CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Inch - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"5ac2dfff-dc7a-42bb-9d3b-5acca2600b2c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Inch","wgTitle":"Inch","wgCurRevisionId":1276534480,"wgRevisionId":1276534480,"wgArticleId":14775,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles containing Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text","CS1 German-language sources (de)","CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)","CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use British English from August 2021","Use dmy dates from April 2022","Articles containing Latin-language text","Pages with plain IPA","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from October 2022", "Articles containing Catalan-language text","Articles containing Czech-language text","Articles containing Norwegian-language text","Articles containing Dutch-language text","Articles containing Afrikaans-language text","Articles containing Russian-language text","Articles containing French-language text","Articles containing Georgian-language text","Articles containing Hungarian-language text","Articles containing Italian-language text","Articles containing Portuguese-language text","Articles containing Slovak-language text","Articles containing Spanish-language text","Articles containing Swedish-language text","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020","Pages using gadget Calculator","Articles containing Scottish Gaelic-language text","Customary units of measurement in the United States","Imperial units","Units of length","Obsolete Scottish units of measurement"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Inch" ,"wgRelevantArticleId":14775,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q218593","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true, "wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.Calculator","ext.urlShortener.toolbar", "ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/3_inch_zoll_pipe.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1605"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/3_inch_zoll_pipe.jpg/800px-3_inch_zoll_pipe.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1070"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/3_inch_zoll_pipe.jpg/640px-3_inch_zoll_pipe.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="856"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Inch - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inch"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inch"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Inch rootpage-Inch skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Inch" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Inch" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Inch" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Inch" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Name" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Name"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Name</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Name-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Usage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Usage</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Usage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Usage subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Usage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Imperial_or_hybrid_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Imperial_or_hybrid_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Imperial or hybrid countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Imperial_or_hybrid_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Worldwide" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Worldwide"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Worldwide</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Worldwide-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SI_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SI_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>SI countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SI_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technical_details" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technical_details"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Technical details</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technical_details-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equivalents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equivalents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Equivalents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equivalents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Related_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Related_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Related units</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Related_units-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Related units subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Related_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-US_survey_inches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#US_survey_inches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>US survey inches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-US_survey_inches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Continental_inches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Continental_inches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Continental inches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Continental_inches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scottish_inch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scottish_inch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Scottish inch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scottish_inch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Inch</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 96 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-96" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">96 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duim" title="Duim – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Duim" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynce" title="Ynce – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Ynce" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B5%D8%A9" title="بوصة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوصة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulgada" title="Pulgada – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Pulgada" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%BCym%C9%99_(%C3%B6l%C3%A7%C3%BC_vahidi)" title="Düymə (ölçü vahidi) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Düymə (ölçü vahidi)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%86%DB%8C%D9%85_(%D8%A7%D8%A4%D9%84%DA%86%D9%88_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C)" title="دۆیم (اؤلچو بیریمی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دۆیم (اؤلچو بیریمی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF" title="ইঞ্চি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইঞ্চি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%B9%D0%BC" title="Дюйм – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Дюйм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Цаля – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Цаля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8F" title="Цаля – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Цаля" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%87" title="Инч – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Инч" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C4%8D" title="Inč – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Inč" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meutad" title="Meutad – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Meutad" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polzada" title="Polzada – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Polzada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%B9%D0%BC" title="Дюйм – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Дюйм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palec_(jednotka)" title="Palec (jednotka) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Palec (jednotka)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modfedd" title="Modfedd – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Modfedd" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomme" title="Tomme – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tomme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoll_(Einheit)" title="Zoll (Einheit) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zoll (Einheit)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll_(pikkus%C3%BChik)" title="Toll (pikkusühik) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Toll (pikkusühik)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%8A%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ίντσα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ίντσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulgada" title="Pulgada – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pulgada" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colo" title="Colo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Colo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazbete" title="Hazbete – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hazbete" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%86" title="اینچ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اینچ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pouce_(unit%C3%A9)" title="Pouce (unité) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pouce (unité)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomme_(lingtemaat)" title="Tomme (lingtemaat) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Tomme (lingtemaat)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oarlagh" title="Oarlagh – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Oarlagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polgada" title="Polgada – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Polgada" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B8%EC%B9%98" title="인치 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="인치" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%B4" title="Դյույմ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դյույմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A" title="इंच – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इंच" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palac_(jedinica)" title="Palac (jedinica) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Palac (jedinica)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inci" title="Inci – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Inci" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomma" title="Tomma – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tomma" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pollice_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Pollice (unità di misura) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pollice (unità di misura)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A5%27" title="אינץ' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אינץ'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%85%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B2" title="ಅಂಗುಲ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಅಂಗುಲ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="დუიმი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დუიმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%B9%D0%BC" title="Дюйм – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дюйм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inchi" title="Inchi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Inchi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pous_(inite)" title="Pous (inite) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Pous (inite)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8En%C3%A7" title="Înç – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Înç" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%B9%D0%BC" title="Дюйм – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Дюйм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncia_(mensura_longitudinis)" title="Uncia (mensura longitudinis) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Uncia (mensura longitudinis)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colla" title="Colla – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Colla" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colis" title="Colis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Colis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diton_(unias_de_mesura)" title="Diton (unias de mesura) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Diton (unias de mesura)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCvelyk_(m%C3%A9rt%C3%A9kegys%C3%A9g)" title="Hüvelyk (mértékegység) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hüvelyk (mértékegység)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%87" title="Инч – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Инч" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D" title="ഇഞ്ച് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇഞ്ച്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A" title="इंच – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इंच" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="დუიმი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="დუიმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inci" title="Inci – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Inci" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%87_(%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B6)" title="Инч (нэгж) – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Инч (нэгж)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%99" title="လက်မ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လက်မ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inch" title="Inch – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Inch" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%81" title="インチ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="インチ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tol_(Miat)" title="Tol (Miat) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Tol (Miat)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomme" title="Tomme – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tomme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomme" title="Tomme – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tomme" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poce_(unitat)" title="Poce (unitat) – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Poce (unitat)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyuym" title="Dyuym – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Dyuym" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9A" title="ਇੰਚ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇੰਚ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%86" title="انچ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انچ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B2les" title="Pòles – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Pòles" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cal" title="Cal – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cal" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polegada" title="Polegada – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Polegada" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C8%9Aol" title="Țol – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Țol" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%B9%D0%BC" title="Дюйм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дюйм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C3%A7i" title="Inçi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Inçi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puseri_(unitati_di_misura)" title="Puseri (unitati di misura) – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Puseri (unitati di misura)" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inch" title="Inch – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Inch" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%86" title="انچ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انچ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palec_(jednotka_d%C4%BA%C5%BEky)" title="Palec (jednotka dĺžky) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Palec (jednotka dĺžky)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palec" title="Palec – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Palec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%86%DA%86" title="ئینچ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئینچ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%87" title="Инч – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Инч" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%C4%8D" title="Inč – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Inč" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuuma" title="Tuuma – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tuuma" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tum" title="Tum – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tum" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dali_(haba)" title="Dali (haba) – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Dali (haba)" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="அங்குலம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="அங்குலம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%B9%D0%BC" title="Дюйм – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Дюйм" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B3%E0%B0%82" title="అంగుళం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అంగుళం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%A7_(%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A4%E0%B8%A9)" title="นิ้ว (หน่วยความยาวระบบอังกฤษ) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="นิ้ว (หน่วยความยาวระบบอังกฤษ)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%87" title="Инч – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Инч" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0n%C3%A7" title="İnç – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İnç" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8E%D0%B9%D0%BC" title="Дюйм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дюйм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1" title="پور – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inch" title="Inch – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Inch" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll" title="Toll – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Toll" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulgada" title="Pulgada – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Pulgada" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%AF%B8" title="英寸 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="英寸" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%8B" title="吋 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="吋" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%AF%B8" title="英寸 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="英寸" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q218593#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Inch" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Inch" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Inch"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Inch"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Inch" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Inch" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&oldid=1276534480" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Inch&id=1276534480&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FInch"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FInch"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Inch&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Inch" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q218593" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Unit of length</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Inches" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Inch_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Inch (disambiguation)">Inch (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-unit"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Inch</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Inch_tape.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Inch_tape.jpg/220px-Inch_tape.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Inch_tape.jpg/330px-Inch_tape.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Inch_tape.jpg/440px-Inch_tape.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2892" data-file-height="936" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A <a href="/wiki/Measuring_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Measuring tape">measuring tape</a> with inches</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/System_of_units_of_measurement" title="System of units of measurement">Unit system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units">Imperial</a>/<a href="/wiki/US_customary_units" class="mw-redirect" title="US customary units">US</a> units</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Length" title="Length">Length</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data">in, ″ (the <a href="/wiki/Double_prime" class="mw-redirect" title="Double prime">double prime</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Unicode-U2000_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Unicode-U2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Conversions </th></tr><tr class="nowrap"><td>1 in <i>in ...</i></td><td><i>... is equal to ...</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span>Imperial/US units</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214402035">.mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.0em 0.1em;border-bottom:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0.1em 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">36</span></span>⁠</span> <a href="/wiki/Yard_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yard (unit)">yd</a> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">12</span></span>⁠</span> <a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">ft</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">Metric</a> (<a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-redirect" title="SI">SI</a>) units</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span>25.4 <a href="/wiki/Millimetre" title="Millimetre">mm</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:3_inch_zoll_pipe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/3_inch_zoll_pipe.jpg/220px-3_inch_zoll_pipe.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/3_inch_zoll_pipe.jpg/330px-3_inch_zoll_pipe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/3_inch_zoll_pipe.jpg/440px-3_inch_zoll_pipe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1196" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>A fire hydrant marked as 3-inch</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>inch</b> (symbol: <b>in</b> or <b><a href="/wiki/Prime_(symbol)" title="Prime (symbol)">″</a></b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Units_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Units of measurement">unit</a> of <a href="/wiki/Length" title="Length">length</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units">British Imperial</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_customary_units" title="United States customary units">United States customary</a> <a href="/wiki/System_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="System of measurement">systems of measurement</a>. It is equal to <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">36</span></span>⁠</span> <a href="/wiki/Yard" title="Yard">yard</a> or <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">12</span></span>⁠</span> of a <a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">foot</a>. Derived from the <a href="/wiki/Uncia_(unit)" title="Uncia (unit)">Roman uncia</a> ("twelfth"), the word <i>inch</i> is also sometimes used to translate similar units in other measurement systems, <a href="/wiki/Anthropic_units" title="Anthropic units">usually understood as deriving</a> from the width of the human thumb. </p><p>Standards for the exact length of an inch have varied in the past, but since the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/International_yard" class="mw-redirect" title="International yard">international yard</a> during the 1950s and 1960s the inch has been based on the <a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">metric system</a> and defined as exactly 25.4<span class="nowrap"> </span><a href="/wiki/Millimetre" title="Millimetre">mm</a>. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Etymology"></span> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The English word "inch" (<a href="/wiki/Old_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English language">Old English</a>: <i lang="ang">ynce</i>) was an early borrowing from <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">uncia</i></span></i> ("one-twelfth; <a href="/wiki/Roman_inch" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman inch">Roman inch</a>; <a href="/wiki/Roman_ounce" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman ounce">Roman ounce</a>").<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vowel change from Latin <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/u/</span> to Old English <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/y/</span> (which became Modern English <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɪ/</span>) is known as <a href="/wiki/Germanic_umlaut" title="Germanic umlaut">umlaut</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The consonant change from the Latin <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span> (spelled <i>c</i>) to English <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/tʃ/</span> is <a href="/wiki/Palatalization_(sound_change)" title="Palatalization (sound change)">palatalisation</a>. Both were features of <a href="/wiki/Old_English_phonology" title="Old English phonology">Old English phonology</a>; see <a href="/wiki/Phonological_history_of_Old_English#Palatalization" title="Phonological history of Old English">Phonological history of Old English § Palatalization</a> and <a href="/wiki/Germanic_umlaut#I-mutation_in_Old_English" title="Germanic umlaut">Germanic umlaut § I-mutation in Old English</a> for more information. </p><p>"Inch" is cognate with "<a href="/wiki/Ounce" title="Ounce">ounce</a>" (<a href="/wiki/Old_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English language">Old English</a>: <i lang="ang">ynse</i>), whose separate pronunciation and spelling reflect its reborrowing in <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> from <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_language" title="Anglo-Norman language">Anglo-Norman</a> <i>unce</i> and <i>ounce</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In many other European languages, the word for "inch" is the same as or derived from the word for "thumb", as a man's thumb is about an inch wide (and this was even sometimes used to define the inch<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). In the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch language</a> a term for inch is <i>engelse duim</i> (english thumb).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples include <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>: <i lang="ca">polzada</i> ("inch") and <i><span title="Catalan-language text"><i lang="ca">polze</i></span></i> ("thumb"); <a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a>: <i lang="cs">palec</i> ("thumb"); Danish and <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a>: <i lang="no">tomme</i> ("inch") <i><span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">tommel</i></span></i> ("thumb"); <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">duim</i> (whence <a href="/wiki/Afrikaans_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Afrikaans language">Afrikaans</a>: <i lang="af">duim</i> and <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">дюйм</span>); <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">pouce</i>; <a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>: <span title="Georgian-language text"><span lang="ka" style="font-style: normal;">დუიმი</span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a>: <i lang="hu">hüvelyk</i>; <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">pollice</i>; <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i lang="pt">polegada</i> ("inch") and <i><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">polegar</i></span></i> ("thumb"); ("duim"); <a href="/wiki/Slovak_language" title="Slovak language">Slovak</a>: <i lang="sk">palec</i> ("thumb"); <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">pulgada</i> ("inch") and <i><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">pulgar</i></span></i> ("thumb"); and <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>: <i lang="sv">tum</i> ("inch") and <i>tumme</i> ("thumb"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Usage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Imperial_or_hybrid_countries">Imperial or hybrid countries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Imperial or hybrid countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The inch is a commonly used customary unit of length in the United States,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Canada,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the United Kingdom.<sup id="cite_ref-bis_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the United Kingdom, guidance on public sector use states that, since 1 October 1995, without time limit, the inch (along with the foot) is to be used as a primary unit for road signs and related measurements of distance (with the possible exception of clearance heights and widths)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and may continue to be used as a secondary or supplementary indication following a metric measurement for other purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-bis_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bis-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Worldwide">Worldwide</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Worldwide"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inches are used for display screens (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">televisions</a> and computer monitors) worldwide. It is the official <a href="/wiki/Japanese_units_of_measurement#Imperial_units" title="Japanese units of measurement">Japanese standard</a> for electronic parts, especially display screens, and is the industry standard throughout continental Europe for display screens (<a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> being one of few countries to supplement it with centimetres in most stores<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>Inches are commonly used to specify the diameter of vehicle wheel rims, and the corresponding inner diameter of tyres in <a href="/wiki/Tyre_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Tyre code">tyre codes</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SI_countries">SI countries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: SI countries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both inch-based and millimeter-based <a href="/wiki/Hex_key" title="Hex key">hex keys</a> are widely available for sale in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Technical_details">Technical details</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Technical details"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The international standard symbol for inch is <b>in</b> (see <a href="/wiki/ISO_31-1" title="ISO 31-1">ISO 31-1</a>, Annex A) but traditionally the inch is denoted by a <a href="/wiki/Prime_(symbol)" title="Prime (symbol)">double prime</a>, which is often approximated by a <a href="/wiki/Quotation_mark" title="Quotation mark">double quote</a> symbol, and the <a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">foot</a> by a <a href="/wiki/Prime_(symbol)" title="Prime (symbol)">prime</a>, which is often approximated by an <a href="/wiki/Apostrophe_(mark)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostrophe (mark)">apostrophe</a>. For example; <i><span class="nowrap">three feet, two inches</span></i> can be written as 3<span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.15em;">′</span> 2″. (This is akin to how the <a href="/wiki/Minute" title="Minute">first</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second" title="Second">second</a> "cuts" of the <a href="/wiki/Hour" title="Hour">hour</a> are likewise indicated by prime and double prime symbols, and also the <a href="/wiki/Minute_of_arc" class="mw-redirect" title="Minute of arc">first</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_of_arc" class="mw-redirect" title="Second of arc">second</a> cuts of the <a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">degree</a>.) </p><p>Subdivisions of an inch are typically written using <a href="/wiki/Dyadic_rational" title="Dyadic rational">dyadic fractions</a> with odd number numerators; for example, <i><span class="nowrap">two and three-eighths of an inch</span></i> would be written as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="tion"><span class="num">3</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">8</span></span>⁠</span>″ and not as 2.375″ nor as <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠2<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="tion"><span class="num">6</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">16</span></span>⁠</span>″. However, for engineering purposes fractions are commonly given to three or four places of decimals and have been for many years.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Equivalents">Equivalents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Equivalents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-in" data-calculator-type="number" data-calculator-size="4">1</span> international inch is equal to: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-cm" data-calculator-type="plain" data-calculator-formula="in*2.54" data-calculator-decimals="1" data-calculator-nan-text="0">2.54</span> <a href="/wiki/Centimeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Centimeter">centimeters</a> (1 inch is exactly 2.54 cm)</li> <li><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-mm" data-calculator-type="plain" data-calculator-formula="in*25.4" data-calculator-decimals="1" data-calculator-nan-text="0">25.4</span> <a href="/wiki/Millimetre" title="Millimetre">millimetres</a> (1 inch is exactly 25.4 mm)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num"><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-numeratorfeet" data-calculator-type="plain" data-calculator-formula="in" data-calculator-nan-text="0">1</span></span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">12</span></span>⁠</span> or <span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-feet" data-calculator-type="plain" data-calculator-formula="in/12" data-calculator-nan-text="0">0.08333</span> <a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">feet</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num"><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-numeratoryards" data-calculator-type="plain" data-calculator-formula="in" data-calculator-nan-text="0">1</span></span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">36</span></span>⁠</span> or <span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-yard" data-calculator-type="plain" data-calculator-formula="in/36" data-calculator-nan-text="0">0.2777</span> <a href="/wiki/Yard" title="Yard">yards</a></li> <li><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-tenths" data-calculator-type="plain" data-calculator-formula="in*10000" data-calculator-nan-text="0">10000</span> '<a href="/wiki/Thousandth_of_an_inch#Tenths" title="Thousandth of an inch">tenths</a>'<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-thou" data-calculator-type="plain" data-calculator-formula="in*1000" data-calculator-nan-text="0">1000</span> <a href="/wiki/Thousandth_of_an_inch" title="Thousandth of an inch">thou</a><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or mil<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-points" data-calculator-type="plain" data-calculator-formula="in*100" data-calculator-nan-text="0">100</span> points<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or gries<sup id="cite_ref-locke_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-locke-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-pointsTypography" data-calculator-type="plain" data-calculator-formula="in*72" data-calculator-nan-text="0">72</span> <a href="/wiki/Point_(typography)" title="Point (typography)">PostScript points</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-line10" data-calculator-type="plain" data-calculator-formula="in*10" data-calculator-nan-text="0">10</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-locke_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-locke-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-line12" data-calculator-type="plain" data-calculator-formula="in*12" data-calculator-nan-text="0">12</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-line40" data-calculator-type="plain" data-calculator-formula="in*40" data-calculator-nan-text="0">40</span><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Line_(unit)" title="Line (unit)">lines</a></li> <li><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-pica" data-calculator-type="plain" data-calculator-formula="in*6" data-calculator-nan-text="0">6</span> <a href="/wiki/Pica_(typography)" title="Pica (typography)">computer picas</a><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-barleycorn" data-calculator-type="plain" data-calculator-formula="in*3" data-calculator-nan-text="0">3</span> <a href="/wiki/Barleycorn_(unit)" title="Barleycorn (unit)">barleycorns</a><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-ussurveyin" data-calculator-type="plain" data-calculator-formula="in*0.999998" data-calculator-nan-text="0">0.999998</span> <a href="#US_survey_inches">US Survey inches</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num"><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-numeratorPalm" data-calculator-type="plain" data-calculator-formula="in" data-calculator-nan-text="0">1</span></span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">3</span></span>⁠</span> or <span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-palms" data-calculator-type="plain" data-calculator-formula="in/3" data-calculator-nan-text="0">0.333</span> <a href="/wiki/Palm_(unit)" title="Palm (unit)">palms</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num"><span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-numeratorhand" data-calculator-type="plain" data-calculator-formula="in" data-calculator-nan-text="0">1</span></span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">4</span></span>⁠</span> or <span class="calculator-field" id="calculator-field-hand" data-calculator-type="plain" data-calculator-formula="in/4" data-calculator-nan-text="0">0.25</span> <a href="/wiki/Hand_(unit)" title="Hand (unit)">hands</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Inch_converter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Inch_converter.jpg/250px-Inch_converter.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Inch_converter.jpg/375px-Inch_converter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Inch_converter.jpg/500px-Inch_converter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="337" /></a><figcaption>Mid-19th-century tool for converting between different standards of the inch</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest known reference to the inch in England is from the <i><a href="/wiki/Laws_of_%C3%86thelberht" class="mw-redirect" title="Laws of Æthelberht">Laws of Æthelberht</a></i> dating to the early 7th century, surviving in a single manuscript, the <i><a href="/wiki/Textus_Roffensis" title="Textus Roffensis">Textus Roffensis</a></i> from 1120.<sup id="cite_ref-GoetzJarnut2003_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GoetzJarnut2003-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paragraph LXVII sets out the fine for wounds of various depths: one inch, one shilling; two inches, two shillings, etc.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>m<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An Anglo-Saxon unit of length was the <a href="/wiki/English_units" title="English units">barleycorn</a>. After 1066, 1 inch was equal to 3 barleycorns, which continued to be its legal definition for several centuries, with the barleycorn being the base unit.<sup id="cite_ref-Klein_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the earliest such definitions is that of 1324, where the legal definition of the inch was set out in a statute of <a href="/wiki/Edward_II_of_England" title="Edward II of England">Edward II of England</a>, defining it as "three grains of <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a>, dry and round, placed end to end, lengthwise".<sup id="cite_ref-Klein_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klein-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similar definitions are recorded in both English and Welsh medieval law tracts.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One, dating from the first half of the 10th century, is contained in the Laws of <a href="/wiki/Hywel_Dda" title="Hywel Dda">Hywel Dda</a> which superseded those of <a href="/wiki/Dyfnwal_Moelmud" title="Dyfnwal Moelmud">Dyfnwal</a>, an even earlier definition of the inch in Wales. Both definitions, as recorded in <i>Ancient Laws and Institutes of Wales</i> (vol i., pp. 184, 187, 189), are that "three lengths of a barleycorn is the inch".<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>King David I of Scotland in his Assize of Weights and Measures (c. 1150) is said to have defined the Scottish inch as the width of an average man's thumb at the base of the nail, even including the requirement to calculate the average of a small, a medium, and a large man's measures.<sup id="cite_ref-Swinton1789_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swinton1789-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the oldest surviving manuscripts date from the early 14th century and appear to have been altered with the inclusion of newer material.<sup id="cite_ref-GemmillMayhew2006_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GemmillMayhew2006-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1814, Charles Butler, a mathematics teacher at <a href="/wiki/Cheam_School" title="Cheam School">Cheam School</a>, recorded the old legal definition of the inch to be "three grains of sound ripe barley being taken out the middle of the ear, well dried, and laid end to end in a row", and placed the barleycorn, not the inch, as the base unit of the English Long Measure system, from which all other units were derived.<sup id="cite_ref-Butler_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Butler-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Bouvier" title="John Bouvier">John Bouvier</a> similarly recorded in his 1843 law dictionary that the barleycorn was the fundamental measure.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Butler observed, however, that "[a]s the length of the barley-corn cannot be fixed, so the inch according to this method will be uncertain", noting that a standard inch measure was now [i.e. by 1843] kept in the Exchequer chamber, <a href="/wiki/Guildhall,_London" title="Guildhall, London">Guildhall</a>, and <i>that</i> was the legal definition of the inch.<sup id="cite_ref-Butler_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Butler-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This was a point also made by George Long in his 1842 <i><a href="/wiki/Penny_Cyclop%C3%A6dia" class="mw-redirect" title="Penny Cyclopædia">Penny Cyclopædia</a></i>, observing that standard measures had since surpassed the barleycorn definition of the inch, and that to recover the inch measure from its original definition, in case the standard measure were destroyed, would involve the measurement of large numbers of barleycorns and taking their average lengths. He noted that this process would not perfectly recover the standard, since it might introduce errors of anywhere between one hundredth and one tenth of an inch in the definition of a yard.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the adoption of the <a href="/wiki/International_yard_and_pound" title="International yard and pound">international yard and pound</a>, various definitions were in use. In the United Kingdom and most countries of the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">British Commonwealth</a>, the inch was defined in terms of the <a href="/wiki/Yard#19th-century_Britain" title="Yard">Imperial Standard Yard</a>. The United States adopted the conversion factor 1 metre = 39.37 inches by an act in 1866.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1893, <a href="/wiki/Mendenhall_Order" title="Mendenhall Order">Mendenhall ordered</a> the physical realization of the inch to be based on the international prototype metres numbers 21 and 27, which had been received from the <a href="/wiki/CGPM" class="mw-redirect" title="CGPM">CGPM</a>, together with the previously adopted conversion factor.<sup id="cite_ref-Mendenhall_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mendenhall-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of the definitions above, the U.S. inch was effectively defined as 25.4000508 mm (with a reference temperature of 68 degrees Fahrenheit) and the UK inch at 25.399977 mm (with a reference temperature of 62 degrees Fahrenheit). When <a href="/wiki/Carl_Edvard_Johansson" title="Carl Edvard Johansson">Carl Edvard Johansson</a> started manufacturing <a href="/wiki/Gauge_blocks" class="mw-redirect" title="Gauge blocks">gauge blocks</a> in inch sizes in 1912, Johansson's compromise was to manufacture gauge blocks with a nominal size of 25.4mm, with a reference temperature of 20 degrees Celsius, accurate to within a few parts per million of both official definitions. Because Johansson's blocks were so popular, his blocks became the <i>de facto</i> standard for manufacturers internationally,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with other manufacturers of gauge blocks following Johansson's definition by producing blocks designed to be equivalent to his.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1930, the <a href="/wiki/BSI_Group" title="BSI Group">British Standards Institution</a> adopted an inch of exactly 25.4 mm. The <a href="/wiki/American_National_Standards_Institute" title="American National Standards Institute">American Standards Association</a> followed suit in 1933. By 1935, industry in 16 countries had adopted the "industrial inch" as it came to be known,<sup id="cite_ref-MeasuresStandards1936_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MeasuresStandards1936-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WandmacherJohnson1995_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WandmacherJohnson1995-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> effectively endorsing Johansson's pragmatic choice of conversion ratio.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1946, the Commonwealth Science Congress recommended a yard of exactly 0.9144 metres for adoption throughout the British Commonwealth. This was adopted by Canada in 1951;<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MeasuresStandards1957_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MeasuresStandards1957-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the United States on 1 July 1959;<sup id="cite_ref-FR59-5442_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FR59-5442-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Standards1959_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Standards1959-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JudsonStandards1976_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JudsonStandards1976-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Australia in 1961,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> effective 1 January 1964;<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the United Kingdom in 1963,<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> effective on 1 January 1964.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new standards gave an inch of exactly 25.4 mm, 1.7 millionths of an inch longer than the old imperial inch and 2 millionths of an inch shorter than the old US inch.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Astin_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Astin-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Related_units">Related units</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Related units"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="US_survey_inches">US survey inches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: US survey inches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The United States retained the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">39.37</span></span>⁠</span>-metre definition for surveying, producing a 2 millionth part difference between standard and <a href="/wiki/United_States_customary_units#Length" title="United States customary units">US survey</a> inches.<sup id="cite_ref-Astin_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Astin-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is approximately <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">8</span></span>⁠</span> inch per mile; 12.7 kilometres is exactly <span data-sort-value="7005500000000000000♠">500,000</span> standard inches and exactly <span data-sort-value="7005499999000000000♠">499,999</span> survey inches. This difference is substantial when doing calculations in <a href="/wiki/State_Plane_Coordinate_System" title="State Plane Coordinate System">State Plane Coordinate Systems</a> with coordinate values in the hundreds of thousands or millions of feet. </p><p>In 2020, the <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology</a> announced that the U.S. survey foot would "be phased out" on 1 January 2023 and be superseded by the international foot (also known as the foot) equal to 0.3048 metres exactly, for all further applications.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This implies that the survey inch was replaced by the international inch. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Continental_inches">Continental inches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Continental inches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Roman_inch" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman inch">Roman inch</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_inch" class="mw-redirect" title="French inch">French inch</a></div> <p>Before the adoption of the metric system, several European countries had customary units whose name translates into "inch". The French <i><a href="/wiki/Pouce" class="mw-redirect" title="Pouce">pouce</a></i> measured roughly 27.0 mm, at least when applied to describe the calibre of artillery <a href="/wiki/Cannon" title="Cannon">pieces</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_units_of_measurement" title="Dutch units of measurement">Amsterdam foot</a> (<i>voet</i>) consisted of 11 Amsterdam inches (<i>duim</i>). The Amsterdam foot is about 8% shorter than an English foot.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scottish_inch">Scottish inch</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Scottish inch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The now obsolete <a href="/wiki/Obsolete_Scottish_units_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Obsolete Scottish units of measurement">Scottish inch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic language">Scottish Gaelic</a>: <i lang="gd">òirleach</i>), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">12</span></span>⁠</span> of a Scottish foot, was about 1.0016 imperial inches (about 25.44 mm).<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 23em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_units" title="English units">English units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_inch" title="Square inch">Square inch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cubic_inch" title="Cubic inch">Cubic inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_yard_and_pound" title="International yard and pound">International yard and pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthropic_units" title="Anthropic units">Anthropic units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_inch" title="Pyramid inch">Pyramid inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digit_(unit)" title="Digit (unit)">Digit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Line_(unit)" title="Line (unit)">Line</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A tenth of a <a href="/wiki/Thousandth_of_an_inch" title="Thousandth of an inch">thou</a>, used in <a href="/wiki/Machining" title="Machining">machining</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Used in <a href="/wiki/Machining" title="Machining">machining</a> and <a href="/wiki/Papermaking" title="Papermaking">papermaking</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Formerly used in <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a> but now often avoided to prevent confusion with <a href="/wiki/Millimetre" title="Millimetre">millimetres</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Used by the Australian <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Meteorology" title="Bureau of Meteorology">Bureau of Meteorology</a> for measuring rainfall until 1973<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-locke-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-locke_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-locke_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Part of <a href="/wiki/John_Locke" title="John Locke">John Locke</a>'s proposal for decimalization of English measures<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The typographic point was originally <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214402035"><span class="sfrac">⁠<span class="tion"><span class="num">1</span><span class="sr-only">/</span><span class="den">9</span></span>⁠</span> of the height of a (capital) letter (<a href="/wiki/Cap_height" title="Cap height">cap height</a>) but later acquired a number of different absolute definitions; see <a href="/wiki/Point_(typography)#History" title="Point (typography)">Point (typography) § History</a> for details.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Used in <a href="/wiki/Gunmaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunmaking">gunmaking</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Used in <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botany</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Used in <a href="/wiki/Button_(clothing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Button (clothing)">button</a> manufacturing.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Used in <a href="/wiki/Typography" title="Typography">typography</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Used in American and British <a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">shoe sizes</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Used in measuring the height of <a href="/wiki/Horse" title="Horse">horses</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Old_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English language">Old English</a>: <i lang="ang">Gif man þeoh þurhstingð, stice ghwilve vi scillingas. Gife ofer ynce, scilling. æt twam yncum, twegen. ofer þry, iii scill.</i> Translation (taken from <a href="#CITEREFAttenborough1922">Attenborough 1922</a>, p. 13): If a thigh is pierced right through, 6 shillings compensation shall be paid for each stab. For a stab over an inch [deep], 1 shilling; for a stab between 2 and 3 inches, 2 shillings; for a stab over 3 inches 3 shillings.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilkins1871_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilkins1871-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Duncan1984_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Duncan1984-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Unicode-U2000-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Unicode-U2000_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFUnicode_Consortium2019" class="citation web cs1">Unicode Consortium (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U2000.pdf">"The Unicode Standard 12.1 — General Punctuation ❰ Range: 2000—206F ❱"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Unicode.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Unicode.org&rft.atitle=The+Unicode+Standard+12.1+%E2%80%94+General+Punctuation+%E2%9D%B0+Range%3A+2000%E2%80%94206F+%E2%9D%B1&rft.date=2019&rft.au=Unicode+Consortium&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funicode.org%2Fcharts%2FPDF%2FU2000.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"inch, <i>n.<sup>1</sup></i>", <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>, Oxford: Oxford University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=inch%2C+n.%3Csup%3E1%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"ounce, <i>n.<sup>1</sup></i>", <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>, Oxford: Oxford University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=ounce%2C+n.%3Csup%3E1%3C%2Fsup%3E&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/inch">"Inch | unit of measurement"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Inch+%7C+unit+of+measurement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fscience%2Finch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onzetaal.nl/taalloket/duim-lengtemaat">"duim - lengtemaat"</a>. Genootschap Onze Taal<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=duim+-+lengtemaat&rft.pub=Genootschap+Onze+Taal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonzetaal.nl%2Ftaalloket%2Fduim-lengtemaat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omrekenen.nl/duim/">"duim"</a>. 24 May 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=duim&rft.date=2020-05-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omrekenen.nl%2Fduim%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://corpus.byu.edu/coca/">"Corpus of Contemporary American English"</a>. <i>Brigham Young University</i>. US<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 December</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brigham+Young+University&rft.atitle=Corpus+of+Contemporary+American+English&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcorpus.byu.edu%2Fcoca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span> lists 24,302 instances of inch(es) compared to 1548 instances of centimeter(s) and 1343 instances of millimeter(s).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/W-6.pdf">"Weights and Measures Act"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Canada. 1985. p. 37<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2018</span> – via Justice Laws Website.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weights+and+Measures+Act&rft.place=Canada&rft.pages=37&rft.date=1985&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaws-lois.justice.gc.ca%2FPDF%2FW-6.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/W-6/page-2.html#h-4/">"Weights and Measures Act"</a>. Canada. 1 August 2014. p. 2<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2014</span> – via Justice Laws Website.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weights+and+Measures+Act&rft.place=Canada&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2014-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaws-lois.justice.gc.ca%2Feng%2Facts%2FW-6%2Fpage-2.html%23h-4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span> Canadian units (5) The Canadian units of measurement are as set out and defined in Schedule II, and the symbols and abbreviations therefore are as added pursuant to subparagraph 6(1)(b)(ii).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bis-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bis_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bis_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110704232045/http://www.bis.gov.uk/assets/bispartners/nmo/docs/legislation/legislation/units-of-measurement/gnotes-for-public-sector-on-use-of-metric.pdf">"Guidance Note on the use of Metric Units of Measurement by the Public Sector"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. UK: Department for Business Innovation and Skills. 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bis.gov.uk/assets/bispartners/nmo/docs/legislation/legislation/units-of-measurement/gnotes-for-public-sector-on-use-of-metric.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Guidance+Note+on+the+use+of+Metric+Units+of+Measurement+by+the+Public+Sector&rft.place=UK&rft.pub=Department+for+Business+Innovation+and+Skills&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bis.gov.uk%2Fassets%2Fbispartners%2Fnmo%2Fdocs%2Flegislation%2Flegislation%2Funits-of-measurement%2Fgnotes-for-public-sector-on-use-of-metric.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2002/3113/schedule/2/made">"The Traffic Signs Regulations and General Directions 2002 - No. 3113 - Schedule 2 - Regulatory Signs"</a>. UK: The National Archives. 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Traffic+Signs+Regulations+and+General+Directions+2002+-+No.+3113+-+Schedule+2+-+Regulatory+Signs&rft.place=UK&rft.pub=The+National+Archives&rft.date=2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F2002%2F3113%2Fschedule%2F2%2Fmade&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.otto.de/technik/fernseher/">"Fernseher"</a> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Otto_GmbH" class="mw-redirect" title="Otto GmbH">Otto GmbH</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fernseher&rft.pub=Otto+GmbH&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.otto.de%2Ftechnik%2Ffernseher%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clasohlson.com/se/Nyckelsats-tum-Cocraft,-9-delar/p/40-7492">"Nyckelsats tum Cocraft, 9 delar"</a> (in Swedish). <a href="/wiki/Clas_Ohlson" title="Clas Ohlson">Clas Ohlson</a> Sweden<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nyckelsats+tum+Cocraft%2C+9+delar&rft.pub=Clas+Ohlson+Sweden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clasohlson.com%2Fse%2FNyckelsats-tum-Cocraft%2C-9-delar%2Fp%2F40-7492&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.clasohlson.com/se/Nyckelsats-mm-Cocraft,-9-delar/p/40-7491">"Nyckelsats mm Cocraft, 9 delar"</a> (in Swedish). <a href="/wiki/Clas_Ohlson" title="Clas Ohlson">Clas Ohlson</a> Sweden<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nyckelsats+mm+Cocraft%2C+9+delar&rft.pub=Clas+Ohlson+Sweden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clasohlson.com%2Fse%2FNyckelsats-mm-Cocraft%2C-9-delar%2Fp%2F40-7491&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlatchetPetiet1849" class="citation book cs1">Flatchet, E; Petiet, J (1849). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/studentsguideto00ptgoog"><i>The student's guide to the locomotive engine</i></a>. John Williams and Co. p. xi. <q>One Metre is equal to ... 30.371 inches"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+student%27s+guide+to+the+locomotive+engine&rft.pages=xi&rft.pub=John+Williams+and+Co&rft.date=1849&rft.aulast=Flatchet&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Petiet%2C+J&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fstudentsguideto00ptgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParkinson1967" class="citation book cs1">Parkinson, A C (1967). <i>Intermediate Engineering Drawing</i> (sixth ed.). p. 11. <q>The basic major dia is actually 1.309 in.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Intermediate+Engineering+Drawing&rft.pages=11&rft.edition=sixth&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Parkinson&rft.aufirst=A+C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/definitionsrain.shtml">"Climate Data Online – definition of rainfall statistics"</a>. Australia: <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Meteorology" title="Bureau of Meteorology">Bureau of Meteorology</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+Data+Online+%E2%80%93+definition+of+rainfall+statistics&rft.place=Australia&rft.pub=Bureau+of+Meteorology&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bom.gov.au%2Fclimate%2Fcdo%2Fabout%2Fdefinitionsrain.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLocke1714" class="citation cs2">"Of Human Understanding", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3n8PAAAAQAAJ"><i>The Works of John Locke Esq., </i>Vol. I<i><span></span></i></a>, London: John Churchill, 1714, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3n8PAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA293">293</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Of+Human+Understanding&rft.btitle=The+Works+of+John+Locke+Esq.%2C+Vol.+I&rft.place=London&rft.pages=293&rft.pub=John+Churchill&rft.date=1714&rft.aulast=Locke&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3n8PAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GoetzJarnut2003-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GoetzJarnut2003_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoetzJarnutPohl2003" class="citation book cs1">Goetz, Hans-Werner; Jarnut, Jörg; <a href="/wiki/Walter_Pohl" title="Walter Pohl">Pohl, Walter</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RovRlJkrncEC&pg=PA33"><i>Regna and Gentes: The Relationship Between Late Antique and Early Medieval Peoples and Kingdoms in the Transformation of the Roman World</i></a>. BRILL. p. 33. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-12524-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-12524-7"><bdi>978-90-04-12524-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Regna+and+Gentes%3A+The+Relationship+Between+Late+Antique+and+Early+Medieval+Peoples+and+Kingdoms+in+the+Transformation+of+the+Roman+World&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-90-04-12524-7&rft.aulast=Goetz&rft.aufirst=Hans-Werner&rft.au=Jarnut%2C+J%C3%B6rg&rft.au=Pohl%2C+Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRovRlJkrncEC%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilkins1871-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wilkins1871_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilkins1871" class="citation book cs1">Wilkins, David (1871). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/councilsandeccl04wilkgoog"><i>Councils and Ecclesiastical Documents Relating to Great Britain and Ireland: English church during the Anglo-Saxon period: A.D. 595-1066</i></a>. Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/councilsandeccl04wilkgoog/page/n72">48</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Councils+and+Ecclesiastical+Documents+Relating+to+Great+Britain+and+Ireland%3A+English+church+during+the+Anglo-Saxon+period%3A+A.D.+595-1066.&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1871&rft.aulast=Wilkins&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcouncilsandeccl04wilkgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Duncan1984-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Duncan1984_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuncan1984" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Otis_Dudley_Duncan" title="Otis Dudley Duncan">Duncan, Otis Dudley</a> (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5c459mDugI0C&pg=PA87"><i>Notes on social measurement: historical and critical</i></a>. US: Russell Sage Foundation. p. 87. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87154-219-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87154-219-9"><bdi>978-0-87154-219-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notes+on+social+measurement%3A+historical+and+critical&rft.place=US&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Russell+Sage+Foundation&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=978-0-87154-219-9&rft.aulast=Duncan&rft.aufirst=Otis+Dudley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5c459mDugI0C%26pg%3DPA87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klein-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Klein_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klein_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlein1974" class="citation book cs1">Klein, H. Arthur (1974). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldofmeasureme0000klei"><i>The world of measurements: masterpieces, mysteries and muddles of metrology</i></a></span>. New York, US: Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780671215651" title="Special:BookSources/9780671215651"><bdi>9780671215651</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+world+of+measurements%3A+masterpieces%2C+mysteries+and+muddles+of+metrology&rft.place=New+York%2C+US&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=9780671215651&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=H.+Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldofmeasureme0000klei&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawkesMills1999" class="citation book cs1">Hawkes, Jane; Mills, Susan (1999). <i>Northumbria's Golden Age</i>. UK: Sutton. p. 310. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-1685-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7509-1685-1"><bdi>978-0-7509-1685-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Northumbria%27s+Golden+Age&rft.place=UK&rft.pages=310&rft.pub=Sutton&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-7509-1685-1&rft.aulast=Hawkes&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft.au=Mills%2C+Susan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1867" class="citation book cs1">Williams, John (1867). "The civil arts – mensuration". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/traditionaryann00willgoog"><i>The Traditionary Annals of the Cymry</i></a>. Tenby, UK: R. Mason. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/traditionaryann00willgoog/page/n253">243</a>–245.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+civil+arts+%E2%80%93+mensuration&rft.btitle=The+Traditionary+Annals+of+the+Cymry&rft.place=Tenby%2C+UK&rft.pages=243-245&rft.pub=R.+Mason&rft.date=1867&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftraditionaryann00willgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swinton1789-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Swinton1789_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwinton1789" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Swinton,_Lord_Swinton" title="John Swinton, Lord Swinton">Swinton, John</a> (1789). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kHhbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA134"><i>A proposal for uniformity of weights and measures in Scotland</i></a>. printed for Peter Hill. p. 134.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+proposal+for+uniformity+of+weights+and+measures+in+Scotland&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=printed+for+Peter+Hill&rft.date=1789&rft.aulast=Swinton&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkHhbAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GemmillMayhew2006-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GemmillMayhew2006_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGemmillMayhew2006" class="citation book cs1">Gemmill, Elizabeth; Mayhew, Nicholas (22 June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=t1hmrzOSEagC&pg=PA113"><i>Changing Values in Medieval Scotland: A Study of Prices, Money, and Weights and Measures</i></a>. UK: Cambridge University Press. p. 113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-02709-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-02709-0"><bdi>978-0-521-02709-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Changing+Values+in+Medieval+Scotland%3A+A+Study+of+Prices%2C+Money%2C+and+Weights+and+Measures&rft.place=UK&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2006-06-22&rft.isbn=978-0-521-02709-0&rft.aulast=Gemmill&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft.au=Mayhew%2C+Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dt1hmrzOSEagC%26pg%3DPA113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Butler-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Butler_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Butler_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler1814" class="citation book cs1">Butler, Charles (1814). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aneasyintroduct01butlgoog"><i>An Easy Introduction to the Mathematics</i></a>. Oxford, UK: Bartlett and Newman. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aneasyintroduct01butlgoog/page/n64">61</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Easy+Introduction+to+the+Mathematics&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Bartlett+and+Newman&rft.date=1814&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faneasyintroduct01butlgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBouvier1843" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Bouvier, John (1843). "Barleycorn". <i>A Law Dictionary: With References to the Civil and Other Systems of Foreign Law</i>. Philadelphia, US: T. & J. W. Johnson. p. 188.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Barleycorn&rft.btitle=A+Law+Dictionary%3A+With+References+to+the+Civil+and+Other+Systems+of+Foreign+Law&rft.place=Philadelphia%2C+US&rft.pages=188&rft.pub=T.+%26+J.+W.+Johnson&rft.date=1843&rft.aulast=Bouvier&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong1842" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Long, George (1842). "Weights & Measures, Standard". <i>The Penny Cyclopædia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge</i>. London, UK: Charles Knight & Co. p. 436.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Weights+%26+Measures%2C+Standard&rft.btitle=The+Penny+Cyclop%C3%A6dia+of+the+Society+for+the+Diffusion+of+Useful+Knowledge&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=436&rft.pub=Charles+Knight+%26+Co.&rft.date=1842&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJudson1963" class="citation book cs1">Judson, Lewis V (October 1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GXWfglKg11MC&q=1838+gallon+231+congress&pg=PA8"><i>Weights and Measures Standards of the United States - a brief history - NBS publication 447</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">United States Department of Commerce</a>. p. 10–11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Weights+and+Measures+Standards+of+the+United+States+-+a+brief+history+-+NBS+publication+447&rft.pages=10-11&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Commerce&rft.date=1963-10&rft.aulast=Judson&rft.aufirst=Lewis+V&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGXWfglKg11MC%26q%3D1838%2Bgallon%2B231%2Bcongress%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mendenhall-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mendenhall_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFT._C._Mendenhall,_Superintendent_of_Standard_Weights_and_Measures1893" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Corwin_Mendenhall" title="Thomas Corwin Mendenhall">T. C. Mendenhall, Superintendent of Standard Weights and Measures</a> (5 April 1893). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120930180925/http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP447/app3.pdf">"Appendix 6 to the Report for 1893 of the Coast and Geodetic Survey"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://physics.nist.gov/Pubs/SP447/app3.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 30 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Appendix+6+to+the+Report+for+1893+of+the+Coast+and+Geodetic+Survey&rft.date=1893-04-05&rft.au=T.+C.+Mendenhall%2C+Superintendent+of+Standard+Weights+and+Measures&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphysics.nist.gov%2FPubs%2FSP447%2Fapp3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mitutoyo.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/E12016-History-of-The-Gage-Block.pdf#page=8">"The History of Gauge Blocks"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>mitutoyo.com</i>. Mitutoyo Corporation. 2013. p. 8<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mitutoyo.com&rft.atitle=The+History+of+Gauge+Blocks&rft.pages=8&rft.date=2013&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmitutoyo.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2013%2F07%2FE12016-History-of-The-Gage-Block.pdf%23page%3D8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaillard1943" class="citation book cs1">Gaillard, John (October 1943). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3rUaAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA293"><i>Industrial Standardization and Commercial Standards Monthly</i></a>. p. 293<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Industrial+Standardization+and+Commercial+Standards+Monthly&rft.pages=293&rft.date=1943-10&rft.aulast=Gaillard&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3rUaAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA293&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCochrane1966" class="citation book cs1">Cochrane, Rexmond C. (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NiEEAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA200"><i>Measures for Progress. NIST Special Publication, isue 275</i></a>. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 200. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/65-62472">65-62472</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Measures+for+Progress.+NIST+Special+Publication%2C+isue+275.&rft.pages=200&rft.pub=U.S.+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1966&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F65-62472&rft.aulast=Cochrane&rft.aufirst=Rexmond+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNiEEAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MeasuresStandards1936-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MeasuresStandards1936_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1936" class="citation conference cs1">Lewis, Herbert B. (1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WDgJAQAAMAAJ&pg=PARA3-PA4"><i>The Viewpoint of industry concerned with interchangeable manufacturing toward the proposal to standardize the inch</i></a>. National Twenty-Eight Conference on Weights and Measures. US: National Bureau of Standards. p. 4<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=The+Viewpoint+of+industry+concerned+with+interchangeable+manufacturing+toward+the+proposal+to+standardize+the+inch&rft.place=US&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=National+Bureau+of+Standards&rft.date=1936&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Herbert+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWDgJAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPARA3-PA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WandmacherJohnson1995-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WandmacherJohnson1995_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWandmacherJohnson1995" class="citation book cs1">Wandmacher, Cornelius; Johnson, Arnold Ivan (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v5AGFgpcK_wC&pg=PA265"><i>Metric Units in Engineering--going SI: How to Use the International Systems of Measurement Units (SI) to Solve Standard Engineering Problems</i></a>. ASCE Publications. p. 265. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7844-0070-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7844-0070-8"><bdi>978-0-7844-0070-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Metric+Units+in+Engineering--going+SI%3A+How+to+Use+the+International+Systems+of+Measurement+Units+%28SI%29+to+Solve+Standard+Engineering+Problems&rft.pages=265&rft.pub=ASCE+Publications&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-7844-0070-8&rft.aulast=Wandmacher&rft.aufirst=Cornelius&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Arnold+Ivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv5AGFgpcK_wC%26pg%3DPA265&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHowlett1959" class="citation journal cs1">Howlett, L. E. (1 January 1959). "Announcement on the International Yard and Pound". <i>Canadian Journal of Physics</i>. <b>37</b> (1): 84. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1959CaJPh..37...84H">1959CaJPh..37...84H</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1139%2Fp59-014">10.1139/p59-014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Physics&rft.atitle=Announcement+on+the+International+Yard+and+Pound&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=84&rft.date=1959-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1139%2Fp59-014&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1959CaJPh..37...84H&rft.aulast=Howlett&rft.aufirst=L.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MeasuresStandards1957-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MeasuresStandards1957_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Conference_on_Weights_and_MeasuresUnited_States._Bureau_of_StandardsNational_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology_(US)1957" class="citation book cs1">National Conference on Weights and Measures; United States. Bureau of Standards; <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">National Institute of Standards and Technology (US)</a> (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CEgJAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA45"><i>Report of the ... National Conference on Weights and Measures</i></a>. US Department of Commerce, Bureau of Standards. pp. <span class="nowrap">45–</span>6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+...+National+Conference+on+Weights+and+Measures&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E45-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&rft.pub=US+Department+of+Commerce%2C+Bureau+of+Standards&rft.date=1957&rft.au=National+Conference+on+Weights+and+Measures&rft.au=United+States.+Bureau+of+Standards&rft.au=National+Institute+of+Standards+and+Technology+%28US%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCEgJAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA45&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FR59-5442-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FR59-5442_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAstinKaroMueller1959" class="citation web cs1">Astin, A.V.; Karo, H. A.; Mueller, F.H. (25 June 1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/FedRegister/FRdoc59-5442.pdf">"Refinement of Values for the Yard and the Pound"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. US <a href="/wiki/Federal_Register" title="Federal Register">Federal Register</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Refinement+of+Values+for+the+Yard+and+the+Pound&rft.pub=US+Federal+Register&rft.date=1959-06-25&rft.aulast=Astin&rft.aufirst=A.V.&rft.au=Karo%2C+H.+A.&rft.au=Mueller%2C+F.H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngs.noaa.gov%2FPUBS_LIB%2FFedRegister%2FFRdoc59-5442.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Standards1959-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Standards1959_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States._National_Bureau_of_Standards1959" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">United States. National Bureau of Standards</a> (1959). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4aWN-VRV1AoC&pg=PA13"><i>Research Highlights of the National Bureau of Standards</i></a>. US Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards. p. 13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Research+Highlights+of+the+National+Bureau+of+Standards&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=US+Department+of+Commerce%2C+National+Bureau+of+Standards&rft.date=1959&rft.au=United+States.+National+Bureau+of+Standards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4aWN-VRV1AoC%26pg%3DPA13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JudsonStandards1976-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JudsonStandards1976_54-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis_Van_Hagen_JudsonUnited_States._National_Bureau_of_Standards1976" class="citation book cs1">Lewis Van Hagen Judson; <a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology" title="National Institute of Standards and Technology">United States. National Bureau of Standards</a> (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_o4XQ7KCv5E0C"><i>Weights and measures standards of the United States: a brief history</i></a>. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards : for sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. Govt. Print. Off. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_o4XQ7KCv5E0C/page/n36">30</a>–1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Weights+and+measures+standards+of+the+United+States%3A+a+brief+history&rft.pages=30-1&rft.pub=Dept.+of+Commerce%2C+National+Bureau+of+Standards+%3A+for+sale+by+the+Supt.+of+Docs.%2C+U.S.+Govt.+Print.+Off.&rft.date=1976&rft.au=Lewis+Van+Hagen+Judson&rft.au=United+States.+National+Bureau+of+Standards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_o4XQ7KCv5E0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Statutory Rule No. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/C2004L00578">Australian Government ComLaw <i>Weights and Measures (National Standards) Regulations - C2004L00578</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weights and Measures Act of 1963.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2002/195.html">"Thoburn v Sunderland City Council [2002] EWHC 195 (Admin)"</a>. England and Wales High Court. 18 February 2002 – via British and Irish Legal Information Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thoburn+v+Sunderland+City+Council+%5B2002%5D+EWHC+195+%28Admin%29&rft.pub=England+and+Wales+High+Court&rft.date=2002-02-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bailii.org%2Few%2Fcases%2FEWHC%2FAdmin%2F2002%2F195.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130126164151/http://www.npl.co.uk/reference/faqs/on-what-basis-is-one-inch-exactly-equal-to-25.4-mm-has-the-imperial-inch-been-adjusted-to-give-this-exact-fit-and-if-so-when-(faq-length)">"On what basis is one inch exactly equal to 25.4 mm? Has the imperial inch been adjusted to give this exact fit and if so when?"</a>. National Physical Laboratory. 25 March 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.npl.co.uk/reference/faqs/on-what-basis-is-one-inch-exactly-equal-to-25.4-mm-has-the-imperial-inch-been-adjusted-to-give-this-exact-fit-and-if-so-when-(faq-length)">the original</a> on 26 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+what+basis+is+one+inch+exactly+equal+to+25.4+mm%3F+Has+the+imperial+inch+been+adjusted+to+give+this+exact+fit+and+if+so+when%3F&rft.pub=National+Physical+Laboratory&rft.date=2010-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npl.co.uk%2Freference%2Ffaqs%2Fon-what-basis-is-one-inch-exactly-equal-to-25.4-mm-has-the-imperial-inch-been-adjusted-to-give-this-exact-fit-and-if-so-when-%28faq-length%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Astin-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Astin_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Astin_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. V. Astin & H. Arnold Karo, (1959), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/PUBS_LIB/FedRegister/FRdoc59-5442.pdf"><i>Refinement of values for the yard and the pound</i></a>, Washington DC: National Bureau of Standards, republished on National Geodetic Survey web site and the Federal Register (Doc. 59-5442, Filed, 30 June 1959, 8:45 am)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaterese2019" class="citation web cs1">Materese, Robin (26 July 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/pml/us-surveyfoot">"U.S. Survey Foot"</a>. <i>NIST</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NIST&rft.atitle=U.S.+Survey+Foot&rft.date=2019-07-26&rft.aulast=Materese&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nist.gov%2Fpml%2Fus-surveyfoot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">*<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_Gelder1824" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">de Gelder, Jacob (1824). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XYVbAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA166"><i>Allereerste Gronden der Cijferkunst</i></a> [<i>Introduction to Numeracy</i>] (in Dutch). The Hague: de Gebroeders van Cleef. p. 166<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Allereerste+Gronden+der+Cijferkunst&rft.place=The+Hague&rft.pages=166&rft.pub=de+Gebroeders+van+Cleef&rft.date=1824&rft.aulast=de+Gelder&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXYVbAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsl.ac.uk/entry/snd/snds3729">"Dictionary of the Scots Language"</a>. Edinburgh: Scottish Language Dictionaries<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+the+Scots+Language&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pub=Scottish+Language+Dictionaries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdsl.ac.uk%2Fentry%2Fsnd%2Fsnds3729&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inch&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAttenborough1922" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Attenborough" title="Frederick Attenborough">Attenborough, F. L.</a> (1922), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cu31924070153519"><i>The Laws of the Earliest English Kings</i></a> (Llanerch Press Facsimile Reprint 2000 ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86143-101-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86143-101-1"><bdi>978-1-86143-101-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2018</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Laws+of+the+Earliest+English+Kings&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=Llanerch+Press+Facsimile+Reprint+2000&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1922&rft.isbn=978-1-86143-101-1&rft.aulast=Attenborough&rft.aufirst=F.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcu31924070153519&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AInch" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Imperial_units193" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Imperial_units" title="Template:Imperial units"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Imperial_units" title="Template talk:Imperial units"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial_units" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial units"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Imperial_units193" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units">Imperial units</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_the_imperial_and_US_customary_measurement_systems" title="Comparison of the imperial and US customary measurement systems">Comparison with US customary system</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Length</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twip" title="Twip">Twip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousandth_of_an_inch" title="Thousandth of an inch">Thousandth of an inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barleycorn_(unit)" title="Barleycorn (unit)">Barleycorn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_(unit)" title="Hand (unit)">Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_(unit)" title="Link (unit)">Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yard" title="Yard">Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathom" title="Fathom">Fathom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_(unit)" title="Rod (unit)">Rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_(unit)" title="Chain (unit)">Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunter%27s_chain" title="Gunter's chain">Gunter's chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furlong" title="Furlong">Furlong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_length" title="Cable length">Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">Mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">Nautical mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_(unit)" title="League (unit)">League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Square_inch" title="Square inch">Square inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_foot" title="Square foot">Square foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_yard" title="Square yard">Square yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perch_(area)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perch (area)">Perch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rood_(unit)" title="Rood (unit)">Rood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acre" title="Acre">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_mile" title="Square mile">Square mile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Volume</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derived</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_inch" title="Cubic inch">Cubic inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_foot" title="Cubic foot">Cubic foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoppus" title="Hoppus">Hoppus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_yard" title="Cubic yard">Cubic yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_mile" title="Cubic mile">Cubic mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tmcft" title="Tmcft">Tmcft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cooking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teaspoon" title="Teaspoon">Teaspoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablespoon" title="Tablespoon">Tablespoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluid_ounce" title="Fluid ounce">Fluid ounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup_(unit)" title="Cup (unit)">Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pint" title="Pint">Pint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quart" title="Quart">Quart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_gallon" title="Trade gallon">Trade gallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallon" title="Gallon">Gallon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaldron" title="Chaldron">Chaldron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minim_(unit)" title="Minim (unit)">Minim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_(unit)" title="Gill (unit)">Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scruple_(unit)" title="Scruple (unit)">Fluid Scruple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dram_(unit)" title="Dram (unit)">Fluid Drachm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peck" title="Peck">Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushel" title="Bushel">Bushel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel_(unit)" title="Barrel (unit)">Barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuck_(unit)" title="Stuck (unit)">Stuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogshead" title="Hogshead">Hogshead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miles_per_hour" title="Miles per hour">Miles per hour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mass</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grain_(unit)" title="Grain (unit)">Grain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dram_(unit)" title="Dram (unit)">Drachm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ounce" title="Ounce">Ounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_(mass)" title="Pound (mass)">Pound (mass)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_(unit)" title="Stone (unit)">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(unit)" title="Quarter (unit)">Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slug_(unit)" title="Slug (unit)">Slug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_hundred" title="Long hundred">Long hundred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundredweight" title="Hundredweight">Hundredweight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_load" title="Ship load">Ship load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Ton" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Ton">Ton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pressure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ksi_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ksi (unit)">Ksi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pounds_per_square_inch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pounds per square inch">Pounds per square inch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other units and measures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_thermal_unit" title="British thermal unit">British thermal unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">Degree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankine_scale" title="Rankine scale">Rankine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot-candle" title="Foot-candle">Foot-candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot-pound_(energy)" title="Foot-pound (energy)">Foot-pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot-poundal" title="Foot-poundal">Foot-poundal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">Horsepower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsepower-hour" title="Horsepower-hour">Horsepower-hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenning_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenning (unit)">Kenning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_(force)" title="Pound (force)">Pound (force)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound-foot_(torque)" title="Pound-foot (torque)">Pound-foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poundal" title="Poundal">Poundal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Span_(unit)" title="Span (unit)">Span</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_count" title="Spinning count">Spinning count</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avoirdupois_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Avoirdupois system">Avoirdupois system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_units" title="English units">English units</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_measure" title="Winchester measure">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchequer_Standards" title="Exchequer Standards">Exchequer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Engineering_units" class="mw-redirect" title="English Engineering units">English Engineering units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot%E2%80%93pound%E2%80%93second_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Foot–pound–second system">Foot–pound–second system (FPS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-foot_equivalent_unit" title="Twenty-foot equivalent unit">Twenty-foot equivalent unit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_customary_units214" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Customary_Units" title="Template:United States Customary Units"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Customary_Units" title="Template talk:United States Customary Units"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Customary_Units" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Customary Units"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_customary_units214" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_customary_units" title="United States customary units">United States customary units</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_the_imperial_and_US_customary_measurement_systems" title="Comparison of the imperial and US customary measurement systems">Comparison with imperial unit system</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Length</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thousandth_of_an_inch" title="Thousandth of an inch">Thousandth of an inch</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_(unit)" title="Hand (unit)">Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_(unit)" title="Link (unit)">Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yard" title="Yard">Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_(unit)" title="Rod (unit)">Rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chain_(unit)" title="Chain (unit)">Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furlong" title="Furlong">Furlong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">Mile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statute_mile" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute mile">statute</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Square_inch" title="Square inch">Square inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_foot" title="Square foot">Square foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_yard" title="Square yard">Square yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acre" title="Acre">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_mile" title="Square mile">Square mile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Volume</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derived</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_inch" title="Cubic inch">Cubic inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_foot" title="Cubic foot">Cubic foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_yard" title="Cubic yard">Cubic yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_mile" title="Cubic mile">Cubic mile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cooking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teaspoon" title="Teaspoon">Teaspoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablespoon" title="Tablespoon">Tablespoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluid_ounce" title="Fluid ounce">Fluid ounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup_(unit)" title="Cup (unit)">Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pint" title="Pint">Pint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quart" title="Quart">Quart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallon" title="Gallon">Gallon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wood</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Board_foot" title="Board foot">Board foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord_(unit)" title="Cord (unit)">Cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_cord" title="Face cord">Face cord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minim_(unit)" title="Minim (unit)">Minim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_(unit)" title="Gill (unit)">Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peck" title="Peck">Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushel" title="Bushel">Bushel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel_(unit)" title="Barrel (unit)">Barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acre-foot" title="Acre-foot">Acre-foot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feet_per_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Feet per second">Feet per second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_per_hour" title="Miles per hour">Miles per hour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mass</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grain_(unit)" title="Grain (unit)">Grain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dram_(unit)" title="Dram (unit)">Dram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ounce" title="Ounce">Ounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_(mass)" title="Pound (mass)">Pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundredweight" title="Hundredweight">Hundredweight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">Ton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_ton" title="Short ton">Short</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poundal" title="Poundal">Poundal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_(force)" title="Pound (force)">Pound-force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kip_(unit)" title="Kip (unit)">Kip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pressure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inch_of_mercury" title="Inch of mercury">Inch of mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pounds_per_square_inch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pounds per square inch">Pounds per square inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ksi_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ksi (unit)">Kilopounds per square inch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other units and measures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_(cloth)" title="Bolt (cloth)">Bolt (cloth)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_thermal_unit" title="British thermal unit">British thermal unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">Degree (angle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot-candle" title="Foot-candle">Foot-candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot-lambert" title="Foot-lambert">Foot-lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot-pound_(energy)" title="Foot-pound (energy)">Foot-pound (energy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">Horsepower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perm_(unit)" title="Perm (unit)">Perm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound-foot_(torque)" title="Pound-foot (torque)">Pound-foot (torque)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_count" title="Spinning count">Spinning count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ton_of_refrigeration" title="Ton of refrigeration">Ton of refrigeration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_wire_gauge" title="American wire gauge">American wire gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoirdupois_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Avoirdupois system">Avoirdupois system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_jewelry_sizes" title="Body jewelry sizes">Body jewelry sizes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Engineering_Units" title="English Engineering Units">English Engineering Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot%E2%80%93pound%E2%80%93second_system_of_units" title="Foot–pound–second system of units">Foot–pound–second system of units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218593#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata604" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218593#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata604" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218593#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1750261/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2008006743">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007564113905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inch&oldid=1276534480">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inch&oldid=1276534480</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Customary_units_of_measurement_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Customary units of measurement in the United States">Customary units of measurement in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Imperial_units" title="Category:Imperial units">Imperial units</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Units_of_length" title="Category:Units of length">Units of length</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Obsolete_Scottish_units_of_measurement" title="Category:Obsolete Scottish units of measurement">Obsolete Scottish units of measurement</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Old_English_(ca._450-1100)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text">Articles containing Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Swedish-language_sources_(sv)" title="Category:CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)">CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)" title="Category:CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)">CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_August_2021" title="Category:Use British English from August 2021">Use British English from August 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2022">Use dmy dates from April 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_plain_IPA" title="Category:Pages with plain IPA">Pages with plain IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_October_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from October 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from October 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Catalan-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Catalan-language text">Articles containing Catalan-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Czech-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Czech-language text">Articles containing Czech-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Norwegian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Norwegian-language text">Articles containing Norwegian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Dutch-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Dutch-language text">Articles containing Dutch-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Afrikaans-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Afrikaans-language text">Articles containing Afrikaans-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Russian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Russian-language text">Articles containing Russian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Georgian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Georgian-language text">Articles containing Georgian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hungarian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hungarian-language text">Articles containing Hungarian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Italian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Italian-language text">Articles containing Italian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Portuguese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Portuguese-language text">Articles containing Portuguese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Slovak-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Slovak-language text">Articles containing Slovak-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Spanish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Spanish-language text">Articles containing Spanish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Swedish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Swedish-language text">Articles containing Swedish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2020" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_Calculator" title="Category:Pages using gadget Calculator">Pages using gadget Calculator</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Scottish_Gaelic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Scottish Gaelic-language text">Articles containing Scottish Gaelic-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 February 2025, at 12:07<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Inch&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Inch</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>96 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-65b64b4b74-48r4v","wgBackendResponseTime":129,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.083","walltime":"1.260","ppvisitednodes":{"value":7303,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":159401,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7725,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":203027,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1120.294 1 -total"," 33.72% 377.813 2 Template:Reflist"," 15.80% 177.044 20 Template:Cite_web"," 13.03% 145.975 17 Template:Langx"," 9.48% 106.232 19 Template:Cite_book"," 7.67% 85.872 4 Template:Navbox"," 7.05% 78.983 1 Template:Imperial_units"," 6.26% 70.116 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.45% 61.005 1 Template:Infobox_unit"," 5.21% 58.422 13 Template:Efn"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.675","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":19581146,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAstinKaroMueller1959\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAttenborough1922\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBouvier1843\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFButler1814\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCochrane1966\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuncan1984\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFlatchetPetiet1849\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaillard1943\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGemmillMayhew2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoetzJarnutPohl2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHawkesMills1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHowlett1959\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJudson1963\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlein1974\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis1936\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis_Van_Hagen_JudsonUnited_States._National_Bureau_of_Standards1976\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLocke1714\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLong1842\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaterese2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNational_Conference_on_Weights_and_MeasuresUnited_States._Bureau_of_StandardsNational_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology_(US)1957\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParkinson1967\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSwinton1789\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFT._C._Mendenhall,_Superintendent_of_Standard_Weights_and_Measures1893\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnicode_Consortium2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_States._National_Bureau_of_Standards1959\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWandmacherJohnson1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilkins1871\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams1867\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_Gelder1824\"] = 1,\n [\"Etymology\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"Anchor\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Calculator\"] = 21,\n [\"Citation\"] = 4,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 19,\n [\"Cite conference\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite encyclopedia\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 20,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 2,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 2,\n [\"Efn\"] = 13,\n [\"Google book\"] = 1,\n [\"Google books\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 5,\n [\"Imperial units\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox unit\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 5,\n [\"Lang-ka\"] = 1,\n [\"Langx\"] = 17,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 2,\n [\"Nts\"] = 2,\n [\"Pprime\"] = 6,\n [\"Prime\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Section link\"] = 2,\n [\"Sfrac\"] = 14,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"United States Customary Units\"] = 1,\n [\"Use British English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-65b64b4b74-8kh87","timestamp":"20250219120711","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Inch","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Inch","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q218593","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q218593","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-29T01:40:25Z","dateModified":"2025-02-19T12:07:03Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c8\/3_inch_zoll_pipe.jpg","headline":"unit of length"}</script> </body> </html>