CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'managed',cRay: '91c695a22b3255fc',cH: 'pRiZCgUTQsBJjohT8OOk.iOeKM2nWQFjLYgYG0YI2NE-1741313720-1.2.1.1-VuDf2YdsX00ZFW2HNosZjdDR3Gw_7JImGtXrXkugvoT8ZDaFk_UvidgUjaDnR1kU',cUPMDTk: "\/9999804\/mla?__cf_chl_tk=pOqoCcc9NGPK.aKq2EC5fwbr3EEQ3bg2f46i_RqD_PU-1741313720-1.0.1.1-MPiYqx.uFpQGCTcRV21C9C1bJI1RAlFnwX.s7.vD8Fo",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1741313720',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/9999804\/mla?__cf_chl_f_tk=pOqoCcc9NGPK.aKq2EC5fwbr3EEQ3bg2f46i_RqD_PU-1741313720-1.0.1.1-MPiYqx.uFpQGCTcRV21C9C1bJI1RAlFnwX.s7.vD8Fo",md: "Rh_0vVQjjB7IH9WspIhFcB9fcmeXhXuqFbye4W3x1vs-1741313720-1.2.1.1-Ym6CyCp8AmCyQDnKTXRBpk0ohpstnzzG6087hRH8I3ATqRUGdSFxmQmSk4Ug47mplcdM9LeRriav.fNAgOcRO52VWevznORUaPudamL0YLZu6GLMDrRqZqFMK.Ba5KiIIfpRz_QjO7oXfNPm9XGEvzHymPA4kNe9k2ozQRs_OnjoDq31of9QGJJ_E.P9VQc9WqIJnPMICZijuShQu827oN3z42fgX.8jOq8Lln.s_lcxkA.Qe_XBhJcCbHjnIUZim5zYuN4IHCIlzPJczLiIPICZrcICaLF4ptZIH372D3QU3WmMTaY2.QqtolKDHtC5o8j0I6l6AjQZYMTNXLWQRKxIODjr717DLl9W3rIdB1VQ6nYT.y0oHfbn4DI5a2kZ3GrkEVg9qQGyfYn17D999C5.BbztyzdNH2q3hclFmhFnoSKPCO9RByTaWGjETj4yAqXhkCd0XgYrQ83zfOaMERciit3nuhUL9bG8iY9yUv1xAUQ9x1oPUVYUNxuxjw.39VrjTRPzqGX8JkVfuNSlccgaoh1eUvWx45LmT0MXrIheMEQxQO75reAYZ8.3hejifIpRmdJolBXypiVANxUonBIOBY5YvcU4ozagDwtnhQK9BDWpJU8Sf_NsgM.IpuzO452wAQqJgeiyuTgcfutPUaSdgkXSfkJEtiKRdb4Ym.sp4luq6rlkDeEykh3SbIVlhEIfnUTM20oJlSlfmUxsd49XwCWabxsT6aYQ5umssiYytFEAJQQWSbkU24iLVv8_fTDIGPay8g.bgzU_.XzQswl6x_VhRqzIfvnz9kj7Hw8teyqX3V3Kri_jMhVxy9H7C2q1Fhw5mmcBw.aW3ngmGQvfpDTYGmo6ZiGcZgukVWijxeoEwkpCm15Z3uLAUC2A0MCo6U46yduDvjb2KLO7ViaBFQ0vfhQf2MOp4SsSxmovwOzNdfmZRTvbRAL_Zc.zp.mwVs9YdaSgCnoxErM6ZX2zwsJ7jwpROM0_vG71QLRgGDbEED6enEzJTRFE.wIWugtyT9xoEsPOh4LJ_wi1bs39VfiM8IdU6qF_vcZonr4wgFiuRf1rxNAurNNCwUQofe2WmGAX8JttnoUKv5hWy1Pa54nt0JNMqwt_Y4Vc6gE2kKGXL1O1Nl1L5P6dfTrL0eK49aZrOvIGqUTUGE1_a8gw8uy_DJLFYzqv4Vf3c9lCk3xs7gB4sjb7Oy7r9bsGBT7DA4ZHFyS1dq48ItlIgg",mdrd: "G1BOVi1bpgJ4ad0XOq.Z4XHjHSZbCay_AqCm6I30EQA-1741313720-1.2.1.1-pOb9PzPqnzPrKQ.IEKZvYUlG4W5a3u4zeVQB0edu42aKUoonrYxa20q3CiF9muaB3Pam6PW1Sfg9MC.FWuwcObBJiKwhpl88MT4qrqU0.7gTyEEKT3WQYqqc0jeWm3vSQ2uEJOsVyJ9Wtn.NOb8YVgOXXqkGNkm83raYotmjwxge_qwLDbd4slwHLbDIFpRqmPhxYT5fyMS5EXV0Jd2zbVPgKtGd96T7b9IZBZafY8m_TLu2xvBodeIsZsX5SeE0ah3KHaN6sCGSDlEz6mkVdF2oeb8xyP2sn2dWx9D7dG.gdcUwzD3GcDrsIvgxad8Q6rcoUbnRaT5re78vedRmRAjpA9DlWCfbEkJbIFlMpGI_GsO8IlBqeV_PjEUolZ3f9uWiGrw6RgLNy2SlLGKp.VTsmc.OW3s5T97VKnstw.eK3_nCM2J5WJZoctpZJ3rHqT1j8VyVpSLxCJ72Hv6V9SFqjLGqJ4WQMRDEflFhcfINo3JQl4MjRMv8Pj5CUqPSpR.XKxAHmJp6xm7mDig7g58gVZanwrLhExveepnTqfchjCAa6WE_2c1OXTRWHXz9i4GbBd4oDXzEbHCKwIhmnVSoIF8pQe8fU1B8yg3Fp45rIoGdrHi4bEbyMTJ.f5qUP9GhoWPHysNRQLhVVTEsMRY17K.W3i8adGg.hAP6_9WJPenTfzY3m2ym51lTHImM2UKBHUealDMuwGVcCz7OuKMLl1bZYQF3gor6XYb91oCZFi1mvI7ndHmL91pIwJQX3yEp1L.kDQNj2RSIwD9FM_PlFRQ4lPh9p8rVZQmhKgMFjbdIMW0Zy74Rt4NAPtkgWaSdCwRcmIbwlI8oOI4rDR1lKdpSSQ.pV311Ca.8Cd91VTiqxeEubnYcu4IlgZV1fJIp7dJ_zk8WggkW15UuhwqbauSDZW.xiQMO_xFGuItCrmF4F9PfkX4VglrLm4.E4IrOohK4KRMXDFGla4pFrrndiiFfzr2cQe5_3yRChghFSNWWNDPnApj846LvVW9shSQNv1MYSrLSW607tr3G4thpZlIx85jd7BZI7RqpUe7V1ef2kRLjqSVtfqMA8v.fSbWghGEn45vmD0ytxhRFZ1WQc9WBkGARDtdPUQHEYDbthjuD13l7USffVe.LLu2ETQtW3IYxMsLdKFxW54ir0s84zFntvMM3jMNS7FcX5n9W4I5SQhG41jMesrbyYMmd758Uv9yDOoz_aQFPhsLEpACMb0N1NRHMGjIcUHx_FL5aL74.nJO.U0QkXSGqD7AccQldhzcWLkIJHi.xkiqsZmr0r_TosTf30dcJP6heWLy8xP_ORcogXuED4NBgiFDJ39AKAPrEULeH42vH9AWi96iDnxkj6CnvXTbV8KGYMFErVgzE6z01PvkQDJMJDs2braOOMZQNQfkVcCqMvaaD1cnTDSoaZO_Ak8PliJcXn0DXHPohNUFJKiLTd_GfoqgbRJPGJ94h6GGLB99dMbnejGKBupAeeGnAoMGGaq7ibcPzHR5bLgCa__FPI7aTUPybZuLqriid3e4EVmYEeNU1LGkOWGNNmvayXzmYzZicYc1IbuOKrDqkA4_EanJZ2MaqbyEN2sXX85Q6lhxx_39QyypddY.qUIk.gOmFbomzN_hX1rRku5xTOZ.B8boxkQjTAfFfEyCBMiGHuDSKQadTQ1Vw9Jf2yPk3doa78tWR83_l8UgMWFRviSgMglRWFzA3vpLmQQkBvAr0OmL12c.JoE_U2_tYohP4qJl.I0cWmcRwAEEdW_SeW80.wk2KAdjrrOMsVR4jl2EYewmKnwFDCb3dnjOh6IZ2Kv5KSvLcnfpoi5_iMl8WrSMPdDK9NcxFRzenFG5ox6lhf.i4yNxpGNYsSaXo0UXPEM3RTHKzRyxOwXmzw3TSjb4ITrkPvf7ty1.7JSzymmK6YLZDywJDxOyijD.XzcWCYtx9dzJ_KM.qu5ACRkFdMYnAuwSzvO67"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91c695a22b3255fc';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/9999804\/mla?__cf_chl_rt_tk=pOqoCcc9NGPK.aKq2EC5fwbr3EEQ3bg2f46i_RqD_PU-1741313720-1.0.1.1-MPiYqx.uFpQGCTcRV21C9C1bJI1RAlFnwX.s7.vD8Fo" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>