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title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-數學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#數學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>數學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-數學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-科學" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#科學"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>科學</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-科學-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-符號" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#符號"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>符號</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-符號-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相關條目" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相關條目"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>相關條目</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相關條目-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考資料" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考資料"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參考資料</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考資料-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部链接" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部链接"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>外部链接</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部链接-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">近似</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。44种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-44" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">44种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8" title="تقريب – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تقريب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approksimasiya" title="Approksimasiya – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Approksimasiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Апраксімацыя – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Апраксімацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F" title="Апраксымацыя – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Апраксымацыя" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Апроксимация – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Апроксимация" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tostadur" title="Tostadur – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Tostadur" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aproximace" title="Aproximace – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aproximace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Аппроксимаци – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Аппроксимаци" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brasamcan" title="Brasamcan – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brasamcan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approksimation" title="Approksimation – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Approksimation" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximation" title="Approximation – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Approximation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximation" title="Approximation – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Approximation" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proksimuma_kalkulado" title="Proksimuma kalkulado – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Proksimuma kalkulado" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aproximaci%C3%B3n" title="Aproximación – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Aproximación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8" title="تقریب – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تقریب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approksimaatio" title="Approksimaatio – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Approksimaatio" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximation" title="Approximation – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Approximation" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%91" title="קירוב – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קירוב" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="सन्निकटन – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="सन्निकटन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aproksimacija" title="Aproksimacija – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Aproksimacija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Մոտարկում – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մոտարկում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penghampiran" title="Penghampiran – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Penghampiran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approssimazione" title="Approssimazione – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Approssimazione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC" title="近似 – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="近似" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аппроксимация – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аппроксимация" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%BC%EC%82%BF%EA%B0%92" title="근삿값 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="근삿값" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BE" title="Болжолдоо – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Болжолдоо" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%82_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AC%E0%A5%A7%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE)" title="अनुमानं (सन् १९६१या संकिपा) – 尼瓦尔语" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="अनुमानं (सन् १९६१या संकिपा)" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="尼瓦尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benadering" title="Benadering – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Benadering" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approksimasjon" title="Approksimasjon – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Approksimasjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aproksymacja" title="Aproksymacja – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aproksymacja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aproxima%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Aproximação – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aproximação" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аппроксимация – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аппроксимация" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approximation" title="Approximation – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Approximation" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aproxim%C3%A1cia" title="Aproximácia – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Aproximácia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipo_(huwandu)" title="Chipo (huwandu) – 绍纳语" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chipo (huwandu)" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="绍纳语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Апроксимација – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Апроксимација" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A4rmev%C3%A4rde" title="Närmevärde – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Närmevärde" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அண்ணளவாக்கம் – 泰米尔语" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அண்ணளவாக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="泰米尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Аппроксиматсия – 塔吉克语" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аппроксиматсия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="塔吉克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Апроксимація – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Апроксимація" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Approksimatsiya" title="Approksimatsiya – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Approksimatsiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A9p_x%E1%BA%A5p_x%E1%BB%89" title="Phép xấp xỉ – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phép xấp xỉ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC%E5%80%BC" title="近似值 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="近似值" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27058#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC" rel="discussion" 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.ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-问题条目 plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>本條目存在以下問題</b>，請協助<b><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC&action=edit">改善本條目</a></b>或在<b><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC" title="Talk:近似">討論頁</a></b>針對議題發表看法。 <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Copy_edit plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ambox_spelling.svg/48px-Ambox_spelling.svg.png" decoding="async" width="48" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ambox_spelling.svg/72px-Ambox_spelling.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Ambox_spelling.svg/96px-Ambox_spelling.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%AF%A9%E6%A0%B8%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:如何審核校對">編修</a>，以確保文法、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E9%81%BF%E5%85%8D%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%97%E8%A9%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:避免使用的字詞">用詞、语气</a>、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C" title="Wikipedia:格式手册">格式</a>、<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F%E6%89%8B%E5%86%8C/%E6%A0%87%E7%82%B9%E7%AC%A6%E5%8F%B7" title="Wikipedia:格式手册/标点符号">標點</a>等使用恰当。</b><span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2014年5月22日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請按照<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E5%AF%A9%E6%A0%B8%E6%A0%A1%E5%B0%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:如何審核校對">校對指引</a>，幫助<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC&action=edit">编辑</a>這個條目。（<a href="/wiki/Help:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:编辑">幫助</a>、<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC" title="Talk:近似">討論</a>）</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Expert_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目需要<b>精通或熟悉相关主题的编者</b>参与及协助编辑。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2014年5月22日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>請<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%B0%88%E5%AE%B6%E9%82%80%E8%AB%8B%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%B0%8F%E7%B5%84" title="Wikipedia:專家邀請工作小組">邀請</a>適合的人士<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC&action=edit">改善本条目</a>。更多的細節與詳情請參见<a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC" title="Talk:近似">討論頁</a>。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732972"><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/90px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">此條目<b>需要补充更多<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%88%97%E6%98%8E%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:列明来源">来源</a></b>。<span class="hide-when-compact"></span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">2014年5月22日</span>)</i></small><span class="hide-when-compact"><br /><small>请协助補充多方面<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">可靠来源</a>以<a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC&action=edit">改善这篇条目</a>，<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E4%BE%9B%E6%9F%A5%E8%AF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:可供查证">无法查证</a>的内容可能會因為<a href="/wiki/Template:Fact" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Fact">异议提出</a>而被移除。<br />致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?&as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC%22">"近似"</a> — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?q=%22%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC%22">网页</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=&as_src=-newswire+-wire+-presswire+-PR+-press+-release+-wikipedia&q=%22%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC%22">新闻</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_pub=-icon&q=%22%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC%22">书籍</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//scholar.google.com/scholar?&q=%22%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC%22">学术</a>、<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.google.com/search?tbm=isch&safe=off&q=%22%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC%22">图像</a></span>），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div><span class="hide-when-compact"></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="infobox" style="max-width:300px;float:right;padding:0 0.4em;border:1px solid #aaa;margin:0 0 0.4em 0.4em"><div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;text-align:center;font-weight:bold;padding:0.5em 0;margin:0.5em 0;font-size:120%">近似</div><div><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Approssimazione-geometrica-ellissoide-gen.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Approssimazione-geometrica-ellissoide-gen.png/300px-Approssimazione-geometrica-ellissoide-gen.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Approssimazione-geometrica-ellissoide-gen.png/450px-Approssimazione-geometrica-ellissoide-gen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Approssimazione-geometrica-ellissoide-gen.png/600px-Approssimazione-geometrica-ellissoide-gen.png 2x" data-file-width="1132" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div><table style="text-align:left;word-break:break-word;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;font-size:90%"><caption style="background-color:#f5f5f5;font-weight:bold;margin-top:0.2em"><span><span><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%80%BC%E4%BF%AE%E7%BA%A6" title="数值修约">数值修约</a></span></span></caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row">上级分类</th><td><span><span><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E6%95%B0" title="小数">小数</a></span>、<span>方法</span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27058#P279" title="编辑"><img alt="编辑" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/12px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/18px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/24px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">研究学科</th><td><span><span><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%BC%E8%BF%91%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="逼近理论">逼近理论</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-baseline noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27058#P2579" title="编辑"><img alt="编辑" 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.sidebar-heading,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-below{background:inherit!important;color:inherit!important;border-color:#54595d!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar a:not(.new):not(.mw-selflink):link{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA" title="认识论">认识论</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="padding:0.5em 0.5em 0.5em; display:block; background-color: #efefef;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="认识论大纲" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Outline of epistemology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA%E5%A4%A7%E7%BA%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="认识论大纲（页面不存在）">大纲</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_epistemology" class="extiw" title="en:Outline of epistemology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Outline of epistemology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E7%9F%A5%E8%AD%98%E8%AB%96" title="Category:知識論">分类</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="认识论条目索引" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Index of epistemology articles"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA%E6%9D%A1%E7%9B%AE%E7%B4%A2%E5%BC%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="认识论条目索引（页面不存在）">索引</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_epistemology_articles" class="extiw" title="en:Index of epistemology articles"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Index of epistemology articles</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;padding-top:0.5em;">学派</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%90%86%E8%9E%8D%E8%B2%AB%E8%AB%96" title="真理融貫論">真理融貫論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%AD%E5%A2%83%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="语境主义">语境主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%99%E6%A2%9D" title="教條">教條</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%8F%E9%AA%8C%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="经验主义">经验主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%AC%AC%E8%AB%96" title="可謬論">可謬論</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E7%A1%80%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="基础主义">基础主义</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="无谬论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Infallibilism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A0%E8%B0%AC%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="无谬论（页面不存在）">无谬论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infallibilism" class="extiw" title="en:Infallibilism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Infallibilism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="无限主义" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Infinitism"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%A0%E9%99%90%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="无限主义（页面不存在）">无限主义</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinitism" class="extiw" title="en:Infinitism"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Infinitism</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自然化认识论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Naturalized epistemology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E5%8C%96%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自然化认识论（页面不存在）">自然化认识论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturalized_epistemology" class="extiw" title="en:Naturalized epistemology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Naturalized epistemology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%80%E9%BB%9E%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="觀點主義">觀點主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9E%E7%94%A8%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="实用主义">实用主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7%E4%B8%BB%E4%B9%89" title="理性主义">理性主义</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E5%B0%8D%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="相對主義">相對主義</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6%E6%80%80%E7%96%91%E8%AE%BA" title="哲学怀疑论">哲学怀疑论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%AF%E6%88%91%E8%AB%96" title="唯我論">唯我論</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德性认识论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Virtue epistemology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%80%A7%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德性认识论（页面不存在）">德性认识论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtue_epistemology" class="extiw" title="en:Virtue epistemology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Virtue epistemology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em;">概念</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90-%E7%B6%9C%E5%90%88%E5%8D%80%E5%88%A5" title="分析-綜合區別">分析-綜合區別</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E9%A9%97%E8%88%87%E5%BE%8C%E9%A9%97" title="先驗與後驗">先驗與後驗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E5%BF%B5" title="信念">信念</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A2%BA%E5%AE%9A%E6%80%A7" title="確定性">確定性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B6%93%E9%A9%97" title="經驗">經驗</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="證成" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Justification (epistemology)"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AD%89%E6%88%90&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="證成（页面不存在）">證成</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justification_(epistemology)" class="extiw" title="en:Justification (epistemology)"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Justification (epistemology)</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%92%E7%BA%B3%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="归纳问题">归纳问题</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86" title="知识">知识</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%80%A7" title="理性">理性</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E6%99%BA" title="理智">理智</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E7%90%86" title="真理">真理</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%A1%8C%E5%90%88%E4%B8%80" title="知行合一">知行合一</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em;">领域</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="应用认识论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Applied epistemology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="应用认识论（页面不存在）">应用认识论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applied_epistemology" class="extiw" title="en:Applied epistemology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Applied epistemology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="演化认识论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Evolutionary epistemology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BC%94%E5%8C%96%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="演化认识论（页面不存在）">演化认识论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_epistemology" class="extiw" title="en:Evolutionary epistemology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Evolutionary epistemology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="形式认识论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Formal epistemology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BD%A2%E5%BC%8F%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="形式认识论（页面不存在）">形式认识论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_epistemology" class="extiw" title="en:Formal epistemology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Formal epistemology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA" title="历史认识论">历史认识论</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E8%AA%8D%E8%AD%98%E8%AB%96" title="元認識論">元認識論</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="社会认识论" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Social epistemology"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="社会认识论（页面不存在）">社会认识论</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_epistemology" class="extiw" title="en:Social epistemology"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Social epistemology</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;border-top:1px solid #A2A9B1; padding-top:0.5em;">知识学家</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E9%87%8C%E5%A3%AB%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7" title="亚里士多德">亚里士多德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%9E%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF%E5%9C%96%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E6%81%A9%E4%B8%95%E9%87%8C%E6%9F%AF" title="塞克斯圖斯·恩丕里柯">塞克斯圖斯·恩丕里柯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B1%E5%BE%B7%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%91%9B%E6%A2%AF%E5%B0%94" title="爱德蒙德·葛梯尔">爱德蒙德·葛梯尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%88%E4%BB%81" class="mw-redirect" title="王守仁">王守仁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8B%92%E5%86%85%C2%B7%E7%AC%9B%E5%8D%A1%E5%B0%94" title="勒内·笛卡尔">勒内·笛卡尔</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8D%AB%C2%B7%E4%BC%91%E8%B0%9F" title="大卫·休谟">大卫·休谟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E6%9B%BC%E5%8A%AA%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E5%BA%B7%E5%BE%B7" title="伊曼努尔·康德">伊曼努尔·康德</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A8%81%E6%8B%89%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E8%8C%83%C2%B7%E5%A5%A5%E6%9B%BC%C2%B7%E8%92%AF%E5%9B%A0" title="威拉德·范·奥曼·蒯因">威拉德·范·奥曼·蒯因</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" 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a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:110%;margin:0 8em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:110%;margin:0 5em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA%E4%BE%A7%E6%A0%8F" title="Template:认识论侧栏"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA%E4%BE%A7%E6%A0%8F" title="Template talk:认识论侧栏"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%86%E8%AE%BA%E4%BE%A7%E6%A0%8F" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:认识论侧栏"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="noteTA-46af5ebb" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh-hans:迭代;zh-hant:疊代;"></div></div></div> <div class="unicode" style="float:right; clear: right; margin: 10px; padding:30px; font-size: 400%; background-color: #ddddff; border: 1px solid #aaaaff;">∼ ≃ ≈ ≒</div> <p><b>近似</b>（英語：<span lang="en">approximation</span>），或稱<b>逼近</b>，是指一個事物和另一事物極為相似卻又不相等。近似可用於許多領域（量、數值、影像或說明）。 </p><p>近似最常用在<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%97" title="數字">數字</a>領域，也常用在<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0" title="函数">數學函數</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%A2%E7%8B%80" title="形狀">形狀</a>及<a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AE%9A%E5%BE%8B" title="物理定律">物理定律</a>中。 </p><p>在科學上，會將一物理現象轉換為一個有相似結構的模型<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。當準確的模型難以應用時，會用一個較簡單的模型來近似，簡化中間的計算，例如用<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%83%E6%A3%92%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="球棒模型">球棒模型</a>來近似實際化學分子中原子的分佈。在<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="資訊">資訊</a>不完整，無法確切陳述特定事物時，也可以用近似的方式處理。 </p><p>近似的種類會依照可以取得的資訊、需要的準確程度及使用近似可以節省的時間及精力而定。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="數學"><span id=".E6.95.B8.E5.AD.B8"></span>數學</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：數學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%BC%E8%BF%91%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="逼近理论">逼近理論</a>（<span lang="en">approximation theory</span>）是數學中的一個分支，是一種量化的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%9B%E5%87%BD%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="泛函分析">泛函分析</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9F%E7%95%AA%E5%9C%96%E9%80%BC%E8%BF%91" title="丟番圖逼近">丟番圖逼近</a>是用<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E7%90%86%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="有理數">有理數</a>來逼近<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="實數">實數</a>。當一個數的真正數值未知或難以獲得時，就可以用近似（即逼近）的方式處理。有時存在一些已知的近似值可以表示其真正數值，而又不會有太大的誤差，例如<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%93%E5%91%A8%E7%8E%87" title="圓周率">圓周率</a>π常近似為3.14159，或是√2用1.414來表示。 </p><p>當使用數字的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E6%95%88%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97" title="有效数字">有效數字</a>很小時，也會出現數值逼近的情形，運算常會帶來<a href="/wiki/%E6%8D%A8%E5%85%A5%E8%AA%A4%E5%B7%AE" title="捨入誤差">捨入誤差</a>，因此會產生逼近。像<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E6%95%B0%E8%A1%A8" title="对数表">對數表</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A8%88%E7%AE%97%E5%B0%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="計算尺">計算尺</a>及計算器在計算大部份的運算時也都會有數值逼近。像電腦計算的結果就是以有限位數的有效數字來呈現，因此也有數值逼近，不過可以藉由設計．使其逼近誤差更低，產生更準確的結果<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。在電腦處理時，當一個小數無法用有限位數的二進數小數表示時，就會產生數值逼近。 </p><p>和函數逼近有關的是函數的<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%90%E8%BF%91%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="渐近分析">漸近</a>值，也就是當函數的一個或數個變數無限制的變大時，函數所對應的數值。例如級數(<i>k</i>/2)+(<i>k</i>/4)+(<i>k</i>/8)+...(<i>k</i>/2^<i>n</i>)會漸近等於<i>k</i>。但上述的關係沒有類似<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%8F%B7" title="等号">等號</a>的固定符號來表示。有些數學書籍是用≈表示逼近等於，用~表示表示漸近等於，但也有其他書籍的表示方式恰好相反。 </p><p>另一個例子是在<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="进化算法">進化演算法</a>中，為了加速收斂的速率所導入的<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="适应度逼近" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="fitness approximation"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94%E5%BA%A6%E9%80%BC%E8%BF%91&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="适应度逼近（页面不存在）">适应度逼近</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fitness_approximation" class="extiw" title="en:fitness approximation"><span lang="en" dir="auto">fitness approximation</span></a></span>）</span></span>，可以針對<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="适应度函数" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="fitness function"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%80%82%E5%BA%94%E5%BA%A6%E5%87%BD%E6%95%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="适应度函数（页面不存在）">适应度函数</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/fitness_function" class="extiw" title="en:fitness function"><span lang="en" dir="auto">fitness function</span></a></span>）</span></span>建模，以選擇較佳的搜尋方式。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="科學"><span id=".E7.A7.91.E5.AD.B8"></span>科學</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：科學"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>在科學實驗中也有逼近的情形．科學理論的預測可能會和實際量測的結果不同，其原因可能因為有一些實際情形下的因素，在理論中沒有考慮到。例如在考慮<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E8%90%BD%E9%AB%94" title="自由落體">自由落體</a>的運動時，未考慮<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BB%E5%8A%9B" title="阻力">阻力</a>對物體的影響，因此理論也是對實際情形的一種逼近。若因為量測技術的限制，使得量測值和實際值不同，此情形的量測值也是實際值的逼近。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E5%8F%B2" title="科学史">科学史</a>上，許多定理會隨著時間演進，考慮更多的因素和影響，早期的定理也就成為後來定理的一個逼近。例如依照<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%B9%E5%BA%94%E5%8E%9F%E7%90%86" title="对应原理">对应原理</a>，較新的定理會取代較早期的定理，在適當的條件下，二個的結果相同，但較新的定理可以考慮較多的因素或是適用在一些特別的情形，此時較早期的定理就是較新的定理的一個近似<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，例如系統「大」的情況下，較早期的<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E5%85%B8%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="古典物理學">古典物理學</a>可以認為是較晚期<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="量子物理學">量子物理學</a>的一個近似。 </p><p>有些物體問題難以直接分析，或是在現有可有的解析工具下進展有限，因此利用近似可以在簡化問題的複雜程度下，得到足夠精確的結果。例如物理學家通常會假設<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83" title="地球">地球</a>為一<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%83%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="球體">球體</a>，儘管有更精確的方式可以描述<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%83%E7%9A%84%E5%BD%A2%E7%8B%80&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="地球的形狀（页面不存在）">地球的形狀</a>，不過假設<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%B0%E5%9C%86%E8%AF%B4" title="地圆说">地球為一球體</a>時，一些物理特性（如<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8D%E5%8A%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="重力">重力</a>）的計算會容易很多。 </p><p>在分析多個星體圍繞一恆星運轉時（即<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%9A%E4%BD%93%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="多体问题">多體問題</a>），也會用近似的方式處理。由於各星體之間都會有萬有引力，在計算上相當困難<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。近似的解法是利用<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%AD%E4%BB%A3" title="迭代">迭代</a>方式進行，一開始先只假設恆星不動，不考慮恆星以外各星體之間的作用力，若需要更精確的結果，則以第一次計算的位置為準，在考慮更多作用力的情形下再進行一次迭代，一直到有足夠精確的結果出現為止。利用<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AE%E6%93%BE%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96" class="mw-redirect" title="微擾理論">微擾理論</a>來修正誤差，可以得到更精確的結果。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E4%BD%B3%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="最佳化">最佳化</a>演算法中，有些問題的最佳解很不容易取得，或是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E5%A4%8D%E6%9D%82%E5%BA%A6" title="时间复杂度">時間複雜度</a>太高，此時可以用<a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="近似算法">近似演算法</a>，設法找出足夠好的解，而不一定是最佳解。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="符號"><span id=".E7.AC.A6.E8.99.9F"></span>符號</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：符號"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一般會用波浪狀或有加點的等點來表示<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>： </p> <ul><li><span style="font-size: 150%;line-height:50%;" lang="en">≈</span> (Unicode 2248), 表達近似的是「波浪」等號。</li> <li><span style="font-size: 150%;line-height:50%" lang="en"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E2%89%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="≃（页面不存在）">≃</a></span> (Unicode 2243), <span lang="en">≈</span> 和 <span lang="en">=</span> 的混合，也用於代表<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%90%E8%BF%91%E7%BA%BF" title="渐近线">漸近於</a></li> <li><span style="font-size: 150%;line-height:50%" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/%E2%89%85" class="mw-disambig" title="≅">≅</a></span> (Unicode 2245), 另一個 <span lang="en">≈</span> 和 <span lang="en">=</span> 的混合，有時用來代表<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E6%A7%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="同構">同構</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%99%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="同余关系">同余关系</a>又或幾何學的<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A8%E7%AD%89" title="全等">全等</a>。</li> <li><span style="font-size: 150%;line-height:50%" lang="en"><a href="/wiki/~" class="mw-redirect" title="~">~</a></span> (Unicode 007E), 有時用來代表<a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%94%E4%BE%8B" title="比例">正比</a>、和<a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%83%B9%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82" class="mw-redirect" title="等價關係">等價關係</a>有關、幾何學的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B8%E4%BC%BC" class="mw-redirect" title="相似">相似</a>，又或代表<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%A8%E6%A9%9F%E8%AE%8A%E6%95%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="隨機變數">隨機變數</a>根據<a href="/wiki/%E6%A6%82%E7%8E%87%E5%88%86%E5%B8%83" title="概率分布">概率分佈</a>的分佈情況。</li> <li><span style="font-size: 150%;line-height:50%" lang="en">≒</span> (Unicode 2252), 在<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC" title="日本">日本</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%9F%93%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="大韓民國">韓國</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%87%BA%E7%81%A3" title="臺灣">臺灣</a>使用</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相關條目"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.97.9C.E6.A2.9D.E7.9B.AE"></span>相關條目</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：相關條目"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r82655521">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox" style="font-size:small;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r82655520"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">查看<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%B4%E5%9F%BA%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8" title="维基词典">维基词典</a>中的词条「<b><a href="https://zh.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC" class="extiw" title="wikt:近似">近似</a></b>」。</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r79074265">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-count:3; column-width:auto;column-width:18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AD%89%E5%8F%B7#約等" title="等号">近似等號</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%BC%E8%BF%91%E8%AA%A4%E5%B7%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="逼近誤差">逼近誤差</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%8C%E4%BD%99%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="同余关系">同余关系</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E7%B1%B3%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="费米问题">费米问题</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E5%B0%8F%E4%BA%8C%E4%B9%98%E6%B3%95" title="最小二乘法">最小二乘法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC" title="线性近似">线性近似</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9B%E9%A1%BF%E6%B3%95" title="牛顿法">牛顿法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B8%E5%80%BC%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" class="mw-redirect" title="數值分析">數值分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E6%A0%BC%EF%BC%8D%E5%BA%93%E5%A1%94%E6%B3%95" class="mw-redirect" title="龙格－库塔法">龙格－库塔法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%AA%E7%BA%8C%E6%BC%B8%E8%BF%91%E5%BC%8F%E9%A1%9E%E6%AF%94%E6%95%B8%E4%BD%8D%E8%BD%89%E6%8F%9B%E5%99%A8" title="循續漸近式類比數位轉換器">循續漸近式類比數位轉換器</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E5%8B%92%E7%BA%A7%E6%95%B0" title="泰勒级数">泰勒級數</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="近似算法">近似算法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%93%E5%91%A8%E7%8E%87" title="圓周率">圓周率</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E_(%E6%95%B8%E5%AD%B8%E5%B8%B8%E6%95%B8)" class="mw-redirect" title="E (數學常數)">歐拉數</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A3%E5%BC%A6" title="正弦">正弦</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考資料"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E8.B3.87.E6.96.99"></span>參考資料</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：參考資料"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">吳明珠. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023031250/http://www.sec.ntnu.edu.tw/Monthly/97%28306-315%29/307-PDF/01-97039.pdf">科學模型本質剖析：認識論面向初探</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 科學教育月刊. 2008年4月, <b>207</b>: p2–8 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-07-24</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sec.ntnu.edu.tw/Monthly/97%28306-315%29/307-PDF/01-97039.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2020-10-23）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC&rft.atitle=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B%E6%9C%AC%E8%B3%AA%E5%89%96%E6%9E%90%EF%BC%9A%E8%AA%8D%E8%AD%98%E8%AB%96%E9%9D%A2%E5%90%91%E5%88%9D%E6%8E%A2&rft.au=%E5%90%B3%E6%98%8E%E7%8F%A0&rft.date=2008-04&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E6%9C%88%E5%88%8A&rft.pages=p2-8&rft.volume=207&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sec.ntnu.edu.tw%2FMonthly%2F97%2528306-315%2529%2F307-PDF%2F01-97039.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> 引文格式1维护：冗余文本 (<a href="/wiki/Category:%E5%BC%95%E6%96%87%E6%A0%BC%E5%BC%8F1%E7%BB%B4%E6%8A%A4%EF%BC%9A%E5%86%97%E4%BD%99%E6%96%87%E6%9C%AC" title="Category:引文格式1维护：冗余文本">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406101256/http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19957-01/806-3568/ncg_goldberg.html">Numerical Computation Guide</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-07-24</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19957-01/806-3568/ncg_goldberg.html">原始内容</a>存档于2016-04-06）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC&rft.btitle=Numerical+Computation+Guide&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.oracle.com%2Fcd%2FE19957-01%2F806-3568%2Fncg_goldberg.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150429131436/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/138678/correspondence-principle">Encyclopedia Brittanica</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-07-24</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/138678/correspondence-principle">原始内容</a>存档于2015-04-29）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Brittanica&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F138678%2Fcorrespondence-principle&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210301044001/https://plus.maths.org/content/mathematical-mysteries-three-body-problem">The three body problem</a>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-07-25</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plus.maths.org/content/mathematical-mysteries-three-body-problem">原始内容</a>存档于2021-03-01）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC&rft.btitle=The+three+body+problem&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplus.maths.org%2Fcontent%2Fmathematical-mysteries-three-body-problem&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180113165009/http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2200.pdf">Mathematical Operators – Unicode</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2013-04-20</span>]</span>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2200.pdf">原始内容</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>存档于2018-01-13）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC&rft.btitle=Mathematical+Operators+%E2%80%93+Unicode&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicode.org%2Fcharts%2FPDF%2FU2200.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部链接"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.93.BE.E6.8E.A5"></span>外部链接</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%BF%91%E4%BC%BC&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：外部链接"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84261037">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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