CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91357debb8f9831e',cH: 'UIzzgyOS6RbrOMaoDAiUD7m5sJedRwzFWWHloc6JvHA-1739792314-1.2.1.1-yLFfV3CloSeSlI4rQ3vGlCmXWQYz5pdaU0jPNU_0KRf6_DEu2b5qa1b4Ck2766Vj',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Chunlin%20Liu&__cf_chl_tk=3bz.vfmpUBlQsIqKuD28JVfVG1k8kco.0ahs0aRXvSA-1739792314-1.0.1.1-4VxZ8CFvGVRLVe6cbSS2wLRpLss03hlOM3s9odDHDUk",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739792314',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Chunlin%20Liu&__cf_chl_f_tk=3bz.vfmpUBlQsIqKuD28JVfVG1k8kco.0ahs0aRXvSA-1739792314-1.0.1.1-4VxZ8CFvGVRLVe6cbSS2wLRpLss03hlOM3s9odDHDUk",md: "5VOHE.VazH7Cfy9dJYCwrR6MJgqx6xUcTyytrr9p_Hs-1739792314-1.2.1.1-NWopGe.tx5tFNomlru7FXyTn.7pwF0vTSlrbyzmLZAMX.wP0SVYIZiIoNO31Pdgc_9e3TKptGtCcNrN2kqQSkidm_xABYjgjV_D0MDKAZxOINJFnloFxuPw4M2vs3HbMbdvN8tWDjkTyhPQCRQ5GVzLWco7scX22T1qfjcejaBWwaL_zNgUALqJxsMQNvEVFDyBuxIIcnjTHgdTYLi3YAEJjZVoivBZYfKJnhnVY1BiA1nX_x5FCrFSK.LwCpkBkCwVPXZq9ZKbR7LcNmWpVRE5PdOlonChT.NuP0j5usqQEKSHRsLICc08_Qox6dH32t2rss3KJE36C8TqvPF82KUg9iHHsSdc5zi49QDtjRTH1fK2nO8S1rlu2xjktvnZrM420x33tXJKzh7EWLSCsjYCwRmu0BM8cQLgaSxzKPviulZrRbXIH_qpfRh11Mm6s2W53engI6ZX1DhBudzwzmeb_j4r6G2rzRwqtae8zkp6WytiBGXfNj4Pht9ZiQxNFgGyeSSfgzmHArGb.BZUXiM2LyHbIlfEzG6DoqumXs3lXDw2RWk8SXhYiK5iwIRcFF9XuT.9mu8Tnnk4zLzGjdZbQ9SYgj7WEQGFl8cxnam3a3BktHLEIG2rZlQJ7KYGz6OZSQq_QO.yo4rWeLICruNmpnDFe4nv6f4Y_xLuvZ8OtoKF86NSbFPXwxRxB.XnvnTT85C0Ur5r8nKqB8LFBk50.gnYzWvXsa4rYH36OVlTU8mXuNX2VNZzxHh5OAUkFKe1KdXmuckewMV4ETMXU528_pQI6sbOW_4N87Ccoyop49SrCWnVuQUVajx8xUaKYtLgzdwjTiL_N2Ty01jNLtuajXZLVBvEDNFPeLkITAUCJUuYsA9B7YI2fyAT5sCUHSulxVdbiqlPukzL6PT_C4pfBBY1Tp7XBP_nfioXVliwwhooACeUSfBNydJ.vrWBIMKJnwkV3JjILWe0Rs929BnRVXRTDwUxAYZLv_skYTDFT6xhDS4ERZYV1YhxauEFnZID9vGKRC5bJtx6QqvxDeUlMFnfaMCRfGt0trJpc.KkHx01VwLmPrd8tSs5vQx58X1OOK3Y5EVzLhP_Px_2VSRSa6Kc_GwoGJP7i7xbXaQSVYFSgzNwmaDnJ_WwXRD1fm4KI3ZuE5GbDh6mBsy6NFcU4NOofe8IU98ykFKVVSI078B_ouRUqhPluM0dMQrmhKk5me2lx4GPAp.b185IzWq9L1dZDvcsAVshLcu1mu0NUib.bbANcII3_Fw1M2FF29Dkfpz0w2zuWzGQRGiQNfN9NEQQg0JZn0.YGiXTW9iFmmqvzMA5iPWHEQbPe.Vw3jRAXEPF8ER49v9ejNnzONsn5rU__6i0qLYlSx4nBOdEjT4aQvT2IAtHgeFnhsO0FszXSc_GxY9VCr9ce6C5evWqpi_FT2PPfiLNAfC4V7BkOycfPL7Svixkpa7T3gU.Kc6NvwK2XFBEeFpD7hZVElCfnIN0_e.UpFjyG.64.I.gHLbTkbG8ixzWl69pFIi5gMfVCU2U1bE2bMtx.9nPeFRK70oGCwYBEzW.XHJQrVqUslm9pI6x7KITY54Wc.2Ym9lyIuOhKn9HYv.3nSrkIad9j6M5LQArTLiTMswCCOovqZlVo1a_cpSlYHUOBzVB1rK8nPVB5h5ycD5qdPUrED6UA_hAbXcfXhVtZQQRIWlGEFCRoTjpitzys_1TJw4Ew8aSxMY0lqR2paNJ_WHfE4sAzkF0N67zNxlvvLBeIVAiQ_dg_jWu2xvffsiiW883jQbfj5yDKkZUhY1taQ24rFhilydvszTKo6DvtzltXWe05UEW.Ub4x1iJILIws3RrR7ZpS3CB8dHg.CzE9I5ttcReqBzqDmXWEjXwUgtCArlBQ6jGITydNpJ6E1LaL8GCLIT4EU8yVOVlCIcLC3xlAI9fi5PvxboAvPYUVr_2qJmY",mdrd: "epX4MA7qdd8cSUrgm7l8Ve5ZpOwUsAjcpxdKSi6AXIA-1739792314-1.2.1.1-d0z2gXMjQELsHhFMb86QVs.GDEdNE0yp73z91qLpOcJn7HGfERpUrY1pKPZafOoh7rXq9xo4dFoH3P3QIVtCYbsiKyq04r7ZJGPKnwo_EYUAPcDPKPyq4LIrQMlJaILMXsLWgp6M0V223NP.UPjxZVZzmmjUXVbqNpgMvRRbjw4XHzJsI3qLuEBduQazViHhvcbllxMpyYg_wJsBQITav3qgmKgWNYNoReWjoCW822YKcDbHXlzCH8OZzD.lVDdxVr2hjZWjkCLe_ZsZwJqX52Ah.8qnNpNBB9WW3aykQCRRRjBnl_9Kf4aqQ4Hq_o3_A_17B0oh5OxZzLPZHMgRuNlqk.AEFjw6lJgwV3N2EfWd2nclJ4tgd6jdVHB3v3GnMwD9b60OvenUcMfaTdjr4twHm_GZbbALIugNe9LYww66C4B0zQaxOUUln0UTz5Qfy_euKUYCBycPYhle4haWX_ZXsTM9BXSR8TeGUH4EO1FNStT.j9p.I9MxbQZQdK.CiKZndPytjSH47SoO_uW1OJOLsQZr5604OjSqWppNBTMxtzMeW0Z7nQbIqlMeKFXJa4hbtrjZdCr4TOKvENsEYsre5Mh3eczWOmzuAuqzCAeDWln.K7iyPg_oHANjYf1RtEpRFS5Pp3cUmdyzA8DP0xrjq0bbDYCc_v9M9sNFXi750sMr68RBTOmv41GO7oizvsvK_AfzZ29IGBvCXRTFyHUMvmty5b7VMYaHkDl5sjQLh1IG7s0aAs8anusPHJF6thIDgkzzwPN9tmkkKacfFSkcTFpPyN4ZvDq_GaNqfKD2szGs6nY4g7LNWE7h9uCOfTk.VRJ6xPcbjarYtf_VZJhfAo_B6g1CM3uMW9cy64cb4dI_W5i_de.Sl4C44NLnhlRPGNKKoVRYYJP_1QVjuOQMLsgVoKRj4sRUmM9CiwEprt0BioRsxtBlSbHm_KrMrmxj9vf5bM_kb17HwZ9KGBaEPMrY8xjzwim.rlAMKGhBcUX8X9b_QyrL5O2RCAasw_dd.t8D0KtwCrpc7e04J3ykjGNQYB9bZD6mfgJYS9H_veBUdWu_1HYaUgepHDCrBzhMZ3GoC.wtit3v_zxRTsYXeM_zEAQZr1qrNDfG_fGqNh2w1MWLfrbhHzGt8BhRdJgBIC2BPimf4PVjLkSWpDY3uTl9OVpwa.Ib175ec_9MJPg__rNp3v6U7e9_dD3dyUHlHHWGRH2WnfUhXDLaCaYyDdZw51KYxoFPuC.0_DZlZTVf9gP9FuyIKcB.YejibHk9sTjf_cUL3m.LY389by.Pqsdzk8qjfivd4GssiQoaUYcJjJ_F3HY1EPEm5bzeLtMLkDcYJhcFPEEaZgkRRw87yJKV8hVfgBDIVl.cCnQFaSst.usK8czzlw5uq_dtCC3Zps_cVtTAFzyxGPA5Jp7_uijGxj.IZLMMDFLYyBG5mPzuAvj_ngJx2cE2L9aAniz0ZwcymXHLeh7djtv6u3H42_aFxD0bNFDtwGTiBMeDohaROmGlYKUlZddgvY4BUWgNicuYeR5FWjrQkgGlYTGbCs00MyMS0eH1RAP91rncunpT_D1T2B1oziCw.9jkBLLZbp9Y.OMOOGGkDn3HYn3oY51LI8OlwHGNlUbHtCvaJ8rUZPZ2AE6g5c9bTi8pk3eFyv.W6LbT8K.R3wBnEKAxG35H9oR0XkLjR.ibHHbauNevNXzobbK61ljhq9OIH6OPfQXsnMbfpgRnYmgoWr9VTbPBXtlLm9zMuml8sweGPWTbgooMGjXyxXc.5YTCtvaEGMUZKEMtSo4F7itPdfv9o2kBepz3mMgh8dntME2vZtwdPDlH4luh_D5_aF0Q4fyS4a3v1AH7FTrthifssNwAB08YRgrkDVx7Z_99BtPmE7MQmiuDffuM1Z7u89_3urcuL.9K.CLo99d_JAohjL6l_UHyxLTQZPVVlVSr.0BPwBUcpEiHptx1IlEkqKTV"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91357debb8f9831e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Chunlin%20Liu&__cf_chl_rt_tk=3bz.vfmpUBlQsIqKuD28JVfVG1k8kco.0ahs0aRXvSA-1739792314-1.0.1.1-4VxZ8CFvGVRLVe6cbSS2wLRpLss03hlOM3s9odDHDUk" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>