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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1870–1871 treaties between Great Britain and the Netherlands</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;">Siak Treaty</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above description" style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ededed">Convention between Great Britain and the Netherlands relative to the treatment of British Subjects in the Kingdom of Siak Sree Indrapoora, in the Island of Sumatra<sup id="cite_ref-FCO1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCO1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signed</th><td class="infobox-data">8 September 1870<sup id="cite_ref-FCO1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCO1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Adhin9_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adhin9-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location"><a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a><sup id="cite_ref-FCO1_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCO1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Effective</th><td class="infobox-data">Rejected by the Dutch House of Representatives</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parties</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;">Recruitment Treaty</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above description" style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ededed">Convention between Great Britain and the Netherlands, relative to the Emigration of Labourers from India to the Dutch Colony of Surinam<sup id="cite_ref-FCO2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCO2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signed</th><td class="infobox-data">8 September 1870<sup id="cite_ref-Adhin9_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adhin9-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FCO2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCO2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location">The Hague, Netherlands<sup id="cite_ref-FCO2_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCO2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Effective</th><td class="infobox-data">17 February 1872</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parties</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;">Gold Coast Treaty</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above description" style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ededed">Convention between Great Britain and the Netherlands, for the transfer to Great Britain of the Dutch Possessions on the Coast of Guinea<sup id="cite_ref-FCO3_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCO3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signed</th><td class="infobox-data">25 February 1871<sup id="cite_ref-FCO3_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCO3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location">The Hague, Netherlands<sup id="cite_ref-FCO3_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCO3-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Effective</th><td class="infobox-data">17 February 1872</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parties</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%;">Sumatra Treaty</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above description" style="font-size: 100%; background-color:#ededed">Convention between Great Britain and the Netherlands, for the Settlement of their Mutual Relations in the Island of Sumatra<sup id="cite_ref-FCO4_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCO4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signed</th><td class="infobox-data">2 November 1871<sup id="cite_ref-FCO4_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCO4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location">The Hague, Netherlands<sup id="cite_ref-FCO4_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCO4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Effective</th><td class="infobox-data">17 February 1872</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parties</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Netherlands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ededed;">Full text</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/16px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/32px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Sumatra_Treaty" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Sumatra Treaty">Sumatra Treaty</a> at <a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Anglo-Dutch Treaties of 1870–1871</b> were three related <a href="/wiki/Treaty" title="Treaty">treaties</a> between <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">Great Britain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, dealing with colonial disputes and other colonial affairs between the two countries. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglo-Dutch_Treaties_of_1870%E2%80%931871&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1868, two treaties were being drafted which regulated colonial affairs between the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The first was regarding Dutch control over the island of <a href="/wiki/Sumatra" title="Sumatra">Sumatra</a>. Since 1858, the Dutch had subjected the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Siak_Sri_Indrapura" title="Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura">Sultanate of Siak Sri Indrapura</a> to its rule, drawing protest from the British. At the same time, the British were dismayed by the duties their citizens had to pay to do business there. It was clear to both parties that the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1824" title="Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824">First Sumatra Treaty of 1824</a> had to be revised; in return for recognition of full control over Siak, the Dutch awarded the British with equal commercial rights in Siak. The other treaty regulated the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Surinamese" title="Indo-Surinamese">recruitment of contract workers</a> from <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a> for the Dutch colony of <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around the same time, Engelbertus de Waal, the new liberal Dutch Minister for Colonial Affairs, wanted to cede the costly <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Gold_Coast" title="Dutch Gold Coast">Dutch Gold Coast</a> to Britain, drafting a report to that effect in 1869. Due to the negative opinion on the report by the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Council_of_State_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Council of State of the Netherlands">Council of State</a>, the issue was put off the agenda for the time being. In the meantime, though, minister De Waal secretly began negotiating with the British about relinquishing the Gold Coast to British control, provoking an official British proposal to that effect in 1870. On 21 June 1870, the Council of State replied positive to this proposal, on the condition that such a cession be coupled with a recognition of Dutch control and influence in the East Indies.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To this effect, the Dutch requested a more extensive application of the recruitment treaty for contract workers, and an extra clause in the Siak Treaty establishing the <a href="/wiki/Aceh_Sultanate" title="Aceh Sultanate">Aceh Sultanate</a> as part of the Dutch area of influence. The British rejected these requests, and because the Netherlands itself had provoked the British request for cession of the Gold Coast, the Dutch government could do little more than signing the Recruitment and Siak treaties on 8 September 1870.<sup id="cite_ref-Adhin9_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adhin9-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Meanwhile, the British put forward some additional conditions on the cession of the Gold Coast, requesting that the Siak and Recruitment treaties should be ratified simultaneously, so that recruitment could only happen if the British would have their equal rights in Siak. For reasons of personal prestige, minister De Waal requested that the Gold Coast treaty would be ratified simultaneously as well, making the three treaties dependent on each other. The Gold Coast Treaty was signed on 25 February 1871.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a curious twist of events, the Siak Treaty was rejected in the Dutch <a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Representatives of the Netherlands">House of Representatives</a> by a vote of 38–36, while the Gold Coast Treaty was adopted by a vote of 34–30. Instead of withdrawing all three treaties, the British conceded to renegotiating the Siak Treaty, eager as they were to gain equal rights in Siak. As per Dutch requests, the new treaty, now termed Sumatra Treaty, established full Dutch influence over the <a href="/wiki/Aceh_Sultanate" title="Aceh Sultanate">Aceh Sultanate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Adhin_1961_11_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adhin_1961_11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new treaty was signed in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a> on 2 November 1871, together with an additional protocol to the Gold Coast Treaty which allowed the Netherlands to once more <a href="/wiki/Zwarte_Hollanders" class="mw-redirect" title="Zwarte Hollanders">recruit soldiers for the Netherlands Indies Army</a> in the Gold Coast.<sup id="cite_ref-FCO4_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCO4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dutch <a href="/wiki/Senate_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate of the Netherlands">Senate</a> adopted the three treaties on 17 and 18 January 1872, paving the way for full Dutch ratification on 17 February 1872.<sup id="cite_ref-Adhin_1961_11_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adhin_1961_11-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 6 April 1872, the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Gold_Coast" title="Dutch Gold Coast">Dutch Gold Coast</a> was officially ceded to the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglo-Dutch_Treaties_of_1870%E2%80%931871&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Gold_Coast_Treaty_(1867)" title="Anglo-Dutch Gold Coast Treaty (1867)">Anglo-Dutch Gold Coast Treaty (1867)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1814" title="Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814">Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Dutch_Treaty_of_1824" title="Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824">Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aceh_War" title="Aceh War">Aceh War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Netherlands–United Kingdom relations">Netherlands–United Kingdom relations</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglo-Dutch_Treaties_of_1870%E2%80%931871&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FCO1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FCO1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FCO1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FCO1_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Foreign and Commonwealth Office - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/treaties/treaties-landing/records/08400/08422">Convention between Great Britain and the Netherlands relative to the treatment of British Subjects in the Kingdom of Siak Sree Indrapoora, in the Island of Sumatra</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927180810/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/treaties/treaties-landing/records/08400/08422">Archived</a> 27 September 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adhin9-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Adhin9_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adhin9_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adhin9_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdhin1961">Adhin 1961</a>, p. 9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FCO2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FCO2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FCO2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FCO2_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Foreign and Commonwealth Office - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/treaties/treaties-landing/records/08400/08423">Convention between Great Britain and the Netherlands, relative to the Emigration of Labourers from India to the Dutch Colony of Surinam</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120928081546/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/treaties/treaties-landing/records/08400/08423">Archived</a> 28 September 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FCO3-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FCO3_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FCO3_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FCO3_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Foreign and Commonwealth Office - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/treaties/treaties-landing/records/08400/08426">Convention between Great Britain and the Netherlands, for the transfer to Great Britain of the Dutch Possessions on the Coast of Guinea</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120927180815/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/treaties/treaties-landing/records/08400/08426">Archived</a> 27 September 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdhin1961">Adhin 1961</a>, p. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FCO4-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FCO4_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FCO4_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FCO4_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FCO4_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Foreign and Commonwealth Office - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/treaties/treaties-landing/records/08400/08427">Convention between Great Britain and the Netherlands, for the Settlement of their Mutual Relations in the Island of Sumatra</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120928081529/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/treaties/treaties-landing/records/08400/08427">Archived</a> 28 September 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdhin1961">Adhin 1961</a>, pp. 8–9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdhin1961">Adhin 1961</a>, pp. 7–8</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdhin1961">Adhin 1961</a>, pp. 9–10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adhin_1961_11-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Adhin_1961_11_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Adhin_1961_11_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdhin1961">Adhin 1961</a>, p. 11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Foreign and Commonwealth Office - <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/treaties/treaties-landing/records/08400/08428">Protocol additional to the Convention of February 25, 1871 between Great Britain and the Netherlands for the transfer to Great Britain of the Dutch Possessions on the Gold Coast, (Recruitment of Free Labourers)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120928081538/http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/treaties/treaties-landing/records/08400/08428">Archived</a> 28 September 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAdhin1961">Adhin 1961</a>, p. 6</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anglo-Dutch_Treaties_of_1870%E2%80%931871&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAdhin1961" class="citation journal cs1">Adhin, J. H. (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kitlv-journals.nl/index.php/nwig/article/viewFile/5188/5955">"De immigratie van Hindostanen en de afstand van de Goudkust"</a>. <i>Nieuwe West-Indische Gids</i>. <b>41</b> (1): 4–13. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22134360-90002334">10.1163/22134360-90002334</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nieuwe+West-Indische+Gids&rft.atitle=De+immigratie+van+Hindostanen+en+de+afstand+van+de+Goudkust&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=4-13&rft.date=1961&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F22134360-90002334&rft.aulast=Adhin&rft.aufirst=J.+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kitlv-journals.nl%2Findex.php%2Fnwig%2Farticle%2FviewFile%2F5188%2F5955&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnglo-Dutch+Treaties+of+1870%E2%80%931871" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Ibrahim, Alfian. "Aceh and the Perang Sabil." <i>Indonesian Heritage: Early Modern History</i>. Vol. 3, ed. <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Reid_(academic)" title="Anthony Reid (academic)">Anthony Reid</a>, Sian Jay and T. Durairajoo. Singapore: Editions Didier Millet, 2001. 132-133</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRicklefs1993" class="citation book cs1">Ricklefs, M.C (1993). <i>A History of Modern Indonesia Since c. 1300</i>. Hampshire, UK: MacMillan Press. pp. 143–46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-2195-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-2195-0"><bdi>978-0-8047-2195-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Indonesia+Since+c.+1300&rft.place=Hampshire%2C+UK&rft.pages=143-46&rft.pub=MacMillan+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-2195-0&rft.aulast=Ricklefs&rft.aufirst=M.C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAnglo-Dutch+Treaties+of+1870%E2%80%931871" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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