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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Bronne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Bronne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Inhoudsopgawe" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">19de eeu</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 159 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-159" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">159 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._Jahrhundert" title="19. Jahrhundert – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="19. Jahrhundert" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/19%E1%8A%9B%E1%8B%8D_%E1%88%9D%E1%8B%95%E1%89%B0_%E1%8B%93%E1%88%98%E1%89%B5" title="19ኛው ምዕተ ዓመት – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="19ኛው ምዕተ ዓመት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieglo_XIX" title="Sieglo XIX – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sieglo XIX" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86_19" title="القرن 19 – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="القرن 19" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%B1" title="القرن التسعتاشر – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="القرن التسعتاشر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieglu_XIX" title="Sieglu XIX – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sieglu XIX" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%80%D1%83" title="XIX гӀасру – Avaries" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="XIX гӀасру" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/19-eafa_decemda" title="19-eafa decemda – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="19-eafa decemda" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%C9%99sr" title="XIX əsr – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="XIX əsr" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9._%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84" title="۱۹. یوز ایل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۹. یوز ایل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82" title="XIX быуат – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="XIX быуат" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ka-19" title="Abad ka-19 – Balinees" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Abad ka-19" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_om%C5%BEios" title="XIX omžios – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="XIX omžios" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="XIX стагоддзе – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="XIX стагоддзе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8C%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="XIX стагодзьдзе – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="XIX стагодзьдзе" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="19 век – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="19 век" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%B6_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%80" title="উনবিংশ শতাব্দী – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উনবিংশ শতাব্দী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIXvet_kantved" title="XIXvet kantved – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="XIXvet kantved" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._vijek" title="19. vijek – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="19. vijek" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Segle_XIX" title="Segle XIX – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Segle XIX" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_si%C3%A9-g%C4%AB" title="19 sié-gī – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="19 sié-gī" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%D0%B1%D3%80%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%BE" title="XIX бӀешо – Tsjetsjeens" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="XIX бӀешо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Tsjetsjeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_19" title="Siglo 19 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Siglo 19" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%95%D8%AF%DB%95%DB%8C_%D9%A1%D9%A9%DB%8C%DB%95%D9%85" title="سەدەی ١٩یەم – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="سەدەی ١٩یەم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._stolet%C3%AD" title="19. století – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="19. století" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%C4%95%D0%BC%C4%95%D1%80" title="XIX ĕмĕр – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="XIX ĕмĕр" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/19eg_ganrif" title="19eg ganrif – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="19eg ganrif" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._%C3%A5rhundrede" title="19. århundrede – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="19. århundrede" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._Jahrhundert" title="19. Jahrhundert – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="19. Jahrhundert" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seserra_19%C4%B1ne" title="Seserra 19ıne – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Seserra 19ıne" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/19%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%82" title="19ος αιώνας – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="19ος αιώνας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_s%C3%A9col" title="XIX sécol – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="XIX sécol" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="19th century" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/19-a_jarcento" title="19-a jarcento – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="19-a jarcento" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_XIX" title="Siglo XIX – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Siglo XIX" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._sajand" title="19. sajand – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="19. sajand" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX._mendea" title="XIX. mendea – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="XIX. mendea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigru_XIX" title="Sigru XIX – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Sigru XIX" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%AF%D9%87_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%85_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="سده نوزدهم میلادی – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سده نوزدهم میلادی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1800-luku" title="1800-luku – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1800-luku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._aastagasada" title="19. aastagasada – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="19. aastagasada" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._%C3%B8ld" title="19. øld – Faroëes" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="19. øld" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroëes" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIXe_si%C3%A8cle" title="XIXe siècle – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="XIXe siècle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX%C3%A9mo_si%C3%A8cllo" title="XIXémo siècllo – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="XIXémo siècllo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._juarhunert" title="19. juarhunert – Noord-Fries" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="19. juarhunert" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Noord-Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/19e_iuw" title="19e iuw – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="19e iuw" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/19%C3%BA_haois" title="19ú haois – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="19ú haois" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/19%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="19世紀 – Gan-Sjinees" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="19世紀" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/19mh_Linn" title="19mh Linn – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="19mh Linn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XIX" title="Século XIX – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Século XIX" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/19oo_eash" title="19oo eash – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="19oo eash" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94_%D7%94-19" title="המאה ה-19 – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="המאה ה-19" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%89%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%82_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="19th century" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._stolje%C4%87e" title="19. stoljeće – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="19. stoljeće" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIXe_sy%C3%A8k" title="XIXe syèk – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="XIXe syèk" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._sz%C3%A1zad" title="19. század – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="19. század" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/19-%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%A4%D5%A1%D6%80" title="19-րդ դար – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="19-րդ դար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seculo_19" title="Seculo 19 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Seculo 19" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-19" title="Abad ke-19 – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Abad ke-19" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%D0%B1%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%88%D1%83" title="XIX бӀаьшу – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="XIX бӀаьшу" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/19ma_yarcento" title="19ma yarcento – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="19ma yarcento" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._%C3%B6ldin" title="19. öldin – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="19. öldin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_secolo" title="XIX secolo – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="XIX secolo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/19%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="19世紀 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="19世紀" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/18xyxymoi" title="18xyxymoi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="18xyxymoi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ping_19" title="Abad ping 19 – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Abad ping 19" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94" title="XIX საუკუნე – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="XIX საუკუნე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lqern_wis_19" title="Lqern wis 19 – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Lqern wis 19" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%D2%93%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="XIX ғасыр – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="XIX ғасыр" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/19%EC%84%B8%EA%B8%B0" title="19세기 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="19세기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedsala_19an" title="Sedsala 19an – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Sedsala 19an" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%BC" title="XIX нэм – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="XIX нэм" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/19ves_kansbledhen" title="19ves kansbledhen – Kornies" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="19ves kansbledhen" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeculum_19" title="Saeculum 19 – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Saeculum 19" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._Joerhonnert" title="19. Joerhonnert – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="19. Joerhonnert" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%88_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="XIX виш йис – Lezghies" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="XIX виш йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentenio_19" title="Sentenio 19 – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Sentenio 19" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negentiende_iew" title="Negentiende iew – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Negentiende iew" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_secolo" title="XIX secolo – Liguries" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="XIX secolo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9cul_XIX" title="Sécul XIX – Lombardies" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Sécul XIX" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B5%E0%BB%88_19" title="ຄິດຕະສະຕະວັດທີ່ 19 – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄິດຕະສະຕະວັດທີ່ 19" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_am%C5%BEius" title="XIX amžius – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="XIX amžius" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_godu_symts" title="19 godu symts – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="19 godu symts" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._gadsimts" title="19. gadsimts – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="19. gadsimts" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_kaping-19" title="Abad kaping-19 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Abad kaping-19" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC" title="XIX курым – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="XIX курым" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rautau_19" title="Rautau 19 – Maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Rautau 19" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="19 век – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="19 век" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8A%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D" title="പത്തൊൻപതാം നൂറ്റാണ്ട് – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പത്തൊൻപതാം നൂറ്റാണ്ട്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/19-%D1%80_%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%83%D0%BD" title="19-р зуун – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="19-р зуун" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%95" title="इ.स.चे १९ वे शतक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.चे १९ वे शतक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ke-19" title="Abad ke-19 – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Abad ke-19" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%89_%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%BE%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="၁၉ ရာစုနှစ် – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၉ ရာစုနှစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="XIX пинге – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="XIX пинге" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macuilpohualxihuitl_XIX" title="Macuilpohualxihuitl XIX – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Macuilpohualxihuitl XIX" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_seculo" title="XIX seculo – Neapolitaans" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="XIX seculo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._Johrhunnert" title="19. Johrhunnert – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="19. Johrhunnert" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/19e_eeuw" title="19e eeuw – Nedersaksies" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="19e eeuw" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/19e_eeuw" title="19e eeuw – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="19e eeuw" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1800-talet" title="1800-talet – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1800-talet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._%C3%A5rhundre" title="19. århundre – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="19. århundre" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/19esmi_sekle" title="19esmi sekle – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="19esmi sekle" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIXe_s." title="XIXe s. – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="XIXe s." data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngwagakgolo_19" title="Ngwagakgolo 19 – Noord-Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Ngwagakgolo 19" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8gle_XIX" title="Sègle XIX – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Sègle XIX" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%C3%A6%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%81" title="XIX æнус – Osseties" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="XIX æнус" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Osseties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/19%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80" title="19ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ – Pandjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="19ਵੀਂ ਸਦੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siglo_19" title="Siglo 19 – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Siglo 19" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_wiek" title="XIX wiek – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="XIX wiek" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%DB%81%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%BA_%D8%B5%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="انیہويں صدی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انیہويں صدی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XIX" title="Século XIX – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Século XIX" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_%C3%B1iqin_pachakwata" title="19 ñiqin pachakwata – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="19 ñiqin pachakwata" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/19avel_tschientaner" title="19avel tschientaner – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="19avel tschientaner" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secolul_al_XIX-lea" title="Secolul al XIX-lea – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Secolul al XIX-lea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="XIX век – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="XIX век" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX._%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B0" title="XIX. стороча – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="XIX. стороча" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%8D" title="XIX үйэ – Jakoeties" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="XIX үйэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakoeties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A8culu_XIX" title="Sèculu XIX – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Sèculu XIX" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/19t_century" title="19t century – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="19t century" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1800-lohku_(jahke%C4%8Duohti)" title="1800-lohku (jahkečuohti) – Noord-Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1800-lohku (jahkečuohti)" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Noord-Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._vijek" title="19. vijek – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="19. vijek" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%AE%E1%82%81%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%81%A2%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87_19" title="ပီႁူဝ်ပၢၵ်ႇ 19 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ပီႁူဝ်ပၢၵ်ႇ 19" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>တႆး</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%83" title="19 වන සියවස – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="19 වන සියවස" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="19th century" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._storo%C4%8Die" title="19. storočie – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="19. storočie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._stoletje" title="19. stoletje – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="19. stoletje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shekulli_XIX" title="Shekulli XIX – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shekulli XIX" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="19. век – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="19. век" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._Jierhunnert" title="19. Jierhunnert – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="19. Jierhunnert" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abad_ka-19" title="Abad ka-19 – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Abad ka-19" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1800-talet" title="1800-talet – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1800-talet" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karne_ya_19" title="Karne ya 19 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Karne ya 19" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_stole%C4%87e" title="XIX stoleće – Silesies" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="XIX stoleće" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/19-%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%81" title="19-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="19-ஆம் நூற்றாண்டு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_%E0%B0%B5_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%82" title="19 వ శతాబ్దం – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="19 వ శతాబ్దం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B8_XIX" title="Садаи XIX – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Садаи XIX" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_19" title="คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 19 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คริสต์ศตวรรษที่ 19" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/19-njy_asyr" title="19-njy asyr – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="19-njy asyr" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-19_na_dantaon" title="Ika-19 na dantaon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ika-19 na dantaon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasoron%D3%99_19" title="Sasoronә 19 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Sasoronә 19" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/19._y%C3%BCzy%C4%B1l" title="19. yüzyıl – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="19. yüzyıl" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80" title="XIX гасыр – Tataars" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="XIX гасыр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tataars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_-_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B3%D9%89%D8%B1" title="19 - ئەسىر – Uighur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="19 - ئەسىر" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uighur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F" title="XIX століття – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="XIX століття" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%BA_%D8%B5%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="انیسویں صدی – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انیسویں صدی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_asr" title="XIX asr – Oesbekies" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="XIX asr" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oesbekies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_seco%C5%82o" title="XIX secoło – Venesiaans" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="XIX secoło" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BA%BF_k%E1%BB%B7_19" title="Thế kỷ 19 – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thế kỷ 19" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumyel_19id" title="Tumyel 19id – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Tumyel 19id" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/19inme_sieke" title="19inme sieke – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="19inme sieke" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ika-19_nga_gatostuig" title="Ika-19 nga gatostuig – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ika-19 nga gatostuig" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/19%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="19世纪 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="19世纪" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/XIX_%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A8%E1%83%AC%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="XIX ოშწანურა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="XIX ოშწანურა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/19%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%A8_%D7%99%22%D7%94" title="19טער י"ה – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="19טער י"ה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/19e_e%C3%AAuw" title="19e eêuw – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="19e eêuw" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/19%E4%B8%96%E7%BA%AA" title="19世纪 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="19世纪" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/19_s%C3%A8-k%C3%AD" title="19 sè-kí – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="19 sè-kí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/19%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" title="19世紀 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="19世紀" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6955#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/19de_eeu" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:19de_eeu" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/19de_eeu"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=19de_eeu&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=19de_eeu&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=19de_eeu&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/19de_eeu"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=19de_eeu&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=19de_eeu&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=19de_eeu&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/19de_eeu" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/19de_eeu" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=19de_eeu&oldid=2696103" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=19de_eeu&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=19de_eeu&id=2696103&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F19de_eeu"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F19de_eeu"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=19de+eeu"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=19de_eeu&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=19de_eeu&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:19th_century" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6955" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><table class="vertical-navbox nowraplinks" style="float:right;clear:right;width:22.0em;margin:0 0 1.0em 1.0em;background:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.2em;border-spacing:0.4em 0;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.1em"> <a href="/wiki/Millennium" title="Millennium">Millennium</a></th></tr><tr><td class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=2de_millennium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2de millennium (bladsy bestaan nie)">2de millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em"> <a href="/wiki/Eeu" title="Eeu">Eeue</a></th></tr><tr><td class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/18de_eeu" title="18de eeu">18de eeu</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">19de eeu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20ste_eeu" title="20ste eeu">20ste eeu</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em"> <a href="/wiki/Dekade" title="Dekade">Dekades</a>:</th></tr><tr><td class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1800%27s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1800's (bladsy bestaan nie)">1800's</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1810%27s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1810's (bladsy bestaan nie)">1810's</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1820%27s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1820's (bladsy bestaan nie)">1820's</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1830%27s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1830's (bladsy bestaan nie)">1830's</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1840%27s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1840's (bladsy bestaan nie)">1840's</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1850%27s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1850's (bladsy bestaan nie)">1850's</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1860%27s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1860's (bladsy bestaan nie)">1860's</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1870%27s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1870's (bladsy bestaan nie)">1870's</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1880%27s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1880's (bladsy bestaan nie)">1880's</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=1890%27s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="1890's (bladsy bestaan nie)">1890's</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th style="padding:0.1em"> Kategorieë</th></tr><tr><td class="hlist" style="padding:0 0.1em 0.4em"> <a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Geboortes_in_die_19de_eeu" title="Kategorie:Geboortes in die 19de eeu">Geboortes</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Sterftes_in_die_19de_eeu" title="Kategorie:Sterftes in die 19de eeu">Sterftes</a></td> </tr><tr><td style="text-align:right;font-size:115%"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-lees"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloon:Eeuboks" title="Sjabloon:Eeuboks"><abbr title="Lees hierdie sjabloon">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bespreek"><a href="/wiki/Sjabloonbespreking:Eeuboks" title="Sjabloonbespreking:Eeuboks"><abbr title="Bespreek hierdie sjabloon">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-wysig"><a class="external text" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sjabloon:Eeuboks&action=edit"><abbr title="Wysig hierdie sjabloon">w</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:World_1898_empires_colonies_territory.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/World_1898_empires_colonies_territory.png/600px-World_1898_empires_colonies_territory.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/World_1898_empires_colonies_territory.png/900px-World_1898_empires_colonies_territory.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/World_1898_empires_colonies_territory.png/1200px-World_1898_empires_colonies_territory.png 2x" data-file-width="1560" data-file-height="624" /></a><figcaption>Kaart van die wêreld se lande en hul kolonies in 1898.</figcaption></figure> <p>Die <b>19de <a href="/wiki/Eeu" title="Eeu">eeu</a></b> het in die <a href="/wiki/Jaar" title="Jaar">jaar</a> 1801 'n aanvang geneem en teen die einde van die jaar 1900 ten einde geloop. </p><p>Die wêreldbevolking aan die begin van die <b>19de</b> eeu word op 980 miljoen mense geskat, teen die einde het dit tot 'n geskatte 1,65 miljard mense gestyg. Die eeu is gekenmerk deur 'n globale verandering van so 'n omvang, diepte en dinamiek dat geen historiese tydperk dit voorafgegaan het nie. Daar word ook na hierdie verandering verwys as die begin van moderniteit. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Europa" title="Europa">Europa</a> in 1815, na die oorwinning oor <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon</a>, wat voorheen groot dele van die vasteland verower het, is die ou sosiale orde in baie opsigte herstel. Sommige wetlike en ekonomiese veranderinge sowel as individuele territoriale herorganisasies het egter oorgebly. Die idees van die <a href="/wiki/Franse_Rewolusie" title="Franse Rewolusie">Franse Rewolusie</a> kon nie permanent onderdruk word nie. Die eeu is gekenmerk deur die stryd om dit 'n werklikheid te maak. In Europa het die <a href="/wiki/Bourgeoisie" title="Bourgeoisie">bourgeoisie</a> en ander dele van die bevolking vir groter ekonomiese en sosiale vryhede geveg. Baie Europese state het <a href="/wiki/Grondwet" title="Grondwet">grondwette</a> ingestel wat die regsverhouding tussen burgers en die staat omskryf. <a href="/wiki/Politieke_party" title="Politieke party">Politieke partye</a> is gevorm en <a href="/wiki/Ideologie" title="Ideologie">ideologieë</a> geformuleer. </p><p>Van die nuutgeskepte nasiestate het <a href="/wiki/Itali%C3%AB" title="Italië">Italië</a> en <a href="/wiki/Duitsland" title="Duitsland">Duitsland</a>, wat in die 1860's en 1870's ontstaan het deur die vereniging van talle gebiede, die Europese politieke landskap die meeste verander. Die organisasievorm van die volkstaat het sy triomfantlike vooruitgang wêreldwyd begin. </p><p>Die groot Europese moondhede, wat die oppergesag in wêreldhandel beklee het en hul koloniale ryke in <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> en <a href="/wiki/Asi%C3%AB" title="Asië">Asië</a> uitgebrei het, het ontwikkel tot die oorheersende moondhede van die wêreld. Die grootste koloniale moondheid, <a href="/wiki/Groot-Brittanje" title="Groot-Brittanje">Groot-Brittanje</a>, wie se <a href="/wiki/Britse_Ryk" title="Britse Ryk">Britse Ryk</a> in 1900 byna 'n kwart van die wêreldbevolking uitgemaak het, het onbetwisbaar oor die wêreld se <a href="/wiki/See" title="See">see</a> regeer. Teen die eerste helfte van die eeu het dit volle beheer oor die <a href="/wiki/Indiese_subkontinent" title="Indiese subkontinent">Indiese subkontinent</a> verkry en toe <a href="/wiki/Australi%C3%AB" title="Australië">Australië</a> van die <a href="/wiki/Aborigines" title="Aborigines">Aborigines</a> oorgeneem. </p><p>Die Britse Ryk het sy voorwaardes op die Chinese Ryk in die <a href="/wiki/Opiumoorlog" class="mw-redirect" title="Opiumoorlog">Opiumoorloë</a> afgedwing. Nadat die <a href="/wiki/Taiping-rebellie" title="Taiping-rebellie">Taiping-rebellie</a> verpletter is, het sentrale Chinese mag geërodeer ten gunste van buitelandse en plaaslike magte. <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, aan die ander kant, het daarin geslaag om homself fundamenteel te hervorm na die <a href="/wiki/Meiji-Herstelling" class="mw-redirect" title="Meiji-Herstelling">Meiji-herstel</a>, deur baie van Europa en die <a href="/wiki/Verenigde_State_van_Amerika" title="Verenigde State van Amerika">Verenigde State</a> te leen. Die <a href="/wiki/Ottomaanse_Ryk" title="Ottomaanse Ryk">Ottomaanse Ryk</a>, aan die ander kant, het voortgegaan om te krimp en beheer oor alle Europese en Noord-Afrikaanse gebiede in die loop van die eeu verloor. Afrika en <a href="/wiki/Suidoos-Asi%C3%AB" title="Suidoos-Asië">Suidoos-Asië</a> is in die laaste dekades van die eeu byna heeltemal deur Europese moondhede gekoloniseer. </p><p>Aan die ander kant het die streke van <a href="/wiki/Suid-Amerika" title="Suid-Amerika">Suid-Amerika</a> aan die begin van die eeu weggebreek van hul <a href="/wiki/Spanje" title="Spanje">Spaanse</a> en <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugese</a> koloniseerders. In <a href="/wiki/Noord-Amerika" title="Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a> het die Verenigde State van Amerika groot gebiede ná onafhanklikheid verkry ten koste van <a href="/wiki/Meksiko" title="Meksiko">Meksiko</a> en <a href="/wiki/Indiane" title="Indiane">inheemse stamme</a>. Na die <a href="/wiki/Amerikaanse_Burgeroorlog" title="Amerikaanse Burgeroorlog">Amerikaanse Burgeroorlog</a> het hulle een van die sterkste industriële nasies in die wêreld geword. Hulle het by sterk immigrasie van geskoolde werkers, wat uit Europa en in 'n mindere mate uit Asië gekom het, baat gevind. Die Atlantiese migrasie was deel van wêreldwye migrasiebewegings, wat in hierdie eeu ongekende afmetings bereik het. Die migrasiebewegings het gepaard gegaan met hoë groei in die wêreldbevolking. Dit is gevoed deur 'n <a href="/wiki/Landbou" title="Landbou">landbou</a> wat sy produktiwiteit aansienlik verhoog het deur verhoogde doeltreffendheid en gebiedsuitbreiding. 'n Groot deel van die plattelandse bevolking het na die <a href="/wiki/Stedelike_gebied" title="Stedelike gebied">stede</a> gemigreer. Die stede het probeer om die probleme wat verband hou met die sterk bevolkingsgroei met nuwe tegnies innoverende <a href="/wiki/Infrastruktuur" title="Infrastruktuur">infrastruktuur</a> en instellings van die moderne massa-samelewing op te los. </p><p>Die <a href="/wiki/Industri%C3%ABle_Revolusie" title="Industriële Revolusie">Industriële Revolusie</a> het in die loop van die eeu vanaf <a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Engeland</a> na talle streke van Europa, die Verenigde State en Japan versprei. Hierdie strukturele veranderinge het met groot sosiale ongelykhede gepaard gegaan. Sleuteltegnologieë soos die spoorweë, die stoomboot en die <a href="/wiki/Telegrafie" title="Telegrafie">telegraaf</a> het gelei tot 'n skerp toename in die omvang en spoed van globale konnektiwiteit en 'n verandering in die persepsie van afstand. Baie nuwe wetenskaplike ontdekkings, insluitend in <a href="/wiki/Medisyne" class="mw-redirect" title="Medisyne">medisyne</a>, het praktiese verbeterings vir baie mense gebring. </p><p>'n Voorheen onbekende gebruik van hulpbronne, 'n ekonomie gebaseer op fossielenergieë en die massiewe uitbreiding van nedersettings- en kulturele gebiede het gelei tot 'n groot transformasie en <a href="/wiki/Besoedeling" title="Besoedeling">besoedeling van die omgewing</a>. Daarom sien sommige wetenskaplikes die begin van die <a href="/wiki/Antroposeen" title="Antroposeen">Antroposeen</a> so vroeg as die 19de eeu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronne">Bronne</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=19de_eeu&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Bronne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=19de_eeu&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Bronne"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Langer, William. <i>An Encyclopedia of World History</i> (5th ed. 1973); highly detailed outline of events <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/encyclopediaofwo00lang">online free</a></li> <li>Morris, Richard B. and Graham W. Irwin, eds. <i>Harper Encyclopedia of the Modern World: A Concise Reference History from 1760 to the Present</i> (1970) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/harperencycloped00morr">online frr</a></li></ul> <ul><li><i>New Cambridge Modern History</i> (13 vol 1957–79), old but thorough coverage, mostly of Europe; strong on diplomacy <ul><li>Bury, J. P. T. ed. <i>The New Cambridge Modern History: Vol. 10: the Zenith of European Power, 1830–70</i> (1964) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/iB_CMH/10#page/n3/mode/1up">online</a></li> <li>Crawley, C. W., ed. <i>The New Cambridge Modern History Volume IX War and Peace In An Age of Upheaval 1793–1830</i> (1965) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/iB_CMH/09#page/n4/mode/1up">online</a></li> <li>Darby, H. C. and H. Fullard <i>The New Cambridge Modern History, Vol. 14: Atlas</i> (1972)</li> <li>Hinsley, F.H., ed. <i>The New Cambridge Modern History, vol. 11, Material Progress and World-Wide Problems 1870–1898</i> (1979) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/iB_CMH/11#page/n3/mode/1up">online</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6955&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6955&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6955" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4343988">XX4343988</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11975999w">cb11975999w</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11975999w">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/w/index.php?title=KulturNav&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="KulturNav (bladsy bestaan nie)">KulturNav</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/5aa73283-cc91-4ae7-ba82-017798462399">5aa73283-cc91-4ae7-ba82-017798462399</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85091984">sh85091984</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Latvia">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000146941&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000146941</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ch460557&CON_LNG=ENG">ch460557</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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