42,2.54c0,1,.25,1.86,1.12,1.86s1.68-1.32,2.15-3A9.8,9.8,0,0,0,279,7.53C279,6.52,278.78,5.68,277.91,5.68Z"></path><path d="M285.69,5.54h1.85l-.17.41h-1.76l-1.69,6.91c-.68,2.76-2,3.79-4.09,3.85v0c1-.44,1.53-2,2.16-4.8L283.36,6h-1l.05-.16,1-.33.17-.6c.72-2.3,2-3.4,3.95-3.4,1.25,0,2.11.51,2.11,1.38a1.32,1.32,0,0,1-1.46,1.24,1.17,1.17,0,0,1-.95-.36,1.16,1.16,0,0,0,1-1.22c0-.5-.23-.8-.7-.8-.79,0-1.21.74-1.64,2.85Z"></path><path d="M150.36,28.89h-6.13V19.74h6.13v1.84h-4V23.4h3.54v1.75h-3.54v1.91h4Z"></path><path d="M159.9,27a4,4,0,0,1-3.93,2.1c-2.49,0-4.2-1.72-4.2-4.77s1.68-4.75,4.47-4.75A3.75,3.75,0,0,1,160,21.87l-2,1a1.74,1.74,0,0,0-1.77-1.45c-1.38,0-2.22,1.1-2.22,2.94s.74,2.86,2.25,2.86a2,2,0,0,0,1.91-1.31Z"></path><path d="M160.87,24.33c0-3.08,1.63-4.77,4.33-4.77s4.35,1.69,4.35,4.77-1.64,4.75-4.35,4.75S160.87,27.39,160.87,24.33Zm2.19,0c0,1.8.7,2.9,2.14,2.9s2.16-1.1,2.16-2.9-.71-2.92-2.16-2.92S163.06,22.54,163.06,24.36Z"></path><path d="M176.6,24.17a8.47,8.47,0,0,1,.76,1.23h.06s0-.78,0-1.94V19.74h2.11v9.15h-1.93l-3.23-4.35a8.71,8.71,0,0,1-.87-1.35h-.06a19.29,19.29,0,0,1,.09,2.07v3.63h-2.11V19.74h2Z"></path><path d="M181.32,24.33c0-3.08,1.63-4.77,4.33-4.77S190,21.25,190,24.33s-1.64,4.75-4.35,4.75S181.32,27.39,181.32,24.33Zm2.19,0c0,1.8.7,2.9,2.14,2.9s2.16-1.1,2.16-2.9-.71-2.92-2.16-2.92S183.51,22.54,183.51,24.36Z"></path><path d="M195.87,26.78l-1.26-2.1a7.59,7.59,0,0,1-.7-1.39h-.06a10,10,0,0,1,.09,1.55v4.05h-2.11V19.74H194l1.72,3.1a6.54,6.54,0,0,1,.65,1.33h.06a8.13,8.13,0,0,1,.66-1.33l1.74-3.1h2.11v9.15h-2.1V24.84a11.22,11.22,0,0,1,.08-1.55h-.06a7.9,7.9,0,0,1-.69,1.39l-1.27,2.1Z"></path><path d="M205.42,19.74v9.15h-2.11V19.74Z"></path><path d="M215.37,27a4,4,0,0,1-3.93,2.1c-2.48,0-4.19-1.72-4.19-4.77s1.68-4.75,4.47-4.75a3.76,3.76,0,0,1,3.73,2.31l-2,1a1.74,1.74,0,0,0-1.77-1.45c-1.39,0-2.23,1.1-2.23,2.94s.75,2.86,2.26,2.86a2,2,0,0,0,1.91-1.31Z"></path><path d="M225.42,28.89a1.55,1.55,0,0,1-.48-.94l-.34-1.37c-.19-.78-.55-.92-1.25-.92h-.9v3.23h-2.11V19.74h3.6c2.05,0,3.33.75,3.33,2.8a2.11,2.11,0,0,1-2,2.3v0a1.67,1.67,0,0,1,1.53,1.34l.46,1.7a2.16,2.16,0,0,0,.51,1Zm-3-5h1.35c.84,0,1.31-.32,1.31-1.19s-.44-1.2-1.31-1.2h-1.35Z"></path><path d="M235.51,28.89h-6.13V19.74h6.13v1.84h-4V23.4H235v1.75h-3.54v1.91h4Z"></path><path d="M238.55,26a1.71,1.71,0,0,0,1.71,1.48c.7,0,1.21-.29,1.21-.91s-.32-.87-1.52-1.24c-2.1-.67-3-1.46-3-3,0-2.06,1.62-2.75,3.22-2.75,1.88,0,3.28.64,3.46,2.38l-2.09.53a1.25,1.25,0,0,0-1.32-1.17c-.59,0-1.06.27-1.06.86s.5.88,1.57,1.21c1.92.6,2.9,1.26,2.9,3,0,2-1.61,2.72-3.55,2.72s-3-.59-3.48-2.24Z"></path><path d="M251.61,28.89h-6.13V19.74h6.13v1.84h-4V23.4h3.54v1.75h-3.54v1.91h4Z"></path><path d="M258.86,27H255.4l-.65,1.91h-2.21l3.31-9.15h2.61l3.34,9.15h-2.27ZM256,25.23h2.25l-.37-1a16.75,16.75,0,0,1-.71-2.61h-.07a23.19,23.19,0,0,1-.74,2.6Z"></path><path d="M268.23,28.89a1.55,1.55,0,0,1-.48-.94l-.35-1.37c-.18-.78-.54-.92-1.24-.92h-.9v3.23h-2.11V19.74h3.6c2.05,0,3.33.75,3.33,2.8a2.11,2.11,0,0,1-2,2.3v0a1.65,1.65,0,0,1,1.52,1.34l.47,1.7a2.06,2.06,0,0,0,.51,1Zm-3-5h1.35c.84,0,1.31-.32,1.31-1.19s-.44-1.2-1.31-1.2h-1.35Z"></path><path d="M279.59,27a4,4,0,0,1-3.93,2.1c-2.48,0-4.19-1.72-4.19-4.77s1.68-4.75,4.47-4.75a3.76,3.76,0,0,1,3.73,2.31l-2,1a1.74,1.74,0,0,0-1.77-1.45c-1.39,0-2.23,1.1-2.23,2.94s.75,2.86,2.26,2.86a2,2,0,0,0,1.91-1.31Z"></path><path d="M281.13,28.89V19.74h2.11v3.59h3.51V19.74h2.11v9.15h-2.11V25.17h-3.51v3.72Z"></path><path d="M49.51,15.57V15.5C56.93,15.57,60,12.67,60,9.88c0-3.11-2.63-5.53-9.74-5.53h-28c-.83,0-1.59.76,0,1.07,2.34.63,4.48,4.49,4.48,12.94v3.28h-.07L20.2,8.91c-2-4-.45-3.07-.45-4.07,0-.49-.59-.49-.79-.49H5.25c-.41,0-1.44,0-1.44.52s.65.49,1.07.49A3.49,3.49,0,0,1,7.33,7V18.57c0,3.52-.66,8.84-4.11,9.49-.24.07-.52.1-.52.48s.38.49.73.49h10.8c1,0,1.07-.87-.14-1-3-.42-5.76-3.66-5.76-13.53v-6l.1-.07L18.89,27.92c.51.93.89,2.42,1.2,2.42a2.77,2.77,0,0,0,1.25-.69A16,16,0,0,1,29.14,26c.34,0,1.41-.07,1.41-.56,0-.93-1.9-.07-2.8-1.79v-5.9c0-9.91,2.73-12,4.35-12.36l.15,0c1.58.22,1.66,1.53,1.66,8.94v4.72c0,8.49-.1,9-2.45,9-.34,0-1,0-1,.55s.59.45.9.45H50.72c6.83,0,9.93-3.18,9.93-7.22C60.65,18.33,58.31,15.09,49.51,15.57Zm-5.42-5.52c0-4.49.31-4.69,2.62-4.69s2.73.58,2.73,3.52v3.38c0,1.93-.59,2.86-3.66,2.86H44.09Zm5.35,9v5.18c0,3.38-.65,3.8-2.69,3.8-2.55,0-2.66-.18-2.66-4.8V16.12h1.62C49.06,16.12,49.47,16.81,49.44,19.05Z"></path><path d="M87.38,19.64l-.76,1.11C84.86,23.47,81.27,28,77.72,28c-1.76,0-2.49-.49-2.49-4V16h1c2.42,0,4.35,1.14,4.42,4.66,0,1.76,1,1.52,1,.41V10.36c0-.9-.83-1.24-1,.24-.41,3.49-2,4.42-4.42,4.42h-1V9.32c.14-3.41.62-4,2.52-4,3.69,0,7.08,4.52,8.39,7.59.1.27.45,1.24.86,1.24s.45-.42.28-1.59L85.45,3.08c-.14-1.14-.56-1.14-1.07-.52-.83.93-1.93,1.66-6.25,1.79H62.5c-.31,0-.9,0-.9.45s.66.56,1,.56c2.35,0,2.45.48,2.45,9v4.72c0,8.49-.1,9-2.45,9-.34,0-1,0-1,.55s.59.45.9.45H78.13c5.94,0,6.35,1,7.08,1.93.31.41.79.48,1-.59l2.24-11.11C88.45,18.88,87.9,18.43,87.38,19.64Z"></path><path d="M120.69,28c-2.24,0-5.69-6.66-5.79-9.63,0-.86-.11-.79-1.35-.59a11,11,0,0,1-8.66-1.14v-.06c4.73-.32,12.59.31,12.59-6.42,0-6.15-6.72-5.84-11.11-5.84H88.81c-.28,0-.86,0-.86.52s.48.49.82.49c2.18,0,2.35.62,2.35,9v4.72c0,8.36-.17,9-2.35,9-.34,0-.82.07-.82.48s.58.52.86.52h14.8c.28,0,.87,0,.87-.52S104,28,103.65,28c-2.18,0-2.35-.62-2.35-9V16.92h2.38L107.86,28c.2.72.31,1,1.1,1h11.66c.32,0,.76,0,.76-.45S121,28,120.69,28ZM101.3,15.91v-5c0-5.46.59-5.52,2.8-5.52S107,5.53,107,9.91c0,5.35-.76,6-3,6Z"></path><rect x="130.19" y="4.35" width="2.2" height="24.6"></rect></svg> </a> </div> <div class="header__utility header__utility--desktop"> <nav class="utility-nav js-utility-nav" aria-label="Utility Navigation"> <ul class="utility-nav__list"> <li class="utility-nav__item"><a href="/subscribe">Subscribe</a></li> <li class="utility-nav__item"><a href="/media">Media</a></li> <li class="utility-nav__item"><a href="/calls-papers-and-proposals">Open Calls</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="header__user header__user--desktop"></div> <div class="header__mobile js-header__mobile"> <button type="button" class="btn btn--icon js-hamburger" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="nav-search-pane" aria-label="Search" data-target="nav-search-pane" data-focus="search-bar__field--mobile"> <span class="icon-search"> <svg aria-hidden="true" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="26" height="26" viewBox="0 0 23 23"> <path d="M9.516 14.016q1.875 0 3.188-1.313t1.313-3.188-1.313-3.188-3.188-1.313-3.188 1.313-1.313 3.188 1.313 3.188 3.188 1.313zM15.516 14.016l4.969 4.969-1.5 1.5-4.969-4.969v-0.797l-0.281-0.281q-1.781 1.547-4.219 1.547-2.719 0-4.617-1.875t-1.898-4.594 1.898-4.617 4.617-1.898 4.594 1.898 1.875 4.617q0 2.438-1.547 4.219l0.281 0.281h0.797z"></path> </svg> </span> </button> <button type="button" class="btn btn--icon trigger-hamburger js-hamburger" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="nav-search-pane" aria-label="Menu" data-target="nav-search-pane"><span class="icon-hamburger"></span></button> </div> </div> <div class="header__grid header__nav-search" id="nav-search-pane" aria-hidden="false"> <div class="header__user-close"> <div class="header__user header__user--mobile"></div> <button type="button" class="btn btn--link trigger-hamburger-close js-hamburger-close"> <svg aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M23 20.168l-8.185-8.187 8.185-8.174-2.832-2.807-8.182 8.179-8.176-8.179-2.81 2.81 8.186 8.196-8.186 8.184 2.81 2.81 8.203-8.192 8.18 8.192z"/></svg> </button> </div> <div class="header__search header__search--mobile"> <form action="/search" class="form search-bar" role="search"> <div class="form__field form__field--search js-label form__field--placeholder"> <label for="search-bar__field--mobile">Search</label> <input name="q" type="text" id="search-bar__field--mobile" class="search-bar__field--mobile"> <button class="btn btn--no-style" aria-label="Search"> <svg aria-hidden="true" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path d="M9.516 14.016q1.875 0 3.188-1.313t1.313-3.188-1.313-3.188-3.188-1.313-3.188 1.313-1.313 3.188 1.313 3.188 3.188 1.313zM15.516 14.016l4.969 4.969-1.5 1.5-4.969-4.969v-0.797l-0.281-0.281q-1.781 1.547-4.219 1.547-2.719 0-4.617-1.875t-1.898-4.594 1.898-4.617 4.617-1.898 4.594 1.898 1.875 4.617q0 2.438-1.547 4.219l0.281 0.281h0.797z"></path> </svg> </button> </div> </form> </div> <div class="header__nav js-header__nav"> <nav class="primary-nav js-primary-nav" aria-label="Main Navigation" role="navigation"> <ul class="primary-nav__list "> <li class="primary-nav__item primary-nav__item--has-children primary-nav__item--has-megadropdown"> <button type="button" class="primary-nav__action js-primary-nav__action" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Research</button> <div class="primary-nav__dropdown"> <div class="primary-nav__dropdown-heading"></div> <div class="primary-nav__dropdown-body"> <a href="/research" data-is-megamenu="1" title="This is a link to the research page" class="primary-nav__dropdown-link link link--arrow" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7206">EXPLORE Research</a> <ul class="primary-nav__sublist "> <li class="primary-nav__sublist-column"> <span data-is-column="1" class="link primary-nav__sublist-heading primary-nav__sublist-heading--has-link">Findings</span> <ul class=" primary-nav__tertiary"> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/papers" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/43401">Working Papers</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/books-and-chapters" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/43406">Books & Chapters</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/research/videos" data-is-megamenu="0" data-is-column="0" data-invisible="0" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/758387">Videos</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="primary-nav__sublist-column"> <span data-is-column="1" class="link primary-nav__sublist-heading primary-nav__sublist-heading--has-link">Periodicals</span> <ul class=" primary-nav__tertiary"> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/digest" data-is-megamenu="0" data-is-column="0" data-invisible="0" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/803540">The Digest</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/reporter" data-is-megamenu="0" data-is-column="0" data-invisible="0" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/803541">The Reporter</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/brd" data-is-megamenu="0" data-is-column="0" data-invisible="0" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/803542">The Bulletin on Retirement and Disability</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/bh" data-is-megamenu="0" data-is-column="0" data-invisible="0" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/803543">The Bulletin on Health</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/be" data-is-megamenu="0" data-is-column="0" data-invisible="0" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/803544">The Bulletin on Entrepreneurship</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/bah" data-is-megamenu="0" data-is-column="0" data-invisible="0" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/803545">The Bulletin on Aging & Health Archives</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="primary-nav__sublist-column"> <span data-is-megamenu="1" data-is-column="1" class="link primary-nav__sublist-heading primary-nav__sublist-heading--has-link">Data & Business Cycles</span> <ul class=" primary-nav__tertiary"> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/research/boston-research-data-center" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/155940">Boston Research Data Center</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/research/business-cycle-dating" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/98388">Business Cycle Dating</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/research/data" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93388">Public Use Data Archive</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="primary-nav__sublist-column"> <a href="/research/topics" data-is-megamenu="0" data-is-column="1" data-invisible="0" class="link link--arrow primary-nav__sublist-heading primary-nav__sublist-heading--has-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/43411">All Topics</a> <ul class=" primary-nav__tertiary"> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/topics/taxation" data-is-megamenu="0" data-is-column="0" data-invisible="0" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/4720">Taxation</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/themes/immigration/immigrationsummary.shtml?page=1&perPage=50" data-is-megamenu="0" data-is-column="0" data-invisible="0" class="link" data-drupal-link-query="{"page":"1","perPage":"50"}" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/591">Unemployment and Immigration</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/681" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/681">Energy</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/topics/entrepreneurship" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/4701">Entrepreneurship</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/taxonomy/term/481" data-is-megamenu="0" data-is-column="0" data-invisible="0" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="taxonomy/term/481">Trade</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="primary-nav__item primary-nav__item--has-children primary-nav__item--has-megadropdown active-trail primary-nav__item--is-active"> <button type="button" class="primary-nav__action js-primary-nav__action" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Programs & Projects</button> <div class="primary-nav__dropdown"> <div class="primary-nav__dropdown-heading"></div> <div class="primary-nav__dropdown-body"> <a href="/programs-projects" data-is-megamenu="1" class="primary-nav__dropdown-link link link--arrow" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7211">EXPLORE Programs & Projects</a> <ul class="primary-nav__sublist "> <li class="primary-nav__sublist-column"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups" data-is-column="1" class="link link--arrow primary-nav__sublist-heading primary-nav__sublist-heading--has-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/43416">Programs</a> <ul class=" primary-nav__tertiary"> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups/economics-aging" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11541">Economics of Aging</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups/asset-pricing" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11546">Asset Pricing</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups/children-and-families" data-is-megamenu="0" data-is-column="0" data-invisible="0" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11551">Children and Families</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups/corporate-finance" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11556">Corporate Finance</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups/development-economics" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11641">Development Economics</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups/development-american-economy" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11561">Development of the American Economy</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups/economic-fluctuations-and-growth" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11571">Economic Fluctuations and Growth</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups/economics-education" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11566">Economics of Education</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups/economics-health" data-is-megamenu="0" data-is-column="0" data-invisible="0" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/679497">Economics of Health</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups/environment-and-energy-economics" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11636">Environment and Energy Economics</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups/industrial-organization" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11586">Industrial Organization</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups/international-finance-and-macroeconomics" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11591">International Finance and Macroeconomics</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups/international-trade-and-investment" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11596">International Trade and Investment</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups/labor-studies" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11601">Labor Studies</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups/law-and-economics" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11606">Law and Economics</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups/monetary-economics" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11611">Monetary Economics</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups/political-economy" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11631">Political Economy</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups/productivity-innovation-and-entrepreneurship" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11616">Productivity, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups/public-economics" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11621">Public Economics</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="primary-nav__sublist-column"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups#Groups" data-is-column="1" class="link link--arrow primary-nav__sublist-heading primary-nav__sublist-heading--has-link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/43416">Working Groups</a> <ul class=" primary-nav__tertiary"> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups%23Groups/behavioral-finance" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11686">Behavioral Finance</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups%23Groups/chinese-economy" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11676">Chinese Economy </a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups%23Groups/cohort-studies" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11646">Cohort Studies </a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups%23Groups/economics-crime" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11681">Economics of Crime</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups%23Groups/entrepreneurship" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11651">Entrepreneurship</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups%23Groups/gender-economy" data-is-megamenu="0" data-is-column="0" data-invisible="0" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/715312">Gender in the Economy</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups%23Groups/household-finance" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11706">Household Finance</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups%23Groups/innovation-policy" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11691">Innovation Policy</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups%23Groups/insurance" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11656">Insurance</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups%23Groups/market-design" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11696">Market Design</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups%23Groups/organizational-economics" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11671">Organizational Economics</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups%23Groups/personnel-economics" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11661">Personnel Economics</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups%23Groups/race-and-stratification-economy" data-is-megamenu="0" data-is-column="0" data-invisible="0" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/281780">Race and Stratification in the Economy</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/programs-working-groups%23Groups/urban-economics" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/11666">Urban Economics</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="primary-nav__sublist-column active-trail primary-nav__subitem--is-active"> <a href="/programs-projects/projects-and-centers" data-is-megamenu="0" data-is-column="1" data-invisible="0" class="link link--arrow primary-nav__sublist-heading primary-nav__sublist-heading--has-link is-active" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/43421">All Projects & Centers</a> <ul class=" primary-nav__tertiary"> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/boosting-grant-applications-faculty-msis" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/360310">Boosting Grant Applications from Faculty at MSIs</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/center-aging-and-health-research" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93444">Center for Aging and Health Research</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/ADRD" data-is-megamenu="0" data-is-column="0" data-invisible="0" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/915763">Center on Economics of Alzheimer's Disease</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/conference-research-income-and-wealth" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/44210">Conference on Research in Income and Wealth</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/economics-digitization" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/137721">Economics of Digitization</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/financial-frictions-and-systemic-risk" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/772597">Financial Frictions and Systemic Risk</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/healthcare-decision-making-and-outcomes-people-living-alzheimers-disease" data-is-megamenu="0" data-is-column="0" data-invisible="0" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/99656">Healthcare Decision-Making and Outcomes for People Living with Alzheimer's Disease</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/annual-conference-macroeconomics" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/98834">Macroeconomics Annual</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/measuring-clinical-and-economic-outcomes-associated-delivery-systems" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/99655">Measuring the Clinical and Economic Outcomes Associated with Delivery Systems</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/oregon-health-insurance-experiment" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93448">Oregon Health Insurance Experiment</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/retirement-and-disability-research-center" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93438">Retirement and Disability Research Center</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/nber-roybal-center-behavior-change-health" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93452">The Roybal Center for Behavior Change in Health</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/science-science-funding" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93447">Science of Science Funding</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/training-program-aging-and-health-economics" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/94634">Training Program in Aging and Health Economics</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/transportation-economics-21st-century" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/105595">Transportation Economics in the 21st Century</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="primary-nav__item primary-nav__item--has-children"> <button type="button" class="primary-nav__action js-primary-nav__action" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Conferences</button> <div class="primary-nav__dropdown"> <div class="primary-nav__dropdown-heading"></div> <div class="primary-nav__dropdown-body"> <a href="/conferences" class="primary-nav__dropdown-link link link--arrow" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/43386">EXPLORE Conferences</a> <ul class="primary-nav__sublist "> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/summer-institute" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/96979">Summer Institute</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="primary-nav__item"> <a href="/affiliated-scholars" class="primary-nav__action" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/7221">Affiliated Scholars</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__item primary-nav__item--has-children"> <button type="button" class="primary-nav__action js-primary-nav__action" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">NBER News</button> <div class="primary-nav__dropdown"> <div class="primary-nav__dropdown-heading"></div> <div class="primary-nav__dropdown-body"> <a href="/nber-news" class="primary-nav__dropdown-link link link--arrow" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/94726">EXPLORE NBER News</a> <ul class="primary-nav__sublist "> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/nber-research-news" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93183">Research in the News</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/nber-news/nobel-laureates" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/94670">Nobel Laureates</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/nber-news/featured-working-papers-archive" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/98916">Featured Working Papers Archive</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="primary-nav__item primary-nav__item--has-children"> <button type="button" class="primary-nav__action js-primary-nav__action" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Career Resources</button> <div class="primary-nav__dropdown"> <div class="primary-nav__dropdown-heading"></div> <div class="primary-nav__dropdown-body"> <a href="/career-resources" class="primary-nav__dropdown-link link link--arrow" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/120606">EXPLORE Career Resources</a> <ul class="primary-nav__sublist "> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/career-resources/research-assistant-positions-nber" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/217004">RA Positions – at NBER</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/career-resources/research-assistant-positions-not-nber" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/120216">RA Positions – not at the NBER</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/career-resources/staff-positions-nber" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/217005">Staff Positions at NBER</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/career-resources/calls-fellowship-applications" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/120607">Calls for Fellowship Applications</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/career-resources/postdoctoral-and-graduate-fellows-academic-year-2024-25" data-is-megamenu="0" data-is-column="0" data-invisible="0" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/831005">Current Fellowship Recipients</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="primary-nav__item primary-nav__item--has-children"> <button type="button" class="primary-nav__action js-primary-nav__action" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">About</button> <div class="primary-nav__dropdown"> <div class="primary-nav__dropdown-heading"></div> <div class="primary-nav__dropdown-body"> <a href="/about-nber" class="primary-nav__dropdown-link link link--arrow" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93182">EXPLORE About</a> <ul class="primary-nav__sublist "> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/about-nber/leadership-governance" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/44127">Leadership & Governance</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/about-nber/support-funding" data-is-megamenu="0" data-is-column="0" data-invisible="0" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/98501">Support & Funding</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/about-nber/history" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/44128">History</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/about-nber/standards-conduct" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93846">Standards of Conduct</a> </li> <li class="primary-nav__subitem"> <a href="/about-nber/nber-staff" data-is-megamenu="0" data-is-column="0" data-invisible="0" class="link" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/93848">Staff</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="header__utility header__utility--mobile"> <nav class="utility-nav js-utility-nav" aria-label="Utility Navigation"> <ul class="utility-nav__list"> <li class="utility-nav__item"><a href="/subscribe">Subscribe</a></li> <li class="utility-nav__item"><a href="/media">Media</a></li> <li class="utility-nav__item"><a href="/calls-papers-and-proposals">Open Calls</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="header__search header__search--desktop js-search-menu" aria-label="Search"> <button type="button" class="btn btn--icon header__search-button js-search-button" id="menu2" aria-haspopup="true" aria-controls="menu1" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="icon-search"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path d="M9.516 14.016q1.875 0 3.188-1.313t1.313-3.188-1.313-3.188-3.188-1.313-3.188 1.313-1.313 3.188 1.313 3.188 3.188 1.313zM15.516 14.016l4.969 4.969-1.5 1.5-4.969-4.969v-0.797l-0.281-0.281q-1.781 1.547-4.219 1.547-2.719 0-4.617-1.875t-1.898-4.594 1.898-4.617 4.617-1.898 4.594 1.898 1.875 4.617q0 2.438-1.547 4.219l0.281 0.281h0.797z"></path> </svg> </span> </button> <div class="header__search-drop-down js-search-content" id="menu1"> <div class="header__search-inner-container"> <form action="/search" class="form search-bar" role="search"> <div class="form__field form__field--search js-label form__field--placeholder"> <label for="search-bar__field--desktop">Search</label> <input name="q" type="text" id="search-bar__field--desktop"> <button class="btn btn--no-style" aria-label="Search"> <svg aria-hidden="true" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"> <path d="M9.516 14.016q1.875 0 3.188-1.313t1.313-3.188-1.313-3.188-3.188-1.313-3.188 1.313-1.313 3.188 1.313 3.188 3.188 1.313zM15.516 14.016l4.969 4.969-1.5 1.5-4.969-4.969v-0.797l-0.281-0.281q-1.781 1.547-4.219 1.547-2.719 0-4.617-1.875t-1.898-4.594 1.898-4.617 4.617-1.898 4.594 1.898 1.875 4.617q0 2.438-1.547 4.219l0.281 0.281h0.797z"></path> </svg> </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <main> <a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a> <div id="block-nber-breadcrumbs"> <nav class="breadcrumbs" aria-label="You are here:"> <ul class="breadcrumbs__list "> <li class="breadcrumbs__item"> <a href="/" class="breadcrumbs__link">Home</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs__item"> <a href="/programs-projects" class="breadcrumbs__link">Programs & Projects</a> </li> <li class="breadcrumbs__item"> All Projects & Centers </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="page-header page-header--no-sidebar" style="background-image: url(/sites/default/files/styles/background_image/public/2020-09/v7%20%28Source%20from%20Velir%29.png?itok=47h6iT3v )"> <div class="page-header__gradient-placeholder"></div> <div class="page-header__title-page"> <h1 class="page-header__title"> <span>Projects & Centers</span> </h1> </div> <div class="page-header__intro page-header__intro--centered page-header__intro--align-center"> <div class="page-header__intro-inner"> <p class="text-align-center">The NBER develops and disseminates economic knowledge by carrying out research projects on a wide array of issues. Most projects are funded by grants from government agencies or private foundations and involve collaboration among multiple researchers. While each project must be led by an NBER affiliate, project leaders often invite researchers without an NBER tie to contribute to their studies.</p> <p class="text-align-center">NBER research projects vary widely in size and scope, ranging from large centrally-directed projects launched by program directors to self-contained studies planned by one or two investigators. Some involve several distinct research teams, each working on one aspect of a broad topic. These projects often result in capstone research conferences at which new findings are presented and discussed, and in some cases, the conference proceedings are published as NBER books or as special issues of academic journals. Other projects have a narrower scope, and may involve one or several researchers studying a particular issue. Regardless of the project size, the findings of NBER research studies are usually distributed in the NBER working paper series before publication.</p> <p class="text-align-center">The NBER has an outstanding grant administration team that can support all types of economic research. NBER affiliates are encouraged to work with the grant administration team to develop proposals and to administer research projects. The NBER maintains an <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="afcbfeed-fc96-4d9a-bee9-c7667322de0f" href="/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/human-subjects-protection-and-institutional-review-board-irb" title="Human Subjects Protection and Institutional Review Board (IRB)">Institutional Review Board</a> for projects involving human subjects, provides data management infrastructure and computational support for grant-related research projects, and encourages the dissemination of project-related research findings through the NBER working paper series.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page-subtitle page-subtitle--centered"> <h2 class="page-subtitle__title"> Featured Projects & Centers </h2> <div class="page-subtitle__summary"> <p class="text-align-center"><span><span><span>A number of large NBER research projects are organized as Centers or Study Groups, administrative structures that facilitate the interactions between multiple research studies that explore related questions.  </span></span></span></p> </div> </div> <section class="promo-grid promo-grid--3-up"> <div class="promo-grid__promos"> <div class="today-promo js-clickable-card is-clickable today_promo_project" data-href="/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/transportation-economics-21st-century"> <div class="today-highlight-image horizontal"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/promo/public/2021-02/Transportation%20Project%20graphic%20promo-01.jpg?itok=CkQQSgoP" width="800" height="450" alt="A graphic of Daily per-Person Trip rates, by trip purpose, 1990-2017. Trips are declining over time." typeof="foaf:Image" class="today-promo__image" /> </div> <div class="today-promo__title"><a href="/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/transportation-economics-21st-century"> <span>Transportation Economics in the 21st Century</span> </a></div> <ul class="today-promo__tags"> <li class="today-promo__tag">Project</li> </ul> <div class="today-promo__desc">OverviewThis project supports research on three central issues in transportation economics:The impact of the...</div> </div> <div class="today-promo js-clickable-card is-clickable today_promo_project" data-href="/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/center-aging-and-health-research"> <div class="today-highlight-image horizontal"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/promo/public/2019-10/w26095.jpg?itok=ivz9MrC0" width="800" height="450" alt="w26095.jpg" typeof="foaf:Image" class="today-promo__image" /> </div> <div class="today-promo__title"><a href="/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/center-aging-and-health-research"> <span>Center for Aging and Health Research</span> </a></div> <ul class="today-promo__tags"> <li class="today-promo__tag">Project</li> </ul> <div class="today-promo__desc">The NBER Center for Aging and Health Research has three primary aims. The first is to coordinate research on health and...</div> </div> <div class="today-promo js-clickable-card is-clickable today_promo_project" data-href="/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/retirement-and-disability-research-center"> <div class="today-highlight-image horizontal"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/promo/public/2020-02/RRC-Fig01.jpg?itok=awrVTXtu" width="800" height="450" alt="RRC-Fig01.jpg" typeof="foaf:Image" class="today-promo__image" /> </div> <div class="today-promo__title"><a href="/programs-projects/projects-and-centers/retirement-and-disability-research-center"> <span>Retirement and Disability Research Center</span> </a></div> <ul class="today-promo__tags"> <li class="today-promo__tag">Project</li> </ul> <div class="today-promo__desc">The NBER Retirement and Disability Research Center is one of six Centers funded by cooperative agreement with the...</div> </div> </div> </section> <div id="listing-77091" class="js-search-mountnode" data-id="listing-77091"></div> <script> var config = { id: 'listing-77091', api: '/api/v1/projects_listing/contentType/project/_/_/search', type: "listing", showCalendar: true, // dateType: 'year-picker', showClear: true, showNewKey: false, showResultsSummary: true, perPageOptions: [20, 50, 100], dictionary: { resultsTitle: "Search Recent Projects", facetsTitle: "Explore Projects", facetsDescription: "NBER projects in this search date approx 3 years back.", searchBoxLabel: "Title", singleresult: "result", pluralresult: "results", perPageLabelBefore: "Show", perPageLabelAfter: "results", } }; window.nberListingConfigs = window.nberListingConfigs || []; window.nberListingConfigs.push(config); </script> <div class="logo-callout has-gradient--blue-blue"> <div class="logo-callout__inner"> <div class="logo-callout__info"> <div class="page-subtitle"> <h2 class="page-subtitle__title"> Our Funders </h2> <div class="page-subtitle__summary"> <p class="text-align-left"><span><span><span>NBER research projects are made possible by generous support from many public and private research funders. 35 organizations are currently supporting research projects at the NBER. Funders who are potentially interested in supporting NBER research initiatives should contact the Director of Research and Grants Management (alterra@nber.org).</span></span></span></p> </div> <div class="page-subtitle__cta"> <a href="/about-nber/support-funding" class="link link--arrow"> Learn more about NBER support </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="logo-callout__logos"> <div class="logo-callout__logo"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2020-05/Gates.jpg" width="225" height="225" alt="Gates.jpg" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </div> <div class="logo-callout__logo"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2020-04/NIH.jpg" width="200" height="100" alt="NIH Logo" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </div> <div class="logo-callout__logo"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2020-04/NSF.jpg" width="200" height="100" alt="NSF Logo" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </div> <div class="logo-callout__logo"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2020-04/sloan.jpg" width="200" height="100" alt="Sloan Logo" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </div> <div class="logo-callout__logo"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2020-04/Bradley.jpg" width="200" height="100" alt="Bradley Logo" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </div> <div class="logo-callout__logo"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2020-04/SSA.jpg" width="200" height="100" alt="SSA Logo" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </div> <div class="logo-callout__logo"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2020-04/Kauffman.jpg" width="200" height="100" alt="Kauffman Logo" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </div> <div class="logo-callout__logo"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/2020-04/Smith%20Richardson.jpg" width="200" height="100" alt="Smith Richardson Logo" typeof="foaf:Image" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="subfooter"> <div id="block-morefromnber"> <section class="promo-grid promo-grid--3-up"> <h2 class="promo-grid__title">More from NBER</h2> <div class="promo-grid__summary"><p>In addition to <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="aa95bd64-19e7-474c-97b9-3653432c0fec" href="/papers" title="Working Papers">working papers</a>, the NBER disseminates affiliates’ latest findings through a range of free periodicals — the <a href="https://www.nber.org/reporter">NBER Reporter</a>, the <a href="https://www.nber.org/digest">NBER Digest</a>, the <a href="https://www.nber.org/bulletin-retirement-and-disability">Bulletin on Retirement and Disability</a>, the <a href="https://www.nber.org/bulletin-health">Bulletin on Health</a>, and the <a href="https://www.nber.org/bulletin-entrepreneurship ">Bulletin on Entrepreneurship</a> — as well as online <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="97188331-2773-4610-bb94-690917cfc0f3" href="/conferences" title="Conferences">conference reports</a>, <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="0ec23aba-ec14-4ae8-a2da-248c61d30874" href="/research/lectures" title="Lectures">video lectures</a>, and <a data-entity-substitution="canonical" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="e248b7d8-f0f3-4fb0-a384-24620b4eeaab" href="/research-spotlights" title="Research Spotlights">interviews</a>.</p> </div> <div class="promo-grid__promos"> <div class="today-promo js-clickable-card is-clickable today_promo_video" data-href="/research/videos/2024-16th-annual-feldstein-lecture-cecilia-e-rouse-lessons-economists-pandemic"> <div class="today-highlight-image "> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/promo/public/2024-07/SI%202024%20Martin%20Feldstein.png?itok=iMIwiSar" width="800" height="450" alt="2024, 16th Annual Feldstein Lecture, Cecilia E. Rouse," Lessons for Economists from the Pandemic" cover slide" typeof="foaf:Image" class="today-promo__image" /> </div> <div class="today-promo__title"><a href="/research/videos/2024-16th-annual-feldstein-lecture-cecilia-e-rouse-lessons-economists-pandemic"> <span>2024, 16th Annual Feldstein Lecture, Cecilia E. Rouse," Lessons for Economists from the Pandemic"</span> </a></div> <ul class="today-promo__tags"> <li class="today-promo__tag">Feldstein Lecture</li> </ul> <ul class="today-promo__tags"> <li class="today-promo__tag"> Presenter: <span class="page-header__author-item"> <a href="/people/cecilia_rouse">Cecilia E. Rouse</a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="today-promo__desc">Cecilia Rouse, president of the Brookings Institution and a professor at Princeton University, who chaired the Council...</div> </div> <div class="today-promo js-clickable-card is-clickable today_promo_video" data-href="/research/videos/2024-methods-lecture-susan-athey-analysis-and-design-multi-armed-bandit-experiments-and-policy"> <div class="today-highlight-image "> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/promo/public/2024-08/SI%202024%20Methods%20Lectures%20Susan.png?itok=iTgJuRt6" width="800" height="450" alt=" 2024 Methods Lecture, Susan Athey, "Analysis and Design of Multi-Armed Bandit Experiments and Policy Learning"" typeof="foaf:Image" class="today-promo__image" /> </div> <div class="today-promo__title"><a href="/research/videos/2024-methods-lecture-susan-athey-analysis-and-design-multi-armed-bandit-experiments-and-policy"> <span>2024 Methods Lecture, Susan Athey, "Analysis and Design of Multi-Armed Bandit Experiments and Policy Learning"</span> </a></div> <ul class="today-promo__tags"> <li class="today-promo__tag">Methods Lectures</li> </ul> <ul class="today-promo__tags"> <li class="today-promo__tag"> Presenter: <span class="page-header__author-item"> <a href="/people/susan_athey">Susan Athey</a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="today-promo__desc">Background Materials:backgroundAthey, Susan, Undral Byambadalai, Vitor Hadad, Sanath Kumar Krishnamurthy, Weiwen Leung...</div> </div> <div class="today-promo js-clickable-card is-clickable today_promo_video" data-href="/research/videos/2024-economics-social-security-panel-earnings-inequality-and-payroll-tax-revenues"> <div class="today-highlight-image "> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/promo/public/2024-07/SI%202024%20Economics%20of%20Social%20Security%20%282%29.png?itok=hhVwHDbp" width="800" height="450" alt="2024, Economics of Social Security Panel, "Earnings Inequality and Payroll Tax Revenues"" typeof="foaf:Image" class="today-promo__image" /> </div> <div class="today-promo__title"><a href="/research/videos/2024-economics-social-security-panel-earnings-inequality-and-payroll-tax-revenues"> <span>2024, Economics of Social Security Panel, "Earnings Inequality and Payroll Tax Revenues"</span> </a></div> <ul class="today-promo__tags"> <li class="today-promo__tag">Panel Discussion</li> </ul> <ul class="today-promo__tags"> <li class="today-promo__tag"> Presenters: <span class="page-header__author-item"> <a href="/people/karen_dynan">Karen Dynan</a>, </span> <span class="page-header__author-item"> Karen Glenn, </span> <span class="page-header__author-item"> Stephen Goss, </span> <span class="page-header__author-item"> <a href="/people/fatih_guvenen">Fatih Guvenen</a> </span> <span class="page-header__author-item"> & <a href="/people/james_pearce">James Pearce</a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="today-promo__desc"></div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </main> <nav class="back-to-top"> <span aria-label="Return to top of page" class="back-to-top__link"></span> </nav> <footer class="footer"> <div id="block-footercontact" class="footer__contact"> <div class="footer__contact-name">National Bureau of Economic Research</div> <div class="footer__contact-address"> <p><a href="/contact-nber">Contact Us</a><br>1050 Massachusetts Avenue<br>Cambridge, MA 02138<br><a href="tel:+16178683900">617-868-3900</a><br><a href="mailto:info@nber.org">info@nber.org</a><br><a href="mailto:webaccessibility@nber.org">webaccessibility@nber.org</a></p> </div> </div> <div id="block-footerlinks" class="footer__accessibility"> <nav class="footer-quick-links" aria-label="Footer Quick Links"> <ul class="footer__links"> <li class="footer__link"><a href="/">Homepage</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div id="block-footerlegal" class="footer__legal"> <nav class="footer-legal" aria-label="Footer Legal Links"> <ul> <li> <a href="/about-nber/website-accessibility-policy" data-is-megamenu="0" data-is-column="0" data-invisible="0">Accessibility Policy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/nber-diversity-policy-statement" data-is-megamenu="0" data-is-column="0" data-invisible="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/638293">Diversity Policy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about-nber/nber-website-privacy-policy" data-is-megamenu="0" data-is-column="0" data-invisible="0">Privacy Policy</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="footer__follow"> <div class="footer__follow-label">Follow</div> <ul class="footer__follow-links"> <li class="footer__follow-link"><a href="https://twitter.com/nberpubs" aria-label="Follow us on X"><svg aria-hidden="true" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" width="24" height="19" viewBox="0 0 24 19"><g transform="scale(0.075,0.075) translate(10,0)"><path d="m236 0h46l-101 115 118 156h-92.6l-72.5-94.8-83 94.8h-46l107-123-113-148h94.9l65.5 86.6zm-16.1 244h25.5l-165-218h-27.4z"></path></g></svg></a></li> <li class="footer__follow-link"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/national-bureau-of-economic-research" aria-label="Connect with us on LinkedIn"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="23" viewBox="0 0 24 23" width="24" xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(-1101 -3501)"><path d="M1113.97 3510.57c2.1-3.76 11.03-4.04 11.03 3.6v9.83h-5v-8.15c0-4.9-6.03-4.53-6.03 0v8.15H1109v-15.52h4.97zM1106 3524h-5v-16h5zm0-20.5a2.5 2.5 0 1 1-5 0 2.5 2.5 0 0 1 5 0z"></path></g></svg></a></li> <li class="footer__follow-link"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/National-Bureau-of-Economic-Research/115165771829285" aria-label="Like us on Facebook"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" viewBox="0 0 12 24" width="12" xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="translate(-817 -3503)"><path d="M820 3511h-3v4h3v12h5v-12h3.64l.36-4h-4v-1.67c0-.95.2-1.33 1.11-1.33H829v-5h-3.8c-3.6 0-5.2 1.58-5.2 4.62z"></path></g></svg></a></li> <li class="footer__follow-link"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/nbervideos" aria-label="Follow us on Youtube"><svg aria-hidden="true" height="24" space="preserve" viewBox="0 0 96.875 96.875" width="24" x="0px" xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" y="0px"><g><path d="M95.201,25.538c-1.186-5.152-5.4-8.953-10.473-9.52c-12.013-1.341-24.172-1.348-36.275-1.341 c-12.105-0.007-24.266,0-36.279,1.341c-5.07,0.567-9.281,4.368-10.467,9.52C0.019,32.875,0,40.884,0,48.438 C0,55.992,0,64,1.688,71.336c1.184,5.151,5.396,8.952,10.469,9.52c12.012,1.342,24.172,1.349,36.277,1.342 c12.107,0.007,24.264,0,36.275-1.342c5.07-0.567,9.285-4.368,10.471-9.52c1.689-7.337,1.695-15.345,1.695-22.898 C96.875,40.884,96.889,32.875,95.201,25.538z M35.936,63.474c0-10.716,0-21.32,0-32.037c10.267,5.357,20.466,10.678,30.798,16.068 C56.434,52.847,46.23,58.136,35.936,63.474z"></path></g></svg></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer__front-page-disclaimer"> </div> <div class="footer__copyright"> <div class="footer__copyright-content">© 2024 National Bureau of Economic Research. All Rights Reserved.</div> </div> </footer> </div> <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/43421","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"lazy":{"lazysizes":{"lazyClass":"lazyload","loadedClass":"lazyloaded","loadingClass":"lazyloading","preloadClass":"lazypreload","errorClass":"lazyerror","autosizesClass":"lazyautosizes","srcAttr":"data-src","srcsetAttr":"data-srcset","sizesAttr":"data-sizes","minSize":40,"customMedia":[],"init":true,"expFactor":1.5,"hFac":0.8,"loadMode":2,"loadHidden":true,"ricTimeout":0,"throttleDelay":125,"plugins":[]},"placeholderSrc":"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==","preferNative":false,"minified":true,"libraryPath":"\/libraries\/lazysizes"},"sitewideAlert":{"refreshInterval":15000,"automaticRefresh":false},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"26d1413fba1aa7f45d1477d0dbe61d283f2abf396e84b0bfb570d6a345c13f85"}}</script> <script src="/core/assets/vendor/once/once.min.js?v=1.0.1"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupalSettingsLoader.js?v=10.2.10"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupal.js?v=10.2.10"></script> <script src="/core/misc/drupal.init.js?v=10.2.10"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/lazy/js/lazy.js?v=10.2.10"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/nber/assets/build/js/libraries-generated.js?snhoma"></script> <script src="/themes/custom/nber/assets/build/js/index-generated.js?snhoma"></script> <script src="/modules/contrib/sitewide_alert/js/init.js?v=10.2.10"></script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Projects & Centers | NBER