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data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Karakteristike" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karakteristike"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Karakteristike</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Karakteristike-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Karakteristike</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Karakteristike-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Struktura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Struktura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Struktura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Struktura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uzroci_nastanka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uzroci_nastanka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Uzroci nastanka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uzroci_nastanka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tektonski_procesi_koji_stvaraju_planinske_masive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tektonski_procesi_koji_stvaraju_planinske_masive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Tektonski procesi koji stvaraju planinske masive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tektonski_procesi_koji_stvaraju_planinske_masive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sile_i_procesi_koji_stvaraju_i_nose_planinske_masive" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sile_i_procesi_koji_stvaraju_i_nose_planinske_masive"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Sile i procesi koji stvaraju i nose planinske masive</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sile_i_procesi_koji_stvaraju_i_nose_planinske_masive-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Najveći_planinski_masivi_na_zemlji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Najveći_planinski_masivi_na_zemlji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Najveći planinski masivi na zemlji</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Najveći_planinski_masivi_na_zemlji-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Uključi/isključi podsekciju Najveći planinski masivi na zemlji</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Najveći_planinski_masivi_na_zemlji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alpsko-himalajski_tip_masiva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alpsko-himalajski_tip_masiva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Alpsko-himalajski tip masiva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alpsko-himalajski_tip_masiva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vatreni_pojas_Pacifika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vatreni_pojas_Pacifika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Vatreni pojas Pacifika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vatreni_pojas_Pacifika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ande" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ande"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Ande</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ande-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Karipski_masiv" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Karipski_masiv"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Karipski masiv</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Karipski_masiv-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uticaj_planinskih_masiva_na_klimu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uticaj_planinskih_masiva_na_klimu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Uticaj planinskih masiva na klimu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uticaj_planinskih_masiva_na_klimu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_veze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_veze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Vanjske veze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_veze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Planinski masiv</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 112 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-112" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">112 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergreeks" title="Bergreeks — Afrikanerski" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Bergreeks" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikanerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebirge" title="Gebirge — Švajcarsko nemački" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gebirge" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Švajcarsko nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordelera" title="Cordelera — Aragonežanski" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cordelera" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonežanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="سلسلة جبلية — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلسلة جبلية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87" title="سلسله جبليه — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سلسله جبليه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordal" title="Cordal — Asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cordal" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B3%D3%80%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB_%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%81" title="МугӀрузул рахас — Avarski" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="МугӀрузул рахас" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="परबत माला — Avadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="परबत माला" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Avadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khunu_qullu" title="Khunu qullu — Ajmara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Khunu qullu" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Ajmara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Da%C4%9F_silsil%C9%99si" title="Dağ silsiləsi — Azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dağ silsiləsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%BA" title="سیراداغ — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سیراداغ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83_%D2%BB%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Тау һырты — Baškir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тау һырты" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baškir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabukidan" title="Kabukidan — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kabukidan" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%85%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Горны хрыбет — Beloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Горны хрыбет" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Beloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%81%D1%8C%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%B3" title="Горны сьцяг — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Горны сьцяг" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0" title="Планинска верига — Bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Планинска верига" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="परबत माला — Biharski" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="परबत माला" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Biharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aradennad_venezio%C3%B9" title="Aradennad venezioù — Bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Aradennad venezioù" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planinski_lanac" title="Planinski lanac — Bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Planinski lanac" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serralada" title="Serralada — Katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Serralada" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B3%D3%80_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%84)" title="РагӀ (рельеф) — Čečenski" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="РагӀ (рельеф)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Čečenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%95%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="زنجیرەچیا — centralnokurdski" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زنجیرەچیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="centralnokurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poho%C5%99%C3%AD" title="Pohoří — Češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pohoří" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjergk%C3%A6de" title="Bjergkæde — Danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bjergkæde" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebirge" title="Gebirge — Nemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gebirge" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%81%CE%AC" title="Οροσειρά — Grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οροσειρά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Mountain range" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montara_sistemo" title="Montara sistemo — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Montara sistemo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordillera" title="Cordillera — Španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cordillera" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4estik" title="Mäestik — Estonski" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Mäestik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mendikate" title="Mendikate — Baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Mendikate" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%87%E2%80%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%87" title="رشته‌کوه — Persijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رشته‌کوه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vuoristo" title="Vuoristo — Finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Vuoristo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cha%C3%AEne_de_montagnes" title="Chaîne de montagnes — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chaîne de montagnes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beragkeed" title="Beragkeed — Severno-frizijski" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Beragkeed" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Severno-frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berchtme" title="Berchtme — Frizijski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Berchtme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frizijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliabhraon" title="Sliabhraon — Irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sliabhraon" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordilleira" title="Cordilleira — Galski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cordilleira" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvytyrys%C3%BDi" title="Yvytyrysýi — Gvarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvytyrysýi" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Gvarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D" title="רכס הרים — Hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רכס הרים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="पर्वतमाला — Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पर्वतमाला" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorje" title="Gorje — Hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gorje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hegys%C3%A9g" title="Hegység — Mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hegység" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegunungan" title="Pegunungan — Indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pegunungan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabambantayan" title="Kabambantayan — Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kabambantayan" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A" title="Дукъ — Ingušetski" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Дукъ" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingušetski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montaro" title="Montaro — Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Montaro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjallgar%C3%B0ur" title="Fjallgarður — Islandski" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fjallgarður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catena_montuosa" title="Catena montuosa — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Catena montuosa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" title="山脈 — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="山脈" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/ma%27arlinsi" title="ma'arlinsi — Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="ma'arlinsi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ქედი — Gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქედი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azrar_n_idurar" title="Azrar n idurar — Kabile" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Azrar n idurar" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabile" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D2%AF%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D1%80%D1%82" title="Таулы үстірт — Kozački" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Таулы үстірт" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kozački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%BD%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%97%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%93%E1%9F%86" title="ជួរភ្នំ — Kmerski" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ជួរភ្នំ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Kmerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%B0%EB%A7%A5" title="산맥 — Korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="산맥" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Тау тизгин — Karačaj-balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Тау тизгин" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karačaj-balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%AAze%C3%A7iya" title="Rêzeçiya — Kurdski" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Rêzeçiya" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Тоо кыры — Kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тоо кыры" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montes_continui" title="Montes continui — Latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Montes continui" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%86%D3%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%8A" title="Суварин цӀиргъ — Lezgian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Суварин цӀиргъ" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciad%C3%ABina_de_cr%C3%ABps" title="Ciadëina de crëps — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Ciadëina de crëps" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadena_de_monts" title="Cadena de monts — lombardski" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cadena de monts" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalnag%C5%ABbris" title="Kalnagūbris — Litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kalnagūbris" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalnu_gr%C4%93da" title="Kalnu grēda — Letonski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kalnu grēda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="हिमश्रृङ्खला — Maitili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="हिमश्रृङ्खला" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maitili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandavan-tendrombohitra" title="Tandavan-tendrombohitra — Malagazijski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tandavan-tendrombohitra" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagazijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Планински венец — Makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Планински венец" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%BE" title="പർവതനിരകൾ — Malajalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പർവതനിരകൾ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malajalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97" title="पर्वतरांग — Marati" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पर्वतरांग" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banjaran" title="Banjaran — Malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Banjaran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%99%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="हिमशृङ्खला — Nepalski" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="हिमशृङ्खला" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebergte_(aardrijkskunde)" title="Gebergte (aardrijkskunde) — Holandski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gebergte (aardrijkskunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjellkjede" title="Fjellkjede — Norveški njorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fjellkjede" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveški njorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjellkjede" title="Fjellkjede — Norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fjellkjede" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadena_de_montanha" title="Cadena de montanha — Provansalski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cadena de montanha" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Provansalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%80" title="ਪਰਬਤ ਲੜੀ — Pandžabski" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪਰਬਤ ਲੜੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Pandžabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81a%C5%84cuch_g%C3%B3rski" title="Łańcuch górski — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Łańcuch górski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%81%D8%A7%DA%91%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7" title="پہاڑی دھارا — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پہاڑی دھارا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cordilheira" title="Cordilheira — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cordilheira" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walla" title="Walla — Kvenča" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Walla" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Kvenča" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lan%C8%9B_montan" title="Lanț montan — Rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Lanț montan" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Горный хребет — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Горный хребет" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Горы — Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Горы" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81_(%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Сис (география) — Jakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Сис (география)" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Jakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%86_%D8%AC%D8%A7_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7" title="جبلن جا سلسلا — Sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="جبلن جا سلسلا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Mountain range" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohorie" title="Pohorie — Slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pohorie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorovje" title="Gorovje — Slovenački" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gorovje" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandundu" title="Mandundu — Šona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Mandundu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Šona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vargmali" title="Vargmali — Albanski" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vargmali" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B2" title="Планински масив — Srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Планински масив" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergskedja" title="Bergskedja — Švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bergskedja" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safu_ya_milima" title="Safu ya milima — Svahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Safu ya milima" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Svahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="மலைத் தொடர் — Tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மலைத் தொடர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BA%D3%AF%D2%B3" title="Қаторкӯҳ — Tađik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Қаторкӯҳ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tađik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%81%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B2" title="เทือกเขา — Tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เทือกเขา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulubundukin" title="Bulubundukin — Tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bulubundukin" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%B1rada%C4%9F" title="Sıradağ — Turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sıradağ" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%83_%D1%81%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Тау сырты — Tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тау сырты" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%96%D1%80%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Гірський хребет — Ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Гірський хребет" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%DB%81_%DA%A9%D9%88%DB%81" title="سلسلہ کوہ — Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سلسلہ کوہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caena_montagnoza" title="Caena montagnoza — venecijanski" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Caena montagnoza" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="venecijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A3y_n%C3%BAi" title="Dãy núi — Vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dãy núi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebergte" title="Gebergte — West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Gebergte" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabubkiran" title="Kabubkiran — Varej" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kabubkiran" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Varej" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="山脉 — Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="山脉" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%B7%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%B7%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ქჷნდჷრი — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქჷნდჷრი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%92-%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98" title="בארג-קייט — Jidiš" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="בארג-קייט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jidiš" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="山脉 — Kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="山脉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soa%E2%81%BF-me%CC%8Dh" title="Soaⁿ-me̍h — min nan kineski" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Soaⁿ-me̍h" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%88" title="山脈 — kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="山脈" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q46831#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezične poveznice" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Planinski_masiv" title="Vidi stranicu sadržaja [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-file-description" title="Srednjeoceanski hrbat je najduži masiv na svijetu"><img alt="Srednjeoceanski hrbat je najduži masiv na svijetu" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/World_Distribution_of_Mid-Oceanic_Ridges.gif/250px-World_Distribution_of_Mid-Oceanic_Ridges.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/World_Distribution_of_Mid-Oceanic_Ridges.gif/375px-World_Distribution_of_Mid-Oceanic_Ridges.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/World_Distribution_of_Mid-Oceanic_Ridges.gif/500px-World_Distribution_of_Mid-Oceanic_Ridges.gif 2x" data-file-width="964" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Srednjeoceanski_hrbat" title="Srednjeoceanski hrbat">Srednjeoceanski hrbat</a> je najduži masiv na <a href="/wiki/Svijet" title="Svijet">svijetu</a></figcaption></figure><span style="font-size:95%;"><a href="/wiki/Srednjeoceanski_hrbat" title="Srednjeoceanski hrbat">Srednjeoceanski hrbat</a> je najduži masiv na <a href="/wiki/Svijet" title="Svijet">svijetu</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #DDDDDD;"> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Planinski masiv</b>, <b>planinski lanac</b> ili <b>planinski vijenac</b>, ili <b>gorje</b>, je naziv za <a href="/wiki/Geografija" title="Geografija">geografsko</a> područje koje se sastoji od niza međusobno povezanih <a href="/wiki/Planina" title="Planina">planina</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-think_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-think-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Planine i planinski masivi pokrivaju petinu <a href="/wiki/Zemlja_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zemlja (planet)">Zemljine</a> površine. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Karakteristike">Karakteristike</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Karakteristike" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Karakteristike"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Planina" title="Planina">Planine</a> u jednom masivu su najčešće isprekidane <a href="/wiki/Prijevoj" class="mw-redirect" title="Prijevoj">prijevojima</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Dolina" title="Dolina">dolinama</a>. Pojedinačne planine u jednom masivu ne moraju nužno imati iste <a href="/wiki/Geologija" title="Geologija">geološke</a> i <a href="/wiki/Petrologija" title="Petrologija">petrološke</a> karakteristike, iako najčešće imaju. Sklop masiva koji pripada nekom području naziva se <b>planinski sistem</b>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Struktura">Struktura</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Struktura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Struktura"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Planinski masivi često imaju vrlo kompleksnu strukturu, pa zbog toga veći masivi imaju svoje vlastite podmasive kao <a href="/wiki/Apala%C4%8Di" title="Apalači">Masiv Apalači</a> koji se u osnovi dijeli na tri podmasiva Sjeverni, Srednji i Južni Apalači. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uzroci_nastanka">Uzroci nastanka</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Uzroci nastanka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Uzroci nastanka"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Alpbach_im_Winter.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Alpbach_im_Winter.jpg/260px-Alpbach_im_Winter.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Alpbach_im_Winter.jpg/390px-Alpbach_im_Winter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Alpbach_im_Winter.jpg/520px-Alpbach_im_Winter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Austrija" title="Austrija">Austrijske</a> <a href="/wiki/Alpe" title="Alpe">Alpe</a> <a href="/wiki/Zima" title="Zima">zimi</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Planinski masivi se formiraju kad se dvije <a href="/wiki/Litosferne_plo%C4%8De" title="Litosferne ploče">litosferne ploče</a> sudare a rubovi ustreme u vis. Snaga tog izvijanja gura svaku <a href="/wiki/Litosferne_plo%C4%8De" title="Litosferne ploče">ploču</a> na onu drugu. Nakon što se <a href="/wiki/Litosferne_plo%C4%8De" title="Litosferne ploče">ploče</a> smire, planinski masiv je formiran. Nakon tog nastupa vrijeme - snižavanja, zbog <a href="/wiki/Erozija" title="Erozija">erozije</a>, koju uzrokuju <a href="/wiki/Vjetar" title="Vjetar">vjetrovi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ki%C5%A1a" title="Kiša">kiša</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gle%C4%8Der" class="mw-redirect" title="Glečer">ledenjaci</a> i <a href="/wiki/Lavina" title="Lavina">lavine</a>. To je razlog zašto su neki planinski masivi stjenoviti i šiljati, kao <a href="/wiki/Stjenjak" class="mw-redirect" title="Stjenjak">Stjenjak</a>, a neki su zaobljeni i niski kao <a href="/wiki/Apala%C4%8Di" title="Apalači">Masiv Apalači</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-think_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-think-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Većina ljudi misli da su planine stalne i stabilne forme, ali one ili stalno rastu, ili erodiraju i nestaju. <a href="/wiki/Apala%C4%8Di" title="Apalači">Masiv Apalači</a> nastao je kao rezultat sudara <a href="/wiki/Sjeverna_Amerika" title="Sjeverna Amerika">Sjeverne Amerike</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrikom</a>. Prije 500 milijuna godina taj planinski masiv bio je najviši na svijetu, ali je zbog erozije sada puno niži.<sup id="cite_ref-think_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-think-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sudar <a href="/wiki/Litosferne_plo%C4%8De" title="Litosferne ploče">litosfernih ploča</a> liči na sudar <a href="/wiki/Automobil" title="Automobil">automobila</a>, automobil se zbog siline udara skraćuje po dužini - i proteže u vis, ista se stvar događa i sa uzdizanjem planinskih masiva, kad se sudare dvije ploče.<sup id="cite_ref-think_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-think-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tektonski_procesi_koji_stvaraju_planinske_masive">Tektonski procesi koji stvaraju planinske masive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Tektonski procesi koji stvaraju planinske masive" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Tektonski procesi koji stvaraju planinske masive"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Planine, planinski masivi i visoravni - postoje, jer tektonski procesi koji ih stvaraju, rade to brže od <a href="/wiki/Erozija" title="Erozija">erozije</a> koja ih nastoji uništiti. Planine i planinske masive stvorili su (i stvaruju) u većini - tri glavna procesa: <a href="/wiki/Vulkan" title="Vulkan">vulkani</a>, horizontalno skrućivanje <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_kora" title="Zemljina kora">zemljine kore</a> koje se manifestira <a href="/wiki/Nabor" title="Nabor">nabiranjem</a> i <a href="/wiki/Rasjed" title="Rasjed">rasjedanjem</a>, i zagrijavanje i termička ekspanzija velikih površina vanjskog omotača zemlje.<sup id="cite_ref-tect_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tect-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>U nekim regijama, planinski masivi su formirani procesom skrućivanja <a href="/wiki/Kontinent" title="Kontinent">kontinentalne</a> mase, a ne sudaranjem dviju kontinentalnih ploča. Prije nekih 40 000 000 do 80 milijuna godina, tako je nastao <a href="/wiki/Stjenjak" class="mw-redirect" title="Stjenjak">Stjenjak</a> u <a href="/wiki/Kolorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolorado">Koloradu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utahu</a> i <a href="/wiki/Wyoming" title="Wyoming">Wyomingu</a>, a danas na taj način još uvijek rastu masivi <a href="/wiki/Tan%C5%A1an" title="Tanšan">Tanšan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Azija" title="Azija">Azija</a>) i <a href="/wiki/Atlas_(planine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlas (planine)">Atlas</a> u <a href="/wiki/Sjeverna_Afrika" title="Sjeverna Afrika">Sjevernoj Africi</a>. U principu unutarkontinentalni masivi nastaju <a href="/wiki/Rasjed" title="Rasjed">rasjedanjem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ande_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ande-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sile_i_procesi_koji_stvaraju_i_nose_planinske_masive">Sile i procesi koji stvaraju i nose planinske masive</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odjeljak Sile i procesi koji stvaraju i nose planinske masive" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Sile i procesi koji stvaraju i nose planinske masive"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Planine i planinski masivi nastaju zahvaljujući <a href="/wiki/Tektonika_plo%C4%8Da" title="Tektonika ploča">tektonskim procesima</a>, koji su ih stvorili i koji ih održavaju. S druge strane <a href="/wiki/Erozija" title="Erozija">erozija</a>, permanentno radi na tom da ih izravna i razgradi. <a href="/wiki/Topografija" title="Topografija">Topografija</a> planinskog pojasa ne ovisi samo o procesima koji formiraju planinski teren, već i o onim silama koje podržavaju takav tip terena, i od <a href="/wiki/Erozija" title="Erozija">erozijsko</a> - <a href="/wiki/Tektonika_plo%C4%8Da" title="Tektonika ploča">tektonskih</a> procesa koji ih nastoje uništiti.<sup id="cite_ref-tect_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tect-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dvije karakteristike <a href="/wiki/Stijena" title="Stijena">stijena</a> omogućuju stabilnost planina i planinskih masiva, čvrstoća i gustoća. Kad stijene ne bi bile čvrste, planine bi se jednostavno istopile - otjecanjem. Na suptilnijoj razini, čvrstoća materijala ispod planina može utjecati na topografiju tla.<sup id="cite_ref-tect_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tect-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>U pogledu čvrstoće i debljine - sloj <a href="/wiki/Litosfera" title="Litosfera">litosfere</a> jako varira uokolo <a href="/wiki/Zemlja_(planet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zemlja (planet)">Zemlje</a>, od svega desetak do više od 200 km. Litosfera je puno čvršća od sloja na kom leži -<a href="/wiki/Astenosfera" title="Astenosfera">astenosfere</a> (pogledajte članak <a href="/wiki/Tektonika_plo%C4%8Da" title="Tektonika ploča">Tektonika ploča</a>). Čvrstoća <a href="/wiki/Litosfera" title="Litosfera">litosfere</a> rezultat je njezine temperature, debela litosfera postoji jer je vanjski omotač Zemlje relativno hladan. Hladna, zbijena, i zbog tog čvrsta <a href="/wiki/Litosfera" title="Litosfera">litosfera</a> može nositi veći raspon planina nego tanka litosfera, baš kao što debela <a href="/wiki/Led" title="Led">ledena</a> kora na jezeru]] ili rijeci]], može bolje izdržati težinu ljudi nego tanka kora leda.<sup id="cite_ref-tect_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tect-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>U pogledu <a href="/wiki/Kemija" class="mw-redirect" title="Kemija">kemijskog</a> sastava, a time i gustoće - <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_kora" title="Zemljina kora">zemljina kora</a> je mekša od sloja na kom leži. Ispod <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">oceana</a>, tipična debljina <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_kora" title="Zemljina kora">kore</a> je samo 6 - 7 <a href="/wiki/Km" class="mw-redirect" title="Km">km</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-tect_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tect-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Po <a href="/wiki/Kontinent" title="Kontinent">kontinentima</a> je prosječna debljina oko 35 km, ali na pojedinim dijelovima može doseći do 60 – 70 km ispod visokih planinskih masiva i visoravni. Dakle, većina masiva i visoravni leži na debelom sloju <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_kora" title="Zemljina kora">kore</a>. Uz određene iznimke lakša <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_kora" title="Zemljina kora">kora</a> pluta na čvršćem sloju, kao što <a href="/wiki/Ledenjak" title="Ledenjak">ledenjaci</a> plutaju po oceanima.<sup id="cite_ref-tect_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tect-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Valja napomenuti da su <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_kora" title="Zemljina kora">kora</a> i <a href="/wiki/Litosfera" title="Litosfera">litosfera</a> definirana različitim karakteristikama i ne predstavljaju isti sloj. Štoviše, varijacije u njihovoj debljini imaju različiti utjecaj na <a href="/wiki/Topografija" title="Topografija">topografiju</a> iznad njih.<sup id="cite_ref-tect_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tect-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Neki planinski masivi i visoravni leže na debelom pojasu <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_kora" title="Zemljina kora">kore</a>. S druge strane sloj <a href="/wiki/Litosfera" title="Litosfera">litosfere</a> ispod takvih područja, može biti tanak, ali njegova debljina ne igra značajnu ulogu u nošenju tog masiva. Ali ima masiva koji leže na debelim slojevima <a href="/wiki/Litosfera" title="Litosfera">litosfere</a>, koja se pod njihovom težinom uvija prema dolje. <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_kora" title="Zemljina kora">Zemljina kora</a> pod takvim masivima obično je deblja od normalne, ali ne tako debela kao u slučaju kad je sloj <a href="/wiki/Litosfera" title="Litosfera">litosfere</a> tanak.<sup id="cite_ref-tect_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tect-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dakle snaga <a href="/wiki/Litosfera" title="Litosfera">litosfere</a> nosi planinske masive i puno deblji sloj <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_kora" title="Zemljina kora">kore</a> nego što bi to bio slučaj, da tog debelog sloja <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_kora" title="Zemljina kora">kore</a> nema. Tako na primjer, <a href="/wiki/Himalaja" title="Himalaja">Himalaja</a> vrši potisak na <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_kora" title="Zemljina kora">koru</a> <a href="/wiki/Indo-australska_plo%C4%8Da" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-australska ploča">indo-australske ploče</a>, koja leži na sloju posebno hladne, guste <a href="/wiki/Litosfera" title="Litosfera">litosfere</a> koji je savinuta prema dolje pod visokom težinom planina koje nosi. Debljina <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_kora" title="Zemljina kora">zemljine kora</a> u tom pojasu iznosi oko 55 km ispod najviših planina od 8 000 metara. Ipak najdeblji sloj <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_kora" title="Zemljina kora">zemljine kora</a> od 70 km, leži dalje na sjeveru ispod <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibeta</a> , čija je nadmorska visina je između 4 500 - 5 000 metara, ispod kojeg je sloj <a href="/wiki/Litosfera" title="Litosfera">litosfere</a> puno tanji od onog ispod Himalaje. Dakle snažna indijska <a href="/wiki/Litosfera" title="Litosfera">litosfera</a> pomaže nositi Himalaju, a s druge strane debeli sloj <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_kora" title="Zemljina kora">zemljine kore</a> nosi <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibetsku</a> visoravan.<sup id="cite_ref-tect_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tect-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Najveći_planinski_masivi_na_zemlji"><span id="Najve.C4.87i_planinski_masivi_na_zemlji"></span>Najveći planinski masivi na zemlji</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odjeljak Najveći planinski masivi na zemlji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Najveći planinski masivi na zemlji"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Većina planinskih masiva nastala je kao posljedica <a href="/wiki/Konvergentna_granica" title="Konvergentna granica">konvergencije</a> dviju <a href="/wiki/Litosferne_plo%C4%8De" title="Litosferne ploče">litosfernih ploča</a> koje u većini slučajeva i danas nasjedaju jedna na drugu. Zbog tog mnogi planinski masivi obilježavaju granice <a href="/wiki/Litosferne_plo%C4%8De" title="Litosferne ploče">litosfernih ploča</a>, koje presijecaju druge takve granice. Zato postoje vrlo dugi planinski sistemi duž granica <a href="/wiki/Konvergentna_granica" title="Konvergentna granica">konvergencije</a> <a href="/wiki/Tektonika_plo%C4%8Da" title="Tektonika ploča">tektonskih ploča</a> koji se nižu jedan za drugim.<sup id="cite_ref-major_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-major-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gotovo kontinuirani lanac <a href="/wiki/Vulkan" title="Vulkan">vulkana</a> i planinskih masiva okružuje veći dio <a href="/wiki/Tihi_ocean" title="Tihi ocean">Pacifičkog bazena</a> - on se zove <a href="/wiki/Vatreni_pojas_Pacifika" title="Vatreni pojas Pacifika">Vatreni pojas Pacifika</a> i predstavlja najduži sistem povezanih planinskih masiva.<sup id="cite_ref-major_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-major-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Drugi slični planinski sistem, proteže se od <a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Maroka</a> u <a href="/wiki/Sjeverna_Afrika" title="Sjeverna Afrika">Sjevernoj Africi</a> preko <a href="/wiki/Evropa" title="Evropa">Evrope</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turska" title="Turska">Turske</a> i <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Irana</a>, preko <a href="/wiki/Himalaja" title="Himalaja">Himalaje</a> u <a href="/wiki/Jugoisto%C4%8Dna_Azija" title="Jugoistočna Azija">Jugoistočnoj Aziji</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-major_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-major-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taj alpsko-himalajski sistem, formirala je <a href="/wiki/Konvergentna_granica" title="Konvergentna granica">konvergencija</a> <a href="/wiki/Euroazijska_plo%C4%8Da" class="mw-redirect" title="Euroazijska ploča">euroazijske ploče</a> sa <a href="/wiki/Afri%C4%8Dka_plo%C4%8Da" title="Afrička ploča">afričkom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arapska_plo%C4%8Da" class="mw-redirect" title="Arapska ploča">arapskom</a> i <a href="/wiki/Indo-australska_plo%C4%8Da" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-australska ploča">indo-australskom pločom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-major_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-major-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Himalayas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Himalayas.jpg/260px-Himalayas.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Himalayas.jpg/390px-Himalayas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Himalayas.jpg/520px-Himalayas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3032" data-file-height="1998" /></a><figcaption>Pogled na <a href="/wiki/Himalaja" title="Himalaja">Himalaju</a> iz <a href="/wiki/Avion" title="Avion">aviona</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Gotovo svi planinski masivi na Zemlji, uključeni su u jedan od ta dva velika sistema, a većina preostalih planinskih masiva, rezultat je drevnih kontinentalnih sudara koji su se dogodili prije nekoliko stotina milijuna godina.<sup id="cite_ref-major_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-major-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alpsko-himalajski_tip_masiva">Alpsko-himalajski tip masiva</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odjeljak Alpsko-himalajski tip masiva" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Alpsko-himalajski tip masiva"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Za taj tip masiva se pretostavlja da je nastao kao rezultat naslijeganja jedne <a href="/wiki/Litosferne_plo%C4%8De" title="Litosferne ploče">kontinentalne ploče</a> na drugu. U principu, debeli laki plutajući sloj <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_kora" title="Zemljina kora">zemljine kore</a> ne može prodrijeti duboko u <a href="/wiki/Astenosfera" title="Astenosfera">astenosferu</a>. Umjesto toga rub ploče kontinenta koji se podvlači - puca i mrvi se, a ostatak kontinenta se podvlači pod taj materijal. Tako su nastali planinski masivi tog tipa.<sup id="cite_ref-alpe_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alpe-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Danas je <a href="/wiki/Himalaja" title="Himalaja">Himalaja</a> sa vrhom <a href="/wiki/Mount_Everest" title="Mount Everest">Mount Everest</a> od 8848 metara, najviši planinski masiv na svijetu.<sup id="cite_ref-think_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-think-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Riječ Himalaja zapravo znači snježna zemlja. On je nastao kad su se sudarile <a href="/wiki/Indo-australska_plo%C4%8Da" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-australska ploča">indo-australska</a> i <a href="/wiki/Euroazijska_plo%C4%8Da" class="mw-redirect" title="Euroazijska ploča">evroazijska ploče</a> prije 75 milijuna godina.<sup id="cite_ref-think_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-think-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ovaj planinski masiv je oko 2 414 <a href="/wiki/Km" class="mw-redirect" title="Km">km</a> dug i proteže se preko <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indija" title="Indija">Indije</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibeta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikim" title="Sikim">Sikima</a> i <a href="/wiki/Butan" title="Butan">Butana</a>. Himalaja je relativno novi planinski masiv pa je to razlog zašto je tako visok. Više od 30 planina u Himalaji imaju visinu veću od 7 620 metara. Za milijun godina u budućnosti ovaj planinski masiv će slično kao stariji <a href="/wiki/Apala%C4%8Di" title="Apalači">Masiv Apalači</a> biti puno niži, ali će neki novi planiski masiv - koji će se u međuvremenu uzdignuti - tada biti najviši na svijetu.<sup id="cite_ref-think_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-think-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vatreni_pojas_Pacifika"><a href="/wiki/Vatreni_pojas_Pacifika" title="Vatreni pojas Pacifika">Vatreni pojas Pacifika</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odjeljak Vatreni pojas Pacifika" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vatreni pojas Pacifika"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Vatreni_pojas_Pacifika" title="Vatreni pojas Pacifika">Vatreni pojas Pacifika</a> je gotovo kontinuirani niz <a href="/wiki/Vulkan" title="Vulkan">vulkana</a> koji okružuje <a href="/wiki/Tihi_ocean" title="Tihi ocean">Tihi ocean</a>, taj lanac proteže se duž zapadne obale <a href="/wiki/Sjeverna_Amerika" title="Sjeverna Amerika">Sjeverne</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ju%C5%BEna_Amerika" title="Južna Amerika">Južne Amerike</a>, preko <a href="/wiki/Aleutska_ostrva" title="Aleutska ostrva">Aleutskih otoka</a>, južnog <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonezija" title="Indonezija">Indonezije</a> do <a href="/wiki/Arhipelag" title="Arhipelag">arhipelaga</a> <a href="/wiki/Tonga" title="Tonga">Tonga</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Ju%C5%BEna_Amerika" title="Južna Amerika">Novog Zelanda</a>. On je nastao jer <a href="/wiki/Tihi_ocean" title="Tihi ocean">Pacifički bazen</a> leži na različitim <a href="/wiki/Litosferne_plo%C4%8De" title="Litosferne ploče">litosfernim pločama</a> koje nasjedaju jedna na drugu i sudaraju se.<sup id="cite_ref-major_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-major-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ako se uključi i podvodna <a href="/wiki/Topografija" title="Topografija">topografija</a> Zemlje, tad je najduži planinski masiv - <a href="/wiki/Srednjeoceanski_hrbat" title="Srednjeoceanski hrbat">Srednjeoceanski hrbat</a> jer ima 65 000, odnosno 80 000 <a href="/wiki/Km" class="mw-redirect" title="Km">km</a>. Najviša planina koja se proteže od dna <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">oceana</a> do iznad tla je <a href="/wiki/Mauna_Kea" title="Mauna Kea">Mauna Kea</a> na <a href="/wiki/Havaji" title="Havaji">Havajima</a> koja je viša od Everesta za 1 352 metara.<sup id="cite_ref-think_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-think-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ande">Ande</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odjeljak Ande" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ande"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ande" title="Ande">Ande</a> su najduži neprekinuti kopneni planinski masiv na <a href="/wiki/Svijet" title="Svijet">svjetu</a>, koji se protežu duž <a href="/wiki/Zapad" title="Zapad">zapadne</a> obale <a href="/wiki/Ju%C5%BEna_Amerika" title="Južna Amerika">Južne Amerike</a> u dužinu od 7200 <a href="/wiki/Km" class="mw-redirect" title="Km">km</a>. Ande su nastale zbog dva tektonska procesa. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Litosferne_plo%C4%8De" title="Litosferne ploče">Litosferna</a> <a href="/wiki/Nazca_plo%C4%8Da" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazca ploča">Nazca ploča</a>, koja se prostire duž većeg dijela jugoistočnog <a href="/wiki/Tihi_ocean" title="Tihi ocean">Pacifika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subdukcija" title="Subdukcija">uranja</a> ispod većeg dijela zapadne obale [[Južna Amerika|Južne Amerike brzinom od 80 do 100 milimetara godišnje.<sup id="cite_ref-major_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-major-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zbog tog postoji gotovo kontinuirani lanac <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vulkana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vulkana (stranica ne postoji)">vulkana</a> duž <a href="/wiki/Ju%C5%BEna_Amerika" title="Južna Amerika">Južne Amerike</a>, s najvišim vulkanom na svijetu - <a href="/wiki/Ojos_del_Salado" title="Ojos del Salado">Ojos del Salado</a> (6893 metara), jednim od <a href="/wiki/Ande" title="Ande">Andskih</a> vrhova. Ipak Andski masiv nije samo lanac vulkana, jer i njegov najviši vrh, <a href="/wiki/Aconcagua" title="Aconcagua">Aconcagua</a> (6959 m), nije vulkanski. Ande su nastale i zbog stješnjavanja i zadebljavanja <a href="/wiki/Zemljina_kora" title="Zemljina kora">Zemljine kore</a> koje se manifestira duž cijelog područja istočnih Anda, taj pojas se širi prema zapadu, i podvlači pod stabilni teren <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazila</a> i <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentine</a> ispod Anda po stopi od nekoliko milimetara godišnje.<sup id="cite_ref-major_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-major-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Karipski_masiv">Karipski masiv</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Uredi odjeljak Karipski masiv" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&action=edit&section=10" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Karipski masiv"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Planinski masiv uz obalu <a href="/wiki/Venecuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Venecuela">Venecuele</a> je ostatak procesa kad je <a href="/wiki/Karipsko_more" title="Karipsko more">Karipsko more</a> bilo <a href="/wiki/Subdukcija" title="Subdukcija">uranjeno</a> južnije ispod Venezuele zbog čeg su se stijene <a href="/wiki/Nabor" title="Nabor">naborale</a> po osi istok-zapad. Desni bočni klizajući <a href="/wiki/Rasjed" title="Rasjed">rasjed</a> je prilično spor pa se masiv na tom dijelu još uvijek uzdiže.<sup id="cite_ref-karibi_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-karibi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Na istočnom kraju <a href="/wiki/Karipsko_more" title="Karipsko more">Karipskog mora</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mali_Antili" title="Mali Antili">Mali Antili</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vulkan" title="Vulkan">vulkanski</a> otoci predstavljaju tipičnu zonu <a href="/wiki/Konvergentna_granica" title="Konvergentna granica">konvergencije</a> <a href="/wiki/Litosferne_plo%C4%8De" title="Litosferne ploče">litosfernih ploča</a>. <a href="/wiki/Karipska_plo%C4%8Da" title="Karipska ploča">Karipska ploča</a> se već nekoliko desetaka milijuna godina po stopi od 10 do 20 milimetara godišnje, pomiče na istok u odnosu <a href="/wiki/Sjevernoameri%C4%8Dka_plo%C4%8Da" title="Sjevernoamerička ploča">Sjevernoameričku</a> i <a href="/wiki/Ju%C5%BEnoameri%C4%8Dka_plo%C4%8Da" title="Južnoamerička ploča">Južnoameričku ploču</a> zbog tog postoji vulkanski luk <a href="/wiki/Mali_Antili" title="Mali Antili">Mali Antili</a>, i <a href="/wiki/Rasjed" title="Rasjed">rasjedi</a> u Venezueli.<sup id="cite_ref-karibi_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-karibi-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uticaj_planinskih_masiva_na_klimu">Uticaj planinskih masiva na klimu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Uredi odjeljak Uticaj planinskih masiva na klimu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&action=edit&section=11" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Uticaj planinskih masiva na klimu"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Planinski masivi utječu na <a href="/wiki/Klima" title="Klima">klimu</a> u područjima gdje se prostiru. Kada se voda ispari iz <a href="/wiki/More" title="More">mora</a> i krene kao zračna masa prema planinskim vrhovima, tokom uspona u viša područja se ohladi i pretvori u <a href="/wiki/Ki%C5%A1a" title="Kiša">kišu</a> ili <a href="/wiki/Snijeg" title="Snijeg">snijeg</a>. Ali kad ta <a href="/wiki/Zrak" class="mw-redirect" title="Zrak">zrak</a> pređe planinski lanac i počne se spuštati, biti će suh i neće donijeti kišu s druge strane masiva. Najbolji primjer za to je Himalaja; kada <a href="/wiki/Monsun" title="Monsun">monsuni</a> počnu puhati s <a href="/wiki/Indijski_ocean" title="Indijski ocean">Indijskog oceana</a> prema <a href="/wiki/Indija" title="Indija">Indiji</a> na <a href="/wiki/Sjever" title="Sjever">sjeveru</a>, visoki planinski vrhovi Himalaja spriječiti će <a href="/wiki/Oblak" title="Oblak">oblake</a> da prijeđu još sjevernije prema <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibetu</a>. Zbog toga su krajevi sjeverno od Himalaje suhi i rijetko dobivaju kišu. Donji dio zapadne obale <a href="/wiki/Ju%C5%BEna_Amerika" title="Južna Amerika">Južne Amerike</a> prekriva <a href="/wiki/Pustinja" title="Pustinja">pustinja</a>. Razlog tome je što gorje <a href="/wiki/Ande" title="Ande">Anda</a> ne propuštaju vodenu paru koja dolazi s <a href="/wiki/Istok" title="Istok">istoka</a> odnosno <a href="/wiki/Atlanski_ocean" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanski ocean">Atlantskog oceana</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Uredi odjeljak Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&action=edit&section=12" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41378145">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-think-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-think_1-0">1,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-think_1-1">1,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-think_1-2">1,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-think_1-3">1,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-think_1-4">1,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-think_1-5">1,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-think_1-6">1,6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-think_1-7">1,7</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130624142654/http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00184/Mountain%20Ranges%20Page.htm">„<i>Mountain Ranges</i>”</a> (engleski). Thinkquest. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.thinkquest.org/05aug/00184/Mountain%20Ranges%20Page.htm">originala</a> na datum 2013-06-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 28. 03. 2013</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%27%27Mountain+Ranges%27%27&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Thinkquest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20130624142654%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Flibrary.thinkquest.org%2F05aug%2F00184%2FMountain%2520Ranges%2520Page.htm&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Planinski_masiv"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tect-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-tect_2-0">2,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-tect_2-1">2,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-tect_2-2">2,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-tect_2-3">2,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-tect_2-4">2,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-tect_2-5">2,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-tect_2-6">2,6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-tect_2-7">2,7</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-tect_2-8">2,8</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/394808/mountain/49648/Tectonic-processes-that-create-and-destroy-mountain-belts-and-their-components">„<i>Tectonic processes that create and destroy mountain belts and their components</i>”</a> (engleski). Encyclopædia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 28. 03. 2013</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%27%27Tectonic+processes+that+create+and+destroy+mountain+belts+and+their+components%27%27&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F394808%2Fmountain%2F49648%2FTectonic-processes-that-create-and-destroy-mountain-belts-and-their-components&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Planinski_masiv"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ande-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ande_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/394808/mountain/49661/Alpine-or-Himalayan-type-belts">„<i>Andean-type belts</i>”</a> (engleski). Encyclopædia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 28. 03. 2013</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%27%27Andean-type+belts%27%27&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F394808%2Fmountain%2F49661%2FAlpine-or-Himalayan-type-belts&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Planinski_masiv"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-major-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-major_4-0">4,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-major_4-1">4,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-major_4-2">4,2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-major_4-3">4,3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-major_4-4">4,4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-major_4-5">4,5</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-major_4-6">4,6</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-major_4-7">4,7</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/394808/mountain/49661/Alpine-or-Himalayan-type-belts">„<i>Major mountain belts of the world</i>”</a> (engleski). Encyclopædia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 28. 03. 2013</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%27%27Major+mountain+belts+of+the+world%27%27&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F394808%2Fmountain%2F49661%2FAlpine-or-Himalayan-type-belts&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Planinski_masiv"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-alpe-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-alpe_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/394808/mountain/49661/Alpine-or-Himalayan-type-belts">„<i>Alpine or Himalayan type belts</i>”</a> (engleski). Encyclopædia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 28. 03. 2013</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%27%27Alpine+or+Himalayan+type+belts%27%27&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F394808%2Fmountain%2F49661%2FAlpine-or-Himalayan-type-belts&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Planinski_masiv"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-karibi-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-karibi_6-0">6,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-karibi_6-1">6,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/394808/mountain/49667/The-Caribbean-chains">„<i>The Caribbean chains</i>”</a> (engleski). Encyclopædia Britannica<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 28. 03. 2013</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=%27%27The+Caribbean+chains%27%27&rft.atitle=&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F394808%2Fmountain%2F49667%2FThe-Caribbean-chains&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Planinski_masiv"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_veze">Vanjske veze</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Uredi odjeljak Vanjske veze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&action=edit&section=13" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske veze"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="infobox sisterproject" style="width: 300px"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges" title="commons:Category:Mountain ranges"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 20px;"><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mountain_ranges" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mountain ranges">Planinski masiv</a></b></i> na <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica_-_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="commons:Glavna stranica - Главна страница">Wikimedijinoj ostavi</a> </div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/394808/mountain/49661/Alpine-or-Himalayan-type-belts"><i>Alpine or Himalayan type belts</i> na portalu Encyclopædia Britannica</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: help; color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="engleski jezik">(<kbd>en</kbd>)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mountainprofessor.com/mountain-ranges.html"><i>Mountain Ranges of the World</i> na portalu Mountainprofessor</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: help; color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="engleski jezik">(<kbd>en</kbd>)</span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr">Izvor: <a dir="ltr" href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&oldid=41465080">https://sh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Planinski_masiv&oldid=41465080</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Kategorije" title="Posebno:Kategorije">Kategorije</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Planinski_masivi" title="Kategorija:Planinski masivi">Planinski masivi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Geomorfologija" title="Kategorija:Geomorfologija">Geomorfologija</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorija:Planine" title="Kategorija:Planine">Planine</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ova stranica je posljednji put izmijenjena 20. augusta 2023. u 17:45.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst je dostupan pod licencom <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike</a>; mogu se primijeniti i dodatni uslovi. 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