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collar</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: dog shock collar"> <meta name="keywords" content="dog shock collar"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="dog shock collar"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 464</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: dog shock collar</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">464</span> The Conservation of the Botanical Collar of Tutankhamun</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Safwat%20Mohamed%20Sayed%20Ali">Safwat Mohamed Sayed Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20Kamal"> Hussein Kamal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the conservation procedures of the botanical collar of King Tutankhamun. It dates back to the new Kingdom. This collar was kept in a box but found in bad condition. Many parts of the collar were separated. The collar suffered from dryness and dust, so it needed to be cleaned mechanically and recollected together. Japanese paper was used to collect the separated parts of the collar on a linen thread. The linen thread was dyed with organic dye to match the color of the plant material. The guidance in collecting the different parts of the plant collar is the original photograph captured at the discovery of the tomb. Also, the optical microscope was used in collecting fractured parts. The weak parts of the collar were treated with a suitable consolidation material. Klucel G dissolved in Ethyl Alcohol 0.5% was used in the treatment and gave convenient results. Some investigations were executed in order to identify the plant types used in making the botanical collar. Scanning Electron microscope and optical microscope were used in plant identification. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable" title="sustainable">sustainable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consolidation" title=" consolidation"> consolidation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant" title=" plant"> plant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=investigation" title=" investigation"> investigation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171861/the-conservation-of-the-botanical-collar-of-tutankhamun" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/171861.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">81</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">463</span> Success Rate of Endotracheal Intubation Using Inline Stabilization with and without Cervical Hard Collar; A Comparative Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Welawat%20Tienpratarn">Welawat Tienpratarn</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaiyaporn%20Yuksen"> Chaiyaporn Yuksen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kasamon%20Aramvanitch"> Kasamon Aramvanitch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karn%20Suttapanit"> Karn Suttapanit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yahya%20Mankong"> Yahya Mankong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nussareen%20Yaemluksanalert"> Nussareen Yaemluksanalert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sansanee%20Meesawad"> Sansanee Meesawad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction : Application of a rigid cervical collar may interfere with the laryngeal view, and potentially lead to failed endotracheal intubation (ETI). This study aimed to compare intubation success rates while performing inline stabilization with and without cervical hard collar. Methods : This randomized prospective comparative study included paramedics working in the Department of Emergency Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand to compare the success rates of endotracheal intubation on manikin using inline stabilization with and without cervical hard collar. Results : 125 participants were evaluated; 63 in the rigid cervical collar and 62 in the non-cervical hard collar group. The rate of successful intubation was significantly higher using manual stabilization without cervical hard collar (61 (96.8%) vs. 55 (88.7%); p=0.048). The time required to successfully perform intubation was also shorter, with manual stabilization only (14.1 ±20.9 vs. 18.9±29.0; p = 0.081). Conclusion : It seems that, removal of the rigid cervical collar during ETI in patients with suspected traumatic spine injury could increase the intubation success rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ntubation" title="ntubation">ntubation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Intratracheal" title="Intratracheal">Intratracheal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Spinal%20Injuries" title="Spinal Injuries">Spinal Injuries</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Multiple%20trauma" title="Multiple trauma">Multiple trauma</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142888/success-rate-of-endotracheal-intubation-using-inline-stabilization-with-and-without-cervical-hard-collar-a-comparative-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142888.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">462</span> Determining Antecedents of Employee Turnover: A Study on Blue Collar vs White Collar Workers on Marco Level</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evy%20Rombaut">Evy Rombaut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marie-Anne%20Guerry"> Marie-Anne Guerry</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Predicting voluntary turnover of employees is an important topic of study, both in academia and industry. Researchers try to uncover determinants for a broader understanding and possible prevention of turnover. In the current study, we use a data set based approach to reveal determinants for turnover, differing for blue and white collar workers. Our data set based approach made it possible to study actual turnover for more than 500000 employees in 15692 Belgian corporations. We use logistic regression to calculate individual turnover probabilities and test the goodness of our model with the AUC (area under the ROC-curve) method. The results of the study confirm the relationship of known determinants to employee turnover such as age, seniority, pay and work distance. In addition, the study unravels unknown and verifies known differences between blue and white collar workers. It shows opposite relationships to turnover for gender, marital status, the number of children, nationality, and pay. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=employee%20turnover" title="employee turnover">employee turnover</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blue%20collar" title=" blue collar"> blue collar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=white%20collar" title=" white collar"> white collar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dataset%20analysis" title=" dataset analysis"> dataset analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70299/determining-antecedents-of-employee-turnover-a-study-on-blue-collar-vs-white-collar-workers-on-marco-level" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/70299.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">291</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">461</span> A Lightning Strike Mimic: The Abusive Use of Dog Shock Collar Presents as Encephalopathy, Respiratory Arrest, Cardiogenic Shock, Severe Hypernatremia, Rhabdomyolysis, and Multiorgan Injury</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Merrick%20Lopez">Merrick Lopez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aashish%20Abraham"> Aashish Abraham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Melissa%20Egge"> Melissa Egge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marissa%20Hood"> Marissa Hood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jui%20Shah"> Jui Shah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A 3 year old male with unknown medical history presented initially with encephalopathy, intubated for respiratory failure, and admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) with refractory shock. During resuscitation in the emergency department, he was found to be in severe metabolic acidosis with a pH of 7.03 and escalated on vasopressor drips for hypotension. His initial sodium was 174. He was noted to have burn injuries to his scalp, forehead, right axilla, bilateral arm creases and lower legs. He had rhabdomyolysis (initial creatinine kinase 5,430 U/L with peak levels of 62,340 normal <335 U/L), cardiac injury (initial troponin 88 ng/L with peak at 145 ng/L, normal <15ng/L), hypernatremia (peak 174, normal 140), hypocalcemia, liver injury, acute kidney injury, and neuronal loss on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Soft restraints and a shock collar were found in the home. He was critically ill for 8 days, but was gradually weaned off drips, extubated, and started on feeds. Discussion Electrical injury, specifically lightning injury is an uncommon but devastating cause of injury in pediatric patients. This patient with suspected abusive use of a dog shock collar presented similar to a lightning strike. Common entrance points include the hands and head, similar to our patient with linear wounds on his forehead. When current enters, it passes through tissues with the least resistance. Nerves, blood vessels, and muscles, have high fluid and electrolyte content and are commonly affected. Exit points are extremities: our child who had circumferential burns around his arm creases and ankles. Linear burns preferentially follow areas of high sweat concentration, and are thought to be due to vaporization of water on the skin’s surface. The most common cause of death from a lightning strike is due to cardiopulmonary arrest. The massive depolarization of the myocardium can result in arrhythmias and myocardial necrosis. The patient presented in cardiogenic shock with evident cardiac damage. Electricity going through vessels can lead to vaporization of intravascular water. This can explain his severe hypernatremia. He also sustained other internal organ injuries (adrenal glands, pancreas, liver, and kidney). Electrical discharge also leads to direct skeletal muscle injury in addition to prolonged muscular spasm. Rhabdomyolysis, the acute damage of muscle, leads to release of potentially toxic components into the circulation which could lead to acute renal failure. The patient had severe rhabdomyolysis and renal injury. Early hypocalcemia has been consistently demonstrated in patients with rhabdomyolysis. This was present in the patient and led to increased vasopressor needs. Central nervous system injuries are also common which can include encephalopathy, hypoxic injury, and cerebral infarction. The patient had evidence of brain injury as seen on MRI. Conclusion Electrical injuries due to lightning strikes and abusive use of a dog shock collar are rare, but can both present in similar ways with respiratory failure, shock, hypernatremia, rhabdomyolysis, brain injury, and multiorgan damage. Although rare, it is essential for early identification and prompt management for acute and chronic complications in these children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiogenic%20shock" title="cardiogenic shock">cardiogenic shock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dog%20shock%20collar" title=" dog shock collar"> dog shock collar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lightning%20strike" title=" lightning strike"> lightning strike</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rhabdomyolysis" title=" rhabdomyolysis"> rhabdomyolysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154264/a-lightning-strike-mimic-the-abusive-use-of-dog-shock-collar-presents-as-encephalopathy-respiratory-arrest-cardiogenic-shock-severe-hypernatremia-rhabdomyolysis-and-multiorgan-injury" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">88</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">460</span> Influence of Pier Modification Techniques for Reducing Scour around Bridge Piers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rashid%20Farooq">Rashid Farooq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Razzaq%20Ghumman"> Abdul Razzaq Ghumman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hashim%20Nisar%20Hashmi"> Hashim Nisar Hashmi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bridge piers often fail all over the world and the whole structure may be endangered due to scouring phenomena. Scouring has been linked to catastrophic failures that lead into the loss of human lives. Various techniques have been employed to extenuate the scouring process in order to assist the bridge designs. Pier modifications plays vital role to control scouring at the vicinity of the pier. This experimental study aims at monitoring the effectiveness of pier modification and temporal development of scour depth around a bridge pier by providing a collar, a cable or openings under the same flow conditions. Provision of a collar around the octagonal pier reduced more scour depth than that for other two configurations. Providing a collar around the octagonal pier found to be the best in reducing scour. The scour depth in front of pier was found to be 19.5% less than that at the octagonal pier without any modifications. Similarly, the scour depth around the octagonal pier having provision of a cable was less than that at pier with provision of openings. The scour depth around an octagonal pier was also compared with a plain circular pier and found to be 9.1% less. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Scour" title="Scour">Scour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=octagonal%20pier" title=" octagonal pier"> octagonal pier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collar" title=" collar"> collar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cable" title=" cable"> cable</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56625/influence-of-pier-modification-techniques-for-reducing-scour-around-bridge-piers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56625.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">266</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">459</span> Characterization of High Phosphorus Gray Iron for the Stub- Anode Connection in the Aluminium Reduction Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20M.%20Ali">Mohamed M. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20Nofal"> Adel Nofal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amr%20Kandil"> Amr Kandil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahmoud%20Agour"> Mahmoud Agour </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> High phosphorus gray iron (HPGI) is used to connect the steel stub of an anode rod to a prebaked anode carbon block in the aluminium reduction cells. In this paper, a complete characterization for HPGI was done, includes studying the chemical composition of the HPGI collar, anodic voltage drop, collar temperature over 30 days anode life cycle, microstructure and mechanical properties. During anode life cycle, the carbon content in HPGI was lowed from 3.73 to 3.38%, and different changes in the anodic voltage drop at the stub- collar-anode connection were recorded. The collar temperature increases over the anode life cycle and reaches to 850°C in four weeks after anode changing. Significant changes in the HPGI microstructure were observed after 3 and 30 days from the anode changing. To simulate the actual operating conditions in the steel stub/collar/carbon anode connection, a bench-scale experimental set-up was designed and used for electrical resistance and resistivity respectively. The results showed the current HPGI properties needed to modify or producing new alloys with excellent electrical and mechanical properties. The steel stub and HPGI thermal expansion were measured and studied. Considerable permanent expansion was observed for the HPGI collar after the completion of the heating-cooling cycle. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20phosphorus%20gray%20iron%20%28HPGI%29" title="high phosphorus gray iron (HPGI)">high phosphorus gray iron (HPGI)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminium%20reduction%20cells" title=" aluminium reduction cells"> aluminium reduction cells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anodic%20voltage%20drop" title=" anodic voltage drop"> anodic voltage drop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20and%20electrical%20properties" title=" mechanical and electrical properties"> mechanical and electrical properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11906/characterization-of-high-phosphorus-gray-iron-for-the-stub-anode-connection-in-the-aluminium-reduction-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11906.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">457</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">458</span> The Research of Reliability of MEMS Device under Thermal Shock Test in Space Mission</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Liu%20Ziyu">Liu Ziyu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gao%20Yongfeng"> Gao Yongfeng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Muhua"> Li Muhua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhao%20Jiahao"> Zhao Jiahao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Meng%20Song"> Meng Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of thermal shock on the operation of micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) were examined. All MEMS device were tested before and after three different conditions of thermal shock (from -55℃ to 85℃, from -65℃ to 125℃, from -65℃ to 200℃). The micro lens showed no changes after thermal shock, which shows that the design of the micro lens can be well adapted to the application environment in the space. The design of the micro mirror can be well adapted to the space application environment. The micro-magnetometer, RF MEMS switch and the micro accelerometer exhibited degradation and parameter drift after thermal shock, potential mechanical was proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MEMS" title="MEMS">MEMS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20shock%20test" title=" thermal shock test"> thermal shock test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reliability" title=" reliability"> reliability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=space%20environment" title=" space environment"> space environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41898/the-research-of-reliability-of-mems-device-under-thermal-shock-test-in-space-mission" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41898.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">590</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">457</span> Shock Isolation Performance of a Pre-Compressed Large Deformation Shock Isolator with Quasi-Zero-Stiffness Characteristic</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ji%20Chen">Ji Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chunhui%20Zhang"> Chunhui Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fanming%20Zeng"> Fanming Zeng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Zhang"> Lei Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Li"> Ying Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Zhang"> Wei Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Based on the synthetic principle of force, a pre-compressed nonlinear isolator with quasi-zero-stiffness (QZS) is developed for shock isolation of ship equipment. The proposed isolator consists of a vertical spring with positive stiffness and several lateral springs with negative stiffness. An analytical expression of vertical stiffness of the nonlinear isolator is derived and numerical simulation on the effect of the geometric design parameters is carried out. Besides, a pre-compressed QZS shock isolation system model is established. The stiffness characteristic of the system is studied and the effects of excitation amplitude and friction damping on shock isolation performance are discussed respectively. The research results show that in comparison with linear shock isolation system, the pre-compressed QZS shock isolation system could realize constant-force or approximately constant-force function and perform better anti-impact performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quasi-zero-stiffness" title="quasi-zero-stiffness">quasi-zero-stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constant-force" title=" constant-force"> constant-force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre-compressed" title=" pre-compressed"> pre-compressed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=large%20deformation" title=" large deformation"> large deformation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20isolation" title=" shock isolation"> shock isolation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=friction%20damping" title=" friction damping"> friction damping</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39796/shock-isolation-performance-of-a-pre-compressed-large-deformation-shock-isolator-with-quasi-zero-stiffness-characteristic" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39796.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">697</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">456</span> Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Blast Pressure on Discrete Model in Shock Tube</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aldin%20Justin%20Sundararaj">Aldin Justin Sundararaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Austin%20Lord%20Tennyson"> Austin Lord Tennyson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Divya%20Jose"> Divya Jose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20N.%20Subash"> A. N. Subash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Blast waves are generated due to the explosions of high energy materials. An explosion yielding a blast wave has the potential to cause severe damage to buildings and its personnel. In order to understand the physics of effects of blast pressure on buildings, studies in the shock tube on generic configurations are carried out at various pressures on discrete models. The strength of shock wave is systematically varied by using different driver gases and diaphragm thickness. The basic material of the diaphragm is Aluminum. To simulate the effect of shock waves on discrete models a shock tube was used. Generic models selected for this study are suitably scaled cylinder, cone and cubical blocks. The experiments were carried out with 2mm diaphragm with burst pressure ranging from 28 to 31 bar. Numerical analysis was carried out over these discrete models. A 3D model of shock-tube with different discrete models inside the tube was used for CFD computation. It was found that cone has dissipated most of the shock pressure compared to cylinder and cubical block. The robustness and the accuracy of the numerical model were validation with the analytical and experimental data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20wave" title="shock wave">shock wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blast%20wave" title=" blast wave"> blast wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=discrete%20models" title=" discrete models"> discrete models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20tube" title=" shock tube"> shock tube</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58116/numerical-investigation-of-the-effect-of-blast-pressure-on-discrete-model-in-shock-tube" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58116.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">331</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">455</span> Influences of Separation of the Boundary Layer in the Reservoir Pressure in the Shock Tube</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bruno%20Coelho%20Lima">Bruno Coelho Lima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joao%20F.A.%20Martos"> Joao F.A. Martos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Paulo%20G.%20P.%20Toro"> Paulo G. P. Toro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Israel%20S.%20Rego"> Israel S. Rego</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The shock tube is a ground-facility widely used in aerospace and aeronautics science and technology for studies on gas dynamic and chemical-physical processes in gases at high-temperature, explosions and dynamic calibration of pressure sensors. A shock tube in its simplest form is comprised of two separate tubes of equal cross-section by a diaphragm. The diaphragm function is to separate the two reservoirs at different pressures. The reservoir containing high pressure is called the Driver, the low pressure reservoir is called Driven. When the diaphragm is broken by pressure difference, a normal shock wave and non-stationary (named Incident Shock Wave) will be formed in the same place of diaphragm and will get around toward the closed end of Driven. When this shock wave reaches the closer end of the Driven section will be completely reflected. Now, the shock wave will interact with the boundary layer that was created by the induced flow by incident shock wave passage. The interaction between boundary layer and shock wave force the separation of the boundary layer. The aim of this paper is to make an analysis of influences of separation of the boundary layer in the reservoir pressure in the shock tube. A comparison among CDF (Computational Fluids Dynamics), experiments test and analytical analysis were performed. For the analytical analysis, some routines in Python was created, in the numerical simulations (Computational Fluids Dynamics) was used the Ansys Fluent, and the experimental tests were used T1 shock tube located in IEAv (Institute of Advanced Studies). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20layer%20separation" title="boundary layer separation">boundary layer separation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moving%20shock%20wave" title=" moving shock wave"> moving shock wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20tube" title=" shock tube"> shock tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20simulation" title=" transient simulation"> transient simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59608/influences-of-separation-of-the-boundary-layer-in-the-reservoir-pressure-in-the-shock-tube" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59608.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">315</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">454</span> Shock Formation for Double Ramp Surface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Wajid%20Ali">Abdul Wajid Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Supersonic flight promises speed, but the design of the air inlet faces an obstacle: shock waves. They prevent air flow in the mixed compression ports, which reduces engine performance. Our research investigates this using supersonic wind tunnels and schlieren imaging to reveal the complex dance between shock waves and airflow. The findings show clear patterns of shock wave formation influenced by internal/external pressure surfaces. We looked at the boundary layer, the slow-moving air near the inlet walls, and its interaction with shock waves. In addition, the study emphasizes the dependence of the shock wave behaviour on the Mach number, which highlights the need for adaptive models. This knowledge is key to optimizing the combined compression inputs, paving the way for more powerful and efficient supersonic vehicles. Future engineers can use this knowledge to improve existing designs and explore innovative configurations for next-generation ultrasonic applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oblique%20shock%20formation" title="oblique shock formation">oblique shock formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary%20layer%20interaction" title=" boundary layer interaction"> boundary layer interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schlieren%20images" title=" schlieren images"> schlieren images</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20wedge%20surface" title=" double wedge surface"> double wedge surface</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184376/shock-formation-for-double-ramp-surface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184376.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">453</span> Exposing Investor Sentiment In Stock Returns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qiang%20Bu">Qiang Bu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper compares the explanatory power of sentiment level and sentiment shock. The preliminary test results show that sentiment shock plays a more significant role in explaining stocks returns, including the raw return and abnormal return. We also find that sentiment shock beta has a higher statistical significance than sentiment beta. These finding sheds new light on the relationship between investor sentiment and stock returns. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sentiment%20level" title="sentiment level">sentiment level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sentiment%20shock" title=" sentiment shock"> sentiment shock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=explanatory%20power" title=" explanatory power"> explanatory power</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=abnormal%20stock%20return" title=" abnormal stock return"> abnormal stock return</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beta" title=" beta"> beta</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146061/exposing-investor-sentiment-in-stock-returns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/146061.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">452</span> Evaluation of Shock Sensitivity of Nano-Scaled 1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazacyclohexane Using Small Scale Gap Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang-In%20Lee">Kang-In Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Woo-Jin%20Lee"> Woo-Jin Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keun-Deuk%20Lee"> Keun-Deuk Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ju-Seung%20Chae"> Ju-Seung Chae</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, small scale gap test (SSGT) was performed to measure shock sensitivity of nano-scaled 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane (RDX) samples. The shock sensitivity of energetic materials is usually evaluated by the method of large-scale gap test (LSGT) that has a higher reliability than other methods. But LSGT has the disadvantage that it takes a high cost and time by using a large amount of explosive. In this experiment, nano-scaled RDX samples were prepared by spray crystallization in two different drying methods. In addition, 30μm RDX sample produced by precipitation crystallization and 5μm RDX sample produced by fluid energy mill process were tested to compare shock sensitivity. The study of shock sensitivity measured by small-scale gap test shows that small sized RDX particles have greater insensitivity. As a result, we infer SSGT method has higher reliability compared to the literature as measurement of shock sensitivity of energetic materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nano-scaled%20RDX" title="nano-scaled RDX">nano-scaled RDX</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SSGT%28small%20scale%20gap%20test%29" title=" SSGT(small scale gap test)"> SSGT(small scale gap test)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20sensitivity" title=" shock sensitivity"> shock sensitivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RDX" title=" RDX"> RDX</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73492/evaluation-of-shock-sensitivity-of-nano-scaled-135-trinitro-135-triazacyclohexane-using-small-scale-gap-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73492.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">451</span> Dust Ion Acoustic Shock Waves in Dissipative Superthermal Plasmas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Reza%20Pakzad">Hamid Reza Pakzad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, the properties of dust-ion-acoustic (DIA) shock waves in an unmagnetized dusty plasma, whose constituents are inertial ions, superthermal electrons, and stationary dust particles, are investigated by employing the reductive perturbation method. The dissipation is taken into account the kinematic viscosity among the plasma constituents. It is shown that the basic features of DIA shock waves are significantly modified by the effects of electron superthermality and ion kinematic viscosity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reductive%20perturbation%20method" title="reductive perturbation method">reductive perturbation method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dust%20ion%20acoustic%20shock%20wave" title=" dust ion acoustic shock wave"> dust ion acoustic shock wave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superthermal%20electron" title=" superthermal electron"> superthermal electron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissipative%20plasmas" title=" dissipative plasmas"> dissipative plasmas</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51026/dust-ion-acoustic-shock-waves-in-dissipative-superthermal-plasmas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51026.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">450</span> The Effect of Degraded Shock Absorbers on the Safety-Critical Stationary and Non-Stationary Lateral Dynamics of Passenger Cars</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tobias%20Schramm">Tobias Schramm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G%C3%BCnther%20Prokop"> Günther Prokop</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The average age of passenger cars is rising steadily around the world. Older vehicles are more sensitive to the degradation of chassis components. A higher age and a higher mileage of passenger cars correlate with an increased failure rate of vehicle shock absorbers. The most common degradation mechanism of vehicle shock absorbers is the loss of oil and gas. It is not yet fully understood how the loss of oil and gas in twin-tube shock absorbers affects the lateral dynamics of passenger cars. The aim of this work is to estimate the effect of degraded twin-tube shock absorbers of passenger cars on their safety-critical lateral dynamics. A characteristic curve-based five-mass full vehicle model and a semi-physical phenomenological shock absorber model were set up, parameterized and validated. The shock absorber model is able to reproduce the damping characteristics of vehicle twin-tube shock absorbers with oil and gas loss for various excitations. The full vehicle model was used to simulate stationary cornering and steering wheel angle step maneuvers on road classes A to D. The simulations were carried out in a realistic parameter space in order to demonstrate the influence of various vehicle characteristics on the effect of degraded shock absorbers. As a result, it was shown that degraded shock absorbers have a negative effect on the understeer gradient of vehicles. For stationary lateral dynamics, degraded shock absorbers for high road excitations reduce the maximum lateral accelerations. Degraded rear axle shock absorbers can change the understeer gradient of a vehicle in the direction of oversteer. Degraded shock absorbers also lead to increased rolling angles. Furthermore, degraded shock absorbers have a major impact on driving stability during steering wheel angle steps. Degraded rear axle shock absorbers, in particular, can lead to unstable handling. Especially the tire stiffness, the unsprung mass and the stabilizer stiffness influence the effect of degraded shock absorbers on the lateral dynamics of passenger cars. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=driving%20dynamics" title="driving dynamics">driving dynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation" title=" numerical simulation"> numerical simulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=road%20safety" title=" road safety"> road safety</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20absorber%20degradation" title=" shock absorber degradation"> shock absorber degradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stationary%20and%20nonstationary%20lateral%20dynamics." title=" stationary and nonstationary lateral dynamics."> stationary and nonstationary lateral dynamics.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194638/the-effect-of-degraded-shock-absorbers-on-the-safety-critical-stationary-and-non-stationary-lateral-dynamics-of-passenger-cars" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194638.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">14</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">449</span> Protein and Lipid Extraction from Microalgae with Ultrasound Assisted Osmotic Shock Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nais%20Pinta%20Adetya">Nais Pinta Adetya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Hadiyanto"> H. Hadiyanto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microalgae has a potential to be utilized as food and natural colorant. The microalgae components consists of three main parts, these are lipid, protein, and carbohydrate. Crucial step in producing lipid and protein from microalgae is extraction. Microalgae has high water level (70-90%), it causes drying process of biomass needs much more energy and also has potential to distract lipid and protein from microalgae. Extraction of lipid from wet biomass is able to take place efficiently with cell disruption of microalgae by osmotic shock method. In this study, osmotic shock method was going to be integrated with ultrasound to maximalize the extraction yield of lipid and protein from wet biomass Spirulina sp. with osmotic shock method assisted ultrasound. This study consisted of two steps, these were osmotic shock process toward wet biomass and ultrasound extraction assisted. NaCl solution was used as osmotic agent, with the variation of concentrations were 10%, 20%, and 30%. Extraction was conducted in 40°C for 20 minutes with frequency of ultrasound wave was 40kHz. The optimal yield of protein (2.7%) and (lipid 38%) were achieved at 20% osmotic agent concentration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extraction" title="extraction">extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid" title=" lipid"> lipid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=osmotic%20shock" title=" osmotic shock"> osmotic shock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=protein" title=" protein"> protein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasound" title=" ultrasound"> ultrasound</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76886/protein-and-lipid-extraction-from-microalgae-with-ultrasound-assisted-osmotic-shock-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/76886.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">359</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">448</span> Influence of Shock Absorber Condition on the Vertical Dynamic Load Applied on the Pavement by a Truck’s Front Suspension</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pablo%20Kubo">Pablo Kubo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cassio%20Paiva"> Cassio Paiva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adelino%20Ferreira"> Adelino Ferreira</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The main objective of this research study is to present the results of the influence of shock absorber condition, from a truck front suspension, on the vertical dynamic load applied on the pavement. For the measurements, it has been used a durability test track located in Brazil. The shock absorber conditions were new, used and failed with a constant load of 6 tons on the front suspension, the maximum allowed load for front axle according to Brazilian legislation. By applying relative damage concept, it is possible to conclude that the variation on the shock absorber conditions will significantly affect the load applied on the pavement. Although, it is recommended to repeat the same methodology in order to analyze the influence on the variation of the quarter car model variants. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage" title="damage">damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20absorber" title=" shock absorber"> shock absorber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vertical%20dynamic%20load" title=" vertical dynamic load"> vertical dynamic load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=absorber" title=" absorber "> absorber </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12320/influence-of-shock-absorber-condition-on-the-vertical-dynamic-load-applied-on-the-pavement-by-a-trucks-front-suspension" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12320.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">483</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">447</span> Investigation of Ignition Delay for Low Molecular Hydrocarbon Fuel and Oxygen Mixture behind the Reflected Shock</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20R.%20Guna">K. R. Guna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aldin%20Justin%20Sundararaj"> Aldin Justin Sundararaj</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20C.%20Pillai"> B. C. Pillai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20N.%20Subash"> A. N. Subash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A systematic study has been made for ignition delay times measurement behind a reflected shock wave for the low molecular weight hydrocarbon fuel in argon simulated gas mixtures. The low molecular hydrocarbon fuel–oxygen was diluted with argon for desired concentration is taken for the study. The suitability of the shock tube for measuring the ignition delay time is demonstrated by measuring the ignition delay for the liquefied petroleum gas for equivalence ratios (ф=0.5 & 1) in the temperature range 1150-1650 K. The pressure range was fixed from 5-15 bar. The ignition delay was measured by recording the ignition-induced pressure jump and emission from CH radical simultaneously. From conducting experiments, it was found that the ignition delay time for liquefied petroleum gas reduces with increase in temperature. The shock tube was calibrated for ethane-oxygen gas mixture and the results obtained from this study is compared with the earlier reported values and found to be comparably well suited for the measurement of ignition delay times. The above work was carried out using the shock tube facility at propulsion and high enthalpy laboratory, Karunya University. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ignition%20delay" title="ignition delay">ignition delay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LPG" title=" LPG"> LPG</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reflected%20shock" title=" reflected shock"> reflected shock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20wave" title=" shock wave"> shock wave</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58522/investigation-of-ignition-delay-for-low-molecular-hydrocarbon-fuel-and-oxygen-mixture-behind-the-reflected-shock" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58522.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">252</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">446</span> A Study on Shock Formation over a Transonic Aerofoil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Fowsia">M. Fowsia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dominic%20Xavier%20Fernando"> Dominic Xavier Fernando</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vinojitha"> Vinojitha</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rahamath%20Juliyana"> Rahamath Juliyana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aerofoil is a primary element to be designed during the initial phase of creating any new aircraft. It is the component that forms the cross-section of the wing. The wing is used to produce lift force that balances the weight which is acting downwards. The lift force is created due to pressure difference over the top and bottom surface which is caused due to velocity variation. At sub-sonic velocities, for a real fluid, we obtain a smooth flow of air over both the surfaces. In this era of high speed travel, commercial aircraft that can travel faster than speed of sound barrier is required. However transonic velocities cause the formation of shock waves which can cause flow separation over the top and bottom surfaces. In the transonic range, shock waves move across the top and bottom surfaces of the aerofoil, until both the shock waves merge into a single shock wave that is formed near the leading edge of theaerofoil. In this paper, a transonic aerofoil is designed and its aerodynamic properties at different velocities in the Transonic range (M = 0.8; 0.9; 1; 1.1; 1.2) are studied with the help of CFD. The Pressure and Velocity distributions over the top and bottom surfaces of aerofoil are studied and the variations of shock patterns, at different velocities, are analyzed. The analysis can be used to determine the effect of drag divergence on the lift created by the aerofoil. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transonic%20aerofoil" title="transonic aerofoil">transonic aerofoil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cfd" title=" cfd"> cfd</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drag%20divergence" title=" drag divergence"> drag divergence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20formation" title=" shock formation"> shock formation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=viscous%20flow" title=" viscous flow"> viscous flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16576/a-study-on-shock-formation-over-a-transonic-aerofoil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16576.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">530</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">445</span> Muscle and Cerebral Regional Oxygenation in Preterm Infants with Shock Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Virany%20Diana">Virany Diana</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martono%20Tri%20Utomo"> Martono Tri Utomo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Risa%20Etika"> Risa Etika</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Shock is one severe condition that can be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Preterm infants are very susceptible to shock caused by many complications such as asphyxia, patent ductus arteriosus, intra ventricle haemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis, persistent pulmonal hypertension of the newborn, and septicaemia. Limited hemodynamic monitoring for early detection of shock causes delayed intervention and comprises the outcomes. Clinical parameters still used in neonatal shock detection, such as Capillary Refill Time, heart rate, cold extremity, and urine production. Blood pressure is most frequently used to evaluate preterm's circulation, but hypotension indicates uncompensated shock. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is known as a noninvasive tool for monitoring and detecting the state of inadequate tissue perfusion. Muscle oxygen saturation shows decreased cardiac output earlier than systemic parameters of tissue oxygenation when cerebral regional oxygen saturation is still stabilized by autoregulation. However, to our best knowledge, until now, no study has analyzed the decrease of muscle oxygen regional saturation (mRSO₂) and the ratio of muscle and cerebral oxygen regional saturation (mRSO₂/cRSO₂) by NIRS in preterm with shock. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the decrease of mRSO₂ and ratio of muscle to cerebral oxygen regional saturation (mRSO₂/cRSO₂) by NIRS in preterm with shock. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on preterm infants with 28-34 weeks gestational age, admitted to the NICU of Dr. Soetomo Hospital from November to January 2022. Patients were classified into two groups: shock and non-shock. The diagnosis of shock is based on clinical criteria (tachycardia, prolonged CRT, cold extremity, decreased urine production, and MAP Blood Pressure less than GA in weeks). Measurement of mRSO₂ and cRSO₂ by NIRS was performed by the doctor in charge when the patient came to NICU. Results: We enrolled 40 preterm infants. The initial conventional hemodynamic parameter as the basic diagnosis of shock showed significant differences in all variables. Preterm with shock had higher mean HR (186.45±1.5), lower MAP (29.8±2.1), and lower SBP (45.1±4.28) than non-shock children, and most had a prolonged CRT. The patients’ outcome was not a significant difference between shock and non-shock patients. The mean mRSO₂ in the shock and non-shock groups were 33,65 ± 11,32 vs. 69,15 ± 3,96 (p=0.001), and the mean ratio mRSO₂/cRSO₂ 0,45 ± 0,12 vs. 0,84 ± 0,43 (p=0,001), were significantly different. The mean cRSO₂ in the shock and non-shock groups were 71,60 ± 4,90 vs. 81,85 ± 7,85 (p 0.082), not significantly different. Conclusion: The decrease of mRSO₂ and ratio of mRSO₂/cRSO₂ can differentiate between shock and non-shock in the preterm infant when cRSO₂ is still normal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preterm%20infant" title="preterm infant">preterm infant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20muscle%20oxygen%20saturation" title=" regional muscle oxygen saturation"> regional muscle oxygen saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=regional%20cerebral%20oxygen%20saturation" title=" regional cerebral oxygen saturation"> regional cerebral oxygen saturation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NIRS" title=" NIRS"> NIRS</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock" title=" shock"> shock</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162277/muscle-and-cerebral-regional-oxygenation-in-preterm-infants-with-shock-using-near-infrared-spectroscopy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162277.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">444</span> Shock Response Analysis of Soil-Structure Systems Induced by Near-Fault Pulses</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Masaeli">H. Masaeli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ziaei"> R. Ziaei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Khoshnoudian"> F. Khoshnoudian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shock response analysis of the soil–structure systems induced by near–fault pulses is investigated. Vibration transmissibility of the soil–structure systems is evaluated by Shock Response Spectra (SRS). Medium–to–high rise buildings with different aspect ratios located on different soil types as well as different foundations with respect to vertical load bearing safety factors are studied. Two types of mathematical near–fault pulses, i.e. forward directivity and fling step, with different pulse periods as well as pulse amplitudes are selected as incident ground shock. Linear versus nonlinear Soil–Structure Interaction (SSI) condition are considered alternatively and the corresponding results are compared. The results show that nonlinear SSI is likely to amplify the acceleration responses when subjected to long–period incident pulses with normalized period exceeding a threshold. It is also shown that this threshold correlates with soil type, so that increased shear–wave velocity of the underlying soil makes the threshold period decrease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20soil%E2%80%93structure%20interaction" title="nonlinear soil–structure interaction">nonlinear soil–structure interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20response%20spectrum" title=" shock response spectrum"> shock response spectrum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=near%E2%80%93fault%20ground%20shock" title=" near–fault ground shock"> near–fault ground shock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rocking%20isolation" title=" rocking isolation"> rocking isolation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6203/shock-response-analysis-of-soil-structure-systems-induced-by-near-fault-pulses" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6203.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">443</span> Effect of Assumptions of Normal Shock Location on the Design of Supersonic Ejectors for Refrigeration</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Payam%20Haghparast">Payam Haghparast</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mikhail%20V.%20Sorin"> Mikhail V. Sorin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hakim%20Nesreddine"> Hakim Nesreddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The complex oblique shock phenomenon can be simply assumed as a normal shock at the constant area section to simulate a sharp pressure increase and velocity decrease in 1-D thermodynamic models. The assumed normal shock location is one of the greatest sources of error in ejector thermodynamic models. Most researchers consider an arbitrary location without justifying it. Our study compares the effect of normal shock place on ejector dimensions in 1-D models. To this aim, two different ejector experimental test benches, a constant area-mixing ejector (CAM) and a constant pressure-mixing (CPM) are considered, with different known geometries, operating conditions and working fluids (R245fa, R141b). In the first step, in order to evaluate the real value of the efficiencies in the different ejector parts and critical back pressure, a CFD model was built and validated by experimental data for two types of ejectors. These reference data are then used as input to the 1D model to calculate the lengths and the diameters of the ejectors. Afterwards, the design output geometry calculated by the 1D model is compared directly with the corresponding experimental geometry. It was found that there is a good agreement between the ejector dimensions obtained by the 1D model, for both CAM and CPM, with experimental ejector data. Furthermore, it is shown that normal shock place affects only the constant area length as it is proven that the inlet normal shock assumption results in more accurate length. Taking into account previous 1D models, the results suggest the use of the assumed normal shock location at the inlet of the constant area duct to design the supersonic ejectors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1D%20model" title="1D model">1D model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constant%20area-mixing" title=" constant area-mixing"> constant area-mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constant%20pressure-mixing" title=" constant pressure-mixing"> constant pressure-mixing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normal%20shock%20location" title=" normal shock location"> normal shock location</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ejector%20dimensions" title=" ejector dimensions"> ejector dimensions</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79934/effect-of-assumptions-of-normal-shock-location-on-the-design-of-supersonic-ejectors-for-refrigeration" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79934.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">194</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">442</span> Microjetting from a Grooved Metal Surface under Decaying Shocks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jian-Li%20Shao">Jian-Li Shao</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulations, we simulated the microjet from the metal surface under decaying shock loading. The microjetting processes under release melting conditions are presented in detail, and some properties on the microjet mass and velocity are revealed. The phased increase of microjet mass with shock pressure is found. For all cases, the ratio of the maximal jetting velocity to the surface velocity approximately keeps a constant for liquid state. In addition, the temperature of the microjet can be always above the melting point. When introducing slow decaying profiles, the microjet mass begins to increase with the decay rate, which is dominated by the deformation of the bubble during pull-back. When the decay rate becomes fast enough, the microspall occurs as expected, meanwhile, the microjet appears to reduce because of the shock energy reduction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microjetting" title="microjetting">microjetting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock" title=" shock"> shock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal" title=" metal"> metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=molecular%20dynamics" title=" molecular dynamics"> molecular dynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93716/microjetting-from-a-grooved-metal-surface-under-decaying-shocks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/93716.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">208</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">441</span> Blue-Collar Workers’ Accidents and Close Call Situations Connected to the Use of Cell Phones among Finns Aged 18–65</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Korpinen">L. Korpinen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20P%C3%A4%C3%A4kk%C3%B6nen"> R. Pääkkönen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Gobba"> F. Gobba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> There has been discussion if the use of mobile phones causes accidents. We studied workers’ accidents and near accidents related to the use of phones. This study is part of a large cross-sectional study that was carried out on 15,000 working-age Finns. We noticed that there were 4–5 times more close call situations than accidents connected to mobile phones and also work related accidents were fewer than leisure related. There are confusing parameters like the use of mobile phones at work, differences in work content between women and men. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blue-collar%20workers" title="blue-collar workers">blue-collar workers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accident" title=" accident"> accident</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20phone" title=" cell phone"> cell phone</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=close%20call%20situation" title=" close call situation"> close call situation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46166/blue-collar-workers-accidents-and-close-call-situations-connected-to-the-use-of-cell-phones-among-finns-aged-18-65" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46166.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">250</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">440</span> Reconnecting The Peripheral Wagons to the Euro Area Core Locomotive</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Igor%20Velickovski">Igor Velickovski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksandar%20Stojkov"> Aleksandar Stojkov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivana%20Rajkovic"> Ivana Rajkovic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper investigates drivers of shock synchronization using quarterly data for 27 European countries over the period 1999-2013 and taking into account the difference between core (‘the euro area core locomotive’) and peripheral euro area and transition countries (‘the peripheral wagons’). Results from panel error-correction models suggest that core of the euro area has not been strong magnetizer of the shock convergence of periphery and transition countries since the euro inception as a result of the offsetting effects of the various factors that affected the shock convergence process. These findings challenge the endogeneity hypothesis in the optimum currency area framework and rather support the specialisation paradigm which is concerning evidence for the future stability of the euro area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20panel%20models" title="dynamic panel models">dynamic panel models</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20synchronisation" title=" shock synchronisation"> shock synchronisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trade" title=" trade"> trade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimum%20currency%20area" title=" optimum currency area"> optimum currency area</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35361/reconnecting-the-peripheral-wagons-to-the-euro-area-core-locomotive" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35361.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">358</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">439</span> Mathematical Analysis of Variation in Inlet Shock Wave Angle on Specific Impulse of Scramjet Engine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shrikant%20Ghadage">Shrikant Ghadage</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Study of shock waves generated in the Scramjet engine is typically restricted to pressure, temperature, density, entropy and Mach number variation across the shock wave. The present work discusses the impact of inlet shock wave angles on the specific impulse of the Scramjet engine. A mathematical analysis has done for the isentropic hypersonic flow of air flowing through a Scramjet with hydrogen fuel at an altitude of 30 km. Analysis has been done in order to get optimum shock wave angle to achieve maximum impulse. Since external drag has excluded from the analysis, the losses due to friction are not considered for the present analysis. When Mach number of the airflow at the entry of the nozzle reaches unity, then that flow is choked. This condition puts limitations on increasing the inlet shock wave angle. As inlet shock wave angle increases, speed of the flow entering into the nozzle decreases, which results in an increase in the specific impulse of the engine. When the speed of the flow at the entry of the nozzle reduces below sonic speed, then there is no further increase in the specific impulse of the engine. Here the Conclusion is the thrust and specific impulse of a scramjet engine, which increases gradually with an increase in inlet shock wave angle up to the condition when airflow speed reaches sonic velocity at the exit of the combustor. In addition to that, variation in drag force at the inlet of the scramjet and variation in hypersonic flow conditions at every stage of the scramjet also studied in order to understand variation on flow characteristics with respect to flow deflection angle. Essentially, it helps in designing inlet profile for the Scramjet engine to achieve optimum specific impulse. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypersonic%20flow" title="hypersonic flow">hypersonic flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scramjet" title=" scramjet"> scramjet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20waves" title=" shock waves"> shock waves</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=specific%20impulse" title=" specific impulse"> specific impulse</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20analysis" title=" mathematical analysis"> mathematical analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104058/mathematical-analysis-of-variation-in-inlet-shock-wave-angle-on-specific-impulse-of-scramjet-engine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104058.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">169</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">438</span> Shock and Particle Velocity Determination from Microwave Interrogation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benoit%20Rougier">Benoit Rougier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexandre%20Lefrancois"> Alexandre Lefrancois</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Herve%20Aubert"> Herve Aubert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Microwave interrogation in the range 10-100 GHz is identified as an advanced technique to investigate simultaneously shock and particle velocity measurements. However, it requires the understanding of electromagnetic wave propagation in a multi-layered moving media. The existing models limit their approach to wave guides or evaluate the velocities with a fitting method, restricting therefore the domain of validity and the precision of the results. Moreover, few data of permittivity on high explosives at these frequencies under dynamic compression have been reported. In this paper, shock and particle velocities are computed concurrently for steady and unsteady shocks for various inert and reactive materials, via a propagation model based on Doppler shifts and signal amplitude. Refractive index of the material under compression is also calculated. From experimental data processing, it is demonstrated that Hugoniot curve can be evaluated. The comparison with published results proves the accuracy of the proposed method. This microwave interrogation technique seems promising for shock and detonation waves studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electromagnetic%20propagation" title="electromagnetic propagation">electromagnetic propagation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=experimental%20setup" title=" experimental setup"> experimental setup</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hugoniot%20measurement" title=" Hugoniot measurement"> Hugoniot measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shock%20propagation" title=" shock propagation"> shock propagation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72540/shock-and-particle-velocity-determination-from-microwave-interrogation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72540.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">213</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">437</span> A Review of Challenges of Electroconvulsive Therapy in Depressed People</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prosper%20Kudzanai%20Mushauri">Prosper Kudzanai Mushauri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Shock therapy has been used in persons living with depression and deeply depressed persons. It has been used in children also. Shock therapy has been also among its pros believed to improve the quality of life and an effective treatment of depression. The review of the literature on ECT papers have highlighted that benefits to users of ECT are elusive, and iatrogenic harm often occurs showing that the approach will always fall far in comporting to psychological ethics. On the contrary, ECT is known as shock therapy which is the administration of electric shock within the brain; it has been challenged on ethical grounds if it’s proper ethically. From this ethical aperture, it has emerged that relapse rates are approximately higher than 50%, it results in diencephalon disturbances and has also side effects related to cognitive function among other negative effects. It is from these reviewed studies that that ECT should not be viewed as an effective treatment of depression as it does not comport to the mores of psychological ethics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anterograde%20amnesia" title="anterograde amnesia">anterograde amnesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=depression" title=" depression"> depression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electroconvulsive%20therapy" title=" electroconvulsive therapy"> electroconvulsive therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethics" title=" ethics"> ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=retrograde%20amnesia" title=" retrograde amnesia"> retrograde amnesia</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95939/a-review-of-challenges-of-electroconvulsive-therapy-in-depressed-people" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">436</span> Effects of Using Clinical Practice Guidelines for Caring for Patients with Severe Sepsis or Septic Shock on Clinical Outcomes Based on the Sepsis Bundle Protocol at the ICU of Songkhla Hospital Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pornthip%20%20Seangsanga">Pornthip Seangsanga</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sepsis or septic shock needs urgent care because it is a cause of the high mortality rate if patients do not receive timely treatment. Songkhla Hospital does not have a clear system or clinical practice guidelines for treatment of patients with severe sepsis or septic shock, which contributes to the said problem.To compare clinical outcomes based on the protocol after using the clinical guidelines between the Emergency Room, Intensive Care Unit, and the Ward. This quasi-experimental study was conducted on the population and 50 subjects who were diagnosed with severe sepsis or septic shock from December 2013 to May 2014. The data were collected using a nursing care and referring record form for patients with severe sepsis or septic shock at Songkhla Hospital. The record form had been tested for its validity by three experts, and the IOC was 1.The mortality rate in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock who were moved from the ER to the ICU was significantly lower than that of those patients moved from the Ward to the ICU within 48 hours. This was because patients with severe sepsis or septic shock who were moved from the ER to the ICU received more fluid within the first six hours according to the protocol which helped patients to have adequate tissue perfusion within the first six hours, and that helped improve blood flow to the kidneys, and the patients’ urine was found to be with a higher quantity of 0.5 cc/kg/hr, than those patients who were moved from the Ward to the ICU. This study shows that patients with severe sepsis or septic shock need to be treated immediately. Using the clinical practice guidelines along with timely diagnosis and treatment based on the sepsis bundle in giving sufficient and suitable amount of fluid to help improve blood circulation and blood pressure can clearly prevent or reduce severity of complications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clinical%20practice%20guidelines" title="clinical practice guidelines">clinical practice guidelines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=caring" title=" caring"> caring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=septic%20shock" title=" septic shock"> septic shock</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sepsis%20bundle%20protocol" title=" sepsis bundle protocol "> sepsis bundle protocol </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23515/effects-of-using-clinical-practice-guidelines-for-caring-for-patients-with-severe-sepsis-or-septic-shock-on-clinical-outcomes-based-on-the-sepsis-bundle-protocol-at-the-icu-of-songkhla-hospital-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23515.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">296</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">435</span> Laser Shock Peening of Additively Manufactured Nickel-Based Superalloys</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Munther">Michael Munther</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keivan%20Davami"> Keivan Davami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One significant roadblock for additively manufactured (AM) parts is the buildup of residual tensile stresses during the fabrication process. These residual stresses are formed due to the intense localized thermal gradients and high cooling rates that cause non-uniform material expansion/contraction and mismatched strain profiles during powder-bed fusion techniques, such as direct metal laser sintering (DMLS). The residual stresses adversely affect the fatigue life of the AM parts. Moreover, if the residual stresses become higher than the material’s yield strength, they will lead to acute geometric distortion. These are limiting the applications and acceptance of AM components for safety-critical applications. Herein, we discuss laser shock peening method as an advanced technique for the manipulation of the residual stresses in AM parts. An X-ray diffraction technique is used for the measurements of the residual stresses before and after the laser shock peening process. Also, the hardness of the structures is measured using a nanoindentation technique. Maps of nanohardness and modulus are obtained from the nanoindentation, and a correlation is made between the residual stresses and the mechanical properties. The results indicate that laser shock peening is able to induce compressive residual stresses in the structure that mitigate the tensile residual stresses and increase the hardness of AM IN718, a superalloy, almost 20%. No significant changes were observed in the modulus after laser shock peening. The results strongly suggest that laser shock peening can be used as an advanced post-processing technique to optimize the service lives of critical components for various applications. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=additive%20manufacturing" title="additive manufacturing">additive manufacturing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inconel%20718" title=" Inconel 718"> Inconel 718</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20shock%20peening" title=" laser shock peening"> laser shock peening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20stresses" title=" residual stresses"> residual stresses</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111318/laser-shock-peening-of-additively-manufactured-nickel-based-superalloys" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/111318.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dog%20shock%20collar&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dog%20shock%20collar&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dog%20shock%20collar&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dog%20shock%20collar&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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