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</div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Website"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">In die Seitenleiste verschieben</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">Verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Anfang</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Geografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Geografia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Geografia umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Topografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Topografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Topografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Topografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Citads</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Costa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Costa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Costa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Costa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parcs_natirals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parcs_natirals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Parcs natirals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parcs_natirals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sutdivisiun_politica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sutdivisiun_politica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Sutdivisiun politica</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sutdivisiun_politica-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Sutdivisiun politica umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sutdivisiun_politica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Provinzas/vegueries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Provinzas/vegueries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Provinzas/vegueries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Provinzas/vegueries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comarques_e_vischnancas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comarques_e_vischnancas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Comarques e vischnancas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comarques_e_vischnancas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Clima" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Clima"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Clima</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Clima-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Istorgia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Istorgia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Istorgia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Istorgia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Istorgia umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Istorgia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-15avel_fin_18avel_tschientaner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#15avel_fin_18avel_tschientaner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>15avel fin 18avel tschientaner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-15avel_fin_18avel_tschientaner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19avel_e_20avel_tschientaner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19avel_e_20avel_tschientaner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>19avel e 20avel tschientaner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19avel_e_20avel_tschientaner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistem_politic_e_moviment_d’independenza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistem_politic_e_moviment_d’independenza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Sistem politic e moviment d’independenza</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sistem_politic_e_moviment_d’independenza-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Sistem politic e moviment d’independenza umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sistem_politic_e_moviment_d’independenza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sistem_politic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistem_politic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Sistem politic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sistem_politic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-La_dumonda_da_l’independenza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_dumonda_da_l’independenza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>La dumonda da l’independenza</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_dumonda_da_l’independenza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Economia umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Svilup_economic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Svilup_economic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Svilup economic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Svilup_economic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Turissem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Turissem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Turissem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Turissem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linguas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linguas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Linguas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linguas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Cultura</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Unterabschnitt Cultura umschalten</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Enconuschents_artists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enconuschents_artists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Enconuschents artists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enconuschents_artists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tradiziun_populara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tradiziun_populara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Tradiziun populara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tradiziun_populara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schientscha_naziunala" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schientscha_naziunala"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Schientscha naziunala</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schientscha_naziunala-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport_e_politica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport_e_politica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Sport e politica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport_e_politica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Annotaziuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Annotaziuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Annotaziuns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Annotaziuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Litteratura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Litteratura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Litteratura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Litteratura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colliaziuns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colliaziuns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Colliaziuns</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colliaziuns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhaltsverzeichnis umschalten</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Catalugna</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Zu einem Artikel in einer anderen Sprache gehen. Verfügbar in 172 Sprachen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-172" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">172 Sprachen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloni%C3%AB" title="Katalonië – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Katalonië" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonien" title="Katalonien – tudestg svizzer" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Katalonien" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tudestg svizzer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%89%B3%E1%88%8E%E1%8A%92%E1%8B%AB" title="ካታሎኒያ – amaric" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካታሎኒያ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunya" title="Catalunya – aragonais" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Catalunya" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia – englais vegl" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="englais vegl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="كتالونيا – arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كتالونيا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A9%DC%9B%DC%A0%DC%98%DC%A2%DC%9D%DC%90" title="ܩܛܠܘܢܝܐ – arameic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܩܛܠܘܢܝܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="كاتالونيا – Ägyptisches Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاتالونيا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Ägyptisches Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalu%C3%B1a" title="Cataluña – asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cataluña" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloniya" title="Kataloniya – aserbeidschanic" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kataloniya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbeidschanic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کاتالونیا – Südaserbaidschanisch" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کاتالونیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="Südaserbaidschanisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Каталония – baschkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Каталония" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baschkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunya" title="Catalunya – balinais" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Catalunya" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonien" title="Katalonien – Bairisch" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Katalonien" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bairisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataluon%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Kataluonėjė – Samogitisch" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Kataluonėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalunya" title="Katalunya – Zentralbikolano" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Katalunya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Zentralbikolano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Каталонія – bieloruss" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каталонія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bieloruss" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Каталёнія – Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каталёнія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Weißrussisch (Taraschkewiza)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloni" title="Kataloni – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Kataloni" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Каталония – bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Каталония" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कैटालोनिया – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कैटालोनिया" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE" title="কাতালুনিয়া – bengal" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাতালুনিয়া" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8B%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B" title="ཁེ་ཋ་ལོ་ནྱི་ – tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁེ་ཋ་ལོ་ནྱི་" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonia" title="Katalonia – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Katalonia" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonija" title="Katalonija – bosniac" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Katalonija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Каталони – Russisches Burjatisch" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Каталони" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russisches Burjatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunya" title="Catalunya – catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Catalunya" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalu%C3%B1a" title="Cataluña – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Cataluña" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunya" title="Catalunya – Min Dong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Catalunya" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Min Dong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Каталони – tschetschen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Каталони" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tschetschen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalunya" title="Katalunya – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Katalunya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95%D9%84%DB%86%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کەتەلۆنیا – curd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کەتەلۆنیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalugna" title="Catalugna – cors" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Catalugna" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="cors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloniya" title="Kataloniya – tirc crimean" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kataloniya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tirc crimean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katal%C3%A1nsko" title="Katalánsko – tschec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Katalánsko" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tschec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalo%C5%84sk%C3%B4" title="Katalońskô – kaschubic" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Katalońskô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kaschubic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalwnia" title="Catalwnia – kimric" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Catalwnia" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kimric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonien" title="Catalonien – danais" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Catalonien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonien" title="Katalonien – tudestg" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Katalonien" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tudestg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonya" title="Katalonya – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Katalonya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloniska" title="Kataloniska – bass sorb" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kataloniska" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="bass sorb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Καταλονία – grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καταλονία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia – englais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="englais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalunio" title="Katalunio – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Katalunio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalu%C3%B1a" title="Cataluña – spagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cataluña" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloonia" title="Kataloonia – eston" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kataloonia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="eston" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="exzellenter Artikel"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataluniako_Autonomia_Erkidegoa" title="Kataluniako Autonomia Erkidegoa – basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kataluniako Autonomia Erkidegoa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalu%C3%B1a" title="Cataluña – Extremadurisch" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Cataluña" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremadurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کاتالونیا – persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاتالونیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonia" title="Katalonia – finlandais" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Katalonia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloonia" title="Kataloonia – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kataloonia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogne" title="Catalogne – franzos" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Catalogne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franzos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogne_(comun%C3%B4t%C3%A2t_%C3%B4tonoma)" title="Catalogne (comunôtât ôtonoma) – Frankoprovenzalisch" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Catalogne (comunôtât ôtonoma)" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Frankoprovenzalisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloonien" title="Kataloonien – fris dal nord" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kataloonien" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="fris dal nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloanje" title="Kataloanje – fris" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kataloanje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="fris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Chatal%C3%B3in" title="An Chatalóin – irlandais" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chatalóin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catal%C3%B2inia" title="Catalòinia – gaelic scot" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Catalòinia" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaelic scot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalu%C3%B1a" title="Cataluña – galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cataluña" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="کاتالۊنيا – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="کاتالۊنيا" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katal%C3%BA%C3%B1a" title="Katalúña – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Katalúña" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Chataloan" title="Yn Chataloan – manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Chataloan" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalunya" title="Katalunya – haussa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Katalunya" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="haussa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunya" title="Catalunya – Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Catalunya" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%94" title="קטלוניה – ebraic" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קטלוניה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कैटलोनिया – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कैटलोनिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonija" title="Katalonija – croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Katalonija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalanska" title="Katalanska – aut sorb" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Katalanska" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="aut sorb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katal%C3%B2y" title="Katalòy – creol haitian" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Katalòy" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creol haitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katal%C3%B3nia" title="Katalónia – ungarais" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Katalónia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Կատալոնիա – armen" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կատալոնիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Քաթալոնիա – Westarmenisch" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Քաթալոնիա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Westarmenisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonia_(Spanyol)" title="Katalonia (Spanyol) – indonais" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Katalonia (Spanyol)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia – interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalunia" title="Katalunia – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Katalunia" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katal%C3%B3n%C3%ADa" title="Katalónía – islandais" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Katalónía" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogna" title="Catalogna – talian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Catalogna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="talian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="lesenswerter Artikel"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A3%E5%B7%9E" title="カタルーニャ州 – giapunais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カタルーニャ州" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapunais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunya" title="Catalunya – javanais" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Catalunya" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="კატალონია – georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კატალონია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloniya" title="Kataloniya – karakalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kataloniya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalunya" title="Katalunya – kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Katalunya" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Каталония – casac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Каталония" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="casac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%ED%83%88%EB%A3%A8%EB%83%90" title="카탈루냐 – corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카탈루냐" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Каталония – karachay-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Каталония" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="karachay-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketelonya" title="Ketelonya – curd" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ketelonya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curd" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloni" title="Kataloni – cornic" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kataloni" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="cornic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalaunia" title="Catalaunia – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Catalaunia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalunya" title="Katalunya – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Katalunya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalounien" title="Katalounien – luxemburgais" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Katalounien" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunia" title="Catalunia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Catalunia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataloni%C3%AB" title="Catalonië – limburgais" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Catalonië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogna" title="Catalogna – Ligurisch" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Catalogna" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia – Ladinisch" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladinisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catal%C3%B2gna" title="Catalògna – Lombardisch" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Catalògna" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%84%E0%BA%A7%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%8D" title="ແຄວ້ນກາຕາໂລຍ – laot" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ແຄວ້ນກາຕາໂລຍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonija" title="Katalonija – lituan" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Katalonija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonija" title="Katalonija – letton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Katalonija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia – malagassi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katar%C5%8Dnia" title="Katarōnia – maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Katarōnia" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Каталонија – macedon" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Каталонија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF" title="കാറ്റലോണിയ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കാറ്റലോണിയ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Каталони – mongolic" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Каталони" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE" title="कातालोनिया – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कातालोनिया" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia – malaic" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunha" title="Catalunha – mirandais" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Catalunha" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%90%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%AE%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ကက်တလိုနီးယားနိုင်ငံ – birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကက်တလိုနီးယားနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کاتالونیا – mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کاتالونیا" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataloni%C3%AB" title="Catalonië – ollandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Catalonië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ollandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia – norvegiais nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiais nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia – norvegais bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegais bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalongne" title="Catalongne – Normannisch" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Catalongne" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Normannisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comunautat_Auton%C3%B2ma_de_Catalonha" title="Comunautat Autonòma de Catalonha – occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Comunautat Autonòma de Catalonha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalunii" title="Katalunii – Olonetzisch" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Katalunii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Olonetzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Каталони – ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Каталони" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਕਾਤਾਲੋਨੀਆ – punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਤਾਲੋਨੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalongne" title="Catalongne – Picardisch" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Catalongne" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picardisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataloniya" title="Cataloniya – Pitcairn-Englisch" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Cataloniya" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonia" title="Katalonia – polac" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Katalonia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catal%C3%B2gna_(comunit%C3%A0_aut%C3%B2noma)" title="Catalògna (comunità autònoma) – Piemontesisch" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Catalògna (comunità autònoma)" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piemontesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کیتلونیا – Westliches Panjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیتلونیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Westliches Panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7" title="کاتالونيا – paschto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کاتالونيا" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paschto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunha" title="Catalunha – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Catalunha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalunya" title="Katalunya – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Katalunya" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia – rumen" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogna" title="Catalogna – Tarandíne" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Catalogna" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarandíne" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Каталония – russ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Каталония" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalugna" title="Catalugna – sard" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Catalugna" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalugna" title="Catalugna – sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Catalugna" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonie" title="Catalonie – scot" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Catalonie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scot" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonia" title="Katalonia – sami dal nord" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Katalonia" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="sami dal nord" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonija" title="Katalonija – serbo-croat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Katalonija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F" title="කැටලෝනියා – singalais" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කැටලෝනියා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia – einfaches Englisch" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="einfaches Englisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katal%C3%A1nsko" title="Katalánsko – slovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Katalánsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonija" title="Katalonija – sloven" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Katalonija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloven" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonia" title="Katalonia – samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Katalonia" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonya" title="Katalonya – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Katalonya" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalooniya" title="Katalooniya – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Katalooniya" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonia" title="Katalonia – albanais" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Katalonia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Каталонија – serb" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Каталонија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serb" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonien" title="Katalonien – Saterfriesisch" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Katalonien" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterfriesisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="empfohlener Artikel"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonien" title="Katalonien – svedais" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Katalonien" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalonia" title="Catalonia – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Catalonia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katal%C5%AF%C5%84ijo" title="Katalůńijo – Schlesisch (Wasserpolnisch)" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Katalůńijo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Schlesisch (Wasserpolnisch)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE" title="காத்தலோனியா – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காத்தலோனியா" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B2" title="แคว้นกาตาลุญญา – tailandais" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แคว้นกาตาลุญญา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloni%C3%BDa" title="Kataloniýa – turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kataloniýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalu%C3%B1a" title="Cataluña – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Cataluña" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalunij%C9%99" title="Katalunijə – Talisch" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Katalunijə" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonia" title="Katalonia – tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="Katalonia" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalonya" title="Katalonya – tirc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Katalonya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tirc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Каталония – tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Каталония" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatar%C5%ABnia" title="Tatarūnia – tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Tatarūnia" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Каталония – udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Каталония" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%D9%89%D9%8A%DB%95" title="كاتالونىيە – uiguric" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="كاتالونىيە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uiguric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Каталонія – ucranais" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Каталонія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucranais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کاتالونیا – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کاتالونیا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataloniya" title="Kataloniya – usbec" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kataloniya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cate%C5%82ogna" title="Catełogna – Venetisch" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Catełogna" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunya" title="Catalunya – vietnamais" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Catalunya" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cataloni%C3%AB" title="Catalonië – Westflämisch" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Catalonië" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="Westflämisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalon%C3%A4n" title="Katalonän – volapuk" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Katalonän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalogne" title="Catalogne – vallon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Catalogne" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunya" title="Catalunya – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Catalunya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%B0%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="加泰罗尼亚 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="加泰罗尼亚" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="კატალონია – Mingrelisch" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კატალონია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A2" title="קאטאלאניע – jiddic" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאטאלאניע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%B0%E7%BD%97%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9A" title="加泰罗尼亚 – chinais" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加泰罗尼亚" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalunya" title="Catalunya – Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Catalunya" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B3%B0%E9%9A%86%E5%B0%BC%E4%BA%9E%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8D%80" title="加泰隆尼亞自治區 – cantonais" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="加泰隆尼亞自治區" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5705#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifitgar las colliaziuns tar autras linguas" class="wbc-editpage">Modifitgar colliaziuns</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Tip da pagina"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="rm" dir="ltr"><table class="prettytable float-right" align="right" width="330"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DDD;"><font size="+1"><b>Catalugna</b></font><br /> <p><span style="white-space: nowrap;"><b>Catalunya</b><font size="-1"> (catalan)</font><br /> <b>Cataluña</b><font size="-1"> (spagnol)</font><br /> <b>Catalonha</b><font size="-1"> (aranais)</font> </span></p> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2"> <table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" width="100%" class="nogrid"> <tbody><tr> <td align="center" width="50%" style="background-color:transparent; border:none"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Flag_of_Catalonia.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="{{{ARTITGEL-BANDIERA}}}"><img alt="{{{ARTITGEL-BANDIERA}}}" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/150px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/225px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Flag_of_Catalonia.svg/300px-Flag_of_Catalonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>{{{ARTITGEL-BANDIERA}}}</figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="background-color:transparent; border:none; width:50%; font-size:90%; text-align: center"> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Seal_of_the_Generalitat_of_Catalonia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Seal_of_the_Generalitat_of_Catalonia.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_Generalitat_of_Catalonia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Seal_of_the_Generalitat_of_Catalonia.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_Generalitat_of_Catalonia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Seal_of_the_Generalitat_of_Catalonia.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_Generalitat_of_Catalonia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="825" data-file-height="950" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border:none; width:50%; font-size:90%; text-align: center"> </td> <td style="border:none; width:50%; font-size:90%; text-align: center"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Lingua uffiziala</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Catalan" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan">catalan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spagnol" class="mw-redirect" title="Spagnol">spagnol</a> ed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aranais&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aranais (n'exista betg)">aranais</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Chapitala</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;"><a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Surfatscha</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">31 895 km² </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Abitants</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">7 619 494 (2019) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Spessezza</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">238,89 abitants per km² </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>Munaida</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">euro </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f2f2f4; font-size:90%;"><b>TLD d'internet</b> </td> <td style="font-size:90%;">.cat </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="background-color:#f2f2f4;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Catalunya%2BComarques%2BCatal%C3%A0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Catalunya%2BComarques%2BCatal%C3%A0.jpg/330px-Catalunya%2BComarques%2BCatal%C3%A0.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Catalunya%2BComarques%2BCatal%C3%A0.jpg/495px-Catalunya%2BComarques%2BCatal%C3%A0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Catalunya%2BComarques%2BCatal%C3%A0.jpg/660px-Catalunya%2BComarques%2BCatal%C3%A0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="1150" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>La <b>Catalugna</b> (catalan Catalunya [kətəˈluɲə], spagnol Cataluña [kataˈluɲa], aranais Catalonha [kataˈluɲa]) è ina regiun en il nordost da la <a href="/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna">Spagna</a>, situada tranter la costa da la <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterrana" title="Mar Mediterrana">Mar Mediterrana</a> e las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pireneas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pireneas (n'exista betg)">Pireneas</a>. La chapitala da la regiun furma <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a>. Politicamain è la Catalugna dividida en quatter provinzas (Barcelona, Tarragona, Lleida e Girona). Questas provinzas èn sutdivididas en 42 comarques. Las linguas uffizialas èn il catalan ed il spagnol sco er l’aranais. </p><p>La Catalugna furma ina da 17 communitads autonomas da la Spagna. Pervi da sias atgnadads istoricas e culturalas vala la regiun sper il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pajais_Basc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pajais Basc (n'exista betg)">Pajais Basc</a> e la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galizia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galizia (n'exista betg)">Galizia</a> sco ina da las «communitads autonomas istoricas» (spagnol: nacionalidades históricas). Tendenzas d’independenza han cuntanschì en Catalugna ina gronda muntada. Suenter in referendum contestà ha il parlament regiunal da la Catalugna declerà il 2017 la Catalugna sco ina republica independenta da la Spagna, la quala n’è però betg vegnida renconuschida da la cuminanza da stadis internaziunala. La regenza spagnola ha sinaquai destituì la regenza regiunala ed il parlament; dapi las novas elecziuns regia puspè en la Catalugna ina regenza dominada dals separatists, uschia che la crisa cuntinuescha. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geografia">Geografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifitgar secziun: Geografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=1" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Geografia"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La Catalugna sa chatta sin la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peninsla_Iberica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peninsla Iberica (n'exista betg)">Peninsla Iberica</a>. En il nord, per lung da la chadaina da muntognas da las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pireneas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pireneas (n'exista betg)">Pireneas</a>, cunfinescha ella cun la <a href="/wiki/Frantscha" title="Frantscha">Frantscha</a> ed il stadi pitschen <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>, en il vest cun la regiun autonoma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aragonia (n'exista betg)">Aragonia</a> ed en il sidvest cun la regiun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valencia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valencia (n'exista betg)">Valencia</a>. Il punct il pli aut furma la Pica d’Estats (3143 m s.m.), in piz dal Massiv da Montcal. Tar la Catalugna tutga er l’exclava Llívia circumdada da territori franzos. La Catalugna dispona da rivas maritimas en l’ost ed en il sid. Il punct il pli en l’ost è il Cap de Creus en Empordà. </p><p>Cun ina surfatscha da 32 091 km² è la communitad autonoma circa tuttina gronda sco la <a href="/wiki/Belgia" title="Belgia">Belgia</a>. Cumbain che quella cumpiglia be 6,3 % dal territori da la Spagna, vivan qua cun 234 abitants per kilometer quadrat 15,9 % da la populaziun da la Spagna. La regiun è pia occupada nov giadas uschè spess sco la regiun vischina Aragonia resp. bunamain trais giadas uschè spess sco l’ulteriura Spagna. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Topografia">Topografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifitgar secziun: Topografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=2" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Topografia"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Montserrat_des_del_Bages.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Montserrat_des_del_Bages.jpg/200px-Montserrat_des_del_Bages.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Montserrat_des_del_Bages.jpg/300px-Montserrat_des_del_Bages.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Montserrat_des_del_Bages.jpg/400px-Montserrat_des_del_Bages.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Il Montserrat – ina da las ensainas da la Catalugna</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Aerea_estany_de_banyoles.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Aerea_estany_de_banyoles.png/200px-Aerea_estany_de_banyoles.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Aerea_estany_de_banyoles.png/300px-Aerea_estany_de_banyoles.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Aerea_estany_de_banyoles.png/400px-Aerea_estany_de_banyoles.png 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1523" /></a><figcaption>Lai da Banyoles</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Barcelona_from_Sagrada_Familia_(2)_(cropped).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Barcelona_from_Sagrada_Familia_%282%29_%28cropped%29.JPG/200px-Barcelona_from_Sagrada_Familia_%282%29_%28cropped%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Barcelona_from_Sagrada_Familia_%282%29_%28cropped%29.JPG/300px-Barcelona_from_Sagrada_Familia_%282%29_%28cropped%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Barcelona_from_Sagrada_Familia_%282%29_%28cropped%29.JPG/400px-Barcelona_from_Sagrada_Familia_%282%29_%28cropped%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2025" data-file-height="1430" /></a><figcaption>Center finanzial da Barcelona</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Tossa_de_Mar_Buchten_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tossa_de_Mar_Buchten_1.JPG/200px-Tossa_de_Mar_Buchten_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tossa_de_Mar_Buchten_1.JPG/300px-Tossa_de_Mar_Buchten_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Tossa_de_Mar_Buchten_1.JPG/400px-Tossa_de_Mar_Buchten_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Costa Brava tranter Tossa de Mar e Feliu de Guíxols</figcaption></figure> <p>Ord vista geomorfologica sa lascha il territori da la Catalugna divider en las suandantas zonas: </p> <dl><dt>Pireneas catalanas</dt></dl> <p>La regiun d’auta muntogna da las Pireneas (catalan: Pirineus) cumpiglia ina strivla da la Catalugna che s’extenda en il nord al cunfin vers la <a href="/wiki/Frantscha" title="Frantscha">Frantscha</a> ed <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>. Qua sa chattan plirs pizs d’in’autezza da bundant 3000 meters, numnadamain il Pic de Sotllo (3084 m), il Pic de Comaloforno (3033 m), il Besiberri Nord (3015 m) ed il punct il pli aut da la Catalugna, la Pica d’Estats (3143 m). En questa regiun naschan er ils flums Noguera Pallaresa, Noguera Ribagorzana, Garona, Llobregat, Ter e Muga. Tar las Pireneas tutga medemamain la chadaina da muntognas Serra de l’Albera che s’extenda tranter la citad La Jonquera e la Mar Mediterrana cun il Puig Neulós (1245 m) sco piz il pli aut. </p> <dl><dt>Prepireneas catalanas</dt></dl> <p>Las Prepireneas (catalan Prepirineus) furman ina strivla muntagnarda d’ina ladezza da ca. 20–45 km, situada en il sid da las Pireneas tranter l’Aragonia en il vest e la comarca Garrotxa en l’ost. En questa regiun sa chattan las chadainas da muntognas Serra del Montsec, Serra de Boumort, el Port de Comte ed el Cadí. En las prepireneas datti be paucs pizs d’in’autezza da sur 2000 meters. Ils pli auts pizs sa chattan en la Serra del Cadí (Torreta de Cadí, 2561 m, e Pedraforca, 2497 m). </p> <dl><dt>Serralada Transversal</dt></dl> <p>La gronda part da quest territori muntagnard furma la comarca Garrotxa, parts pli pitschnas èn situadas en las comarques vischinas Osona, Selva e Gironès. En il nordvest da la Serrelada Transversal sa chattan la Serra de Milany e Serra de Santa Magdalena, quellas furman ina regiun da transiziun vers las Pireneas. En il nordost cunfinescha la muntogna cun il flum Fluvià ed en il sid furma il flum Ter in cunfin natiral vers las Guilleries che tutgan tar la muntogna prelitorala catalana. Part da la Serralada Transversal fa er il territori vulcanic da Garrotxa. La pli auta elevaziun furma il Milany (1526 m). </p> <dl><dt>Foppa da la Catalugna Centrala</dt></dl> <p>La Foppa da la Catalugna Centrala (catalan Depressió Central) è ina planira auta fritgaivla tranter 200 e 500 meters che vegn percurrida da singulas elevaziuns. Cunfinada vegn la planira en il nord tras las prepireneas, en l’ost tras la Serralada Transversal, en il sidvest tras la muntogna prelitorala catalana ed en il vest tras la communitad autonoma Aragonia. Da questa foppa fan part las planiras dad Urgell (Plana de Urgell), Vic (Plana de Vic) e Bages (Pla de Bages) sco er il batschigl da Barbarà (Conca de Barbarà). </p> <dl><dt>Massivs</dt></dl> <p>Singulas elevaziuns isoladas u chadainas da muntognas da 800 fin 1000 meters vargan sco massivs or da la Foppa da la Catalugna Centrala. </p> <dl><dt>Muntogna prelitorala catalana</dt></dl> <p>La Muntogna prelitorala catalana (catalan Serralada Prelitoral Catalana) è ina muntogna mesauna betg coerenta per lung da la lingia da costa, en ina distanza da 30 fin 60 kilometers da quella. Las chadainas da muntognas las pli enconuschentas èn las Guilleries, Montseny, Sant Llorenç del Munt, Montserrat, Montsant, Muntanyes de Prades, Serra de l’Obac, Ports de Tortosa-Beseit e Serra del Montsià. </p> <dl><dt>Muntogna litorala catalana</dt></dl> <p>La Muntogna litorala catalana (catalan Serralada Litoral Catalana) è ina muntogna mesauna betg coerenta situada directamain a la costa tranter il golf de Roses ed il flum Foix. Las chadainas da muntognas èn dal nordost vers il sidvest: Massís del Montgrí, Massís de les Gavarres, Serra del Montnegre, Serra del Corredor, Serra de Marina, Serra de Collserola e Massís del Garraf. </p> <dl><dt>Planira prelitorala</dt></dl> <p>La Planira prelitorala (catalan Depressió Prelitoral) è ina planira situada en vischinanza da la costa resp. davos la muntogna litorala. </p> <dl><dt>Planira litorala</dt></dl> <p>La Planira litorala (catalan Depressió Litoral) sa chatta directamain a la costa da la <a href="/wiki/Mar_Mediterrana" title="Mar Mediterrana">Mar Mediterrana</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citads">Citads</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifitgar secziun: Citads" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=3" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Citads"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La zona d’aglomeraziun per lunschor la pli gronda ed impurtanta è la chapitala Barcelona. La successiun da las ulteriuras citads pli grondas resulta da la suandanta tabella: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: #e3e3e3;">Posiziun </th> <th style="background: #e3e3e3;">Citad </th> <th style="background: #e3e3e3;">Comarca </th> <th style="background: #e3e3e3;">Populaziun<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Escut_de_Barcelona.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Escut de Barcelona"><img alt="Escut de Barcelona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Escut_de_Barcelona.svg/20px-Escut_de_Barcelona.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Escut_de_Barcelona.svg/30px-Escut_de_Barcelona.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Escut_de_Barcelona.svg/40px-Escut_de_Barcelona.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="970" /></a></span> Barcelona </td> <td>Barcelonès </td> <td>1 604 555 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Spain.Hospitalet.de.Llobregat.Escudo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Escut de l'Hospitalet de Llobregat"><img alt="Escut de l'Hospitalet de Llobregat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Spain.Hospitalet.de.Llobregat.Escudo.svg/20px-Spain.Hospitalet.de.Llobregat.Escudo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Spain.Hospitalet.de.Llobregat.Escudo.svg/30px-Spain.Hospitalet.de.Llobregat.Escudo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Spain.Hospitalet.de.Llobregat.Escudo.svg/40px-Spain.Hospitalet.de.Llobregat.Escudo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="232" data-file-height="339" /></a></span> L’Hospitalet de Llobregat </td> <td>Barcelonès </td> <td>252 171 </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Escut_de_Badalona.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Escut de Badalona"><img alt="Escut de Badalona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Escut_de_Badalona.svg/20px-Escut_de_Badalona.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Escut_de_Badalona.svg/30px-Escut_de_Badalona.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Escut_de_Badalona.svg/40px-Escut_de_Badalona.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="974" data-file-height="1029" /></a></span> Badalona </td> <td>Barcelonès </td> <td>217 210 </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Escut_de_Terrassa.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Terrassa"><img alt="Terrassa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Escut_de_Terrassa.svg/20px-Escut_de_Terrassa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Escut_de_Terrassa.svg/30px-Escut_de_Terrassa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Escut_de_Terrassa.svg/40px-Escut_de_Terrassa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="841" /></a></span> Terrassa </td> <td>Vallès Occidental </td> <td>215 654 </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Escut_de_Sabadell.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sabadell"><img alt="Sabadell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Escut_de_Sabadell.svg/20px-Escut_de_Sabadell.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Escut_de_Sabadell.svg/30px-Escut_de_Sabadell.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Escut_de_Sabadell.svg/40px-Escut_de_Sabadell.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="841" /></a></span> Sabadell </td> <td>Vallès Occidental </td> <td>207 814 </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Escudo_de_L%C3%A9rida.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lleida"><img alt="Lleida" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Escudo_de_L%C3%A9rida.svg/20px-Escudo_de_L%C3%A9rida.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Escudo_de_L%C3%A9rida.svg/30px-Escudo_de_L%C3%A9rida.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Escudo_de_L%C3%A9rida.svg/40px-Escudo_de_L%C3%A9rida.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="603" data-file-height="835" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Lleida" title="Lleida">Lleida</a> </td> <td>Segrià </td> <td>138 542 </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Escut_de_Tarragona.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tarragona"><img alt="Tarragona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Escut_de_Tarragona.svg/20px-Escut_de_Tarragona.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Escut_de_Tarragona.svg/30px-Escut_de_Tarragona.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Escut_de_Tarragona.svg/40px-Escut_de_Tarragona.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="627" /></a></span> Tarragona </td> <td>Tarragonès </td> <td>131 255 </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Escut_de_Matar%C3%B3.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mataró"><img alt="Mataró" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Escut_de_Matar%C3%B3.svg/20px-Escut_de_Matar%C3%B3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Escut_de_Matar%C3%B3.svg/30px-Escut_de_Matar%C3%B3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Escut_de_Matar%C3%B3.svg/40px-Escut_de_Matar%C3%B3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="975" /></a></span> Mataró </td> <td>El Maresme </td> <td>124 867 </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Escut_de_Santa_Coloma_de_Gramenet.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Santa Coloma de Gramenet"><img alt="Santa Coloma de Gramenet" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Escut_de_Santa_Coloma_de_Gramenet.svg/20px-Escut_de_Santa_Coloma_de_Gramenet.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Escut_de_Santa_Coloma_de_Gramenet.svg/30px-Escut_de_Santa_Coloma_de_Gramenet.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Escut_de_Santa_Coloma_de_Gramenet.svg/40px-Escut_de_Santa_Coloma_de_Gramenet.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="957" data-file-height="1082" /></a></span> Santa Coloma de Gramenet </td> <td>Barcelonès </td> <td>116 950 </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Escut_de_Reus.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reus"><img alt="Reus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Escut_de_Reus.svg/20px-Escut_de_Reus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Escut_de_Reus.svg/30px-Escut_de_Reus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Escut_de_Reus.svg/40px-Escut_de_Reus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="348" data-file-height="508" /></a></span> Reus </td> <td>Baix Camp </td> <td>103 194 </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Spain.Girona.Escut.Timbrat.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Girona"><img alt="Girona" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Spain.Girona.Escut.Timbrat.svg/20px-Spain.Girona.Escut.Timbrat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Spain.Girona.Escut.Timbrat.svg/30px-Spain.Girona.Escut.Timbrat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Spain.Girona.Escut.Timbrat.svg/40px-Spain.Girona.Escut.Timbrat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="557" /></a></span> Girona </td> <td>Gironès </td> <td>97 586 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Costa">Costa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifitgar secziun: Costa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=4" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Costa"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La costa ha ina lunghezza totala da 580 km. Ella enconuscha furmas fitg differentas: En il nord è la Costa Brava grippusa segnada da numerus pitschens golfs sablunus, ils Calas, entant che domineschan en il sid a la Costa Daurada rivas da sablun extendidas. Tranteren, en il nord da Barcelona, sa chatta la Costa del Maresme ed en il sid da Barcelona la Costa del Garraf. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parcs_natirals">Parcs natirals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifitgar secziun: Parcs natirals" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=5" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Parcs natirals"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En la Catalugna èn situads intgins dals pli impurtants parcs da protecziun da la natira da l’entira Peninsla Iberica. Tar quels tutgan en il nordvest en las Pireneas il parc naziunal Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici, en il nordost en las Prepireneas il Parc natiral da la zona vulcanica da la Garrotxa, en il sid il parc natiral en il delta da l’Ebro sco er il parc natiral Cap de Creus al punct il pli oriental da la Peninsla Iberica. Il parc natiral Montseny figurescha ultra da quai sco reservat da biosfera da l’UNESCO. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sutdivisiun_politica">Sutdivisiun politica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifitgar secziun: Sutdivisiun politica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=6" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Sutdivisiun politica"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Comarques_de_Catalunya.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Comarques_de_Catalunya.svg/220px-Comarques_de_Catalunya.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Comarques_de_Catalunya.svg/330px-Comarques_de_Catalunya.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Comarques_de_Catalunya.svg/440px-Comarques_de_Catalunya.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="791" data-file-height="764" /></a><figcaption>La Catalugna cun las 42 <i>comarques</i></figcaption></figure> <p>Administrativamain è la Catalugna dividida en provinzas, comarques e vischnancas. En avegnir duain las vegueries remplazzar las provinzas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Provinzas/vegueries"><span id="Provinzas.2Fvegueries"></span>Provinzas/vegueries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifitgar secziun: Provinzas/vegueries" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=7" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Provinzas/vegueries"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dapi l’onn 1833 existan en la Catalugna las quatter provinzas Barcelona, Tarragona, Lleida e Girona. Tenor il statut d’autonomia dal 2006 e la lescha regiunala da la Catalugna dal 2010 èsi previs da remplazzar las provinzas cun set uschenumnadas vegueries, numnadamain: L’Alt Pirineu, Barcelona, La Catalunya Central, Girona, Lleida, El Camp de Tarragona e Les Terres del Ebre. Tenor la constituziun spagnola vertenta po però be il parlament a Madrid concluder ina tala midada. En vista al conflict politic che perdura èsi perquai da supponer che las provinzas actualas vegnan a restar per il mument en vigur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comarques_e_vischnancas">Comarques e vischnancas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modifitgar secziun: Comarques e vischnancas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=8" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Comarques e vischnancas"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gia l’onn 1936 ha la regenza autonoma catalana da lezza giada relaschà in decret ch’ha sutdividì il territori en comarques. Cun il cumenzament da la dictatura da Franco suenter la sconfitta da las truppas republicanas en la <a href="/wiki/Guerra_civila_spagnola" title="Guerra civila spagnola">Guerra civila spagnola</a>, è quest decret però vegnì annullà. </p><p>L’onn 1987, pia 12 onns suenter la mort da Franco e la transiziun a la democrazia, han ins puspè mess en vigur las comarques dal temp avant Franco. Il dumber da las oriundamain 38 comarques è vegnì auzà per 3 sin 41 ed il 2015 sin actualmain 42. </p><p>Al nivel il pli bass da l’organisaziun statala èn las comarques (circuls) sutdividids en 946 vischnancas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Clima">Clima</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modifitgar secziun: Clima" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=9" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Clima"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En la Catalugna dominescha in clima mediterran: a stads sitgas, chaudas suondan envierns miaivels cun blera plievgia. Facturs ch’influenzeschan il clima local furman la vischinanza resp. distanza tar la mar, la posiziun en foppas, sin muntognas u en posiziuns protegidas dal vent e betg il davos l’autezza sur mar. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Istorgia">Istorgia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modifitgar secziun: Istorgia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=10" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Istorgia"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Avant l’arrivada da l’uman da Cro-Magnon (<i>Homo sapiens</i>) viveva en la regiun gia l’uman da Neandertal, sco che cumprovan chats en la tauna Cova Gran de Santa Linya. </p><p>Il temp istoric da la Catalugna tanscha enavos fin ca. 1000 a.C., cur ch’ils Ibers han colonisà la Peninsla Iberica. Pli tard è la regiun da costa vegnida en la sfera d’influenza da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cartago&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cartago (n'exista betg)">Cartago</a>. A la fin dal terz tschientaner a.C. ha alura Roma prendì il suramaun; l’onn 19 s.C. han ils Romans fatg da la regiun la provinza romana Hispania Tarraconensis. Gia en l’emprim tschientaner s.C. ha il cristianissem cumenzà a sa derasar en la Catalugna odierna. </p><p>En rom dal process da dissoluziun da l’<a href="/wiki/Imperi_roman" title="Imperi roman">Imperi roman</a> èn arrivads l’onn 418 l’emprima giada ils <a href="/w/index.php?title=Visigots&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Visigots (n'exista betg)">Visigots</a> en Spagna, ma pir suenter la Battaglia da Vouillé l’onn 507 han els pudì sa stabilir permanentamain sin la Peninsla Iberica. L’ierta dal reginavel dals Visigots è sa mantegnida il pli ditg a la spunda sid da las Pireneas. Fin en il 11avel tschientaner è stà qua en vigur il codex da dretg Liber Iudicum dal 654 – er il fatg ch’ins ha integrà la part meridiunala da las Pireneas en il sistem da marcas francon (marca spagnola) n’ha betg pudì midar quai. </p><p>Da mantegnair l’autonomia locala n’ha però betg muntà da s’isolar culturalmain. La regiun da las Pireneas ha furmà da vegl ennà in territori da transit fitg frequentà per il stgomi commerzial e cultural tranter il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Proxim_Orient&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proxim Orient (n'exista betg)">Proxim Orient</a> e las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Inslas_Britannicas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inslas Britannicas (n'exista betg)">Inslas Britannicas</a>. En rom dals conflicts guerrils tranter il <a href="/wiki/Reginavel_dals_Francs" title="Reginavel dals Francs">Reginavel dals Francs</a> ed ils <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arabs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arabs (n'exista betg)">Arabs</a> èn sa furmads a la fin dal 8avel ed entschatta dal 9avel tschientaner en la part settentriunala da la Catalugna (che tutga oz tar la Spagna) ed en la Catalugna dal Nord (che tutga oz tar la Frantscha) plirs ducadis ch’eran l’emprim suttamess al retg francon occidental resp. franzos, ma ch’èn daventads en il decurs dals proxims decennis adina pli independents. </p><p>Cont <a href="/w/index.php?title=Guifr%C3%A9_el_Pil%C3%B3s&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guifré el Pilós (n'exista betg)">Guifré el Pilós</a> († 11 d’avust 897) ha unì ils contadis Urgell, Cerdanya, Barcelona e Girona sut ses domini e fundà la dinastia dals contadis catalans. La fin dal 10avel tschientaner èn ils contadis catalans sortids da la suveranitad feudala dal retg francon occidental. Ultra da quests manaders politics ha er giugà in’impurtanta rolla il manader spiertala, l’avat Oliva che manava tranter auter il center cultural da la Catalugna da quel temp, la claustra da Ripoll. </p><p>Dal contract da lètg tranter <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ramon_Berengar_IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ramon Berengar IV (n'exista betg)">Ramon Berengar IV</a>, cont da Barcelona, e Petronila/Peronella, l’ertavla da la curuna d’Aragonia ch’aveva da quel temp pir in onn, è sa furmà l’onn 1137 da l’Aragonia e da las terras da cont da Barcelona, ch’eran en il 12avel tschientaner pli u main identicas cun la Catalugna, ina cuminanza da stadis ch’è enconuschenta sco curuna d’Aragonia. Tras ulteriuras colliaziuns dinasticas e conquistas è quella sa sviluppada en il decurs dal temp autmedieval e temp medieval tardiv a la pussanza dominanta en la part occidentala da la regiun da la Mar Mediterrana. Ses center economic e cultural furmava la part catalana da la cuminanza da stadis, il principat Catalugna, dal qual la flotta da commerzi dominava la part occidentala da la Mar Mediterrana. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="15avel_fin_18avel_tschientaner">15avel fin 18avel tschientaner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modifitgar secziun: 15avel fin 18avel tschientaner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=11" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: 15avel fin 18avel tschientaner"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Cortes_Catalanas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Cortes_Catalanas.jpg/170px-Cortes_Catalanas.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Cortes_Catalanas.jpg/255px-Cortes_Catalanas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fc/Cortes_Catalanas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="402" /></a><figcaption>Ils Corts Catalanes (or d’in’incunabla dal 15avel tschientaner)</figcaption></figure> <p>L’onn 1469 ha Fernando, l’ertavel da la curuna d’<a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aragonia (n'exista betg)">Aragonia</a>, maridà sia cusrina Isabella, l’ertavla da la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Castiglia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Castiglia (n'exista betg)">Castiglia</a>. Els èn vegnids enconuschents en l’istorgia sco retgs catolics (Los Reyes Católicos). L’uniun da la Castiglia cun Aragon ha l’emprim gì lieu en uniun persunala; l’uniun da las duas curunas al Reginavel da la Spagna è alura suandada il 1516 sut <a href="/w/index.php?title=Karl_V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karl V (n'exista betg)">Karl V</a> da pli tard (Carlos I da la Spagna). Entaifer quella è l’autonomia politica interna da la Catalugna però sa mantegnida. </p><p>Durant la Guerra tranter la Frantscha e la Spagna 1635–1659 hai dà en Spagna moviments separatistics. L’onn 1640 èsi reussì al <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> da reacquistar si’independenza (suenter la mort da l’ultim retg portugais l’onn 1580 era quel vegnì integrà en il territori da la curuna da Castiglia). La Catalugna ha medemamain empruvà da puspè acquistar si’autonomia d’antruras, però senza success. En la pasch da las Pireneas ha la Spagna stuì surdar ils territoris catalans situads en il nord da las Pireneas (il contadi istoric Rosselló u Roussillon, la Catalugna dal Nord) a la Frantscha, las ulteriuras parts da la Catalugna èn restadas tar la Spagna. </p><p>En la Guerra da successiun spagnola (1700–1713) ch’è prorutta en connex cun la successiun al tron da Carlos II ch’era restà senza descendenza, han la gronda part dals Catalans sustegnì il pretendent al tron habsburgais archiduca Karl cunter il Bourbon <a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippe_d%27Anjou&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Philippe d'Anjou (n'exista betg)">Philippe d’Anjou</a>. Felipe V, ch’è sortì da la Pasch d’Utrecht sco victur, ha punì persuenter la Catalugna a moda severa: L’onn 1714 è Barcelona sa surdà a las truppas da Felipe V, ils onns ch’èn suandads èn vegnidas schliadas las instituziuns catalanas, uschia che l’administraziun autonoma catalana è ida a fin. Per sa regurdar da quest eveniment vegn dapi il 1980 festivà mintg’onn ils 11 da settember, il di da la capitulaziun 1714, sco di da la festa naziunala catalan (Diada Nacional de Catalunya). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19avel_e_20avel_tschientaner">19avel e 20avel tschientaner</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modifitgar secziun: 19avel e 20avel tschientaner" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=12" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: 19avel e 20avel tschientaner"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Las duas pli grondas cesuras politicas dals dus davos tschientaners èn stadas per la Catalugna per l’ina ils onns 1812 fin 1814, cur che quella ha fatg part sut <a href="/wiki/Napoleun" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleun">Napoleun</a> da l’Imperi franzos ed era l’emprim dividida en quatter, pli tard en dus départements. Per l’autra en il 20avel tschientaner ils onns da la Guerra civila spagnola e da la dictatura da Franco. </p><p>En rom da la Segunda Republica avev’ins l’emprim concedì l’onn 1931 a la Catalugna in’autonomia provisorica cun puspè installar la Generalitat; quella han ins fixà il 1932 en il statut d’autonomia. Dal 1934 fin il 1936 è l’autonomia però stada suspendida e cun la victoria da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Franco&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Franco (n'exista betg)">Francisco Franco</a> en la <a href="/wiki/Guerra_civila_spagnola" title="Guerra civila spagnola">Guerra civila spagnola</a> l’onn 1939 è quella vegnida schliada dal tuttafatg. Durant la Guerra civila spagnola 1936–1939 aveva la Catalugna (surtut Barcelona) furma il lieu d’acziun da la suletta revoluziun anarchista en l’istorgia da l’Europa ch’ha gì (almain parzialmain) success. </p><p>Durant la dictatura da Franco ha la Generalitat cuntinuà d’exister en l’exil. En rom da la transiziun suenter la mort da Franco han ins danovamain concedì a la Catalugna l’emprim l’onn 1977 in’autonomia provisorica e renconuschì suenter ses return or da l’exil Josep Tarradellas sco president da la Generalitat. A basa da la nova constituziun democratica da la Spagna dal 1978 ha la Catalugna cuntanschì il 1979 in nov statut d’autonomia. En rom da quel han ins extendì adina dapli las cumpetenzas ed er las finanzas da la regiun, per il pli sut pressiun da gruppaziuns catalanas naziunalisticas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistem_politic_e_moviment_d’independenza"><span id="Sistem_politic_e_moviment_d.E2.80.99independenza"></span>Sistem politic e moviment d’independenza</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modifitgar secziun: Sistem politic e moviment d’independenza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=13" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Sistem politic e moviment d’independenza"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sistem_politic">Sistem politic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modifitgar secziun: Sistem politic" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=14" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Sistem politic"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Flickr_-_Converg%C3%A8ncia_Democr%C3%A0tica_de_Catalunya_-_Foto_debat_Pol%C3%ADtica_General_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flickr_-_Converg%C3%A8ncia_Democr%C3%A0tica_de_Catalunya_-_Foto_debat_Pol%C3%ADtica_General_2.jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Converg%C3%A8ncia_Democr%C3%A0tica_de_Catalunya_-_Foto_debat_Pol%C3%ADtica_General_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flickr_-_Converg%C3%A8ncia_Democr%C3%A0tica_de_Catalunya_-_Foto_debat_Pol%C3%ADtica_General_2.jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Converg%C3%A8ncia_Democr%C3%A0tica_de_Catalunya_-_Foto_debat_Pol%C3%ADtica_General_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Flickr_-_Converg%C3%A8ncia_Democr%C3%A0tica_de_Catalunya_-_Foto_debat_Pol%C3%ADtica_General_2.jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Converg%C3%A8ncia_Democr%C3%A0tica_de_Catalunya_-_Foto_debat_Pol%C3%ADtica_General_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>Il parlament da la Catalugna</figcaption></figure> <p>Dapi l’onn 1978 dispona la Catalugna dal status d’ina communitad autonoma entaifer il stadi spagnol. Tranter quellas è la Catalugna segnada – ensemen cun las autras communitads autonomas ‹istoricas›, il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pajais_Basc&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pajais Basc (n'exista betg)">Pajais Basc</a>, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galizia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galizia (n'exista betg)">Galizia</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Navarra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Navarra (n'exista betg)">Navarra</a> – d’in spezialmain aut grad d’atgnas cumpetenzas areguard la legislaziun ed administraziun. Tranter auter posseda la Catalugna in’atgna unitad da polizia, la Mossos d’Esquadra che surpiglia pass per pass las incumbensas da la polizia spagnola sin territori catalan. Er sin numerus auters champs politics, sco per exempel la furmaziun, la sanadad u l’economia, dispona la Catalugna da bleras atgnas cumpetenzas. Quellas èn fixadas en il statut d’autonomia che regla d’ina vart la relaziun envers il stadi cumplessiv spagnol e determinescha da l’autra vart las instituziuns catalanas e lur funcziunament. En quel senn vala il statut d’autonomia sco equivalent funcziunal d’ina constituziun. Midadas basegnan il consentiment dal parlament catalan, dal parlament spagnol e da la populaziun catalana en furma d’in referendum. </p><p>Il parlament catalan (Parlament de Catalunya) consista da 135 deputads che vegnan elegids mintga quatter onns en elecziun directa. Il parlament elegia da sia vart il president da la Generalitat de Catalunya che furma il chau da l’autoritad autonoma catalana. Il president po nominar in primminister (Conseller Primer) ed ils ulteriurs consellers che furman il Consell Executiu u Govern de la Generalitat de Catalunya (regenza regiunala). Tut las instituziuns da l’autoritad autonoma ensemen (parlament, president e regenza) furman la Generalitat de Catalunya. La Catalugna survegn var in terz da las taglias sin las entradas che vegnan incassadas en questa regiun. </p><p>Pervi da la cuntraversa istorica cun la pussanza centrala spagnola e la ferma schientscha d’independenza culturala, è il sistem da partida regiunal da la Catalugna segnà fermamain dal pèr oppost centrum-periferia. Questa lingia da conflict tranter represchentants d’ina pli ferma autonomia resp. independenza da la regiun (ils uschenumnads «naziunalists catalans») ed ils aderents d’in ferm stadi central spagnol tanscha a travers il spectrum da partidas e na sa cuvra betg cun las ulteriuras lingias da conflict politicas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="La_dumonda_da_l’independenza"><span id="La_dumonda_da_l.E2.80.99independenza"></span>La dumonda da l’independenza</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modifitgar secziun: La dumonda da l’independenza" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=15" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: La dumonda da l’independenza"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>L’onn 1980 han gì lieu las emprimas elecziuns regiunalas suenter la dictatura da Franco. Il statut d’autonomia ch’ins aveva pudì acquistar dacurt ha purtà a la regiun stabilitad e pussibilità a la CiU in lung temp da regenza sut il president da la generalitat <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordi_Pujol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jordi Pujol (n'exista betg)">Jordi Pujol</a>. </p><p>Quella è ida a fin pir il 2003, cur che Pujol n’ha betg pli candidà. Tranter il 2003 ed il 2010 ha alura regì ina coaliziun dals socialists cun ulteriuras partidas da la sanestra sut ils presidents da la generalitad <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pasqual_Maragall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pasqual Maragall (n'exista betg)">Pasqual Maragall</a> (fin il 2006) e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Montilla&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Montilla (n'exista betg)">José Montilla</a> (fin il 2010). En il center da questa perioda è stada la dumonda d’ina revisiun dal statut d’autonomia che dueva rinforzar l’independenza da la regiun. Questa finamira han ins cuntanschì il 2006<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, però cunter las vuschs dal Partido Popular (orientà ad ina ferma pussanza centrala spagnola). Da l’autra vart han ins però er stuì far vaira grondas concessiuns envers Madrid, saja quai en dumondas finanzialas u er areguard la dumonda da fixar la Catalugna sco ‹naziun› (quai ch’il parlament spagnol ha la finala reducì ad ina furmla da cumpromiss che cumpara be pli en la preambla). Questas concessiuns envers il stadi central han manà a dischuniuns tranter ils naziunalists catalans e flaivlentà la coaliziun. </p><p>Anc bler pli fitg èn s’averts ils foss tranter centralists, naziunalists moderads e naziunalists fervents suenter che la dretgira constituziunala spagnola ha revocà il 2010, sin dumonda dal Partido Popular conservativ, parts dal statut d’autonomia dal 2006. A chaschun da las elecziuns dal november 2010 hai sinaquai dà ina midada da la regenza: Dal 2010 fin il 2016 ha puspè regì la CiU cun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Artur_Mas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artur Mas (n'exista betg)">Artur Mas</a> sco president da la generalitat. Anc pegiurada è la situaziun pervi da la crisa da finanzas ch’ha tutga la Spagna a partir dal 2010 e da la quala la Catalugna, indebitada fermamain, è stada pertutgada spezialmain. Quai ha provocà novas discussiuns areguard la suveranitad finanziala: politichers naziunalists catalans han dà la culpa per l’aut indebitament da la regiun – economicamain ferma – a la regenza a Madrid resp. a la gulivaziun da finanzas statala. </p><p>Pervi dal statut d’autonomia dal 2006 – nuncuntentaivel ord vista dals naziunalists ils pli fervents ed ultra da quai cumbattì dal Partido Popular e per part puspè revocà – avevi gia dà il december 2009 votaziuns dal pievel simbolicas en 166 vischnancas catalanas. Ils 11 da settember 2012 èn suandadas demonstraziuns en massa<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ed intginas emnas pli tard ha il parlament catalan dumandà la regenza regiunala en ina resoluziun da manar tras en il decurs da la proxima perioda da legislatura ina votaziun dal pievel areguard «l’avegnir collectiv dal pievel catalan». Quella ha la finala gì lieu ils 9 da november 2014 – per betg cuntrafar a la constituziun spagnola betg en furma da referendum, mabain en furma da consultaziun dal pievel. Tenor quella èn 80,1 % dals votants s’exprimids a favur da l’independenza statala. Nov president è daventà il chau da la citad da Girona <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carles_Puigdemont&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carles Puigdemont (n'exista betg)">Carles Puigdemont</a>. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Demonstration_%22Som_una_naci%C3%B3._Nosaltres_decidim%22_(Catalu%C3%B1a,_2010).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Demonstration_%22Som_una_naci%C3%B3._Nosaltres_decidim%22_%28Catalu%C3%B1a%2C_2010%29.jpg/220px-Demonstration_%22Som_una_naci%C3%B3._Nosaltres_decidim%22_%28Catalu%C3%B1a%2C_2010%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Demonstration_%22Som_una_naci%C3%B3._Nosaltres_decidim%22_%28Catalu%C3%B1a%2C_2010%29.jpg/330px-Demonstration_%22Som_una_naci%C3%B3._Nosaltres_decidim%22_%28Catalu%C3%B1a%2C_2010%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Demonstration_%22Som_una_naci%C3%B3._Nosaltres_decidim%22_%28Catalu%C3%B1a%2C_2010%29.jpg/440px-Demonstration_%22Som_una_naci%C3%B3._Nosaltres_decidim%22_%28Catalu%C3%B1a%2C_2010%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>Marsch da protesta per l’independenza catalana l’onn 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>Sco empermischun electorala centrala ha el annunzià in referendum davart l’independenza da la Catalugna. Quel ha gì lieu – sut premissas contestadas – il prim d’october 2017, ed ils 10 d’october ha Puigdemont suttascrit in document ch’è vegnì declerà sco proclamaziun da l’independenza. A medem temp ha Puigdemont però sistì il process d’independenza per sa metter en tractativas cun la regenza spagnola. Quella ha refusà talas tractativas, ha declerà il referendum sco illegal e privà ils 21 d’october la regenza regiunala catalana da la pussanza. Il primminister spagnol <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mariano_Rajoy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mariano Rajoy (n'exista betg)">Mariano Rajoy</a> è sa referì a la constituziun spagnola, ha annunzià da puspè vulair stabilir l’urden constituziunal e la stabilitad economica en la Catalugna ed ha mess en vista novas elecziuns. Sinaquai ha il parlament regiunal catalan declerà da sai anora la Catalugna sco republica independenta. Quai ha la regenza spagnola danovamain sbittà sco illegal ed ha schlià il parlament. Er la communitad da stadis internaziunala n’ha betg renconuschì l’independenza. </p><p>Tar las novas elecziuns il december 2017 han las partidas separatisticas danovamain cuntanschì ina stgarsa maioritad en il parlament, senza però disponer da la maioritad da las vuschs. Nov primminister da la regenza regiunala è daventà la fin da matg 2018 <a href="/w/index.php?title=Quim_Torra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quim Torra (n'exista betg)">Quim Torra</a>, suenter che Puigdemont e ministers da sia regenza eran vegnids accusads da la giustia spagnola e per part fugids a l’exteriur. Malgrà la prontezza da Madrid da manar discurs, ha Torra insistì che sia finamira saja l’independenza cumplaina da la Catalugna. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economia">Economia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modifitgar secziun: Economia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=16" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Economia"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Svilup_economic">Svilup economic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modifitgar secziun: Svilup economic" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=17" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Svilup economic"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cun in product naziunal brut da 204 milliuns euros (situaziun dal 2015) furma la Catalugna economicamain la pli ferma communitad autonoma da la Spagna.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La Catalugna tutga (ensemen cun il Pajais Basc) tar las regiuns da la Spagna ch’èn vegnidas industrialisadas il pli baud ed a moda la pli intensiva. Perquai ha gì lieu fin lunsch en il 20avel tschientaner in’immigraziun da blers Spagnols da regiuns pli povras sco l’Andalusia u l’Extremadura. Aregurad il product interiur brut per abitants sa chattava la Catalugna l’onn 2015 suenter Madrid, Navarra ed il Pajais Basc sin il quart plaz; cumpareglià cun il product interiur brut ha la regiun cuntanschì il medem onn in index da 107 (EU-28=100). Sa chattava la quota da dischoccupads l’onn 2005 tar 6,9 % (per cumparegliar: Spagna: 9,2 %, EU-28: 9,0 %), è quella creschida fin il 2013 sin 23,1 % (Spagna: 26,1 %, EU-28: 10,9 %); ils ultims onns è ella puspè sa sbassada in pau (2016: 15,7 %, 2017: 13,4 %). </p><p>La Catalugna furma ina regiun autamain industrialisada. Impurtants secturs èn chemia, farmazia, industria d’autos (la producziun da la marca d’auto Seat ha lieu per gronda part en Catalugna) e da textilias. </p><p>En il sectur agrar è da menziunar surtut la viticultura. Suenter la Frantscha è la Catalugna il pli impurtant exportader da vin stgimant (sect). Enconuschentas marcas da la bavronda numnada Cava èn Freixenet e Codorníu. </p><p>Malgrà la fermezza economica, è la regiun Catalugna però indebitada fitg ferm. L’onn 2015 ha l’indebitament muntà a bunamain 73 milliardas euros – la pli auta summa ch’è vegnida mesirada insacura en ina regiun spagnola. </p><p>L’onn 2016 han per exempel 802 interpresas transferì lur sedia da la Catalugna en autras regiuns da la Spagna. A medem temp èn 531 interpresas sa chasadas da nov en la regiun. Cumpareglià cun autras regiuns da la Spagna dat en egl che surtut la regiun da Madrid ha pudì profitar a medem temp da domiciliaziuns da novs manaschis. En la discussiun politica vegn il saldo negativ mess en connex cun il moviment d’independenza catalan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Turissem">Turissem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modifitgar secziun: Turissem" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=18" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Turissem"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cun ina cumpart da 12 % al product interiur brut furma il turissem in’impurtanta pitga da l’economia catalana. Sco in dals paucs secturs che porschan er en temp da crisa perspectivas da creschientscha, han ins investì ils ultims onns intenziunadamain en il turissem. </p><p>Ils lieus da bogn da la Costa Brava en il nord e da la Costa Daurada en il sid èn impurtantas destinaziuns da vacanzas per tut l’Europa. <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> furma in dals pli impurtants ports da la Mar Mediterrana per cruscheras. Vitiers vegnan purschidas da viadi multifaras en l’intern dal pajais ed en las Pireneas (turissem da sport, turissem da famiglia, turissem rural e.a.). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Linguas">Linguas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modifitgar secziun: Linguas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=19" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Linguas"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Catalan_in_Europe.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Catalan_in_Europe.png/200px-Catalan_in_Europe.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cc/Catalan_in_Europe.png 1.5x" data-file-width="290" data-file-height="290" /></a><figcaption>Territori da derasaziun dal catalan</figcaption></figure> <p>Durant la dictatura da Franco a partir dal 1939 è il diever public da la lingua catalana l’emprim vegnì supprimì. Blers nums locals èn vegnids translatads en spagnol ed en scola ha l’instrucziun gì lieu fin il 1967 exclusivamain en lingua spagnola. Suenter la fin da la dictatura, numnadamain cun il status d’autonomia dal 1978 ch’è francà en la constituziun spagnola, ha la lingua catalana puspè gudagnà adina dapli muntada. Las singulas determinaziuns culturalas e linguisticas vegnan precisadas e fixadas en il statut d’autonomia. Tenor quel valan il spagnol (castellano/castilian) ed il catalan oz uffizialmain sco linguas equivalentas. La regenza regiunala sustegna la lingua catalana tant sco pussaivel, er medias da tut gener vegnan promovidas finanzialmain. </p><p>Tenor la statistica uffiziala han l’onn 2008 31,7 % da la populaziun inditgà il catalan sco lingua materna e 55,0 % il castilian. Ulteriurs 3,8 % han inditgà omaduas linguas sco linguas maternas. En la Val d’Aran discurran radund 7000 persuna aranais, ina varietad dal rom gascon da la lingua occitana. Cumbain che l’occitan è derasà vastamain en la Frantscha dal Sid, giauda questa lingua be en la Catalugna in status uffizial. </p><p>Tar la relevaziun statistica è er vegnì dumandà suenter la lingua che vegn duvrada usualmain (Llengua habitual) e la lingua cun la quala ins s’identifitgescha (Llengua d’identificació). Qua ha il catalan cuntanschì valurs da 35,6 resp. 37,3 %.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La predominanza dal castilian è er d’attribuir a la situaziun linguistica en la regiun gronda da Barcelona ch’è segnada da migraziun. Il catalan dominescha – cun excepziun da Camp de Tarragona – en tut las autras regiuns (Terres de l’Ebre, Àmbit de Ponent, Comarques Centrals ed Alt Pirineu i Aran). Tenor las statisticas uffizialas era la cumpart da las persunas ch’avevan inditgà il catalan sco lingua duvrada usualmain sa sbassada da 46,0 % 2003 sin 35,64 % 2008 (t.a. pervi da l’immigraziun or da pajais latinamericans); a medem temp era il dumber da quels ch’han inditgà omaduas linguas sco lur Llengua habitual creschì da 4,7 % sin 12,0 %. </p><p>Oz discurra la gronda part da la populaziun en il mintgadi er catalan. Tenor in studi ch’è vegnì fatg sin plazs scola, han persunas da lingua materna catalana però la tendenza da s’adattar a la lingua materna dal parternari da discussiun. Persunas che discurran castilian restan percunter tendenzialmain tar lur lingua er visavi persunas che discurran catalan. La correspundenza en scrit cun las autoritads e l’instrucziun en scola populara ed a las scolas autas ha da l’autra vart lieu praticamain be en catalan ed interpresas ston edir lur publicaziuns (er) en lingua catalana. Persunas da lingua spagnola ch’immigreschan nà d’autras parts dal pajais resentan questa politica per part sco schicana, damai ch’els èn sfurzads, per exempel per plazzas publicas, d’emprender catalan. Curs da lingua catalans vegnan purschids en blers lieus gratuitamain. En la televisiun ed en la pressa ha però il spagnol ina posiziun dominanta, damai che prevalan qua las medias surregiunalas. </p><p>A la reproscha ch’il castilian vegnia stgatschà a l’ur sa lascha opponer l’artitgel 6 dal statut d’autonomia dal 2006, en il qual igl ha num: </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><blockquote style="background-color:#fafafa; float:none; padding:3px 15px 3px 15px; border:thin solid #e0e0e0"><div> <p>Il catalan è la lingua uffiziala da la Catalugna, tuttina sco il spagnol ch’è la lingua uffiziala dal stadi spagnol. Mintga singul ha il dretg da sa servir da las duas linguas uffizialas ed ils burgais da la Catalugna han il dretg e l’obligaziun da dumagnar quellas. </p> </div></blockquote> <p>Ed areguard l’aranais hai num en il statut sut il medem artitgel: </p> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><blockquote style="background-color:#fafafa; float:none; padding:3px 15px 3px 15px; border:thin solid #e0e0e0"><div> <p>5. La lingua occitana, [che vegn] numnada <i>aranais</i> en la [Val d’]Aran, è l’atgna lingua da quest territori ed è uffizial en la Catalugna, quai en accordanza cun quai che fixeschan quest Statut e las leschas da standardisaziun linguistica.<br /> </p> <div style="overflow:visible;"> <div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="border:0;"> <div class="NavHead" style="text-align:center;text-align:left; color:#808080;">Text original (catalan)  </div> <div class="NavContent" style="text-align:left;"> <div lang="ca" style="font-style:italic;">5. La llengua occitana, denominada aranès a l’Aran, és la llengua pròpia d’aquest territori i és oficial a Catalunya, d’acord amb el que estableixen aquest Estatut i les lleis de normalització lingüística.</div> </div></div></div> </div><p style="margin:0 2em 0 0; text-align:right">— Artitgel 6. L’atgna lingua e las linguas uffizialas, Statut d’autonomia da la Catalugna</p></blockquote> <p>La Catalugna sa chapescha oramai sco naziun culturala bi- u schizunt trilingua. Radund 80 % dals Catalans – er ina clera maioritad da las persunas en Catalugna che discurran castilian e schizunt ils electurs dal Partido Popular entaifer la Catalugna – han inditgà l’atun 2012 en in studi d’approvar la politica linguistica catalana da l’immersiun. Be 14,5 % da tut ils Catalans han refusà quai. Malgrà quai è il tribunal suprem spagnol savens occupà cun la politica da lingua catalana ed ha er gia sfurzà las autoritads catalanas da far midaments en il senn da meglras purschidas a favur da la lingua castiliana. Il 2013 èn per exempel vegnids declerads sco nunvalaivels plirs artitgels d’in decret dal 2008, tenor ils quals la suletta lingua da conversaziun a las instituziuns da furmaziun prescolaras en Catalugna saja il catalan.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultura">Cultura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modifitgar secziun: Cultura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=20" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Cultura"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Enconuschents_artists">Enconuschents artists</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modifitgar secziun: Enconuschents artists" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=21" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Enconuschents artists"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Entaifer la pictura ed architectura èn da numnar ils suandants enconuschents artists catalans (en successiun cronologica): <a href="/wiki/Antoni_Gaud%C3%AD" title="Antoni Gaudí">Antoni Gaudí</a> (1852–1926), <a href="/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3" title="Joan Miró">Joan Miró</a> (1893–1983), <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Salvador Dalí</a> (1904–1989), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_Brossa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan Brossa (n'exista betg)">Joan Brossa</a> (1919–1998), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Antoni_T%C3%A0pies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Antoni Tàpies (n'exista betg)">Antoni Tàpies</a> (1923–2012). </p><p>Enconuschents musicists e chantadurs èn <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pau_Casals&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pau Casals (n'exista betg)">Pau Casals</a> (1876–1973), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Xavier_Cugat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xavier Cugat (n'exista betg)">Xavier Cugat</a> (1900–1990), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloria_Lasso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gloria Lasso (n'exista betg)">Gloria Lasso</a> (1922–2005), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Victoria_de_los_%C3%81ngeles&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victoria de los Ángeles (n'exista betg)">Victoria de los Ángeles</a> (1923–2005), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tete_Montoliu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tete Montoliu (n'exista betg)">Tete Montoliu</a> (1933–1997), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Montserrat_Caball%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Montserrat Caballé (n'exista betg)">Montserrat Caballé</a> (1933–2018), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordi_Savall&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jordi Savall (n'exista betg)">Jordi Savall</a> (* 1941), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joan_Manuel_Serrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joan Manuel Serrat (n'exista betg)">Joan Manuel Serrat</a> (* 1943), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Josep_Carreras&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Josep Carreras (n'exista betg)">Josep Carreras</a> (* 1946), <a href="/wiki/Llu%C3%ADs_Llach" title="Lluís Llach">Lluís Llach</a> (* 1948), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maria_del_Mar_Bonet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maria del Mar Bonet (n'exista betg)">Maria del Mar Bonet</a> (* 1947). </p><p>Entaifer il film èn ultra da quai da menziunar <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bigas_Luna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bigas Luna (n'exista betg)">Bigas Luna</a> (1946–2013), <a href="/w/index.php?title=Isabel_Coixet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Isabel Coixet (n'exista betg)">Isabel Coixet</a> (* 1960) e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Guer%C3%ADn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Luis Guerín (n'exista betg)">José Luis Guerín</a> (* 1960) ed entaifer la litteratura <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ester_Xargay&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ester Xargay (n'exista betg)">Ester Xargay</a> (* 1960). </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteca:Concurs_de_Castells_2010_P1310205.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Concurs_de_Castells_2010_P1310205.JPG/210px-Concurs_de_Castells_2010_P1310205.JPG" decoding="async" width="210" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Concurs_de_Castells_2010_P1310205.JPG/315px-Concurs_de_Castells_2010_P1310205.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Concurs_de_Castells_2010_P1310205.JPG/420px-Concurs_de_Castells_2010_P1310205.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Castellers de Vilafranca</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tradiziun_populara">Tradiziun populara</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modifitgar secziun: Tradiziun populara" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=22" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Tradiziun populara"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In’enconuschenta tradiziun populara ch’è colliada cun la Catalugna furman ils Castells. Igl èn quai piramidas d’umans spectacularas, las qualas squadras (catalan colles) da diversas citads en la Catalugna furman tradiziunalmain a chaschun da festivitads. Quellas pon cumpigliar fin a diesch ‹auzadas›; ils umans en las auzadas sisum èn pli giuvens e satigls ed il pli sisum furma in uffant il spitg da la tur. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schientscha_naziunala">Schientscha naziunala</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modifitgar secziun: Schientscha naziunala" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=23" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Schientscha naziunala"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Da la Catalugna en il senn da la regiun spagnola odierna èn da differenziar ils pajais catalans (catalan Països Catalans), ils quals èn, sper il catalan sco lingua communabla, segnads d’auters tratgs communabels istorics e culturals. Tar quests pajais tutgan sper la regiun spagnola da medem num las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balearas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Balearas (n'exista betg)">Balearas</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valencia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valencia (n'exista betg)">Valencia</a>, la regiun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roussilon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roussilon (n'exista betg)">Roussilon</a> (‹Catalugna dal Nord›) che fa part da la <a href="/wiki/Frantscha" title="Frantscha">Frantscha</a>, ina sdrima graschla en l’<a href="/w/index.php?title=Aragonia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aragonia (n'exista betg)">Aragonia</a>, l’uschenumanda Franja de Ponent, <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> e la citad Alghero (catalan l’Alguer) sin l’insla <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sardegna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sardegna (n'exista betg)">Sardegna</a>. Il cunfin settentriunal da quest spazi linguistic e cultural vegn marcà oz tras la Porta dels Països Catalans sper Salses-le-Château en il Roussillon. </p><p>La bandiera catalana (Senyera) è melna cun quatter sdrimas cotschnas. Il text da l’imni naziunal catalan ‹Els Segadors› (‹Ils medunzs›) va enavos sin ina sullevaziun cunter ils regents castilians en il 17avel tschientaner. </p><p>Di da la festa naziunala è ils 11 da settember, il di che las truppas dal pretendent al tron bourbon <a href="/w/index.php?title=Felipe_V&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Felipe V (n'exista betg)">Felipe V</a> avevan, durant la Guerra da successiun spagnola, conquistà il 1714 Barcelona. En consequenza da quai aveva Felipe V abolì las instituziuns tradiziunalas dals pajais da l’anteriura curuna aragona, ils quals eran stads durant la guerra per gronda part sin la vart da ses adversaris habsburgais. Ils Catalans vesan ils 11 da settember sco di, il qual la Catalugna ha pers si’independenza. Oz sa regord’ins quel di per l’ina dals schuldads catalans ch’èn morts lezza giada e celebrescha per l’autra il fatg che la lingua e cultura catalana ha, malgrà tuttas repressalias, survivì fin oz. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport_e_politica">Sport e politica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modifitgar secziun: Sport e politica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=24" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Sport e politica"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La géographie olympique da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre_de_Coubertin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pierre de Coubertin (n'exista betg)">Pierre de Coubertin</a> preveseva che er naziunalitads sutvart il plaun statal possian sa participar cun atgnas squadras als gieus olimpics (p.ex. la <a href="/wiki/Finlanda" title="Finlanda">Finlanda</a> entaifer la <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boemia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boemia (n'exista betg)">Boemia</a> entaifer l’<a href="/w/index.php?title=Austria-Ungaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Austria-Ungaria (n'exista betg)">Austria-Ungaria</a>). Uschia ha er il comité olimpic da Barcelona dumandà da pudair s participar cun in’atgnia squadra als gieus olimpics da stad dal 1912 fin il 1928. Questa dumonda è però vegnida refusada sin proposta dals represchentants da la <a href="/wiki/Spagna" title="Spagna">Spagna</a> en l’IOC. </p><p>L’onn 1931 ha <a href="/wiki/Barcelona" title="Barcelona">Barcelona</a> candidà sco lieu d’occurrenza dals gieus olimpics da stad dal 1936. Quels èn la finala però vegnids attribuids a <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, damai ch’igl aveva dà durant la sesida decisiva a Barcelona sajettadas sin via e che Berlin pudeva garantir ruaus e segirezza. Persuenter ha gì lieu a Barcelona il 1936 l’olimpiada populara sco occurrenza da protesta d’orientaziun sanestra, drizzada cunter l’olimpiada uffiziala en la Germania faschistica. </p><p>L’onn 1992 – dal temp che <a href="/w/index.php?title=Juan_Antonio_Samaranch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Juan Antonio Samaranch (n'exista betg)">Juan Antonio Samaranch</a>, oriund da Barcelona, era president da l’IOC – han la finala gì lieu a Barcelona ils gieus olimpics da stad regulars. Surtut en il program da cultura e tar mintga annunzia en il stadion èn ins er sa servids da la lingua catalana per render uschia attent a las atgnadads linguisticas e culturalas da la regiun.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In ferm promotur da l’independenza da la Catalugna è il FC Barcelona. Entrass quella en vigur, na pudess il club da ballape betg pli giugar en l’emprima liga spagnola ed ha proponì da sai anora da vulair giugar lura en l’emprima liga franzosa (quai che fiss oramai pussaivel tenor il dretg da l’<a href="/wiki/Uniun_europeica" title="Uniun europeica">Uniun europeica</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Annotaziuns">Annotaziuns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Modifitgar secziun: Annotaziuns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=25" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Annotaziuns"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idescat/">Actualització IDESCAT 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090411004529/http://www.parlament.cat/porteso/estatut/estatut_alemany_080207.pdf">versiun tudestga dal statut d’autonomia</a> (PDF; 504 kB).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faz.net/aktuell/wirtschaft/europas-schuldenkrise/spanien/katalonische-unabhaengigkeitsforderung-ein-neuer-staat-in-europa-11947767.html"><i>Ein neuer Staat in Europa?</i></a> En: <i>Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung,</i> consultà ils 4 da november 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eurostat: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/estat-navtree-portlet-prod/BulkDownloadListing?file=data/nama_10r_2gdp.tsv.gz"><i>European System of National and Regional Accounts</i></a>, consultà ils 17 d’october 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> Institut d’Estadística de Catalunya: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idescat.cat/dequavi/?TC=444&V0=15&V1=2"><i>Usos lingüístics. Llengua inicial, d’identificació i habitual</i></a>, consultà ils 25 d’october 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter A. Kraus: <i>Katalonien im demokratischen Spanien</i>, en: Walther L. Bernecker, Torsten Esser, Peter A. Kraus: <i>Eine kleine Geschichte Kataloniens</i>, p. 213ss.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Arnd Krüger: <i>The Unfinished Symphony. A History of the Olympic Games from Coubertin to Samaranch.</i> En: James Riordan, Arnd Krüger (ed.): <i>The International Politics of Sport in the 20th Century.</i> Routledge, Londra 1999, p. 3–27.</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Litteratura">Litteratura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Modifitgar secziun: Litteratura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=26" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Litteratura"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pilar Arnau i Segarra, Gero Arnscheidt, Tilbert Dídac Stegmann, Manfred Tietz (ed.): <i>Narrative Neuanfänge. Der katalanische Roman der Gegenwart.</i> edition tranvia/Verlag Walter Frey, Berlin 2007, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783938944134" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-938944-13-4</a>.</li> <li>Walther L. Bernecker, Torsten Eßer, Peter A. Kraus: <i>Eine kleine Geschichte Kataloniens.</i> suhrkamp taschenbuch 3879, Francfurt a.M. 2007, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783518458792" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-518-45879-2</a>.</li> <li>Sören Brinkmann: <i>Katalonien und der Spanische Bürgerkrieg, Geschichte und Erinnerung.</i> edition tranvía/Verlag Walter Frey, Berlin 2007, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783938944127" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-938944-12-7</a>.</li> <li>Carlos Collado Seidel: <i>Kleine Geschichte Kataloniens.</i> C.H. Beck, Mnica 2007, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783406547874" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-406-54787-4</a>.</li> <li>Torsten Eßer, Tilbert D. Stegmann (ed.): <i>Kataloniens Rückkehr nach Europa 1976–2006: Geschichte, Politik, Kultur und Wirtschaft.</i> (<i>Kultur: Forschung und Wissenschaft</i>, tom 8), LIT Verlag, Münster 2007, <a href="/wiki/Spezial:ISBN-Suche/9783825802837" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-3-8258-0283-7</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Colliaziuns">Colliaziuns</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Modifitgar secziun: Colliaziuns" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifitgar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&action=edit&section=27" title="Quellcode des Abschnitts bearbeiten: Colliaziuns"><span>modifitgar il code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Catalonia?uselang=rm">Commons: Catalugna</a></span></b> – Collecziun da maletgs, videos e datotecas d'audio</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gencat.cat/">Pagina uffiziala da la regenza da la Catalugna</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enciclopedia.cat/">Catalan Hyperencyclopaedia</a> – enciclopedia cumplessiva davart la Catalugna</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.urlaube.info/Barcelona/Geschichte.html">L’istorgia da la Catalugna cun chartas explicativas</a></li></ul> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&oldid=165909">https://rm.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catalugna&oldid=165909</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spezial:Kategorien" title="Spezial:Kategorien">Categorias</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Spagna" title="Categoria:Spagna">Spagna</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Artitgels_recumandads_(Regiuns_europeicas)" title="Categoria:Artitgels recumandads (Regiuns europeicas)">Artitgels recumandads (Regiuns europeicas)</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Categoria:Seiten,_die_magische_ISBN-Links_verwenden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Categoria:Seiten, die magische ISBN-Links verwenden (n'exista betg)">Seiten, die magische ISBN-Links verwenden</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è vegnida modifitgada l'ultima giada ils 12. matg 2024 a las 20:45.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.grok.se/rm/latest30/Catalugna">Statistica d'access per questa pagina</a><br /><br /> Text is available under the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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