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Michael Neocosmos - Wikipedia

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searchaux" style="display:none">South African academic</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><b>Michael Neocosmos</b> is a South African Marxist philosopher. He is an emeritus professor in humanities at <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_University" title="Rhodes University">Rhodes University</a>, Distinguished Visiting Scholar at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Connecticut" title="University of Connecticut">University of Connecticut</a> Humanities Institute <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and a fellow at the Centre for Humanities Research at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_Western_Cape" title="University of the Western Cape">University of the Western Cape</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>Neocosmos graduated B.Sc. (1972, <a href="/wiki/Loughborough_University" title="Loughborough University">Loughborough University</a>, UK); MA (1973, <a href="/wiki/Wye_College" title="Wye College">Wye College</a>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_London" title="University of London">University of London</a>, UK), Ph.D. (1982, <a href="/wiki/Bradford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Bradford University">Bradford University</a>, UK). He has taught at various universities in the United Kingdom and in Africa, most especially at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Dar_es_Salaam" title="University of Dar es Salaam">University of Dar es Salaam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Swaziland">University of Swaziland</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Lesotho" title="National University of Lesotho">National University of Lesotho</a> where he headed the Department of Development Studies, at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Botswana" title="University of Botswana">University of Botswana</a> where he was associate professor of sociology, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pretoria" title="University of Pretoria">University of Pretoria</a> where he held the position of Professor of Sociology,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> at Monash University where he was Director of Global Movements Research and at <a href="/wiki/Rhodes_University" title="Rhodes University">Rhodes University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Grahamstown" class="mw-redirect" title="Grahamstown">Grahamstown</a>, South Africa where he was the Director of the Unit for the Humanities at Rhodes University (UHURU).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Neocosmos&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2017, Neocosmos's book <i>Thinking Freedom in Africa</i>, was awarded <i>The Frantz Fanon Award for Outstanding Book in Caribbean Thought</i> by the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Philosophical_Association" title="Caribbean Philosophical Association">Caribbean Philosophical Association</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Neocosmos&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Neocosmos&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNeocosmos1987" class="citation book cs1">Neocosmos, Michael, ed. (1987). <i>Social Relations in Rural Swaziland</i>. Kwaluseni: University of Swaziland.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Social+Relations+in+Rural+Swaziland&amp;rft.place=Kwaluseni&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Swaziland&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Neocosmos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeocosmos1993" class="citation book cs1">Neocosmos, Michael (1993). <i>The Agrarian Question in Southern Africa and "Accumulation from Below": Economics and Politics in the Struggle for Democracy</i>. Uppsala: <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Africa_Institute" title="Nordic Africa Institute">Nordic Africa Institute</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789171063427" title="Special:BookSources/9789171063427"><bdi>9789171063427</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Agrarian+Question+in+Southern+Africa+and+%22Accumulation+from+Below%22%3A+Economics+and+Politics+in+the+Struggle+for+Democracy&amp;rft.place=Uppsala&amp;rft.pub=Nordic+Africa+Institute&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.isbn=9789171063427&amp;rft.aulast=Neocosmos&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Neocosmos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeocosmos2006" class="citation book cs1">Neocosmos, Michael (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216081607/http://www.codesria.org/Links/Publications/monographs/neocosmos.pdf"><i>From Foreign Natives to Native Foreigners: Explaining Xenophobia in South Africa</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Dakar: Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782869782006" title="Special:BookSources/9782869782006"><bdi>9782869782006</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.codesria.org/Links/Publications/monographs/neocosmos.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 16 December 2008 &#8211; via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=From+Foreign+Natives+to+Native+Foreigners%3A+Explaining+Xenophobia+in+South+Africa&amp;rft.place=Dakar&amp;rft.pub=Council+for+the+Development+of+Social+Science+Research+in+Africa&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=9782869782006&amp;rft.aulast=Neocosmos&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.codesria.org%2FLinks%2FPublications%2Fmonographs%2Fneocosmos.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Neocosmos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeocosmos2016" class="citation book cs1">Neocosmos, Michael (2016). <i>Thinking Freedom in Africa: Towards a Theory of Emancipatory Politics</i>. Johannesburg: Wits University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86814-869-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86814-869-1"><bdi>978-1-86814-869-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Thinking+Freedom+in+Africa%3A+Towards+a+Theory+of+Emancipatory+Politics&amp;rft.place=Johannesburg&amp;rft.pub=Wits+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-86814-869-1&amp;rft.aulast=Neocosmos&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Neocosmos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeocosmos2021" class="citation book cs1">Neocosmos, Michael (2021). <i>Politics and Culture in African Emancipatory Thought</i>. Daraja Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781990263330" title="Special:BookSources/9781990263330"><bdi>9781990263330</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Politics+and+Culture+in+African+Emancipatory+Thought&amp;rft.pub=Daraja+Press&amp;rft.date=2021&amp;rft.isbn=9781990263330&amp;rft.aulast=Neocosmos&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Neocosmos" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeocosmos2023" class="citation book cs1">Neocosmos, Michael (2023). <i>Domains of politics and modes of rule: Political structures of the neocolonial state in Africa</i>. Daraja Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781990263774" title="Special:BookSources/9781990263774"><bdi>9781990263774</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Domains+of+politics+and+modes+of+rule%3A+Political+structures+of+the+neocolonial+state+in+Africa&amp;rft.pub=Daraja+Press&amp;rft.date=2023&amp;rft.isbn=9781990263774&amp;rft.aulast=Neocosmos&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Neocosmos" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles">Articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Neocosmos&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unisa.ac.za/Default.asp?Cmd=ViewContent&amp;ContentID=11627">From people's politics to state politics: aspects of national liberation in South Africa 1984--1994</a>, 1994</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060927121445/http://www.codesria.org/Links/Publications/icp1_04/neocosmos.pdf">Thinking the Impossible? Elements of a Critique of Political Liberalism in South Africa</a>, 2004</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ccs.ukzn.ac.za/files/review%20state%20of%20nation.pdf">The State of the Post-apartheid State: the poverty of critique on the South African left</a>, 2004</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517000432/http://www.codesria.org/Links/conferences/general_assembly11/papers/neocosmos.pdf">Citizenship, Rights and Development: Revisiting the social in Africa today</a>, 2005</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abahlali.org/node/1429">Civil society, citizenship and the politics of the (im)possible: rethinking militancy in Africa today</a>, 2007</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libcom.org/library/the-pogroms-south-africa-the-politics-fear-fear-politics-05062008">The Pogroms in South Africa: The Politics of Fear and the Fear of Politics</a>, 2008</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.monash.ac.za/staff_details/research/mneocosmos/index.html">Africa and Migration in a Globalised World</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged January 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup>, 2008</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091216092223/http://info.interactivist.net/node/13492">The Political Meaning of the Attacks on Abahlali baseMjondolo</a>, 2009</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://a.aaaarg.org/text/6413/political-conditions-social-thought-and-politics-emancipation-introduction-work-sylvain-la">The Political Conditions of Social Thought and the Politics of Emancipation: An Introduction to the work of Sylvain Lazarus</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged January 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup>, 2009</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pambazuka.org/en/category/features/72163">Mass mobilisation, ‘democratic transition’ and ‘transitional violence’ in Africa</a>, 2011</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interfacejournal.net/2011/12/interface-volume-3-issue-2-feminism-womens-movements-and-women-in-movement/">Transition, human rights and violence: rethinking a liberal political relationship in the African neo-colony</a>, <i>Interface</i>, 2011</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ru.ac.za/media/rhodesuniversity/content/politics/documents/Neocosmos.pdf">Are Those-Who-Do-Not-Count Capable of Reason? Thinking Political Subjectivity in the (Neo-)Colonial World and the Limits of History</a>, 2012</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://longreads.tni.org/state-of-power-2018/thinking-freedom-achieving-impossible-collectively/">Thinking freedom: achieving the impossible collectively - Interview with Michael Neocosmos</a>, 2018</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thetricontinental.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/tri000014_ernest-wamba-dia-wamba-interview_29-06-2022_b.pdf">The Thought and Practice of an Emancipatory Politics for Africa</a>, Interview with <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Wamba-dia-Wamba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ernest Wamba-dia-Wamba">Ernest Wamba-dia-Wamba</a>, 2022</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Neocosmos&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://longreads.tni.org/state-of-power-2018/thinking-freedom-achieving-impossible-collectively/">Thinking freedom: achieving the impossible collectively</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200804193007/https://longreads.tni.org/state-of-power-2018/thinking-freedom-achieving-impossible-collectively">Archived</a> 4 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Interview with Michael Neocosmos, 2018</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUniversity" class="citation news cs1">University, Rhodes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ru.ac.za/uhuru/people/profmichaelneocosmos/">"Rhodes University"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171115015059/https://www.ru.ac.za/uhuru/people/profmichaelneocosmos/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 November 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Rhodes+University&amp;rft.aulast=University&amp;rft.aufirst=Rhodes&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ru.ac.za%2Fuhuru%2Fpeople%2Fprofmichaelneocosmos%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Neocosmos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170118225948/http://caribphil.org/frantz-fanon-prize.html">"The Frantz Fanon Award for Outstanding Book in Caribbean Thought"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://caribphil.org/frantz-fanon-prize.html">the original</a> on 18 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Frantz+Fanon+Award+for+Outstanding+Book+in+Caribbean+Thought&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcaribphil.org%2Ffrantz-fanon-prize.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Neocosmos" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Neocosmos&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rhodes-za.academia.edu/MichaelNeocosmos">Academia.Edu Profile</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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