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</a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Government and politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Development_project" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development_project"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Development project</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development_project-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Universities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Universities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cadet_College_Pallandri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cadet_College_Pallandri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>Cadet College Pallandri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cadet_College_Pallandri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medical_colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medical_colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Medical colleges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medical_colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Private_medical_colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_medical_colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>Private medical colleges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_medical_colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Azad Kashmir</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 76 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-76" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">76 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%83%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="آزاد كشمير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آزاد كشمير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_K%C9%99%C5%9Fmir" title="Azad Kəşmir – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Azad Kəşmir" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="آزاد کشمیر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آزاد کشمیر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%B0" title="আজাদ কাশ্মীর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আজাদ কাশ্মীর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Azad Kashmir" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%9A%D3%99%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Азат Кәшмир – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Азат Кәшмир" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80" title="Азад Кашмір – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Азад Кашмір" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80" title="Азад Кашмір – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Азад Кашмір" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="आजाद काश्मीर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आजाद काश्मीर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Азад Кашмир – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Азад Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Azad Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Azad Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81z%C3%A1d_Ka%C5%A1m%C3%ADr" title="Ázád Kašmír – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ázád Kašmír" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asad_Kaschmir" title="Asad Kaschmir – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Asad Kaschmir" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%B6%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%AF%CF%81" title="Αζάντ Κασμίρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αζάντ Κασμίρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Cachemira" title="Azad Cachemira – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Azad Cachemira" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad-Ka%C5%9Dmiro" title="Azad-Kaŝmiro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Azad-Kaŝmiro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Kaxmir" title="Azad Kaxmir – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Azad Kaxmir" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="کشمیر آزاد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کشمیر آزاد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Cachemire" title="Azad Cachemire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Azad Cachemire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EC%9E%90%EB%93%9C_%EC%B9%B4%EC%8A%88%EB%AF%B8%EB%A5%B4" title="아자드 카슈미르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아자드 카슈미르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%A4_%D5%94%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%80" title="Ազադ Քաշմիր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ազադ Քաշմիր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="आज़ाद कश्मीर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आज़ाद कश्मीर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Ka%C5%A1mir" title="Azad Kašmir – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Azad Kašmir" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Azad Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Azad Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%96%D7%90%D7%93_%D7%A7%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8" title="אזאד קשמיר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אזאד קשמיר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4_%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B0" title="ಪಾಕ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಿತ ಕಾಶ್ಮೀರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಾಕ್ ಆಕ್ರಮಿತ ಕಾಶ್ಮೀರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%93-%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="აზად-ქაშმირი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აზად-ქაშმირი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D9%94%D8%B4%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%B1" title="آزاد کٔشیٖر – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="آزاد کٔشیٖر" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casmiria_Libera" title="Casmiria Libera – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Casmiria Libera" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azadka%C5%A1m%C4%ABra" title="Azadkašmīra – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Azadkašmīra" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laisvasis_Ka%C5%A1myras" title="Laisvasis Kašmyras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Laisvasis Kašmyras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="आजाद कश्मीर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="आजाद कश्मीर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BC" title="ആസാദ് കശ്മീർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആസാദ് കശ്മീർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="पाकव्याप्त काश्मीर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पाकव्याप्त काश्मीर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%93_%E1%83%A5%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="აზად ქაშმირი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="აზად ქაშმირი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="آزاد کشمیر – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آزاد کشمیر" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Azad Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Kasjmir" title="Azad Kasjmir – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Azad Kasjmir" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0" title="आजाद कश्मीर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="आजाद कश्मीर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B6%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB" title="アザド・カシミール – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アザド・カシミール" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Азад Кашмир – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Азад Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asad_Kaschmir" title="Asad Kaschmir – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Asad Kaschmir" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Azad Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asad_Jammu_og_Kashmir" title="Asad Jammu og Kashmir – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Asad Jammu og Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A6_%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%80%E0%AC%B0" title="ଆଜାଦ କାଶ୍ମୀର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆଜାଦ କାଶ୍ମୀର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0" title="ਅਜ਼ਾਦ ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਜ਼ਾਦ ਕਸ਼ਮੀਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="آزاد کشمیر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آزاد کشمیر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="ازاد کشمير – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ازاد کشمير" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_D%C5%BCammu_i_Kaszmir" title="Azad Dżammu i Kaszmir – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Azad Dżammu i Kaszmir" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caxemira_Livre" title="Caxemira Livre – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caxemira Livre" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Ke%C5%9Fmir" title="Azad Keşmir – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Azad Keşmir" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Азад-Кашмир – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Азад-Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="आजादकाश्मीरम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आजादकाश्मीरम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%BD_%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8" title="ᱟᱡᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱡᱟᱫᱽ ᱠᱟᱥᱢᱤᱨ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%DA%BA_%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="آزاد جموں و کشمیر – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="آزاد جموں و کشمیر" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Azad Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Azad Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%DA%AA%D8%B4%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="آزاد ڪشمير – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="آزاد ڪشمير" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Ka%C5%A1mir" title="Azad Kašmir – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Azad Kašmir" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="ئازاد کەشمیر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئازاد کەشمیر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Азад Кашмир – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Азад Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Azad Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Azad Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆசாத் காஷ்மீர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆசாத் காஷ்மீர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Азат Кашмир – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Азат Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D-%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4_%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B6%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%81" title="పాక్-ఆక్రమిత కాశ్మీరు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పాక్-ఆక్రమిత కాశ్మీరు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Озод-Кашмир – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Озод-Кашмир" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Ke%C5%9Fmir" title="Azad Keşmir – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Azad Keşmir" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80" title="Азад Кашмір – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Азад Кашмір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="آزاد کشمیر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آزاد کشمیر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Azad Kashmir" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%89%8E%E5%BE%B7%E5%85%8B%E4%BB%80%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94" title="阿扎德克什米尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿扎德克什米尔" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C5%9Fmiro_Azad" title="Keşmiro Azad – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Keşmiro Azad" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Azad_Kashmir&params=33_50_36_N_73_51_05_E_type:adm1st_region:PK_dim:1000000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°50′36″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°51′05″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.84333°N 73.85139°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.84333; 73.85139</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi" title="This article is semi-protected."><img alt="Page semi-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region administered by Pakistan</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Pakistani administrative territory. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Kashmir (disambiguation)">Kashmir (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region administered by Pakistan as a self-administrative territory</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Azad Jammu and Kashmir</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="en">Āzād Jammū̃ o Kaśmīr</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">Region administered by <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">self-administrative territory</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="background-color:Color of spacing between the images (default:black);border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid Color of border surrounding the montage (default:black);width:250px;display:table;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:1px 0 0 1px"><div style="display:table;background-color:Color of spacing between the images (default:black);border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Neeulm_Valley_AJK_(Arang_Kel).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Neeulm_Valley_AJK_%28Arang_Kel%29.jpg/250px-Neeulm_Valley_AJK_%28Arang_Kel%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Neeulm_Valley_AJK_%28Arang_Kel%29.jpg/375px-Neeulm_Valley_AJK_%28Arang_Kel%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Neeulm_Valley_AJK_%28Arang_Kel%29.jpg/500px-Neeulm_Valley_AJK_%28Arang_Kel%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="664" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:Color of spacing between the images (default:black);border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shounter_Vally_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Shounter_Vally_2.jpg/250px-Shounter_Vally_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Shounter_Vally_2.jpg/375px-Shounter_Vally_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Shounter_Vally_2.jpg/500px-Shounter_Vally_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1728" /></a></span></div></div></div><div style="display:table;background-color:Color of spacing between the images (default:black);border-collapse:collapse"><div style="display:table-row"><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Azad_Kashmir_in_Pakistan_(claims_hatched).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Azad_Kashmir_in_Pakistan_%28claims_hatched%29.svg/124px-Azad_Kashmir_in_Pakistan_%28claims_hatched%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="124" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Azad_Kashmir_in_Pakistan_%28claims_hatched%29.svg/186px-Azad_Kashmir_in_Pakistan_%28claims_hatched%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Azad_Kashmir_in_Pakistan_%28claims_hatched%29.svg/248px-Azad_Kashmir_in_Pakistan_%28claims_hatched%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2365" data-file-height="1890" /></a></span></div><div style="display:table-cell;border-top:0;padding:0 1px 1px 0"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Azad_Kashmir_Location_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Azad_Kashmir_Location_Map.svg/124px-Azad_Kashmir_Location_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="124" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Azad_Kashmir_Location_Map.svg/186px-Azad_Kashmir_Location_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Azad_Kashmir_Location_Map.svg/248px-Azad_Kashmir_Location_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1720" data-file-height="1300" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div style="font-size:95%">top: <a href="/wiki/Arang_Kel" title="Arang Kel">Arang Kel</a><br />middle: Shounter Valley<br />bottom left: Azad Kashmir in Pakistan <br /> bottom right: Closer look of the disputed <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> region in India and Pakistan<sup id="cite_ref-tertiary-kashmir_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tertiary-kashmir-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div><div class="ib-settlement-caption"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="Flag of Azad Kashmir">Flag</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Azad_Kashmir.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Azad Jammu and Kashmir"><img alt="Flag of Azad Jammu and Kashmir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Azad_Kashmir.svg/100px-Flag_of_Azad_Kashmir.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Azad_Kashmir.svg/150px-Flag_of_Azad_Kashmir.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Azad_Kashmir.svg/200px-Flag_of_Azad_Kashmir.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="432" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="Flag of Azad Kashmir">Flag</a></div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_Seal_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_(Pakistan).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Azad Jammu and Kashmir"><img alt="Official seal of Azad Jammu and Kashmir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/State_Seal_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_%28Pakistan%29.png/100px-State_Seal_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_%28Pakistan%29.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/State_Seal_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_%28Pakistan%29.png/150px-State_Seal_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_%28Pakistan%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/State_Seal_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_%28Pakistan%29.png/200px-State_Seal_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_%28Pakistan%29.png 2x" data-file-width="684" data-file-height="684" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/State_emblem_of_Pakistan#Regional_emblems" title="State emblem of Pakistan">State seal</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 300px; height: 170px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="170" data-zoom="4" data-overlays="["_f3d8f4b1e53b65c85728066eb642e38df1a215ff"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,a,a,300x170.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Azad_Kashmir&revid=1257374014&groups=_f3d8f4b1e53b65c85728066eb642e38df1a215ff" width="300" height="170" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,a,a,300x170@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Azad_Kashmir&revid=1257374014&groups=_f3d8f4b1e53b65c85728066eb642e38df1a215ff 2x" alt="Map" /></a><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Interactive map of Azad Kashmir</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Azad_Kashmir&params=33_50_36_N_73_51_05_E_type:adm1st_region:PK_dim:1000000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">33°50′36″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°51′05″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">33.84333°N 73.85139°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">33.84333; 73.85139</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Administered by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir_Day" title="Azad Kashmir Day">Established</a></th><td class="infobox-data">24 October 1947</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Constitution_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_(1974)" title="Interim Constitution of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (1974)">Current constitution</a></th><td class="infobox-data">31 August 1974</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Self-governance" title="Self-governance">Self-governing</a> <a href="/wiki/State_(polity)" title="State (polity)">state</a> under Pakistani administration<sup id="cite_ref-brit_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="Government of Azad Kashmir">Government of Azad Kashmir</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_Governors_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Governors of Pakistan">President</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sultan_Mehmood_Chaudhry" title="Sultan Mehmood Chaudhry">Sultan Mehmood Chaudhry</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chief_Ministers_in_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Chief Ministers in Pakistan">Prime Minister</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chaudhry_Anwar-ul-Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaudhry Anwar-ul-Haq">Chaudhry Anwar-ul-Haq</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Chief_Secretary_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Secretary (Pakistan)">Chief Secretary</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Dawood Muhammad Barech <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Administrative_Service" title="Pakistan Administrative Service">(BPS-21 PAS)</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_legislatures_in_South_Asia#Pakistan" title="List of legislatures in South Asia">Legislature</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Azad Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly">Azad Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Supreme Court of Azad Jammu and Kashmir">Supreme Court</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Supreme Court of Azad Jammu and Kashmir">Supreme Court of Azad Jammu and Kashmir</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">13,297 km<sup>2</sup> (5,134 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2017)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,045,366</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">300/km<sup>2</sup> (790/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Azad Kashmiri</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B05:00" title="UTC+05:00">UTC+05:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Standard_Time" title="Pakistan Standard Time">PKT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:PK" title="ISO 3166-2:PK">PK-AJK</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Pakistan" title="Languages of Pakistan">Languages</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div><ul><li><b>Official:</b><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a></li></ul></div> <a href="/wiki/Pahari_(Poonchi)" title="Pahari (Poonchi)">Pahari (Poonchi)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari" title="Pahari-Pothwari">Pahari-Pothwari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hindko" title="Hindko">Hindko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a></li><li><b>Minority:</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Gujari_language" title="Gujari language">Gojri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a>, others</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Pakistan" title="Education in Pakistan">Literacy rate</a> (2017)</th><td class="infobox-data">74%<sup id="cite_ref-tribune.com.pk_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tribune.com.pk-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_administrative_units_of_Pakistan_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of administrative units of Pakistan by Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2019)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.612 <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#fc0">Medium</span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Divisions_of_Pakistan" title="Divisions of Pakistan">Divisions</a></th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Azad_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Districts of Azad Kashmir">Districts</a></th><td class="infobox-data">10</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_tehsils_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="List of tehsils of Azad Kashmir">Tehsils</a></th><td class="infobox-data">33</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Union_Councils_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Councils of Pakistan">Union Councils</a></th><td class="infobox-data">182</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ajk.gov.pk/">www<wbr />.ajk<wbr />.gov<wbr />.pk</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Azad Jammu and Kashmir</b> (<a href="/wiki/Urdu_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Urdu language">Urdu</a>: <span lang="ur" dir="rtl"><span class="Nastaliq" dir="rtl" title="Nastaliq" style="font-family: 'Jameel Noori Nastaleeq', 'Urdu Typesetting', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Hussaini Nastaleeq', 'AlQalam Taj Nastaleeq', IranNastaliq, 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar', 'Alvi Lahori Nastaleeq'; font-size: 110%; font-style: normal;">آزاد جموں و کشمیر</span></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Urdu" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Urdu">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Urdu-language romanization"><i lang="ur-Latn"><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/a\/a2\/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84-%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%DA%BA_%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1.wav\/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84-%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%DA%BA_%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"\u0100z\u0101d Jamm\u016b\u0303 o Ka\u015bm\u012br"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q1617 (urd)-\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0644-\u0622\u0632\u0627\u062f \u062c\u0645\u0648\u06ba \u0648 \u06a9\u0634\u0645\u06cc\u0631.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a2/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84-%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%DA%BA_%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1.wav/LL-Q1617_%28urd%29-%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84-%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%DA%BA_%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">Āzād Jammū̃ o Kaśmīr</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q1617_(urd)-%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%84-%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%88%DA%BA_%D9%88_%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1.wav" title="File:LL-Q1617 (urd)-نعم البدل-آزاد جموں و کشمیر.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></i></span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Literal_translation" title="Literal translation">lit.</a> </small>'Independent Jammu and Kashmir'; abbr. <b>AJK</b>),<sup id="cite_ref-Bose_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bose-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> officially the <b>State of Azad Jammu and Kashmir</b><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and colloquially referred to as simply <b>Azad Kashmir</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'z' in 'zoom'">z</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="/ʃ/: 'sh' in 'shy'">ʃ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ɪər/: 'ear' in 'near'">ɪər</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">AH</span>-zad kash-<span style="font-size:90%">MEER</span></i></a>),<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a region administered by <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a> as a nominally self-governing entity<sup id="cite_ref-self-governing_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-self-governing-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and constituting the western portion of the larger <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> region, which has been the subject of a <a href="/wiki/Kashmir#Kashmir_dispute" title="Kashmir">dispute</a> between <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> and Pakistan <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1947%E2%80%931948" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani War of 1947–1948">since 1947</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tertiary-kashmir_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tertiary-kashmir-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Azad Kashmir also shares borders with the Pakistani provinces of <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a> to the south and west, respectively. On its eastern side, Azad Kashmir is separated from the Indian <a href="/wiki/Union_territory" title="Union territory">union territory</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> (part of <a href="/wiki/Indian-administered_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian-administered Kashmir">Indian-administered Kashmir</a>) by the <a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Line of Control (LoC)</a>, which serves as the <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> border between the Indian and Pakistani-controlled parts of Kashmir. Geographically, it covers a total area of 13,297 km<sup>2</sup> (5,134 sq mi) and has a total population of 4,045,366 per the <a href="/wiki/2017_Census_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Census of Pakistan">2017 national census</a>. </p><p>The territory has a parliamentary form of government modelled after the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Westminster_system" title="Westminster system">Westminster system</a>, with the city of <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a> serving as its <a href="/wiki/Capital_city" title="Capital city">capital</a>. The <a href="/wiki/President_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="President of Azad Kashmir">President of AJK</a> is the constitutional <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="Prime Minister of Azad Kashmir">Prime Minister</a>, supported by a <a href="/wiki/Council_of_Ministers" title="Council of Ministers">Council of Ministers</a>, is the chief executive. The unicameral <a href="/wiki/Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Azad Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly">Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly</a> elects both the Prime Minister and President. The territory has its own <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Supreme Court of Azad Jammu and Kashmir">Supreme Court</a> and a <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="High Court of Azad Jammu and Kashmir">High Court</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Pakistan" title="Government of Pakistan">Government of Pakistan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Kashmir_Affairs_and_Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Ministry of Kashmir Affairs and Gilgit-Baltistan">Ministry of Kashmir Affairs and Gilgit-Baltistan</a> serves as a link between itself and Azad Jammu and Kashmir's government, although the autonomous territory is not represented in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Pakistan" title="Parliament of Pakistan">Parliament of Pakistan</a>. </p><p>Northern Azad Kashmir lies in a region that experiences strong vibrations of the earth as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Australian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Australian Plate">Indian Plate</a> underthrusting the <a href="/wiki/Eurasian_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurasian Plate">Eurasian Plate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A major <a href="/wiki/2005_Kashmir_earthquake" title="2005 Kashmir earthquake">earthquake in 2005</a> killed at least 100,000 people and left another three million people displaced, causing widespread devastation to the region's infrastructure and economy. Since then, with help from the Government of Pakistan and <a href="/wiki/International_response_to_the_2005_Kashmir_earthquake" title="International response to the 2005 Kashmir earthquake">foreign aid</a>, reconstruction of infrastructure is underway. Azad Kashmir's economy largely depends on agriculture, services, tourism, and remittances sent by members of the <a href="/wiki/British_Mirpuris" title="British Mirpuris">British Mirpuri</a> community. Nearly 87% of Azad Kashmiri households own farm property,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the region has the highest rate of school enrollment in Pakistan and a literacy rate of approximately 74%.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tribune.com.pk_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tribune.com.pk-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2></div> <p><i>Azad Kashmir</i> (Free Kashmir) was the title of a pamphlet issued by the <a href="/wiki/All_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Muslim_Conference" title="All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference">Muslim Conference</a> party at its 13th general session held in 1945 at <a href="/wiki/Poonch_(town)" title="Poonch (town)">Poonch</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBehera,_Demystifying_Kashmir200720_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBehera,_Demystifying_Kashmir200720-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is believed to have been a response to the <a href="/wiki/Jammu_%26_Kashmir_National_Conference" title="Jammu & Kashmir National Conference">National Conference</a>'s <i>Naya Kashmir</i> (New Kashmir) programme.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapoor,_Politics_of_Protests_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir2014Chapter_6,_p.&nbsp;273_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKapoor,_Politics_of_Protests_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir2014Chapter_6,_p.&nbsp;273-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sources state that it was no more than a compilation of various resolutions passed by the party.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGanai,_Dogra_Raj_and_the_Struggle_for_Freedom_in_Kashmir1999Chapter_6,_p.&nbsp;341_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGanai,_Dogra_Raj_and_the_Struggle_for_Freedom_in_Kashmir1999Chapter_6,_p.&nbsp;341-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But its intent seems to have been to declare that the Muslims of Jammu and Kashmir were committed to the <a href="/wiki/All-India_Muslim_League" title="All-India Muslim League">Muslim League</a>'s struggle for a separate homeland (Pakistan),<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBehera,_Demystifying_Kashmir200720_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBehera,_Demystifying_Kashmir200720-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and that the Muslim Conference was the sole representative organisation of the Muslims of Kashmir.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKapoor,_Politics_of_Protests_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir2014Chapter_6,_p.&nbsp;273_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKapoor,_Politics_of_Protests_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir2014Chapter_6,_p.&nbsp;273-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the following year, the party passed an "Azad Kashmir resolution" demanding that the maharaja institute a constituent assembly elected on an extended franchise.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaraf,_Kashmiris_Fight_for_Freedom,_Volume_12015663_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaraf,_Kashmiris_Fight_for_Freedom,_Volume_12015663-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to scholar <a href="/wiki/Chitralekha_Zutshi" title="Chitralekha Zutshi">Chitralekha Zutshi</a>, the organisation's declared goal was to achieve responsible government under the aegis of the maharaja without association with either India or Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The following year, the party workers assembled at the house of <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Ibrahim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sardar Ibrahim">Sardar Ibrahim</a> on July 19, 1947, reversed the decision, demanding that the Maharaja accede to Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaraf,_Kashmiris_Fight_for_Freedom,_Volume_220159_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaraf,_Kashmiris_Fight_for_Freedom,_Volume_220159-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Soon afterward, <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Ibrahim_Khan" title="Sardar Ibrahim Khan">Sardar Ibrahim</a> escaped to Pakistan and led the <a href="/wiki/1947_Poonch_rebellion" title="1947 Poonch rebellion">Poonch rebellion</a> from there, with the assistance of Pakistan's prime minister <a href="/wiki/Liaquat_Ali_Khan" title="Liaquat Ali Khan">Liaquat Ali Khan</a> and other officials. Liaquat Ali Khan appointed a committee headed by <a href="/wiki/Mian_Iftikharuddin" title="Mian Iftikharuddin">Mian Iftikharuddin</a> to draft a "declaration of freedom".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaraf,_Kashmiris_Fight_for_Freedom,_Volume_22015148–149_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaraf,_Kashmiris_Fight_for_Freedom,_Volume_22015148–149-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 4, an Azad Kashmir provisional government was declared in Lahore with Ghulam Nabi Gilkar as president under the assumed name "Mr. Anwar" and Sardar Ibrahim as the prime minister. Gilkar travelled to Srinagar and was arrested by the maharaja's government. Pakistani officials subsequently appointed Sardar Ibrahim as the president of the provisional government.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaraf,_Kashmiris_Fight_for_Freedom,_Volume_22015547544–545_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaraf,_Kashmiris_Fight_for_Freedom,_Volume_22015547544–545-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="History of Azad Kashmir">History of Azad Kashmir</a> and <a href="/wiki/1947_Poonch_rebellion" title="1947 Poonch rebellion">1947 Poonch rebellion</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jammu_and_Kashmir_in_1946_map_of_India_by_National_Geographic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Jammu_and_Kashmir_in_1946_map_of_India_by_National_Geographic.jpg/220px-Jammu_and_Kashmir_in_1946_map_of_India_by_National_Geographic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Jammu_and_Kashmir_in_1946_map_of_India_by_National_Geographic.jpg/330px-Jammu_and_Kashmir_in_1946_map_of_India_by_National_Geographic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Jammu_and_Kashmir_in_1946_map_of_India_by_National_Geographic.jpg/440px-Jammu_and_Kashmir_in_1946_map_of_India_by_National_Geographic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1551" data-file-height="1209" /></a><figcaption>A 1946 map of the <a href="/wiki/Princely_state" title="Princely state">princely state</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>; present-day Azad Kashmir constitutes areas of the three western-most districts</figcaption></figure> <p>At the time of the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a> in 1947, the British abandoned their <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Princely_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Princely states">princely states</a>, which were left with the options of joining India or Pakistan or remaining independent. <a href="/wiki/Hari_Singh" title="Hari Singh">Hari Singh</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Maharaja" title="Maharaja">maharaja</a> of Jammu and Kashmir, wanted his state to remain independent.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-britannica_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Muslims in the western districts of the Jammu province (current day Azad Kashmir) and in the Frontier Districts province (current day <a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a>) had wanted to join <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnedden2013p._14:_"Similarly,_Muslims_in_Western_Jammu_Province,_particularly_in_Poonch,_many_of_whom_had_martial_capabilities,_and_Muslims_in_the_Frontier_Districts_Province_strongly_wanted_J&K_to_join_Pakistan."_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESnedden2013p._14:_"Similarly,_Muslims_in_Western_Jammu_Province,_particularly_in_Poonch,_many_of_whom_had_martial_capabilities,_and_Muslims_in_the_Frontier_Districts_Province_strongly_wanted_J&K_to_join_Pakistan."-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Spring 1947, an uprising against the maharaja broke out in <a href="/wiki/Poonch_district,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Poonch district, Pakistan">Poonch</a>, an area bordering the <a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi_division" class="mw-redirect" title="Rawalpindi division">Rawalpindi division</a> of <a href="/wiki/West_Punjab" title="West Punjab">West Punjab</a>. The maharaja's administration is said to have started levying punitive taxes on the peasantry which provoked a local revolt and the administration resorted to brutal suppression. The area's population, swelled by recently demobilised soldiers following <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, rebelled against the maharaja's forces and gained control of almost the entire district. Following this victory, the pro-Pakistan chieftains of the western districts of <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzaffarabad district">Muzaffarabad</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Poonch_District" title="History of Poonch District">Poonch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mirpur_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirpur district">Mirpur</a> proclaimed a provisional Azad Jammu and Kashmir government in Rawalpindi on October 3, 1947.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBose200332–33_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBose200332–33-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ghulam Nabi Gilkar, under the assumed name "Mr. Anwar," issued a proclamation in the name of the provisional government in <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a>. However, this government quickly fizzled out with the arrest of Anwar in Srinagar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnedden2013p._59_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESnedden2013p._59-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On October 24, a second provisional government of Azad Kashmir was established at <a href="/wiki/Palandri" class="mw-redirect" title="Palandri">Palandri</a> under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Sardar_Ibrahim_Khan" title="Sardar Ibrahim Khan">Sardar Ibrahim Khan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnedden2013p._61_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESnedden2013p._61-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On October 21, several thousand <a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtun</a> tribesmen from <a href="/wiki/North-West_Frontier_Province_(1901%E2%80%931955)" class="mw-redirect" title="North-West Frontier Province (1901–1955)">North-West Frontier Province</a> poured into Jammu and Kashmir to help with the rebellion against the maharaja's rule. They were led by experienced military leaders and were equipped with modern arms. The maharaja's crumbling forces were unable to withstand the onslaught. The tribesmen captured the towns of Muzaffarabad and <a href="/wiki/Baramulla" title="Baramulla">Baramulla</a>, the latter of which is 32 kilometres (20 mi) northwest of the state capital <a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a>. On October 24, the Maharaja requested military assistance from India, which responded that it was unable to help him unless he acceded to India. Accordingly, on October 26, 1947, Maharaja Hari Singh signed an <a href="/wiki/Instrument_of_Accession_(Jammu_and_Kashmir)" title="Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)">Instrument of Accession</a>, handing over control of defence, external affairs, and communications to the Government of India in return for military aid.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indian troops were immediately airlifted into Srinagar.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBose200335–36_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBose200335–36-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pakistan intervened subsequently.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fighting ensued between the Indian and Pakistani armies, with the two areas of control more or less stabilised around what is now known as the "<a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Line of Control</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>India later approached the United Nations, asking it to resolve the dispute, and resolutions were passed in favour of the holding of a plebiscite with regard to Kashmir's future. However, no such plebiscite has ever been held on either side, since there was a precondition that required the withdrawal of the Pakistani army along with the non-state elements and the subsequent partial withdrawal of the Indian army<sup id="cite_ref-UN_Resolution_47_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_Resolution_47-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the parts of Kashmir under their respective control – a withdrawal that never took place.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1949, a formal cease-fire line separating the Indian- and Pakistani-controlled parts of Kashmir came into effect. </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Karachi_Agreement" title="Karachi Agreement">1949 cease-fire agreement</a> with India, the government of Pakistan divided the northern and western parts of Kashmir that it controlled at the time of the cease-fire into the following two separately controlled political entities: </p> <ul><li>Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) – the narrow, southern part, 400 km (250 mi) long, with a width varying from 15 to 65 km (10 to 40 mi).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit%E2%80%93Baltistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilgit–Baltistan">Gilgit–Baltistan</a> formerly called the <a href="/wiki/Federally_Administered_Northern_Areas" class="mw-redirect" title="Federally Administered Northern Areas">Federally Administered Northern Areas</a> (FANA) – the much larger political entity to the north of AJK with an area of 72,496 km<sup>2</sup> (27,991 sq mi).</li></ul> <p>In 1955, the <a href="/wiki/1955_Poonch_uprising" title="1955 Poonch uprising">Poonch uprising</a> broke out. It was largely concentrated in areas of <a href="/wiki/Rawalakot" title="Rawalakot">Rawalakot</a> as well as the rest of <a href="/wiki/Poonch_Division" title="Poonch Division">Poonch Division</a>. It ended in 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnedden2013pp._120,_121,_122_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESnedden2013pp._120,_121,_122-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1970, <a href="/wiki/Yahya_Khan" title="Yahya Khan">Yahya Khan's</a> military administration promulgated a 'rudimentary' constitution, 'The Azad Jammu and Kashmir Government Act, 1970' which provided AJK a presidential system, an elected legislative assembly and 'considerable' autonomy. Snedden refers to it as having "delivered the most autonomy ever enjoyed by this region – or by any region in J&K." The central government only controlling foreign affairs, defence and currency, while the MKA was sidelined.<sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_University_Press-2018_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge_University_Press-2018-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 121">: 121 </span></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Zulfikar_Ali_Bhutto" title="Zulfikar Ali Bhutto">Zulfikar Ali Bhutto</a>, then Prime-Minister of Pakistan, with some local support imposed the '<a href="/wiki/Interim_Constitution_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_(1974)" title="Interim Constitution of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (1974)">Azad Jammu and Kashmir Interim Constitution Act, 1974</a>’ (Interim till the Kashmir dispute was resolved with India). It allowed AJK a directly elected <a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly" title="Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly">AJK Legislative Assembly</a>, and a smaller indirectly elected <a href="/wiki/Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Council" title="Azad Jammu and Kashmir Council">Azad Jammu and Kashmir Council</a> in Islamabad. This arrangement reduced the power of the MKA, however Snedden referred to it as a "diminution."<sup id="cite_ref-Cambridge_University_Press-2018_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cambridge_University_Press-2018-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 121–122">: 121–122 </span></sup> </p><p>Danish Khan in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Friday_Times" title="The Friday Times">The Friday Times</a></i> characterizes this development as providing "an avenue for citizens to draw attention from political elites towards immediate socio-economic and developmental concerns such as access to basic infrastructure and public goods," further stating "while public sector investments in infrastructure and social sectors have shown relative improvements over the years, the overarching narrative in the political sphere, spanning across party lines, remains heavily focused on the Jammu & Kashmir conflict rather than indigenous socio-economic development."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Constitution provides Kashmir its own <a href="/wiki/President_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="President of Azad Kashmir">President</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="Prime Minister of Azad Kashmir">Prime-Minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_Court_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="High Court of Azad Jammu and Kashmir">High Court</a>, <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir" title="Supreme Court of Azad Jammu and Kashmir">Supreme Court</a>, Auditor General and Chief Election Commissioner as well.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 13th Amendment to the AJK Constitution, passed in <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a> empowered the AJK government, increased the powers of the elected assembly, granted Azad Kashmir greater financial and administrative powers and sought to make the federal territory more autonomous. The word "Act" was also deleted from the Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At one time under Pakistani control, Kashmir's <a href="/wiki/Trans-Karakoram_Tract" title="Trans-Karakoram Tract">Shaksgam tract</a>, a small region along the northeastern border of Gilgit–Baltistan, was provisionally ceded by Pakistan to the People's Republic of China in 1963 which helped in resolving China-Pakistan boundary dispute and now the forms part of China's <a href="/wiki/Xinjiang" title="Xinjiang">Xinjiang</a> Uygur Autonomous Region. </p><p>In 1972, the then current border between the Indian and Pakistani controlled parts of Kashmir was designated as the "<a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Line of Control</a>". This line has remained unchanged<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> since the 1972 <a href="/wiki/Simla_Agreement" title="Simla Agreement">Simla Agreement</a>, which bound the two countries "to settle their differences by peaceful means through bilateral negotiations". Some political experts claim that, in view of that pact, the only solution to the issue is mutual negotiation between the two countries without involving a third party such as the United Nation.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1974 Interim Constitution Act was passed by the 48-member Azad Jammu and Kashmir unicameral assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In April 1997, the <a href="/wiki/Nawaz_Sharif" title="Nawaz Sharif">Nawaz Sharif</a> government refused to grant constitutional status to Azad Jammu and Kashmir stating that "'The grant of constitutional rights to these people will amount to unilateral annexation of these areas."<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Azad_Kashmir_Landscape.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Azad_Kashmir_Landscape.JPG/220px-Azad_Kashmir_Landscape.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Azad_Kashmir_Landscape.JPG/330px-Azad_Kashmir_Landscape.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Azad_Kashmir_Landscape.JPG/440px-Azad_Kashmir_Landscape.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>Landscape of Azad Kashmir</figcaption></figure> <p>The northern part of Azad Jammu and Kashmir encompasses the lower area of the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>, including Jamgarh Peak (4,734 m or 15,531 ft). However, <a href="/wiki/Sarwali_Peak" title="Sarwali Peak">Sarwali Peak</a> (6326 m) in <a href="/wiki/Neelum_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Neelum Valley">Neelum Valley</a> is the highest peak in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-brit_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The region receives rainfall in both the winter and the summer. <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a> and Pattan are among the wettest areas of Pakistan. Throughout most of the region, the average rainfall exceeds 1400 mm, with the highest average rainfall occurring near Muzaffarabad (around 1800 mm). During the summer season, monsoon floods of the rivers <a href="/wiki/Jhelum_River" title="Jhelum River">Jhelum</a> and Leepa are common due to extreme rains and snow melting. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:World_K%C3%B6ppen_Classification_Kashmir.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/World_K%C3%B6ppen_Classification_Kashmir.png/220px-World_K%C3%B6ppen_Classification_Kashmir.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/World_K%C3%B6ppen_Classification_Kashmir.png/330px-World_K%C3%B6ppen_Classification_Kashmir.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/World_K%C3%B6ppen_Classification_Kashmir.png 2x" data-file-width="381" data-file-height="257" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification</figcaption></figure> <p>The southern parts of Azad Kashmir, including the Bhimber, Mirpur, and Kotli districts, have extremely hot weather in the summer and moderate cold weather in the winter. They receive rain mostly in <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> weather.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rice_Cultivaiton_in_Leepa_AJK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Rice_Cultivaiton_in_Leepa_AJK.jpg/220px-Rice_Cultivaiton_in_Leepa_AJK.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Rice_Cultivaiton_in_Leepa_AJK.jpg/330px-Rice_Cultivaiton_in_Leepa_AJK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Rice_Cultivaiton_in_Leepa_AJK.jpg/440px-Rice_Cultivaiton_in_Leepa_AJK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Paddy field in <a href="/wiki/Leepa_Valley" title="Leepa Valley">Leepa valley</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the central and northern parts of the state, the weather remains moderately hot in the summer and cold and chilly in the winter. Snowfall also occurs there in December and January.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The region receives rainfall in both the winter and the summer. <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a> and Pattan are among the wettest areas of the state, but they don't receive snow. Throughout most of the region, the average rainfall exceeds 1400 mm, with the highest average rainfall occurring near Muzaffarabad (around 1800 mm). During summer, monsoon floods of the <a href="/wiki/Jhelum_River" title="Jhelum River">Jhelum</a> and Leepa rivers are common, due to high rainfall and melting snow.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="Azad Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly">Azad Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="Prime Minister of Azad Kashmir">Prime Minister of Azad Kashmir</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Interim_Constitution_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_(1974)" title="Interim Constitution of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (1974)">Interim Constitution of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (1974)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pakistan_is_full_of_breathtaking_views_-_Muzafarabad.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Pakistan_is_full_of_breathtaking_views_-_Muzafarabad.JPG/220px-Pakistan_is_full_of_breathtaking_views_-_Muzafarabad.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Pakistan_is_full_of_breathtaking_views_-_Muzafarabad.JPG/330px-Pakistan_is_full_of_breathtaking_views_-_Muzafarabad.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Pakistan_is_full_of_breathtaking_views_-_Muzafarabad.JPG/440px-Pakistan_is_full_of_breathtaking_views_-_Muzafarabad.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a>, the capital city of Azad Kashmir</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UPDATED_BAGH_AJK,_PAKISTAN_ASIA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/UPDATED_BAGH_AJK%2C_PAKISTAN_ASIA.jpg/220px-UPDATED_BAGH_AJK%2C_PAKISTAN_ASIA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/UPDATED_BAGH_AJK%2C_PAKISTAN_ASIA.jpg/330px-UPDATED_BAGH_AJK%2C_PAKISTAN_ASIA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/UPDATED_BAGH_AJK%2C_PAKISTAN_ASIA.jpg/440px-UPDATED_BAGH_AJK%2C_PAKISTAN_ASIA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bagh,_Azad_Kashmir" title="Bagh, Azad Kashmir">Bagh City</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) is nominally a self-governing state,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but ever since the 1949 ceasefire between Indian and Pakistani forces, Pakistan has exercised control over the state without incorporating it into Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-brit_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ajk144_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ajk144-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Azad Kashmir has its own elected <a href="/wiki/President_(government_title)" title="President (government title)">president</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_minister" title="Prime minister">prime minister</a>, <a href="/wiki/Legislative_assembly" title="Legislative assembly">legislative assembly</a>, <a href="/wiki/High_court" title="High court">high court</a> (with Azam Khan as its present chief justice), and <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="Flag of Azad Kashmir">official flag</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ajk.gov.pk_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ajk.gov.pk-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Azad Kashmir's budget and tax affairs, are dealt with by the <a href="/wiki/Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Council" title="Azad Jammu and Kashmir Council">Azad Jammu and Kashmir Council</a> rather than by Pakistan's Central Board of Revenue. The Azad Jammu and Kashmir Council is a supreme body consisting of 14 members, 8 from the government of Azad Jammu and Kashmir and 6 from the government of Pakistan. Its chairman/chief executive is the prime minister of Pakistan. Other members of the council are the president and the prime minister of Azad Kashmir (or an individual nominated by her/him) and 6 members of the AJK Legislative Assembly.<sup id="cite_ref-ajk.gov.pk_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ajk.gov.pk-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ajk144_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ajk144-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Azad Kashmir Day is celebrated in Azad Jammu and Kashmir on October 24, which is the day that the Azad Jammu and Kashmir government was created in 1947. Pakistan has celebrated <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Solidarity_Day" title="Kashmir Solidarity Day">Kashmir Solidarity Day</a> on February 5 of each year since 1990 as a day of protest against <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> sovereignty over its State of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That day is a <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Pakistan" title="Public holidays in Pakistan">national holiday</a> in Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pakistan observes the Kashmir <a href="/wiki/Accession_Day_(Jammu_and_Kashmir)" title="Accession Day (Jammu and Kashmir)">Accession Day</a> as Black Day on October 27 of each year since 1947 as a day of protest against the accession of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu and Kashmir State">Jammu and Kashmir State</a> to India and its military presence in the Indian-controlled parts of Jammu and Kashmir. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Brad_Adams" title="Brad Adams">Brad Adams</a>, the Asia director at the U.S.-based <a href="/wiki/NGO" class="mw-redirect" title="NGO">NGO</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> said in 2006: "Although 'azad' means 'free,' the residents of Azad Kashmir are anything but; the Pakistani authorities govern the Azad Kashmir government with tight controls on basic freedoms."<sup id="cite_ref-Adams_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adams-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholar <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Snedden" title="Christopher Snedden">Christopher Snedden</a> has observed that despite tight controls, the people of Azad Kashmir have generally accepted whatever Pakistan has done to them, which in any case has varied little from how most Pakistanis have been treated (by Pakistan). According to <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Snedden" title="Christopher Snedden">Christopher Snedden</a>, one of the reasons for this was that the people of Azad Kashmir had always wanted to be part of Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-Snedden_2013_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snedden_2013-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Consequently, having little to fear from a pro-Pakistan population devoid of options,<sup id="cite_ref-Snedden_2013_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snedden_2013-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pakistan imposed its will through the Federal <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Kashmir_Affairs_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Kashmir Affairs (Pakistan)">Ministry of Kashmir Affairs</a> and failed to empower the people of Azad Kashmir, allowing genuine self-government for only a short period in the 1970s. According to the interim constitution that was drawn up in the 1970s, the only political parties that are allowed to exist are those that pay allegiance to Pakistan: "No person or political party in Azad Jammu and Kashmir shall be permitted... activities prejudicial or detrimental to the State's accession to Pakistan."<sup id="cite_ref-Snedden_2013_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snedden_2013-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pro-independence <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_Liberation_Front" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front">Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front</a> has never been allowed to contest elections in Azad Kashmir.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBose2003100_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBose2003100-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the interim constitution does not give them a choice, the people of Azad Kashmir have not considered any option other than joining Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-Snedden_2013_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snedden_2013-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Except in a legal sense, Azad Kashmir has been fully integrated into Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-Snedden_2013_52-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snedden_2013-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Azad Kashmir is home to a vibrant civil society. One of the organizations active in the territory and inside Pakistan is <a href="/wiki/YFK-International_Kashmir_Lobby_Group" title="YFK-International Kashmir Lobby Group">YFK-International Kashmir Lobby Group</a>, an NGO that seeks better India-Pakistan relations through conflict resolution in Kashmir. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development_project">Development project</h3></div> <p>According to the project report by the <a href="/wiki/Asian_Development_Bank" title="Asian Development Bank">Asian Development Bank</a>, the bank has set out development goals for Azad Kashmir in the areas of health, education, nutrition, and social development. The whole project is estimated to cost US$76 million.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>, between 2006 and 2014, has also donated $38 million towards the AJK Health Infrastructure Programme.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_tehsils_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="List of tehsils of Azad Kashmir">List of tehsils of Azad Kashmir</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Azad_Kashmir_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Azad_Kashmir_Map.svg/150px-Azad_Kashmir_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Azad_Kashmir_Map.svg/225px-Azad_Kashmir_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Azad_Kashmir_Map.svg/300px-Azad_Kashmir_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption>Districts of Azad Kashmir</figcaption></figure> <p>The state is administratively divided into three <a href="/wiki/Division_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Division (Pakistan)">divisions</a> which, in turn, are divided into ten <a href="/wiki/District_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="District (Pakistan)">districts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="sortable wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Division </th> <th>District </th> <th>Area (km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>Population (2017 Census) </th> <th>Headquarters </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><b>Mirpur</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mirpur_District" title="Mirpur District">Mirpur</a></td> <td>1,010 </td> <td>456,200 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Mirpur_City" class="mw-redirect" title="New Mirpur City">New Mirpur City</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kotli_District" title="Kotli District">Kotli</a></td> <td>1,862 </td> <td>774,194 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kotli" title="Kotli">Kotli</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhimber_District" title="Bhimber District">Bhimber</a></td> <td>1,516</td> <td>420,624 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhimber" title="Bhimber">Bhimber</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><b>Muzaffarabad</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad_District" title="Muzaffarabad District">Muzaffarabad</a></td> <td>1,642 </td> <td>650,370</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hattian_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Hattian District">Hattian</a></td> <td>854 </td> <td>230,529 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hattian_Bala" title="Hattian Bala">Hattian Bala</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Neelam_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Neelam District">Neelam Valley</a></td> <td>3,621</td> <td>191,251 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Athmuqam" class="mw-redirect" title="Athmuqam">Athmuqam</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><b>Poonch</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Poonch_District_(AJK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Poonch District (AJK)">Poonch</a></td> <td>855</td> <td>500,571 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rawalakot" title="Rawalakot">Rawalakot</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Haveli_District" title="Haveli District">Haveli</a></td> <td>600</td> <td>152,124 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Forward_Kahuta" title="Forward Kahuta">Forward Kahuta</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bagh_District" title="Bagh District">Bagh</a></td> <td>768</td> <td>371,919 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bagh,_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagh, Kashmir">Bagh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sudhanoti_District" title="Sudhanoti District">Sudhanoti</a></td> <td>569</td> <td>297,584 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Palandri" class="mw-redirect" title="Palandri">Palandri</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#e6e6e6"> <td><b>Total</b> </td> <td>10 districts </td> <td>13,297 </td> <td>4,045,366 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kotla_bagh_Azad_Kashmir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Kotla_bagh_Azad_Kashmir.jpg/220px-Kotla_bagh_Azad_Kashmir.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Kotla_bagh_Azad_Kashmir.jpg/330px-Kotla_bagh_Azad_Kashmir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Kotla_bagh_Azad_Kashmir.jpg/440px-Kotla_bagh_Azad_Kashmir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kotla,_Bagh" title="Kotla, Bagh">Kotla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bagh_District" title="Bagh District">Bagh District</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Population">Population</h3></div> <p>The population of Azad Kashmir, according to the preliminary results of <a href="/wiki/2017_Census_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 Census of Pakistan">the 2017 Census</a>, is 4.045 million.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The website of the AJK government reports the literacy rate to be 74%, with the enrolment rate in primary school being 98% and 90% for boys and girls respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The population of Azad Kashmir is almost entirely Muslim. The people of this region culturally differ from the <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmiri people">Kashmiris</a> living in the <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Valley" title="Kashmir Valley">Kashmir Valley</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> and are closer to the culture of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu Division">Jammu</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mirpur,_Azad_Kashmir" title="Mirpur, Azad Kashmir">Mirpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kotli" title="Kotli">Kotli</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bhimber" title="Bhimber">Bhimber</a> are all old towns of the Jammu region.<sup id="cite_ref-HRW_report_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HRW_report-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <p>Azad Jammu and Kashmir has an almost entirely <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> population. According to data maintained by Christian community organizations, there are around 4,500 Christian residents in the region. Bhimber is home to most of them, followed by Mirpur and Muzaffarabad. A few dozen families also live in Kotli, Poonch, and Bagh. However, the Christian community has been struggling to get residential status and property rights in AJK. </p><p>There is no official data on the total number of followers of the <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí Faith</a> in AJK. Only six Baháʼí families are known to be living in Muzaffarabad with others living in rural areas. </p><p>The followers of the <a href="/wiki/Ahmadi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmadi">Ahmadi</a> faith are estimated to be somewhere between 20,000 and 25,000, and most of them live in Kotli, Mirpur, Bhimber, and Muzaffarabad.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <caption>Religious groups in Azad Jammu and Kashmir (<a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">Jammu & Kashmir Princely State</a> era) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Pakistan" title="Religion in Pakistan">Religious</a><br />group </th> <th colspan="2">1901<sup id="cite_ref-Census1901_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1901-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1911<sup id="cite_ref-Census1911_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1911-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1921<sup id="cite_ref-Census1921_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1921-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1931<sup id="cite_ref-Census1931_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1931-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th colspan="2">1941<sup id="cite_ref-Census1941_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1941-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></a> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr> </th> <th><abbr title="percentage">%</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_and_Crescent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/15px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/23px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/30px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="216" /></a></span> </th> <td>747,426 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001856241443897744♠" style="display:none"></span>85.62% </td> <td>749,945 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001877610057446716♠" style="display:none"></span>87.76% </td> <td>780,607 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001880190920561395♠" style="display:none"></span>88.02% </td> <td>850,135 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001876809292290047♠" style="display:none"></span>87.68% </td> <td>939,460 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001875419557677649♠" style="display:none"></span>87.54% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Om.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/15px-Om.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/23px-Om.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/30px-Om.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="200" /></a></span> </th> <td>108,331 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7001124102575852173♠" style="display:none"></span>12.41% </td> <td>84,130 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000984516652994449♠" style="display:none"></span>9.85% </td> <td>81,733 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000921598762376516♠" style="display:none"></span>9.22% </td> <td>87,554 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000903011413212758♠" style="display:none"></span>9.03% </td> <td>93,559 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000871813365090192♠" style="display:none"></span>8.72% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Khanda.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/15px-Khanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/23px-Khanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/30px-Khanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="632" /></a></span> </th> <td>17,132 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000196261949903484♠" style="display:none"></span>1.96% </td> <td>20,391 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000238622121374180♠" style="display:none"></span>2.39% </td> <td>24,491 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000276153760284869♠" style="display:none"></span>2.76% </td> <td>31,709 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000327039186120147♠" style="display:none"></span>3.27% </td> <td>39,910 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="7000371894434535956♠" style="display:none"></span>3.72% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Christian_cross.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/15px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/23px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/30px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564" /></a></span> </th> <td>18 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997206205644306719♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>55 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997643627908174191♠" style="display:none"></span>0.01% </td> <td>24 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997270617379724669♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>168 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998173271258217492♠" style="display:none"></span>0.02% </td> <td>136 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6998126729248551466♠" style="display:none"></span>0.01% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/15px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/23px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg/30px-Jain_Prateek_Chihna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1124" data-file-height="1934" /></a></span> </th> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>8 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6996936186048253369♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>6 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6996676543449311673♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>11 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997113451419070977♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel_(2).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/15px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/23px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg/30px-Dharma_Wheel_%282%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="697" data-file-height="697" /></a></span> </th> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>2 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6996234046512063342♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrianism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Faravahar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/15px-Faravahar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/23px-Faravahar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Faravahar.svg/30px-Faravahar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="560" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> </th> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>1 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6996103137653700888♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Tribal </th> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/15px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/23px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/30px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a></span> </th> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Others </th> <td>8 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6996916469530252086♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>0 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>0% </td> <td>89 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="6997829331111844152♠" style="display:none"></span>0.01% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total population </th> <th>872,915 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>854,531 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>886,861 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>969,578 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th> <th>1,073,154 </th> <th><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠" style="display:none"></span>100% </th></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="11"><span style="font-size:85%;">Note1: 1901 Figure taken from <a href="/wiki/Census_in_British_India" title="Census in British India">census data</a> by combining the total population of two <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_British_India" title="Districts of British India">districts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bhimber_District" title="Bhimber District">Bhimber</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad_District" title="Muzaffarabad District">Muzaffarabad</a>) and one <a href="/wiki/Jagir" title="Jagir">Jagir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poonch_jagir" class="mw-redirect" title="Poonch jagir">Poonch</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/Princely_State_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir">Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir</a> that ultimately would be administered by Pakistan, in the contemporary self-administrative territory of <a href="/wiki/Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Azad Jammu and Kashmir">Azad Jammu and Kashmir</a>.<br /><br />Note2:1911–1941 figures taken from <a href="/wiki/Census_in_British_India" title="Census in British India">census data</a> by combining the total population of two <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_British_India" title="Districts of British India">districts</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mirpur_District" title="Mirpur District">Mirpur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad_District" title="Muzaffarabad District">Muzaffarabad</a>) and one <a href="/wiki/Jagir" title="Jagir">Jagir</a> (<a href="/wiki/Poonch_jagir" class="mw-redirect" title="Poonch jagir">Poonch</a>) in the <a href="/wiki/Princely_State_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir">Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir</a> that ultimately would be administered by Pakistan, in the contemporary self-administrative territory of <a href="/wiki/Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Azad Jammu and Kashmir">Azad Jammu and Kashmir</a>.</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmiri_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Azad Kashmiri diaspora">Azad Kashmiri diaspora</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Snedden" title="Christopher Snedden">Christopher Snedden</a> writes that most of the native residents of Azad Kashmir are not of <a href="/wiki/Kashmiris" title="Kashmiris">Kashmiri</a> ethnicity; rather, they could be called "<a href="/wiki/Jammu_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu region">Jammuites</a>" due to their historical and cultural links with that region, which is coterminous with neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Punjab_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Punjab region">Punjab</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hazara_region" title="Hazara region">Hazara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because their region was formerly a part of the <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">princely state</a> of Jammu and Kashmir and is named after it, many Azad Kashmiris have adopted the "Kashmiri" identity, whereas in an ethnolinguistic context, the term "Kashmiri" would ordinarily refer to natives of the <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Valley" title="Kashmir Valley">Kashmir Valley</a> region.<sup id="cite_ref-Snedden2015_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snedden2015-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population of Azad Kashmir has strong historical, cultural and linguistic affinities with the neighbouring populations of northern <a href="/wiki/Punjab" title="Punjab">Punjab</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pothohar_Plateau" title="Pothohar Plateau">Pothohar Plateau</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whereas the <a href="/wiki/Sudhans" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudhans">Sudhans</a> have the oral tradition of the <a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtuns</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnedden2013p._43:_"Sudhans_from_Poonch_considered_themselves_to_be_''Sudho_Zai''_Pathans_(Pukhtoons),_which_explained_why_the_[[Pashtuns|Pashtun]]_tribesmen_from_NWFP_province_lost_no_time_coming_to_help_Jammu_and_Kashmir's_Muslims_in_1947.."_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESnedden2013p._43:_"Sudhans_from_Poonch_considered_themselves_to_be_''Sudho_Zai''_Pathans_(Pukhtoons),_which_explained_why_the_[[Pashtuns|Pashtun]]_tribesmen_from_NWFP_province_lost_no_time_coming_to_help_Jammu_and_Kashmir's_Muslims_in_1947.."-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The main communities living in this region are:<sup id="cite_ref-The_Role_of_Biradaris_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Role_of_Biradaris-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gujjars" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujjars">Gujjars</a> – They are an agricultural tribe and are estimated to be the largest community living in the ten districts of Azad Kashmir.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Role_of_Biradaris_73-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Role_of_Biradaris-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Poonch_Profile_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poonch_Profile-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bagh_Profile_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bagh_Profile-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are estimated to number around 800,000.<sup id="cite_ref-hrw.org_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrw.org-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhans" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudhans">Sudhans</a> – (also known as Sadozai, Sardar) are the second largest tribe, living mainly in the districts of <a href="/wiki/Poonch_district,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Poonch district, Pakistan">Poonch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudhanoti_District" title="Sudhanoti District">Sudhanoti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bagh_District" title="Bagh District">Bagh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kotli_District" title="Kotli District">Kotli</a> in Azad Kashmir, and allegedly originating from the <a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtun</a> areas.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Role_of_Biradaris_73-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Role_of_Biradaris-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Poonch_Profile_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poonch_Profile-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With a population of more than 500,000, together with the Rajputs, they are the source of most of Azad Kashmir's political leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-hrw.org_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrw.org-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Jats – They are one of the larger communities of AJK and primarily inhabit the districts of Mirpur, Bhimber, and Kotli. A large <a href="/wiki/British_Mirpuris" title="British Mirpuris">Mirpuri</a> population lives in the U.K. and it is estimated that more people of Mirpuri origins are now residing in the U.K. than in the Mirpur district, which retains strong ties with the U.K.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Role_of_Biradaris_73-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Role_of_Biradaris-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mirpuri Jats number approximately 300 000.<sup id="cite_ref-hrw.org_76-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrw.org-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rajput" title="Rajput">Rajputs</a> – They are spread across the territory, and they number a little under 500,000. Together with the Sundhans, they are the source of most of Azad Kashmir's political class.<sup id="cite_ref-hrw.org_76-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hrw.org-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_tribe" class="mw-redirect" title="Mughal tribe">Mughals</a> – Largely located in the <a href="/wiki/Bagh,_Azad_Kashmir" title="Bagh, Azad Kashmir">Bagh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a> districts.<sup id="cite_ref-Bagh_Profile_75-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bagh_Profile-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Awan_(tribe)" title="Awan (tribe)">Awans</a> – A clan with significant numbers in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, living mainly in the <a href="/wiki/Bagh_District" title="Bagh District">Bagh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poonch_District,_Pakistan" title="Poonch District, Pakistan">Poonch</a>, Hattian Bala, and <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad_District" title="Muzaffarabad District">Muzaffarabad</a>. Awans also reside in Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in large numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Role_of_Biradaris_73-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Role_of_Biradaris-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Poonch_Profile_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poonch_Profile-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bagh_Profile_75-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bagh_Profile-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhund_(tribe)" title="Dhund (tribe)">Dhund</a> – They are a large clan in Azad Jammu and Kashmir and live mostly in the <a href="/wiki/Bagh_District" title="Bagh District">Bagh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hattian_Bala_District" title="Hattian Bala District">Hattian Bala</a>, and Muzaffarabad districts. They also inhabit Abbottabad and upper Potohar Punjab in large numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Role_of_Biradaris_73-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Role_of_Biradaris-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Poonch_Profile_74-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Poonch_Profile-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bagh_Profile_75-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bagh_Profile-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiris" title="Kashmiris">Kashmiris</a> – Ethnic Kashmiri populations are found in the <a href="/wiki/Neelam_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Neelam Valley">Neelam Valley</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Leepa_Valley" title="Leepa Valley">Leepa Valley</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Kashmiris_in_Azad_Kashmir" title="Kashmiris in Azad Kashmir">Kashmiris in Azad Kashmir</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Snedden_20152_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snedden_20152-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Grey; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 181.89932472811px; border-left-color:yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 93.906250581749px; border-left-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:90.482705246602px 42.577929156507px 0 0; border-top-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Languages by approximate number of speakers<sup id="cite_ref-SYB_2020_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SYB_2020-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari" title="Pahari-Pothwari">Pahari-Pothwari</a><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (68%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:blue; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Gujari_language" title="Gujari language">Gojri</a> (19%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:yellow; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a> (5%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Grey; color:black;"> </span> Others (8%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>The official languages of Azad Kashmir are <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERahman1996226_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERahman1996226-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the former being mostly used in higher <a href="/wiki/Domain_of_language_use" class="mw-redirect" title="Domain of language use">domains</a>. The majority of the population, however, are native speakers of other languages. <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_dialects_and_languages" title="Punjabi dialects and languages">Punjabi</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pahari%E2%80%93Pothwari" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahari–Pothwari">Pahari–Pothwari</a> variety, which the government simply refers to as <i>Pahari</i> to distinguish it from the form of the dialect spoken in northern Punjab, is the majority spoken variety in the region with its various sub-dialects. There are also sizeable communities speaking <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a> (mostly in the north), <a href="/wiki/Gujari_language" title="Gujari language">Gujari</a> (throughout the territory), and <a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a> (in the south), as well as pockets of speakers of <a href="/wiki/Kundal_Shahi_language" title="Kundal Shahi language">Kundal Shahi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shina_language" title="Shina language">Shina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a>. With the exception of Pashto and English, those languages belong to the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan</a> language family. </p><p>The sub-dialects of the <a href="/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari" title="Pahari-Pothwari">Pahari-Pothwari</a> cover most of the territory of Azad Kashmir. Those are also spoken across the Line of Control in the neighbouring areas of Indian Jammu and Kashmir and are closely related both to the varieties of <a href="/wiki/Majhi_dialect" title="Majhi dialect">Majhi</a> to the south and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Hindko" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Hindko">Hindko</a> to the southwest. The variety in the southern districts of Azad Kashmir is known by a variety of names – including <i>Mirpuri</i>, <i>Pothwari</i> and <i>Pahari</i> – and is closely related to the Pothwari proper spoken to the east on the <a href="/wiki/Pothohar_Plateau" title="Pothohar Plateau">Pothohar Plateau</a> of <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a>. The sub-dialects of the central districts of Azad Kashmir are occasionally referred to in the literature as <i>Chibhali</i> or <i>Punchi</i>, but the speakers themselves usually call them <i>Pahari</i>, an ambiguous name that is also used for <a href="/wiki/Pahari_language_(name)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahari language (name)">several unrelated languages</a> of the lower Himalayas. Going north, the speech forms gradually change into Hindko. Today, in the <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad_District" title="Muzaffarabad District">Muzaffarabad District</a> the preferred local name for the language is <i>Hindko</i>, although it is still apparently more closely related to the core sub-dialects of Pahari.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further north in the <a href="/wiki/Neelam_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Neelam Valley">Neelam Valley</a> the dialect, locally also known as <i>Parmi</i>, can more unambiguously be subsumed under Hindko.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkhtarRehman200768_85-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkhtarRehman200768-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another major language of Azad Kashmir is <a href="/wiki/Gujari_language" title="Gujari language">Gujari</a>. It is spoken by several hundred thousand<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>note 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> people among the traditionally nomadic <a href="/wiki/Gujars" class="mw-redirect" title="Gujars">Gujars</a>, many of whom are nowadays settled. Not all ethnic Gujars speak Gujari, the proportion of those who have shifted to other languages is probably higher in southern Azad Kashmir.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHallbergO'Leary199296,_98,_100_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHallbergO'Leary199296,_98,_100-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gujari is most closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Rajasthani_languages" title="Rajasthani languages">Rajasthani languages</a> (particularly <a href="/wiki/Mewati_language" title="Mewati language">Mewati</a>), although it also shares features with Punjabi.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHallbergO'Leary199293–94_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHallbergO'Leary199293–94-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is dispersed over large areas in northern Pakistan and India. Within Pakistan, the Gujari dialects of Azad Kashmir are more similar, in terms of shared basic vocabulary and mutual intelligibility, to the Gujar varieties of the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Hazara_region_(Pakistan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazara region (Pakistan)">Hazara region</a> than to the dialects spoken further to the northwest in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and north in <a href="/wiki/Gilgit_District" title="Gilgit District">Gilgit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHallbergO'Leary1992111–12,_126_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHallbergO'Leary1992111–12,_126-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are scattered communities of <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri</a> speakers,<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> notably in the <a href="/wiki/Neelam_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Neelam Valley">Neelam Valley</a>, where they form the second-largest language group after speakers of Hindko.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkhtarRehman200770_91-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkhtarRehman200770-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have been calls for the teaching of Kashmiri (particularly in order to counter India's claim of promoting the culture of Kashmir), but the limited attempts at introducing the language at the secondary school level have not been successful, and it is Urdu, rather than Kashmiri, that Kashmiri Muslims have seen as their identity symbol.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is an ongoing process of gradual <a href="/wiki/Language_shift" title="Language shift">shift</a> to larger local languages,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERahman1996226_82-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERahman1996226-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but at least in the Neelam Valley there still exist communities for whom Kashmiri is the sole mother tongue.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkhtarRehman200770,_75_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkhtarRehman200770,_75-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are speakers of <a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a> in the southernmost <a href="/wiki/Bhimber_District" title="Bhimber District">district of Bhimber</a>, where they are estimated to represent almost a third of the district's population.<sup id="cite_ref-SYB_2020_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SYB_2020-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the northernmost <a href="/wiki/Neelum_District#Languages" title="Neelum District">district of Neelam</a>, there are small communities of speakers of several other languages. <a href="/wiki/Shina_language" title="Shina language">Shina</a>, which like Kashmiri belongs to the broad <a href="/wiki/Dardic_languages" title="Dardic languages">Dardic</a> group, is present in two distinct varieties spoken altogether in three villages. <a href="/wiki/Pashto" title="Pashto">Pashto</a>, of the <a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian subgroup</a> and the majority language in the neighbouring province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, is spoken in two villages, both situated on the Line of Control. The endangered <a href="/wiki/Kundal_Shahi_language" title="Kundal Shahi language">Kundal Shahi</a> is native to the eponymous village and it is the only language not found outside Azad Kashmir.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkhtarRehman2007_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkhtarRehman2007-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="Economy of Azad Kashmir">Economy of Azad Kashmir</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sharda_Kashmir.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Sharda_Kashmir.jpg/220px-Sharda_Kashmir.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Sharda_Kashmir.jpg/330px-Sharda_Kashmir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Sharda_Kashmir.jpg/440px-Sharda_Kashmir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1893" data-file-height="1348" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Neelum_District" title="Neelum District">Neelum Valley</a> is a tourist destination in Azad Kashmir.</figcaption></figure> <p>As of 2021, GDP of Azad Jammu and Kashmir was estimated to be 10 billion pounds, giving per capita an income of £5604.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Historically the economy of Azad Kashmir has been agricultural which meant that land was the main source or mean of production. This means that all food for immediate and long-term consumption was produced from the land. The produce included various crops, fruits, vegetables, etc. The land was also the source of other livelihood necessities such as wood, fuel, grazing for animals which then turned into dairy products. Because of this land was also the main source of revenue for the governments whose primary purpose for centuries was to accumulate revenue.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Agriculture is a major part of Azad Kashmir's economy. Low-lying areas that have high populations grow crops like <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mangoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Millet" title="Millet">millet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a> (maize), and <a href="/wiki/Wheat" title="Wheat">wheat</a>, and also raise cattle. In the elevated areas that are less populated and more spread out, forestry, corn, and livestock are the main sources of income. There are mineral and marble resources in Azad Kashmir close to <a href="/wiki/Mirpur,_Azad_Kashmir" title="Mirpur, Azad Kashmir">Mirpur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a>. There are also graphite deposits at Mohriwali. There are also reservoirs of low-grade coal, <a href="/wiki/Chalk" title="Chalk">chalk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bauxite" title="Bauxite">bauxite</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">zircon</a>. Local household industries produce carved wooden objects, textiles, and dhurrie carpets.<sup id="cite_ref-brit_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also an arts and crafts industry that produces such cultural goods as namdas, shawls, pashmina, pherans, <a href="/wiki/Papier-m%C3%A2ch%C3%A9" title="Papier-mâché">Papier-mâché</a>, basketry copper, rugs, wood carving, silk and woolen clothing, patto, carpets, namda gubba, and silverware. Agricultural goods produced in the region include mushrooms, honey, walnuts, apples, cherries, medicinal herbs and plants, resin, deodar, kail, chir, fir, maple, and ash timber.<sup id="cite_ref-brit_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ajk144_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ajk144-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:People_having_Fun_at_Munda_Gali_Leepa_AJK.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/People_having_Fun_at_Munda_Gali_Leepa_AJK.jpg/220px-People_having_Fun_at_Munda_Gali_Leepa_AJK.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/People_having_Fun_at_Munda_Gali_Leepa_AJK.jpg/330px-People_having_Fun_at_Munda_Gali_Leepa_AJK.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/People_having_Fun_at_Munda_Gali_Leepa_AJK.jpg/440px-People_having_Fun_at_Munda_Gali_Leepa_AJK.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Munda Gali, <a href="/wiki/Leepa_Valley" title="Leepa Valley">Leepa Valley</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The migration to the UK was accelerated and by the completion of <a href="/wiki/Mangla_Dam" title="Mangla Dam">Mangla Dam</a> in 1967 the process of '<a href="/wiki/Chain_migration" title="Chain migration">chain migration</a>' became in full flow. Today, remittances from <a href="/wiki/British_Mirpuri" class="mw-redirect" title="British Mirpuri">British Mirpuri</a> community make a critical role in AJK's economy. In the mid-1950s various economic and social development processes were launched in Azad Kashmir. In the 1960s, with the construction of the Mangla Dam in <a href="/wiki/Mirpur_District" title="Mirpur District">Mirpur District</a>, the Azad Jammu and Kashmir Government began to receive royalties from the Pakistani government for the electricity that the dam provided to Pakistan. During the mid-2000s, a multibillion-dollar reconstruction began in the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/2005_Kashmir_earthquake" title="2005 Kashmir earthquake">2005 Kashmir earthquake</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dawn.com_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dawn.com-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to agriculture, textiles, and arts and crafts, remittances have played a major role in the economy of Azad Kashmir. One analyst estimated that the figure for Azad Kashmir was 25.1% in 2001. With regard to annual household income, people living in the higher areas are more dependent on remittances than are those living in the lower areas.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the latter part of 2006, billions of dollars for development were mooted by <a href="/wiki/International_aid_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="International aid agencies">international aid agencies</a> for the reconstruction and rehabilitation of earthquake-hit zones in Azad Kashmir, though much of that amount was subsequently lost in bureaucratic channels, leading to considerable delays in help getting to the neediest. Hundreds of people continued to live in tents long after the earthquake.<sup id="cite_ref-dawn.com_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dawn.com-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A land-use plan for the city of <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a> was prepared by the <a href="/wiki/Japan_International_Cooperation_Agency" title="Japan International Cooperation Agency">Japan International Cooperation Agency</a>. </p><p>Tourist destinations in the area include the following: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a></b>, the capital city of Azad Kashmir, is located on the banks of the Jhelum and Neelum rivers. It is 138 km (86 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi" title="Rawalpindi">Rawalpindi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a>. Well-known tourist spots near Muzaffarabad are the <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad_Fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzaffarabad Fort">Red Fort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pirchinassi" class="mw-redirect" title="Pirchinassi">Pir Chinassi</a>, Patika, <a href="/wiki/Subri_Lake" title="Subri Lake">Subri Lake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Awan_Patti" title="Awan Patti">Awan Patti</a>.</li> <li>The <b><a href="/wiki/Neelam_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Neelam Valley">Neelam Valley</a></b> is situated to the north and northeast of Muzaffarabad, The gateway to the valley. The main tourist attractions in the valley are <a href="/wiki/Athmuqam" class="mw-redirect" title="Athmuqam">Athmuqam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kutton" title="Kutton">Kutton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keran,_Azad_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Keran, Azad Kashmir">Keran</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Changan,_Azad_Kashmir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Changan, Azad Kashmir (page does not exist)">Changan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sharda,_Azad_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharda, Azad Kashmir">Sharda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kel,_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Kel, Kashmir">Kel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arang_Kel" title="Arang Kel">Arang Kel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taobat" title="Taobat">Taobat</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Sudhanoti" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudhanoti">Sudhanoti</a></b> is one of the ten districts of Azad Kashmir in Pakistan. Sudhanoti is located 90 km (56 mi) away from Islamabad, the Capital of Pakistan. It is connected with Rawalpindi and Islamabad through Azad Pattan road.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rawalakot" title="Rawalakot">Rawalakot</a></b> city is the headquarters of Poonch District and is located 122 km (76 mi) from Islamabad. Tourist attractions in Poonch District are <a href="/wiki/Banjosa_Lake" title="Banjosa Lake">Banjosa Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Devi_Gali" title="Devi Gali">Devi Gali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tatta_Pani,_Azad_Kashmir" title="Tatta Pani, Azad Kashmir">Tatta Pani</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Toli_Pir" class="mw-redirect" title="Toli Pir">Toli Pir</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bagh,_Azad_Kashmir" title="Bagh, Azad Kashmir">Bagh</a></b> city, the headquarters of Bagh District, is 205 km (127 mi) from Islamabad and 100 km (62 mi) from Muzaffarabad. The principal tourist attractions in Bagh District are Bagh Fort, <a href="/wiki/Dhirkot" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhirkot">Dhirkot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sudhan_Gali" title="Sudhan Gali">Sudhan Gali</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganga_Lake_(Pakistan)" title="Ganga Lake (Pakistan)">Ganga Lake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ganga_Choti" title="Ganga Choti">Ganga Choti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kotla_Waterfall,_Bagh" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotla Waterfall, Bagh">Kotla Waterfall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neela_Butt" title="Neela Butt">Neela Butt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Danna,_Bagh" class="mw-redirect" title="Danna, Bagh">Danna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panjal_Mastan" class="mw-redirect" title="Panjal Mastan">Panjal Mastan</a> National Park, and <a href="/wiki/Las_Danna" title="Las Danna">Las Danna</a>.</li> <li>The <b><a href="/wiki/Leepa_Valley" title="Leepa Valley">Leepa Valley</a></b> is located 105 km (65 mi) southeast of Muzaffarabad. It is the most charming and scenic place for tourists in Azad Kashmir.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/New_Mirpur_City" class="mw-redirect" title="New Mirpur City">New Mirpur City</a></b> is the headquarters of Mirpur District. The main tourist attractions near New Mirpur City are the <a href="/wiki/Mangla_Dam" title="Mangla Dam">Mangla Lake</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ramkot_Fort" title="Ramkot Fort">Ramkot Fort</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mirpur_University_of_Science_and_Technology_(mechanical_department).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f8/Mirpur_University_of_Science_and_Technology_%28mechanical_department%29.jpg/280px-Mirpur_University_of_Science_and_Technology_%28mechanical_department%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f8/Mirpur_University_of_Science_and_Technology_%28mechanical_department%29.jpg/420px-Mirpur_University_of_Science_and_Technology_%28mechanical_department%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f8/Mirpur_University_of_Science_and_Technology_%28mechanical_department%29.jpg/560px-Mirpur_University_of_Science_and_Technology_%28mechanical_department%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1534" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mirpur_University_of_Science_%26_Technology" title="Mirpur University of Science & Technology">Mirpur University of Science and Technology</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The literacy rate in Azad Kashmir was 62% in 2004, higher than in any other region of Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The literacy rate of Azad Kashmir was 76.60% in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It remained at 79.80% in 2019. According to the 2020–2021 census, the literacy rate in Azad Kashmir was 91.34%.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, only 2.2% were graduates, compared to the average of 2.9% for Pakistan.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Universities">Universities</h3></div> <p>The following is a list of universities recognised by <a href="/wiki/Higher_Education_Commission_of_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher Education Commission of Pakistan">Higher Education Commission of Pakistan</a> (HEC):<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left;"> <tbody><tr> <th>University </th> <th>Location(s) </th> <th>Established </th> <th>Type </th> <th>Specialization </th> <th>Website </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mirpur_University_of_Science_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirpur University of Science and Technology">Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mirpur,_Azad_Kashmir" title="Mirpur, Azad Kashmir">Mirpur</a> </td> <td>1980 <small>(2008)*</small> </td> <td>Public </td> <td>Engineering & Technology </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.must.edu.pk/">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir">University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a> </td> <td>1980 </td> <td>Public </td> <td>General </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.ajku.edu.pk/">[2]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir">University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir</a> (Neelam Campus) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Neelam_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Neelam District">Neelum</a> </td> <td>2013 </td> <td>Public </td> <td>General </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131213133609/http://ajku.edu.pk/campus.php?CampusID=2">[3]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir">University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir</a> (Jhelum Valley Campus) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jhelum_Valley_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Jhelum Valley District">Jhelum Valley District</a> </td> <td>2013 </td> <td>Public </td> <td>General </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://jvc.ajku.edu.pk/">[4]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Al-Khair_University" title="Al-Khair University">Al-Khair University</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhimber" title="Bhimber">Bhimber</a> </td> <td>1994 <small>(2011*)</small> </td> <td>Private </td> <td>General </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.alkhair.edu.pk/">[5]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mohi-ud-Din_Islamic_University" title="Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University">Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nerian_Sharif" title="Nerian Sharif">Nerian Sharif</a> </td> <td>2000 </td> <td>Private </td> <td>General </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.miu.edu.pk/">[6]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Poonch" title="University of Poonch">University of Poonch</a> (Rawlakot Campus) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rawalakot" title="Rawalakot">Rawalakot</a> </td> <td>1980 <small>(2012)*</small> </td> <td>Public </td> <td>General </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.upr.edu.pk/index.php">[7]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210805052923/https://www.upr.edu.pk/index.php">Archived</a> August 5, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Poonch" title="University of Poonch">University of Poonch</a> (SM Campus, Mong, Sudhnoti District) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sudhnoti_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Sudhnoti District">Sudhnoti District</a> </td> <td>2014 </td> <td>Public </td> <td>General </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.upr.edu.pk/?option=articles&id=192">[8]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210805052925/https://www.upr.edu.pk/?option=articles&id=192">Archived</a> August 5, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Poonch" title="University of Poonch">University of Poonch</a> (Kahuta Campus, Haveli District) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haveli_District" title="Haveli District">Haveli District</a> </td> <td>2015 </td> <td>Public </td> <td>General </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.upr.edu.pk/?option=articles&id=192">[9]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210805052925/https://www.upr.edu.pk/?option=articles&id=192">Archived</a> August 5, 2021, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Women_University_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_Bagh" class="mw-redirect" title="Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Bagh">Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Bagh</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bagh,_Azad_Kashmir" title="Bagh, Azad Kashmir">Bagh</a> </td> <td>2013 </td> <td>Public </td> <td>General </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.wuajk.edu.pk/">[10]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_of_Management_Sciences_and_Information_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Management Sciences and Information Technology">University of Management Sciences and Information Technology</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kotli,_Azad_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Kotli, Azad Kashmir">Kotli</a> </td> <td>2014 </td> <td>Public </td> <td>General </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141108144942/http://www.umsit.edu.pk/">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mirpur_University_of_Science_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirpur University of Science and Technology">Mirpur University of Science and Technology</a> (Bhimber Campus) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bhimber,_Azad_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Bhimber, Azad Kashmir">Bhimber</a> </td> <td>2013 </td> <td>Public </td> <td>Science & Humanities </td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.must.edu.pk/">[12]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><small>* Granted university status.</small> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cadet_College_Pallandri">Cadet College Pallandri</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cadet_College_Palandri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cadet College Palandri (page does not exist)">Cadet College Palandri</a> is situated about 100 km (62 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Islamabad" title="Islamabad">Islamabad</a></li> <li>Cadet College <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzzaffarabad</a></li> <li>Cadet College <a href="/wiki/Mirpur,_Azad_Kashmir" title="Mirpur, Azad Kashmir">Mirpur</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medical_colleges">Medical colleges</h3></div> <p>The following is a list of undergraduate medical institutions recognised by <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Medical_and_Dental_Council" title="Pakistan Medical and Dental Council">Pakistan Medical and Dental Council</a> (PMDC) as of 2013<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Azad_Kashmir&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohtarma_Benazir_Bhutto_Shaheed_Medical_College" title="Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Medical College">Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Medical College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mirpur,_Azad_Kashmir" title="Mirpur, Azad Kashmir">Mirpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Jammu_Kashmir_Medical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Azad Jammu Kashmir Medical College">Azad Jammu Kashmir Medical College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Muzafarabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Muzafarabad">Muzafarabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonch_Medical_College" title="Poonch Medical College">Poonch Medical College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Rawalakot" title="Rawalakot">Rawalakot</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Private_medical_colleges">Private medical colleges</h4></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mohi-ud-Din_Islamic_Medical_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohi-ud-Din Islamic Medical College">Mohi-ud-Din Islamic Medical College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mirpur,_Azad_Kashmir" title="Mirpur, Azad Kashmir">Mirpur</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2></div> <p>Football, cricket, and volleyball are very popular in Azad Kashmir. Many tournaments are also held throughout the year and in the holy month of <a href="/wiki/Ramadan_(calendar_month)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramadan (calendar month)">Ramazan</a>, night-time flood-lit tournaments are also organised. </p><p>Azad Kashmir has its own <a href="/wiki/Twenty20" title="Twenty20">T20</a> tournament called the <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Premier_League_(Pakistan)" title="Kashmir Premier League (Pakistan)">Kashmir Premier League</a>, which started in 2021. </p><p>New Mirpur City has a cricket stadium (<a href="/wiki/Quaid-e-Azam_Stadium" title="Quaid-e-Azam Stadium">Quaid-e-Azam Stadium</a>) which has been taken over by the <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Cricket_Board" title="Pakistan Cricket Board">Pakistan Cricket Board</a> for renovation to bring it up to the international standards. There is also a cricket stadium in <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a> with a capacity of 8,000 people. This stadium has hosted 8 matches of the Inter-District Under 19 Tournament 2013. </p><p>There are also registered football clubs: </p> <ul><li>Pilot Football Club</li> <li>Youth Football Club</li> <li>Kashmir National FC</li> <li>Azad Super FC</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kashmir" title="Culture of Kashmir">Culture of Kashmir</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">These paragraphs are an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Azad_Kashmir" title="Tourism in Azad Kashmir">Tourism in Azad Kashmir</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tourism_in_Azad_Kashmir&action=edit">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <p>The northern part of Azad Jammu and Kashmir encompasses the lower part of the <a href="/wiki/Himalayas" title="Himalayas">Himalayas</a>, including Jamgarh Peak (15,531 feet, or 4,734 meters). However, <a href="/wiki/Sarwali_Peak" title="Sarwali Peak">Sarwali peak</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Neelum_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Neelum Valley">Neelum Valley</a> is the highest peak in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fertile, green, mountainous valleys are characteristic of Azad Kashmir's geography, making it one of the most beautiful regions on the subcontinent.<sup id="cite_ref-Tourism_in_Azad_Kashmir_brit_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tourism_in_Azad_Kashmir_brit-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The southern parts of Azad Kashmir including Bhimber, Mirpur and Kotli districts has extremely hot weather in summers and moderate cold weather in winters. It receives rains mostly in <a href="/wiki/Monsoon" title="Monsoon">monsoon</a> weather. </p><p>In the central and northern parts of state weather remains moderate hot in summers and very cold and chilly in winter. Snow fall also occurs there in December and January. </p> This region receives rainfall in both winters and summers. <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a> and Pattan are among the wettest areas of the state. Throughout most of the region, the average rainfall exceeds 1400 mm, with the highest average rainfall occurring near Muzaffarabad (around 1800 mm). During summer, monsoon floods of the <a href="/wiki/Jhelum_River" title="Jhelum River">Jhelum</a> and Leepa river are common, due to high rainfall and melting snow.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nisaran_Abbasi" title="Nisaran Abbasi">Nisaran Abbasi</a>, politician</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mujahida_Hussain_Bibi" title="Mujahida Hussain Bibi">Mujahida Hussain Bibi</a>, recipient of <a href="/wiki/Sitara-e-Jurat" title="Sitara-e-Jurat">Sitara-e-Jurat</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maqbool_Hussain" title="Maqbool Hussain">Maqbool Hussain</a>, recipient of <a href="/wiki/Sitara-e-Jurat" title="Sitara-e-Jurat">Sitara-e-Jurat</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saif_Ali_Janjua" title="Saif Ali Janjua">Saif Ali Janjua</a>, recipient of <a href="/wiki/Nishan-e-Haider" title="Nishan-e-Haider">Nishan-e-Haider</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Khan_(general)" title="Aziz Khan (general)">Aziz Khan</a>, 11th <a href="/wiki/Chairman_Joint_Chiefs_of_Staff_Committee" title="Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee">Chairman Joint Chief of Staff Committee</a> (CJCSC) of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Armed_Forces" title="Pakistan Armed Forces">Pakistan Armed Forces</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Muhammad_Khan" title="Khan Muhammad Khan">Khan Muhammad Khan</a>, politician from <a href="/wiki/Poonch_District,_Pakistan" title="Poonch District, Pakistan">Poonch</a> who served as the Chairman of the War Council during the <a href="/wiki/1947_Poonch_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="1947 Poonch Rebellion">1947 Poonch Rebellion</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Hayyat_Khan" title="Muhammad Hayyat Khan">Muhammad Hayyat Khan</a>, former President of Azad Kashmir.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardar_Ibrahim_Khan" title="Sardar Ibrahim Khan">Sardar Ibrahim Khan</a>, first and longest-serving President of Azad Kashmir.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masood_Khan" title="Masood Khan">Masood Khan</a>, former President of Azad Kashmir and current <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_Pakistan_to_the_United_States" title="List of ambassadors of Pakistan to the United States">Pakistani ambassador to the United States</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaman_Khan" title="Zaman Khan">Zaman Khan</a>, cricketer currently playing for the <a href="/wiki/Pakistani_national_cricket_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Pakistani national cricket team">Pakistani national cricket team</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_Mahmood_(British_politician)" title="Khalid Mahmood (British politician)">Khalid Mahmood</a>, British politician and Labour MP for <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Perry_Barr" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmingham Perry Barr">Birmingham Perry Barr</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irfan_Sabir" title="Irfan Sabir">Irfan Sabir</a>, Canadian politician and NDP MLA for <a href="/wiki/Calgary-Bhullar-McCall" title="Calgary-Bhullar-McCall">Calgary-Bhullar-McCall</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Yasin_(politician)" title="Mohammad Yasin (politician)">Mohammad Yasin</a>, British politician and Labour MP for <a href="/wiki/Bedford_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Bedford (UK Parliament constituency)">Bedford</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Saroop_Khan" title="Raja Saroop Khan">Raja Saroop Khan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_general_(Pakistan)" title="Lieutenant general (Pakistan)">Lt General</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Army" title="Pakistan Army">Pakistan Army</a> served the <a href="/wiki/II_Corps_(Pakistan)" title="II Corps (Pakistan)">Corps Commander Multan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Governor of Punjab, Pakistan">Governor of Punjab</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/48px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/64px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Pakistan" title="Portal:Pakistan">Pakistan portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Pakistan" title="Northern Pakistan">Northern Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_Census_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="1941 Census of Jammu and Kashmir">1941 Census of Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Azad_Kashmir" title="Tourism in Azad Kashmir">Tourism in Azad Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cultural_heritage_sites_in_Azad_Kashmir" title="List of cultural heritage sites in Azad Kashmir">List of cultural heritage sites in Azad Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Karakoram_Tract" title="Trans-Karakoram Tract">Trans-Karakoram Tract</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">According to the <a href="/wiki/Interim_Constitution_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_(1974)" title="Interim Constitution of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (1974)">Constitution of Azad Jammu and Kashmir</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The government of Azad Kashmir refers to the majority dialect of the state simply as <i>Pahari</i> while the population continues to use various terms for identification of their dialects.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The official with direct involvement in the affair was the Commissioner of <a href="/wiki/Rawalpindi_Division" title="Rawalpindi Division">Rawalpindi Division</a>, Khawaja Abdul Rahim. He was assisted by <a href="/wiki/Nasim_Jahan" title="Nasim Jahan">Nasim Jahan</a>, the wife of Colonel <a href="/wiki/Akbar_Khan_(Pakistani_general)" title="Akbar Khan (Pakistani general)">Akbar Khan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESaraf,_Kashmiris_Fight_for_Freedom,_Volume_22015547_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESaraf,_Kashmiris_Fight_for_Freedom,_Volume_22015547-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Officially, the Mirpur and Poonch districts were in the Jammu province of the state and Muzaffarabad was in the Kashmir province. All three provinces spoke <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a> <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_dialects_and_languages" title="Punjabi dialects and languages">dialects</a> or Punjabi-related languages (in the case of <a href="/wiki/Dogri_language" title="Dogri language">Dogri</a>), not the <a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Kashmiri language</a> spoken in the <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Valley" title="Kashmir Valley">Kashmir Valley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSnedden2013">Snedden 2013</a>, p. 176: On p. 29, the census report states that Urdu is the official language of the government of Azad Kashmir, with Kashmiri, Pahari, Gojri, Punjabi, Kohistani, Pushto, and Sheena 'frequently spoken in Azad Kashmir'. Yet, when surveyed about their 'mother tongue', Azad Kashmiris' choices were limited to selecting from Pakistan's major languages: Urdu, Punjabi, Sindhi, Pushto, Balochi, Saraiki, and 'others'; not surprisingly, 2.18 million of Azad Kashmir's 2.97 million people chose 'others'.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHallbergO'Leary1992">Hallberg & O'Leary (1992</a>, p. 96) report two rough estimates for the total population of Gujari speakers in Azad Kashmir: 200,000 and 700,000, both from the 1980s.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-tertiary-kashmir-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tertiary-kashmir_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tertiary-kashmir_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a> and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:TERTIARY" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:TERTIARY">tertiary sources</a> (a) through (e), reflecting <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:DUE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:DUE">due weight</a> in the coverage. Although "controlled" and "held" are also applied neutrally to the names of the disputants or to the regions administered by them, as evidenced in sources (h) through (i) below, "held" is also considered politicized usage, as is the term "occupied" (see (j) below). <div><ol style="list-style-type:lower-alpha"><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent"><i>Kashmir, region Indian subcontinent</i></a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Encyclopaedia_Britannica" class="mw-redirect" title="Encyclopaedia Britannica">Encyclopaedia Britannica</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190813203817/https://www.britannica.com/place/Kashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent">archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 15,</span> 2019</span>, <q>Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, the last two being part of a territory called the Northern Areas. Administered by India are the southern and southeastern portions, which constitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir but are slated to be split into two union territories.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kashmir%2C+region+Indian+subcontinent&rft.pub=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FKashmir-region-Indian-subcontinent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPletcher" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Pletcher, Kenneth. <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Aksai-Chin">"Aksai Chin, Plateau Region, Asia"</a></span>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190402090308/https://www.britannica.com/place/Aksai-Chin">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2019</span>. <q>Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, at the northernmost extent of the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia. It constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India to be part of the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir state.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aksai+Chin%2C+Plateau+Region%2C+Asia&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.aulast=Pletcher&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FAksai-Chin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBosworth2006" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Bosworth, C. E. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l_cWAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA328">"Kashmir"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Americana</i>. Scholastic. p. 328. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7172-0139-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7172-0139-6"><bdi>978-0-7172-0139-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117135716/https://books.google.com/books?id=l_cWAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA328">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 20,</span> 2019</span>. <q>KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered partlv by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in 1947</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Kashmir&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.pages=328&rft.pub=Scholastic&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7172-0139-6&rft.aulast=Bosworth&rft.aufirst=C.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl_cWAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsmańczyk2003" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Osmańczyk, Edmund Jan (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIMXHMdfkkC&pg=PA1191">"Jammu and Kashmir"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia of the United Nations and International Agreements</i>. Vol. G to M. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. pp. 1191ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93922-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-93922-5"><bdi>978-0-415-93922-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117140437/https://books.google.com/books?id=fSIMXHMdfkkC&pg=PA1191">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2023</span>. <q>Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jammu+and+Kashmir&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+United+Nations+and+International+Agreements&rft.pages=1191ff.&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-415-93922-5&rft.aulast=Osma%C5%84czyk&rft.aufirst=Edmund+Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfSIMXHMdfkkC%26pg%3DPA1191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTalbot2016" class="citation book cs1">Talbot, Ian (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eNg_CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA28"><i>A History of Modern South Asia: Politics, States, Diasporas</i></a>. Yale University Press. pp. 28–29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-19694-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-19694-8"><bdi>978-0-300-19694-8</bdi></a>. <q>We move from a disputed international border to a dotted line on the map that represents a military border not recognized in international law. The line of control separates the Indian and Pakistani administered areas of the former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+South+Asia%3A+Politics%2C+States%2C+Diasporas&rft.pages=28-29&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-300-19694-8&rft.aulast=Talbot&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeNg_CwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkutsch2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Skutsch, Carl (2015) [2007]. "China: Border War with India, 1962". In Ciment, James (ed.). <i>Encyclopedia of Conflicts Since World War II</i> (2nd ed.). London and New York: Routledge. p. 573. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-8005-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7656-8005-1"><bdi>978-0-7656-8005-1</bdi></a>. <q>The situation between the two nations was complicated by the 1957–1959 uprising by Tibetans against Chinese rule. Refugees poured across the Indian border, and the Indian public was outraged. Any compromise with China on the border issue became impossible. Similarly, China was offended that India had given political asylum to the Dalai Lama when he fled across the border in March 1959. In late 1959, there were shots fired between border patrols operating along both the ill-defined McMahon Line and in the Aksai Chin.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=China%3A+Border+War+with+India%2C+1962&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Conflicts+Since+World+War+II&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pages=573&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0-7656-8005-1&rft.aulast=Skutsch&rft.aufirst=Carl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClary2022" class="citation book cs1">Clary, Christopher (2022). <i>The Difficult Politics of Peace: Rivalry in Modern South Asia</i>. Oxford and New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780197638408" title="Special:BookSources/9780197638408"><bdi>9780197638408</bdi></a>. <q>Territorial Dispute: The situation along the Sino-Indian frontier continued to worsen. In late July (1959), an Indian reconnaissance patrol was blocked, 'apprehended', and eventually expelled after three weeks in custody at the hands of a larger Chinese force near Khurnak Fort in Aksai Chin. ... Circumstances worsened further in October 1959, when a major class at Kongka Pass in eastern Ladakh led to nine dead and ten captured Indian border personnel, making it by far the most serious Sino-Indian class since India's independence.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Difficult+Politics+of+Peace%3A+Rivalry+in+Modern+South+Asia&rft.place=Oxford+and+New+York&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9780197638408&rft.aulast=Clary&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBose2009" class="citation book cs1">Bose, Sumantra (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3ACMe9WBdNAC&pg=PA294"><i>Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace</i></a>. Harvard University Press. pp. 294, 291, 293. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02855-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02855-5"><bdi>978-0-674-02855-5</bdi></a>. <q>J&K: Jammu and Kashmir. The former princely state that is the subject of the Kashmir dispute. Besides IJK (Indian-controlled Jammu and Kashmir. The larger and more populous part of the former princely state. It has a population of slightly over 10 million, and comprises three regions: Kashmir Valley, Jammu, and Ladakh.) and AJK ('Azad' (Free) Jammu and Kashmir. The more populous part of Pakistani-controlled J&K, with a population of approximately 2.5 million.), it includes the sparsely populated 'Northern Areas' of Gilgit and Baltistan, remote mountainous regions which are directly administered, unlike AJK, by the Pakistani central authorities, and some high-altitude uninhabitable tracts under Chinese control.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kashmir%3A+Roots+of+Conflict%2C+Paths+to+Peace&rft.pages=294%2C+291%2C+293&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-674-02855-5&rft.aulast=Bose&rft.aufirst=Sumantra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3ACMe9WBdNAC%26pg%3DPA294&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher2018" class="citation book cs1">Fisher, Michael H. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kZVuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA166"><i>An Environmental History of India: From Earliest Times to the Twenty-First Century</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 166. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-11162-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-11162-2"><bdi>978-1-107-11162-2</bdi></a>. <q>Kashmir's identity remains hotly disputed with a UN-supervised 'Line of Control' still separating Pakistani-held Azad ('Free') Kashmir from Indian-held Kashmir.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Environmental+History+of+India%3A+From+Earliest+Times+to+the+Twenty-First+Century&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-107-11162-2&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Michael+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkZVuDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnedden2015" class="citation book cs1">Snedden, Christopher (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5amKCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10"><i>Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-621-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-621-3"><bdi>978-1-84904-621-3</bdi></a>. <q>Some politicised terms also are used to describe parts of J&K. These terms include the words 'occupied' and 'held'.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Kashmir+and+Kashmiris&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-84904-621-3&rft.aulast=Snedden&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5amKCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li></ol></div></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brit-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brit_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brit_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/46696/Azad-Kashmir">"Azad Kashmir"</a>. <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150518091415/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/46696/Azad-Kashmir">Archived</a> from the original on May 18, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Azad+Kashmir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F46696%2FAzad-Kashmir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-11693674">"Kashmir profile"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. November 26, 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150716152335/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-11693674">Archived</a> from the original on July 16, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Kashmir+profile&rft.date=2014-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-south-asia-11693674&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tribune.com.pk-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tribune.com.pk_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tribune.com.pk_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTahir" class="citation news cs1">Tahir, Pervez. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tribune.com.pk/story/1468026/education-spending-ajk/">"Education spending in AJK"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Express_Tribune" title="The Express Tribune">The Express Tribune</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220320050911/https://tribune.com.pk/story/1468026/education-spending-ajk">Archived</a> from the original on March 20, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Express+Tribune&rft.atitle=Education+spending+in+AJK&rft.aulast=Tahir&rft.aufirst=Pervez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftribune.com.pk%2Fstory%2F1468026%2Feducation-spending-ajk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalDataLab-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">"Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab"</a>. <i>hdi.globaldatalab.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">Archived</a> from the original on September 23, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdi.globaldatalab.org&rft.atitle=Sub-national+HDI+-+Area+Database+-+Global+Data+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdi.globaldatalab.org%2Fareadata%2Fshdi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bose-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bose_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBose2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sumantra_Bose" title="Sumantra Bose">Bose, Sumantra</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KKZcgOJPjVkC&pg=PA193"><i>Contested Lands</i></a>. Harvard University Press. p. 193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02856-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02856-2"><bdi>978-0-674-02856-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117135716/https://books.google.com/books?id=KKZcgOJPjVkC&pg=PA193">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2016</span>. <q>Azad Kashmir – 'Free Kashmir', the more populated and nominally self-governing part of Pakistani-controlled Kashmir</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contested+Lands&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-674-02856-2&rft.aulast=Bose&rft.aufirst=Sumantra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKKZcgOJPjVkC%26pg%3DPA193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201023091736/https://www.lexico.com/definition/azad_kashmir">"Azad Kashmir"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lexico" title="Lexico">Lexico</a> UK English Dictionary</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexico.com/definition/Azad_Kashmir">the original</a> on October 23, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Azad+Kashmir&rft.btitle=Lexico+UK+English+Dictionary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexico.com%2Fdefinition%2FAzad_Kashmir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-self-governing-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-self-governing_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBirdVaillancourt2008" class="citation book cs1">Bird, Richard M.; Vaillancourt, François (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_wraZ5HEMasC&pg=PA127"><i>Fiscal Decentralization in Developing Countries</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. pp. 127ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-10158-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-10158-5"><bdi>978-0-521-10158-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117135716/https://books.google.com/books?id=_wraZ5HEMasC&pg=PA127">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 15,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fiscal+Decentralization+in+Developing+Countries&rft.pages=127ff.&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-521-10158-5&rft.aulast=Bird&rft.aufirst=Richard+M.&rft.au=Vaillancourt%2C+Fran%C3%A7ois&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_wraZ5HEMasC%26pg%3DPA127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBose2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sumantra_Bose" title="Sumantra Bose">Bose, Sumantra</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KKZcgOJPjVkC&pg=PA193"><i>Contested Lands</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. p. 193. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02856-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-02856-2"><bdi>978-0-674-02856-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117135716/https://books.google.com/books?id=KKZcgOJPjVkC&pg=PA193">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 21,</span> 2016</span>. <q>Azad Kashmir – 'Free Kashmir', the more populated and nominally self-governing part of Pakistani-controlled Kashmir</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contested+Lands&rft.pages=193&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-674-02856-2&rft.aulast=Bose&rft.aufirst=Sumantra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKKZcgOJPjVkC%26pg%3DPA193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150725012628/http://herald.dawn.com/news/1153046">"Territorial limits"</a>. <i>Herald</i>. May 7, 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://herald.dawn.com/news/1153046">the original</a> on July 25, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2015</span>. <q>These are self-ruled autonomous regions. But restrictions apply.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Herald&rft.atitle=Territorial+limits&rft.date=2015-05-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fherald.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1153046&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Azad-Kashmir">"Azad Kashmir"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201012065802/https://www.britannica.com/place/Azad-Kashmir">Archived</a> from the original on October 12, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(May 2015)">unreliable source?</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_Resolution_47-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UN_Resolution_47_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://daccess-ods.un.org/access.nsf/Get?Open&DS=S%2FRES%2F47%20%281948%29&Lang=E&Area=RESOLUTION">"UN resolution 47"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150903183750/http://daccess-ods.un.org/access.nsf/Get?Open&DS=S%2FRES%2F47%20%281948%29&Lang=E&Area=RESOLUTION">Archived</a> from the original on September 3, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 11,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+resolution+47&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdaccess-ods.un.org%2Faccess.nsf%2FGet%3FOpen%26DS%3DS%252FRES%252F47%2520%25281948%2529%26Lang%3DE%26Area%3DRESOLUTION&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071013165623/http://www.indianembassy.org/policy/Kashmir/uncip%28s1100%29.htm">"UNCIP Resolution of August 13, 1948 (S/1100) – Embassy of India, Washington, D.C."</a> Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indianembassy.org/policy/Kashmir/uncip(s1100).htm">the original</a> on October 13, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNCIP+Resolution+of+August+13%2C+1948+%28S%2F1100%29+%E2%80%93+Embassy+of+India%2C+Washington%2C+D.C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indianembassy.org%2Fpolicy%2FKashmir%2Funcip%28s1100%29.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESnedden2013pp._120,_121,_122-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnedden2013pp._120,_121,_122_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSnedden2013">Snedden 2013</a>, pp. 120, 121, 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cambridge_University_Press-2018-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cambridge_University_Press-2018_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cambridge_University_Press-2018_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZutshi2018" class="citation book cs1">Zutshi, Chitralekha, ed. (2018). <i>Kashmir: history, politics, representation</i>. Cambridge New York NY Port Melbourne New Delhi Singapore: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-108-40210-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-108-40210-1"><bdi>978-1-108-40210-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kashmir%3A+history%2C+politics%2C+representation&rft.place=Cambridge+New+York+NY+Port+Melbourne+New+Delhi+Singapore&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-108-40210-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thefridaytimes.com/14-May-2024/understanding-the-protest-movement-in-azad-jammu-kashmir">"Understanding The Protest Movement In Azad Jammu & Kashmir"</a>. <i>The Friday Times</i>. 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March 26, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160327084943/http://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/azad-kashmir-india-pakistan-pakistan-peoples-party-ppp-nawaz-sharif/">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 26,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=How+free+is+Azad+Kashsmir&rft.date=2016-03-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Findianexpress.com%2Farticle%2Fopinion%2Fcolumns%2Fazad-kashmir-india-pakistan-pakistan-peoples-party-ppp-nawaz-sharif%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/news/apr/18pak.htm">"Rediff on the NeT: PoK not part of its territory: Pakistan"</a>. <i>www.rediff.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190719113350/http://www.rediff.com/news/apr/18pak.htm">Archived</a> from the original on July 19, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rediff.com&rft.atitle=Rediff+on+the+NeT%3A+PoK+not+part+of+its+territory%3A+Pakistan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fnews%2Fapr%2F18pak.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFErshad2006" class="citation web cs1">Ershad, Mahmud (September 1, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ips.org.pk/status-of-ajk-in-political-milieu/">"Status of AJK in Political Milieu"</a>. <i>Institute of Policy Studies</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230517074017/https://www.ips.org.pk/status-of-ajk-in-political-milieu/">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2023</span>. <q>There is a consensus that AJK does not belong to Pakistan geographically yet it is not an independent state either.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Institute+of+Policy+Studies&rft.atitle=Status+of+AJK+in+Political+Milieu&rft.date=2006-09-01&rft.aulast=Ershad&rft.aufirst=Mahmud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ips.org.pk%2Fstatus-of-ajk-in-political-milieu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ajk144-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ajk144_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ajk144_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ajk144_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927000235/http://www.ajk.gov.pk/site/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=2257&Itemid=144">"Azad Jammu and Kashmir – Introduction"</a>. 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Pt. 2, Tables"</a>. 1901. p. 20. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25366883">saoa.crl.25366883</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India+1901.+Vol.+23A%2C+Kashmir.+Pt.+2%2C+Tables.&rft.pages=20&rft.date=1901&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25366883%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25366883&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1911-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1911_62-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25394111">"Census of India 1911. Vol. 20, Kashmir. Pt. 2, Tables"</a>. 1911. p. 17. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25394111">saoa.crl.25394111</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India+1911.+Vol.+20%2C+Kashmir.+Pt.+2%2C+Tables.&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1911&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25394111%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25394111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1921-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1921_63-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430177">"Census of India 1921. Vol. 22, Kashmir. Pt. 2, Tables"</a>. 1921. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25430177">saoa.crl.25430177</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India+1921.+Vol.+22%2C+Kashmir.+Pt.+2%2C+Tables.&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1921&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25430177%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25430177&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1931-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1931_64-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25797120">"Census of India 1931. Vol. 24, Jammu & Kashmir State. Pt. 2, Imperial & state tables"</a>. 1931. p. 267. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.25797120">saoa.crl.25797120</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India+1931.+Vol.+24%2C+Jammu+%26+Kashmir+State.+Pt.+2%2C+Imperial+%26+state+tables.&rft.pages=267&rft.date=1931&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25797120%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.25797120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1941-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1941_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215644">"Census of India, 1941. Vol. 22, Jammu & Kashmir"</a>. 1941. pp. 337–352. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.28215644">saoa.crl.28215644</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 3,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Census+of+India%2C+1941.+Vol.+22%2C+Jammu+%26+Kashmir&rft.pages=337-352&rft.date=1941&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.28215644%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fsaoa.crl.28215644&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnedden2015" class="citation book cs1">Snedden, Christopher (September 15, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a19eCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT23"><i>Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 21–24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-622-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-622-0"><bdi>978-1-84904-622-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117135720/https://books.google.com/books?id=a19eCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT23">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2018</span>. <q>Confusingly, the term 'Kashmiri' also has wider connotations and uses. Some people in Azad Kashmir call themselves 'Kashmiris' This is despite most Azad Kashmiris not being of Kashmiri ethnicity. Indeed, most of their ethnic, cultural and historical links have been, and remain, with areas to the south and west of Azad Kashmir, chiefly Punjab and the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP), now called Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. Nevertheless, Azad Kashmiris call themselves Kashmiris because of their region's historical connections with the former princely state of J&K that popularly was called Kashmir. Some Azad Kashmiris also call themselves Kashmiris simply because their region's official name, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, has the word Kashmir in it. (Using the same logic, Azad Kashmiris could call themselves "'Jammuites', which historically and culturally would be more accurate, or even 'Azadi- ites'.)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Kashmir+and+Kashmiris&rft.pages=21-24&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015-09-15&rft.isbn=978-1-84904-622-0&rft.aulast=Snedden&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da19eCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKennedy2004" class="citation book cs1">Kennedy, Charles H. (August 2, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nEqRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA153">"Pakistan: Ethnic Diversity and Colonial Legacy"</a>. In John Coakley (ed.). <i>The Territorial Management of Ethnic Conflict</i>. Routledge. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781135764425" title="Special:BookSources/9781135764425"><bdi>9781135764425</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117135718/https://books.google.com/books?id=nEqRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA153">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pakistan%3A+Ethnic+Diversity+and+Colonial+Legacy&rft.btitle=The+Territorial+Management+of+Ethnic+Conflict&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2004-08-02&rft.isbn=9781135764425&rft.aulast=Kennedy&rft.aufirst=Charles+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnEqRAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Snedden2015-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Snedden2015_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristopher_Snedden2015" class="citation book cs1">Christopher Snedden (September 15, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a19eCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT23"><i>Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris</i></a>. Hurst. pp. 21–24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-622-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-622-0"><bdi>978-1-84904-622-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117135720/https://books.google.com/books?id=a19eCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT23">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Kashmir+and+Kashmiris&rft.pages=21-24&rft.pub=Hurst&rft.date=2015-09-15&rft.isbn=978-1-84904-622-0&rft.au=Christopher+Snedden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da19eCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJabeenMalik2014" class="citation cs2">Jabeen, Nazish; Malik, Sajid (June 2014), "Consanguinity and Its Sociodemographic Differentials in Bhimber District, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan", <i>Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition</i>, <b>32</b> (2): 301–313, <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4216966">4216966</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25076667">25076667</a>, <q>Kashmiri population in the northeast of Pakistan has strong historical, cultural and linguistic affinities with the neighbouring populations of upper Punjab and Potohar region of Pakistan.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Health%2C+Population%2C+and+Nutrition&rft.atitle=Consanguinity+and+Its+Sociodemographic+Differentials+in+Bhimber+District%2C+Azad+Jammu+and+Kashmir%2C+Pakistan&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=301-313&rft.date=2014-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4216966%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25076667&rft.aulast=Jabeen&rft.aufirst=Nazish&rft.au=Malik%2C+Sajid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallard1991" class="citation cs2">Ballard, Roger (March 2, 1991), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034904/http://casas.org.uk/papers/pdfpapers/kashmir.pdf">"Kashmir Crisis: View from Mirpur"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i><a href="/wiki/Economic_and_Political_Weekly" title="Economic and Political Weekly">Economic and Political Weekly</a></i>, <b>26</b> (9/10): 513–517, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4397403">4397403</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://casas.org.uk/papers/pdfpapers/kashmir.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on March 4, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2020</span>, <q>... they are best seen as forming the eastern and northern limits of the Potohari Punjabi culture which is otherwise characteristic of the upland parts of Rawalpindi and Jhelum Districts</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+and+Political+Weekly&rft.atitle=Kashmir+Crisis%3A+View+from+Mirpur&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=9%2F10&rft.pages=513-517&rft.date=1991-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4397403%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Ballard&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcasas.org.uk%2Fpapers%2Fpdfpapers%2Fkashmir.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSyed_Ali1998" class="citation book cs1">Syed Ali (1998). "South Asia: The Perils of Covert Coercion". In Lawrence Freedman (ed.). <i>Strategic Coercion: Concepts and Cases</i>. Oxford University Press. p. 253. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-829349-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-829349-6"><bdi>0-19-829349-6</bdi></a>. <q>Poonch at the time of partition was predominantly Muslim and the overwhelming majority of them were Sudhans, who were descendants of Pashtuns of Afghanistan, settled in the region some centuries ago.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=South+Asia%3A+The+Perils+of+Covert+Coercion&rft.btitle=Strategic+Coercion%3A+Concepts+and+Cases&rft.pages=253&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-19-829349-6&rft.au=Syed+Ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESnedden2013p._43:_"Sudhans_from_Poonch_considered_themselves_to_be_''Sudho_Zai''_Pathans_(Pukhtoons),_which_explained_why_the_[[Pashtuns|Pashtun]]_tribesmen_from_NWFP_province_lost_no_time_coming_to_help_Jammu_and_Kashmir's_Muslims_in_1947.."-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESnedden2013p._43:_"Sudhans_from_Poonch_considered_themselves_to_be_''Sudho_Zai''_Pathans_(Pukhtoons),_which_explained_why_the_[[Pashtuns|Pashtun]]_tribesmen_from_NWFP_province_lost_no_time_coming_to_help_Jammu_and_Kashmir's_Muslims_in_1947.."_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSnedden2013">Snedden 2013</a>, p. 43: "Sudhans from Poonch considered themselves to be <i>Sudho Zai</i> Pathans (Pukhtoons), which explained why the <a href="/wiki/Pashtuns" title="Pashtuns">Pashtun</a> tribesmen from NWFP province lost no time coming to help Jammu and Kashmir's Muslims in 1947..".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Role_of_Biradaris-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-The_Role_of_Biradaris_73-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Role_of_Biradaris_73-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Role_of_Biradaris_73-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Role_of_Biradaris_73-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Role_of_Biradaris_73-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-The_Role_of_Biradaris_73-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a href="#CITEREFSnedden2013">Snedden 2013</a>, Role of Biradaries (pp. 128–133)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poonch_Profile-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Poonch_Profile_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poonch_Profile_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poonch_Profile_74-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Poonch_Profile_74-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924001855/http://www.erra.pk/Reports/KMC/RawlakotProfile200907.pdf">"District Profile - Rawalakot/Poonch"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority. July 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erra.pk/Reports/KMC/RawlakotProfile200907.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=District+Profile+-+Rawalakot%2FPoonch&rft.pub=Earthquake+Reconstruction+and+Rehabilitation+Authority&rft.date=2007-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erra.pk%2FReports%2FKMC%2FRawlakotProfile200907.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bagh_Profile-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bagh_Profile_75-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bagh_Profile_75-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bagh_Profile_75-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bagh_Profile_75-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924001853/http://www.erra.pk/Reports/KMC/BaghProfile200907.pdf">"District Profile - Bagh"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Earthquake Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Authority. June 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.erra.pk/Reports/KMC/BaghProfile200907.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 24, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=District+Profile+-+Bagh&rft.pub=Earthquake+Reconstruction+and+Rehabilitation+Authority&rft.date=2007-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.erra.pk%2FReports%2FKMC%2FBaghProfile200907.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hrw.org-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hrw.org_76-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hrw.org_76-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hrw.org_76-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hrw.org_76-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/reports/2006/pakistan0906/3.htm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"With Friends Like These...": Human Rights Violations in Azad Kashmir: II. Background"</a>. Human Rights Watch. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308175448/https://www.hrw.org/reports/2006/pakistan0906/3.htm">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%22With+Friends+Like+These...%22%3A+Human+Rights+Violations+in+Azad+Kashmir%3A+II.+Background&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Freports%2F2006%2Fpakistan0906%2F3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnedden2012" class="citation book cs1">Snedden, Christopher (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=autVo01f2AsC"><i>The Untold Story of the People of Azad Kashmir</i></a>. Columbia University Press. p. xix. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231800204" title="Special:BookSources/9780231800204"><bdi>9780231800204</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117135718/https://books.google.com/books?id=autVo01f2AsC">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2019</span>. <q>Sudhan/Sudhozai – one of the main tribes of (southern) Poonch, allegedly originating from Pashtun areas.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Untold+Story+of+the+People+of+Azad+Kashmir&rft.pages=xix&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780231800204&rft.aulast=Snedden&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DautVo01f2AsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoss2006" class="citation news cs1">Moss, Paul (November 30, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6178092.stm">"South Asia | The limits to integration"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070830120420/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/6178092.stm">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 5,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=South+Asia+%26%23124%3B+The+limits+to+integration&rft.date=2006-11-30&rft.aulast=Moss&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fsouth_asia%2F6178092.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Snedden_20152-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Snedden_20152_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnedden2015" class="citation book cs1">Snedden, Christopher (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a19eCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT23"><i>Understanding Kashmir and Kashmiris</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-622-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-622-0"><bdi>978-1-84904-622-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230117135720/https://books.google.com/books?id=a19eCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT23">Archived</a> from the original on January 17, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Kashmir+and+Kashmiris&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-84904-622-0&rft.aulast=Snedden&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da19eCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SYB_2020-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SYB_2020_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SYB_2020_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pndajk.gov.pk/uploadfiles/downloads/Statistical%20Year%20Book%202020.pdf"><i>Statistical Year Book 2020</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Muzaffarabad: AJ&K Bureau Of Statistics. pp. 131, 140. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.pndajk.gov.pk/uploadfiles/downloads/Statistical%20Year%20Book%202020.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Statistical+Year+Book+2020&rft.place=Muzaffarabad&rft.pages=131%2C+140&rft.pub=AJ%26K+Bureau+Of+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pndajk.gov.pk%2Fuploadfiles%2Fdownloads%2FStatistical%2520Year%2520Book%25202020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERahman1996226-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERahman1996226_82-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERahman1996226_82-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRahman1996">Rahman 1996</a>, p. 226.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The preceding paragraph is mostly based on <a href="#CITEREFLothersLothers2010">Lothers & Lothers (2010)</a>. For further references, see the bibliography in <a href="/wiki/Pahari-Pothwari" title="Pahari-Pothwari">Pahari-Pothwari</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkhtarRehman200768-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkhtarRehman200768_85-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkhtarRehman2007">Akhtar & Rehman 2007</a>, p. 68. The conclusion is based on lexical similarity and the comparison is with the Hindko of the <a href="/wiki/Kaghan_Valley" title="Kaghan Valley">Kaghan Valley</a> and with the Pahari of the Murree Hills.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHallbergO'Leary199296,_98,_100-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHallbergO'Leary199296,_98,_100_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHallbergO'Leary1992">Hallberg & O'Leary 1992</a>, pp. 96, 98, 100.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHallbergO'Leary199293–94-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHallbergO'Leary199293–94_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHallbergO'Leary1992">Hallberg & O'Leary 1992</a>, pp. 93–94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHallbergO'Leary1992111–12,_126-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHallbergO'Leary1992111–12,_126_89-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHallbergO'Leary1992">Hallberg & O'Leary 1992</a>, pp. 111–12, 126.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRahman2002">Rahman 2002</a>, p. 449; <a href="#CITEREFRahman1996">Rahman 1996</a>, p. 226</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkhtarRehman200770-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkhtarRehman200770_91-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkhtarRehman2007">Akhtar & Rehman 2007</a>, p. 70.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRahman1996">Rahman 1996</a>, p. 226; <a href="#CITEREFRahman2002">Rahman 2002</a>, pp. 449–50. The discussion in both cases is in the broader context of Pakistan.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkhtarRehman200770,_75-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkhtarRehman200770,_75_93-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkhtarRehman2007">Akhtar & Rehman 2007</a>, pp. 70, 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAkhtarRehman2007-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAkhtarRehman2007_94-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAkhtarRehman2007">Akhtar & Rehman 2007</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.ajk.gov.pk">http://www.ajk.gov.pk</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150510132029/http://ajk.gov.pk/">Archived</a> May 10, 2015, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> › ajk-at-a-glance|Ajk At A Glance-AJ&K Official Portal - Ajk Gov</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100411051833/http://www.pndajk.gov.pk/history.asp">"History of Planning & Development Department in AJK"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pndajk.gov.pk/history.asp">the original</a> on April 11, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Planning+%26+Development+Department+in+AJK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pndajk.gov.pk%2Fhistory.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080529093455/http://www.ajk.gov.pk/tourism/administrative.html">"Azad Jammu & Kashmir – Tourism"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 14,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sarwali+Peak+%286326+m%29+%E2%80%93+Highest+Peak+in+Kashmir+%28AJK%29+%26%23124%3B+Pakistan+Alpine+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pakistanalpine.com%2Fsarwali-peak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tourism_in_Azad_Kashmir_brit-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tourism_in_Azad_Kashmir_brit_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/46696/Azad-Kashmir#">Azad Kashmir</a>" at britannica.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614060542/http://pakistantimes.net/2004/08/24/kashmir5.htm">"Pakistani Times"</a>. Pakistantimes.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pakistantimes.net/2004/08/24/kashmir5.htm">the original</a> on June 14, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pakistani+Times&rft.pub=Pakistantimes.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpakistantimes.net%2F2004%2F08%2F24%2Fkashmir5.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Sources</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkhtarRehman2007" class="citation journal cs1">Akhtar, Raja Nasim; Rehman, Khawaja A. (2007). "The Languages of the Neelam Valley". <i>Kashmir Journal of Language Research</i>. <b>10</b> (1): 65–84. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1028-6640">1028-6640</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kashmir+Journal+of+Language+Research&rft.atitle=The+Languages+of+the+Neelam+Valley&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=65-84&rft.date=2007&rft.issn=1028-6640&rft.aulast=Akhtar&rft.aufirst=Raja+Nasim&rft.au=Rehman%2C+Khawaja+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBehera,_Demystifying_Kashmir2007" class="citation cs2">Behera, Navnita Chadha (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qM6kW9ZRMRkC"><i>Demystifying Kashmir</i></a>, Pearson Education India, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8131708460" title="Special:BookSources/978-8131708460"><bdi>978-8131708460</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Demystifying+Kashmir&rft.pub=Pearson+Education+India&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-8131708460&rft.aulast=Behera&rft.aufirst=Navnita+Chadha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqM6kW9ZRMRkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBose2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sumantra_Bose" title="Sumantra Bose">Bose, Sumantra</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/00book939526581"><i>Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace</i></a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-01173-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-01173-2"><bdi>0-674-01173-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kashmir%3A+Roots+of+Conflict%2C+Paths+to+Peace&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-674-01173-2&rft.aulast=Bose&rft.aufirst=Sumantra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F00book939526581&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGanai,_Dogra_Raj_and_the_Struggle_for_Freedom_in_Kashmir1999" class="citation cs2">Ganai, Muhammad Yousuf (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/33268">"Dogra Raj and the Struggle for Freedom in Kashmir (1932–1947)"</a>, <i>University</i> (PhD thesis), University of Kashmir, <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10603%2F33268">10603/33268</a> – via Shodhganga</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University&rft.atitle=Dogra+Raj+and+the+Struggle+for+Freedom+in+Kashmir+%281932%E2%80%931947%29&rft.date=1999&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10603%2F33268&rft.aulast=Ganai&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Yousuf&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in%2Fhandle%2F10603%2F33268&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHallbergO'Leary1992" class="citation book cs1">Hallberg, Calinda E.; O'Leary, Clare F. (1992). "Dialect Variation and Multilingualism among Gujars of Pakistan". In O'Leary, Clare F.; Rensch, Calvin R.; Hallberg, Calinda E. (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.org/resources/archives/38573"><i>Hindko and Gujari</i></a>. Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan. Islamabad: National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University and Summer Institute of Linguistics. pp. 91–196. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/969-8023-13-5" title="Special:BookSources/969-8023-13-5"><bdi>969-8023-13-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dialect+Variation+and+Multilingualism+among+Gujars+of+Pakistan&rft.btitle=Hindko+and+Gujari&rft.place=Islamabad&rft.series=Sociolinguistic+Survey+of+Northern+Pakistan&rft.pages=91-196&rft.pub=National+Institute+of+Pakistan+Studies%2C+Quaid-i-Azam+University+and+Summer+Institute+of+Linguistics&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=969-8023-13-5&rft.aulast=Hallberg&rft.aufirst=Calinda+E.&rft.au=O%27Leary%2C+Clare+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sil.org%2Fresources%2Farchives%2F38573&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKapoor,_Politics_of_Protests_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir2014" class="citation cs2">Kapoor, Sindhu (2014), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/handle/10603/78307">"Politics of Protests in Jammu and Kashmir from 1925 to 1951"</a>, <i>University</i> (PhD thesis), University of Jammu, <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10603%2F78307">10603/78307</a> – via Shodhganga</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=University&rft.atitle=Politics+of+Protests+in+Jammu+and+Kashmir+from+1925+to+1951&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10603%2F78307&rft.aulast=Kapoor&rft.aufirst=Sindhu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in%2Fhandle%2F10603%2F78307&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLothersLothers2010" class="citation report cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Lothers, Michael; Lothers, Laura (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sil.org/resources/publications/entry/9130">Pahari and Pothwari: a sociolinguistic survey</a> (Report). SIL Electronic Survey Reports. Vol. 2010–012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Pahari+and+Pothwari%3A+a+sociolinguistic+survey&rft.series=SIL+Electronic+Survey+Reports&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Lothers&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Lothers%2C+Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sil.org%2Fresources%2Fpublications%2Fentry%2F9130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRahman1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Rahman" title="Tariq Rahman">Rahman, Tariq</a> (1996). <i>Language and politics in Pakistan</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-577692-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-577692-8"><bdi>978-0-19-577692-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+and+politics+in+Pakistan&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-19-577692-8&rft.aulast=Rahman&rft.aufirst=Tariq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRahman2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tariq_Rahman" title="Tariq Rahman">Rahman, Tariq</a> (2002). <i>Language, ideology and power : language learning among the Muslims of Pakistan and North India</i>. Karachi: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-579644-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-579644-5"><bdi>978-0-19-579644-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language%2C+ideology+and+power+%3A+language+learning+among+the+Muslims+of+Pakistan+and+North+India&rft.place=Karachi&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-19-579644-5&rft.aulast=Rahman&rft.aufirst=Tariq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaraf,_Kashmiris_Fight_for_Freedom,_Volume_12015" class="citation cs2">Saraf, Muhammad Yusuf (2015) [first published 1977 by Ferozsons], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_egBAAAAMAAJ"><i>Kashmiris Fight for Freedom, Volume 1</i></a>, Mirpur: National Institute Kashmir Studies</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kashmiris+Fight+for+Freedom%2C+Volume+1&rft.place=Mirpur&rft.pub=National+Institute+Kashmir+Studies&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Saraf&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Yusuf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_egBAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaraf,_Kashmiris_Fight_for_Freedom,_Volume_11977" class="citation cs2">Saraf, Muhammad Yusuf (1977), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_egBAAAAMAAJ"><i>Kashmiris Fight for Freedom, Volume 1</i></a>, Ferozsons</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kashmiris+Fight+for+Freedom%2C+Volume+1&rft.pub=Ferozsons&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Saraf&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Yusuf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_egBAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaraf,_Kashmiris_Fight_for_Freedom,_Volume_22015" class="citation cs2">Saraf, Muhammad Yusuf (2015) [first published 1979 by Ferozsons], <i>Kashmiris Fight for Freedom, Volume 2</i>, Mirpur: National Institute Kashmir Studies</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kashmiris+Fight+for+Freedom%2C+Volume+2&rft.place=Mirpur&rft.pub=National+Institute+Kashmir+Studies&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Saraf&rft.aufirst=Muhammad+Yusuf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnedden2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Snedden" title="Christopher Snedden">Snedden, Christopher</a> (2013) [first published as <i>The Untold Story of the People of Azad Kashmir</i>, 2012]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0cPjAAAAQBAJ"><i>Kashmir: The Unwritten History</i></a>. HarperCollins India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9350298985" title="Special:BookSources/978-9350298985"><bdi>978-9350298985</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kashmir%3A+The+Unwritten+History&rft.pub=HarperCollins+India&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-9350298985&rft.aulast=Snedden&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0cPjAAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathur2008" class="citation book cs1">Mathur, Shubh (2008). "Srinagar-Muzaffarabad-New York: A Kashmiri Family's Exile". In Roy, Anjali Gera; Bhatia, Nandi (eds.). <i>Partitioned Lives: Narratives of Home, Displacement and Resettlement</i>. Pearson Education India. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9332506206" title="Special:BookSources/978-9332506206"><bdi>978-9332506206</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Srinagar-Muzaffarabad-New+York%3A+A+Kashmiri+Family%27s+Exile&rft.btitle=Partitioned+Lives%3A+Narratives+of+Home%2C+Displacement+and+Resettlement&rft.pub=Pearson+Education+India&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-9332506206&rft.aulast=Mathur&rft.aufirst=Shubh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchoefield2003" class="citation book cs1">Schoefield, Victoria (2003) [First published in 2000]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/00book584554548"><i>Kashmir in Conflict</i></a>. London and New York: I. B. Taurus & Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1860648983" title="Special:BookSources/1860648983"><bdi>1860648983</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kashmir+in+Conflict&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=I.+B.+Taurus+%26+Co&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1860648983&rft.aulast=Schoefield&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F00book584554548&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAzad+Kashmir" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Azad Kashmir</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Azad_Kashmir" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Azad Kashmir">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Azad_Kashmir" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Azad Kashmir">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" 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data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Azad_Kashmir" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Azad Kashmir">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Azad_Kashmir" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Azad Kashmir">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Azad_Kashmir" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Azad Kashmir">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Azad_Kashmir" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Azad Kashmir">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" class="extiw" title="voy:Azad Kashmir">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ajk.gov.pk/">Official website</a></span></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pndajk.gov.pk/">Planning & Development Department AJ&K</a> AJ&K Planning and Development Department</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ajktourism.gov.pk/">AJ&K Tourism & Archaeology Department</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191016160356/https://ajktourism.gov.pk/">Archived</a> October 16, 2019, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Tourism in Azad Kashmir</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Azad_Kashmir&#124;link=Azad_Kashmir_Azad_Kashmir_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Azad_Kashmir_topics" title="Template:Azad Kashmir topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Azad_Kashmir_topics" title="Template talk:Azad Kashmir topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Azad_Kashmir_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Azad Kashmir topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Azad_Kashmir&#124;link=Azad_Kashmir_Azad_Kashmir_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir" title="Azad Kashmir"><img alt="Azad Kashmir" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Azad_Kashmir.svg/23px-Flag_of_Azad_Kashmir.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Azad_Kashmir.svg/35px-Flag_of_Azad_Kashmir.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Flag_of_Azad_Kashmir.svg/45px-Flag_of_Azad_Kashmir.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="432" /></a></span></span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Azad Kashmir</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Capital: <b><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="History of Azad Kashmir">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kashmir" title="History of Kashmir">History of Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="History of Azad Kashmir">History of Azad Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynasties_of_ancient_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynasties of ancient Kashmir">Dynasties of ancient Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayyid_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayyid Dynasty">Sayyid Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durrani_Empire" title="Durrani Empire">Durrani Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikh_Empire" title="Sikh Empire">Sikh Empire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_East_India_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="British East India Company">British East India Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">Princely state of Jammu and Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonch_jagir" class="mw-redirect" title="Poonch jagir">Poonch jagir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Raj" title="British Raj">British Raj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmir Committee">Kashmir Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_Kashmir_agitation" title="1931 Kashmir agitation">1931 agitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_Poonch_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="1947 Poonch Rebellion">1947 Poonch Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Kashmir_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Kashmir War">First Kashmir War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Kashmir_conflict" title="Timeline of the Kashmir conflict">Timeline of the Kashmir conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Pakistani wars">Indo-Pakistani wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Line of Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Karakoram_Tract" title="Trans-Karakoram Tract">Shaksgam tract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simla_Agreement" title="Simla Agreement">Simla Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_insurgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmir insurgency">Kashmir insurgency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_Kashmir_Liberation_Front" title="Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front">Jammu Kashmir Liberation Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hizbul_Mujahideen" title="Hizbul Mujahideen">Hizbul Mujahideen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Solidarity_Day" title="Kashmir Solidarity Day">Kashmir Solidarity Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_Kashmir_earthquake" title="2005 Kashmir earthquake">Kashmir earthquake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="Government of Azad Kashmir">Government</a> and politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karachi_Agreement_(Azad_Kashmir)" title="Karachi Agreement (Azad Kashmir)">Karachi Agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interim_Constitution_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir_(1974)" title="Interim Constitution of Azad Jammu and Kashmir (1974)"> Interim Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="President of Azad Kashmir">Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="Prime Minister of Azad Kashmir">Prime Ministers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Kashmir_Affairs_%26_Gilgit_Baltistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Kashmir Affairs & Gilgit Baltistan">Ministry of Kashmir Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmir_Legislative_Assembly" title="Azad Kashmir Legislative Assembly">Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="Flag of Azad Kashmir">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watan_Hamara_Azad_Kashmir" title="Watan Hamara Azad Kashmir">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seal_of_Azad_Kashmir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Seal of Azad Kashmir (page does not exist)">Seal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kashmir" title="Culture of Kashmir">Culture</a> and places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiris_in_Azad_Kashmir" title="Kashmiris in Azad Kashmir">Kashmiris</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Azad_Kashmiris" title="List of Azad Kashmiris">List</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_language" title="Kashmiri language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_cuisine" title="Kashmiri cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmiri music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiri_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashmiri literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_of_Azad_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic groups of Azad Kashmir">Ethnic groups of Azad Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azad_Kashmiri_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Azad Kashmiri diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmiriyat" title="Kashmiriyat">Kashmiriyat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="Category:Geography of Azad Kashmir">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Pakistan#Azad_Kashmir" title="Districts of Pakistan">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Pakistan#Azad_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Pakistan">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pothohar_Plateau" title="Pothohar Plateau">Pothohar Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonch_River" title="Poonch River">Poonch River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neelum_River" title="Neelum River">Neelum River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken%27s_Neck_(Pakistan)" title="Chicken's Neck (Pakistan)">Chicken's Neck (Pakistan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Line_of_Control" title="Line of Control">Line of Control</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhimber_District" title="Bhimber District">Bhimber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotli_District" title="Kotli District">Kotli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirpur_District" title="Mirpur District">Mirpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad_District" title="Muzaffarabad District">Muzaffarabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattian_Bala_District" title="Hattian Bala District">Hattian Bala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neelam_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Neelam District">Neelam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonch_District,_Pakistan" title="Poonch District, Pakistan">Poonch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haveli_District" title="Haveli District">Haveli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagh_District" title="Bagh District">Bagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhanoti_District" title="Sudhanoti District">Sudhanoti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities & Town</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirpur,_Azad_Kashmir" title="Mirpur, Azad Kashmir">Mirpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawalakot" title="Rawalakot">Rawalakot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagh,_Azad_Kashmir" title="Bagh, Azad Kashmir">Bagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotli" title="Kotli">Kotli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallandri" class="mw-redirect" title="Pallandri">Pallandri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhimber" title="Bhimber">Bhimber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hattian_Bala" title="Hattian Bala">Hattian Bala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alibeg" title="Alibeg">Alibeg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mangla_Dam" title="Mangla Dam">Mangla Dam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remittances_to_Azad_Kashmir" title="Remittances to Azad Kashmir">Remittances to Azad Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_International_Cooperation_Agency" title="Japan International Cooperation Agency">Japan International Cooperation Agency</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirpur_University_of_Science_and_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirpur University of Science and Technology">Mirpur University of Science and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Azad_Jammu_%26_Kashmir,_Muzaffarabad" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad">University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Poonch" title="University of Poonch">University of Poonch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_University_of_Azad_Jammu_and_Kashmir,_Bagh" class="mw-redirect" title="Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bagh">Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Bagh </a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Khair_University,_Bhimber&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Khair University, Bhimber (page does not exist)">Al-Khair University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohi-ud-Din_Islamic_University" title="Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University">Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quaid-e-Azam_Stadium" title="Quaid-e-Azam Stadium">Quaid-e-Azam Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bagh_stadium&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bagh stadium (page does not exist)">Bagh stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Road" title="Mughal Road">Mughal Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_abuses_in_Azad_Kashmir" title="Human rights abuses in Azad Kashmir">Human rights abuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UN_mediation_of_Kashmir" class="mw-redirect" title="UN mediation of Kashmir">UN mediation of Kashmir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="x17px_Provinces_and_administrative_units_of_Pakistan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Template:Administrative units of Pakistan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Template talk:Administrative units of Pakistan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative units of Pakistan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="x17px_Provinces_and_administrative_units_of_Pakistan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/15px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/23px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg/30px-State_emblem_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="587" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Administrative units of Pakistan">Provinces and administrative units</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Provinces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan,_Pakistan" title="Balochistan, Pakistan">Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khyber_Pakhtunkhwa" title="Khyber Pakhtunkhwa">Khyber Pakhtunkhwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">Punjab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindh" title="Sindh">Sindh</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan"><img alt="Pakistan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/66px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="66" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/99px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Flag_of_Pakistan.svg/132px-Flag_of_Pakistan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islamabad_Capital_Territory" title="Islamabad Capital Territory">Islamabad Capital Territory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Administrative regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Azad Kashmir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Former_administrative_units_of_Pakistan" title="Former administrative units of Pakistan">Former administrative units of Pakistan</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Districts_of_Azad_Kashmir" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Administrative_units_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="Template:Administrative units of Azad Kashmir"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Administrative_units_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="Template talk:Administrative units of Azad Kashmir"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative_units_of_Azad_Kashmir" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Administrative units of Azad Kashmir"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Districts_of_Azad_Kashmir" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Pakistan" title="Districts of Pakistan">Districts</a> of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Azad Kashmir</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Provincial capital: <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mirpur_Division" title="Mirpur Division">Mirpur</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhimber_District" title="Bhimber District">Bhimber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotli_District" title="Kotli District">Kotli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirpur_District" title="Mirpur District">Mirpur</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AJK_Districts.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/AJK_Districts.svg/100px-AJK_Districts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/AJK_Districts.svg/150px-AJK_Districts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/AJK_Districts.svg/200px-AJK_Districts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="735" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad_Division" title="Muzaffarabad Division">Muzaffarabad</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hattian_Bala_District" title="Hattian Bala District">Hattian Bala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad_District" title="Muzaffarabad District">Muzaffarabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neelum_District" title="Neelum District">Neelum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Poonch_Division" title="Poonch Division">Poonch</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bagh_District" title="Bagh District">Bagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haveli_District" title="Haveli District">Haveli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonch_District,_Pakistan" title="Poonch District, Pakistan">Poonch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudhanoti_District" title="Sudhanoti District">Sudhanoti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Regions_and_administrative_territories_of_Kashmir" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_and_administrative_territories_of_Kashmir" title="Template:Regions and administrative territories of Kashmir"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_and_administrative_territories_of_Kashmir" title="Template talk:Regions and administrative territories of Kashmir"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_and_administrative_territories_of_Kashmir" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions and administrative territories of Kashmir"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regions_and_administrative_territories_of_Kashmir" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Regions and administrative territories of <a href="/wiki/Kashmir" title="Kashmir">Kashmir</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltistan" title="Baltistan">Baltistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balawaristan" title="Balawaristan">Balawaristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardistan" title="Dardistan">Dardistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Valley" title="Kashmir Valley">Kashmir Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siachen_Glacier" title="Siachen Glacier">Siachen Glacier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current administrative territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hotan_County" title="Hotan County">Hotan County</a>/<a href="/wiki/Rutog_County" title="Rutog County">Rutog County</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aksai_Chin" title="Aksai Chin">Aksai Chin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-Karakoram_Tract" title="Trans-Karakoram Tract">Trans-Karakoram Tract</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(union_territory)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (union territory)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Jammu Division">Jammu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Valley" title="Kashmir Valley">Kashmir</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pakistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Azad Kashmir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mirpur_Division" title="Mirpur Division">Mirpur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad_Division" title="Muzaffarabad Division">Muzaffarabad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poonch_Division" title="Poonch Division">Poonch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former administrative territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilgit_Agency" title="Gilgit Agency">Gilgit Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> (princely state)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> (Indian state)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Proposed administrative territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karakoram_Province" title="Karakoram Province">Karakoram Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panun_Kashmir" title="Panun Kashmir">Panun Kashmir</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200130#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200130#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200130#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/147412548">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJf4gTfDJHttCqv69Xth73">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7717671-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n84172443">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007555379305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027632067">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" 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