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id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1247979735">.mw-parser-output .ib-election{line-height:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-data{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-label{width:5em;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-subheader{line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-header{font-weight:normal}@media(max-width:640px){body.skin--responsive:not(.skin-monobook):not(.skin-timeless) .mw-parser-output .ib-election .notpageimage.noresize img{height:80px!important;width:auto!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><p>General elections were held in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> on 22 and 26 November 1989 to elect the members of the <a href="/wiki/9th_Lok_Sabha" title="9th Lok Sabha">ninth</a> <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ipu.org_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipu.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The incumbent <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(Indira)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian National Congress (Indira)">Indian National Congress (Indira)</a> government under the premiership of <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a> lost its mandate, even though it was still the largest single party in the Lok Sabha.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrishna,_India_since_Independence2011343_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishna,_India_since_Independence2011343-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a>, the leader of the second largest party <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal">Janata Dal</a> (which also headed the <a href="/wiki/National_Front_(India)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Front (India)">National Front</a>) was invited by the President of India to form the government.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government was formed with outside support from the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> and Communist parties led by <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">CPI(M)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrishna,_India_since_Independence2011347_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishna,_India_since_Independence2011347-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Vishwanath_Pratap_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwanath Pratap Singh">V. P. Singh</a> was sworn in as the seventh <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> on 2 December 1989. </p><table class="infobox ib-election infobox-table vevent" style="width:300px"><caption class="infobox-title summary">1989 Indian general election</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/50px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/75px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/100px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"></span></span></span><hr></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/1984_Indian_general_election" title="1984 Indian general election">1984</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class=""><b>22 and 26 November 1989<sup id="cite_ref-ipu.org_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ipu.org-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/1991_Indian_general_election" title="1991 Indian general election">1991</a> →</td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;width:40%; text-align:center;" class="noprint">← <a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_8th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 8th Lok Sabha">outgoing members</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;width:40%; text-align:center;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_9th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 9th Lok Sabha">elected members</a> →</div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><hr>529 of the 543 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Lok_Sabha" title="Lok Sabha">Lok Sabha</a><br>265 seats needed for a majority</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Registered</th><td class="infobox-data">498,906,129</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Turnout</th><td class="infobox-data">61.95% (<span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></span></span> 2.06<a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a>)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr class="sr-only"> <th style="text-align:left;"> </th> <th style="text-align:center">First party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Second party </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #0EF4E1;"><div class=""> <div style="width: 100px; height: 120px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -5px; left: -10px; width: 120px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RajivGandhi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="RajivGandhi.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/RajivGandhi.jpg/120px-RajivGandhi.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/RajivGandhi.jpg/180px-RajivGandhi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/RajivGandhi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="184" data-file-height="230"></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #2E8B57;"><div class=""> <div style="width: 100px; height: 120px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -0px; left: -0px; width: 100px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:V._P._Singh_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="V. P. Singh (cropped).jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/V._P._Singh_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-V._P._Singh_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/V._P._Singh_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-V._P._Singh_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/V._P._Singh_%28cropped%29.jpg/200px-V._P._Singh_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="899" data-file-height="1200"></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. Singh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(Indira)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian National Congress (Indira)">INC(I)</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal">JD</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Alliance </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">INC (I)+</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal">JD+</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Last election </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">46.86%, 414 seats </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">13.50%, 14 seats </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seats won </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>197</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">143 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seat change </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></span></span> 217 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></span></span> 129 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>118,894,702</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">53,518,521 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>39.53%</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">17.79% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Swing </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></span></span> 7.33<a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></span></span> 4.29<a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="4"><hr> </td></tr> <tr class="sr-only"> <th style="text-align:left;"> </th> <th style="text-align:center">Third party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Fourth party </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #FF9933;"><div class=""> <div style="width: 100px; height: 120px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -5px; left: -20px; width: 120px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lkadvani.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Lkadvani.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Lkadvani.jpg/120px-Lkadvani.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Lkadvani.jpg/180px-Lkadvani.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Lkadvani.jpg/240px-Lkadvani.jpg 2x" data-file-width="981" data-file-height="1309"></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #cc0d0d;"><div class=""> <div style="width: 100px; height: 120px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -5px; left: -10px; width: 120px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:E._M._S._Namboodiripad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="E. M. S. Namboodiripad.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/E._M._S._Namboodiripad.jpg/120px-E._M._S._Namboodiripad.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/E._M._S._Namboodiripad.jpg/180px-E._M._S._Namboodiripad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/E._M._S._Namboodiripad.jpg/240px-E._M._S._Namboodiripad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1266" data-file-height="1680"></a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Leader </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">L. K. Advani</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/E._M._S._Namboodiripad" title="E. M. S. Namboodiripad">E. M. S. Namboodiripad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">BJP</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">CPI(M)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Alliance </th> <td style="text-align:center"> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Left_Front_(West_Bengal)" title="Left Front (West Bengal)">LF</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Last election </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">7.74%, 2 seats </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">5.87%, 22 seats </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seats won </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">85 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">33 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Seat change </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></span></span> 83 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></span></span> 11 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">34,171,477 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">19,691,309 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">11.36% </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">6.55% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Swing </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></span></span> 3.62<a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"></span></span> 0.68<a href="/wiki/Percentage_point" title="Percentage point">pp</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wahlergebnisse_Indien_1989.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Wahlergebnisse_Indien_1989.svg/300px-Wahlergebnisse_Indien_1989.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Wahlergebnisse_Indien_1989.svg/450px-Wahlergebnisse_Indien_1989.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Wahlergebnisse_Indien_1989.svg/600px-Wahlergebnisse_Indien_1989.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1383" data-file-height="1555"></a></span><div>Results by constituency</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister</a> before election</b><br> <p><a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a><br> <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(Indira)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian National Congress (Indira)">INC(I)</a> </p> </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right;"><b>Prime Minister after election</b> <br> <p><a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh" title="V. P. Singh">V. P. 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.sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Background"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Background</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Results"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Results</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Aftermath"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Aftermath</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Bibliography"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#External_links"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">External links</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1989_Indian_general_election&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>The 1989 elections were held after the Lok Sabha <a href="/wiki/1984_Indian_general_election" title="1984 Indian general election">elected in 1984</a> completed its five-year term. Although <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a> had won the 1984 elections by an unprecedented landslide (mainly due to an overwhelming outpour of <a href="/wiki/Mourning_sickness" title="Mourning sickness">popular grief</a> for to <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Indira_Gandhi" title="Assassination of Indira Gandhi">his mother's assassination</a>), by 1989 he was trying to fight off scandals that had marred his administration. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bofors_scandal" title="Bofors scandal">Bofors scandal</a>, Gandhi's supposed attempt at shielding <a href="/wiki/Adil_Shahryar" class="mw-redirect" title="Adil Shahryar">Adil Shahryar</a>, who had been involved in the <a href="/wiki/Bhopal_disaster" title="Bhopal disaster">1984 Bhopal tragedy</a>, allegations of <a href="/wiki/Pseudo-secularism" title="Pseudo-secularism">Muslim appeasement</a> in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Mohd._Ahmed_Khan_v._Shah_Bano_Begum" title="Mohd. Ahmed Khan v. Shah Bano Begum">Shah Bano case</a>, rising <a href="/wiki/Assam_Movement" title="Assam Movement">insurgency in Assam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khalistan_movement" title="Khalistan movement">insurrection in Punjab</a>, Indian involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan civil war</a> were just some of the problems that stared at his government. Rajiv's biggest critic was <a href="/wiki/Vishwanath_Pratap_Singh" class="mw-redirect" title="Vishwanath Pratap Singh">Vishwanath Pratap Singh</a>, who held the portfolios of the finance ministry and the defence ministry in the government. </p><p>But Singh was soon sacked from the Cabinet and he then resigned from his memberships in the Congress and the Lok Sabha. He formed the <a href="/wiki/Jan_Morcha" title="Jan Morcha">Jana Morcha</a> with <a href="/wiki/Arun_Nehru" title="Arun Nehru">Arun Nehru</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arif_Mohammad_Khan" title="Arif Mohammad Khan">Arif Mohammad Khan</a> and re-entered the Lok Sabha as an Independent MP from <a href="/wiki/Prayagraj_Lok_Sabha_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Prayagraj Lok Sabha constituency">Allahabad</a>. Witnessing V. P. Singh's meteoric rise on national stage, Rajiv tried to counter<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> him with another prominent Rajput stalwart <a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Narayan_Sinha" title="Satyendra Narayan Sinha">Satyendra Narain Singh</a> but failed eventually. </p><p>On 11 October 1988, the birth anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Jayaprakash_Narayan" title="Jayaprakash Narayan">Jayprakasha Narayan</a>, V. P Singh made Jana Morcha merge with the <a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a> & some of its breakaway factions like the <a href="/wiki/Janata_Party_(Secular)" title="Janata Party (Secular)">Janata Party (Secular)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lokdal" title="Lokdal">Lok Dal</a> & <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(Jagjivan)" title="Indian National Congress (Jagjivan)">Congress (Jagjivan)</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal">Janata Dal</a>. Singh then formed the National Front consisting of the Janata Dal, <a href="/wiki/Indian_Congress_(Socialist)_%E2%80%93_Sarat_Chandra_Sinha" title="Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha">Congress (Socialist)</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sarat_Chandra_Sinha" title="Sarat Chandra Sinha">Sarat Chandra Sinha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Telugu_Desam_Party" title="Telugu Desam Party">TDP</a> of <a href="/wiki/N._T._Rama_Rao" title="N. T. Rama Rao">N. T. Rama Rao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">DMK</a> of <a href="/wiki/M._Karunanidhi" title="M. Karunanidhi">M. Karunanidhi</a> & <a href="/wiki/Asom_Gana_Parishad" title="Asom Gana Parishad">AGP</a> of <a href="/wiki/Prafulla_Kumar_Mahanta" title="Prafulla Kumar Mahanta">Prafulla Mahanta</a>. The National Front also received outside support of <a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> (which had also been formed out of the Janata Party) & <a href="/wiki/Jyoti_Basu" title="Jyoti Basu">Jyoti Basu</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a>. </p><p>To remove the allegations of Muslim appeasement against the Congress (I) party, Rajiv Gandhi took the step of unlocking the gates of the <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya_dispute" title="Ayodhya dispute">disputed</a> <a href="/wiki/Babri_Masjid" title="Babri Masjid">Babri Masjid</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ayodhya" title="Ayodhya">Ayodhya</a> in 1986,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which inadvertently caused increased public consciousness about the dispute over the site. The BJP was able to galvanize significant support from the country's Hindu majority towards itself by its electoral promise of constructing a <a href="/wiki/Ram_Mandir" title="Ram Mandir">Hindu temple</a> at the site after <a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_the_Babri_Masjid" title="Demolition of the Babri Masjid">tearing down the mosque</a>. </p><p>Voting was not held in <a href="/wiki/Assam" title="Assam">Assam</a> due to rising unrest and a rebellion of <a href="/wiki/Boro_people" title="Boro people">Bodos</a>, culminating into a massacre of 535 people at <a href="/wiki/Gohpur" title="Gohpur">Gohpur</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">Union territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Goa,_Daman_and_Diu" title="Goa, Daman and Diu">Goa, Daman and Diu</a> was split into <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daman_%26_Diu" class="mw-redirect" title="Daman & Diu">Daman & Diu</a> with Goa retaining its two seats and the latter gaining a seat, resulting in the total number of Lok Sabha seats increasing by one to a total of 543. As elections were not held in Assam, only 529 seats were contested. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Results">Results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1989_Indian_general_election&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Results" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <table class="wikitable sortable"><caption></caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="5" style="text-align:center;color:black;background:#F8F9FA"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lok_Sabha_Zusammensetzung_1989.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Lok_Sabha_Zusammensetzung_1989.svg/350px-Lok_Sabha_Zusammensetzung_1989.svg.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="183" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="889" data-file-height="466"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 350px;height: 183px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Lok_Sabha_Zusammensetzung_1989.svg/350px-Lok_Sabha_Zusammensetzung_1989.svg.png" data-width="350" data-height="183" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Lok_Sabha_Zusammensetzung_1989.svg/525px-Lok_Sabha_Zusammensetzung_1989.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Lok_Sabha_Zusammensetzung_1989.svg/700px-Lok_Sabha_Zusammensetzung_1989.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2">Party</th><th scope="col">Votes</th><th scope="col">%</th><th scope="col">Seats</th></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#0EF4E1"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(Indira)" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian National Congress (Indira)">Indian National Congress (Indira)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">118,894,702</td><td style="text-align:right">39.53</td><td style="text-align:right">197</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#2E8B57"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Janata_Dal" title="Janata Dal">Janata Dal</a></td><td style="text-align:right">53,518,521</td><td style="text-align:right">17.79</td><td style="text-align:right">143</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FF9933"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">34,171,477</td><td style="text-align:right">11.36</td><td style="text-align:right">85</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#cc0d0d"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist)">Communist Party of India (Marxist)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">19,691,309</td><td style="text-align:right">6.55</td><td style="text-align:right">33</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FFED00"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Telugu_Desam_Party" title="Telugu Desam Party">Telugu Desam Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">9,909,728</td><td style="text-align:right">3.29</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#f50222"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India" title="Communist Party of India">Communist Party of India</a></td><td style="text-align:right">7,734,697</td><td style="text-align:right">2.57</td><td style="text-align:right">12</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FF0D0D"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam</a></td><td style="text-align:right">7,196,099</td><td style="text-align:right">2.39</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#22409A"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bahujan_Samaj_Party" title="Bahujan Samaj Party">Bahujan Samaj Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">6,213,390</td><td style="text-align:right">2.07</td><td style="text-align:right">3</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#009933"></td><td><a href="/wiki/All_India_Anna_Dravida_Munnetra_Kazhagam" title="All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam">All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,518,649</td><td style="text-align:right">1.50</td><td style="text-align:right">11</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#1F75FE"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">3,029,743</td><td style="text-align:right">1.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FFCF00"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Akali_Dal_(Amritsar)" title="Shiromani Akali Dal (Amritsar)">Shiromani Akali Dal (Simranjit Singh Mann)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">2,318,872</td><td style="text-align:right">0.77</td><td style="text-align:right">6</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#d84c4c"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Socialist_Party_(India)" title="Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)">Revolutionary Socialist Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,854,276</td><td style="text-align:right">0.62</td><td style="text-align:right">4</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FFFF00"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Pattali_Makkal_Katchi" title="Pattali Makkal Katchi">Pattali Makkal Katchi</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,561,371</td><td style="text-align:right">0.52</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#00FF99"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Doordarshi_Party" title="Doordarshi Party">Doordarshi Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,338,566</td><td style="text-align:right">0.45</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#ac1313"></td><td><a href="/wiki/All_India_Forward_Bloc" title="All India Forward Bloc">All India Forward Bloc</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,261,310</td><td style="text-align:right">0.42</td><td style="text-align:right">3</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#337316"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jharkhand_Mukti_Morcha" title="Jharkhand Mukti Morcha">Jharkhand Mukti Morcha</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,032,276</td><td style="text-align:right">0.34</td><td style="text-align:right">3</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#000000"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Congress_(Socialist)_%E2%80%93_Sarat_Chandra_Sinha" title="Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha">Indian Congress (Socialist) – Sarat Chandra Sinha</a></td><td style="text-align:right">978,377</td><td style="text-align:right">0.33</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#006600"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Indian_Union_Muslim_League" title="Indian Union Muslim League">Indian Union Muslim League</a></td><td style="text-align:right">974,234</td><td style="text-align:right">0.32</td><td style="text-align:right">2</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#e40017"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Indian_People%27s_Front" title="Indian People's Front">Indian People's Front</a></td><td style="text-align:right">737,551</td><td style="text-align:right">0.25</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#e77373"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Peasants_and_Workers_Party_of_India" title="Peasants and Workers Party of India">Peasants and Workers Party of India</a></td><td style="text-align:right">636,589</td><td style="text-align:right">0.21</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#0c6b4b"></td><td><a href="/wiki/All_India_Majlis-e-Ittehadul_Muslimeen" title="All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen">All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen</a></td><td style="text-align:right">617,376</td><td style="text-align:right">0.21</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Lok Dal (Bahuguna)</td><td style="text-align:right">602,110</td><td style="text-align:right">0.20</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FFCC00"></td><td>Bharatiya Republican Paksha</td><td style="text-align:right">572,434</td><td style="text-align:right">0.19</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Karnataka Rajya Ryota Sangha</td><td style="text-align:right">495,565</td><td style="text-align:right">0.16</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:darkblue"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_India_(Khobragade)" title="Republican Party of India (Khobragade)">Republican Party of India (Khobragade)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">468,615</td><td style="text-align:right">0.16</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#347C17"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Gorkha_National_Liberation_Front" title="Gorkha National Liberation Front">Gorkha National Liberation Front</a></td><td style="text-align:right">435,070</td><td style="text-align:right">0.14</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Shiromani Akali Dal (Badal)</td><td style="text-align:right">427,609</td><td style="text-align:right">0.14</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jharkhand Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">367,838</td><td style="text-align:right">0.12</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F48385"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Congress_(M)" title="Kerala Congress (M)">Kerala Congress (M)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">352,191</td><td style="text-align:right">0.12</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Shiv_Sena_(1966%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shiv Sena (1966–2022)">Shiv Sena</a></td><td style="text-align:right">339,426</td><td style="text-align:right">0.11</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#c24e4e"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Marxist_Co-ordination_Committee" title="Marxist Co-ordination Committee">Marxist Co-ordination Committee</a></td><td style="text-align:right">247,013</td><td style="text-align:right">0.08</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#1717CC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Naga_People%27s_Front" title="Naga People's Front">Nagaland People's Council</a></td><td style="text-align:right">239,124</td><td style="text-align:right">0.08</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FF9933"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_Mahasabha" title="Hindu Mahasabha">Hindu Mahasabha</a></td><td style="text-align:right">217,514</td><td style="text-align:right">0.07</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#99CC99"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Manipur_Peoples_Party" title="Manipur Peoples Party">Manipur Peoples Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">147,128</td><td style="text-align:right">0.05</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#000066"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_India" title="Republican Party of India">Republican Party of India</a></td><td style="text-align:right">129,300</td><td style="text-align:right">0.04</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Humanist Party of India</td><td style="text-align:right">122,947</td><td style="text-align:right">0.04</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#14D00D"></td><td>All India Dalit Muslim Minorities Suraksha Mahasangh</td><td style="text-align:right">120,159</td><td style="text-align:right">0.04</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#AF7050"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Maharashtrawadi_Gomantak_Party" title="Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party">Maharashtrawadi Gomantak Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">116,392</td><td style="text-align:right">0.04</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#408080"></td><td>Kuki National Assembly</td><td style="text-align:right">108,085</td><td style="text-align:right">0.04</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#0F204A"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Shiromani_Akali_Dal" title="Shiromani Akali Dal">Shiromani Akali Dal</a></td><td style="text-align:right">100,570</td><td style="text-align:right">0.03</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#990099"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Marxist_Communist_Party_of_India_(S.S._Srivastava)" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)">Marxist Communist Party of India (S.S. Srivastava)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">100,300</td><td style="text-align:right">0.03</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:green"></td><td><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_of_Arunachal" title="People's Party of Arunachal">People's Party of Arunachal</a></td><td style="text-align:right">96,181</td><td style="text-align:right">0.03</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Uttar Pradesh Republican Party</td><td style="text-align:right">91,740</td><td style="text-align:right">0.03</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#663300"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sikkim_Sangram_Parishad" title="Sikkim Sangram Parishad">Sikkim Sangram Parishad</a></td><td style="text-align:right">91,608</td><td style="text-align:right">0.03</td><td style="text-align:right">1</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FF66CC"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Amra_Bangali" title="Amra Bangali">Amra Bangali</a></td><td style="text-align:right">80,834</td><td style="text-align:right">0.03</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#fe0000"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Jammu_%26_Kashmir_National_Conference" title="Jammu & Kashmir National Conference">Jammu & Kashmir National Conference</a></td><td style="text-align:right">71,194</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">3</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#2E5694"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Mizo_National_Front" title="Mizo National Front">Mizo National Front</a></td><td style="text-align:right">70,749</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#CC6600"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Kerala_Congress" title="Kerala Congress">Kerala Congress</a></td><td style="text-align:right">68,811</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Tharasu Makkal Mandaram</td><td style="text-align:right">64,885</td><td style="text-align:right">0.02</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Democratic Party</td><td style="text-align:right">43,667</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Shoshit Samaj Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">42,282</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#336666"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Uttarakhand_Kranti_Dal" title="Uttarakhand Kranti Dal">Uttarakhand Kranti Dal</a></td><td style="text-align:right">39,465</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:Red"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_India_(Marxist%E2%80%93Leninist)" title="Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)">Communist Party of India (Marxist–Leninist)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">38,937</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td><a href="/wiki/All_India_Muslim_Majlis_(Dr._Faridi)" title="All India Muslim Majlis (Dr. Faridi)">Muslim Majlis Uttar Pradesh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">25,839</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Proutist Bloc Of India</td><td style="text-align:right">23,331</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Jammu & Kashmir Panthers Party</td><td style="text-align:right">22,625</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FF9933"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a></td><td style="text-align:right">22,446</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Karnataka Gana Parishad</td><td style="text-align:right">19,593</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Socialist Party (Lohiya)</td><td style="text-align:right">17,639</td><td style="text-align:right">0.01</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Tamiliar Kazhagam</td><td style="text-align:right">12,859</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FFB040"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Rising_Sun_Party" title="Rising Sun Party">Rising Sun Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">12,858</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#00CCFF"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress_(Jagjivan)" title="Indian National Congress (Jagjivan)">Indian Congress (J) Trikha Group</a></td><td style="text-align:right">12,539</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#33CC00"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_(India)" title="Socialist Party (India)">Socialist Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">12,430</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FF0000"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Unity_Centre_of_India_(Communist)" title="Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)">Socialist Unity Centre of India</a></td><td style="text-align:right">8,747</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>All India Garib Congress</td><td style="text-align:right">7,635</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Hul_Jharkhand_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Hul Jharkhand Party">Hul Jharkhand Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">6,663</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bhatiya Krishi Udyog Sangh</td><td style="text-align:right">5,895</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Lok Party</td><td style="text-align:right">4,731</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#7E5692"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Gorkha_League" title="Akhil Bharatiya Gorkha League">Akhil Bhartiya Gorkha League (Budhiman Gurung)</a></td><td style="text-align:right">4,426</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#2EFE64"></td><td>Shoshit Samaj Party</td><td style="text-align:right">3,756</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Scientific Vedic Revolutionary Party</td><td style="text-align:right">3,470</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Deseeya Karshaka Party</td><td style="text-align:right">3,059</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#330033"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Ram_Rajya_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Ram Rajya Parishad</a></td><td style="text-align:right">2,998</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Barat Desam Labour Party</td><td style="text-align:right">2,944</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Progressive Hul Jharkhand</td><td style="text-align:right">2,890</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Republicon Presidium Party</td><td style="text-align:right">2,791</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>West Orissa Peoples Front</td><td style="text-align:right">2,682</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>West Bengal Socialist Party (Biman Mitra)</td><td style="text-align:right">2,411</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>All India Shiromani Baba Jiwan Singh Mazhbi Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">2,368</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Akhil Bhartiya Hindustani Krantikari Samajwadi Party</td><td style="text-align:right">2,263</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Green Party of India</td><td style="text-align:right">2,142</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Akhil Baratiya Pichhra Varg Party</td><td style="text-align:right">2,055</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Tamil Nadu Peoples Welfare Association</td><td style="text-align:right">1,964</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Sadharam Rajya Parishad</td><td style="text-align:right">1,928</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Indian National Congress (O) Anti-Merger Group</td><td style="text-align:right">1,735</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Gujarat Janata Parishad</td><td style="text-align:right">1,577</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>All India Justice Party</td><td style="text-align:right">1,428</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Peoples Democracy of India</td><td style="text-align:right">1,392</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Punjab Peoples Party</td><td style="text-align:right">1,374</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#CC9999"></td><td><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Janata_Party" title="Hindustan Janata Party">Hindustan Janata Party</a></td><td style="text-align:right">1,361</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bharatha Makkal Congress</td><td style="text-align:right">1,357</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Deccan Congress</td><td style="text-align:right">1,332</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Akhil Bhartiya Lok Tantrik Party</td><td style="text-align:right">1,272</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Vijaya Shakti</td><td style="text-align:right">1,093</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bhartiya Loktantrik Mazdoor Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">1,035</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Pandav Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">918</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#FFE6B0"></td><td>National Republican Party</td><td style="text-align:right">839</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bhartiya Loktantrik Mazdoor Sangh</td><td style="text-align:right">703</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Mahabharat Peoples Party</td><td style="text-align:right">694</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Indian Union Muslim League (IML)</td><td style="text-align:right">687</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Manipur Peoples Council</td><td style="text-align:right">677</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Vishal Bharat Pary</td><td style="text-align:right">621</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Republican Party of India (Gavai Group)</td><td style="text-align:right">539</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Punjab Kairon Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">493</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Peoples Party of India</td><td style="text-align:right">478</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Indian Labour Party</td><td style="text-align:right">406</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Socialist Labour League</td><td style="text-align:right">391</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bharatiya Krantikari Kisan Sang</td><td style="text-align:right">367</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Kamaraj Desiya Congress</td><td style="text-align:right">322</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Punjab Naya Front</td><td style="text-align:right">314</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Hindu Shiv Sena</td><td style="text-align:right">160</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#F8F9FA"></td><td>Bhartiya Lok Kalyan Dal</td><td style="text-align:right">145</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#E0E6F8"></td><td>Labour Party of India</td><td style="text-align:right">99</td><td style="text-align:right">0.00</td><td style="text-align:right">0</td></tr><tr><td style="width:0px;background-color:#DCDCDC"></td><td>Independents</td><td style="text-align:right">15,793,781</td><td style="text-align:right">5.25</td><td style="text-align:right">12</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2">Nominated <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Indians" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglo-Indians">Anglo-Indians</a></td><td colspan="2"></td><td style="text-align:right">2</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold"><td colspan="2">Total</td><td style="text-align:right">300,776,423</td><td style="text-align:right">100.00</td><td style="text-align:right">531</td></tr><tr class="sortbottom"><td colspan="5" style="color:black;background:#eaecf0"></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Valid votes</th><td>300,776,423</td><td>97.32</td><td></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Invalid/blank votes</th><td>8,274,072</td><td>2.68</td><td></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="font-weight:bold;text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;background:inherit;color:inherit">Total votes</th><td>309,050,495</td><td>100.00</td><td></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><th scope="row" colspan="2" style="text-align:left;font-weight:normal;color:inherit;background:inherit">Registered voters/turnout</th><td>498,906,129</td><td>61.95</td><td></td></tr><tr class="sortbottom" style="text-align:right"><td colspan="5" style="text-align:left">Source: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eci.gov.in/files/file/4120-general-election-1989-vol-i-ii/?do=download&r=9761&confirm=1&t=1&csrfKey=0a53970c570a9414c865fa27dd5a8267">ECI</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1989_Indian_general_election&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aftermath" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>V. P. Singh, who was the head of the Janata Dal, was chosen leader of the National Front government with outside support of the BJP & CPI(M).<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The alliance broke down after Singh supported Bihar's Chief Minister <a href="/wiki/Lalu_Prasad_Yadav" title="Lalu Prasad Yadav">Lalu Prasad Yadav</a>'s step to arrest Advani in <a href="/wiki/Samastipur" title="Samastipur">Samastipur</a> to stop his <a href="/wiki/Ram_Rath_Yatra" title="Ram Rath Yatra">Ram Rath Yatra</a>, which was going to the <a href="/wiki/Babri_Masjid" title="Babri Masjid">Babri Masjid</a> site in Ayodhya on 23 October 1990. Following this incident, BJP withdrew their support to Singh government, causing them to lose parliamentary <a href="/wiki/Motion_of_no_confidence" title="Motion of no confidence">vote of confidence</a> on 7 November 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a> broke away from the Janata Dal with 64 MPs and formed the <a href="/wiki/Samajwadi_Janata_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Samajwadi Janata Party">Samajwadi Janata Party</a> in 1990. He got outside support from the Congress(I) and became the 8th Prime Minister of India. He finally resigned on 21 June 1991, after the Congress(I) withdrew its support alleging that the Chandra Shekhar government was spying on Rajiv Gandhi. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1989_Indian_general_election&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V._P._Singh_ministry" title="V. P. Singh ministry">V. P. Singh ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar_ministry" title="Chandra Shekhar ministry">Chandra Shekhar ministry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_9th_Lok_Sabha" title="List of members of the 9th Lok Sabha">List of members of the 9th Lok Sabha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_Commission_of_India" title="Election Commission of India">Election Commission of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_Indian_presidential_election" title="1987 Indian presidential election">1987 Indian presidential election</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1989_Indian_general_election&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ipu.org-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ipu.org_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ipu.org_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2145_89.htm">"INDIA: Parliamentary elections Lok Sabha, 1989"</a>. <i>Inter-Parliamentary Union</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inter-Parliamentary+Union&rft.atitle=INDIA%3A+Parliamentary+elections+Lok+Sabha%2C+1989&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipu.org%2Fparline-e%2Freports%2Farc%2F2145_89.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1989+Indian+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishna,_India_since_Independence2011343-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrishna,_India_since_Independence2011343_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrishna,_India_since_Independence2011">Krishna, India since Independence (2011)</a>, p. 343.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSumeda2024" class="citation news cs1">Sumeda (6 April 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/1989-election-coalition-politics-india-congress-loss-victory-rajiv-gandhi-vp-singh/article67679186.ece">"How the 1989 Lok Sabha election changed Indian politics"</a>. <i>The Hindu</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X">0971-751X</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=How+the+1989+Lok+Sabha+election+changed+Indian+politics&rft.date=2024-04-06&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft.au=Sumeda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F1989-election-coalition-politics-india-congress-loss-victory-rajiv-gandhi-vp-singh%2Farticle67679186.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1989+Indian+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFKrishna,_India_since_Independence2011">Krishna, India since Independence (2011)</a>, p. 349: 'The Rashtrapati Bhawan communiqué that evening was a commentary on the fractured nature of the mandate: "Since the Congress (I), elected to the Ninth Lok Sabha with the largest membership, has opted not to stake its claim for forming the Government, the President invited Mr. V. P. Singh, leader of the second largest party/group, namely the Janata Dal/National Front to form the Government and take a vote of confidence in the Lok Sabha within 30 days of his assuming office."' </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKrishna,_India_since_Independence2011347-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKrishna,_India_since_Independence2011347_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKrishna,_India_since_Independence2011">Krishna, India since Independence (2011)</a>, p. 347.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilip2006" class="citation web cs1">Philip, A. J. (7 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060907/edit.htm">"Opinion: A gentleman among politicians"</a>. <i>The Tribune (Chandigarh)</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061013081719/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2006/20060907/edit.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Tribune+%28Chandigarh%29&rft.atitle=Opinion%3A+A+gentleman+among+politicians&rft.date=2006-09-07&rft.aulast=Philip&rft.aufirst=A.+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tribuneindia.com%2F2006%2F20060907%2Fedit.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1989+Indian+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2024" class="citation web cs1">Staff, T. N. M. (3 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenewsminute.com/news/how-rajiv-gandhi-fell-for-bad-advice-to-open-babri-masjid-locks-in-1986">"How Rajiv Gandhi fell for bad advice to open Babri Masjid locks in 1986"</a>. <i>The News Minute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+News+Minute&rft.atitle=How+Rajiv+Gandhi+fell+for+bad+advice+to+open+Babri+Masjid+locks+in+1986&rft.date=2024-01-03&rft.aulast=Staff&rft.aufirst=T.+N.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenewsminute.com%2Fnews%2Fhow-rajiv-gandhi-fell-for-bad-advice-to-open-babri-masjid-locks-in-1986&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1989+Indian+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/v-p-singh-prime-minister-of-india-who-tried-to-improve-the-lot-of-the-poor-1203626.html">"V. P. Singh: Prime Minister of India who tried to improve the lot of the poor"</a></span>. <i>The Independent</i>. 19 December 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/v-p-singh-prime-minister-of-india-who-tried-to-improve-the-lot-of-the-poor-1203626.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=V.+P.+Singh%3A+Prime+Minister+of+India+who+tried+to+improve+the+lot+of+the+poor&rft.date=2008-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fv-p-singh-prime-minister-of-india-who-tried-to-improve-the-lot-of-the-poor-1203626.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1989+Indian+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/08/world/india-s-cabinet-falls-as-premier-loses-confidence-vote-by-142-346-and-quits.html">"India's Cabinet Falls as Premier Loses Confidence Vote, by 142–346, and Quits"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 8 November 1990. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180711200750/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/11/08/world/india-s-cabinet-falls-as-premier-loses-confidence-vote-by-142-346-and-quits.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=India%27s+Cabinet+Falls+as+Premier+Loses+Confidence+Vote%2C+by+142%E2%80%93346%2C+and+Quits&rft.date=1990-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1990%2F11%2F08%2Fworld%2Findia-s-cabinet-falls-as-premier-loses-confidence-vote-by-142-346-and-quits.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1989+Indian+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1989_Indian_general_election&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrishna,_India_since_Independence2011" class="citation cs2">Krishna, Ananth V. (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8v7Vr2iQUHkC"><i>India Since Independence: Making Sense Of Indian Politics</i></a>, Pearson Education India, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788131734650" title="Special:BookSources/9788131734650"><bdi>9788131734650</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+Since+Independence%3A+Making+Sense+Of+Indian+Politics&rft.pub=Pearson+Education+India&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9788131734650&rft.aulast=Krishna&rft.aufirst=Ananth+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8v7Vr2iQUHkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1989+Indian+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=1989_Indian_general_election&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/elections-1989-congressi-faces-prospect-of-being-routed-in-bihar/1/324190.html">"Elections 1989: Congress(I) faces prospect of being routed in Bihar"</a>. <i>India Today</i>. 30 November 1989.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=India+Today&rft.atitle=Elections+1989%3A+Congress%28I%29+faces+prospect+of+being+routed+in+Bihar&rft.date=1989-11-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findiatoday.intoday.in%2Fstory%2Felections-1989-congressi-faces-prospect-of-being-routed-in-bihar%2F1%2F324190.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1989+Indian+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPandya2008" class="citation web cs1">Pandya, Haresh (29 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201120194616/https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/30/world/asia/30singh.html?_r=1&">"V. P. Singh, a Leader of India Who Defended Poor, Dies at 77"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/30/world/asia/30singh.html?_r=1&">the original</a> on 20 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=V.+P.+Singh%2C+a+Leader+of+India+Who+Defended+Poor%2C+Dies+at+77&rft.date=2008-11-29&rft.aulast=Pandya&rft.aufirst=Haresh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F11%2F30%2Fworld%2Fasia%2F30singh.html%3F_r%3D1%26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1989+Indian+general+election" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox 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href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8,_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AE%E0%A7%AF" title="ভারতের সাধারণ নির্বাচন, ১৯৮৯ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ভারতের সাধারণ নির্বাচন, ১৯৮৯" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentswahl_in_Indien_1989" title="Parlamentswahl in Indien 1989 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Parlamentswahl in Indien 1989" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elecciones_generales_de_India_de_1989" title="Elecciones generales de India de 1989 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Elecciones generales de India de 1989" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lections_l%C3%A9gislatives_indiennes_de_1989" title="Élections législatives indiennes de 1989 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Élections législatives indiennes de 1989" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AF_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B5,_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF" title="भारतीय आम चुनाव, १९८९ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="भारतीय आम चुनाव, १९८९" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%91%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A7_%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%94%D7%94_(1989)" title="הבחירות ללוק סבהה (1989) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הבחירות ללוק סבהה (1989)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AE%E0%A5%AF_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE" title="१९८९ लोकसभा निवडणुका – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="१९८९ लोकसभा निवडणुका" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82" title="1989 ਭਾਰਤ ਦੀਆਂ ਆਮ ਚੋਣਾਂ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1989 ਭਾਰਤ ਦੀਆਂ ਆਮ ਚੋਣਾਂ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parlamentsvalet_i_Indien_1989" title="Parlamentsvalet i Indien 1989 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Parlamentsvalet i Indien 1989" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="1989 இந்தியப் பொதுத் தேர்தல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1989 இந்தியப் பொதுத் தேர்தல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_%E0%B0%AD%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%A4_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95_%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%81" title="1989 భారత సార్వత్రిక ఎన్నికలు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1989 భారత సార్వత్రిక ఎన్నికలు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 November 2024, at 16:46<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Content is available under <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li 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