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Electron Microscopy</span></a><meta ></span> <span aria-label="breadcrumb separator">/</span> <span class="breadcrumb-current-title">Phenom XL G2 SEM Advances Mineralogy and Microbiology Research on Selvagens Islands Expedition</span></div></div></header> <section class="hero-banner" style="background-image:url(https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/materials/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2022/03/selvagens-blog_ana_2.jpg)"> </section> <div class="site-inner"><div class="content-sidebar-wrap"><main class="content"><article class="post-12492 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail category-desktop-sem category-fundamental-materials-research category-scanning-electron-microscopy entry" aria-label="Phenom XL G2 SEM Advances Mineralogy and Microbiology Research on Selvagens Islands Expedition"><header class="entry-header"><h1 class="entry-title">Phenom XL G2 SEM Advances Mineralogy and Microbiology Research on Selvagens Islands Expedition</h1> <span class="post-info-author"> By <a href="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/author/rogiermiltenburg/" title="Posts by Rogier Miltenburg" rel="author">Rogier Miltenburg</a> </span> <span class="post-info-date"> 03.10.2022 </span> </header><div class="entry-content"><p>Ever since volcanic caves were discovered on Mars, researchers have wondered whether these caverns hold the key to understanding whether microbial life has existed on the Red Planet. To prepare themselves for future manned missions, researchers have begun to explore the microbiology and mineralogy of volcanic caves on Earth with greater intensity.</p> <p>Among the scientists working on cave research is Ana Zélia Miller, a geomicrobiologist at the Institute of Natural Resources of Agrobiology of Seville (IRNAS-CSIC) and research member at the HERCULES Laboratory at Évora University in Portugal. To learn more about volcanic caves on Earth, Miller brought 17 researchers together from seven countries for an expedition to the Selvagens Islands, a remote archipelago in the North Atlantic.</p> <h2 style="font-size: 100%"><strong>A multi-disciplinary approach to cave research</strong></h2> <p>Known as the Microceno Project, the expedition was timed with the International Year of the Caves and Karst and the 50th anniversary of the Selvagens Islands’ establishment as a natural reserve.</p> <p>Miller assembled a team with varied scientific expertise including microbiology, mineralogy, geology, astrobiology, and paleoclimatology, taking a multi-disciplinary approach the same way scientists would if they were on a manned mission to Mars. Team members also wanted to test possible instruments they could bring with them on future planetary expeditions, including the <a href="https://ter.li/3jkoqs">Thermo Scientific Phenom XL G2 Scanning Electron Microscope</a> (SEM), the first-ever SEM to be used in field research.</p> <h2 style="font-size: 100%"><strong>Searching for past microbial life </strong></h2> <p>In addition to serving as project leader, Miller led microbiology research during the expedition, investigating how previously undiscovered bacteria and their enzymatic activity may contribute to the development of new antibiotics and therapeutics. These bacteria are also of interest to the astrobiology field since they can serve as models for the search of past microbial life in volcanic caves found on Mars.</p> <p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-12493 aligncenter" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/materials/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2022/03/selvagens-blog_ana_1.jpg" alt="" width="915" height="610" srcset="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/materials/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2022/03/selvagens-blog_ana_1.jpg 1430w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/materials/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2022/03/selvagens-blog_ana_1-300x200.jpg 300w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/materials/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2022/03/selvagens-blog_ana_1-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/materials/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2022/03/selvagens-blog_ana_1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/materials/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2022/03/selvagens-blog_ana_1-96x65.jpg 96w" sizes="(max-width: 915px) 100vw, 915px" /></p> <p style="text-align: center"><em>Researchers collect samples on the inner wall of a cave to determine what organisms are present.</em></p> <p>“This expedition was an important step forward because it allowed us to explore the broad diversity of our planet in a pristine environment free from human intervention,” says Miller. “Our research has important implications for the pharmaceutical industry as we analyze the microbial properties of the microorganisms we found and whether the products of their metabolism can be used for antibiotics. For astrobiology, this research can help us recognize the signatures of microbial life on other planets, particularly on Mars.”</p> <h2 style="font-size: 100%"><strong>Optimizing samples for microbiology research with the Phenom XL G2 Desktop SEM</strong></h2> <p>Taking along a Phenom XL G2 Desktop SEM enabled researchers to quickly and immediately analyze microorganisms present on rock fragments and speleothems collected in the caves. This, in turn, helped them optimize sample collection by ensuring they had enough high-quality samples to take back with them for additional laboratory analysis.</p> <p><img decoding="async" class="alignnone wp-image-12494 aligncenter" title="Researchers study caves to prepare for microbiology research on Mars" src="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/materials/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2022/03/selvagens-blog_ana_2.jpg" alt="Researchers study caves to prepare for microbiology research on Mars" width="910" height="512" srcset="https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/materials/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2022/03/selvagens-blog_ana_2.jpg 1431w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/materials/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2022/03/selvagens-blog_ana_2-300x169.jpg 300w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/materials/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2022/03/selvagens-blog_ana_2-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://www.thermofisher.com/blog/materials/wp-content/uploads/sites/7/2022/03/selvagens-blog_ana_2-768x432.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 910px) 100vw, 910px" /></p> <p style="text-align: center"><em>Geomicrobiology expert Ana Zélia Miller observes and collects samples from an interior wall of a volcanic cave in the Selvagens Islands.</em></p> <p>“Having the portable Phenom SEM in the field was a real technological breakthrough because it allowed us to bring the laboratory to the field and expedite our work,” Miller says. “Because we could analyze samples in the field, it allowed us to select the most interesting samples and to collect enough high-quality samples for further analysis using different techniques.”</p> <h2 style="font-size: 100%"><strong>Using the Phenom XL G2 Desktop SEM for future Mars missions</strong></h2> <p>The expedition provided the opportunity for scientists from different disciplines to explore one of the most unique natural laboratories in the world. Miller believes this multi-disciplinary approach will become increasingly common with future field experiments. “Multi-disciplinary collaboration is the future, and it’s what gave us such outstanding results,” she says. “We combined field exploration and teamwork, and we were also exposed to different cultures. I learned a lot, not just from the scientific perspective, but from a personal one. It was an incredible experience.”</p> <p>While the research continues, Miller says the expedition unveiled the high levels of biodiversity found within the volcanic caves. It also demonstrated the benefits of bringing the Phenom XL G2 Desktop SEM and other cutting-edge technology on future Mars missions to help researchers detect the possible presence of microbial life in the underground caves there as well.</p> <p>“The entire team, comprising different fields of science, were all interested in using this equipment in the field,” she says. “The possibilities are huge for future experiments and it’s really important to include these powerful tools.”</p> <p><em>The researchers on the expedition would like to acknowledge the Institute for Nature Conservation and Forests and the Selvagens Islands Nature Reserve for making this expedition possible.</em></p> <p><em>//</em></p> <p><em>To learn more about mineralogy and microbiology research with the Phenom XL G2 Desktop SEM, and how it assisted scientists with their discoveries during the Selvagens Islands expedition, please see our previous blog post, </em><a href="https://ter.li/9v9def">Phenom XL G2 SEM Accompanies Scientists on First-Ever Field Expedition Using a Portable SEM</a><em>, and stay tuned to learn more from another research scientist’s perspective. Also, visit our <a href="https://ter.li/3jkoqs">Phenom XL G2 Desktop SEM</a> webpage. </em></p> <p><em> </em><em>//</em></p> <p><em> </em>Rogier Miltenburg is an applications and product specialist at Thermo Fisher Scientific.</p> <aside class="mashsb-container mashsb-main "><div class="mashsb_above_buttons">Share this article </div><div class="mashsb-box"><div class="mashsb-count mash-large" style="float:left"><div class="counts mashsbcount">43</div><span class="mashsb-sharetext">SHARES</span></div><div class="mashsb-buttons"><a class="mashicon-facebook mash-large mashsb-noshadow" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thermofisher.com%2Fblog%2Fmaterials%2Fphenom-xl-g2-sem-advances-mineralogy-and-microbiology-research-on-selvagens-islands-expedition%2F" target="_top" rel="nofollow"><span class="icon"></span><span class="text">Facebook</span></a><a class="mashicon-linkedin mash-large mashsb-noshadow" 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