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margin: 0 !important; font-weight: normal !important; line-height: 2 !important; color: #242424 !important; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale !important; } ul, ul li, ul li a:hover, ul li .link:hover, ul li .a:hover { font-family: "NotoSans", Helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 100% !important; margin: 0 !important; font-weight: normal !important; line-height: 2 !important; color: #242424 !important; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale !important; } .steNoList { list-style-type: none !important; } #contentRow { padding-top: 19px; } #contentRow { padding-top: 0px; } .box { overflow: hidden !important; } #s4-bodyContainer { padding-bottom: 35px; } #s4-bodyContainer { overflow: hidden !important; } #s4-bodyContainer { padding-bottom: 1 !important; } #s4-bodyContainer { padding-bottom: 5px !important; } .ms-core-overlay { background-color: rgba( 255,255,255,0.85 ); } #s4-workspace { overflow: auto; position: relative; } #s4-workspace { height: auto !important; overflow-y: hidden !important; } body, .ms-core-defaultFont, #pageStatusBar, .ms-status-msg, .js-callout-body { font-family: "Segoe UI","Segoe",Tahoma,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; } body, .ms-core-defaultFont, .js-callout-body { color: #444; } body { margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; background-color: #fff; background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; } body { font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.4285; color: #333; background-color: #fff; } body { margin: 0 !important; background-color: #ececec !important; color: #242424 !important; } body { overflow-y: auto !important; } .ms-backgroundImage { background-image: url(); } html { font-size: 10px; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); } html { font-family: "NotoSans", Helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 1em !important; line-height: 1.2 !important; font-weight: normal !important; -ms-text-size-adjust: 100% !important; -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100% !important; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale !important; background-color: #60223b !important; color: #242424 !important; } ol, ul { margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; } ul { line-height: 200%; } .text-right { text-align: right !important; } .noPadL { padding-left: 0px !important; } .pad10t { padding-top: 10px !important; } .pad20b { padding-bottom: 20px !important; } .text-right { text-align: right; } .col-lg-1, .col-lg-10, .col-lg-11, .col-lg-12, .col-lg-2, .col-lg-3, .col-lg-4, .col-lg-5, .col-lg-6, .col-lg-7, .col-lg-8, .col-lg-9, .col-md-1, .col-md-10, .col-md-11, .col-md-12, .col-md-2, .col-md-3, .col-md-4, .col-md-5, .col-md-6, .col-md-7, .col-md-8, .col-md-9, .col-sm-1, .col-sm-10, .col-sm-11, .col-sm-12, .col-sm-2, .col-sm-3, .col-sm-4, .col-sm-5, .col-sm-6, .col-sm-7, .col-sm-8, .col-sm-9, .col-xs-1, .col-xs-10, .col-xs-11, .col-xs-12, .col-xs-2, .col-xs-3, .col-xs-4, .col-xs-5, .col-xs-6, .col-xs-7, .col-xs-8, .col-xs-9 { position: relative; min-height: 1px; padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; } .col-xs-1, .col-xs-10, .col-xs-11, .col-xs-12, .col-xs-2, .col-xs-3, .col-xs-4, .col-xs-5, .col-xs-6, .col-xs-7, .col-xs-8, .col-xs-9 { float: left; } .col-xs-12 { width: 100%; } /* @media all and (min-width:768px) */ .col-sm-1, .col-sm-10, .col-sm-11, .col-sm-12, .col-sm-2, .col-sm-3, .col-sm-4, .col-sm-5, .col-sm-6, .col-sm-7, .col-sm-8, .col-sm-9 { float: left; } /* @media all and (min-width:768px) */ .col-sm-3 { width: 25%; } /* @media all and (min-width:768px) */ .col-sm-4 { width: 33.33%; } /* @media all and (min-width:768px) */ .col-sm-5 { width: 41.66%; } /* @media all and (min-width:768px) */ .col-sm-12 { width: 100%; } /* @media all and (min-width:992px) */ .col-md-1, .col-md-10, .col-md-11, .col-md-12, .col-md-2, .col-md-3, .col-md-4, .col-md-5, .col-md-6, .col-md-7, .col-md-8, .col-md-9 { float: left; } /* @media all and (min-width:992px) */ .col-md-3 { width: 25%; } /* @media all and (min-width:992px) */ .col-md-4 { width: 33.33%; } /* @media all and (min-width:992px) */ .col-md-5 { width: 41.66%; } /* @media all and (min-width:992px) */ .col-md-7 { width: 58.33%; } /* @media all and (min-width:1200px) */ .col-lg-1, .col-lg-10, .col-lg-11, .col-lg-12, .col-lg-2, .col-lg-3, .col-lg-4, .col-lg-5, .col-lg-6, .col-lg-7, .col-lg-8, .col-lg-9 { float: left; } /* @media all and (min-width:1200px) */ .col-lg-3 { width: 25%; } /* @media all and (min-width:1200px) */ .col-lg-4 { width: 33.33%; } /* @media all and (min-width:1200px) */ .col-lg-5 { width: 41.66%; } /* @media all and (min-width:992px) */ .col-md-12 { width: 100%; } /* @media all and (min-width:1200px) */ .col-lg-7 { width: 58.33%; } a { color: #337ab7; text-decoration: none; } a { background-color: transparent; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: objects; } a, a:hover { border: none !important; } ul li a, ul li .link, ul li .a { font-family: "NotoSans", Helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 100% !important; margin: 0 !important; font-weight: normal !important; line-height: 2 !important; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale !important; } a.study:link, a.study:visited { font-family: "NotoSans", Helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 90% !important; font-weight: normal !important; color: #242424 !important; font-weight: normal !important; text-decoration: none !important; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale !important; } a.lan:link, a.lan:visited { font-family: "NotoSans", Helvetica, sans-serif !important; font-size: 90% !important; font-weight: normal !important; color: #242424 !important; font-weight: normal !important; text-decoration: none !important; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale !important; text-transform: uppercase; } .fa { display: inline-block; font: normal normal normal 14px/1 FontAwesome; font-size: inherit; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } .fa-2x { font-size: 2em; } .fa { display: inline-block; font: normal normal normal 14px/1 FontAwesome; font-size: inherit; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } .fa-2x { font-size: 2em; } .fa { display: inline-block; font: normal normal normal 14px/1 FontAwesome; font-size: inherit; text-rendering: auto; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; } .fa-2x { font-size: 2em; } .steGrey { color: #8c979a !important; } .fa-youtube-square::before { content: "\f166"; } .fa-youtube-square::before { content: "\f166"; } .fa-youtube-square::before { content: "\f166"; } .fa-linkedin-square::before { content: "\f08c"; } .fa-twitter-square::before { content: "\f081"; } .fa-rss-square::before { content: "\f143"; } .fa-facebook-square::before { content: "\f082"; } i[class^='fa']::before { display: inline-block !important; text-decoration: none !important; } #social { -webkit-transform: scale(0.8); -moz-transform: scale(0.8); -o-transform: scale(0.8); -webkit-transition-duration: 0.5s; -moz-transition-duration: 0.5s; -o-transition-duration: 0.5s; } .fa-linkedin-square::before { content: "\f08c"; } .fa-linkedin-square::before { content: "\f08c"; } .fa-twitter-square::before { content: "\f081"; } .fa-twitter-square::before { content: "\f081"; } .fa-rss-square::before { content: "\f143"; } .fa-rss-square::before { content: "\f143"; } .fa-facebook-square::before { content: "\f082"; } .fa-facebook-square::before { content: "\f082"; } .library { font-family: "Gill Sans", sans-serif !important; font-size: 220% !important; margin: 0 !important; font-weight: 400 !important; line-height: 1.2 !important; color: #60223b !important; padding: 0 !important; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale !important; display: block; text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: -0.017em; } .infoservice { font-family: "Gill Sans", sans-serif !important; font-size: 150% !important; margin: 0 !important; font-weight: normal !important; line-height: 1.2 !important; color: #a0a0a0 !important; padding: 0 !important; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased !important; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale !important; display: block; text-transform: uppercase; } a.steHomeBtn, a.steHomeBtn:link, .steHomeBtn { border: none !important; } img { border: none; -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; } img { vertical-align: middle; } img { border-style: none; } .carousel-inner > .item > a > img, .carousel-inner > .item > img, .img-responsive, .thumbnail a > img, .thumbnail > img { display: block; max-width: 100%; height: auto; } #header1 { background: #FFF; } element { } .steMaroonb { background-color: #60223b!Important; } .container-fluid { padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; } article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, main, menu, nav, section, summary { display: block; } article, aside, details, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, main, menu, nav, section, summary { display: block; } * { -webkit-box-sizing: border-box; -moz-box-sizing: border-box; box-sizing: border-box; } .steNoList { list-style-type: none!Important; } body { color: #242424!Important; } body { font-family: "Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.42857143; color: #333; } body, .ms-core-defaultFont, .js-callout-body { color: #444; } body, .ms-core-defaultFont, #pageStatusBar, .ms-status-msg, .js-callout-body { font-family: "Segoe UI","Segoe",Tahoma,Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 13px; } /* #steHeader { background: #FFF !important; margin-left: -30px !important; margin-right: -30px !important; } #steMainNavWrapp { margin-left: -30px !important; margin-right: -30px !important; } */ body { padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; } .s-lg-guide-body { padding-left: 0px !important; padding-right: 0px !important; } /*mobile*/ .btn-releaseMobile { background: #3C1525!Important; color: #ffffff!Important; border:none!Important; box-shadow: none!Important; font-family: 'NotoSans', Helvetica, sans-serif!Important; /* 1 */ font-size: 170%!Important; font-weight:normal!Important; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased!Important; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale!Important; } .btn-releaseMobile:hover, .btn-releaseMobile:focus, .btn-releaseMobile:active, .btn-releaseMobile .active, .open > .dropdown-toggle.btn-releaseMobile { background: #3C1525!Important; border:none!Important; box-shadow: none!Important; -webkit-transition: color .4s!Important; transition: color .4s!Important; font-family: 'NotoSans', Helvetica, sans-serif!Important; /* 1 */ font-size: 170%!Important; color: #ffffff!Important; font-weight:normal!Important; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased!Important; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale!Important; } .btn-releaseMobile:active, .btn-releaseMobile .active { background: #3C1525; color: #ffffff!Important; box-shadow: none; border:none!Important; font-family: 'NotoSans', Helvetica, sans-serif!Important; /* 1 */ font-size: 170%!Important; font-weight:normal!Important; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased!Important; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale!Important; } .btn-darkmaroon { background: #3C1525!Important; color: #ffffff!Important; border:none!Important; box-shadow: none!Important; font-family: 'NotoSans', Helvetica, sans-serif!Important; /* 1 */ font-size: 100%!Important; font-weight:normal!Important; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased!Important; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale!Important; } .btn-darkmaroon:hover, .btn-darkmaroon:focus, .btn-darkmaroon:active, .btn-darkmaroon.active, .open > .dropdown-toggle.btn-darkmaroon { background: #3C1525!Important; border:none!Important; box-shadow: none!Important; -webkit-transition: color .4s!Important; transition: color .4s!Important; font-family: 'NotoSans', Helvetica, sans-serif!Important; /* 1 */ font-size: 100%!Important; color: #ffffff!Important; font-weight:normal!Important; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased!Important; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale!Important; } .btn-darkmaroon:active, .btn-darkmaroon.active { background: #3C1525; color: #ffffff!Important; box-shadow: none; border:none!Important; font-family: 'NotoSans', Helvetica, sans-serif!Important; /* 1 */ font-size: 100%!Important; font-weight:normal!Important; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased!Important; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale!Important; } .btn-maroon { background: #60223b!Important; color: #ffffff!Important; border:none!Important; box-shadow: none!Important; font-family: 'NotoSans', Helvetica, sans-serif!Important; /* 1 */ font-size: 100%!Important; font-weight:normal!Important; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased!Important; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale!Important; } .btn-maroon:hover, .btn-maroon:focus, .btn-maroon:active, .btn-maroon.active, .open > .dropdown-toggle.btn-maroon { background: #481a2c!Important; border:none!Important; box-shadow: none!Important; -webkit-transition: color .4s!Important; transition: color .4s!Important; font-family: 'NotoSans', Helvetica, sans-serif!Important; /* 1 */ font-size: 100%!Important; color: #ffffff!Important; font-weight:normal!Important; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased!Important; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale!Important; } .btn-maroon:active, .btn-maroon.active { background: #481a2c; color: #ffffff!Important; box-shadow: none; border:none!Important; font-family: 'NotoSans', Helvetica, sans-serif!Important; /* 1 */ font-size: 100%!Important; font-weight:normal!Important; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased!Important; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale!Important; } .my100{ width: 100% !important; } .col-md-3-mobile { width: 100% !important; } .panel-default > .panel-heading { color: #8c979a; padding: 15px; text-decoration: none !important; font-weight: 600; } .panel-title > .small, .panel-title > .small > a, .panel-title > a, .panel-title > small, .panel-title > small > a { color: inherit; font-weight: 400; font-size: 100%; } .panel-default > .panel-heading { color: #8c979a!Important; background-color:white!Important; border-color: 0!Important; border: 0 solid #fff!Important; } .panel { margin-bottom: 20px; background-color: #fff; border: 0 solid transparent; border-radius: 4px; -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, .05); box-shadow: 0px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,0.05); } .panel-group { margin-bottom: 20px; background-color: #F4F4F4; } .panel-group .panel-heading + .panel-collapse > .list-group, .panel-group .panel-heading + .panel-collapse > .panel-body { border-top: 0 solid #ddd!Important; } /*end mobile*/ </style> <header id="steHeader" class="steNoList steWhiteb" style="padding: 0px; z-index: 2;"> <div class="row"> <div id="headcontainer" class="container ms-dialogHidden mar10t mar15b"> <div class="row" id="header1"> <ul class="stewhiteb noPadL stewhiteb steNoList pad20b pad10t" id="steBranding"> <!--Logo block--> <li class="col-xs-12 col-sm-3 col-md-3 col-lg-3 stetitlespacelogo"> <a title="Home" class="steHomeBtn nolines" href="https://www.sun.ac.za/english"> <img class="img-responsive " id="ste-logo" alt="Home" src="https://library.sun.ac.za/Style%20Library/Images/su-logo.png"> </a> </li> <!--Logo block//--> <!--Library Name block--> <li id="titletextblock" class="col-xs-12 col-sm-4 col-md-4 col-lg-4 stetitlespace"> <a title="Library" class="steHomeBtn nolines" href="https://library.sun.ac.za/en-za/Pages/Home.aspx"> <span class="library">Library</span><a title="Library" class="steHomeBtn nolines" href="https://library.sun.ac.za/en-za/Pages/Home.aspx"> <span class="infoservice">AND Information Service</span> </li> <!--Language Name block--> <li class="col-xs-12 col-sm-5 col-md-5 col-lg-5 stetitlespace2"> <div class="row"> <div class="steSocio col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-7 col-lg-7 text-right "> <!--<a href='#'><span class="icon-facebook icolg"></span></a> <a href='#'><span class="icon-googleplus icolg"></span></a> <a href='#'><span class="icon-linkedin icolg"></span></a> <a href='#'><span class="icon-twitter icolg "></span></a>--> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-12 col-md-5 col-lg-5 steTranslate text-right noPadL"> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class=" steStudy col-md-12 text-right"> </div> </div> </li> <span class="clearfix" style="display: none;"></span> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </header> <!-- Mobile menu --> <div id="steBarsWrapp" class="container-fluid ms-hidden noPad"> <button id="releasemoMenu" type="button" class="btn btn-releaseMobile my100 steWhite" href="#" style="padding:10px 24px!Important;"><i class="fa fa-bars pad10R mar10t" aria-hidden="true"></i>Main Menu</button> <button id="releasemoMenuB" type="button" class="btn btn-releaseMobile my100 steWhite ms-hidden" href="#" style="padding:10px 24px!Important;"><i class="fa fa-times-circle pad10R mar10t" aria-hidden="true"></i>Close Menu</button> </div> </div> <div id="steOnlyMobileMenu" class="container-fluid ms-hidden steWhiteb noPad"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="panel-group noMar text-center" id="accordion"> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a href="https://library.sun.ac.za/en-za/Search">Find</a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapseOne" class="panel-collapse collapse "></div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a href="https://library.sun.ac.za/en-za/Usingthelibrary/">Using the Library</a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapseTwo" class="panel-collapse collapse"></div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a href="https://library.sun.ac.za/en-za/Research/">Research</a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapseThree" class="panel-collapse collapse"></div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a href="https://library.sun.ac.za/en-za/Learning/">Learning</a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapseFour" class="panel-collapse collapse"> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i> <a href="https://library.sun.ac.za/en-za/Libraries/">Libraries</a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapseFive" class="panel-collapse collapse"> </div> </div> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"> <h4 class="panel-title"> <i class="fa fa-angle-right" aria-hidden="true"></i><a href="https://library.sun.ac.za/en-za/Help/">Help</a> </h4> </div> <div id="collapseSix" 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They will also assist you to question and evaluate information, show you how to reference, to comply with copyright and avoid plagiarism. For subject specific help with your work, consult your <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Flibguides.sun.ac.za%2F%3Fb%3Ds&amp;data=02%7C01%7C%7Cd33853a99c344840e82208d7e052b849%7Ca6fa3b030a3c42588433a120dffcd348%7C0%7C0%7C637224518188791192&amp;sdata=obw8tQ8W0pshomVXyf%2BUcRRjwzeNyMpEDEsVeGHcL%2Bk%3D&amp;reserved=0" target="_blank" title="Original URL: http://libguides.sun.ac.za/?b=s. Click or tap if you trust this link.">subject library guide</a>, contact your <a href="https://library.sun.ac.za/en-za/AboutUs/ContactUs/Pages/fbs.aspx" target="_blank" title="Original URL: http://libguides.sun.ac.za/?b=s. Click or tap if you trust this link.">faculty librarian</a> or use our online reference service, <a href="http://libanswers.sun.ac.za/">Ask a Librarian</a>.</p> <p><span style="font-size:11px;"><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana;"></span></span><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana; font-size: 7.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12px;"><span class="GramE"><strong><span style="color: black; font-family: Verdana;"></span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: rgb(178, 34, 34);"></span></span></strong></span></span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div><div id="s-lg-box-wrapper-19741686" class="s-lg-box-wrapper-19741686"><div id="s-lg-box-16761497-container" class="s-lib-box-container"> <div id="s-lg-box-16761497" class="s-lib-box s-lib-box-std"> <h2 class="s-lib-box-title">Acknowledgement</h2><div id="s-lg-box-collapse-16761497" > <div class="s-lib-box-content"> <div id="s-lg-content-36811874" class=" clearfix"> <p>Some aspects of the framework&nbsp;of this libguide as well as&nbsp;parts of the content of the libguide&nbsp;were copied, with permission, from <a title="The Research Process: A Step-By-Step Guide " href="http://jwudenver.libguides.com/researchprocess" target="_blank">The Research process: step by step libguide</a>&nbsp;of the Johnson &amp; Whales University.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div></div></div></div><div class="row s-lg-row"><div id="s-lg-col-127" class="col-md-12"><div class="s-lg-col-boxes"></div></div></div> <ul id="s-lg-page-prevnext" class="pager s-lib-hide"><li class="previous"></li><li class="next"><a href="https://libguides.sun.ac.za/c.php?g=742962&p=5316322"><strong>Next:</strong> Start out &gt;&gt;</a></li></ul></div> <!-- END: Guide Content --> <!-- BEGIN: Page Footer --> <div id="s-lib-footer-public" class="s-lib-footer footer container s-lib-side-borders"> <div id="s-lg-guide-header-meta" class="pad-top-sm pad-left-med clearfix"> <ul 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