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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" dir="ltr" class="dR8kac"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale=1, width=device-width, user-scalable=no, shrink-to-fit=no"><meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=1050970557"><meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Google Arts & Culture"><meta name="application-name" content="Google Arts & Culture"><meta name="google" content="notranslate"><meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"><meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//www.gstatic.com/culturalinstitute/stella/apple-touch-icon-180x180-v1.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//www.gstatic.com/culturalinstitute/stella/android-chrome-192x192-v1.png" sizes="192x192"><link rel="shortcut icon" href="//www.gstatic.com/culturalinstitute/stella/favicon.ico"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//www.gstatic.com/culturalinstitute/stella/favicon-16x16-v1.png" sizes="16x16"><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//www.gstatic.com/culturalinstitute/stella/favicon-32x32-v1.png" sizes="32x32"><link rel="manifest" href="//www.gstatic.com/culturalinstitute/stella/manifest-v5.json"><script nonce="gmiaWogPc8Sw9ARjUKT7Og"> if (window['performance'] && window.performance.mark) { window.performance.mark('__loading_start__'); } else { window['__loading_start__'] = Date.now(); } </script><title>Utamaduni Wetu: Meet the People of Kenya — Google Arts & Culture</title><meta name="description" content="From the cradle of mankind to the superheroes of today"><meta property="og:title" content="Utamaduni Wetu: Meet the People of Kenya - Google Arts & Culture"><meta property="og:description" content="From the cradle of mankind to the superheroes of today"><meta property="og:image" content="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R7rQl7j0eEyQ_6IH8W-_7sIc4iq3jzYnnZicxjNK_A7wtJ8eRnmwzawA2EVFQxROyDtgnGgQ"><meta property="og:locale" content="en"><meta property="og:url" content="https://artsandculture.google.com/project/kenyan-cultures"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Google Arts & Culture"><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta property="twitter:site" content="@googlearts"><script type="application/ld+json" nonce="gmiaWogPc8Sw9ARjUKT7Og">{"@context":"http://schema.googleapis.com","@type":"WebPage","name":"Utamaduni Wetu: Meet the People of Kenya","url":"https://artsandculture.google.com/project/kenyan-cultures","description":"From the cradle of mankind to the superheroes of today","thumbnailUrl":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R7rQl7j0eEyQ_6IH8W-_7sIc4iq3jzYnnZicxjNK_A7wtJ8eRnmwzawA2EVFQxROyDtgnGgQ\u003ds1200","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Google Arts \u0026 Culture","logo":"https://www.gstatic.com/culturalinstitute/stella/android-chrome-192x192-v1.png","url":"https://artsandculture.google.com"},"inLanguage":"en"}</script><link rel="canonical" href="https://artsandculture.google.com/project/kenyan-cultures"/><base href="/"/><script nonce="gmiaWogPc8Sw9ARjUKT7Og">window.IJ_values = ['','','', false , false , false ,'9300241', false ,'https:\/\/accounts.google.com\/ServiceLogin?service\x3dcultural\x26continue\x3dhttps:\/\/artsandculture.google.com\/project\/kenyan-cultures\x26hl\x3den', 18.0 , false , false ,'en', false , false , false , false , false ,'https:\/\/artsandculture.google.com\/','https:\/\/artsandculture.google.com', true , false , true ,'quarterly', false , false , false , false , false , 0.0 , true , false , false , 1.73269238586E12 , false , false , false ,'','UA-29069524-9', true ,'r3DbDkdAb0dnUu27E7H0TANfWEvw', false , false ,'\/project\/games', false , false , false , false , true , true , false , false , false , true ,'G-ZQ88G555MP', true , false , false , false , false , true , false , false , true , false , false , false , false , false , false , ]; window.__EV__ = {}; window.__EV__['N0Ffic'] = true ; window.__EV__['iLCyyc'] = true ; window.__EV__['vlHSpc'] = true ; window.__EV__['HKpMxc'] = false ; window.__EV__['nARBcd'] = true ; window.__EV__['Yhvcwc'] = false ; window.__EV__['t9Td3b'] = true ; window.__EV__['tQGAkf'] = true ; window.__EV__['myymof'] = false ; window.__EV__['s1ehbf'] = false ; window.__EV__['MkZdDc'] = true ; window.__EV__['XIrRlb'] = false ; window.__EV__['BI5Eub'] = false ; window.__EV__['VDuos'] = false ;</script><script nonce="gmiaWogPc8Sw9ARjUKT7Og">window.INIT_data = {};window.INIT_data['Project:18d0008a-a7be-4c5b-91c9-63e118dd4b5b'] = ["stella.projp","Project:18d0008a-a7be-4c5b-91c9-63e118dd4b5b","identities-of-kenya","Utamaduni Wetu: Meet the People of Kenya","//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R7rQl7j0eEyQ_6IH8W-_7sIc4iq3jzYnnZicxjNK_A7wtJ8eRnmwzawA2EVFQxROyDtgnGgQ",null,[null,"From the cradle of mankind to the superheroes of today"],null,null,null,null,null,["Utamaduni Wetu: Meet the People of Kenya","From the cradle of mankind to the superheroes of today","https://artsandculture.google.com/project/kenyan-cultures",["https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R7rQl7j0eEyQ_6IH8W-_7sIc4iq3jzYnnZicxjNK_A7wtJ8eRnmwzawA2EVFQxROyDtgnGgQ"],"en","Google Arts \u0026 Culture",[null,null,null,null,null,"{\"@context\":\"http://schema.googleapis.com\",\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"name\":\"Utamaduni Wetu: Meet the People of Kenya\",\"url\":\"https://artsandculture.google.com/project/kenyan-cultures\",\"description\":\"From the cradle of mankind to the superheroes of today\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R7rQl7j0eEyQ_6IH8W-_7sIc4iq3jzYnnZicxjNK_A7wtJ8eRnmwzawA2EVFQxROyDtgnGgQ\\u003ds1200\",\"publisher\":{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"name\":\"Google Arts \\u0026 Culture\",\"logo\":\"https://www.gstatic.com/culturalinstitute/stella/android-chrome-192x192-v1.png\",\"url\":\"https://artsandculture.google.com\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\"}"]],[[["stella.edit.sect",["In collaboration with",null,null,null,null,1],20,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","National Museums of Kenya","Kenya","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TysmlORj6QmJB6QK91VNqwURbt3fieozmW1MqBYyV8HExFmgMi7hViqHiRyiIC4W6qUXOR1P4","/partner/national-museums-of-kenya",4,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"],null,null,[2],null,null,null,[5,"266015584"],null,null,null,null,[1]]]],null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,1,"PartnerLogos","EditorialSection:39801f68-c3bb-47f7-8aab-51f26f524a77"],["stella.edit.sect",["Sisi ni wakenya / We are Kenyans",null,null,null,null,1],47,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","Get to Know Kenya's Communities","Explore the communities through these traditional objects and ornaments","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QYM4bJvSMOldS0TO8yMwfZ2aOfbJ6CkeTIwaAj9HsOOfQ6ScLdV5bdAzQOEzTnpQUBKD2PXX4","/story/cwVxxupKSK7x2Q",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null,"Welcome to Kenya"],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"cwVxxupKSK7x2Q"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwUx52f2fv_njGpQBYEIePwsPI_tVWq7LVakU3uOovYfamTiyF6vSFcauzZXrtm4HqYXbHUHg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eWithin Kenya’s 44 recognized communities, different traditions and practices show the country’s diverse and vibrant culture. Get to know more about Kenya’s communities through these 10 traditional objects and ornaments...\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwUx52f2fv_njGpQBYEIePwsPI_tVWq7LVakU3uOovYfamTiyF6vSFcauzZXrtm4HqYXbHUHg","Ear piercing was a tradition in most Kenyan communities",[null,"\u003cp\u003eEach community had different practices when it came to the tradition of \u003ca href\u003d\"/story/pgLCImL1ZPThIg\"\u003eear piercing\u003c/a\u003e. In nearly every community, both men and women had their ears pierced, while the stretching of the earlobes to make longer and wider holes was more common in communities living in central and western parts of Kenya.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwUx52f2fv_njGpQBYEIePwsPI_tVWq7LVakU3uOovYfamTiyF6vSFcauzZXrtm4HqYXbHUHg","Drums are the beating heart of Kenyan communities",[null,"\u003cp\u003eEach Kenyan community has used \u003ca href\u003d\"/story/feel-beat-of-kenya-s-communities-the-power-of-the-african-drum/NgLio86uvhJeKA\"\u003edrums\u003c/a\u003e for different purposes and the sound, style, and craft of drums have evolved over time. In many communities, only men would play the drums, while in others, certain drums were only used by women.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwUx52f2fv_njGpQBYEIePwsPI_tVWq7LVakU3uOovYfamTiyF6vSFcauzZXrtm4HqYXbHUHg","Communities could communicate via a huge horn",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href\u003d\"/story/5-reasons-why-the-siwa-side-horn-will-blow-your-mind/tgLyT9gGdDdwKQ\"\u003eSiwa\u003c/a\u003e is a side blown horn and was used by Swahili leaders in the 17th and 18th century to announce ceremonies. The sound of the Siwa was so loud it was able to reach communities living far away to invite them to join the ceremony.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwUx52f2fv_njGpQBYEIePwsPI_tVWq7LVakU3uOovYfamTiyF6vSFcauzZXrtm4HqYXbHUHg","The Kanga holds a common thread that unites communities",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href\u003d\"/story/learn-swahili-21-inspirational-sayings-on-the-kanga%C2%A0/HgJClAZer2a1Lw\"\u003eKanga\u003c/a\u003e is a cloth that was originally produced by the Swahili coastal communities. Through its colorful, dynamic designs and inspirational sayings stitched into the fabrics, it has been thought to unite cultures and people within communities.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwUx52f2fv_njGpQBYEIePwsPI_tVWq7LVakU3uOovYfamTiyF6vSFcauzZXrtm4HqYXbHUHg","There’s a gourd for every community",[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"/story/as-gourd-as-it-gets-5-facts-about-the-most-extraordinary-everyday-object/TgIylIBSEE0YJg\"\u003eGourds\u003c/a\u003e are containers that can be used for storage, measuring, and fermentation. Most Kenyan communities used gourds to store water and porridge, but they have also been used to keep milk, make beer, and feed children.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwUx52f2fv_njGpQBYEIePwsPI_tVWq7LVakU3uOovYfamTiyF6vSFcauzZXrtm4HqYXbHUHg","Find the leaders by looking for their elaborate headdresses",[null,"\u003cp\u003eAcross Kenya’s communities, people in leadership positions, administrators, and sometimes the wealthy often wore \u003ca href\u003d\"/story/0QLCePLe-6NIIw\"\u003eheaddresses\u003c/a\u003e for special occasions. Various communities also had specific headdresses which were worn by chiefs and elders who had an exceptional level of authority and wisdom.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwUx52f2fv_njGpQBYEIePwsPI_tVWq7LVakU3uOovYfamTiyF6vSFcauzZXrtm4HqYXbHUHg","For Kenyan communities, masks symbolize transformation",[null,"\u003cp\u003eWhile the style and use of \u003ca href\u003d\"/story/cgISUlZn5SE-IQ\"\u003emasks\u003c/a\u003e vary from community to community, many masks have a spiritual and religious meaning. They are often used in ritual dances and social or religious events, with the craft of mask-making often being passed on from father to son.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwUx52f2fv_njGpQBYEIePwsPI_tVWq7LVakU3uOovYfamTiyF6vSFcauzZXrtm4HqYXbHUHg","Each Kenyan community wears beads in their own way",[null,"\u003cp\u003eMost Kenyan communities are renowned for their \u003ca href\u003d\"/story/xAIStvMM03lfLw\"\u003ebead ornaments\u003c/a\u003e and each community used different patterns, colors, and types of beads depending on their specific cultural ideas of beauty.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwUx52f2fv_njGpQBYEIePwsPI_tVWq7LVakU3uOovYfamTiyF6vSFcauzZXrtm4HqYXbHUHg","The apron was a wardrobe essential for Kenyan communities",[null,"\u003cp\u003eBefore modern, western attire, Kenyan communities covered their bodies with different types of \u003ca href\u003d\"/story/amazing-aprons-6-facts-about-the-essential-wardrobe-staple-for-traditional-kenyan-communities/aQJCcbODs6CnLg\"\u003eskirts and aprons\u003c/a\u003e. They were used for practical, ceremonial, and decorative purposes, and were usually tied around the waist to cover the front of the body.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwUx52f2fv_njGpQBYEIePwsPI_tVWq7LVakU3uOovYfamTiyF6vSFcauzZXrtm4HqYXbHUHg","You could identify different sub-communities by their shield",[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"/story/the-elongo-the-power-of-the-maasai-shield/VAISgEywZgThIQ\"\u003eShields\u003c/a\u003e were used by Kenyan communities as a symbol of identification. For example, in the Maasai community, various shield designs were used for different sub-communities as part of a complex identification system.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwUx52f2fv_njGpQBYEIePwsPI_tVWq7LVakU3uOovYfamTiyF6vSFcauzZXrtm4HqYXbHUHg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eGet to know more about \u003ca href\u003d\"/project/identities-of-kenya\"\u003eKenya’s communities\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"10 Traditional Objects and Ornaments of Kenya","Explore the diverse culture of Kenya through these traditional objects and ornaments"]],["stella.common.cobject","Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o on What It Means To Be Kenyan","Kọ́lá Túbọ̀sún explores Kenyan identity with the celebrated author","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QPUVhjRvN9eGTGA5DTY6NWcGRGA226i2Yi7ov6QqMlKMXEGj1YlmZPiGtt4XLjmLOLJSe4","/story/BQWRX_9H-dfvTQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null,"Kenyan Identity"],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"BQWRX_9H-dfvTQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[null,"Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o on identity, Kenya, and the struggle for a better future","A conversation with the renowned Kenyan writer, professor, and language activist"]]]],null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,2,"Clusters","EditorialSection:3de9d1da-28fa-48b9-857b-1e47ef9c74a5"],["stella.edit.sect",null,28,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","\"The peoples of Kenya have an incredible richness of history and culture. Learning from what we already have, from all the communities, is the way into the world.\"","- Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_THH0Osl90gvXhnhza4F0H9jeV4O5-IrJaWaz9xfGpfdMdJFAxFOOSQD9FEa45WLYNlkErfbB4","/story/BQWRX_9H-dfvTQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null,null,null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:fa9e9f08-11c6-4005-9c25-d1fb8b074ff4","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_THH0Osl90gvXhnhza4F0H9jeV4O5-IrJaWaz9xfGpfdMdJFAxFOOSQD9FEa45WLYNlkErfbB4","1IL36Xt1M45RCR7XsAzOmm_tU68",[0.5,0.44561672,0,1.148868,0.62290186],null,null,null,[2000,2000]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"BQWRX_9H-dfvTQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[null,"Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o on identity, Kenya, and the struggle for a better future","A conversation with the renowned Kenyan writer, professor, and language activist"]]]],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,3,"Quotes","EditorialSection:820257f0-b872-4951-9345-00116706bb33"],["stella.edit.sect",["Find your ukoo","Meet the communities of Kenya",null,null,null,1],15,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","The Samburu Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QM4f8U-8cZaUm3_vgMB2EYlQtUbjBjJBIM74cC8m6OiMqnMsPJ0uCllaHs_4JEAnLsE727","/story/JwWh0Lc7NlRtIQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"JwWh0Lc7NlRtIQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,9,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SnD8kq92wldhLhmVjABf6aRkWtU2SpMUmRW1obyL8Ozryey74_-1Mianpux0uQ4DZp2pKSqp4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCelebrating our shared past, present, and future\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eInternationally known for their beautiful and colorful attire, the Samburu community were traditionally nomadic pastoralists. They speak the Maa language, and belong to the Nilotic ethnic group.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QdfA4mXDFuusEsZFJdmKGOj7ptU89gdCvdyyRhfOAaFUXrkA4Ju9-RCd4q3psyx6HCTtsoucQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe power of Nkai and Laibon\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally the Samburu believed in one God (Nkai), thought to reside in nature, making offerings and prayers important for rainfall and livestock. Diviners (Laibon) were believed to communicate with spirits through dreams and trances.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLake Turkana: home to the Samburu\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Samburu are believed to have migrated from Sudan, and are today mainly located in the Samburu county, Northern Rift Valley region.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE5OR3IzY3hYdkc2ek1MTklvb1JBcWtCbGppMVFTdDZzenNxY3pN",273.5527757560192,5.740538950696447,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNNGr3cxXvG6zMLNIooRAqkBlji1QSt6szsqczM\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-5.740539-ya-86.44723-fo83.83226",null,83.83226148523197,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE5OR3IzY3hYdkc2ek1MTklvb1JBcWtCbGppMVFTdDZzenNxY3pN\u0026sv_f\u003d83.83226148523197\u0026sv_h\u003d273.5527757560192\u0026sv_p\u003d5.740538950696447",null,0,[10,"AF1QipNNGr3cxXvG6zMLNIooRAqkBlji1QSt6szsqczM"],"SvInfo:54e8b2af-6e92-4059-8d42-60006bc28fce"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RMIG_ZH75kM8pkMY3zRJ79f4X87PDjIbbUvG1qWUm-QW7gZe5Hp_nN672hQUE7CSnSu9UGhg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePastoralists: cattle, sheep, and goats\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Samburu were mainly pastoralists, but in the past also hunted animals to supplement their food. Traditionally the men moved with their cattle herds in search of pasture and water, while the women did the milking.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QmtoftJc6Ak2RB-PrZQ5KmplJEUpZI9MQ-xz8GfkUZ8RLMFF951rng8CikOzX0wO_ymVOW2Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMeet the Samburu and experience their culture\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eExperience the fascinating culture of the Samburu community at the Desert Museum, Nairobi National Museum and the annual Lake Turkana Festival.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qs88nE_yNu4b8HKtV4eYhM93Y0ZHeAuNt1DyND5UdSqObylZBkIPfocvP1oaV5iDGYbdoiIkWk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Butterfly People\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Samburu are sometimes referred to as \u0026#39;The Butterfly People\u0026#39; due to their colourful ornaments, attire and hairstyles. Traditionally they made clothes and ornaments from animal skin, beads, shells and brass. Men dyed their hair with red ochre. Warriors (Morans) kept their long hair in braids, and dressed in more colourful attire than other members of the community. The women adorned themselves in beautiful multi-colored beaded necklaces, and other traditional jewelry.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R7i-sEO5uXTG3PFBPqlhmcnhHKB9O4HKVsziJ28k74r8r7I9chUefb_P22mP_YSmH6OGxed5k",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOchre-dyed plaited hair with bead ornaments\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYoung warriors (morans) would wear ornaments and dye their braided hair in red ochre.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q0fqBWePSd5AfVScrRFdUNnSnSNcrupdHUGyTWXegSgyVQ8usC9vOEbLK-hAnX6eLrd15FrHjC",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eElephant tail necklace\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWomen\u0026#39;s necklace made of elephant tail hair, each threaded with an old-style bead.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TPt5BTOtFHmJRlc60hSg8zA_qnht00yy41dctLougGmv7NbR2P1lz0p8JmViO7oqpb6yPpg38",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eColorful earrings\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe beaded earrings were worn by attaching them over the head.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T-Yfh17lsiATo_G74FoIUaJyTiV58L51qujmQO3_NL7Y8w4kRsyduoXlflyr_VEUoBgoPmcg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLdungot patterned earrings\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBeaded leather earrings with beads in triangles. This is an unusual pattern of decoration, called Ldungot. These earrings were worn only by wives of the Merisho (the oldest living age-set).\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SuJxsrCL2SBtS2ww_2WU0_fXUvWdtoz1M8eT9rTxFtUKqvMB7nQT1eX5-UuYuyautwF0L3IAA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCoiled ceremonial earrings\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMade with brass wire and coiled to the required shape, these beautiful earrings hang from the earlobes.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qgs4hb14UtJ8tIrkorjrlGlSQr2lEsarqOd6UzHRoV6HxUTGvOA-tcCRityxhn0KBIq-hYLN-9",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCeremonial cloak worn by boys\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA ceremonial goatskin cloak painted with red ochre and decorated with white cowries. It would have been worn over the shoulder by boys prior to being circumcised.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYJXx-3zAP59bq6RG5F9B74b1VKKAXTefr0dKjV-0RqGlYbRdXQUkH3y9bV13RHWvZg7YQTiY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBelt worn by young morans\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis colorful beaded belt was worn by young morans, and sometimes even given to their girlfriends as a token of their love.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RpYsZotFzs3u7QwXmWVfwCSM_jxq9Ouq8exB1bP7cS8bGTjDm_NueOptIt96-LdzVTe_YyXhg_",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSix stringed lyre\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis lyre was made and played by boys (laiok) before they become warriors. The resonator was made from an old box, diaphragm of cowhide and strings of twisted cow sinew obtained from the cow\u0026#39;s back.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qu83am5XZVYkPoULQ0e4yXtkzqY1xJDkFVEuUoWHmxPoMHMsRWpBSd5o2pWhbtcOG0bYmxVQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCloth worn by morans\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe red ochre cotton cloth was worn by morans as a skirt while dancing during ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TgVDKzLt_dzhyofp3CwHm0E_XX7mznwJHpPBWPK2BZP9xn7mLOvskPKNJTfVJnGyVpT7COn3o",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eIn 2008, the National Museums of Kenya established the Desert Museum in Loiyangalani, to preserve and promote the unique cultures of the eight communities living around Lake Turkana region, namely: El Molo, Turkana, Pokot, Rendile, Samburu, Gabbra, Watta and Dassanach.\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"Samburu Culture: A Celebration of the Past, Present, and Future","Discover the unique culture of the Samburu people, their history, traditions, and rituals"]],["stella.common.cobject","The Ogiek Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RKv6HlNe5mhem1_s_5lCvzyj0xYso7TiYBsjy7p2dl_bTyw4J8ZiggaeThUYocBjaafQXcng","/story/_QUhYmz9Xi9vLA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"_QUhYmz9Xi9vLA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RoMWbpGgt878gKdFMoovtXVxTQEq-ycJ71IMkIL37JoVyk-DwQjBzn1Kg7Y6-XhZuTSIn7VMk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA look into the history and culture of the Ogiek community\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOgiek are southern Nilotic speakers who live in Kenya’s Mau and Elgon forests. Today they are mainly farmers and beekeepers, and have a unique way of life well adapted to the forest.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SyV33NpO5yy9GM3jSHwtNT_SyPUNIRq5Anwfr9yDngTDjouXwEMjYuXhcRl2kHI_w87qebi3E",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNectar source\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe flowers of the Peacock plant (Albizia gumifera.) are an important nectar source for bees. The Peacock plant is native to most of the botanical regions in Kenya excluding the arid Northern region.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T3Frv6Uogh4uMsPHH1pUK6SJMgV0ZJan5s_MNSrSJexABDuQj4CXtO_8JLMbS4jbegzd-Om5o",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTraditional beehives\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally beehives were mainly made from the soquiet tree, covered with cut bark of the teet (cedar) tree, bound on both ends using tree vines. These were placed high on a tree in the forest and tied using leather ropes.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tz6eUQmGhtcvJGJs2ocGU_EQglA9NxeqB_-LaU4M-wgtfrF9bSy7YriL_w-zuPGqDPFTVVQmfW",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHoney harvesting\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis bundle of sticks, \u003ci\u003eSasiat\u003c/i\u003e (cedar bark), was used to smoke out the bees during honey harvesting. The bundle would be lit and placed at the mouth of the hive, forcing the bees to move to one end of the hive before the farmer harvests honey.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q2Qc3WTkGQUHg6pfX43Ck1ywId_TUIkAB5aixZ6OcJzWye4zAZIbFAinnEnb5HT-3fkHotA-g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCollection of honey\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHoney and honeycombs were collected through the opening on the beehive and then put in honey bags. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally men would present animal hide to women, who scraped off the hair and stitched the bag, using an awl and tenons from the forest log, for the men to use.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S1SETFU0I1Dzel-MgffcrWAN-7ZHb-hZnU6C_xnI8J3XZPw3qo4ggcyvfBguc_XHzoe3wHDjE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e Honey storage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAfter extraction, honey would be stored in pots or baskets, ready for use. These two flat bottomed and closely woven baskets with leather lids were made by women from the inner barks of the \u003ci\u003esilibuet\u003c/i\u003e tree. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWrapping thread would be sourced from the \u003ci\u003etabororiet\u003c/i\u003e tree to weave the baskets. Honey was traditionally used for feeding small children and during ceremonies such as marriage.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RoMWbpGgt878gKdFMoovtXVxTQEq-ycJ71IMkIL37JoVyk-DwQjBzn1Kg7Y6-XhZuTSIn7VMk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eDepicted is an Ogiek man carrying hunting and honey harvesting equipment.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QBCyv4KfKC2A4NH3W65ydpN3HCpfVUjZ5O9Q4XBLFqNzt5dpY7U_CkQ3TXdIkDg1977FF4FQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eArrow-heads\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eArrows had detachable heads that were poisoned before use, fitted to a wooden shaft and carried in quivers. There were different types of arrow heads used for specific purposes. There were sharp-pointed arrow heads used for bleeding cattle, blunt heads for killing birds, and barbed heads used as a weapon, for protection against attacks by other people. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese six arrows were made and used by Ogiek men for hunting. The shaft is made from cedar wood and the end fitted with vulture feathers using a string obtained from the sinews of a monkey\u0026#39;s tail. The sinew was popularly used for sewing.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QB67cyutMbzhS6HF5sbQjlP1cZPyyuwYIgVje9gweISV_3qlUpdUjXHpP3VZnjVHMbNH1YsA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e Animal trapping\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis object is a neck trap made from vine, and was used to trap animals. Animal trapping was done using a simple trip-lever platform trap, or a noose type of trap laid over a game trail. Animals stepped unknowingly on the covered platform, setting off a trigger. This would release a bent sapling attached to a vine, which tightened round the animal’s foot or neck.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SFy63n9Fmk1tZYGfZs6sFf-jLtKulkpY30gY24TwxBnaTJmuEemgBSBU1Gnh7Defw7NknZ1cY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe importance of family and traditional gender roles\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally the father was the head of the family and involved in all major decisions on matters concerning his family. In the absence of the father, the mother assumed authority. The eldest son was often accorded the same respect as the father once he was an adult. A woman\u0026#39;s place among the Ogiek was within the home. Her duty was to bear children and look after her home, which meant collecting firewood, fetching water, and cooking food that her husband brings home. On the other hand, the man\u0026#39;s duty was to provide food, leadership and protect his family. The children helped with household chores, agricultural activities, artisanship, etc.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QKndEwgDbpyobRaOS4U_ZuHMulVVe6sSwGTzDpNbMTzEy8byPMZC-6bGNl9Vw1q7eDjR71tN4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCircumcision: from childhood to adulthood\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Ogiek circumcised both boys and girls at puberty, though separately. The boys’ ceremony was called \u0026#39;\u0026#39;tumdo op werit\u0026#39;\u0026#39; while the girls\u0026#39; was \u0026#39;\u0026#39;tumdo op tiipiik\u0026#39;\u0026#39;. Men had to acquire the skills necessary to be able to provide for their families, fight, and protect their people as warriors before considering marriage. Initiates of the same age, circumcised at the same time, were given a rank grouping referred to as the age-set ( \u0026#39;\u0026#39;Ipinda\u0026#39;\u0026#39;- a name borrowed from the Kipsigis). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Joy Adamson painting of an Ogiek boy in circumcision attire. This attire was worn by young initiates as they wandered through the forest during the seclusion stage, in the company of one or two other initiates.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Ssdn3HPAYUxqX3YO9GoAX9af55ek1qG5mf48yPNEdFk-qDD0xLiuMlcisbttcsPgMIH4wXTg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarriage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Ogieks were polygamous and wives had their own separate houses and fields. Families arranged marriages and visited the bride and groom\u0026#39;s home severally with gifts of honey (honey beer or raw honey) to discuss the union and bride wealth. Bride wealth constituted bags of honey, skin capes and blankets. The bride\u0026#39;s father and other men of his lineage gave her to her new family during the marriage ceremony. At her husband\u0026#39;s home she would be welcomed with her own house and fields.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QDblzzXWNkz4l3EPfjaz3Hdw_63OnON4Ft3YPxunQnW_Nr8zH3r6LnE15EwXdVNcrphHwRAgg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOgiek bride\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDuring wedding ceremonies, people dressed in their finest clothes and jewelery. This is a painting of an Ogiek bride adorned with bead work.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TZGHpT2U9J8CCeAljLkqQpMB7SvQZqKbaZs0ZQxZtF9oWeJpST_1tLOb30XanPGBP7A7RCvQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e Divination ball\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe practice of divination was done by the Ogieks to foresee or foretell the future using supernatural powers. This divination ball is a seed obtained from lawisto tree, and was traditionally used by the Ogiek women for divination.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QQngciZx_YPZcW7C3eHA8ahNZWYHPPV_m9GyGUTCWygu4M9at1azluefNqLlp17lsstF3wVKs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePlant root for healing stomach ailments\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally herbs obtained from the forests were used for treating illnesses. An example of a common herb is this squat shaped root, obtained from a \u003ci\u003etuberous sumeto\u003c/i\u003e plant, which grows in the forest. The root would be boiled in water and drunk for its medicinal value. It was used for curing most abdominal ailments by inducing vomit.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RZWqWQdaUat4vUYfvQ2bht0S_xp6fXrQKcye0JJdrjYC9EK7tuwGXEm7kRoB3tMZl2tpfUUlM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCoat made from monkey skin and cow hide\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis beautifully designed coat (aguriek top poinik) was made and worn by men while hunting and gathering in the forest and during traditional ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_THw2MypgozZEKgtFGpL77-hr-DBQqL4HOkONHUp95JirN3NFhaUVFPPE7hmvH_maIpFHW6PA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHeaddress made from monkey skin\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis headdress was stitched and worn by men.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Swahili Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_StB_qRzkiYrDEwFB2Ma9QJvNVfqHr72UjgofLO-2-sSIDvkTbUdQrwP-nAZ4eT1X74b8MhHg","/story/qAVRxAllYVHzJg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"qAVRxAllYVHzJg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Swahili were initially called Wangozi. They are believed to have migrated from Shungwaya to the coast, where they intermarried with the Arabs. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Swahili are found along the east African coast, with some living in Mombasa, Kwale, Tana River, Lamu and Kilifi counties. They speak Swahili (Kiswahili).\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,null,129.85124855814277,16.38824998761116,null,null,null,null,90.04918450586759,"/streetview?sv_f\u003d90.04918450586759\u0026sv_h\u003d129.85124855814277\u0026sv_p\u003d16.38824998761116",null,158,null,"SvInfo:1a12dd50-118f-41d0-b303-fccbe24ebb40"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S2_rJEfDu5aAdrMHmFazIxNlQEgLvQrgLgrMSTwBv8lxzDTRuEKTfI3WKCMAceIscWqAepbcE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKangas\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA kanga, also known as a \u003ci\u003eleso\u003c/i\u003e, is a traditional Swahili cloth. It is a cotton cloth which has Swahili sayings printed on it. In this kanga, the saying \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eYa kale hayapo, zingatia uliyonayo\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; means \u0026#39;the past isn\u0026#39;t there, reflect on what you have\u0026#39;.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QA5lmOazY7e7ujBaQ8eKplDcGLjZ1dCqULUfqo58UaH8aeHoLlp5H94hx3gAQk02MkxpB8QA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePrinting kangas\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a traditonal kanga printing block (\u003ci\u003emataba leiso\u003c/i\u003e). It has carved out patterns on hard wood. Today, the Swahili use modern printing methods, and such blocks are no longer in use.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TwRee8EFuniXHskeieu26_Onxmk8he9mvD9VzTGy2BGi2KIla6bPZtT_mKiCdWzQojYlZDrPA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSwahili mat\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a mat (\u003ci\u003emkeka\u003c/i\u003e) made from doum palm leaves. It was made by men to be sold for use at home.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs skilled craftsmen, the Swahili make beautiful products like baskets, furniture and ornaments out of wood, reeds and doum palm leaves.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SE8PGxG6CI42Y889LTYMfQYMZOsDQXAzHdSJYg69jXzVovdAfDpEIVYXiS8hTaz_tTnoOBP3c",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMbuzi\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a coconut grater made of wood with an iron tip and decorated with animal symbols by a blacksmith. It was traditionally used by women for grating coconut to extract \u003ci\u003etui\u003c/i\u003e, coconut milk. \u003ci\u003eTui\u003c/i\u003e is a staple ingredient in most Swahili delicacies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QBb4lAMRjGSK2K5AIGMIB9mEPGJH4f0GTwNTdI1Dv1OZUGNsUGeFTowoUVEfjnjtPuKbX4s4E",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFood preparation\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA wooden mortar and pestle made by a craftsman and used by women for pounding grains to separate the cover from the seeds. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe wood was cut from a tree using an axe, and made hollow with a chisel.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TRFTFx-Oq-77ev5e-5f9pwaTShgrDeyvaS8CyVDF7UQjUOIyYSE7qXrRXboKfEpM2Yg6Eta5w",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaking baskets\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReeds used by women for making baskets of various sizes and uses.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SHrdyM9AcWQe6sa2DOcsP-IkxgHzcDun8KYMAFF3ZKJautkZEFyDKgDwjOT3QGH0kLmpXoLuGU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMan-made crafts\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a wooden block on which hats are shaped. It was made by a male craftsman and used by a male hat maker.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tg8z93Zi4M8Lk5BOy09U_IdEX1WZXbPGxa3DUIkWWYCcnJgg8YZ3YaBr26lmZQrzWW-t7LPg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA whisk for churning milk\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a large wooden whisk for churning milk. It was made by a male craftsman and used by women. The string on the central bar would be pulled back and forth through the holes on the side bars.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SVp4qVFyY60Y_MQD_tVyGTYfyAMNJa4--alsBw9gUNDII6HDDkzze2mETBpCLj-1Fk-u1MnQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSwahili marriage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a silver belt worn by women during a wedding ceremony. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSwahili marriages were traditionally arranged, and marriage between cousins was encouraged so as to keep property and family together. A bride price was paid to the girl’s family but it was never a sign of total ownership. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe parents of a young man would visit the girl’s family and negotiate on behalf of their son. A positive response would start up the beginning of the wedding plans. More visits to the girl’s family followed up, accompanied by gifts. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSwahili marriages take 3 to 4 months to plan, during which both families hold different ceremonies. On the wedding day, food and music is always offered in plenty. Divorces and polygamy are allowed as provided for by Islamic law.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tsa7yEzqHSvS9Sem_TPkSChQR98VlmAAbC0ToXzezYgymAUDDOrvopLLm-zPJwAxlGETSNtKGS",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSwahili food\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRice cooked with coconut milk has traditionally been a staple food for the Swahili. Their meals incorporate locally available vegetables, fruits, and spices served with tea several times a day. Fish is also central in the diet, while chicken and goat meat are popular for holiday meals.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis aluminium plate (\u003ci\u003esinia\u003c/i\u003e) was used for serving food for communal eating.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RJFq7fnrOZ98xBcy3kuNCvWluhJZ3qNOXLTEApxa8gmfPkBEU7T5dJB4osj6RFjkxcTy_mm6k",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSiwa\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Siwa is a ceremonial side blown horn made from ivory and brass. Among the Swahili it was perceived as a symbol of unity, and Swahili rulers served as its sole guardians. The Siwa was also believed to have supernatural and magical powers.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QYRVCDuy_HQihiJB8UCUkmuIrZkMrJUTbi0nh-s8ashD2Efdp1SwCJcP982IBJsQr_UceoK1Gn",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThere are different types of poetry. For instance, \u003ci\u003eutendi/utezi\u003c/i\u003e, which was used to record historical events; \u003ci\u003einkishafi\u003c/i\u003e, used to teach good behaviour and the fear of God; \u003ci\u003eukwafi\u003c/i\u003e, used to tell prophetic stories; \u003ci\u003etiyani fatiha\u003c/i\u003e, used to pray to God for relief when in difficulty; and \u003ci\u003ehamziya\u003c/i\u003e used to praise the prophet Mohammed. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eUtumbuizo\u003c/i\u003e (lullabies) were used to soothe a baby to sleep, and women also sang it to welcome their husbands home after a hard day in the fields \u003ci\u003eKimai\u003c/i\u003e was used by fishermen when they went fishing. The \u003ci\u003ezivindo\u003c/i\u003e is used to preserve words that are pronounced the same but have different meaning. Examples of teaching phrases include: \u003ci\u003eKosa moja haliachi mke\u003c/i\u003e, meaning \u0026#39;One fault does not warrant divorce of a wife.\u0026#39;\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RVnp8EMPoTfkVhWiiiMxpxxj_Wl2nbC2xphjYZanoovIPrVHyGcubPC38hZMWXeZXD9AmsJQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSwahili ceremonies and music\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a lyre with a gourd resonator from the Swahili community. Swahili music is both secular and religious. During important ceremonies like weddings or Maulidi, which celebrates the birth of prophet Mohammed, music and dance are inseparable. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTaarab is a type of Swahili music that is popular for discussing life issues and for grieving when someone dies.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Kikuyu Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QXSGAFtJBvF77zvw6OV9EINfweZ3WJlAXLYu5v7U7vaB20fx3MDKypaWyHmrz0SN4ldu8X","/story/qQUR6HqkIjAUIQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"qQUR6HqkIjAUIQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QcQcCb4VLssxO-J_35dlLrlbHdas-rutXLYglfbZyI1tdqWo0cYaSOq4ii55B85s94Der-5A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAncestors of the Kikuyu arrived in Kenya and settled on the slopes of Mount Kenya where they found the Gumba, whom they assimilated. The Gumba were hunters who made iron and pottery, and used honey and honey products. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kikuyu learnt the art of iron-making and smelting from the Gumba and, as their population increased, they dispersed to different areas around the slopes of Mount Kenya.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QIOC5w81TDlm4EH-WeaPosPK0CWZ3MhWQFmgLMFNYG2TkZe6XRWiOeCWLIDXT0-DALhFMmEZlO",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Agikuyu believe that Ngai created the first man (Gikuyu) and woman (Mumbi) to whom they trace their origin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOne day Ngai appeared to Gikuyu and allotted him all land south-west of Mount Kenya, currently Kirinyaga county. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGikuyu then built a homestead at Mukurwe wa Nyagathanga in Murang’a. This place is considered sacred and has many fig trees. Mukurwe wa Nyagathanga is a gazetted cultural site.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RIMiFmVJV9fHcBcbJQTQ5LRL6EHG-Ei0JNKLRHtfnWL3tX-WHrIDj7QMib2fj_lCG_OPxUHnw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eMumbi and Gikuyu were blessed with nine daughters: Wanjirũ, Wambũi, Njeri, Wanjikũ, Nyambũra, Wairimũ, Waithĩra, Wangarĩ, and Wangũi, but no sons. When time came for the daughters to start families of their own, their father prayed and offered sacrifice to Ngai under a fig (Mugumo) tree. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe next day nine men appeared under the mugumo tree who married the daughters. They became the ancestors of the nine Kikuyu clans.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QXULzg5kwFshBaWzZzNbdF4u2YobFVjmgjJ7wY6Az3Y_cDr2Hjzdd5ODhYUfKBLrHZm_oE3LQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e The work of the medicine man\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally medicine men (\u003ci\u003emundu mugo\u003c/i\u003e) were powerful people in the Kikuyu community. They were consulted about the future, for healing and cleansing from ill omens. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe primary apparatus of the medicine men consisted of a series of gourds, the most important of which was the divination gourd \u003ci\u003emwano\u003c/i\u003e. It contained medicine used to heal the sick. It has a long neck, decorated with a woven leather strap and plant fibre handle. It is sealed with a plant fibre lid, attached with leather to the neck.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RJUfpLi0vhOKv_42ZCLHkGlvtOkEl6QmThmZODOTxkDXQ-nDqUcSV7iR0uIVvZySrwbgveyPw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMugo wa Kibiru: the sheer\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMugo wa Kibiru was born in Kariara, Murang’a near Thika, between the 18th and 19th centuries. Although, his parents are unknown, he became a famous prophet. According to folklore, Mugo was found alone in the forest by a hunter called Kibiru as he was inspecting his traps. Kibiru was from the Gikuyu Anjiru clan, who were traditionally associated with prophecy and powerful medicine. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe hunter decided that he would adopt the young Mugo, known as Cege at the time, and bring him up as one of his sons – not knowing the greatness that he would possess in later years. Thus, he became Cege wa Kibiru. The name later changed to Mugo, which means ‘healer’.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RJUfpLi0vhOKv_42ZCLHkGlvtOkEl6QmThmZODOTxkDXQ-nDqUcSV7iR0uIVvZySrwbgveyPw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eAs a young boy, he was not afraid of wild animals while herding his father’s goats. As it was with other medicine men of that time, he possessed the powers to control animals. He occasionally claimed to have been with God. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs a grown up Mugo began prophesying. He prophesied about the coming of the white man. He said that there would come a strange a race of people whose skin color was like that of a small pale frog that lives in water (Kiengere) and that one could see their blood under their skins just like the frog. He also said that these pale strangers would have colorful clothes that were colorful like butteries (ciiuhuruta). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHe warned the Gikuyu that it was foolish for their warriors to ever face these pale strangers with spears because of their magical sticks that produced fire (guns shooting bullets). The White men also carried fire in their pockets (matchboxes), he said.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RUXwDblQKfC0GugdkEBtSdwp9PC5OtadVriG5kjSerM7QjG_CrPs_qpfkEc_cBKHAdRhLdLiU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKaruri wa Gakure: the great chief\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKaruri wa Gakure was a famous Kikuyu medicine man and warrior. He was born in Gathigiyo, to a father who was of the Angari clan and a mother whose name was Wangari. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYoung Karuri displayed leadership qualities among his peers and was consequently named him \u003ci\u003eMutongoria\u003c/i\u003e, which means leader. He belonged to the machungya makuru age set. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGrowing up, Karuri hunted elephants for ivory to trade with the Arabs. He became a medicine man to supplement his income. For thirty goats, he bought his first herbs from Githaiga wa Muya, Gikemi wa Karura and from the hunter gathering communities in the nearby forests. He led the Kikuyu warriors to battle after giving them medicine that was believed to make them invincible\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tx3MEY7LwMtZqN3lFx1HUfzrwhWwGy4i07xByimpEeJQG9GyKOqMRIodyCvvecz8iGLeTF2_M",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIron-working\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKikuyu blacksmiths (\u003ci\u003emuturi\u003c/i\u003e) made knives and weapons from iron ore, which was dug out of the ground and smelted. In most markets, tobacco, vegetables, skins and gourds were exchanged for iron, pottery, leather garments, salt and red ochre. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a traditional digging knife (\u003ci\u003ekahiu ka irima\u003c/i\u003e) with a wooden handle made by a blacksmith at \u003ci\u003eKirwara\u003c/i\u003e. The handle was carved from \u003ci\u003eMurembu\u003c/i\u003e wood. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was used by women for cultivating fields, clearing bushes, weeding and harvesting cassava and sweet potatoes.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q0UBhpW4xmlKKhFpIiztfgUKdnJmZZRP9WnqdU6eQTHnOg3I1KrOF_xiJgXoN6XzuObbDwRKo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBasket-making\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBasket (\u003ci\u003ekiondo\u003c/i\u003e) making was a notable traditional economic activity among the Agikuyu women. The \u003ci\u003ekiondo\u003c/i\u003e is a woven basket made in various shapes, colors, and sizes, and decorated with geometric designs. Strings for making the baskets were gathered from the bark of several indigenous shrubs. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eApart from weaving baskets and trays, the strings were also used in making snares, repairing calabashes, stringing beads or tying loads.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SMk-YdwhIAtFFkQEAf05_H5evfXAluwQeqg2qs0HbPfu6Zq9i830hT6Xg0WIepWpmfQcAb",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePottery\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKikuyu women made pots from \u003ci\u003eriumba\u003c/i\u003e, a special clay dug up in particular areas. The pots were mostly used for cooking, storing grain, carrying water and for trade. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Kikuyu pot, with a straight neck and rim decorated with diagonal lines, was made by women potters using a mixture of three types of clay – red, white and black – which were obtained from swamps and along river banks. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe women collected and made these pots under the shade, in a similar manner to the Kamba.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TIBsNRnSvO5jgz7VpU7maIy0PoMhgiIuIvP8jJkAU7RJyfbjQ-rex0Ze2kSupPtPG75Sn0L3Ya",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCeremonial headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA headdress made from sisal ropes which were dyed with castor oil. It was used by Kikuyu elders during ceremonial occasions.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RqEWAyotjVl58UY1c9P7TAfbUxgrqffAxSClr2AVQF83j84_gQ6aIGzMOSDIfI1cxdUnV-3Z8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA symbol of status\u003c/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis fly-whisk is made using a cow tail, fitted firmly with a wooden handle. It is made by men and carried by elders as a symbol of status.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QVk8WJKGFhYopKOHN6D50ZUdraEF4XPlReTgqj6FVuQEeVttAza1lXVSLnw12e6pWIA4EjNetn",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInitiation: new roles for young Kikuyu\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Agikuyu circumcised both boys and girls at puberty. As an important cultural practice, circumcision was characterized by celebration \u003ci\u003eirua\u003c/i\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCircumcised girls became women ready for marriage, and boys became warriors. Initiates circumcised at the same time, formed an age-set \u003ci\u003eriika\u003c/i\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Kenya today, female circumcision is illegal and the communities are encouraged to adopt alternative initiation rites which do not involve female genital mutilation.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qdso21XoqCmsCAKU4pPj_aMrXrFH6d8NmRo7Y71L7nSrN9fnd8Jy6RDN0v6SJ9wsH8_gNqtb0",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eShield for dancing\u003c/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Agikuyu made shields for dancing, called \u003ci\u003endome\u003c/i\u003e. They were carved out of a single piece of wood, with a hole for the arm instead of a hand grip, and were worn on the upper left arm. They were used by boys prior to their initiation as junior warriors. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEach year the boys of a particular territorial unit would choose a design, which they later used for their war shields once they had achieved warrior status. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eShields of this type became family heirlooms, though the designs might be scraped off and repainted many times as each new generation of boys prepared for their initiation.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R4K1d_Pq-yFtQnsay850eDrT3TYfZSfoDRiesaaecaNSSecRbo6GV9ACTq3ErXSwo0M2rWT04",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarriage the Kikuyu way\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen a young man found a suitable woman to marry, he was expected to pay bride wealth \u003ci\u003eruracio\u003c/i\u003e to her family. The parents of both the bride and groom engaged in discussions, exchanged gifts, and assessed whether the couple were a suitable match. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAfterwards, the elders and fathers of the groom and bride drank locally brewed beer \u003ci\u003emuratina\u003c/i\u003e together as they negotiated for bride wealth (sheep, goats and cattle). A man could marry as many wives as he could afford.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA traditional Kikuyu marriage ceremony \u003ci\u003enguracio\u003c/i\u003e is characterized by a great feast, songs, dance and merry-making.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Ts9Hv7sdD9svv4UxnyoAUbIAFTIJ9e474nDGfGLRhX47wTHKg0pIRDFIEQ21AZLPGobUS8AA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e A Kikuyu bride\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA portrait of a Kikuyu bride wearing traditional headdress, earrings, necklace and wedding dress.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RYgek2tdqR3Lyd01lGVG7dPD-chAV6J9W7-dSn7y9y3Q41KZTz_n1XRqnJ8Flfe2_RGfx6WFk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePlaying the fiddle\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe fiddle \u003ci\u003ewandindi\u003c/i\u003e is played by a specialist using a sisal stringed bow \u003ci\u003emuthage\u003c/i\u003e. The spcialist would go round the countryside playing the instrument and singing in markets and at dances.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TOMx75nFsmTN_T2GmsdtNJxwMOEwi1uDuixBuKFmAJ6jRxMLLzfAIeH1x3GNe1CXJYj-NP5L4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e Large rattles\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLarge rattles \u003ci\u003ekigamba\u003c/i\u003e were made by blacksmiths and worn by travelers and dancers just below the knee during special occasions such as war dances, initiation ceremonies and other ceremonial dances. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis particular large leg rattle was made with four long bells sewn on a thick pad of leather. It was worn by older men for dancing. Today, such bells are made from scrap iron and ball bearings.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Maasai Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qj1A2KrMGOHwQ9zopPZzVZYO4cSaXk-BEwQQYwUGT9hjocMGHRIZiG5Hx0zKSJb4U9SEfT","/story/dQXRBRpBomHaLQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"dQXRBRpBomHaLQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TrZc9efNEph3Io8oqrBIMXDC-Ca4bJRZLfvmh60btjFNHOA5kaODVJ-Ts89LxM87La-5G03-WL",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMeet the Maasai and experience their culture\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eExperience the fascinating culture of the Maasai community at Nairobi National Museum, Narok Museum, the annual Esiankiki Night Festival and the Eunoto ceremony.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TBHltRsU953_wYq1fT2bQmVeGzjlp0gRUHvo3QO31iqt19R9DUQvemwvygFp6SZCzc4VO6fQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSpiritual leaders: Oloiboni and Loibon\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSpiritual leaders, known as \u003ci\u003eOloiboni\u003c/i\u003e or \u003ci\u003eLoibon\u003c/i\u003e, were common in each Maasai family. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOloiboni had mystical as well as medicinal healing powers. They predicted the future and healed people from physical, mental and spiritual illnesses. They were in charge of the rituals, led the community in sacrifices, officiated ceremonies, and advised elders on spiritual aspects. They were also prophets, shamans and seers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePictured here is a horn with a leather lid. It was used by a \u003ci\u003eLoibon\u003c/i\u003e to store medicine.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TRq98rPjHQp6TxVGCUToVbKBB8eB3LH8SLyHXYpxIJFzn_yHYQcGKHti22-Z5TfeFlN5lrKCY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration: guarding the cattle and protecting the community\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the 16th century, the Maasai began migrating southwards from the lower Nile River. From the 18th century they began settling in southern Kenya and northern Tanzania. Today they reside near East African game parks.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S8TxjWxSzIxiQspUYCCtPs9zFGDqvTsTVC4hlkMympbn6BkignfkfNdDaBdJb7spEmvjDYhja_",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA cowbell to keep track of the calves\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis iron metal cowbell (\u003ci\u003eOltuala\u003c/i\u003e) has a loud sound, which helped keep track of the grazing calves.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RalyJERuvqHBsNq8oH4rZHG02_ljRCeR8DkuvA0Z3jyTn6ExlKc0bhlyXrxoMeXv0t2zv83fA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEmanyattas: ceremonial Maasai homesteads\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEmanyattas are ceremonial homesteads built for particular cultural ceremonies such as \u003ci\u003eeunoto\u003c/i\u003e. These houses are made of mud, sticks and grass, and plastered with cow-dung. Traditionally, Maasai houses are built by women.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TqVzWaK4VmtKOCUMK8XdFifXt21qHXp2HutK6oppacqPe_tRqtLWd5cJ4e38Z0odQLD8HS2g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEunoto ceremony: from boy to warrior\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUpon circumcision, boys graduated to young warriors popularly known as Morans \u003ci\u003eIlmurran\u003c/i\u003e. The ceremony is held every 10-15 years. It marks a new age-set.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QKJq23pKvOkg5nPqIVLuUG01WGkBDARxrPmP9M-Pt5oNj82ax2sopjw2umRk8dLxdt9gBAZA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA Maasai warrior shield\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMaasai warriors are known for being strong and courageous. Traditionally they protected the cattle and community with long spears and buffalo skin shields, which were decorated in red, white and black dye.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SQKHfCKmc3QhirXebw9vuBMqYcPDZ59DyoLw0k9mjdsMXgFnG2i-tL6dQcKIamDcXrWA8fGw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA Maasai warrior\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Maasai warriors traditionally had braided hair, which is dyed with red ochre. They wore beaded necklaces, ornaments and capes (\u003ci\u003eshukas\u003c/i\u003e) made of cowhide.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R0PYQre3e--n6C4wNrH1EV4_pVyaBGzV0H8w08xgU96QHM_mN5o8LDoFhT-n9wjSPanMFQVw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eImotonyi headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Maasai warrior is portrayed here wearing a \u003ci\u003eImotonyi\u003c/i\u003e headdress, symbolizing that he has been circumcised. The headdress is made of ostrich feathers and cow skin. He is holding a spear and shield.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TrdbgDDmTrg3CxyTXTwqFkUvxX1zzb93IVS0QOe7LzqmigqIaG5xUd45ItxJH8BVYlNbubhg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA sign of bravery\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Maasai warrior is likely to have killed a lion. He is wearing a headdress made of a lions mane symbolizing his bravery.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SbVVKajoKQxeP3IhmA_NaPsQY9eopklfev3xfLF32jRS2CYtzGHW3vYfqFuEXbk0easQrGiQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEmuratare: a girl\u0026#39;s rite of passage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally, as part of an elaborate rite of passage called \u0026#39;Emuratare\u0026#39;, young girls were circumcised around the age of 15. The ceremony initiated young Maasai girls into adulthood and then into early arranged marriages. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe girl in this portrait is wearing a cowrie beads headband (\u003ci\u003eisikira\u003c/i\u003e), which indicates that she has undergone this rite of passage. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Kenya today, female circumcision is illegal and the communities are encouraged to adopt alternative initiation rites which do not involve female genital mutilation.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q7184fV4kGsoQWxL50oHQKxBC_UQDR4q8DKCkQEspqtYM_nv5xWJ7FncEhSnNnSbo5Xzo5Fg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEnkononkoi necklace: a symbol of the passage of rites\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis \u003ci\u003eEnkononkoi\u003c/i\u003e, blue beaded necklace, is strung on a cowhide thong. It was made and worn to show that a woman had many daughters to be circumcised or married. It was also given to men by their fathers as an inheritance.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SC8MnSQqgK4bOonPYCkgfAwlVTgMGoeZg17BJfquq9F7-WbtKk83uyqR0gMYsyYqYqWN3Dy68",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBeautiful ornaments\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePortrayed here is a young woman wearing traditional beaded and metallic ornaments, signifying her age and marital status.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tnke0-EpeA3bHNAjSi6KG3Hn6eq6ZtWZronMqFdebfPtI5RIUAHlcRggKRbJurZMsEWpzPMiA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaasai blanket: a woven identity\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Maasai blanket or \u0026#39;red shuka cloth\u0026#39; is perhaps one of the most recognizable symbols of Kenya and the Maasai identity. Its origin is not known, but it could have arrived with the Scottish missionaries in early 20th century, becoming increasingly popular from the 1960s onwards. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Maasai blanket is dominantly red, and made of strong thread, enabling them to endure the harsh weather.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SVq-c3Xe1aiZewuEAagDalS8UVKnl2nkdfS0K15f3Wt0G1Nol0amLuDAgO-yQLnYy4HUd_",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eJumping dance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally, Maasai warriors are famous for their singing and \u0026#39;jumping dance.\u0026#39; A sign of strength and to impress the unmarried women, the warriors compete to jump the highest.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SmMqDr444jeY6uzIbHldBYhtiqcVOqzaT1MYkofQwyvlQ5UTGD8no_KPJ13_LOXdk0fhUfPdpo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWaist strap for traditional dancing\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis long leather strap was cut from cow skin and decorated with coloured beads. It was made by a skilled crafts-girl and worn around the waist by warriors as an accessory when performing traditional dances.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QHBiNxfrd7vgN8wtY7ffBpjv0N59tdjLd-pjFaQaxAm4FC1Nch219mQaIA1jwlxdT1hA2C",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA blue bracelet\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Maasai are known for making decorative beaded jewelry including necklaces, earrings, headbands, wrist and ankle bracelets.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QyTtR7eUEl1b8q2Dr4EpKKWhx62N9rYDIo5iTukE0QdbcG7NLOG6NkvBXv2DaNR_325PPOtbY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaasai warrior apron\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWorn by Maasai warriors, this apron was made of cow skin and decorated with metal and red, white, yellow, orange, green and blue beads.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rbq1U4_-XhYmkhiWz9Q4bp6-ubK7LWX3dCEdWx2k1JROafshqj01b-eyIN9gqSA86Zunqc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA leather bag with beadwork\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo make this bag, buffalo hide was folded while still wet, and the edges were stitched. When the hide was dry, the hairs were removed using a metal scraper. The bag was used to store food and personal objects.\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"Celebrating Kenya's Cultural Heritage","The Maasai Community"]],["stella.common.cobject","The Kamba Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QiaUU5GYEx9AqwUmf5LPDEMGE9wlgEJVYbXw6sPg3FOCZa0vekUmoNg2kFp0JeMIVJhzz8","/story/ZAVhnBc0pHdLIA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"ZAVhnBc0pHdLIA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kamba are believed to have migrated from the Mount Kilimanjaro area, where they had settled about 1300 AD. From here they moved to Taita and the Mbooni hills between the 15th and 17th centuries. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDue to population pressures, some were forced to migrate and traveled through the plains to the coast, then up to the Tana river through Shimba hills to their current location.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE44SmU0SzV4SFRpR21hTkFveXFXY0MxeVN5b3BjVGxSZVQ3b3FV",288.33207728512986,7.671986187175136,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipN8Je4K5xHTiGmaNAoyqWcC1ySyopcTlReT7oqU\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-7.671986-ya-71.66792-fo114.20402",null,114.2040165034728,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE44SmU0SzV4SFRpR21hTkFveXFXY0MxeVN5b3BjVGxSZVQ3b3FV\u0026sv_f\u003d114.2040165034728\u0026sv_h\u003d288.33207728512986\u0026sv_p\u003d7.671986187175136",null,0,[10,"AF1QipN8Je4K5xHTiGmaNAoyqWcC1ySyopcTlReT7oqU"],"SvInfo:7eb5d1b0-c02a-4797-9779-946297b9fb40"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S4aCbT70gfzafviYzThRNcd2WcIH_giiZ4SY5VXRMWFRKNI2Qsat0A2Wq2uRrJYP8-H0oetBY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming cereal crops, vegetables, and fruits\u003c/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an oval ended digging tool (mutuvu) with a blade. It was made by a Kamba blacksmith from scrap iron. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreviously, women used it to dig or weed their farms. Such tools are no longer in use today and have been replaced by modern farming tools like hoes and ploughs.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qhyd_0CNpRHkcTSW2Nk3UvzlDXBieb-rjS5pQMEorGBzudY8CzXl3yvNcwHrrvyWpoe1HEoSs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBranding cattle and beehives\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis branding iron has a wooden haft. It was made by hitting the iron into the wooden haft when it was still red-hot. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe owner would have used it for branding his cows or beehive with his chosen special marks, so that they could be easily identified. The iron would be put in fire until it was red hot, and then pressed onto the animal skin or the beehive to imprint the desired mark. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe mark used on beehives would be quite different from the marks branded on cattle. The branding iron may also be used for burning sores on animals.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S_lfvhHGqTT3N9BpscUaQvNIh4xyXxZOuvcBOTdGncIO2pNFoV23pMwoK7l_NOGqfHqq0wc44",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe art of honey harvesting\u003c/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis traditional honey barrel would commonly have been used for storing honey. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt is made of wood, has a cow hide lid and twisted fiber straps. To make it, a tree trunk was cut and made hollow using a tool called a \u003ci\u003emuthatagwe\u003c/i\u003e, then the leather lid straps were added to facilitate carrying of honey.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sgm8GWZMzrrl3ohJfUL1ocKI-YEmM_Ua5Gp2w1kOCVSWVMizHS7IaPCGo8N-LTwQWnReofzg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProtecting the family\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis arrow head was made from scrap metal and fitted on a stick by a blacksmith. It would have been used together with a bow to hunt, and also as a defensive weapon when attacked.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rc191b-djjaZ13wRJhFIiqdDgfGx282AX-D2ApEn3CUf2i_MgNuoySCXxu9vYNPY3hkfzh",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePounding grains\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a pestle (\u003ci\u003eNdii\u003c/i\u003e) and a mortar (\u003ci\u003eMwithi\u003c/i\u003e) made by men. The mortar is made from wood of the \u003ci\u003endii\u003c/i\u003e tree, and the pestle made from the \u003ci\u003emwithi\u003c/i\u003e tree. It was used by women to pound grains before cooking.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RpdNu50ciHe0oAtDNF-TrI7k1gli5xoHLt1Hb7UPz8kGMYC2jugDskWIxTn-1LhdfGNm5_sg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBaskets\u003c/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis basket (\u003ci\u003enthungi/kyondo\u003c/i\u003e) was made by women and girls using strings rolled on the thigh from sisal or \u003ci\u003emuamba\u003c/i\u003e (baobab) bark. The fiber was cut from the tree by young boys before weaving. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe basket has been patterned with strings dyed with red ochre and charcoal, and cowhide straps attached. It was used by women to carry vegetables, fruits, grains and flour from the farms (\u003ci\u003emuunda\u003c/i\u003e) to the market.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TDMpoeQLS5OwoiXJ7Mj_1lvUhLZAkO7E0D3l4O81IsZ7K_HujEU3z1CyYVnQw0eLz2a-lEuA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBoys herding cattle\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a horn (\u003ci\u003emuvy\u0026#39;a\u003c/i\u003e) used as a musical instrument. It was blown by boys and young men when herding cattle and also as a warning of approaching enemies. Two signals were given for dangerous animals and one for human enemies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R-Xube0FzaSRVuQtqRZTApXgrCain3ixrLaOWZrzKBbwAaGJ6LLG2wOPyLYAPxk5hGViDahMQ4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCircumcision\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis circumcision knife has one sharp side, and would have been used by a woman circumciser to circumcise girls.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kamba practiced circumcision for both boys and girls, which was the main initiation to adulthood. Circumcision was known as \u003ci\u003enzaiko\u003c/i\u003e, and the perfomer (usually an old man or woman) was called \u003ci\u003emwaiki\u003c/i\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kamba had two circumcision ceremonies: the first one called \u003ci\u003enzaiko nini\u003c/i\u003e was done when initiates were between 4 and 5 years old. The second one (\u003ci\u003enzaiko nene\u003c/i\u003e) was done at puberty, when the initiates were told the secrets of the community. Only circumcised men and women were allowed to marry and start a family.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eToday circumcision of girls is illegal in Kenya, and communities are encouraged to use alternative initiation practices.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QIy2zaCiZ_A_c7vv5xA3FYGDUlflpnlJpRn4-0qMkWnx32MBcHNNbhBrn_1XTZ46xlrdiI4RM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKamba marriage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKamba marriages were mostly arranged by the parents, but sometimes a man was allowed to choose the woman he wanted to marry. A man who was seeking a wife would choose a woman and ascertain that she was willing to marry him. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen the suitor had made his choice, his father would go to see her father. Should his father have died, a paternal relative took his place. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIf the father of the woman agreed to the marriage, the mother of the man would visit mother of the woman to ensure that she was also satisfied. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThree goats (\u003ci\u003embui sya ntheo\u003c/i\u003e) were then sent to the woman\u0026#39;s father as a sign of commitment and one would be slaughtered. These goats would be sent with a leather halter or strap of cowhide, which would be sent back to the sender as a sign of consent. If the woman\u0026#39;s father had changed his mind, the goats could be returned.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QIy2zaCiZ_A_c7vv5xA3FYGDUlflpnlJpRn4-0qMkWnx32MBcHNNbhBrn_1XTZ46xlrdiI4RM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003ePayment of the bride wealth/ngasia was made according to the wealth of the suitor’s family and the terms of the agreement. Bride price (\u003ci\u003eTheo\u003c/i\u003e) could never be said to be paid in full, because it was considered to last as long as the relationship. There were always one bull and two cows included in the bride price, and a certain number of goats. It was the number of goats that varied according to the agreement. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNowadays, sheep or cash, or a proportion of each, may often take the place of goats. Other requirements include: leather rope (\u003ci\u003emukwa\u003c/i\u003e), a drum containing honey (\u003ci\u003ekithembe kya uki wa nzuki\u003c/i\u003e), bananas, traditonal beer (\u003ci\u003emuatine\u003c/i\u003e), among other items. Small presents to the mother of the bride and other close relatives are also customary at the time of the negotiations. After the bride wealth is paid, she is ceremoniously abducted to her husband’s home.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SzCQsSuTVxgK771InpBNvHsUo4wvXX1Fi5XtKuDbLuqOq7zFLkF3GHHljFqckVBat1-vxN4g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kamba creation story and folklore\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLike other communities the Kamba also has their own traditional creation story. They believed that their god, \u003ci\u003eMulungu\u003c/i\u003e, created a man and woman and placed them on a rock, \u003ci\u003eNzaui\u003c/i\u003e, where their footprints, including those of their livestock, can be seen to this day. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMulungu\u003c/i\u003e then caused a great rainfall. From the many anthills around, a man and a woman came out. These were the initiators of the ‘spirits clan’- the \u003ci\u003eAimo\u003c/i\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt so happened that the couple from heaven had only sons, while the couple from the anthill had only daughters. Naturally, the couple from heaven paid dowry for the daughters of the couple from the anthill. The family and their cattle greatly increased in numbers. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWith this prosperity, they forgot to give thanks to their creator. \u003ci\u003eMulungu\u003c/i\u003e punished them with a great famine. This led to dispersal as the family scattered in search of food. Some became the Kikuyu, others the Meru, while some remained as the original people, the Kamba.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tzf7sYSpx5UV9YSZfChjsVVcZ31Yh9luZxwUtlwpXajdGrWWFnbm5-fjuDGgvrGGzM-_JE_1I",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSyokimau: the powerful prophetess of the Kamba\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLong before the coming of the white man, possession of supernatural powers was greatly revered by Kenyan tribes. Among these tribes, only a few individuals could rival Syokimau of the Kamba in prophetic powers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSyokimau was born and raised in Iveti Hills, near what is now Machakos, in the 1800s. Besides being a prophetess, she was a great medicine woman. Her people held her in high regard because it is claimed that she could predict if other communities such as the Maasai and the Kikuyu would attack, giving Kamba warriors enough time to prepare to defend themselves.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RWWfP88yiephgGb_HgXpxCQr1AgufpHxxNQ7WPswGvUQLC7ItfKVz80ZbPxaDCqmPHos3Tew",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eShe is said to be the greatest Kamba prophetess that ever lived because she prophesied the coming of the White men, and the building of the railway line, with unmatched accuracy. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn her prophecy she saw a long snake spitting fire and smoke as it moved from one water to another. People came out of it, their skin like white meat and their words nonsensical like the chirping of the birds. In their pockets, she said, they carried fire with them, everywhere they went. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eForetold somewhere in the mid-1800s, her prophesy about the coming of the White men was probably before all the prophets that followed in later years. She also foretold the coming of a generation that would behave in strange ways. This generation would talk like weaverbirds, claim to be wiser, and break traditions. They would do things that were considered taboos. Surprisingly, they would even build houses on top of one another!\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RWWfP88yiephgGb_HgXpxCQr1AgufpHxxNQ7WPswGvUQLC7ItfKVz80ZbPxaDCqmPHos3Tew",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eIn the 20th century, her prophesy did come to pass. The long snake that spit fire and smoke was the Kenya-Uganda railway line, which began at the coast in Mombasa near the Indian Ocean. The railway snaked across the land to the then Port Florence (now Kisumu), home of the Lake Victoria. The strange people with skin like white meat were the White people, the colonialists, and their so-called nonsensical words were the English language. The strange generation that was prophesied is our generation. We have, after all, built houses on top of other houses – all the skyscrapers we now see.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSyokimau died in mysterious circumstances that even her people could not explain. Her tribesmen claimed that she died and was resurrected twice, before dying for good the third time.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was later said that Syonguu wa Kathukya, another prophetess from Athi River, was so amazed at her prophesy that she named the place that is now called Syokimau after her. There is a statue of Syokimau at the new Syokimau Standard Gauge Railway station to celebrate this great Kamba prophetess and medicine woman.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RfTWaGsFdY_sa-Hze40QvmLOMUHQDMR4eniWw4IPN5uMfQO7iBT8E_J6bS8T-6q8mESZ_0qg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA healing gourd cup\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis calabash (\u003ci\u003ekwausia\u003c/i\u003e) was made and used by a medicine man. It was tied to a medicine man\u0026#39;s bag with a rope. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA patient would drink medication from this calabash after it had been swilled around him/her. This medicine/charm was also used to treat women having difficulties with childbirth.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q_kzdI47e__weBD9OgkgwjESxghGnDq3gLEBMqzVc-2iaTBCPxCvsHCw8VlsEzej_p3TKaCw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSnake antidote\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis root from the \u003ci\u003endonga\u003c/i\u003e tree was used by Kamba people as an antidote for snake bites.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qznh6uVjTwx2LsEplkd62uRsP3OlOy-kycWSWStSVBdvy4kVwpxpBfDCg-Mr6Vk9bdAIGLjgw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA charm for protection\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a bag made from a male goat skin, a serval cat tail, a pointed piece of wood with a hole in it, and a cord made from the \u003ci\u003emuthaalwa\u003c/i\u003etree. It was made by a specialist, and used by old married men as a charm to protect their homestead and livestock.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QA6Clva-9ZGkTbFu_Zcngp0rkWe14WO2JHyCpJVi8EJjRh8KounIyJV5PdGdnvxr_2QDtgGg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKilumi: the Kamba spiritual dance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the Kamba\u0026#39;s worship of spirits, dancing was an important feature, whether it was to heal someone possessed with a troublesome spirit, or to voluntarily get into communication with the spirit-world, to ask the spirits about something one wanted to know. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKilume was a spiritual dance, performed by the medicine man/woman. It was believed that the dance appeased the spirits, causing the troublesome spirit to leave. Musical instruments used during the dance included the drum, and beaded necklaces with aluminium bells to create rhythm.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RTSMgKJcXTjiLpcotiawHfx9hWrvJk-maoINUM-a8U2rjpaEWzo2fjgAX8f5Xl7Q2wkMo1tQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBeer: an old-man\u0026#39;s drink\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a piece of \u003ci\u003ekigelia\u003c/i\u003e fruit, used in making beer (\u003ci\u003euki\u003c/i\u003e).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Kamba tradition, beer was only taken by old men during ceremonies and leisure time. The traditional beer was made from sugar-cane juice, \u003ci\u003emwatine\u003c/i\u003e fruits and honey. The brewing process took a couple of days to ferment and be ready to drink.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sz_wpIcCiiWKRLCyjT9YZMzsd-hOW2fNAxF0M7HwTbDL5HC31HeXBWniS6apR7rBPAev-0jg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSnuff\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a snuff container with a wooden stopper. It has a cross hatched design scratched in squares and lines of triangles. It was used by both old men and women for holding snuff.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSnuff is made from tobacco (\u003ci\u003ekumbatu\u003c/i\u003e) leaves. The leaves are fermented, dried and ground before use. Snuff was used by old Kamba men and women for leisure.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Kisii Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SrQVHDruy-3ZNkTPQ7R8vojXl4ZCs1YE4l9LlQnTcqcEoBTF65bPDWXtvXIW_OmCAh7MwiGA","/story/SwXBbo_fCDvzLQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"SwXBbo_fCDvzLQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QgJ4okdMAVf-uzY1XJzFRzLyqmwBa6OlgHMttJNhxUtQhQcKFYRFDWLnPIwPIeFoZDKApBun8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCultural influences through migration\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kisii are believed to have entered western Kenya from Uganda. They later moved from the foothills of Mount Elgon, settled for a while in the Kano Plains, then migrated to their present settlement in Kisii and Nyamira counties.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFrom Mount Elgon to Kisii and Nyamira counties\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the course of their migration, the Kisii are believed to have interacted with, and borrowed cultural aspects from, the Maasai, Kuria, Luo and Kipsigis.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE1INlp0dUNadlNWOEFfVFljZ0ZqcS1fR3NrS1FHNExtWDIxNVhH",83.94615511608148,8.18099107734814,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMH6ZtuCZvSV8A_TYcgFjq-_GskKQG4LmX215XG\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-8.180991-ya83.94615-fo120.83381",null,120.8338116312587,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE1INlp0dUNadlNWOEFfVFljZ0ZqcS1fR3NrS1FHNExtWDIxNVhH\u0026sv_f\u003d120.8338116312587\u0026sv_h\u003d83.94615511608148\u0026sv_p\u003d8.18099107734814",null,0,[10,"AF1QipMH6ZtuCZvSV8A_TYcgFjq-_GskKQG4LmX215XG"],"SvInfo:376caa4d-4fab-452c-9097-d713f89da43d"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TgUBHOMBz6UOPkhreOhG7AzsdvFadr4CuvKk7q95aaXhoxuRVjU8XaEqBHc07SrFmHbnNjM_U",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePolitical structure: the clan\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally each clan had a clan leader who was in charge of making decisions on behalf of the clan. The family head was responsible for making the daily decisions in and around his homestead.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Quqgk0Pp5qHno2tnoiAlAUL23SgrD_lkiZBivRjAd_-INCAMPHZzrKZvcpEIMgxxi8v1A4HUwB",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Chiniangi initiation ceremony\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAmongst the Kisii, initiations were gender-segregated, and the operations performed by female and male circumcisors. There was a period of seclusion for both genders. The circumcision rite involved training the initiates to know rules of shame (\u003ci\u003echinsoni\u003c/i\u003e) and respect (\u003ci\u003eogosika\u003c/i\u003e). Girls were circumcised at the age of seven or eight, and boys a few years later. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Kenya today, female circumcision is illegal and communities are encouraged to adopt alternative initiation practices.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TbiHlRChl5bNcyT2HBYqOtm4xyQajR6CNE5YSEuwdkEsQmXkYlXuQVuSz9e-epAUrSTGMBJg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEgetinti chain\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGirls wore this beaded chain, called \u003ci\u003eEgetinti\u003c/i\u003e on their heads during the initiation ceremony. It was also used in rites to make an imaginary animal called \u003ci\u003eEnyamweri\u003c/i\u003e, at whose ceremony girls acquired maiden names.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TIfIezCeaw-Ea2ohW0f3RuE9gK2ISkRROMfQt4dhtywRwR210N8aZQg4qZVH4dpOWRnFrS4S4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBells for dancing\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCircumcised girls would wear these iron bells on the day they made their first public appearance after seclusion. They were also used during \u003ci\u003eribina\u003c/i\u003e ceremonies (a dance for attracting rain), and during funeral dances.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SP2Awz_OVsqmuyfhb8kJM7UqiywspU6LL8x1k2ANxiS2lKAz2s8bl5kVNaVBzBp-Qx16_Fvg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarriage traditions\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditional marriage was established through the payment of bride wealth in the form of livestock and money. Bride wealth was paid by the husband to the wife\u0026#39;s family. This act established a socially approved marriage. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally, divorces were rare and required the return of the bride wealth. Upon the death of a husband, the widow chose a husband from among the dead man\u0026#39;s brothers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePictured is a conical headdress \u003ci\u003e(ekiore)\u003c/i\u003e with radial rows of cowries or cowhide base. It was worn during special ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SP2Awz_OVsqmuyfhb8kJM7UqiywspU6LL8x1k2ANxiS2lKAz2s8bl5kVNaVBzBp-Qx16_Fvg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAncestral spirits and funerals\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kisii believe in ancestral spirits. In the past, displeased ancestral spirits were believed to be responsible for diseases, the death of people and livestock, and the destruction of crops.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kisii conduct funerals at the departed person\u0026#39;s homestead, where a large gathering is a sign of prestige. Christian elements, such as catechism-reading and hymn-singing, are combined with the traditional practices of wailing, head-shaving, and animal sacrifices.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Ru1SgMLt1dYEUwdTNOoxqrpNleWqI8rw1_NzqUKTpt84vRO9xt9jg1nTjn3eq32ELHsvHCpA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHelpful tool for farming: obokombe\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUsed for farming, this hoe (\u003ci\u003eobokombe\u003c/i\u003e) was made by a blacksmith from iron ore. The iron was heated and hit into shape on a stone, then attached to a wooden handle made from wood of the \u003ci\u003eekebago\u003c/i\u003e tree.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Th649hupegV_svMlRK1suvl4efaaHYj0-5LBK2qC65l-MNs94MEVSC-9-uQ0m1DnI1uINAGRs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTraditionally, men protected the community and went hunting\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUsed by male adults during war and hunting, this arrow and quiver (\u003ci\u003eEkibariri emigwimade\u003c/i\u003e) is made of leather and \u003ci\u003eebisiringi\u003c/i\u003e wood.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tr3sS2c7lCdO-X3qdGozQfL-k0RIv2IynSUW1PyOXM9X4kgzm-mB1xfWlWvUzzFqnY7gCIAdnS",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe bow and arrow: obota and chiniago\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe bleeding bow and arrow were made from wood of the \u003ci\u003eeketubi\u003c/i\u003e tree, and were used to draw blood from the animals which the Kisii used for food.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RB3MV-9jQs0j_mKYbQufcmhInNTO0_Fo1RqsZNtR_HYDV8SoEvuraGDSovEhQoatktHBt_",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSkilled blacksmiths: ekoiyo\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis adze (\u003ci\u003eekoiyo\u003c/i\u003e) is made of a bent wooden haft fitted with an iron metal head. It was used for carving wooden objects such as stools and mortars. Traditionally, smithing was reserved for men, and blacksmiths became wealthy and influential.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RchS9bq77etA0zciLuBUoGZ4B9uSmy9EzKMWSJoZk0N1ClBpe_6NKKNqmvkuGgYAJ5NXhVP-o",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCraftsmanship: soapstone carvings\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eToday, the Kisii soapstone carvings have received international recognition. The stone is mined and carved in Tabaka, South Mugirango, where several families specialize in this art. The craft attracts tourists and generates income for the community.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RTi--tt-snG_Zllzy86DHVP8O1Y-M0c_pf0UnPjTPPfoSb0xfrHT3N_8fmDW_L_G9RRIqrHww",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCarrying farm produce\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis basket was used to carry food from the farm to the market.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QPFhkkd-1m7l1G43pCE-es5WsJwWEVBh8e2B1jDKfH72gyjy40F8tWQepeMcniirhAk_Z7srs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA beer straw\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis long beer straw was used for drinking traditional beer from a communal pot. The straw \u003ci\u003eorogore\u003c/i\u003e was cut from wood of the \u003ci\u003eomonyankore\u003c/i\u003e tree, then hollowed using a wire.\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"Kisii Culture: A Celebration of Kenya's Heritage","Explore the rich history and traditions of one of Kenya's most vibrant communities"]],["stella.common.cobject","The Taita Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sqr0f5qBRhTT_CTk-cHoAt4SOJ-Q8AxvJOkDjOq6LHqbkSNHIkOTwDOXkfOpHOvF30B7d8gw","/story/jQXRqt3He9KKLw",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"jQXRqt3He9KKLw"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement of the Taita\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Taita are believed to have migrated from Central Africa alongside other coastal Bantu communities, who went north to Shungwaya. Due to attacks from Cushitic communities, the Taita migrated south to the Taita Hills.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE5CSndlMVBkQV8yQURxQ09fX2M5STlkbVJ1bjdVVUpKSzNlU2R3",162.82281951185004,9.82840880850165,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNBJwe1PdA_2ADqCO__c9I9dmRun7UUJJK3eSdw\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-9.828409-ya15.82282-fo88.22727",null,88.22727123590164,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE5CSndlMVBkQV8yQURxQ09fX2M5STlkbVJ1bjdVVUpKSzNlU2R3\u0026sv_f\u003d88.22727123590164\u0026sv_h\u003d162.82281951185004\u0026sv_p\u003d9.82840880850165",null,147,[10,"AF1QipNBJwe1PdA_2ADqCO__c9I9dmRun7UUJJK3eSdw"],"SvInfo:45867f41-1f8b-45be-9a9b-77047447d0e7"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QtFiz3qiax2Kd-ft56gj9b0V_PxLzPdaAA67i3TON4Mldyd_5NKo_ffc5h0ad4XZ72rQ6A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMulungu, Milimu, and the sacred Taita Hills\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Taita believed in one supreme God, \u003ci\u003eMulungu\u003c/i\u003e, and ancestral spirits (\u003ci\u003eMilimu\u003c/i\u003e), whom they called upon in times of calamity and misfortune. Evidence of their worship and sacrificial remains has been found in caves in Taita Hills.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RauzcMTlSuALdFFVGIR4A960bl6FBoYl7mIdZoXCRb3Ck2uICW0KOIKSJVG5zg3dU-zx8DUQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eElders and leadership\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLeadership among the Taita was based on territorial allegiances. The three main regions are \u003ci\u003eDawida\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eSagala\u003c/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eKasigau\u003c/i\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SlpfXH-IjVB-YvkhISpP45ah5NUiDsiC7LpUK_uuYCqMTgr4MCEsdRBPzppmOcpleWGLHM_ClJ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe elders and the headmen\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere were two types of authorities: the headmen and the elders. Once appointed, a headman couldn\u0026#39;t be deposed, and on his death he would be succeeded by one of his sons who was approved by the people.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_So3vPx37BDfRvllqlYJcLEgqLS_7wyutphZiI3PCb2OKZjDvq8tYIL3YbPy-nBxZC5w8bCBg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDivision of labour\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLike almost all the agricultural societies in Kenya, the Taitas\u0026#39; traditional division of labour delegated the clearing of land to the men and the cultivation to women. Harvesting was done by men or women, depending on the crop. Men maintained the irrigation scheme.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R1PtvsiGX1YlaTdWKpPdrFp8KsoaaaV19AMBanS4JnbDeqkMkOXPAzUrZR_Hrb3AePxT8BtQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe main task of the headman was to preside over the council of elders. The concerns brought before the council included cases of debt, conflict between lineage and villages over land and water rights, marriage questions, matters to do with cattle, as well as criminal offenses.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TmLENYPP7JSNdaYxsgeD3OAA03tnTPGGbkvawpPijIUPANNYUi00Ipicwy9AZxTf9o8CnVa78",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe initiation of girls and boys\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally, circumcision of girls was done between the first week after birth and two to three months of age. It was believed that wounds bled less and healed faster at an early age. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Kenya today, female circumcision is illegal and the communities are encouraged to adopt alternative initiation rites which do not involve female genital mutilation.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tuk_zT1E2vFNb3d1VDNoJqO2m_lB2jKGhASmcFaZo_N6VOkDTuMwC4r0OeYepBYVHIJRbVBw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBoys\u0026#39; initiation\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCircumcision of boys was done between the ages of eight and twelve in a ritual ceremony that took place in the homestead. A second initiation for both boys and girls was done years later, to initiate them from childhood to adulthood.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T_Bm6h_BGqWBG2s-0YJAWCIOmrSvlc8wVhsSYeqVQGMMg769XAxiBkvB6tZoLAP2IigUOr3g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe second initiation: Ngasu and Mwari\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHere they were given \u0026#39;the secrets of the society\u0026#39;. Boys’ seclusion was called \u003ci\u003eNgasu\u003c/i\u003e, while for girls it was called \u003ci\u003eMwari\u003c/i\u003e. They were both taught their roles separately. After the training period, a girl would be deemed ready for marriage.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RhW_bdM27R51w1jp-Kg3eqPbGckvlGql7-kK_zGbUnE686UJYUmNO7EPD84bm9J4bYTU4XBw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026#39;Malaika\u0026#39; love song\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMembers of the Taita community are talented musicians. The late Fadhili Williams, known for his international hit song \u0026#39;Malaika\u0026#39;, was one of many recent Taita musicians.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TJSRS2aa7Bx-BYMh_pwZ9xakO7YjbVbSw2e5qKDDAw74MMkfjpRCPRAzSC2uF9ChlJhgv79g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBeer gourds\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA long narrow and a small round gourd with a hole on the side and at the top. These were cut by old men, using a knife, and washed out with water and small stones. The long gourd was for drinking beer while the other was for pouring.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qk7qD2G6VRA-DIrNMppPc3RgXUUS7-IYVStDtqwi38PHhlXCyesZkjtC_MS4FeFJnI6OrfSQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSnuff container\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a snuff container (\u003ci\u003eLwembe\u003c/i\u003e) made of wood cut from the \u003ci\u003emwaghare\u003c/i\u003e tree by an old man, and used to keep snuff.\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"Celebrating the Taita Community","A rich history and culture"]],["stella.common.cobject","The Tharaka Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qe2EsTfuNuJWDmwbfeucnx10FcSx97kUml909sFlQl3nSPEYklIfoBLESEVFxwKxcqKICI","/story/CwWBMhEi2AShKw",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"CwWBMhEi2AShKw"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement: from Congo to the Tana River\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTheir history of migration dates back to the spread of the Bantu people from Congo, where the Tharaka remained near the river and the rest settled in the Meru County.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE1faDI5eFA5T1VHMHctOFRjTS1PbWRMaUt4VUVEWTFhOVRvcDlH",166.76220601288514,6.6194524140727395,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipM_h29xP9OUG0w-8TcM-OmdLiKxUEDY1a9Top9G\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-6.6194525-ya-54.237793-fo90.02576",null,90.02576055235268,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE1faDI5eFA5T1VHMHctOFRjTS1PbWRMaUt4VUVEWTFhOVRvcDlH\u0026sv_f\u003d90.02576055235268\u0026sv_h\u003d166.76220601288514\u0026sv_p\u003d6.6194524140727395",null,221,[10,"AF1QipM_h29xP9OUG0w-8TcM-OmdLiKxUEDY1a9Top9G"],"SvInfo:2225356b-7678-4718-8ab3-9c949e8b2aae"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SZKal0asEXtEwOk4OJfHuuYzXBYbz4R-PquEGbTaYdhxaOD0o7kWmceoVOxP8t8GhxvjxD1-o",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExperience the Tharaka culture at Meru National Park\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eToday you can experience the Tharaka culture at the annual Ura-Gate Tharaka Cultural Festival. You can also visit Nairobi National Museum or Meru Museum for more information about their history.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QxPLMeMplmQrbwsz7ZWBPxxpvdDEQc8oh-qeBJu_kpcFYhy1vnXbCkTdJB2E6PouGJXWzqxu8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe power of Kibuka\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to legend, Kibuka was the Tharaka’s spiritual leader – a medicine man, diviner and rain maker. He provided the Tharaka warriors with charms in wars to protect them from enemies during combat. His eldest son led the Tharaka battalions in every war. In several instances the son was killed, but was resurrected by the power of charms marked on his abdomen by his father.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QJEWv6KqlRCR9VDT7WfhC1h5RXTjUvHERA7malZF3HAZ1IXn3ZN5jZH7B_qY_MyCqFled0gA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe magic horn and Kibuka\u0026#39;s shrine\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOne time, a Tharaka traitor revealed to the enemy the power of the charm on the son’s abdomen. When the enemy killed him, they gouged out the charm from the abdomen, killing him completely. The charm was a magic horn (rugoci). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe murder of his son enraged Kibuka so greatly that he cursed the Tharaka and left his residence, a shrine. The shrine is said to be near Kibuka Primary School in Tunyai, Tharaka County.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QCrPgYtt0iGpHW6kDYhp-ywgp3CiU3hA8SerEmmRrmieqerS_OKZ0RgRVKedV5MBhJvhEjuz4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe council of elders\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe council of elders (kiama) was the judicial authority of the community. They were responsible for ensuring law and order, decision-making, religion, and administration.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TXpuM9I3bmF6W9tAV9UCQeWxJ2lwzGs47LYRsgjpv50QAgF5X70qHviuehFRlDs_xUwKc2",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWitchcraft\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Tharaka also believed in the power of the witch doctor. They were considered elite and believed to possess knowledge of medicines and spiritual matters. People would come to them to foretell the future, and for healing. They also had the power to cause misfortune to others, which only another witch could cure. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe primary apparatus of the witch doctors consisted of a series of gourds/calabashes, roots, barks and leaves, cow horns, charm ornaments, totems of snail and sea shells and, the most common, the fly whisk.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S5QX_AXjvNJZPvRFAEV6-b5At0Gn1Cg_zBN8rP4KOR7IJmEMRLDqGK_lNWlqTxXyXnPiZhzAY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCircumcision: the pathway to marriage and adulthood\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAmong the Tharaka, circumcision was an important event in every young person\u0026#39;s life. Boys and girls were circumcised at the onset of puberty. They were circumcised and categorized according to seasons. Boys circumcised in the same season were considered “muntu wa nthuke yeetu” (a fellow initiate of the same season).\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RT2RvA8IKK4DZwItgJSRynctH2R1EkESsUDwmpLcuHqREB-Z1Mo7rQDtKzed0Z3oEvK5fdQho",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFrom boy to warrior\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis shield was used during the circumcision ceremony. After the boys had been circumcised, they would be deemed ready for war and marriage.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QyBcVakaynz8yw4qNmc20yxNtFYYQhF6kNsCIdm9YndJNhB8RFy5dDMR-YbOniPOTwm0drHmE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarriage and courtship\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMarriage was an important and long ceremonious process for the Tharaka. A young man who wished to marry informed his parents, who would then take honey beer (uki bwa kuromba mwariki) to the girl’s parents to express their interest. If the girl’s parents accepted the beer, then the courtship and engagement process began. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally, a bride was required to be a virgin and stay in the mother-in-law\u0026#39;s hut for at least four months of the engagement period before moving in with the groom. The purpose of this was to find out if the girl was of sound moral standing by observing her.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RCIbzw8q2kLWhyZ5enN1pZEAF7KrDTdKYR65s_qd4DWmaI3KLOoU8mjvzKjxcgwgitX0TKQQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe price of the bride\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally the Tharaka were polygamous. The bride price constituted five cattle or sixty goats for the first wife; three cattle or thirty goats for the second wife. After the bride price has been calculated and paid to the bride’s father, the marriage was celebrated with a feast at the husband’s home.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe bride would wear a triangular leather apron embroidered with cowrie shells and suspended from the neck, reaching the waist, during her wedding ceremony.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SvZWecv4piNLu-oPczvIi-JmdhvOutf2Fj9Kbqv-V7sebppxvvXVBgmy1RwjOHtbNiFSgdBXPq",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNthuku worn by married women\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eNthuku\u003c/i\u003e were armlets worn above the elbow by married women who have delivered their first born. A special man (\u0026#39;\u003ci\u003emutungi\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39;) would wind this around a woman\u0026#39;s arm.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q9TtWAnyCZCOUBpgEQPZHXuEZHmel3-KfyTkSLjj07cDWQQw8NjjBhENYIizLwk35SYFaT",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCattle keeping\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eGonia\u003c/i\u003e is a cowbell made by a local blacksmith. It was tied around a cow\u0026#39;s neck when the herders go to graze. The sound it produced helped the Tharaka herders to track the location of the cattle when they went astray.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TleDyDwKkd3YsTRzJea2R0FGKfLJoUxiLQthzyxfOCzgsRJMP9C_LbxJI7WCHimSFji4w2Cl26",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMurigi\u003c/i\u003e is a rake used in the fields. It was made from wood of the \u003ci\u003euthigira\u003c/i\u003e tree. The fork end was used to toss away brushwood while the hook on its end was used for pulling.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RJk-qiBGyU2V9joK6BRJg_1N8P_UeBOhVpnsBa9kq42E-ZFvJBtimLIJp4zWRcRKDtoVHigEU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBee keeping\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003ePogoro\u003c/i\u003e is a stick cut and used by men for hanging bee hives up on trees.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tz_0tZCeakf92CLweavXX6OHbF_Dl8fwbyoOmbyzfyAa7TxmsbkgSaDRmG42XWQ_8bOOVkJo74",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eMukanda wa baagu umuraya uta kujika\u003c/i\u003e (Your father has a long unfoldable rope).\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_STBacVAczU4rosyyogMJPXmLDDM6_9yIK-PqN_7qN_ZILQopaAn0pqOd5-MSCWlPvLTVU-rQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e Answer:\u003c/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eNi njira\u003c/i\u003e (It\u0026#39;s a pathway).\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Kuria Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QfqoRVm2BVCYAihbht_cFoJvbxaam4g1HirZ4RAjGWnlDwkxSFXJxBmPbJSouibnmLiwYC","/story/nAWhmVwhw1XDIg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"nAWhmVwhw1XDIg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement of the Kuria\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kuria do not have a common historical background. Their traditions indicate that they are related with the Abalogoli of the Abaluyia and the Kisii communities, who trace their dispersal point to Mount Elgon region.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFnJQZ0dKVHpFZzJydE5PR29OQW9hSGc\u003d",268.60141084048723,-13.213968526449335,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003drPgGJTzEg2rtNOGoNAoaHg\u0026heading\u003d-91.39858915951277\u0026pitch\u003d-13.213968526449335\u0026fov\u003d90.0\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003d2xnASCf-jxa1EXGmqkowqx1aMfg",null,90,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFnJQZ0dKVHpFZzJydE5PR29OQW9hSGc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d90.0\u0026sv_h\u003d268.60141084048723\u0026sv_p\u003d-13.213968526449335",null,null,[2,"rPgGJTzEg2rtNOGoNAoaHg"],"SvInfo:3343dde4-0a47-41fd-897e-cbb36e8396da"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qdg0Zfcb1j3UPYkCPlmavBjaTssDjXlkU2dPJ36HjpES5zvGFpew0t14eKYfpyVXsHiC6I4Ro",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCultivating the farm\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a wooden hoe. It was made from wood of the \u003ci\u003eomobagai\u003c/i\u003e tree and used for cultivating the farm.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QuFIAarcqV9tHWe8uXgS47sz7OlAMSLzQVWKPB60J4OBJVYq1F_t7KhbXNV_l0BJRDQpa9vg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHarvesting farm produce\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis \u003ci\u003eEgekebe\u003c/i\u003e (harvesting knife) was made by a blacksmith from scrap iron. It was used by both men and women for reaping millet and other grains, and for peeling cassava.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TooYwoI0Ee5HFHhqxZFEL3H7bXIs607gB20ipCZFH4Ai4jATRlldcd7Tbizip8lxKt6Zpc2AXR",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe roles of Kuria men\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMen were the primary decision makers, and were responsible for providing for and protecting the community. They built houses and cattle enclosures, herded cattle, cleared land for agriculture, hunted, farmed, and instructed the young warriors on defending the community.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis knobkerrie \u003ci\u003e(irungu)\u003c/i\u003e was made by men using wood from the \u003ci\u003eomotaburo\u003c/i\u003e tree. It was used as a weapon and for killing small animals.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S0VCqtRqTZ82zaF2pjSMMg2OCblAO1ReKFN5FCWjM9lmzZOoPiR_pwCpA2SbQT2q9r8mol",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInyonga\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a water pot made by old women specialists. It would be placed on three stones to keep water cool.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kuria women moulded pots, plates and dishes used for storing grains, drinking water, milk, porridge, cooking, carrying water from the river and for brewing local beer. The women also cared for the family in all instances, farmed and made tools or equipment for the household.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rjc5O_vvuFqwWdmSLYi6rpXNf876MsaP63PGORLe3bjuihA34Og2-NEw0wk9zBA2L6D3AbUg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIhuri\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis beater was made by male specialists from the wood of the \u003ci\u003eUmuhuru\u003c/i\u003e tree. It was cut with an adze and finished off with a knife. It was used by women to beat the grain when removing it from the stalk.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RmWZ0Qkx7nV2bBefqWIJ1KhRTLPjL_pZOMzYkONfURHFYsIfA7sUiRuFnqtaSdTxbXkWFIdxs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRuhongo\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a winnowing tray. It was made by male weavers and used by women for winnowing millet \u003ci\u003e(wimbi)\u003c/i\u003e. The twigs were usually obtained from the forests, kept outside for a day, and then weaved by specialists. Women then plastered the inside with cow dung so \u003ci\u003ewimbi\u003c/i\u003e flour would not stick in between strands.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R7Ju0RciQFqYbpJ0DsBwqV73GqdCKXXzY2qh_b1oXTFsC3oVAg_8LjT_MC4Z9UJsOiRy0yZw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDancing mask\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis mask would be made of cow skin. It was used by men for the \u003ci\u003eIsubo\u003c/i\u003e dance to admit old men into elderhood. It is stuck with red lucky beans and feathers for eyebrows and has a feather surround.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RqyWd000Ykwvjeo__rX84Lryz7JOijl75iy1xcM2UiHIWuoQGg5UDVKbh9hUKjLQcp9Yl_wQg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe saro ritual\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAmongst the Kuria, graduation from childhood to adulthood was traditionally known as \u0026#39;saro\u0026#39; and initiates got to join an age set (esaro).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis ritual was marked with circumcision for both boys and girls. When a girl was married, her age set group was changed to that of her husband, as no one was allowed to marry from the same age-set.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a painting of a Kuria circumcised boy wearing an elaborate skirt, which indicates that he had recently undergone circumcision and was in seclusion.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Kenya today, female circumcision is illegal and communities are encouraged to adopt alternative initiation practices that do not involve female genital mutilation (FGM).\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SS2k_nlCW66KXDdVHgzNysgv3z05kI6eE2IPv4zE9R64h4uGY94r7dCbT3at_qWJuQq7UxgpHJ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarriage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally, when a Kuria young man found a suitable girl to marry, he was expected to pay twenty to twenty five cows as bride wealth to the bride\u0026#39;s family. If he was unable to afford this, his family members would contribute one cow each to make up the total number. A man was accorded respect depending on the number of wives he had. A traditional Kuria wedding ceremony was characterized by a great feast, songs, dance and merry-making.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMandara\u003c/i\u003e was a headband made and worn by married and unmarried women for dancing. The beads are threaded on sisal fiber.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TDfz_MkulxEYU2Okv47xOaklKM5zEK1xKKILBuJgAateyzyELNdQAUi8qtKwEni2TpUYOkbIhj",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarriage between women\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kuria had a quasi-matriarchal system, which allowed barren women of means to marry younger women in order to have children.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe older woman would invite a younger woman into her home, who would choose (often in secret) a male partner to biologically father her children. The children were brought up by the two women without the involvement of the father or the older woman\u0026#39;s husband. The older woman could be a widow or single women who lived like a male elder – attending to light business affairs. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a wooden milking bowl made of \u003ci\u003eumuhuru\u003c/i\u003e wood, and used by women and children.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sb5pg27Zle8XaOoAzChqdPXSO6x1hGta0B_yG5QliALuezh9y4W56NtVGSpN5WebaptUsECcU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Isubo ceremony\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis dancing platform is made of wood cut from the \u003ci\u003emutembe\u003c/i\u003e tree and curved using an adze and knife. It was used by young men during a grand traditional dance called \u003ci\u003eIsubo\u003c/i\u003e. The platforms were attached to the feet by cow hide thongs. This fastened them firmly to the feet so the wearer could stamp and jump freely in the heat of the dance. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eIsubo\u003c/i\u003e was an important ceremony for initiating old men to ritual elders. During the ceremony, all the young men within the community brought beer, cows, goats or sheep. It cost a great deal as fifty cows would be slaughtered for the feast.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R1K0hkVCcHkj70sApbiOs06tTp4WaWr3Y6SQGVK6eNQZXxK7zh_DkXok_S77FXHdBcvD5vhg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn ostrich shell used to cover the navel\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHalf an \u003ci\u003eIriseresegwe\u003c/i\u003e (ostrich shell) made by fathers for their circumcised daughters. Inside are seeds and beeswax. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis was used by circumcised girls only to cover their navels at dances. The navel was never to be seen by outsiders as it was considered very bad luck for the girl.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Pokomo Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TtUfWQXanYHp95ztERieRbzY5XVS57u9lfMObCT8brtPjgnazuXYhWm6JZHkx-m2f1E293R74","/story/CAXBQ3O8jTQMKQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"CAXBQ3O8jTQMKQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q9eQFFqx7x_6baZRhC1zkM0ZV8PQKoCGZzVH2_7bAnxTgmSy8mR-TufFIIi4k9LsQxgZK_lFg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Pokomo migrated from Shungwaya in southern Somalia (Jubaland) and occupied the Tana River valley stretching from the Tana Delta to north-eastern Kenya. The Tana River therefore is an important source of the Pokomo livelihood.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SF6Bmb9LMj-ic5T1KmhHtwbPlCZUPr3WkS0xhnf1RCtprpyZoN5-TtY8DfgGtviFHPh2fp4A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMusical instruments\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWood and string are the main materials used to make this musical instrument, \u0026#39;Gita\u0026#39;. The wood is cut with a panga and shaped using an adze and a knife. The string is made from manila, bought from shops in Hola. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt is played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb or fingernails of the right or left hand.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QaJPJLpM6azLXwLoib4apGaNfmqgyuamsDmE7zHpEUZZQ1lykJwwHSr6KsI1gPmvq21xa_",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDrums played by bachelors\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a drum (\u003ci\u003eMaribe\u003c/i\u003e), made of wood from the \u003ci\u003eMakuyu\u003c/i\u003e tree. It is used for young people dancing, and is only played by bachelors.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TKYOoT-znJul_W6ib_xPfJdoYVKU97fJXieLM6_jkOzyE5_B3vfGgyNvu1VLeuVcnfC-29WvM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFish trap\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a cone shaped Pokomo fish trap made using straight branches of the \u003ci\u003epongoyo\u003c/i\u003e tree. The branches were cut and arranged inwards, leaving an opening for fish to enter. The Pokomo men used such traps for fishing in the River Tana.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qo03usqigqemRPZGvEBpgWGSUSF7N_iiQtPEbs5g-JkXlxBMBMJ2VoiWyc41cA40at3LCChg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese hoes (\u003ci\u003egembe\u003c/i\u003e) were made from scrap iron. The metal was heated and beaten on an anvil with a hammer. The metal was then fitted with a stick, cut from wood of the mpini tree, attached together using palm fruit (\u003ci\u003enkongo\u003c/i\u003e) pods. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMen and women used such hoes for cultivating shambas and planting crops.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SBHI4ecadsuIUrKW3wHzuvLlbF6nKciJMB1R5vcmlK_lMrJ9JcTXJy7rhMC9KZIv841rbNWA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLeadership\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAuthority was based on territorial allegiance, and lineage elders were given prominence. Village elders (\u003ci\u003ewazee\u003c/i\u003e) preside over the council of elders (\u003ci\u003emoro\u003c/i\u003e). It was considered a taboo for women, young men and children to enter the council house (\u003ci\u003emoro\u003c/i\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QTBVqAkMJ1mWKINGjR1tcJfA2clzJF70iM6dwXVBIQ-Nylc1JWYI8PTUPNqVx8H8AMeiQd6f8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eJustice system\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kijo, another Council of Elders had power to excommunicate, imprison and execute those who are found guilty of serious offenses in the community. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Gasa heads the judicial arm of the Kijo. They give political guidance and dispense justice on land and family matters.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TQ4Bq2dTZrSGxSQG_KE3NQGjTaA_32uNNlzYAlJO_z4Sc-eZeGrUpRBJ9SfrPV59o48_dpVA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMen provided protection to the community\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis spear \u003ci\u003efumo\u003c/i\u003e was made from scrap iron fitted to a wooden handle by a blacksmith. It was used by men during war and when hunting.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QxdNGCj_dsLuVuWOriteWQkrZDZdE6qVgDdWkzDZxQ7v68ilEawSQ5QQJYDtc7rCTSQvFR9Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCraftsmanship\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWomen made pots to cook Pokomo\u0026#39;s delicious foods. This pot (\u003ci\u003enyungu\u003c/i\u003e) was made by an old woman for cooking and to store food. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Tana River has long been the source of fish supply to the Pokomo, who traditionally eat catfish (\u003ci\u003emtonzi\u003c/i\u003e), tilapia (\u003ci\u003entuku\u003c/i\u003e), trout (\u003ci\u003eningu\u003c/i\u003e), eel (\u003ci\u003emamba\u003c/i\u003e) and crocodile (\u003ci\u003engwena\u003c/i\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QKZdD86WEA3X36C7RjMMIP0SFcy9xd08wa_f3rFlvE-38Eu0BJSO1d4p2AQ_3mfAlU7equo5s",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStrainer\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePokomo women made strainers (\u003ci\u003ekhapu\u003c/i\u003e) using palm leaves, which were used to squeeze out coconut milk. The milk was used to make an assortment of foods such as rice, \u003ci\u003echapati\u003c/i\u003e, fish, chicken and many more delicacies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S3uNnoCgLvakDy8-YpTKb0KAheuyRczjVh4cKbYoJLFQe2LAAsr-VEQWuXACgb-C8F2IJBRw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMat\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis soft mat (\u003ci\u003emsali\u003c/i\u003e) was made by women from dyed doum palm leaves. It was woven and used for sleeping on.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SjnMKuF3WWKxhxtUEFtTUJhbhNecJH6U07-xgHJ8cFUIsOS7i6K81hcIc-jOkg2WUqusbE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSkirt\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis skirt is made of grass from mkomo(down palm) fronds cut using a knife. It is worn by boys after circumcision and during a dance ceremony called mwaribe.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SnfcrOK3n11v4V1tcRrb5aKjpiE9cUYo1I4OHGwm06MfZ-CSXOblDzRPmj4_AtIr2Ok6LYsJY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis bottle contains blue powder made by an old \u0026#39;magician\u0026#39;. Gum from the \u003ci\u003emuvunja hukumu\u003c/i\u003e tree was burnt and ground into powder ready for sale on request. This was believed to bring luck, enabling one to acquire a higher position at work.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TUvDFtL1PPSuWW2MgYZ3nTvjz3L_HbL3CaHPSrAVW9eZVbXu5feTu38UC6V8CEOKpl_mPMfQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eTraditionally, the Pokomo used herbs to treat different kinds of diseases. These herbs were believed to treat any type of ache, pain and sores among other type of illness.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SmwVWCTH-UgVW_1YgXDNXh3v3Q-hrz7_LmcAkJogZwhm00L6HCaARip5UNL6Vj6h5bSoHtxWE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHealing through bleeding\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMade by men, a \u003ci\u003ekoba\u003c/i\u003e was the small tip of a cowhorn, cut and stopped up with beeswax (\u003ci\u003eNaoma\u003c/i\u003e). It was used as a bleeding horn, and placed on an aching body part to relieve pain by drawing blood from it. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA cut would be made by a friend or a relative and the horn pressed there, then the wax would be removed and the air sucked out before the wax was replaced. The horn would now be stuck to the body part, and the blood was then drawn out. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt would be left on the ill body part for about ten minutes until it had filled with blood. The horn was then removed and the drawn blood poured on the ground.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Mbeere Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QgpZi90V_PIx9Dmf8_NlzRnrdK8wHiB6VfdEo0TTzWWonkTyYfcvtMy8qUp2hyUnnWH_LY","/story/UgXRfFy-HbgRJA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"UgXRfFy-HbgRJA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration: making Igamba ng\u0026#39;ombe home\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt is said that the Mbeere and Embu communities migrated from a place called Mariguuri (land of bananas), and separated at the river Thuci. The Mbeere settled at Igamba ng\u0026#39;ombe and the Embu moved up the slopes of Mount Kenya to live in rock-caves.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE1FSWtHLWN4WF9mNkU1andnVVlLQmNsUEVYWWR4V21qUEIzWnQ4",326.3324935015045,-2.417232793836064,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMEIkG-cxX_f6E5jwgUYKBclPEXYdxWmjPB3Zt8\u003dw1200-h1000-pi2.4172328-ya-102.6675-fo100.51781",null,100.51780581002656,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE1FSWtHLWN4WF9mNkU1andnVVlLQmNsUEVYWWR4V21qUEIzWnQ4\u0026sv_f\u003d100.51780581002656\u0026sv_h\u003d326.3324935015045\u0026sv_p\u003d-2.417232793836064",null,69,[10,"AF1QipMEIkG-cxX_f6E5jwgUYKBclPEXYdxWmjPB3Zt8"],"SvInfo:014b89dd-c9fb-4733-ac1c-118dac5e3eb2"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qpq8C7iS8JZdIzShzhziExHv35bLAtwxLgHTU_TD80zOPNvmaeDIpmAar2SCj0ABz8yQEqUQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNgai at the top of Mount Kenya\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mbeere believed that God (Ngai) lived on Mount Kenya, and that He created man and earth. The Mbeere offered sacrifices to secure his blessing for rain and livestock.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S5Y5CziuGGj7Sd_xw3KMVRhhJkW-X1-IcqEcoyOUmvQ7LJGovbQsURT5aFA0J4uofui9NpsKs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSecond largest producers of miraa\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eToday the Mbeere grow crops such as mangoes, melons, pawpaw, passion fruits, maize, beans, cowpeas, pigeon peas, black peas (njavi), millet, sorghum, etc. They are the second largest producers of miraa, a cash crop also grown by the Ameru.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rm79wYzK6vIUzblzmd06Z70Eikhw1i6JVzZz9K-GoxNopwQs8Q3YFulek1VOjHfLw4bAg5",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCiondo and mikanda\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOther traditional economic activities included basket (ciondo) and rope (mikanda) making, and rearing animals such as cows and goats.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QQ31b_0TQTtmMHj9xJo3gKtJPV4WJWHC4lYpmKYozoWR-yoNMCpJlpZWXBnkCF-JVqcFRuVBs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeaving baskets for trade\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMugaa tree fiber was used for weaving baskets (ciondos). The thread was cut, boiled in a pot, dried in the sun, rolled into strings and weaved into baskets.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SWoCRr6OTLYlUmWzi-JH8ZuOKl5oF2htvBRjw2rrB9idfwzxS7-lWGf-dW7S8HaVt60UXIR-U",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCouncil of elders\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe council of elders were responsible for ensuring law and order, decision-making, ritual oath taking, religion, and administration. Warriors of each territorial area had their council of elders (Kiama) for the different territorial unit.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RJOu_2RR5MImXwuwRFYFPXtpAtEjJuyigPTnkLy_eNXkjZJSSH3awOaILUXlCLbjAv2YJm0hY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInitiation and marriage rites\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mbeere circumcised both boys and girls at puberty. This act was an important rite which marked a transition from childhood to adulthood, characterized by a ceremony and celebration. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBeyond childhood, boys and girls had to acquire status through merit of bravery, endurance, and self-control by enduring the pain associated with the cut (circumcision). After initiation, girls were considered women ready for marriage, and boys considered men ready to become warriors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Kenya today, female circumcision is illegal and communities are encouraged to adopt alternative initiation practices.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R_5p1nafKfCxHvJJT4pMxomGrFN5KbDK_FxrMF3RyQLzosKNilNO8yD3YvwLH_G7R9yrKwVIs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTraditional circumcision knives\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMale and female circumcisers used these circumcision knives. One knife has five loops indicating that the children were brothers and sisters. The knife with four circles was for the girl, as she would have been secluded for four days after the operation; the knife with five circles was for the boy, who would have been secluded for five days. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA four looped knife was used to circumcise the eldest daughter. Six looped knives were used on the second daughter, and seven looped knives for each succeeding daughter. These last knives were considered lucky, and it was believed that a girl circumcised by one would have seven children, including one or two boys.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYwxIH8mJZn2ijTNhU9EIV0cUVzTLWAbA7ocfCzA8965FtAAXPoIo654ng12z3qHi8n16OFw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBecoming a warrior\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBecoming a warrior also required several stages of endurance. Depicted here is a Mbeere warrior wearing ceremonial attire. He wears ostrich feather headgear to indicate his status, and his body is painted with white ochre.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RodIEYcyVITGvQYNIRoNesq8oDyHEYkBMhKJgr2i0mW5sSvqQllXsrGZzu_MzpaFQJ5qfUwtzG",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReady for marriage\u003c/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMen had to be warriors and complete military training before considering marriage. Marriage was considered a highly respected institution that marked the union of man and woman. Traditionally bride-wealth was negotiated and paid in the form of livestock.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RyKj4U84RZBdi-PQdSVL7xgx-A6XW6fLK-LN_Xm8UrUd_CUibQbN7sOIR-ITG0ySNyoiaj",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA snake above the door\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA python snake was placed above the door of a medicine man\u0026#39;s house, indicating his status as someone powerful and dangerous. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe primary apparatus of the medicine men consisted of a series of gourds, animal horns and charms.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q26aDRmDhvtxk3KAxoPEqSTZuSp51npRMTu1cO5Zif_MAcfJrf_yPnk-90u6rlyLP15r7J",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTraditional medicine\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe medicine man would use trees (roots, leaves, barks, stem or fruits), herbs, animal products (fur or animal fat) and geological materials (soils and rocks). The herbs were normally boiled, sap extracted, burnt into ash, ground into powder, or chewed in its raw form.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tml74ZMmAlNH6cnLAOurOd8gU8FdrqNZHDM4Av17UdY7KxpiBcBKU8uiCyK3voDeBnxMXT5_k",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA medicine woman\u0026#39;s gourd\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis decorated gourd contains white powder (Ira) that was used in the past to cure illnesses. The gourd was cut from a plant and the stopper made from a twig by the medicine woman.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QQD4HQZxfFjWKO4Dm-EHgp_CuCA2YZNvQMIM5bJJM2rxqBdj5k0gCXvSIlXV4p5f3tUz9ExEdi",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Mbeere drum to find love\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis long and narrow cylindrical drum was made of wood cut from Mukaau (Melia Volkensii Guire) tree using an axe. The top is covered with goat skin. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe drum was used by young unmarried men when dancing the traditional \u003ci\u003eMwinziro\u003c/i\u003e dance. Apart from entertainment, the dance was also meant to show off a man\u0026#39;s ability to play the drum to attract girls. When married, the drum was passed to other unmarried men in pursuit of love.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R7aVE9gWN3ckhsEke9m4lcrDrw_Ae6SUHp_36O-aWjaHv0zoupYY7CxyULtAplmG52bGOAZqTT",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTraditional attire for dancing\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA young Mbeere man in dancing attire complete with bows and arrows.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Isukha Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QNe6tztzmMx2uaxdi7Rhq0dRHfUmKAvySfA-QFO4cGZSUgYLodlISmrMn_e1a448SUpC5-fw","/story/jQXxryGzsRkRKw",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"jQXxryGzsRkRKw"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eToday the Isukha inhabit parts of the Kakamega Forest.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcFBXZGR0WWNhbXk0dDhoMko2Q252d0s0VHRqd3RzVGlWN0FlQVVE",85.12707956906499,6.2897573018245225,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipPWddtYcamy4t8h2J6CnvwK4TtjwtsTiV7AeAUD\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-6.2897573-ya-173.87292-fo100.93669",null,100.93669319046882,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcFBXZGR0WWNhbXk0dDhoMko2Q252d0s0VHRqd3RzVGlWN0FlQVVE\u0026sv_f\u003d100.93669319046882\u0026sv_h\u003d85.12707956906499\u0026sv_p\u003d6.2897573018245225",null,259,[10,"AF1QipPWddtYcamy4t8h2J6CnvwK4TtjwtsTiV7AeAUD"],"SvInfo:6278b673-a291-4ebe-a7dc-fa5df9531490"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QAoe9a6lhoYU2072Zdrg8RKuky-LZ0u21UNOVY6Vm37wLAgNymmai_-uxrCu9kOU8acYhDIbR_",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese \u003ci\u003eikhoni\u003c/i\u003e sickles were used by women for reaping ears of millet. A blacksmith made them by heating iron in fire and then hammering it into shape. The handle is made from wood of the \u003ci\u003emusutso\u003c/i\u003e tree.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R5zccKB_RuIYva1laOlrQanZjjdbjt16C4m4oTb3tSCViEoakn_0r1UnSG2F3aQvuFSrlYHw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKeeping cattle\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis rope (\u003ci\u003emukhoye\u003c/i\u003e) was made, by men, from \u003ci\u003elikhrambi\u003c/i\u003e - a type of grass. It was used to tether cattle.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S-DScYXtaX-NUxs5N7atTD2TpQx6rtgPSRVtlS23QkScx5mEpA3Jw1kKcAO1Z6dBXQVUS4HQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHunting\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese arrows were made from wood of the \u003ci\u003emukonga\u003c/i\u003e tree. They were used for hunting, defence and fighting.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SIafBkpBqc4ChEG8QxDziJjLIBNGE6hcXsoVp4lWSWcM7WxGG6QVxLHccE619wN8KoNJejWvI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBoth men and women played a significant role in farming. Men cleared virgin land and helped women plant crops while women weeded. The hoe (\u003ci\u003eimoko\u003c/i\u003e) was made of a wooden haft cut from wood of the \u003ci\u003eshisasaki\u003c/i\u003e tree and fitted with an iron blade, which was locally obtained from a blacksmith. It was used for cultivating.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QU9DK8aTafO6i9ZQ6POUs4haAbmjHtnk5xyBKsajUzuLw3giQXAgBpNgU_77YuUKmKBPQO4eQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e Food preparation \u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMortar and pestle were essential household items. They were used for pounding grains to remove husks. The mortar was made using wood cut from the \u003ci\u003emukomari\u003c/i\u003e tree, and the pestle from the \u003ci\u003emukhandi\u003c/i\u003e tree.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SfyuUUcgpRl1sBmj_w_nzlkzXknxmhdp2J6mwCMPx2_rONGJOQ5PqqZiHseYZ07Ii48hGNtlc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTransition from childhood to adulthood\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Isukha circumcised both boys and girls at puberty, and circumcision of boys is still an important cultural practice. Female circumcision is today outlawed in Kenya.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA day before circumcision, the initiates were taken to the river early in the morning, to be shaved and bathed. Song and dance accompanied the ceremonies, to encourage the initiates to stay strong and brave.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TMUc-_WkmPAQqUK_WhoneY6UluZ05xRcduc3dh_c8x3g3xaGXUGqlTXFnk3MMME95kD8iP_fs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e Seclusion period\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAfter circumcision, the initiates were secluded for healing and training on community matters. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis grass-hood is a circumcision mask that would have been worn by initiates while in seclusion.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tj94RWMiInbjAWKeTAUXCmxkBimgcUGfF1dL7xWMxAnf1FhKleHpG10WHr5Gg3r_VeCZTjk1w",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarriage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMarriage is an important and highly respected institution for the Isukha. It raises one’s status in the society. and anyone who fails to marry is looked down upon. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the past the Isukha were polygamous, and men were accorded respect depending on the number of wives they had. The bride wealth was paid in the form of cattle, sheep, or goats.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q7E7M2DOpL1NLNH47yA_lPPKgtTX8dSbQwEbau-V173wZ9lDplaPQaXd50loXeef-MpUEWzkBs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eShiriri\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis one-stringed instrument (fiddle) is made of wood from the \u003ci\u003emukorani\u003c/i\u003e tree. The resonator is covered with cowhide. It was made and played by men to accompany singing.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TwHMO7EukDtTo0kiG737hAJmbFCoBHdQlSsx-4-7ixu-VO80i6pJh8G1NTziIVUxr_ixpoGOLo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRusashe\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a straw made from bamboo and used by both men and women to drink busaa (local beer). Busaa is drunk from a communal pot during circumcision, marriage, dowry payment, and funerals, among other occasions. It is prepared from maize meal and finger millet fermented over a period of two weeks.\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"Celebrating Kenya's rich heritage","The Isukha community"]],["stella.common.cobject","The Digo Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SMql0QF0XyXxMTdn7ueXFvM1tiVhA6s1Q9_F2h7Cu_K5t9wpk_DxZOk6QbI28k9qbZnD-CZkQ","/story/OQWxyu0nfiQxIg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"OQWxyu0nfiQxIg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Digo were the first to confront the Oromo invasion in Southern Somalia. They were forced to flee down the coast until they reached Shimba Hills, south west of Mombasa County where they built Kaya Kwale. Later some of them left Kaya Kwale and built Kaya Kinondo along the coast north of Gazi. Today, the \u0026#39;Makaya\u0026#39; are conserved by the elders and promoted for cultural tourism.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE40cEVINlFqbDRBVVV3NnY2UzZmQnB0UlFlU2pDaEhiWHVvXzcy",0,0,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipN4pEH6Qjl4AUUw6v6S6fBptRQeSjChHbXuo_72\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-0.0-ya0.0-fo90.0",null,90.00000000000001,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE40cEVINlFqbDRBVVV3NnY2UzZmQnB0UlFlU2pDaEhiWHVvXzcy\u0026sv_f\u003d90.00000000000001\u0026sv_h\u003d0.0\u0026sv_p\u003d0.0",null,0,[10,"AF1QipN4pEH6Qjl4AUUw6v6S6fBptRQeSjChHbXuo_72"],"SvInfo:73577235-c050-43c7-9bcf-7a2d312393f8"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QCzofj5SkM-O5KrnGmDiPQVpBY2hidPfFwsTOZ1Dz2nU9Sm8kIczudmu0EINk2pBhHShiwoIQM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReligion\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Digo historically believed in God (Mulungu) and ancestral spirits, to whom they regularly offered sacrifices and prayed for help. Digo witch doctors were consulted on health and spiritual matters. Today the majority of the Digo are Muslims.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qml8Cb73oAgMJuxHKjK8zYG9YTXg6TJp5EfpmoqY5HslYIdKraAhBKrJcdPxhbTdGUKYDGRCUl",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSelling fruits\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis basket was made by men using palm fronds. It was used for carrying fruits to the market.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q8oW-yWFOOGJ-l0wL5S27jlzKM6xncAYyAP6tIlYqfI_ssJ0rMz8LSf7ZjWU8mWA-1cgnLYU6i",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis digging hoe was used by women for cultivation. The hoe handle is made from tomoko wood. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eToday the Digo grow millet, cassava, coconut and rice. Their area often floods and is very fertile, making it ideal for rice farming – hence rice is their staple food.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sds4580eDxrDk1clAnhLBNaW3r9CLrZRJCDFNAyJrLJipdSdmzvNGnbMbGtvXCOmLFLMjM5mTg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFishing\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a part of a fishing trap made by a male \u003ci\u003efundi\u003c/i\u003e (artisan). It was made by cutting \u003ci\u003eMusumali\u003c/i\u003e wood into small strips, with a panga and a knife, and weaving them together.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QEko1Oz5dlwz6vmBlMK-HtKjn9fn-Lo2pht3JjUEOUb4MOBZculINZ2pClBWXD4s41-tB6tqI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is a fish line. It was treated by rubbing raw wood of the \u003ci\u003echikwamba\u003c/i\u003e tree on it, to make it last longer.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SkrrJElLm-fSgQyBpAtNDyjyy5jCJLwRCqbXN3T55ODxcLxRvmIJ_7lkiE_0pUZiaNvZMfow",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePolitical structure\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally members of a senior age-set underwent an induction ceremony, where they were instructed on how to conduct rituals and customs. They then became a council of elders known as ’kambi’, and selected one of their wise and well-respected members to be their chairman. He was assisted by the members of the council and they would deliberate on matters brought before them, like cases of land dispute or witchcraft, and also mete out punishment such as fines, banishment and death. The council also officiated ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qt-5cXQo9AhKna0spogPpcAKU5gTaCWCidjTBOFunbVussILLG9XSQbHiqjDXXmmzz2f64saY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaking traditional huts\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is thatch made from coconut palm. The leaves were removed from the main leaf midrib, and the midrib was then used as the top of the thatching. Each small leaf was bent over the midrib, and the whole lot connected by over-stitching. It was made by the Digo women, while the men traditionally did the thatching. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe best and most watertight roofing is spaced with a 4 inch overlay between the midribs. The shape of each hut clearly indicates to the villagers who lives in it. The huts of elders are round, while those of other people are rectangular.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sp8WujYteqT538wTkJIl3cPYKjjqEOTIIhfnQ8BHYKpJxQYjBhAVMWhM1gzLwjpAhCoLdMKA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eObjects for daily use\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a ladle made of coconut shell, with a handle made from the wood of the \u003ci\u003emburi lakuni\u003c/i\u003e tree. It was made by men and used by women to ladle out food into individual dishes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally the men collected various parts of the doum palm tree, which were useful for making items such as ropes, brooms, baskets, roofing and stools. They also did woodwork, fishing and trade.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RuTDKKS29Gvc_N5btI09xovjYZEwSAuvqd-31cD-0FbrozKBVdFfUD0hgLFj7s3gWj5aEH8g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe women potters\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis pot was kept for specific purposes like cooking fish, vegetables, and cakes made of rice flour and coconut milk. It was made by women potters, of whom they were only two or three per location. The women collected clay some miles away from a river in the Shimba Hills and modeled it into various shapes and sizes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe pot was not placed on a mat, sherd or anything while in the process of manufacture. It was simply modeled and placed straight on the sand outside the hut. As the pot grew, it was turned round and round on the dry sand until an inverted cone of sand built up underneath it.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe art of pottery was handed down through generations and, in some cases, learnt from a potter. The pots were not sold in the market, nor did the potter make any pots ready in anticipation of customers; they were only made to order.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q20d9H3bsIsmdRNhi-CunHtOddlHfrqLr0p75Aeu8lIdJva7P2L8XSlJmtRQhP1hEzWRzmkg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eClay pot lid made and used by Digo women.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TXiWnujzuL5yx6PXEbkEZxfMtg_MqJ_fuognoU-cFS19ScfwcKn3ejgvId-TcEHeTTeQrF5g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTool\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA mango seed used by Digo women potters for smoothing and scraping the insides of the pots.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S1gUH7wW9mgPDs8CzfpvDjLDnBOxqRRpOmLB7B4avFbefSLWprZwiv2GuyKOyD8lb8EW490TM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFlask\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a small flask, which was made by a woman and used by children for keeping fat and meat. The cover is made of camel skin.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RAiV62j7GOVkfHtprbxtwyakfcl42IuSgt15P0L6H1xhgoqZCIFtHrINnlU0z8Qcm_P6m8bg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCooking for the family\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a wooden mortar and pestle. It was used by women for pounding grains prior to grinding. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally the Digo have been considered some of the best cooks among the Kenyan communities. \u003ci\u003eWali\u003c/i\u003e (cooked rice) is a popular Kenyan food, and was a staple of the Mijikenda community. It is prepared with coconut milk, giving the rice a sweet taste. Fish and other seafood were also common in the Mijikenda cuisine.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SWPo5jbkGovLJ2vb9AWet91_AxkLGSE8gjkVp2oXO5S_boYwFjMDSVJO3ld4ISfiyVb5Ir29w",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCleaning the house\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA broom made of sticks obtained from the \u003ci\u003eluhago\u003c/i\u003e tree. It was mainly used by Digo women for sweeping their houses.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]]]],null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,4,"TilesRibbon","EditorialSection:57d013aa-0692-434d-a280-d2f198d7f573"],["stella.edit.sect",null,15,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","The Giriama Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RdxYgv35nS-BJbDGRluOC85XTX3w3s3MixnZrxYXb3QHGXSU2AwIG_LuHFiBd_HfSnIDQL","/story/CQVxWZ0XYqhsIw",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"CQVxWZ0XYqhsIw"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tm4bG7G_XyaIA7EWa3RTSDW2iXwQb6K7HN5_1aSYVWFCpZl9uT2slctKMTeu476PkFzU90fNn8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Giriama migrated from Shungwaya. Due to conflicts with Cushitic communities they migrated southwards into the present Kenya coastal region and settled in Kilifi County. Upon settlement they experienced conflict from other groups, especially nomadic pastoralists. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was necessary for the Kaya villages to have a defensive function, which was crucial to their survival. This was achieved by building makaya within thick forest, so it could only be approached on narrow forest paths, surrounding the villages with a strong stockade to bury the sacred objects, or \u0026#39;fingo\u0026#39;, within the Kaya as they were essential to the material and spiritual well-being of the community. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kaya forests with their clearings and sacred sites are believed to be what remains of the extensive forests and hidden villages, preserved now as ritual and spiritual sites, the surrounding land having given way to agriculture during the 19th and 20th centuries.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_ThcMLqN4SWmVtQTA8jV_CZlWXyoQwbZXn8fZ-NyH2Hj6UCAzXN0q2rQzHh2Qjd32WcKIgcRg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWorking in the forest\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis axe is made of a metal iron head and a wooden haft cut from the \u003ci\u003emulundi\u003c/i\u003e tree. It was mostly used for cutting down trees.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rk4RpEhlNQx5KGwPF2U5YD2el6uvXKWifGuVi4LxOeBfkMIu9KEpvRKloF_RLMRoc35IIEdg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAluminium bracelets\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese are heavy aluminium bracelets made in two pieces, which are joined by putting a stick through the holes in them. On the inside they are rounded but on the outside they have three deep grooves running around them. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThey were made by a blacksmith from melted down aluminium cooking pots. The melted aluminium was poured into a long groove in the ground, and then hammered and scraped into shape with a knife. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThey were worn by women, particularly older women on the wrist, and the larger ones worn above the elbow.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TDwv9CJE7ZeCAa_H8t9d5Imee01F-QLa8uR8ns05-0i7zq10NVMfqTHILWTiPk2VdiZaZElw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeaved sleeping mat\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis finely woven mat (\u003ci\u003ekitseka\u003c/i\u003e), was made by a male craftsman. A long strip of doum palm (\u003ci\u003emiaa/mlala\u003c/i\u003e) was sewn together with sisal fibre (\u003ci\u003emakonge\u003c/i\u003e) to make such a mat. The mats serve as beds and seats.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SF0zL_-83blEoQOIlzgv4uzcAVhkGirc7n4r2q5bD1hZYokTei4vsZ878dIScMUTb2BFy1qpk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaking wooden bowls\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis wooden, flat-bottomed food bowl (\u003ci\u003emuvure\u003c/i\u003e) was made by a young man using \u003ci\u003emwaamba\u003c/i\u003e wood. The wood was cut using an axe and made hollow with an adze. It was used as a communal eating bowl by as many as seven people.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SHKo6xPX7u-N9o9tioXIjivWkho-G6fRdR6mGVtxHKdWSBpwj77G5dESusB9kcafgtObT4LA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaking flour baskets\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA wide, circular shallow basket made by male craftsman from \u003ci\u003emiaa\u003c/i\u003e (doum palm). It was woven in a long strip and joined together with sisal fibre. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was used by women, who would have placed the rotary quern (grinding stone) in it; the resulting flour was contained in this basket.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SOXgRDHXR_AzSdgYLNWKUVbiGpW7agUgViKjPZK9gEoCNVJojow-v4fNz2fjUo7T31Efyj",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarriage the Giriama way\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis eight string beaded necklace of heavy brass cylinders was made by a craftsman at Pongwe. The beads were strung on \u003ci\u003emakonge\u003c/i\u003e (sisal) thread by a woman. This would have been a special bridal necklace.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGiriama marriages were traditionally arranged by parents through giving bride-wealth to their sons. The parents of the bride and groom met to discuss the bride price – usually a bull and traditional liquor \u003ci\u003emnazi\u003c/i\u003e – which is brought twenty eight times. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOn the day, the bull was taken to the bride\u0026#39;s family, and the groom went back home with the bride, accompanied by song and dance. Gifts were then given to the couple, and the father-in-law would take water, swirl it in his mouth, and then blow it onto the chest of the bride and bridegroom. The mother would then do the same as a way of blessing the new couple.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QE3hDQ-a3b5jf3vJwpZ_odlDnqm6NhJEW4a2ntjGxO1IliPpTdMWTAQyTJDJPmjep1mT0KUfo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKoma\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis koma (shorter than a kigango) was made by a male \u003ci\u003efundi\u003c/i\u003e (craftsman) from a hard, durable and termite repellent wood. The tree was cut using an axe and finished with a chisel. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt is shaped like a human being with a head and a long straight body, and was erected on top of a grave or at a \u003ci\u003ekigojo\u003c/i\u003e – a structure where male elders hold their meetings. It would have been carved only on request, and never sold in the market.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TAZ9-K4Z3BZnFjq8DvgQ58ZUlq5WOY5ISXJihfV8E-1lk4obkF05xiAXQFF3PswodJangn0g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThese are \u003ci\u003evigango\u003c/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003ekoma\u003c/i\u003e erected after someone\u0026#39;s death, to honour them.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eVigango are erected for the \u003ci\u003eGohu\u003c/i\u003e society, while koma are erected for common members of the community.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SweUWG5cHDXyfOSf49MmDaQh3z_4GVggs6nlepT-j15QDUxzgsRJHuxhG_LIYOsBVXO949wA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKiveli\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA charm (\u003ci\u003ekiveli\u003c/i\u003e) with red, white and blue beads and cowries, sewn on cowskin and hung on a locally made chain. The charm was made by a male craftsman. He would sell them to the medicine man, who distributed them to his patients. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIf a person fell ill he/she would go to the medicine man, who provided the charm, and the illness would go away if it was caused by an evil spirit. It is worn by both sexes over one side of the shoulder and under the arm.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TtAhlfo9rtW_xteuGaOJOw47HKEO1M5jsBfoXBWU0Vzo_ckY1wVnuie47txpfTEB1zw26hL4o",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is a coconut shell completely covered with beads. It was made by a Giriama man and given to a Kamba medicineman who used it to cure illnesses. It would be waved round and round a patient\u0026#39;s head, and after some time the patient would be asked to rest his head on a pillow.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RRNjEAfJbmiZ-zhE5DSXj0z52-JWRq7dtxnCKaLDrEohZx4c8AX_GtGKLQ-5z319dFIrHkEg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRattle\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a small gourd rattles which. It was used by both men and women when they drank palm beer.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TAcka9liRXA1uJra3OyULJmKiS78P1uTdnYuGpppfn7o754H3k5tcXB8XZaVtQ8Tqc6iHgLU8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFlute\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt is a small flute with four holes made by the male sex. Usually young men used it. It is made from wood of the Mwanzi tree and the holes are burned into wood with a red hot iron awl. It is played mainly for dances but also for personal amusement.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TQ2Eq7ToPGAlHvKxoL7sT9xFUpQ7P2h28bJFk6I9QKJEzCNdC3fA6eczqDMBTWuyHSqOFVJwjc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChildren\u0026#39;s toys\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a dummy of a dhow, made by children for playing. It is made of wood and has two masts attached to the sticks.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Somali Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qx-FtBvnJsIrIzU_ZBUJsywmN0bpIfdCyJFyKIlLe9AIxyZ8Gb-527qR2yZKzemsnaCpfGiQ","/story/jAVh6fPknHaVIw",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"jAVh6fPknHaVIw"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QsGpSZVNIa1ehHF9nnnFJwX1BAQUW53boKxikl7ldoNiSZil9R3yiTjG35rSgyTHq5TsmdiGw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLegendary Somalis - Abdulla: The Mad Mulla\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMohammed Abdulla Hassan was born in the 1870s in Kob Fardod near Kirrit, in what later became Somaliland. Abdulla was the eldest son of Sheikh Abdille, who was part of the Ogaden Bah Gari sub-clan of the Darod major Clan. His mother, Timiro Sade, was from the Dhulbahante clan.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHe grew up among the Dhulbahante pastoralists – good herdsmen who used camels as well as horses for transportation. Young Abdulla’s hero was his maternal grandfather, Sade Magan, a great warrior chief. By the age of eleven, Hassan was already a good horseman, as well as a hafiz – a reciter of the entire Quran, which is by no means a small feat.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QsGpSZVNIa1ehHF9nnnFJwX1BAQUW53boKxikl7ldoNiSZil9R3yiTjG35rSgyTHq5TsmdiGw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eAfter his pilgrimage from Mecca, years after his grandfather had died in 1875, he met religious fundamentalists who changed his perceptions of the world and the British rule over his motherland. He regarded the whites as infidels.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAbdulla’s first major incident with the British occurred when a Vice Consular accused him of stealing a gun. This was on March 23, 1899. Abdulla, then referred to as \u0026#39;the Mullah\u0026#39; in the Vice Consular’s letters, wrote back to deny the claims of gun theft.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SMM5UDDK03dxrOBJGxyEBOqYPY8qYsz0oVRh2h079tBgq9vp4dI0FmfVLGKhmyZecz-xK17Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eIn 1899, the Dervish rebellion was sparked by claims that a group of Somali children had been converted into Christianity and adopted by the French Catholic mission at Berbera. This, according to the consul general James Hayes Sadler, was either spread or made up by a Sultan Nur. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAbdulla is quoted to have said that the British had destroyed their religion, taken the Somalis\u0026#39; children and made them theirs, thus beginning the rebellion opposing Christianity. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mullah acquired weapons from the Ottoman empire, Sudan and other Islamic communities, put his people in charge of different parts of Somalia, and called for Somali unity and independence. He declared war on all indels (the British) and with 5000 of his followers, armed with 200 guns, he created the Dervish empire.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TQJjgYle_Jj8pvufU6IbaQCPQANHFaXVW027M6tEJK2010PIbm1_yLxiaUNI-1uBj4xiAW_Hs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eHis first attack on the British at Kadariyeh caught the enemy unprepared – so much that the Somali among the British troops fled in fear. More regions fell to the Mullah afterwards. He demanded total loyalty, and those who failed to cooperate were publicly caned and at times beaten to death. The Mullah is also said to have had magical powers that could turn enemy fire into water, making it harmless to his fighters. His ability to confuse and escape his enemies, and his mastery of the Quran, convinced many Somalis that he was even immortal.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TQJjgYle_Jj8pvufU6IbaQCPQANHFaXVW027M6tEJK2010PIbm1_yLxiaUNI-1uBj4xiAW_Hs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eIn one battle, the Mullah destroyed an entire battalion of British troops, killing their captain, lieutenant colonel, and 97 soldiers. After seizing thousands of camels, horses and two cases of whisky, he mocked the British even further by sending them back their cases of whisky by a runner, stating that he had no use for them. After daring the British even further, they combined forces, drawing armies from as far as South Africa, India, and the Yao and Ashanti from Gambia. Even Ethiopia, under King Menelik, gave 5000 soldiers for the cause. The Mullah was brilliant; he drew the British armies to the wilderness he was familiar with and beat them there, killing nine British military officers in the process. Even after repeatedly trying to get information from his captured fighters, the Mullah was always several steps ahead of the British.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mullah died of natural causes, from influenza, and even then the British had trouble locating his body. By the time they did, his body had already been placed in a tomb, which they chose to keep a secret to prevent it from becoming a shrine of inspiration to other rebels.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QrJlWIZENXW3rb_c45_7RaJZl9JJMXK4hikx_18mwOCDn3ecsMysrtANSNN2uSvQIJHRS_5HU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAjuran Sultanate: the royals from Somali\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the midst of the vast Somali expanse during the 13th century, a great empire dwelt upon the land. Canals crisscrossed the Shebelle and the Juba rivers, and the land was lush with crops. They were a marvel of hydraulic engineering, like the land of the Pharaohs was before them. For miles around, this great kingdom was the best, and the only empire in Africa that had bent rivers to its will. Complementing its canals were wells and cisterns, which are still in use even to this day. With a centralized system of government, the Sultans at the helm, and a strong military, not even the Oromo from the west and the Portuguese from the east could measure up to its might. This was the Ajuran Dynasty.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAt the peak of the European age of exploration, the European superpower Portugal was perhaps the most determined to test the strength of the Ajurans. Their conquest begun with the city-states of Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwa, Lamu and Pate. Some they plundered, while others they torched. The overzealous Tristao da Cunha went as far as daring the Ajuran Empire itself, in the battle of Barawa, but the resistance was too stiff and the defenses too strong. The Somalis from the Ajuran Empire fought fiercely and defeated the Portuguese, leaving injured Tristao nursing injuries in the Socotra islands.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T3bfpe0bm2HKKoDSe8J3c-K3qckUn0I4zs3aTNo9iBU4zslWumS7zciIEEiqFQJFU1oMT_qg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Portuguese were not ones to take defeat easily. Tristao wanted to mount another attack on Mogadishu, the Ajuran capital and richest city in Africa. However, the Portuguese thought it a foolish idea to attack the Ajuran stronghold and advised against it. With that, the Tristao backed down and left the Ajurans in peace.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBut that was not the end of the Portuguese attempts on the Ajurans. Joao de Sepuvelda led a Portuguese battalion and tried to get into Mogadishu via sea in what was the battle of Benadir. The Ajuran Navy defeated him too before he even reached the shores of Mogadishu.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBy the 1580s, some of the coastal cities were already under Portuguese oppression. The Ajurans, a kind-hearted people as they were, sympathized with the Swahili and Arabs living in those cities and called for help from the Turkish for a joint force against the Portuguese. Mir Ali Bey responded with his feet and drove the Portuguese out of Pate, Mombasa and Kilwa.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T3bfpe0bm2HKKoDSe8J3c-K3qckUn0I4zs3aTNo9iBU4zslWumS7zciIEEiqFQJFU1oMT_qg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Portuguese also drew reinforcements from India and forced the Ajurans into defense. They avoided Mogadishu nonetheless, even after managing to retake the cities under their control. In the end, the Portuguese were overpowered for good. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the 17th century, the expanding Oromo nation of Ethiopia reached the Southern Somali coast. At the same time, the Ajuran Empire was at the height of its power. The Garen rulers of the Ajuran Empire carried out military conquests known as Gaal Madow Wars against the Oromo warriors, converting whoever was captured into Islam. The defeated Oromo had no option but to migrate elsewhere.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rt92BPu84R8xgJocsvT1F41afzuAR0MlryjsAl6ZWVcA0uKhKv5cRbMkHTj9meyyYpBE1yTg8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is a sisal rope, used for fastening goods on a camel when going to the market.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Raac1WHxEd7w6QTd0FXhqRwgGKTc3wRqxM5pvp3lrnbOnDXCu1u0i-geKeOke1xtl4GFgy",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eClan system\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Somali were organized into clans, which were traditionally headed by religious leaders called Sultans. All clan leaders formed a council of elders, which was in charge of the day to day affairs of the community (making major clan decisions, settling disputes, maintaining law and order) and acting as the final court of appeal. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere were also community members with special responsibilities – for instance, Sheikhs and medicine men, who were highly regarded in the community. Their opinions would be sought before important decisions were made.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TCb8O0BIDdReeHcOXlZN88ysg9THk-lTGHmik6asRsIPW2lgnUaR1yJiX2hpsfO2gfI2G9jrc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMen provided protection\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a crude spear made by a local blacksmith. The shaft was shaped with a big knife, and it was used by herdsmen to fight off enemies and also lions.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QCLU_RUFWWxyXP3QdSrk64JcrmnhAExjVE9H-9zds0uffuCUfat5LrAl_HImyURbRYHWh6STo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWomen thatched their houses\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eDuful\u003c/i\u003e is a twined mat with fringed grass attached to one side. It was made by women from \u003ci\u003eowo\u003c/i\u003e leaves. These were carried on camels\u0026#39; backs and used to build houses. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Somali lived in temporary settlements consisting of a semi-circular or circular arrangement of houses, erected around open space which was partitioned into pens for the livestock. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe houses were prefabricated and portable structures, readily erected and dismantled. Erecting and dismantling the houses was traditionally the responsibility of the women.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rd8ITRa800yxVEqJ3JNt_pm44NSE42rzIC4fLMIiAH6Pb7kIyoFOdge_0gvCzW5hGHFiOaxlg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncense pot\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese pots were used by women, who would place hot charcoal in the burner and add some sweet smelling spices. They used this to keep their houses smelling nice. The incense burner was also placed in an oval openwork basket, on which the women would sit so that the incense would scent their clothes and bodies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TPSrlr8LbcvbdcG4_zqktpwdm0w7OPdXK1lh7RXUZaT8gQkmKRKeJ7BW055wFiRDyEjaK46A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarriage cane\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a cane of about 18 inches long with a leather thong as a handle. The handle is covered with tan colored leather, and the lower part with closely woven string, painted yellow. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was made by the men from goatskin, string and a metal stick from the shops. The color was obtained from the \u003ci\u003eKorow\u003c/i\u003etree; its stems were mixed with water and heated, then the color would be smeared on when cold. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSuch canes were never sold, but made specially for marriage ceremonies. They were used to confirm the marriage, and the newly married groom would hit the bride on the back three times on the first day of marriage.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Somali widely practiced polygamy, as Islamic laws allow a man to have as many as four wives.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SDEqu6MsPV_FmuPvRDDVVKtpS-UYQ1hhxbMrdGDvCEqKPXqXfBhIwBXfcn4ngMkC4joniSDQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDecorated aluminium ornaments\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMavasa\u003c/i\u003e is an oval pendant. It was made by melting down and beating out an old splay cooking pot, then decorating it with an incised pattern, worked with a small splay ended awl. It was made by a male craftsman and worn by women attached to their necklaces.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RDBWzpZ7nVG17bV7an_cjKt3CsFjVhs7hduTAQRc9ZKfXYn03oREmo9pF82yV5dls5GfEI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWooden spoons\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese spoons were carved by men and used for eating.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rai-JQGOGUt3Yr_3ta8EsBbYNDP7IKzN2BVgneSQnsQ-imW9tTIdm8bq0MMDb2Zv4P4s88ww",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDecorated women\u0026#39;s comb\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA decorated comb made by men from wood of the Hagar tree. It was used by women to comb their hair.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T4mJjWhGYyzMvDwjJUKXf7A-JX-rIKI9ruYyDje7fwO5F1hbiQIfn4zHW03Dzqz5dJNLBtVw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCarved stool\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis low stool with two legs was used by everyone. However, women traditionally used low stools, while men used the higher ones. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAll men in the community knew how to carve the stools, but some specialized in the skill. Usually one or two men would make them in each homestead, using the \u003ci\u003ehagar\u003c/i\u003e wood.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QxPm5MI8NY-ra0TQOOPhK_b4kJexSUD0Kaw1s-fbF5loMkkuIxWiXXTwLeel3mMQXScK57EsY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe art of basketry\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a half-done basket, woven using an awl. The material used is from wild sisal (\u003ci\u003esansavieria\u003c/i\u003e), which has been cut. A hole would then have been dug in the ground, and something burned inside it to dry the sisal. The sisal leaves would then be buried in the hole for three to four weeks, after which they are ready for use. Before a Somali girl married, she had to prepare such baskets for her own home.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RMYV5JoC4oDwrmTAHwvv0PAugzupi6yLmf6USPGSTreGWCPy5-wyLnzKeHKwZju9UG_dJF",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA defense sword\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis sword was made from scrap metal by a blacksmith, and used by men as a weapon for defense, and for cutting meat.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SFzCXrFcgVVXojET5XtSQlOgAHseTgRBihrlD--AiAdUz0774Y9axSEMzEITfh3VgKuKVMDA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCharm\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis necklace was made by women from large colored ivory beads attached to two charms. The charms were made from horse skin, inside which was placed a letter from the Sheikh. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA sick person would have his sickness diagnosed by the Sheikh, who had referred to the Quran, and the pocket would then be prepared. These charms were used to prevent all types of sicknesses and diseases.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Tugen Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RBvut8kQi7Eyl5fJ6oKVWXXVRKcAPyYVgGkRJA2d5FMVqGOMJBx0OhsH_Xf7gm_CXrLYPT","/story/5AXBFaAtZObRJA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"5AXBFaAtZObRJA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SvVB-Il4HQ8RhjvcfmWDg8-zUk1rCbk9XmOQKZ4XiNKE3dS4jyKYXPoaJWsYTj_FFPpkQkEX4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDaniel Toroitich arap Moi\u0026#39;s cloak\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDaniel Toroitich arap Moi served as Kenya\u0026#39;s second president, from 1978 to 2002. He wore this cloak, which is made from colobus monkey skin.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOrigin and migration\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Tugen live around Baringo and parts of Nakuru counties. Their oral traditions indicate that they migrated from the north, west and east of their present settlement. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe largest part of their population originated from the west, a place known as Sumo, in an area located between Mount Elgon and Cherangany Hills. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe rest migrated from the north (Suguta, Lake Turkana), the east (Koilegen, Mount Kenya), and brought with them non-Kalenjin speaking people.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE00bnl5ZURBbWJtUk9fXzhrelM5VHJxSXFDY0d3XzJ6Q0tDaVJJ",88.12751615176886,9.827077560996699,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipM4nyyeDAmbmRO__8kzS9TrqIqCcGw_2zCKCiRI\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-9.827078-ya128.12752-fo81.90045",null,81.90044838012531,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE00bnl5ZURBbWJtUk9fXzhrelM5VHJxSXFDY0d3XzJ6Q0tDaVJJ\u0026sv_f\u003d81.90044838012531\u0026sv_h\u003d88.12751615176886\u0026sv_p\u003d9.827077560996699",null,320,[10,"AF1QipM4nyyeDAmbmRO__8kzS9TrqIqCcGw_2zCKCiRI"],"SvInfo:b650c3d2-4b3c-4922-9d19-184e8736537b"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SOoygzYlQl95NJQkiZnitj1xfVlohjbB58lLxG4GKQMV7EfZVeyIy7UyfuArTapSqfRQCA-Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReligion and beliefs\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Tugen pray to their God, \u003ci\u003eAsis\u003c/i\u003e (sun). They also have other gods, namely: \u003ci\u003eChepapkoyo\u003c/i\u003e (god of harvest) and \u003ci\u003eCheptengeryan\u003c/i\u003e (god of love).\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S__kna8WWU8SCCbhb5LOtdvOZ8-8qFOs2Vbrmluc8k1WslJjwpBlygFBj1ZDw-WdH4lJu4DSI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is a cowhide thong (\u003ci\u003eRiguita\u003c/i\u003e), made by women and used for tethering cows. It would have been tied around the neck or one leg to tether an animal to a particular grazing area.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RFoGyEHIkMmuF3L2c7r5mdf0iEqFL8oL9fI92gayKGjoKZi0E6d-GGyFyfV7zYz6SPpKYeNDM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming tools\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a hoe (\u003ci\u003emogombe\u003c/i\u003e), made of an iron blade fitted with a wooden haft (\u003ci\u003eGedit\u003c/i\u003e). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe blade was made by a blacksmith, while each owner would add a suitable handle. It was used by women for digging in the fields.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q8j-tnNyiZ1XN6tc0WSq2D2rYcHGZpLMUpfiLBrZtEbld7r03xULIFjyKuzixLGeJ3tp1v4A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProtecting the community\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis shield was used for defence purposes during warfare. It was made from hippopotamus hide by a specialist. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe hide would be cut, curved and bound with leather. It would then be buried in soil for three days until it was stiff enough to be beaten into shape with a hammer.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TugJMT3l-ObGWPSC9HnCni5FSW2Us9Vi0aVVT2_F2d-53-7dDVoKDDbecSpKxzGlwGq2oaolI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaking utensils and woodwork\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTugen men used an adze to carve out wood and make food bowls (\u003ci\u003etubei\u003c/i\u003e). They were useful for families who ate together and passed food around in the bowl.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qh6vAoZdX8kYCnxueEqQizPMKJMpUSLk6Or7dB_xSRqWAphqG2yga9Ufk3Gp9NO51-SY-66L_g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChildbirth\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a belt made by women from cowhide and cowrie shells, and used by a new grandmother whose daughter had just given birth. A belt with one row of cowries would usually be worn by a girl and a second row added later, when she became a mother. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA new grandmother would wear a belt with three rows, and a great grandmother would wear four. Sometimes, if the great grandmother had passed on, the fourth row would still be added on to her old belt. The belt would have been passed on to her eldest son and was kept in his lineage.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA belt like this would also be hung over the neck of a goat, which was later given as a special present to the husband\u0026#39;s family.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QP8lO5RiJZbZ0WWkC1InA87ukocJP75gjUvxOvnlZCQaKJdSXGrtt7P0_IYhlohHxeg-etF5nJ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCircumcision\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese are two earblocks, which were made and worn by uncircumcised girls to stretch their earlobes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBoys would wear ear plugs (\u003ci\u003esora\u003c/i\u003e) in each earlobe after circumcision. In each age-set, the initiates were bundled into \u003ci\u003esiritie\u003c/i\u003e, or what can be understood as a team. There were three \u0026#39;teams\u0026#39; or \u003ci\u003esiritoik\u003c/i\u003e in an age-set (\u003ci\u003eibindo\u003c/i\u003e). Men circumcised together had a very high level of solidarity.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q2qm4K5uD-TKhcFJeuK9FOIgwX7dT_LC37gIZt9YOacJJXp-UnojiqfIjhVb0H_cEa2ONk7Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTugen girl\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA young Tugen girl dressed for circumcision.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eToday circumcision of girls is illegal in Kenya, and communities are encouraged to use alternative initiation practices.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tkk_esUDB94WJQ2UbPNRiR20ySTH4tg2zQ3iNxjimb3_Uay2vJ-ogECnlSirHXa84mEbisEos",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarriage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an earring (\u003ci\u003emwanikabitik\u003c/i\u003e) with beads and zip fastener, stitched on cowhide all around the edge. It was made and worn by married women.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally Tugen didn\u0026#39;t consider a woman as belonging to an age-set until she was married. She could marry any age-set except that to which her father belonged. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMarriage ceremonies were highly valued in Tugen society.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RjXFcTFFxpDCfhnNnKkTVnKTgq2vYQG0KH-gs9zBwzJo3VmTfsdOh9GiVtojdqGI6GFRKyemM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNeacklace\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis necklace was worn and made by uncircumcised girls. It is covered with red ochre and made of twelve strings of beads. These were made from wood of the \u003ci\u003ekipungeiwa\u003c/i\u003e tree and cowhide spacers, threaded on wild sisal thread (\u003ci\u003ekilembele\u003c/i\u003e). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe wooden beads were cut with a knife for decoration, and the outer edge is a string of white oblong beads, each separated by four or six red beads threaded on wire.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RDb3L_xbSuEh51bhcV2Fc9YTjORtPlo5xAdZLnpVUDr3nlX6ESAZqH61D-L7KCc1KDDzzb",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEntertainment\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis lyre is a traditional musical instrument made of wood, with a tin top and bottom. It has six strings and the resonator has a wooden bridge. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLyres like this were made and played by young men, to accompany singing and entertain guests in the evening.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RdaiXBowOUzUsXAdpq7PdxRCI1gZXnpoLTIDRLXa1DL6G5hGbCWWLyBrCJX3c5aEq40Qeueg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAnklets\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a pair of anklets made from Colobus monkey (\u003ci\u003eKoroit\u003c/i\u003e) skin – one with a row of white and row of orange beads, and the other with green and orange beads at the top edge. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe monkey was caught and killed by a Morani, who then made the anklets and would have worn them particularly at dances and ceremonies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGame hunting is now illegal in Kenya.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Luo Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QI4kArlzTvivS5UCCtGyH8y7I9N8ncpaWw5wnpRyYuMTOlTiJYCwuJjXSHTacKHpmqpFtc","/story/7QWRxv0EFVKDLg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"7QWRxv0EFVKDLg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T3-wBayyqMRqQrgboT3Ts9VWE_FYA6z4Oo3qAlE5wAw6qoT08FcV17iSTvhsv31r2KKxY0QAUt",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFrom Sudan to Lake Victoria\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Luo are a Nilotic-speaking group, who are believed to have originated from Sudan, and are now settled around the Lake Victoria basin in Kenya and Tanzania. Other Luo groups are found in Uganda, Congo, Ethiopia and Sudan.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rc5QcI1sepQeTmPZQ3AoYJx2NrGV1TZuydQB6bxT0zMdUQIj5su0UawYhk7XhwFiYcC4SMUA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNyasaye and the supernatural\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Luo believed in God the creator, Nyasaye, whom they worshiped in sacred places (hembko or hembho). The sacred shrines, trees, huge rocks, hills, and Lake Victoria were associated with the supernatural.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TJhM4EWZS2baY9U-IexXMZeEcoam0s184K3ULZCzvru633UX1s2n928Vn4oWqqLfZofb3gtg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe legend Luanda Magere\u003c/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA long time ago a story is told of a Luo legend who was a mighty warrior from Kano. He was called Luanda Magere from the Sidho clan. It was believed that his body was made of hard rock and nothing could harm him. During this time, the Luo were in constant conflict with the Nandi people and raids were common and every time the two communities met, the Nandi warriors would be crushed by Luanda. The Luo always triumphed in the war as many enemies fell by Luanda’s spear.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SFDcRE3aq8ZyGfHTmzk4IqHeyNGXVmF9CXdaCdZ7lXe03OWga6BiSM5mmZfO3IOxEMvm1c5alM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eA time came when, during Luanda’s first wife’s absence, he fell seriously ill. The local medicine-man prescribed some herbs that had to be rubbed on Luanda\u0026#39;s body. Since his first wife was absent, the second wife had to undertake that task. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo her surprise, Luanda asked her to cut his shadow and administer the herbs. At first she thought that her dear husband had plunged into the pool of insanity, but little did she know that that was where his strength lay. After cutting his shadow she was filled with disbelief when blood trickled from his shadow.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RYvjgHBZb5oPz0mdlXxmGA82XVl52rTc2QlobfZfyJFVNkXv1GjJsSOBsjWibrnhYvTrGjnTI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eOn this discovery, Lwanda’s second wife crept out in the night, ran to her people and relayed the information. The Nandi strategized and attacked the Luo once again. During the attack, Lwanda\u0026#39;s shadow was struck by a spear and he fell lifeless on the battlefield. The Nandi were ecstatic about their victory, whereas the Luo were filled with great dismay following the loss of a great warrior.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA rock stands at the spot where Luanda Magere allegedly fell, and locals believe that sharpening your hunting tool on that rock guaranteed one of a successful hunt.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QLXnAK2mw7jRozE9JUWfo6lfadbK8_8O9SV-_No4ZRJ5V7xAIb4KUojGClzPtcGQKpRNpqHQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eGrowing up, Gor gave many prophesies that came true including a prophecy where \u0026#39;baby-like\u0026#39; creatures were manifested, who were unstoppable as locusts. He warned the courageous warriors not to kill them because they had sticks that spat fire-guns.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ehe extent of his magic was so powerful that herbalists visit his graveyard to partake of his powers\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R8R14x5aABZa25E9jBfGVMgv8ERTVeYZ0TRolF9x1wYf599iGPZSmWU0qooZ7v-QRhP3Vjt766",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInitiation\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Luo initiation was done by removing six front teeth from the lower jaw. The significance of this rite was to test courage and endurance of both men and women, and also to administer medicine in case of diseases such as lockjaw.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QTUbWUHvgbgqwCEIj9EX8s7Z9tDgSgAuQO3DwnDuBAQmyTK7FozUsrgLSbKPO-APvENXTi0Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe long way to marriage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Luo marriage process happened in phases. When a man spotted the girl he wanted to marry, he sent a few men from his clan to the girl\u0026#39;s parents, and they would express his interest. The two families would investigate if there was any blood relation or ancestral connection between the two families, as it is the Luo custom that a man and a woman from the same clan should not marry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAfter that, a \u0026quot;go between\u0026quot; (Jagam) would investigate the reputation of both families: if they practised witchcraft or sorcery, or had cases of madness, murder and diseases. Leprosy, epilepsy, sleeping sickness were considered hereditary and were possible grounds to stop a marriage.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe groom and his family would then proceed to pay the first bride wealth payment (Angea), which could be money or other gifts, but not cattle. Angea was paid to the mother of the girl, and she would cook a special meal of chicken for the guests. The actual bride price involved an agreed number of cattle.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe man would would then plan to \u0026#39;abduct\u0026#39; the girl, either from the market or when she was fetching water. The \u0026#39;abduction\u0026#39; was of symbol of status and everyone would know the girl was taken.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QYfmgKEHCAR8OZFbrj9-y7mU3UMLyRoZ0iJby5tvwrMcjsta0M9MXqqK87iB6F1Igiz4WzamI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProtecting the clan\u003c/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eShields had three major socio-cultural applications: as defensive tools against attacks, used in mock fights (when village boys scrambled to take the initiates home) and in song and dance during traditional funeral ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RcRsi9gW23SIU7FPLsjxXipzQKA2jEVmX-R9m3MIcCaeyANuS38fobAUiyVA-42ejGoghM8Qw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe great Luo women\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLuo women played a great role in the family. Traditionally, they carried out most of the domestic chores, took care of the children, and taught them their language and traditions. The women wore goat skin and elaborate headdresses decorated with feathers and beads.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q82lkEHDOdd-ojnYpro0Fn4gWJMRtrizBUodIhsdt3nJkkl7KKAwG4T3gWNUktcHObMFWyIg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe afterlife and funeral dress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Luo believed that the dead joined the spirit world where they still had influence on living relatives. They could either be happy, or sad evil spirits who would cause calamities until they were appeased. Hence, the living accorded them a decent send off and prepared them to be ancestors. The burial ceremony included rites of mourning, dancing and slaughtering of animals.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis mask was worn during funerals, and is made of hide and cow\u0026#39;s teeth. The crown is a cape decorated with cowrie shells and cow horns.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RTnIGI0nrAiv9wsHJr0tFAGMBjt5vlnx7bPXglbcayidoivPg4LjpIAsHE4CG6VRO0pfsBjJU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCobra bone and healing\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWitch doctors or medicine men were important in the Luo community. Cobra bones were used for healing effects. The back bones of a cobra were arranged in a chain form and sold by a witch doctor as medicine for a sick person. The pieces were sold one by one, burnt, and the ash was used to relieve pain. The area where one was experiencing pain would be cut with a blade and rubbed with this ash. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCobra bones were also tied around the waist when traveling in the bush for protection against being attacked by a cobra. The witch doctor would go into the bush to search for cobra bones, and if he could not find any he ordered the hunters to kill one and sell it to him.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RfAlmLOaK5X9Y8bNmpMB1azjQGbkxPMhaIV4j9-XgZuoE6ALN9_yK31cGXAAQ48fnGz3JPIcs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFishing trap\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe fishing trap is described as a trap that \u0026#39;never goes without catching fish\u0026#39;. When fishing, about three to four strings are tied to a long stick, then baited and immersed into the water. As the fish rush into the trap, it is pulled out of the water, catching the fish.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T7l1g2aXl6klCRzChkv5L0PDukeiXV1uQa-tOYLXOMSijjbnEhPRG0xOJ4Ja1V8r061VeB6Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAgriculture: grain stores\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere were two types of Luo grain stores. One was made from wickerwork and the other from papyrus reeds. They were sometimes plastered with clay and cow dung. A short ladder from a forked branch was placed against the body of the basket and accessed through an opening at the top of the basket, immediately under the roof. Such granaries are fast disappearing from modern Luo homesteads.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis granary was made from millet sticks at the base of the conical shaped roof, which was thatched and covered a large container. The basket-like container was made by continuous twisting of the soft twigs, and held by crossed branches on the base and two sides.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SOYIieTc6S41Slbp-KbaODsSkLjBHRt9vfLB1b8ZOmYFRtlL8hQ5XDNYMbukqFtQDpwZjzqRQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHunting animals and collecting honey\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUsing spears, arrows and knives, the Luo hunted birds and small animals including deer, antelope, rabbits, guinea fowl, porcupine among others for food, skins and horns. They got feathers from birds to decorate their headdresses, horns as musical instruments, and made clothes from the animal skins to cover their bodies. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Luo also harvested honey from trunks of large trees. They smoked the bees out by burning sticks, and collect the honey in containers by hand, which was then carried home.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QwkydvUNbjMPVEFs9VLR7pE2pY5sUOKavyZ7UbX-l3S6xPIcM-v4QvBUx_NdxcfQBbwbiK6is",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Abu\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Abu is a traditional musical instrument used by the Luo. It was made by several gourds stuck together using beeswax, and tied with the bark of the \u0026#39;powo\u0026#39; (a grewia) tree. The Abu was traditionally made and blown by men, producing a deep, loud sound during important ceremonies for entertainment.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TLAVkHYTzFSpYwNcchrW-qS9OMyySUdyFlOeNNtR8Rr9QLAMm2ux6Ubw9rVltBjKV8su8C_go",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Nyatiti\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe eight stringed musical instrument is locally known as \u0026#39;Nyatiti\u0026#39;. It is a plucked bowl yoke lute, which was played for entertainment.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QvB0e1tZyPLslcxtCJq06NFGkLx9Q0pz9sPNjMP-z8SoAiO54oi77KNaKvKq0_Qyg5s2yl58Y",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFly whisk\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis fly whisk was made from an animal\u0026#39;s tail and fitted with a wooden handle. It was used by women during traditional song and dance ceremonies. It was also used by diviners to send off bad spirits, and in other instances it was used to bless people.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tk49Oq-fqZ2DuQjeLxBzOii40-OSrSc3j72VnBoXScGtoyJXsuocsqPAiFicXs2wXUGbLGydE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Fiddle\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Fiddle is a musical instrument made from a tin covered with leather skin and tied with a wire. It was played by men to produce melodic sounds.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Njemps Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RogiMgOnzWLGjIwY9PwHLrHWswEayH3q4YIIRc6zSaD_bWQdCQUN3YLRifL2mEpcVGetlb","/story/BwVhTUOAGTqrKA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"BwVhTUOAGTqrKA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOrigin and migration\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere are two theories that explain the origin of the Njemps. One theory suggests that they came from a section of the Samburu, called Il-Doigolo, in the mid-eighteenth century. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe other theory proposes that they are a remnant of one of the Il-Oikop/Il-kwavi Maasai, who were defeated by Ilkapi Maasai. They settled around the south and east of Lake Baringo, where they became sedentary agriculturalists.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE1FbFh1MnJwX3VxQmZ6RmgzeVpJMExnamJObjQtdThpQ21tT3B2",88.65203802786341,11.585175803979894,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMElXu2rp_uqBfzFh3yZI0LgjbNn4-u8iCmmOpv\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-11.5851755-ya-32.34796-fo112.35694",null,112.35693865520648,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE1FbFh1MnJwX3VxQmZ6RmgzeVpJMExnamJObjQtdThpQ21tT3B2\u0026sv_f\u003d112.35693865520648\u0026sv_h\u003d88.65203802786341\u0026sv_p\u003d11.585175803979894",null,121,[10,"AF1QipMElXu2rp_uqBfzFh3yZI0LgjbNn4-u8iCmmOpv"],"SvInfo:6c9c1b61-7275-4b27-8dd9-32eacb9a6ced"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QgnJ2pzEa6daqfulV1jV9UG_C3Jwr_zuM9rf8pdiNQEhZamuAuR2lHWjTAfsM6Hsc3S8fTfPE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRole of elders\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Njemps had a council of elders, who were responsible for settling quarrels, offering sacrifices, and conducting ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S1XDxGRUDb-29RSgFDlWMFIyJEVKJ5hFDCJ0CG1BDMZlfZLw8or47nnWpZU55u6h0BZvLgNj4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFishing in Lake Baringo\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis fishing canoe (\u003ci\u003eKaldich\u003c/i\u003e) was made by men from \u003ci\u003eambach\u003c/i\u003e wood and tied together using wild sisal (\u003ci\u003eRapai\u003c/i\u003e). Men would sit on the light pieces of \u003ci\u003eambach\u003c/i\u003e wood and use two wooden paddles to move the canoe on Lake Baringo, where they fished.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R1jqa30uZfA91LIUPeBVdRcyDkC0yeYlzKGxAmSHpOtFhbnnuY-TQrjoNzrpE6NyPJMNc1pLw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWooden paddles\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese are canoe paddles made from \u003ci\u003ekaemai\u003c/i\u003e wood. They were made by men and used for paddling \u003ci\u003eambach\u003c/i\u003e canoes while fishing on Lake Baringo.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TRpggLTMl4lV-oEOAyqbBs_6OvttIgI6hOpHRx3sID5VB_egVvI_z4aXUocXGuXGx1PaseY_Sh",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming and irrigation\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis wooden hoe was used for digging by the Njemps, who practice farming along Lake Baringo. Since part of the area is usually dry and has unreliable rainfall, the Njemps use irrigation to stimulate crop growth.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R2Q6ETz8L4FUHVeEq3Gv38oDdnCT2hTQTWpKBrLvM4a9fWjtjE2Pl4C5Xj3fiPiAuq7vcfO3I",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHoney gathering\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis traditional wooden barrel with cowhide and twisted fiber straps was used for storing honey. Men harvested honey and put it into the container. Honey was then carried home for use in other various activities like making beer or eating.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RRUQYO0dBxHTbxDYZhYmS_TH4mylQvTFHk2EonthnWS4xiE-fAOAWvz8ZLWylxU2ytiteP",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNjemps warrior\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Njemps warrior wearing a lion mane headdress, indicating his status. He holds a shield, spear and axe.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SiwN21VsZab5el-SOYViqky816gMtbNIkY1Qw0t_OwRJxakG_6FtCzHf8aRnpPvKCAdyy2gTw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMen hunted and protected the community\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis barbed arrow is made from iron, sticks, and feathers. It was used by men for hunting wild animals, and as a weapon when they were attacked.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q8Za1N0A-fuamHrjGCShz2mI0cr_XKmx7yBfN81nqOj-Kg8KQuuCkzqnnp0yhD53bVkhW-gIil",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHunting for meat\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis club (\u003ci\u003eeng\u0026#39;udi\u003c/i\u003e), made from \u003ci\u003esalabani\u003c/i\u003e wood, was carved by a Moran or an older man using a panga and a penknife. It would have been thrown at animals\u0026#39; legs to put them down.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QW1hXuxAkNGz1WVJhO0xsP1CW-KSPdATFK3EURlybVyXbe9ga1Fv3UO-R9N5_C8v57ErfYcCE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChildren\u0026#39;s ear plugs\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese wooden earplugs (\u003ci\u003esura\u003c/i\u003e), with holes at the centre, are made from \u003ci\u003eLabusekeil\u003c/i\u003e wood. They were made and worn on the earlobes by young boys and girls. At the age of six (\u003ci\u003eLibatin Awari\u003c/i\u003e), the earlobes were cut and the plugs inserted.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T6P7A3MpRPLxNIOz6Uvp2MIfACmD0frKS4Bb4hphal3wymkp9XYtQ_lsYwc_491Bp8CDV57w",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eColorful beads\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA pair of bead earrings (\u003ci\u003eoIchonyi onkiya\u003c/i\u003e) sewn on leather and worn on each earlobe by married women.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TmIF_CBhgpN54oY3r9xnOhmWpF9BVa2bTVjRHlOsnARkPYUl16xw_gngY3bnScdgkKiDPj5zQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCopper earrings\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCopper earrings made by a blacksmith.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RBeF3H2PeW4pdFDqEYcWYjgAyqGtaaQB-Q5WuG-1fVsIA35RTZjdH9sa3khjfiVSTCML89-w",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMen\u0026#39;s ornament\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an earring made from copper wire, coiled over an iron rod and worn by old men as an ornament.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q0jNPk0DAdPwOcI2VVhR_6qyx1hOmrTQerid17BByOFnFitiGAmEpEjHnd-xgHOClJAZlowA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBeaded skirt\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis kind of skirt (\u003ci\u003eOlekesena\u003c/i\u003e) was made from goat skin (or cowhide), decorated with beads. Women would scrape off the hair from the goat skin and make it supple by rubbing sheep fat mixed with red ochre. Then colorful beads would be sown on. It was worn by women.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R15ECiG3-53Izq4kDgI7WE6zeNYC3TVWV17GVpw1mCmRR65zl_gusxbqk17ZteiS3gWCGYSqCn",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSandals\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a cowhide sandal (\u003ci\u003enkamuka\u003c/i\u003e) that has a double sole and coil of cowhide on the straps for decoration. These were made by men and worn by everybody.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TzmjEMOwqk--37pEHpxH6PQ1lOrB8slz-UVME1fUsZ5SJQk0XUK6s57N_leXcpgZwWbshxhma7",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOld men loved their tobacco\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis tobacco box (\u003ci\u003eilkidong\u003c/i\u003e) is made from a black plastic pipe with cow hide ends and a handle. It was made by old men and the bead work done by their wives. Old men used it to keep tobacco that they chewed for leisure.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Turkana Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QeFhsx7Z9zIbD4lWIdAHgd2WPAotxRD4SuP-S0CVuxurJA7DT3Ib8RCfvNip_DCtGLjrdg","/story/bQVhzJJ5QTQNIg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"bQVhzJJ5QTQNIg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RVAbewFpRUoB2PFrZd2HGaCyhpN3zCY6rngKikr-ZOyOOMEeTTaPP3cDTTMW6zXbXW7vhPKeYw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe breathtaking Lake Turkana\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Turkana are believed to have migrated from southern Sudan and settled around Lake Turkana, where they mainly kept their livestock. Those close to lake Turkana and river Turkwel carried out fishing and farming in addition to pastoralism.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sd0LimOGRFPmsYRK0hyIcm3qRAeNTg39b6Gl6wFGVAj8McsA0u8dMFexltBm2zdCluuEHkNn8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eDue to their nomadic way of life, the Turkana traditionally had no centralised governance system. However, certain social positions were granted to individuals based on their wealth, war skills, divination, as well as positive personal qualities.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qhk4qEYxhqj-UbrSgklvcPcYdnT7CwjfmggyJ98vz6LCLwxtzcvcv89Kwz-uXHTG19xTS_mQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTurkana women\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTurkana women traditionally took care of the children and household duties. They excelled in making beaded ornaments and building new semi-permanent houses each time the homestead shifted as a result of their nomadic lifestyle.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SNBrJ37l6-Cg7SRAwxfVu9hMM2EHJFC6YLiapRxqzSalhcgGMg5hrRbAy6RQjupBGkEJcr2QWN",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTypical Turkana homestead\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis photograph depicts a traditional Turkana village.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R-LAHVPJyWR87HYSR5H26E8-m0exaj6WqcSeOD6B3X6F4vfmCtZKTifJDolGJoTZw4SnOWlqU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTurkana girls\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYoung Turkana girls adorned in their traditional attire and characteristic hairdo.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QjL81chsK3KFC_zrb5V5wlencqJjMlHeB8qTIkxG77Mnu7AduaOf_hiIwBA2bphPnu6Ka3hw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFertility doll\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe doll is made of doum palm fruit and beads, and was carried by young girls until they married.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TartHp7nQNCIGtrMG_EwYGfVemNcIleal3NCvaVo_lZlCUqstW_Cj0huHxf7a52KXoTFAZUw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eJoyous Turkana women wearing traditional ceremonial costumes\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe women have adorned themselves with traditional beaded head ornaments and necklaces some of which are made from elephant\u0026#39;s tail. A woman wearing the necklace made from an elephant\u0026#39;s tail signifies that she is married.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SRrY5oYkFjfc0duN4KfPUiJNMIBpaxTBshg_ABnhN2dOmQY1q7rkR4hc87cl_-jHWDWe6VFdXz",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEarrings of old aluminium cooking pots\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a pair of leaf shaped aluminium earrings, which were worn by older women and hung from the helix of the ear.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QDAfIEHC1g3ZLz6baXzNk_lGJgqAjQVFyAFg7OLZKPYK8aHDQLuQnbVztHANAqQgQyosrqWeE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbwor apron\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn intricate beaded apron in red, blue and white, worn by women.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QAxdIgb1w3sCxUNnpmFaup9tq8Hqa6nem4OoHbhlt9mSyJRn9RcfuYgY8wywNL_xW0Vnn53VY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTwo men engaging in a recreational stick fight\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTurkana men made weapons, such as spears, which they used to protect their cattle, and hunt birds and small animals.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RtNDIHZKuKKbAoeiNHiQJp9-X_Nxx2vR01mSsXFq7fUCreoJeEW3-VK5TGVqWnoRPn0cjX",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHunting for food\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis stick was cut from wood of the \u003ci\u003eedome\u003c/i\u003e (\u003ci\u003ecordia ghara\u003c/i\u003e) tree and used by men and boys for throwing at animals and birds. Angles were cut on head to make sharp spikes for killing. It was thrown sideways so that it has a flat irregular rotary motion.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QPKGg-eMIRMAZxJqL-X960I4FN1UANbYA_ImlvUvwMW2-XBgmSBDTWApKudM5L_sEP9ScK9Uus",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWrist knife\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis wrist knife was made from scrap iron by a Turkana blacksmith. It was used by men for cutting meat and as a weapon for fighting when necessary.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SiaOwCBIPxhuDiGQ7wBidFBTbI7UpntT2yGJ9ieEjcg4iw285ExctGNLS6hPhwo4589ZN-Ew",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFinger knife\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMade from a nail three inches long, this type of knife was used for cutting meat or thread, and was commonly found among the Pokot and Turkana.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SUV0hwvMyUGGOuoiWRnZD_1V_MLHka8JVGWOfn8TNkflVGukJ4_nT5l_4xqtkVW17NNOP1Au4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTraditional dance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe women and men are wearing ceremonial costumes made from animal skin and fitted with decorative beads. They are also wearing traditional beaded necklaces and coiled aluminium armbands.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TUywX0j0hYrV7-qDXDYhPAvKR6H9oPd8k6EI0_PliGDK4xCFt51iLtOfEKhbBK4TRdX2xABNBZ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMale dancers\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDepicted in the photo is a group of men preparing to perform a cultural dance.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SZh6dig4ZEMUdmdqyVNU_x5qK_5dLmOchlGDzEMba0CTMuEC_gfDDLkYeOD1HVb-FH9ThdzA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHigh-jumping and dancing\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA group of Turkana men performing a traditional dance, which includes high-jumping.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RWnjb2yeyRlk8j4q5j602dXL40AgrsssC99m1Yih4xQpjqqOYv3nMjVnHa1JSj9I_mputaRyA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSets of leg bells sewn on khaki cloth\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe bells were made by a blacksmith from scrap iron, and used for dancing by both men and women. Worn below the knee, they were used especially at wedding ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SgGxwB_0M6gerHkIFWHtxeL0N9G_IS_v3iiVrP_Tg30VSxhHi0oe6FMqh4tE8LgPgZ9ZSl",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHead ornament\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an ornament used to stick into a mud pack coiffure to hold ostrich feathers. It has a number of deep holes formed of string topped with woven fine copper wire. It was made and used only by men.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QFLhi2jqXxmq9OQqoDOgFy8gkLJgLnorSVwzYfAj45xleg00gUfCqovP59GJX4CjwO3EsaZFnB",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTurkana rituals\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDuring such ceremonies, men usually sit on a headrest or stool in a semi-circular formation preparing to perform a ritual.\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"Celebrating Kenya's Cultural Heritage","The Turkana Community"]],["stella.common.cobject","The Borana Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T-SXDMKguZ-m4Kal6uUQ85gM9KAE3UAXTcVEbkqrNTKPuCiFQR_KHCX6lyXLKuKqTGzigmXQ","/story/jQUhOyf6zN3pIQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"jQUhOyf6zN3pIQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qf9Gd0a30zd6LX-Px1L88-2Wl5grIgDCHblgAGsUe8amcKEwWejRda4FdgVBEpB0MY_uC1gw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Borana migrated from southern Ethiopia to Northern Kenya, where they mainly live in Marsabit and Isiolo Counties.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T1JFKs2lYhhpvehtiSzb6gvnNyVR9ZAUk6R8s2duCEEiRqsRcnQBjDlWRv9IGBuvjUmcN5qRs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTravelling long distances by camel\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCamel seats like this were used by children when the community was travelling long distances.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tx4KU2nR1QQHTVfwAVbP5l3q2rqb72sbJGBxGjfDWT6WXDswyrNbeo1Dimdi0UPZuDXQz7BQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReligious beliefs\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBefore the spread of Islam, the Borana believed in a monotheistic communication through intermediary priests (Qalla). They believed that objects such as trees, springs, and rocks had spirits. Today, some Borana are Muslims while others are Christians.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S7-QrItlc2VDcgAeoidZUCVtHCaJDl33d6TKsO4OQ_oXC_aBvrfPMXmnGdRJ1HojmJ8NmbAg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRespected elders wore white shorts\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a pair of shorts (formerly white in color) made of cotton cloth. It was worn by a respected village elder.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TXEAsbJjy7TTA0UUNzhFWWgmhqeWSr4reWafKf8BTBx7KJbpn4JP-HMy9ZC23lytcJ9swuNA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWomen occupied a senior position\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Borana were polygamous and the eldest wife in every family occupied a senior position. Women had the responsibility to build houses - portable, traditional round grass huts called \u0026#39;dasse\u0026#39; - and relocate from place to place.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TPs1Jb43N_2Wzz5uxU9H6l3uPoqf78rLyzpJlzqfGG2wI5xwaitHK24tLW5pBYnhJLqeXjl0I",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe roles of the men\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Borana boy would start hunting wild animals - elephants, lions, rhinos and buffalos - in his late teens. He would gain special status if he killed an animal. A man who had accomplished many acts of bravery and wisdom had more chances of being chosen as the leader of the age group. A leader was admired and respected by all.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TVCeu-dupuUdcm1_o2Voj2zgtNnIXrxXmrigwEFPlj-YF5lWr1fv4DhbSrijut5LbLa9NcM6UX",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIvory armlets of wealth\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese armlets were worn by men as a sign of the wealth of their cattle herd. A man without cattle was called \u003ci\u003eQolle guutu hiikhan\u003c/i\u003e, “a destitute whose hair is unbraided”.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TVCeu-dupuUdcm1_o2Voj2zgtNnIXrxXmrigwEFPlj-YF5lWr1fv4DhbSrijut5LbLa9NcM6UX",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eDue to this, he would not be able to perform his social obligations, marry, or participate in rituals. In effect he lost his identity as a Borana. A person cannot be Borana by birth alone, since becoming stockless can deny that identity.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RsFwDc1Mp97fToakTG7zaFSeABxWpm86ylWxiLZLTFRdQcKljCL31ynurBlJIAWQTWMU7OntE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarriage the Borana way\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis decorative wall hanging (\u003ci\u003esolala\u003c/i\u003e) was made by the mother of a young man who was about to be married. Once married, he would hang it in his new home.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SLnjKNpRdi0ZtiHDYILL_5ang2ZCCF9sbfSKU5PS_eXjsRlOTpZDoe9N1E0kjUrsBq_DxqljM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA Borana bride\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Borana marriage was preceded by several stages and long negotiations. The girl’s parents would, for example, organize a meeting (\u003ci\u003eKadda\u003c/i\u003e) to examine the conditions of the marriage.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TngBLXtzibHfawebXTIaZt5DDbgVdrC_9UDYW7KuYVtmQuQFmpoIxLONPSzs8aJWXQvWPCmmUG",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMen took care of cattle\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe arrow (\u003ci\u003elawe\u003c/i\u003e) was used to shoot a cow in the neck from a distance when blood was needed for drinking. First, the neck of the cow was tied with leather rope (\u003ci\u003egardi\u003c/i\u003e) then an arrow was shot into the flesh using a bow, going approximately one centimeter deep. The blood was collected in an \u003ci\u003eokhole\u003c/i\u003e and mixed with milk.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R1SrUHgH5XEL63GsKFrW3qoEcfXYBDgq12Y0dRYGXfaTmOUICInH6p8I0rFBrr7Gcn0zQCScA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePloughing the fields\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a plough hook (\u003ci\u003ewagal\u003c/i\u003e) made of iron by a blacksmith. The iron was heated in fire until it was red hot, then hammered into shape. It was used by men to hold the plough stick and metal plough in position.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SoFyrQR2qkOzk_hn4xzLhIOl9VyhmOWphxTs6BR5bFQ4vv8ndLjk7f6kQ-lcZsf4hCTOVUjw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRibs for cutting grass\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese ox ribs (\u003ci\u003echiruacha\u003c/i\u003e) were cut from the left side of the rib cage because they were considered to be sharper than the ones on right side.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SncG47oUAGLNQM7phETtWcTgaCJxD4m5H0m-g1C5kDb7IUk78Ydp5qDZ-aCwSnQhEp-rXEeg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eContainers for storing milk and meat\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese two containers were made from plant reeds and smeared with cow dung to make them air tight and waterproof.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SEkixHFqkU_2f0TZp0L3ZFCsvSOPqEbXJSxWmtfMvxqNyRoC8ZO-6lyPsM3Cd5q2CvfpWylA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGrains storage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eContainer used to store grains. This container is sisal woven and smeared inside. It was placed in a holder to facilitate easy carriage.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RNs2_VMEV3d-BJCP1VhrMe5Vl-qVcfFPvxl3TkkJQVrx005PzyS0_wxdzTWRiZAkdm8cEuhQg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSniffing tobacco\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis container and pouch were used to keep tobacco and soda (\u003ci\u003emagadi\u003c/i\u003e). The tobacco container was made of a horn and partially covered with animal skin. The tobacco pouch was made from goat scrotum.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q4xj2EUZtWPbWWMnQiS7wPntwZCZN4itiYTTnP1UrLSrHtNgYJMFLE75S-zcJ7F8YHkexs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCommunal beer for sharing\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese sieves were made by a blacksmith and used by old men for drinking beer from a communal pot.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RzQiSVIjz4tN6wWMs-MKTYAdpnEKxBpB0CJAV-A_6O6j_jh2jT5r_mhtzFBQuVd14KxPFuuSc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBoard games\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese seeds are from the \u003ci\u003eMuk Sadega\u003c/i\u003e tree and were used by men to play a traditional board game.\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"The Borana Community","Celebrating their rich heritage and culture"]],["stella.common.cobject","The El Molo Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SNPQ9mUjb2ThVf2VRHCyCKkNcMEsaZbv7M3ouDbQwH6RGqF0jlwbByaI2o-wvVJZSm4fValKc","/story/JwWhe7Y5wdpmKQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"JwWhe7Y5wdpmKQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QmtoftJc6Ak2RB-PrZQ5KmplJEUpZI9MQ-xz8GfkUZ8RLMFF951rng8CikOzX0wO_ymVOW2Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExperience the El Molo culture at The Lake Turkana Festival\u003c/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOne of Kenya\u0026#39;s top tourist attractions is the three-day festival, held in June and taking place in Loiyangalani town, Marsabit county.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QN0B4npiRZk8D18hReoM9faTdOfeWNJvicSIPO9r5Rz-rBpbyQ3yLwpWqzuAB4ChFaGIjrhQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration: calling the Turkana Basin home\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe El Molo community are believed to have migrated from Ethiopia to the Turkana Basin around 1000 BC. Today they primarily live around Lake Turkana at El Molo bay.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn unparalleled window into the past\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Turkana Basin is well known for research studies conducted by the National Museum of Kenya. The El Molo have lived around this basin for years and to this day you will find the remains of sacred sites where they worshiped. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe importance and reverence of this sacred place is underscored by the fact that neighboring communities, even in times of conflict, do not desecrate these sites. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere is also a sacred hill, Moite Hill, almost a hundred kilometers away, which is highly significant for their Turkana and Rendille neigbors.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE14bllUc1YxQjlBUEdjNnNyODI2NUZXbzJOTmJqb3V1SmMtRnlI",210.34840631444675,3.2950112965320244,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMxnYTsV1B9APGc6sr8265FWo2NNbjouuJc-FyH\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-3.2950113-ya-162.6516-fo90.02887",null,90.0288730927166,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE14bllUc1YxQjlBUEdjNnNyODI2NUZXbzJOTmJqb3V1SmMtRnlI\u0026sv_f\u003d90.0288730927166\u0026sv_h\u003d210.34840631444675\u0026sv_p\u003d3.2950112965320244",null,13,[10,"AF1QipMxnYTsV1B9APGc6sr8265FWo2NNbjouuJc-FyH"],"SvInfo:4e8d8dad-d874-414b-9120-d12ec20b32f8"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RzIl9_bE4uV4w_9-ClRNHlSJFC1inxk6DyGoriUtLZaqw24_NMaGO-kkYHGRs6vN-eBtmqMmhu",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA good luck charm\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe El Molo traditionally believed in God (Waaq), and wore charms to protect themselves against diseases and misfortune. This leather beaded necklace (ndimu) was believed to bring good luck when worn.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qhk4qEYxhqj-UbrSgklvcPcYdnT7CwjfmggyJ98vz6LCLwxtzcvcv89Kwz-uXHTG19xTS_mQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe family structure: the role of mothers\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally, mothers were not expected to conceive another child until her son was strong enough to fish with a spear, or her daughter was old enough to be able to make a traditional cooking pot.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qs0Lg-d8FRBoaGiZRcV7pcWuSuWdNemNWhhQsxN9TEmeE1lbjyYt5v1V5jJm6kVCQINsG7WfAO",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCircumcision on the day of marriage\u003c/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA girl’s circumcision took place on the day of her marriage, and the occasion was of great importance to the community. Girls would wear a coiled brass wire armlet (surutei) and other types of jewelry before marriage. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Kenya today, female circumcision is illegal and the communities are encouraged to adopt alternative initiation rites which do not involve clitoridectomy.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QkqTeB1xBBkDkoJoWeCYLinvVEuwd0E1KEqYLQmHcZwOWyfGlOW8XwgBybDPEb-clsAWgEjQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFertility doll made of doum palm seeds\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe doll represents the female form and is a fertility symbol. Girls would carry them and hang them in their home to ensure that they would produce many children.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QvTY4ky5xsx7ALqaMrbj73QemRgGyrsHO2k6RHBEZy1rakrBxAw80-IHh0kfxjFhjTSDu5TQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA fishing basket (ochom)\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis fishing basket was made by men, using flexible sticks for its frame and woven with reeds.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QvTY4ky5xsx7ALqaMrbj73QemRgGyrsHO2k6RHBEZy1rakrBxAw80-IHh0kfxjFhjTSDu5TQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eFishermen lowered the trap directly onto a shoal or individual fish to catch them.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T2Bt9DIzN_-mH6drAIhHnc2tRtaN6oeMFlF84-jNWTUV3m7L3P31cMH3hWrio82w7fmpW6cxs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaking fishing nets\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese wooden needles were used to make the fishing nets and baskets with fibres of the Mlala (doum palm) leaves.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QBQybwvDzbvoUS_MGqs_QpWgAVps4hKt86K-Ush8ar8C4fEQDAh7nQrU07iBhE78UJ5kYRCZro",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMowo for catching fishing\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis oryx horn with rope attached was used for killing fish once caught in the net.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SzPh0sYiSQtNQ39Ou1l5lxTpK-pODpVR3kmlLed2LsJJNsxaAjiBXVFaWAAYgWp3Naib3Q7_Y",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA plate made of a turtle shell\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe El Molo also hunted hippopotamus, crocodiles and turtles in order to use their skin for bags, bones for objects and meat to eat.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QN66_HfbKBF2251MIQi2LFkG3nvLONr_YAhPrw4X1s3xB03ADyobqcTk6PN77nqTt1QupeBQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSpoons made of scapula\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese five spoons were made of the scapula of a fish called IJI.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QMVmbr4H03f5F8BMdfk-JPEf-iLyXDNTK8_zhCB42Q4l3-2TTPRPzMopaQURTDZ85uFJwNDv4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSinai for carrying firewood, water, and food\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese two panniers (sinai) were made of doum palm leaf fibre string. Attached to a donkey, they were used to carry firewood, water, and food.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QvGW3TeEz9hiVQkgMLMZyQtFk_3_T2Y5xLtJjp0qTpl4DsbzbLErgqGiNlx9Qs6VLvHxeXLDk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eElal: food baskets\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFood baskets were made from strips of mlala leaves. An awl was used for stitching it together.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QFKz1V8QOlpvZyToOKcVJPgZ5ErNN2AZcMdR4FjIhe7OQRaIKZU2MHAlpZDvvoRVSUk-rlNog",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHandcarved headrest\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA wooden three-legged headrest and stool. It was used by men to sit on during various ceremonies and to rest their heads.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SLBJ5AUCNcLlfGlcclq9B8E6zaMpm1BqdF97E1_fkkuh69f0gGr0ap0L6p5qf1sti1XrSLEII",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMbene goatskin bag\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis goatskin bag (mbene) was used by men to carry personal possessions, money, tobacco and knives.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RIx3rOfpFvnkHDeiTRxEUNN8wNEJfgeye68XSMH56rjGjXZB8AEeOz2Jb-0CRS9k7OdEqN1RI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOstrich egg ornaments and drinking cups\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBesides being used as drinking pots, ostrich eggs were used to create ornaments. The eggshells were placed on a flat stone and gently chipped using a heavy piece of iron. After being chipped to the required size, the rough edges were smoothed on a stone.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SEXQFRD37OEVlLfK7WsucOujVyqaNn2KWVz65LnD6FpoW0Z-Pz6rQncErKPeV_qq4oxwstcQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn ostrich eggshell beaded necklace\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis necklace (kukuti) was made of ostrich eggshell beads, glass beads and doum palm string.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T9ItesF7df7tLjd8NIvEsMl4paSlXhVqKhDNu5m_tJLPzoCChQtXOKp2xwOgCPBOTGBgXUWg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKrawuni earrings worn by women\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese earrings were made of wire, two pearl buttons and red, green, yellow and blue beads.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QZp5ZHRGah3Bzxx7moRuhbeNmahy9K6uIELIxzzcmCm9S-kXjVQKrKpGm3SoRWzJd_EY2u",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA colorful bracelet worn by men and women\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDifferent ornaments were worn by people of different ages, genders and status in the community, and on specific occasions and ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RoJr_4_Kfcyody-wSQy3gq1mobd6kBBiOVLGqNwYicWHO8NM6k1rJyJrJmmD_SwJ3LBLIDLHk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA warrior\u0026#39;s comb\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMade of wood from the sarai tree, this comb was used by warriors.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q4fjESF9lUhrlNTOdLjYyCAhseEJjHrQnmsaRPbSKuH1Tf2WaDZxswYjdJNFT5hLovZPgZbwX7",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSnuff containers\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese snuff containers are made from small wild gourds which grew on the hills. One has orange and blue beads strung on a nylon fishing line, so that the container could be worn around the neck.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Nandi Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T4VLl2NvqzSvmmWassd19ibM0OnE7nBR3wOISx5fmvvIPQSEOYoOPIRjSBSNHMDfhQQPLy","/story/dwWxJw5I_MdmJQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"dwWxJw5I_MdmJQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to the Kalenjin myth of origin, the Nandi were initially part of the Kipsigis while living at Rongai near Nakuru. They migrated due to drought and Maasai invasion to the area. During migration, the group divided into two; the Kipsigis moved south to Kericho, while the Nandi settled at Aldai and are now farmers and cattle keepers in Nandi County.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",0.02742571520273067,35.199213870844005,"CAISFjIwbE9HemJpZDUxY2VYTmc1SzRPX3c\u003d",340.5286266241207,3.5909423984221576,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003d20lOGzbid51ceXNg5K4O_w\u0026heading\u003d-19.471373375879296\u0026pitch\u003d3.5909423984221576\u0026fov\u003d90.0\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dVjeVS1KkDU4nh2y0KX1VOfYBkIQ",null,90,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFjIwbE9HemJpZDUxY2VYTmc1SzRPX3c%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d90.0\u0026sv_h\u003d340.5286266241207\u0026sv_p\u003d3.5909423984221576\u0026sv_lat\u003d0.02742571520273067\u0026sv_lng\u003d35.199213870844005",null,null,[2,"20lOGzbid51ceXNg5K4O_w"],"SvInfo:3d0dd7e9-4a7a-4626-8e69-e67d116de053"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RWCDRYRAOv5-DKug-82DJQtkeSDCRrT_U1BLZR1mppY2nKTUi-7lrE6jTYKytxBCBL7WQ556k",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis farm tool was known as a \u003ci\u003eMokombet\u003c/i\u003e. It was made from an iron blade strung on a wooden handle, and was used for digging and cultivating the farm.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SqMX6Q87tjhRh-_j35zyCJKh44zOL2f71y7-MZNAFvRYzIPMmqRFli-ZUI9xICnGQ6DCqbAg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePastoralism\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese cow bells (\u003ci\u003eTwolio\u003c/i\u003e) were made from scrap metal by a local blacksmith. The metal was heated over burning charcoal and hammered into shape. They would have been hung around a bull\u0026#39;s neck to enable the herdsmen to keep track and locate their herd.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SZf02g8mazZiYCDjgrHKVtsKMMGWOgacJqz5zLVToUPaCi9FHqC49bSQBZq3NLYlGqG1RecMSf",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHoney harvesting\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis large hairy skin bag (\u003ci\u003eLolet\u003c/i\u003e) was sewn from a heifer skin. It would have been used when fetching and carrying honey from the forest. Men often placed and carried this kind of bag on their backs while transporting honey home.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SsBex9izZWBqdUzPi5XBlFSXxY-IsrkKIkSf_OQeWxi7QUHcJ7gL5er-0pz6SeU3erJohiSYot",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHunting\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis spear head was made by a blacksmith using scrap metal, which is heated and beaten into the desired shape. It was then fitted on a long wooden shaft and used by men during ceremonies, hunting wild animals and for defense in case of an attack on the community.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TtImsyYeZ8Oc64tkJlophH4wptoW3H0YyTGpNmKbzW8FX9qS2UJy8eSaTJyOi-zw971ltocqo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWorking in the fields\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis long handled sickle was made from hammered iron and whittled wood. A hole was cut at the top of the handle and the blade hammered in. It was used only by men for chopping wood, cutting grass, millet or any other plants.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q7AyzFtm1EzBIqeZfwxaKTep7WxNVhG1Ryrp2E97f6_S-u-5i1_FcZ2jTGbXdKUniyOswFc1s",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe family\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe family was the basic political unit among the Nandi. A collection of between 20 to 100 homesteads formed a \u003ci\u003ekoret\u003c/i\u003e. A dozen or more \u003ci\u003ekoret\u003c/i\u003e formed a \u003ci\u003epororiet\u003c/i\u003e, a larger political unit that produced men to join military camps. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe \u003ci\u003epororiet\u003c/i\u003e was regulated by the council of elders, where leaders from every \u003ci\u003ekoret\u003c/i\u003e attended. Leaders assumed these positions by virtue of their social status, wealth and personality, and settled disputes through consensus. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Nandi also had a spiritual and military leader called \u003ci\u003eOrkoiyot\u003c/i\u003e, who made security and war decisions.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RRoW3PT2FZXsKtI_JvnFRIJ-C6bPNBobnwCg34RDI5gRgQ0C7aNn5l28LgsnHAb7Au4vNcuw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTaking care of the household\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a milk gourd (\u003ci\u003eKimusarit\u003c/i\u003e) made and used by women to store milk in their houses, and also used to carry milk whenever a woman was moving around with her child.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TvGDFzSKO3SVGf6WhTVy6_0URnc3gt-Ex-6uYMUJSnAP0EkMgItasBYy3xP7qAFQvWj7o5mxs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChild-naming ceremonies\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis beer gourd (\u003ci\u003eMwentet\u003c/i\u003e) was used by elders to serve traditional beer from clay pots during child naming and marriage ceremonies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen a child was born, a \u0026#39;spirit\u0026#39; name would be decided upon and given to it after four days. That name would be related to a particular ancestor. After three months, when weaning, the child would be given a personal name replacing that of their ancestor.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TvlrEQrsIJat-re--QCCVy9pakrxJfdY64FStzNaZQgraD1BQsgBkNKPhBisQSpXkNYzjj3A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCircumcision\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis ceremonial head ornament (\u003ci\u003eNariet\u003c/i\u003e) was made by women from leather, and sewn with beads and cowrie shells. It was worn by young initiates when coming out of seclusion.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Nandi conducted a circumcision ceremony every seven and a half years for both boys and girls. Prior to the operation, boy initiates wore girls\u0026#39; garments and vice versa, in an interesting ritual inversion. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAfter circumcision all initiates went into seclusion, where they were taught their responsibilities. Girls in seclusion wore leather hoods while boys wore grass masks. Boys circumcised at the same time made an age set. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFemale circumcision is no longer permitted in the country, hence alternative initiation practices are now encouraged.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QUgEdQjHfCooQCKFIL-wqHFzpa7xbf6z5daBNnSXFSXNdx06mZKu6D6Yr52twKARDKHKpaBH8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarriage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis single coiled metal bracelet was worn by married women, round the wrist, to show their status. It would have been given to a bride at the time of marriage.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally, marriages were arranged and bride-wealth was paid to the bride\u0026#39;s family. Once married, the man provided a house and a piece of land for his wife or wives to cultivate. Customarily, barrenness was the only reason for a divorce.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RqoNiG4t04KfEqPTTPFcHvugzzN7JhUhVHh_ReOmPUZFEz_NIQX-kNv3zlDQY8Th3LkCwCu9E",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKimnyole Arap Turukat\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKimnyole Arap Turukat was the fourth Nandi \u003ci\u003eOrkoiyot\u003c/i\u003e in the early 1800s. The \u003ci\u003eOrkoiyot\u003c/i\u003e was a spiritual and military leader who was consulted on decisions regarding security particularly the waging of war. Kimnyole is remembered for his powerful prophecies, which forever altered the lives of the Nandi.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHis exact year of birth is unknown, but he was the son of Turukat and father of Koitalel Arap Samoei. At his prime, he stood regal, animal skin draped over one shoulder and a stick in hand. His earlobes extended from the weight of the metallic traditional earrings he wore. The colour of his skin was dark as ebony and the muscles underneath were still taut with youth. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHe was both warrior and leader, commanding fear and respect alike. Kimnyole had two prophecies to his name, the coming of the “white tribe” (the whites) and “the Iron Snake” (the construction of the Kenya Uganda railway).\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SJpsg3e6t2_CBj-ONwOWEWTFBnJ1e4Vv4WjBwMdDx5PjvBnljcObbOKA1mtvmOHbzBWnqI5kg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eDuring his reign, the Nandi were a formidable force, in spite of the many conflicts with the Maasai during the 1870s and 80s. As the Maasai fought against themselves, the Nandi under the leadership of this shrewd \u003ci\u003eOrkoiyot\u003c/i\u003e were observant, eager to exploit the divisions among the Maasai. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWith such a leader, nothing could stand in their way and they were about the wealthiest tribe around, with lots of cattle and captives from their victories.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEven then, Kimnyole’s reign was not without trouble. In the late 80s, rinderpest cattle disease struck the Nandi herds. His people were bitter with him because he had not warned Nandi warriors against capturing rinderpest infected cattle from their raids.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SJpsg3e6t2_CBj-ONwOWEWTFBnJ1e4Vv4WjBwMdDx5PjvBnljcObbOKA1mtvmOHbzBWnqI5kg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eOnly his cattle survived, and that only made the growing hostility against him worse. The salt to this injury was the loss of a large number of Nandi warriors, \u003ci\u003ebororiosiek\u003c/i\u003e, when Kimnyole advised against a joint raid of more warriors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was unheard of for the Nandi to rise up against one of their own, but Kimnyole stood accused by his people. In 1890, Kimnyole was stoned to death because of his prophecies that had caused the Nandi strife. However, some say it is because his prophecy on the Nandi being subdued by the white man upset powerful tribal elders.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAfter his death, his son Koitalel arap Samoei succeeded him, while his brother Kipchomber Arap Koilege became the first \u003ci\u003eOrkoiyot\u003c/i\u003e of the Kipsigis division of the Nandi.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TZ_dNaSeqWeZrV9eX6m9PFCuKHt2kpFmmG4kOrhTq_Il-cb0rZ0XR___8e9p2dW_4jk2uE9yeZ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKoitalel arap Samoei\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKoitalel arap Samoei was born to Kimnyole arap Turukat around 1860. As the last born he was closest to his father, and had a greater ability to understand prophetic signs compared to his three older brothers. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAt the age of 25 he succeeded his father as the \u003ci\u003eOrkoiyot\u003c/i\u003e. Samoei prophesied about a black snake passing through the land of Nandi. Not long after that, the Kenya-Uganda railway came along with the British. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSamoei led a 12-year rebellion against the British for encroaching on their land. Through trickery, he killed by the British Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen, and had his head cut off and taken to Britain. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHe is remembered to date for his great leadership and a monument has been erected in his name.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T2t57z6jScbB3SpPfD6jwUKBYJgKRBI950avEqCRseIXNt-ANLUYePfYMbdLMCf4uM0JUcOvU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProtecting initiates\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a metal neck ring made by a blacksmith and worn round the neck by the new initiates. It was kept in a special place in the house awaiting use by the next initiates. It was seen as a charm for to protect the initiates protection against any evil shortcomings.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TKYFG8THbznni929rKMt2jQMYyzorpgrg2Li_F3wh7iCa5ZQXR4IOYWBOEM78FwAmMjxzFc-kp",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDancing and recreation\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn illustration of a Nandi warrior in his dancing outfit.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q_HlO-ThdyVOcMdGDJh97gN0waW5E4_2o8XhD_wD23iZyfhsY9Naav_R1Ed6BD8Wc0SlJ3",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSnuff\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an ivory snuffbox (\u003ci\u003eKibraut\u003c/i\u003e), made and used by old men for keeping snuff.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R9QKK08F5bLNMgkWsWEcanRMkvfyA7cBNEYngigw9cLONKrhWiBFrTjFtsR7KcB6H6oGgMLg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStraws for drinking beer\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese drinking straws with fibre sieves were made by old men from a plant\u0026#39;s branch, and used by elders to drink traditional beer. A pot containing beer would often be placed in the middle, and the elders would sit around it, each sipping from the pot using these straws. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis communal way of drinking brought people together and encouraged peace. It was said a witch and the elders could not drink from the same pot.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Marakwet Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rg8uaDisskLlD46watwhLwMQYuDOxWJJPFDcVlWP-PhC9bNHNd-pGr_SEq4K8KAA20-VUtuQ","/story/egUBo_oBeo4pJQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"egUBo_oBeo4pJQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RXC3e71kHIkwMOlywZhMlbRwNG-ZNXRs3HhBXeaBUgOhamQYbJH942AXQ5wZf32qgtcdCYPMk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReligion and belief\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Marakwet traditionally believed in a number of supernatural beings. The most important one was \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eAsis\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; (the sun), referred to as \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eChebetip chemataw\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39;, who was associated with blessings and good will. Another god was \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eIlat\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; (god of thunder), who causesd misfortunes like lightning and drought.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RWK3ZgQszSRK7dKpq_nMguL50MklhlmpPsmT0nTkWCa6FuCCk-OtC9iG8W1ewhDHY3CQaad38",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMagic flute\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis magic flute (\u003ci\u003eses\u003c/i\u003e) is made of bamboo from tekan by a special group of old men. The magic flute would be blown only after a misfortune. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Diviner (\u003ci\u003eKipseon\u003c/i\u003e) would blow the flute during sunset to blow away curses of misfortune, believed to be brought about by hyenas and owls.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SeTasgWmZY7BwRpw05fNc4qK0o0SEL8kV8tGvO9J25UnU2r5K0GSdJ4WvB-kFpwPIYSz7W",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBee keeping and honey harvesting\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese sticks, about two feet long, are tied together with a rope obtained from the bark of the \u003ci\u003eSes\u003c/i\u003e plant. They were used by men when extracting honey from beehives. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe sticks would be lit to produce smoke, which chased the bees away so the honey could be extracted.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S_BV34ieuRSk6HtpmUixz_5vKerfQZKAKsxZNahh-ld-S6ZTp6wWRyendawVLvGQAboekcQ2s",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHoney barrel for honey storage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis honey barrel \u003ci\u003etundi\u003c/i\u003e with a lid was made and used by men for storing honey after harvesting.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S2p88IAUNz9k1vvWFSDNYe17Bd167ejHypmZV2_3R59BcDQNFX2lVaV4RFHjiHDEzW7T7q-Y0",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Marakwet clan system\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Marakwet community is composed of seven clans. Members of the community identify themselves with the name of their clan first, then their personal name follows.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SwMHpr86dhs-xAq5MEjsQ8fd4Rv_Ty77qZXK62oTvUYVGeXEVTfYXLR8p5RL08e8pUN-azbQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e The Moi ceremony\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a leather apron (\u003ci\u003esiramoi\u003c/i\u003e) made of goat skin, softened by smearing it with goat fat. It is decorated with reeds, beetle wing (\u003ci\u003echebosal\u003c/i\u003e) and siran (\u003ci\u003edik dik\u003c/i\u003e) hooves. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis apron would have been used specially for a ceremony called Moi, undertaken by girls who were about to be circumcised. The aprons were made by grown women who had already undergone the moi ceremony. They were handed down from mother to daughter.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Kenya today, female circumcision is illegal and the communities are encouraged to adopt alternative initiation rites.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RCIwf_lG9w4nUGRiEWlJFzwk6Hap2-ud340klRro1eDUWKgSiEL01z1wxoNyN48gOlGfaNM0Iv",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e Ceremonial marriage ring\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a hand ring (\u003ci\u003emukurio\u003c/i\u003e) made by a blacksmith from steel iron at Kabelio village (Marakwet).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe iron was heated red hot and beaten on a metal with a hammer. These would be made on request, and given to women at marriage ceremonies. They would wear them on the hand as a ceremonial ring.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SArW6KQZrDy_bMhwNGQC5Ku3Mmk5Q--xqWFd_CZPpmdFMv8H4smvvhvHeNgdAQuvBuXFDwU5E7",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eShield\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Marakwet, the people particularly used shields like this one for protection in times of war. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThey were also used during marriage traditions, where the bridegroom would carry the shield from the bride\u0026#39;s father back to his home. The well dressed bridegroom would lead the way, holding the shield in his right hand while the bride would follow him.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R34syghjoWZ4Tu_LEqzV9IMfdlrg-McNXAwfTqZnbSZfVlvon5PBf0odRyI2Q6vMyGf4Yza30",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChild naming ceremony\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a ritual calabash (\u003ci\u003esotob kot kotoa\u003c/i\u003e) made from a gourd plant. The calabash is cut and water is poured into it. The water is left for one week, after which the contents are removed and cleaned before use. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was traditionally used during children\u0026#39;s naming ceremonies. The calabash would be placed on top of a big awl or burning iron (\u003ci\u003ekolomei\u003c/i\u003e), which was used by the whole clan to name their children. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOnce it was balanced, names would be called out. If the calabash stood balanced on the awl, the child would be named. If not, the names continued to be called out until the calabash stood balanced, responding to the real name of the child.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RbqGTrbjAWhPR_a_9tQALhOcojQioa9rIfJR1kx5ZHQVgyOoa1kpMi2RME2Jlr9ydcU2OYIng",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLeketetwa\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a medicinal root of the Leketetwa tree, said to be effective for treating infertility in women. It was administered together with other medicine by a \u003ci\u003eKipses\u003c/i\u003e (Diviner).\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_StR03vGajTC_9u9OoBIozBUzEzVCktLkXelc-5oveo2rUnqw3MU3BU07b0JUF-SXEM361ocQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLocal brew\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a strainer used to filter local brew. It was made by women by splitting and interweaving the fibres of the \u003ci\u003eTega\u003c/i\u003e (bamboo). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Marakwet elders customarily drank the brew, made of honey, during wedding and child naming ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q_aIN5rltq1yIquTOJi0IPfy8bUwem8cOxBRoxJ6Yja5iVn8bjGNq_cVLZvUOCpe-vOr2Xw0Te",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThese are fruits of the kigelia tree, used for fermenting beer.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Pokot Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SvG2QrFeC3jWJ0McqItBv0NIzhO86pTGOcRl0MlYVDiyBLYtA8Nz4nkIGiYaX8w9NWUaD3","/story/JQUxg3EdG0VMIA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"JQUxg3EdG0VMIA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA view of lake Baringo, Baringo County\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Pokot are part of the Kalenjin community who are highland Nilotes originating from southern Ethiopia. They migrated southward into Kenya as early as 2,000 years ago. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Pokot are economically divided into two groups: pastoral Pokot and agricultural Pokot.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,null,258.90433821002716,8.945893260465851,null,null,null,null,119.75558247045632,"/streetview?sv_f\u003d119.75558247045632\u0026sv_h\u003d258.90433821002716\u0026sv_p\u003d8.945893260465851",null,213,null,"SvInfo:0be97704-5865-443f-8fff-2e355a6d396b"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TP8oMIMo3zsOgkmRhEXTooq-xToON2NXG57vVId96J5x_C44kxrv6mdE1p4p4Qa0QepNX4iws",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReligion and beliefs\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Pokot community traditionally believed the world had two realms, the below and the above. The realm below was the abode of vegetation, people and other creatures. The realm above was the abode of the deities: \u003ci\u003eTororot\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003elat\u003c/i\u003e (rain) and \u003ci\u003eAsis\u003c/i\u003e (sun).\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QjfQAfeY0jFaWMXmg1k91ZilpJsISYf0Gfp2Ieogz9JdBXDg1vtV0W-Udv-8qrHNEJP7L_1CI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYoung Pokot man\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA young Pokot man about to undergo circumcision. The headdress is in the first phase of building up a chignon.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QoYFwDn7pNFNzH_h6e3loFXewIpcQ-hbJnPnAXDZ8V6uqngyFv9-enJHvcJ5ZC3u4hydpReiA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHeaddress for circumcised men\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a thin headdress made from beads and fiber from the \u003ci\u003esokotwo\u003c/i\u003e tree. Circumcised boys would have worn it on their heads, with strings in front, one month after circumcision.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QGM3H_B_FwbqOxlQYdUlzTwlgzgn3Ssd4g5J877keqvPfknpVV3Kxzjx-_MLRkjFUIBCf16rE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYoung Pokot warrior\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA young Pokot warrior shortly after achieving adult status. He is wearing a headdress made of ostrich feather and black fur to denote his status.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R635XdX9X5IibolN0xJVt7orjk4c7i8iQwlbL4fhtm35igHiwizIEXyha9_kxqwvbq_lOzBuM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarried Pokot woman\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Pokot married woman dressed with several strands of beaded necklaces and metallic earrings. Her earrings are attached by a beaded string to hair-clips, and ornamented with bells, which denote her status and number of children.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SuwVkGwF4gNy-0Bq4tofGGoxWGZP8iHBwarVshdVg7sSER2TMsk_Id8u-67ugIPXZh2e7-FbU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWedding cape\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLeopard skin cape used by the groom during a wedding, for jumping dances.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QnZAJKhW3U2qfEBtciLT9b4yltZhOm4fvQqk-Ye5Wjb_wELyNDe1qZ3Zrs30YHCdzvQLHZc48",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBow\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a bleeding bow (\u003ci\u003eliona\u003c/i\u003e) made by men from \u003ci\u003esitet\u003c/i\u003e wood. The bow string is made from cow sinews. It was used by men to shoot stopped arrows when drawing blood from cows and goats.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RSVaZMddiD_BMs4XsYj9pVcaTjz0TIDSU1qOokbofePWVDrf96D2b41itpIIP6RIWNjMCj5WW4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eArrow\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStopped arrow (\u003ci\u003eterema\u003c/i\u003e) used for bleeding animals to draw blood. It was made by a livestock owner. A tourniquet would be put round the animals neck and the arrow shot into the jugular vein from a distance.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SxjH-yd-4U7x7DpFpwoTskax1wLdLKcRAXzPxaPoQ7fE1wdqWtVKczas02Xu3IxJp0PZ1ZsQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAxe for cutting wood\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis axe (\u003ci\u003eoywa\u003c/i\u003e) was made by a blacksmith from a metallic head fitted with a wooden handle. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo make the axe head, the blacksmith would get an iron piece, cut the metal to the desired size and hit it to make the right shape. The handle would be made last. He would make the metal red hot and place it on the heavier part of the handle, making a hole to fix the axe head. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was used for cutting wood, to carve wooden objects such as stools and mortars.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QupR9x-3o4Pta3PDj7vTAc1jsRDfNXt_z23W1pclR3Pw_5IjmJZ5HHZXxZMNH_wAspK2E3OQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaking beehives\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis hive \u003ci\u003e(mogtten)\u003c/i\u003e, was made from a hollowed log by men, and the thatching was usually added to keep out rain. It would be hung on a tree to attract bees. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHoney was used for making beer, eaten as food, used as medicine, or traded.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T032z2kp9hxVPPdOvBWNM82pWdsqlfyo4D-ildYviyJGl5QIdUGOxVkSb68DrDgSKtjBKZYQk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCraftsmen\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Pokot people are skilled craftsmen. Women traditionally weave baskets, work leather, make milk gourds and pots for cooking and water storage. Men traditionally specialize in woodworking, making beehives, headrests, and the handles for spears, knives, and hoes.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R-btCZ2b1LkLgaR4tQdMsIFVEksEB8kPktx_4uyksGURcX2v3UKuPe3m1EIm6bPjRVVbS2nPw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSapana ceremony\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAt around 20 years of age, Pokot men would traditionally undergo the Sapana ceremony. It was a vital rite as the men would get recognized as adults, and hence they were allowed to attend elders meetings (\u003ci\u003ekokwo\u003c/i\u003e) and participate in offering sacrifices (\u003ci\u003ekirket\u003c/i\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qoe_rtXpVwAO5HNfJnN7Qds5mLDjL16ZJXKZtWMUhmJJf19B81ctX4kdbP7QUHVvqz_EeNoys",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHeadband\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA headband worn by women of all ages for beauty. It is made of threads, beads, shells and aluminium coils.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SoS3PvLMPvirJdDvAMiKRn9bhjwhhw-ILW0EzWiyhYp4_-iZlGCzdHiOoNvZGmxrn88zlGxAI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eComb\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA small pronged wire comb covered with beautifully woven wire. The ends are covered with strands of coiled wire, which holds the ostrich feather. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was used for hair dressing and worn on the head as an ornament by young men who would wear a mud-pack hair-do.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TTYKgrqiFt98sFGBT69H-HgC0L603_n3heqy_L3C8E9fICra_qaJ95ece221JmIdDnK-YV",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCeremonial headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHeaddress worn by men during ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R4kA17kOHB73XBNPaqJTcecnTJbGWURAJsLlsrqcZ1FssPlnMH9ryVLLZJARFtv4H0rBDl9akS",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA booming sound\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis simple hollow tube is a musical instrument that makes a booming sound, rather like a \u0026quot;digiridoo\u0026quot;.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was made and played by skilled men on ceremonial occasions as an accompaniment to dancing. The player would blow his cheeks out and produce the same note at regular intervals. He would hold it vertically and blow it down, usually frog jumping round the dancers, honing every time he jumps down.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_THaHF-hjaQYZO-N1jdP6VwXg0LYipIOLSx3c6s3hee_ETksBSLrtVPlEMe6cxtoJW2yRSYzw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLyre\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis lyre is made of wood and the resonator is covered with goat skin. It was made and played by young men in the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003esikuronjo\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; (young men\u0026#39;s hut) to accompany singing.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Raq39Y5qFOVYG8ozuOmuspXoM9ibZP1DWgv5eDbaUsm8QYQhx7dgvD4RJU4ApvH6I-SEWH",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCeremonial pot\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis ceremonial pot (\u003ci\u003etere-ma\u003c/i\u003e) was used during traditional wedding ceremonies. The pot would be put in the middle of the bridegroom\u0026#39;s compound, and the elders would sit around it according to their age-sets.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SUV0hwvMyUGGOuoiWRnZD_1V_MLHka8JVGWOfn8TNkflVGukJ4_nT5l_4xqtkVW17NNOP1Au4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExperience the Pokot culture\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an annual Turkana Tourism and Cultural Festival that takes place at Loiyangalani in Turkana County. This three-day event features traditional dances, performances, a trade fair, and a market. The experience is a unique blend of culture, entertainment and party nights. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn 2008, the National Museums of Kenya established the Desert Museum in Loiyangalani, to preserve and promote the unique cultures of the eight communities living around Lake Turkana region, namely: El Molo, Turkana, Pokot, Rendile, Samburu, Gabbra, Watta and Dassanach.\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"Celebrating the Pokot Community","A unique blend of culture, entertainment and party nights"]],["stella.common.cobject","The Duruma Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R7TgCDoxLJb5LbOfm7NyLZ3-yk42oYq22z61ws91jkhv1vo0vSpoHpkKJOoupt-8BUiHRTmw","/story/6AVh6ut1duyJKQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"6AVh6ut1duyJKQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tm4bG7G_XyaIA7EWa3RTSDW2iXwQb6K7HN5_1aSYVWFCpZl9uT2slctKMTeu476PkFzU90fNn8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWho are the Mijikenda?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mijikenda are a Coastal Bantu community. They inhabit the region from the Tanzania border to the Sabaki and the Umba rivers. ‘Mijikenda’ means nine villages, namely: Giriama, Digo, Duruma, Rabai, Kambe, Chonyi, Jibana, Kauma and Ribe. Each community speaks its own dialect. The Mijikenda originated from Shungwaya, a region in southern Somalia around the 17th century and settled along the coastal hinterlands in fortified villages called ‘kaya’. Today, 11 \u0026#39;makaya\u0026#39; are inscribed into the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Thtbkx0zQKmKWRgF1fLWcV9hluBBHQ8PuLj8pN00ZRvr8xZ6_GQZVRo_M50QB-z6KGtaWhtGI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Duruma migrated from Shungwaya due to the Oromo invasion. They moved from Digi and Kiran before the other Mijikenda communities and settled first at Gogweni before moving to Mwangea where they split into two groups. One of the groups moved up country, while the other went down to the coast south of Mombasa and built Kaya Duruma or Kaya Mwsakara.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RHDq6tuzEsrJjXERQ_m_sa0ZCUKjPNYGOITjZGab4kij8L8wASW1HFSgS_Mwvkiztqj0MNew",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming and trading for a living\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Duruma were subsistence farmers. They grew maize, sorghum, finger millet, cassava, sweet potatoes, peas, beans, and sesame, and at times grew and sold tobacco specifically as a cash crop. As cattle keepers, they also conducted trade in cattle, acting as brokers for the Akamba at Changamwe market.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SNwNrwOzhdBR-4N5uOGJur3c669VDnvY4_jdTHTjBR8Zd_QjYxxUh8jzDd-SzCMIeE0yfLpEo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming tools\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese are sharp iron blades fitted to shafts to make hoes (\u003ci\u003ejembes\u003c/i\u003e). They were used by Duruma farmers to cultivate soil to a depth of several inches, and to remove roots and weeds.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RKmpUSq8aS7IDVhjHbTKZ6_4BXy58YXHpa_vkfNcDD2tOrU9UN8qiXiDVhRWiSNsmgLEMdbm0",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePastoralism and entertainment\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis small flute (\u003ci\u003echivoti\u003c/i\u003e), with four holes was mostly made by men, from \u003ci\u003eMwanzi\u003c/i\u003e wood. A nail was heated red hot and used to burn a hole through the wood. The tree chosen has a soft centre of pith, which could then be pushed out with a stick, and the end plugged up with tree gum. It was played by men and boys for amusement while out herding.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QHcyzY-4pNoEObZ-Ft7hUYb9eEvijuAy5Ivk0OyGIZD-sVgLnDCVRgANFsrQbwBBd50r8xMw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe power of the \u0026#39;Kambi\u0026#39;\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Duruma were traditionally governed by a council of elders, ‘Kambi’, who were responsible for settling disputes, punishing offenders, instituting laws and effecting them. Decisions were made by a majority of the elders sitting. They relied on mystery and secrecy, and demanded community respect. The powers of the \u0026#39;Kambi\u0026#39; were derived from their ability to appease and be listened to by the ancestral spirits.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R6qx0V9AMw9VrUD9iBuNr4Ag0Xryl-RXgGDupG9EhobAFi0OSyb5U59J4nBDyYQnU-CdYzGQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSocial structure\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Duruma have 14 clans and maintained a dual descent system (both matrilineal and patrilineal). Until recently, the Duruma, along with other Mijikenda, observed a practice of age-sets of four years. Land was owned by the clan, and sons inherited land from their fathers. The Duruma circumcised their children before graduating to adulthood, and they conducted celebrations during the birth of a child, after harvest, and at marriages and burials.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QzOCeHE67AJgZHFV4ipz5TTH2p54J-hLAOGiwofx0ZgovjHRk4neO7XOhq2dl_8-msjKvy5g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarm work and livestock management\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis axe head was made by a blacksmith in Kaloleni area and used by men to cut firewood. The Duruma men traditionally took care of families, worked on the farms and managed their domestic animals (cattle, sheep, goats and chicken). Boys helped their fathers with their daily work.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RudF-Z6jQ72wK7ADnL9SB_NJGS5Jnlq0-kSQFFfDboOs5MM1AMXllM7QeuO11dRaOsyicF",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePestle and mortar\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a pestle and mortar which is broken at the top but was still in use. It was made by a Duruma male artisan (\u003ci\u003efundi\u003c/i\u003e). The mortar was made from wood of the \u003ci\u003eBamakofi\u003c/i\u003e tree, and the pestle from the wood of the \u003ci\u003eManga\u003c/i\u003e tree. The trees were cut with an axe or panga and roughed out with an adze, then finished with a knife. It was used by women outside the house for pounding grain, especially maize.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R2hed7aRcXh6VmQZ9Pgzc7FMUqfW7nn55ZCKk2v3kR2_d4Whe3yTKuxO2jk2L51fVnyNoHXQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCoconut shell ladle\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a ladle made from coconut shell and a stick. It was used by women to serve food. The Duruma women traditionally did all household work, assisted by girls, and also did a great deal of the farm work.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SLGNZ3r6iXnwc5lCyOl5pxssAPkpMKbRRVjFl7dwZrJXXovwavxub-tbrbW7KMgqKldHZL0Dw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eClay pot for cooking\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a pot made by a woman potter from clay soil. It was used for cooking.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R_lcWoptaxYnS59fmzP6YdPvfAEphc5ADgEUkAqzpXHoem8vwdkVaKZyFozwxZAhsPlQdr78Y",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReligion and beliefs\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Duruma believed in a supreme being, \u003ci\u003eMulungu\u003c/i\u003e (God) and revered ancestral spirits. Sacrifices were often offered to the ancestors to ward off misfortunes from the family (or community) and cure the sick. Today, some of the Duruma are Muslims while others are Christians.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QZR4hr98bx4c4w8-k366Nzn8GlCsfKhm_hFpH1KjBbDmriu-4HOCAj2-99hwDAfvUcc_I0-Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026#39;Shetani\u0026#39; caused illnesses\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Duruma believed that evil spirits (\u003ci\u003eShetani\u003c/i\u003e) caused illnesses and body aches. This brass anklet was worn by old women to protect them against such spirits. If anyone got ill, he or she would wear the charm and would not get ill again. The anklet was made in \u0026quot;Banga\u0026quot; by a male fundi. It was kept bright by rubbing it with sand and water.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QEQqboYbZ9f_1UUesrMO_acvWyXUAKDqzPQUpnNEy-GZWtBKjlIfavhPt-bAmcj1oOnntWaB0",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCharm against evil spirits\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWristlet used by old women as a charm against \u003ci\u003eShetani\u003c/i\u003e, an evil spirit believed to bring illness and aches all over the body. This charm acted as a shield (\u003ci\u003eNgao\u003c/i\u003e) against such illness.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RGKnmA6Xkn0iurMW0a4Sq4zRlsy2UVI7puPybtrfqY_lPYIam_0e7aseapKvCNAV9fiv3aVA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRoll of aromatic gum, wrapped in banana fibre\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis gum is obtained from the Liangulo community at Kilibasi, where the gum producing \u003ci\u003emutungu\u003c/i\u003e tree is found in plenty. It is used as a medicine, normally mixed with porridge(\u003ci\u003euji\u003c/i\u003e), and taken orally to get rid of worms and stomach ache. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was believed that a great deal of illness was caused by bad blood, therefore a cut would be made on the shoulder, and a cup filled to remove the bad blood. Most people in the Duruma community have a scar on their shoulders as a result of this operation.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TS1UhuEh5Pv4KwYyulrKnj6oxAFNzts3j0dZy2cvZ3As1U6LDPAcDQwyCSfBRJJ_EH8w5Hmg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBracelets for dancing\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese are thick aluminium wire armlets, which were worn by all women on the upper arm (little girls wear small ones). They were worn for any dances and other ceremonies such as marriages.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T5pHjwkpjc6nvXXtL3lFEWyQcb19EnG4D7MjskryahHSibC8uK9fClBLStUFwNzt-JZNaL5UU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAnkle bell for dancing\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn ankle bell used during dances by the Duruma. It was made by and bought from the Digo people.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TdGkNOPkWQ96k0FBmdsDmtyIewkVRe4Yrs9I-UTPS3Fxv0t2lT91_eRN_ugfUmnFg79iBctLk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA tweezer\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis beautifully decorated iron tweezer is made by a giriama craftsman in kaloleni area and used by women for plucking eyelashes for beauty.\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"Duruma Culture: A Celebration of Kenya's Heritage","Explore the rich history and traditions of the Duruma people"]],["stella.common.cobject","The Kipsigis Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S6_YM4cKsM_pmA2flSVZmoCvwhHPXPX-u_3lQUM8_i2DhKiEUsu-MO7H4d1q5BMkDtqKz7CA","/story/hgXhkxnFT7_MKg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"hgXhkxnFT7_MKg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q-EyMVGv3vd_QpueKiPAlV4txPixQK-QVxVs8NuWkndeCZf-pxnozrQu8nO5qCc7CQsuWpCoM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFrom Sudan to the Rift Valley\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kipsigis originated from the South Sudan region, and by the 19th century, they had settled in the Rift Valley. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally they lived in Bomet and Kericho Counties. This terrain is known for its steep ridges, numerous rivers and streams, with hills and grasslands.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TseCZ40qo6EdpUATF1SJiluT5HgNRfA9kkYRGFbcZXwBtKLHwxUPiVB9gjmJ0fL4hTFNo7Z6A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming tool\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis blade (\u003ci\u003emorut\u003c/i\u003e) is made of iron and was used to cultivate the fields.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TIIKyqzaf4fHIbLgAR3avslkhkB1h9NfSntCW4AeDdOA2WZmiZoyzHO83XBjbxL7FqEUVkhQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCattle are kept for food\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strap (\u003ci\u003ekotiek\u003c/i\u003e) is made from dried cow hide and used when bleeding cattle.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QkndebDW-mBVPTMg6TEnQqc0HSgVQLIvnD7uJBNRWiD-Uoeksi1W9VHPvMmqrFGS-DlSd2jA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA symbolic club\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA black wooden club (\u003ci\u003erungut\u003c/i\u003e) carved by men, who used it as a hand stick. It was used for walking around, when addressing a meeting, and as a symbol of authority.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwaaiiVBELrgp9rQe_rwrJ3pjj9Svln99ei3oovAiudnEZqnU3GSQbyVvAaqB61c9JbxYKrI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChildhood to adulthood\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a special ceremonial headdress (\u003ci\u003enariet\u003c/i\u003e) with cowries stitched onto cowhide. It is topped with a circle of bead-decorated leather fringed with goat hair. It was made by a specialist and would have been worn by girls when they emerged from seclusion, following circumcision.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCircumcision was an important rite of passage in the Kipsigis community, marking the transition from childhood to adulthood.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q7IxDQumLHqwQ3T4WhQr__akzzunqoOib6M9bbR2iT2X3jVrLPQYtfcmhMj0NF6feeEB7KQ5Rz",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExogamous marriages\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis headband is made of four strings of beads with aluminium spacers, the beads on the aluminium pendant are suspended by six lengths of brass chains. The headband was made and worn by women and girls, particularly for marriage ceremonies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMarriage was an important custom in Kipsigis society, and they practiced exogamous marriages (marriage outside the social group).\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RzCavjZgR3wjmgoqRqFIT09clWyoj6FOCASL8hsydLepJZnJeTec9QesDC6rv57af1mLTvLYo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRoles of men and women\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese three baskets (\u003ci\u003ekerebet\u003c/i\u003e) were made by women and used for storage of flour and porridge, and to keep food ready for their husbands. Flour was poured into the baskets to conserve it from spoiling. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKipsigis men traditionally built houses, repaired fences, cleared land for cultivation, hunted and took care of livestock, while the women prepared meals, collected water and firewood, tended the gardens, grew small millet and sorghum, and took care of children.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tj9wVnG-BgIlf5_H099ORqjSJC9gXCPy2cAeBN_d2WOuUIVAYyU2wqn6n14GBLY4AnoG1fNg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBelief in magic\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kipsigis revered their ancestral spirits (\u003ci\u003eoik\u003c/i\u003e) and magic. They believed the spirits of the deceased, may either become hyenas or go underground, from where they would re-emerge to torment the living. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThus, when a man was ill, the \u003ci\u003eoik\u003c/i\u003e were usually accused of tricking him into leaving his body. Eleusine grain would be scattered from the man’s bed to the door, through chanting. The \u003ci\u003eoik\u003c/i\u003e were then believed to follow the grain and depart from the body. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIf the spirit was wicked, the services of a magician had to be solicited. The magician was meant to discover the cause of the illness – whether it was a spirit, black magic or a curse cast upon the man.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TXhQubf_lXelfq3DPi4ViO7ckTwxJJrgaUOTBtaTY1C94OZEdrGo9AwmR_848AESQdG-XS",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBad blood caused sickness\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis bleeding horn \u003ci\u003elalek\u003c/i\u003e was made by medicine man and used by all members of the community to cure aches, faintness and sickness. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA cut would be made on the aching part, the horn placed over the cut, and sucked to drain blood until the horn was full. The drained blood (considered bad and the cause of sickness) was then poured on the ground.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T83pEdRjPVNaf7qkmY8YKTeD_T_A2YVtZjIKGmsNJGspL_9HxA8ozJ3nQUNsN3eXCkWqK8DCo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFolklore: the origin of the Kipsigis people\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kalenjin were collectively known as Mnyoot before they separated. They traveled from Tot, their area of origin, and reached Kipsigis hill, where they settled for many years. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThree groups were travelling from the country of Tot around the same time: the Nandi, the Elgeyo and the Kipsigis. When they arrived, they went to Saltlick of Sowe and separated. The Nandi reached Kapkeben, while the Kipsigis reached the Mountain of Kipsigis, and lived there for some years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOne day the Kipsigis moved to Mosore. They stayed for a while, then later moved to Chelemey. They continued to the mountain of Pureti, and lived there for years before moving again to Suswot.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T83pEdRjPVNaf7qkmY8YKTeD_T_A2YVtZjIKGmsNJGspL_9HxA8ozJ3nQUNsN3eXCkWqK8DCo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eOthers joined them – the Maasai, the Kisii and the Luo. These communities were considered a threat, and enemies to the Kipsigis people. The Kipsigis fought them and won. Eventually, they all moved away and took all their cattle. This was a great achievement for the Kipsigis people. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis popular myth was told to every Kipsigis in the past, as part of the tribe’s history, in an attempt to explain the origin of the Kipsigis. Traditionally, folktales and riddles were combined with myths to provide young people with a strong sense of Kipsigis values.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QuT36r_cQc73YVb4kJIEqmF1Q4BJn_rFQEC91qWqPFL2bKsSdN_nLPIugu4LyJ5LxOCiKydA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePleasant flute tunes\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis flute is constructed out of a thick hollow wood, curved into shape using a knife. It consists of five carefully crafted holes, shaped to help direct the passage of air. The shape and design of the flute must accommodate the sound waves moving through air in order to produce notes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYoung men in the community played the flute to create pleasing sounds.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tsf3vpDcMZ6LNBw6_QF37F0eZlEY1C2gNdMcvjW0plCGZIYZAkV1upjT7BJulxJ9C5MyaSvA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA traditional lyre\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis eight wire stringed lyre is covered with cow skin. The resonator is made of an old tin, wood from \u003ci\u003eleldongeiyett\u003c/i\u003e tree and the stings of twisted sinews obtained from the cow\u0026#39;s back. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis musical instrument was used by the community to accompany singing and dance during marriage or circumcision ceremony (named \u003ci\u003eketuba chaburecha\u003c/i\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Bajun Community","National Museums of Kenya","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SMzak4v2T0DpEg1MIIL1D67PTfkhlextRqjmydZLmojbPLqB0Dmdrh0s69WTZrf562tAKYKg","/story/qAVBPBOX66KTIA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"qAVBPBOX66KTIA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Bajun are believed to have migrated from Shungwaya due to conflict with the Cushitic communities, who pushed them from their native land to their current location. They engaged in fishing, farming and trade. The arrival of the Arabs to the Kenyan coast led to the community adopting the Islamic faith.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,null,355.99447228594653,-0.5756994515427039,null,null,null,null,90.04918450586759,"/streetview?sv_f\u003d90.04918450586759\u0026sv_h\u003d355.99447228594653\u0026sv_p\u003d-0.5756994515427039",null,47,null,"SvInfo:89389f99-328f-4a12-962f-b57519a61871"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QIgiEyu-yeUk55hhNFiWjMgLIEy7tjdk8d8CEnx2nj70FOf8LIpWmbe33D3Wx4HnOmYzD4eOQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExperience Bajun culture at the Maulidi and Lamu cultural festivals\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese two festivals are celebrated annually and showcase the rich culture and traditions of the communities inhabiting the coastal region. Some of the highlights to look out for are: camel races, henna painting, boat races, and many more.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R1hKgZ0XSGYSBiwJIQhPtIG6T9T6tDEjeeAtRv82X3_5wsceCkrTFHnOucu_k04n44zA_kYNM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis hoe (\u003ci\u003ejembe\u003c/i\u003e) was used for cultivation. It was made from scrap metal by a blacksmith\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC4LFu6xfa_1CWzR_gfBNSV4OGQYyfM-QiG_cSDvM8yFIBpGmXqm8Ndu5Dj99QZLCNCTXx",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eChayu\u003c/i\u003e is a food weighing scale. The basketry trays were woven by women, while the men carved the scale support using wood from the \u0026quot;Msumbari\u0026quot; tree, and the baskets were attached with a rope made of twisted coconut tree fibre.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R801Wo9oN94SuqC5ctEdJkLRbc622-34b9PqvOjgObLou4IJNcwX8eLTOZnGZybfvWTlD_Cg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMen provided protection to the community\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis horn, \u003ci\u003eZumbe\u003c/i\u003e, would have been blown by an elder to summon people to war. It was inherited by sons from their fathers.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QRm9G0ipj5UAN1pJa6Ri22lV_zVtxAr_01JJR9a9OneeS6qqjDSayjwuAbgeLUw1HZ8WEZxA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is a round deep flat bottomed basket made by men. It was used for carrying farm produce from the shamba.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Te7iIaEQVN2kvkuwpX49Dl6zUdub2HD2IqLG6dIqu-aafpPknEa-NGvJ4j4Kryt1H7UAirfg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWomen prepared meals for the family\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eClay frying pan \u003ci\u003eNyaya\u003c/i\u003e made and used by women for cooking chapati (flat bread). Traditionally the Bajun\u0026#39;s main foods were coconut, fish and rice.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SZ5lC24mnBRf3JOIffgLDEPf0oWUxhttnMEb3PL5pzzp6ISF3rCfZWj34WnIrH7RSLP2NIfw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBread with designs\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a carved wooden paddler (\u003ci\u003eChapaza namu\u003c/i\u003e), used to put designs on bread. It is made by a craftsman from \u003ci\u003emsaji\u003c/i\u003e wood.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TJVZyR3dYl3n2RcnIQO35lzV6sLUtJ6S6bdSgjPxIK3KhbtYHP3AnKb8PIodMySzYYMYEpgf0",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWater collection\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA bucket (Kichapa) made of cowhide with wood frame. It was used to collect water from wells.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RU5GARt-7ZV6CPLoph1bd6Moqnkb_alIXrCJSBz3QAISEIVZ43YNNwS-X40ULM_X_xJ561dQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWater storage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis clay pot was made by a women potter and was used to keep water cold.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TCmjnH6PSbJxuJq2WPJBWq9NIGRjVLx2wsQAjuC_VfBq_99I2AS7qpLUlq0_6lCU9quU5eDR8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCosmetic and spice holder\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis painted wooden pot (\u003ci\u003eKikakasi\u003c/i\u003e) was made by a male \u003ci\u003efundi\u003c/i\u003e (craftsman). It was painted using mangrove and vegetable dye and used by women for storing spices and cosmetics.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SGkox1ytfynCPUrfqZh2IjDun-ay64ZQLGaiswl7tULpGSow-Pgx2AHcF-dNlhxtq6AkEz72Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKiti cha Enzi\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a traditional king\u0026#39;s chair.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RlDtX-yrHlGsHP8tWAhYw9fS0jC52I2jcSB_mo8jA-lncruFg0e8iWqdK598WcV9LIL5MCdQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncense for prayer\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a small, round incense container (\u003ci\u003eUfurama\u003c/i\u003e) made by a craftsman. It was used to keep incense fresh, and to carry it to the mosque for use when praying.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SwT6rTyK_UVEhP98ZkLUh-UZgSSs3fAN5XEFyGw355XUy0y_SIrs1hRmY8WG230IPKZlbiNGY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSiwa\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis musical horn is made of animal horn and wood from \u0026#39;mweza\u0026#39; tree. It is curved using a chisel like tool called \u0026#39;chembeu\u0026#39; and used in a variety of traditional ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q15SuoMJn_uKVlY9rKaTGG3R6jW81hhccdQyvgE33cpIqoXzvn_wmXPQg3G2jnqgX58ojp-Ic",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eItuasi\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis bell is made from cow horn and metal. It was used by the Bajun as a musical instrument to maintain rhythm while dancing to the drumbeats.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]]]],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,5,"TilesRibbon","EditorialSection:33b9486e-0804-445e-8754-46cdd55bc943"],["stella.edit.sect",["The heroes from history","Fighters for their communities’ land, freedom and spiritual well-being",null,null,null,1],50,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","Mashujaa Wetu: Meet Kenya's Superheroes","A journey through over 400 years of history and geography","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qga6UslmmuaeOQ3DUW40HNtn6lmIi6Oy6BqI5DNAb8rGo_CQqi3z8KSi3qOxSL5-JoHf5whw","/asset/mashujaa-celebrate-the-communities-of-kenya/3QGslJbKd_R0kA",21,null,null,null,null,["3QGslJbKd_R0kA",1.7777778,null,null,["//i1.ytimg.com/vi/pu2XisgPOcQ/hqdefault.jpg","pu2XisgPOcQ","Mashujaa! Celebrate the communities of Kenya",null,null,0.5625,0,0],null,null,null,null,null,0],null,[null,null,"Watch the introduction"],null,null,null,"Watch",[2],null,null,null,[1,"3QGslJbKd_R0kA"],null,null,null,null,[1]],["stella.common.cobject","Nayece","The Mother of All Turkanas","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T_B8ZQoeNPkXn_fcLPzGgLYxd9_wjSWjjnVnfei_iWVxW45PG0PS84QjiXJ9jBkTNm1W6vBg","/story/2QXBdspMV12wKQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"2QXBdspMV12wKQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8ftk8Yfc9nY4Ia6mr3308jXbu9huBBOe2Zu_sD5blvgoauBVpT4w5EG5zTry7F78YL54oDRc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNayece: The Mother of All Turkanas\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe story of Nayece, the legendary mother of all Turkana, begins many years ago when a group of eight young men lost a bull. The bull of a specific shade of grey or engiro, was their source of wealth and they could not afford to lose it. The eight young men set out on a journey to find the lost bull.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/RwOgxnQG5twxMg/1603043358919.mp3","Nayece Part I"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8ftk8Yfc9nY4Ia6mr3308jXbu9huBBOe2Zu_sD5blvgoauBVpT4w5EG5zTry7F78YL54oDRc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThey passed through valleys and hills, fought with wild animals on the way, passed through communities who saw them as possible spies sent by their enemies and felt threatened. They endured climate changes from one area to another, from scorching sun to heavy rainfall. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThey travelled eastwards from the country of Jie in Karamoja, tracking the lost bull of a specific shade of grey, engiro.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/agMQCcxCYcSHvQ/1603043391452.mp3","Nayece Part II"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8ftk8Yfc9nY4Ia6mr3308jXbu9huBBOe2Zu_sD5blvgoauBVpT4w5EG5zTry7F78YL54oDRc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eDescending to the escarpment which now serves as the border between Uganda and Kenya, the young men arrived at the headwaters of the Tarash River. They were struck by the beauty of this foreign landscape, where the sand is light, the trees are few and the wind blows freely. They could see where the sun touched the ground and they fell in love with the sun set.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/XAPgHuQxGR5R3A/1603043488400.mp3","Nayece Part III"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8ftk8Yfc9nY4Ia6mr3308jXbu9huBBOe2Zu_sD5blvgoauBVpT4w5EG5zTry7F78YL54oDRc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThere in this foreign land on a hill called Moru Anayece which means \u0026#39;Nayece\u0026#39;s Mountain, they found the bull of a specific shade of grey, engiro, living with Nayece.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/bQNAnF6HlWKUKw/1603043521871.mp3","Nayece Part IV"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8ftk8Yfc9nY4Ia6mr3308jXbu9huBBOe2Zu_sD5blvgoauBVpT4w5EG5zTry7F78YL54oDRc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eNayece, an old woman, had also come from Karamoja to gather wild fruits. She led the young warriors into a lush and verdant valley, unoccupied by people. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe valley was rich in wild berries which even today are an important part of the Turkana diet. She welcomed the young men by showing them around the area, gave the men fire and taught them how to cook.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/pQPwPRF2MkD23g/1603043585168.mp3","Nayece Part V"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8ftk8Yfc9nY4Ia6mr3308jXbu9huBBOe2Zu_sD5blvgoauBVpT4w5EG5zTry7F78YL54oDRc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eImpressed with the area, the young men return to the country of the Jie, to collect additional young men and girls, and to drive herds of livestock back to the Tarash. They decided to remain in the new area permanently, and thus became the Turkana.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/ZwPQpvdYiBo8Rw/1603043645183.mp3","Nayece Part VI"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8ftk8Yfc9nY4Ia6mr3308jXbu9huBBOe2Zu_sD5blvgoauBVpT4w5EG5zTry7F78YL54oDRc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eNayece divided the men into the territorial sections which are the basis of Turkana society today. She became the mother-heroine of the Turkana. Ever since, the Turkana and the Jie have been allies.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/NgOwp7s_HF5Y6w/1603043689124.mp3","Nayece Part VII"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8ftk8Yfc9nY4Ia6mr3308jXbu9huBBOe2Zu_sD5blvgoauBVpT4w5EG5zTry7F78YL54oDRc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNayece\u0026#39;s legacy lives on\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLake Turkana, is located in Turkana County in the Kenyan Rift Valley, in northern Kenya, bordering Ethiopia. Lake Turkana is the world\u0026#39;s largest permanent desert lake and the world\u0026#39;s largest alkaline lake. By volume it is the world\u0026#39;s fourth-largest Salt Lake. The Nile crocodiles are found in great abundance on the flats. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe rocky shores are home to scorpions and carpet vipers. The lake is rich in fish and fishing is very important to the local economy. Lake Turkana has three National parks; Sibiloi National Park which lies on the lake\u0026#39;s eastern shore, Central Island National Park and South Island National Park which lie in the lake. Both are known for their Nile crocodiles. They are now listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Women Builders of Mana","The Great Gabra Women Architects","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RFyygp4K3an3eplEjbRwZU44eidyCNWeep-8_prkJs4FIWJ5eyrxEnECb2rg0UiGnVoqg8Lg","/story/7AVBaa0nrlblIQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"7AVBaa0nrlblIQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RMhgF1Cwq_hXq2F4T-RAEB11vImoyYAOcLRwTWxXo1nLo2bx3yayjFkA7O8XZ9x-dzesAnSw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Gabra Women Builders of the Mana\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Burj Khalifa, the Taj Mahal, the Sydney Opera House and the Mana. What do all of these buildings have in common? Well, they all boast of great architectural prowess and engineering ingenuity. Still, the Mana stands out from the rest because of its superior adaptability to the environment. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mana is so adaptable that it can be dismantled at a moment’s notice and carried along to a new destination! What’s more? The Mana is designed and constructed entirely by women.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/EwOgW7YtDM_ALg/1602696992857.mp3","The Gabbra Women Builders of the Mana (Gabbra community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RMhgF1Cwq_hXq2F4T-RAEB11vImoyYAOcLRwTWxXo1nLo2bx3yayjFkA7O8XZ9x-dzesAnSw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Mana is a traditional Gabra hut. It is the Gabra dwelling unit in which members of a household reside. It is a portable dome-shaped structure about three metres in diameter and can be dismantled at a moment\u0026#39;s notice by skilled Gabra women.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn building the Mana, Gabra women use a framework of poles, firmly fixed about thirty centimetres into the ground and bent at the top to make the roof. They tie thin sticks to these poles, horizontally and at intervals, using cowhide thongs.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/MAOQtEBsnGYJCQ/1602697010424.mp3","The Gabbra Women Builders of the Mana (Gabbra community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RMhgF1Cwq_hXq2F4T-RAEB11vImoyYAOcLRwTWxXo1nLo2bx3yayjFkA7O8XZ9x-dzesAnSw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eOn top of this framework of poles, rests a covering of dasse (sisal mats), ithile (goat or sheep skins) and sometimes old pieces of cloth. These are held in place by ropes which tie everything down. Dried shrubs are used to cover and surround the part of the hut that touches the ground. This helps to ward off sand particles that may be blown in by the wind.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RMhgF1Cwq_hXq2F4T-RAEB11vImoyYAOcLRwTWxXo1nLo2bx3yayjFkA7O8XZ9x-dzesAnSw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eAs is the tradition of the Gabra, the women ensure that all Gabra huts are similar and all have their doors facing the west. The reason for this is to prevent the wind from blowing dust and sand into the houses. The wind blows from east to west.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/jAPwBe9EnDed6g/1602697160584.mp3","The Gabbra Women Builders of the Mana (Gabbra community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RMhgF1Cwq_hXq2F4T-RAEB11vImoyYAOcLRwTWxXo1nLo2bx3yayjFkA7O8XZ9x-dzesAnSw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Gabra live in settlements known as olla or sometimes manyatta. An olla is a unit of huts (Mana) with people who choose to live together. There may or may not be kinship. An Olla does not have a set number of people and the settlements are usually far from one another. During the dry seasons the Mana will concentrate around wells. Most Gabra olla’s change sites after every three or four months in pursuit of good pasture.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mana shows that traditional African architecture was not only full of ingenuity but was also extremely functional in every aspect.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/lQPARbRsaOmfUQ/1602697116357.mp3","The Gabbra Women Builders of the Mana (Gabbra community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RMhgF1Cwq_hXq2F4T-RAEB11vImoyYAOcLRwTWxXo1nLo2bx3yayjFkA7O8XZ9x-dzesAnSw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe legacy of the Gabra lives on\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe great women architects of Gabra had thought of sustainable housing before it became a modern trend. As we face environmental issues like climate change and scarcity of natural resources, the cost of building and maintaining various buildings has become more costly. People are looking at ways to create living spaces that are not harmful to the environment and also save money in the process. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEco-friendly trends and practices in architecture are already being implemented all over the world. These practices save money and the planet.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Muyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassaniy","The Star Swahili Poems","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TXvgucZ8p3fmyMcIygnYCTyE0LPau3jWy0ZfRRVwMomTsj7OQNdjL3dU-her8dPWY2L3o6qA","/story/TgVRbMCRVs7kKQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"TgVRbMCRVs7kKQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QoNJ7tRBHwFe2PapyBFFr9a7bFzfjE7_RipsTi86sJ0vvmzneDN9vYadnrQQnYapsN77iw5f8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMuyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassani: Star Poet of the Swahili\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Kenya, the Swahili people are known for their unmatched skill in poetry, dating centuries back. Sadly some of the earliest authors of secular poems in Kiswahili remain unknown. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHowever, the work of one outstanding poet has been recorded and he is remembered by name: Muyaka bin Haji al-Ghassaniy, born in 1776 in Mombasa on the East African coast.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/hwOgsq36MfYWkg/1604933903007.mp3","Muyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassani: Star Poet of the Swahili"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QoNJ7tRBHwFe2PapyBFFr9a7bFzfjE7_RipsTi86sJ0vvmzneDN9vYadnrQQnYapsN77iw5f8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eHis poetry dates from the first half of the nineteenth century but was recorded in the late 1880s in Swahili-Arabic as well as in Roman transliteration. It describes, criticises and makes fun of topical events, at the time.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/9wPAylOAnXlrnQ/1604933919865.mp3","Muyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassani: Star Poet of the Swahili"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QoNJ7tRBHwFe2PapyBFFr9a7bFzfjE7_RipsTi86sJ0vvmzneDN9vYadnrQQnYapsN77iw5f8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eMuyaka used Kimvita a Swahili dialect commonly spoken in Mombasa. He enjoyed word play and double meanings using a rich and extensive vocabulary, often with archaic words but all the while respecting the dictates of the popular Mashairi verse form.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/eQOg32XYXfSO9A/1604933938034.mp3","Muyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassani: Star Poet of the Swahili"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QoNJ7tRBHwFe2PapyBFFr9a7bFzfjE7_RipsTi86sJ0vvmzneDN9vYadnrQQnYapsN77iw5f8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eMashairi is lyric poetry characterised by strict thematic and stylistic concerns. In Muyaka’s time, any violation could lead to the exclusion of the deviant author from the ranks of accepted poets.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMuyaka is recognised particularly as an outstanding composer of quatrains which were considered the ideal for philosophical and topical themes. A Quatrain is complete in four rhymed lines.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/5QOALGlIsvRW-A/1604933956154.mp3","Muyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassani: Star Poet of the Swahili"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QoNJ7tRBHwFe2PapyBFFr9a7bFzfjE7_RipsTi86sJ0vvmzneDN9vYadnrQQnYapsN77iw5f8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eHowever, Muyaka also experimented with other poetic styles, on topics such as love politics and domestic life. In the last category he used his own experience to write about the challenges posed by marital relationships, especially polygamous ones like his own.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/ggPw7_tY4Em7rg/1604933978895.mp3","Muyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassani: Star Poet of the Swahili"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QoNJ7tRBHwFe2PapyBFFr9a7bFzfjE7_RipsTi86sJ0vvmzneDN9vYadnrQQnYapsN77iw5f8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eMuyaka’s concern with the political situation in the early 19th-century is shown in poems that encourage the Mazrui rulers of Mombasa to oppose the overlordship of the sultan of Muscat, who was then ruler of the city states along the Kenyan coast. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe preface to his collected poems, “Diwani ya Muyaka”, gives us an insight into his dual role as a commentator on his times and a voice of contemporary opinion.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/gwMAoLJPg8EFFg/1604934010255.mp3","Muyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassani: Star Poet of the Swahili"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QoNJ7tRBHwFe2PapyBFFr9a7bFzfjE7_RipsTi86sJ0vvmzneDN9vYadnrQQnYapsN77iw5f8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eOne of Muyaka’s poetic epics “Bao Naligwa” is about a traditional board game called Bao, commonly played in East African communities. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eNalipohiteza Bao, Bao la mti haiba,\u003c/i\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003enali hiishika ngao katikati hajishiba;\u003c/i\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003enikiteza kwa vituo hafunga kwa namu haba\u003c/i\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003endipo nambapo \u0026#39;shurba\u0026#39; oani Bao naligwa!\u003c/i\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMtaji nalohiuta nalihiuta hashiba\u003c/i\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003enami nikaziokota hata hajaza kibaba\u003c/i\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eBaole likatakata msi namu ya akiba\u003c/i\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003endipo nambapo \u0026#39;shurba\u0026#39; oani Bao naligwa!\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/bwPgamhJNaQxIg/1604934041157.mp3","Muyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassani: Star Poet of the Swahili"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QoNJ7tRBHwFe2PapyBFFr9a7bFzfjE7_RipsTi86sJ0vvmzneDN9vYadnrQQnYapsN77iw5f8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe words mtaji, namu and takata are common in the game of Bao and Muyaka uses different interpretations of them in his play on words. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMuyaka bin Haji al-Ghassaniy died in 1840 and is not only remembered for his own poetry but also for the inspiration he has had on contemporary Kiswahili poets.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/ZgPwhp6kQHtKBQ/1604934061041.mp3","Muyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassani: Star Poet of the Swahili"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QoNJ7tRBHwFe2PapyBFFr9a7bFzfjE7_RipsTi86sJ0vvmzneDN9vYadnrQQnYapsN77iw5f8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMuyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassaniy\u0026#39;s legacy lives on\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe East Africa coast supports rich wildlife populations, some which are found nowhere else in the world. In terms of biodiversity, coastal forests in Kenya such as Shimba Hills, Lower Tana River forests, Witu Forest Reserve, Arabuko- Sokoke Forest; Diani Forest and Kaya Ribe, host all globally threatened species occurring along the coastal strip. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe region also has a rich cultural diversity. There are over 1,200 documented cultural and historical sites and monuments at the Coast under the National Museums of Kenya.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Untulo","The El-Molo Sharpshooter","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SGsybijIxy_y8WxYIyT1AV8Qu0ushSUptrfsqizUrgmfPrubl1hnze9yZPyUvvqSuq1SYwxA","/story/RAXR8UXHznkNIw",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"RAXR8UXHznkNIw"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sm54tpi2n55Ao2o4RXLORQmuRBhoiMeYTmhnyUhPlzfoBcu-JrC8pbyUHo9JBfrtvbey2OIw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUntulo: The Sharpshooter of the El-molo\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMany years ago, among the El-molo community, there lived a famous hero called Untulo. Untulo was the most skilful archer in the entire Island of Ilaote. The island had two grand villages, Garas and Palo. Untulo was from the Orgagaito clan in Palo village.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/pwNggecGXtgRsA/1602704981458.mp3","Untulo The Sharpshooter of The Elmolo Part 1"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sm54tpi2n55Ao2o4RXLORQmuRBhoiMeYTmhnyUhPlzfoBcu-JrC8pbyUHo9JBfrtvbey2OIw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe El-molo people, particularly the men, practiced fishing. Every night the men went fishing in the lake surrounding the island and returned to the village at dawn. They enjoyed a happy life. They only had to be careful about crocodiles that lurked in the dark waters and their enemies from the neighbouring Borana community.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe fish the men took home was shared among women and children, the sick and the old. Fishermen who had been injured by crocodiles were the first to receive their share. The community practiced sharing for survival.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/wANwOJNbozJVcQ/1602704938357.mp3","Untulo The Sharpshooter of The Elmolo Part 2"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sm54tpi2n55Ao2o4RXLORQmuRBhoiMeYTmhnyUhPlzfoBcu-JrC8pbyUHo9JBfrtvbey2OIw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eOne evening, Untulo decided to visit his brother in Garas village. While approaching the village, he saw a troop of Borana men. Lo and behold! The men were creeping up the hill and to spy on the El-molo homestead. Garas men would be away the whole night, fishing. The Borana warriors planned to take advantage of the situation and approach the village unseen. Little did they know that Untulo was at the rear watching and following them.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/XgNw6zi7_Nrdcg/1602696592898.mp3","Untulo: The Sharpshooter (El-Molo community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sm54tpi2n55Ao2o4RXLORQmuRBhoiMeYTmhnyUhPlzfoBcu-JrC8pbyUHo9JBfrtvbey2OIw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eUntulo stealthily crept along the bumps, trenches and bushes to get as close as possible to the enemies without being noticed. When he was close enough, he shot poisonous arrows at lightning speed. So shocked were the Borana warriors at the ferocious storm of Untulo’s arrows that those who survived fled for their lives in different directions. Untulo left his hiding place and marched into the field. Dead bodies lay around him. He pulled his arrows out of the bodies and put them back in his quivers.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/QQNQwQeQm1p0ig/1602696727145.mp3","Untulo: The Sharpshooter (El-Molo community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sm54tpi2n55Ao2o4RXLORQmuRBhoiMeYTmhnyUhPlzfoBcu-JrC8pbyUHo9JBfrtvbey2OIw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eDawn came and the fishermen of Garas village walked home joyously with their huge catch of fish. But the mayhem they found frightened them and stopped them in their tracks. Borana corpses were scattered all over the place. The fishermen dropped the fish and ran towards their huts to see if their children and women had been harmed. Their expressions changed from shock to relief when they found them all peacefully asleep.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/1gPwU-E6pVwPaQ/1602696746847.mp3","Untulo: The Sharpshooter (El-Molo community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sm54tpi2n55Ao2o4RXLORQmuRBhoiMeYTmhnyUhPlzfoBcu-JrC8pbyUHo9JBfrtvbey2OIw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe fishermen knew at once that Untulo was the one who had saved the lives of their people. On that day, a banquet was held in honour of Untulo, the sharpshooter. To this day Untulo remains a famous hero among the El-molo community.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/8ANQeMVBoiNmMA/1602696780809.mp3","Untulo: The Sharpshooter (El-Molo community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sm54tpi2n55Ao2o4RXLORQmuRBhoiMeYTmhnyUhPlzfoBcu-JrC8pbyUHo9JBfrtvbey2OIw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUntulo\u0026#39;s legacy lives on\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe El Molo are among Kenya’s smallest ethnic groups. They historically spoke the El Molo language, which is regarded as endangered by UNESCO. The El Molo live along Lake Turkana, the most saline of Africa\u0026#39;s large lakes. Lake Turkana has three National Parks, Sibiloi National Park, the South Island and the Central Island National Parks. They serve as a stopover for migrant waterfowl and are major breeding grounds for the Nile crocodile, hippopotamus and a variety of venomous snakes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Turkana Basin is well known for research studies which include exploration of the Koobi Fora deposits which has been found to be rich in mammalian, mollusc and other fossil remains. Exploration of this basin has contributed more to the understanding of paleo-environments than any other site on the continent.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Hiile Korichir","The Daasanach Peace Ambassador","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QFehMGqsOHSdMjBJp73AAPP_txMD8xl9CskyIBnfWIyfVY37SrAtxYMqbyr59fMCFkyaoO8w","/story/hwWx6UKHD9e-JA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"hwWx6UKHD9e-JA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SuqA7vjrQ88FbEbocg0myPsM5TjtxJ-n5ymXcVPH-Q1i7Y_PcPWmMR2FqvQAMAcbKSjMBqog",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHiile Korichir: The Daasanach Peace Ambassador\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTowards the end of the 19th century, in the midst of fireworks from warring communities, a boy, Hiile Korichir was born. Hiile Korichir was born near Illeret town (somewhere along the border of Kenya and Ethiopia), along the Lower Omo River and on the shores of Lake Turkana.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/LgOA6wP9I7EqHA/1602698210398.mp3","Hiile Korichir: The Peace Ambassador (Daasanach community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SuqA7vjrQ88FbEbocg0myPsM5TjtxJ-n5ymXcVPH-Q1i7Y_PcPWmMR2FqvQAMAcbKSjMBqog",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eFrom his childhood Korichir noted that, while his neighbours, the Gabra and Hammar enjoyed a relatively peaceful co-existence, his community, the Daasanach lived in a state of endless conflict with their neighbours.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs a normal practice among the Daasanach he was a herds boy. He also learnt the community history, customs and traditions through apprenticeship. Korichir was keen on understanding Daasanach culture. And because of his keen and observant nature, his kinsmen knew, even at that early age, that one day he would become an important person among the Daasanach.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/xQOQ_C1PiJ7Wcw/1602698235539.mp3","Hiile Korichir: The Peace Ambassador (Daasanach community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SuqA7vjrQ88FbEbocg0myPsM5TjtxJ-n5ymXcVPH-Q1i7Y_PcPWmMR2FqvQAMAcbKSjMBqog",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eKorichir was baffled by the never-ending conflict between his people the Daasanach and their neighbouring communities. For the Daasanach, the Gabra were considered their major enemy tribe. The conflicts were caused by competition over resources. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFurther, differences in language and culture between the Daasanach and their neighbours made them stand out and contributed to enmity manifested by frequent incidences of cattle rustling. Over time these neighbouring communities developed a deeply entrenched history of hatred and fighting.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/IQOQqvbuvXZoFg/1602698256683.mp3","Hiile Korichir: The Peace Ambassador (Daasanach community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SuqA7vjrQ88FbEbocg0myPsM5TjtxJ-n5ymXcVPH-Q1i7Y_PcPWmMR2FqvQAMAcbKSjMBqog",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eAt the height of these raids and warfare, a generation of young warriors from each community was wiped out. Korichir decided enough was enough! He met up with elders and convinced them to agree to make peace. He devised peace ceremonies which included several meetings and ritual sacrifices between the three communities. During these rituals, spears, bows and arrows were buried as a symbol of peace. The three communities agreed that whoever broke the peace agreement would be cursed. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHiile Korichir is a shujaa among the Daasanach.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/kQOw6EAajNqxCg/1602698320816.mp3","Hiile Korichir: The Peace Ambassador (Daasanach community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SuqA7vjrQ88FbEbocg0myPsM5TjtxJ-n5ymXcVPH-Q1i7Y_PcPWmMR2FqvQAMAcbKSjMBqog",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHiile Korichir\u0026#39;s legacy lives on\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Omo River, also known as the Omo-Bottego River is in southern Ethiopia and is the largest Ethiopian river apart from the Nile Basin. Its course is entirely contained within the boundaries of Ethiopia, and it empties into Lake Turkana on the border with Kenya. This river is the principal water source of the Turkana Basin.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Kote Golo","The Sakuye Supreme Commander","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rhx4dBhkx1w8V0wXW6fAM53KN-ay1CqTJht8utGjjwq23nCrPhVUzki-txTyTgndQ3K7xLrG4","/story/wAVxW7C6-LCKKQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"wAVxW7C6-LCKKQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TYxNSVvoxUfW6qg9DrlWixK6sC69qHiQfgQJ606Bd2Omldj1W6hzvojIIV62ZzrN9f7bgKu0Zd",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKote Golo: The Story of the Supreme Sakuye Commander\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKote Golo was born in the late 19th century near the present day Dabel, on the Kenya-Ethiopia border. Like other boys, he tended to his father’s camels and occasionally helped his family in subsistence farming.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/0wMgIoIJrS80Jw/1602698855413.mp3","Kote Golo: Supreme Commander (Sakuye community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TYxNSVvoxUfW6qg9DrlWixK6sC69qHiQfgQJ606Bd2Omldj1W6hzvojIIV62ZzrN9f7bgKu0Zd",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eGolo married several wives and had many children some of whom are alive today. Golo was wealthy and a surprisingly skilled artist. Golo’s creative nature placed him above others in all matters. He enjoyed carving and made all his utensils and attire accessories out of wood. In his time, he was the best carpenter. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHe was a warrior par-excellence, and an innovative and strategic leader in war. Stories are told of his legendary exploits in leading the Sakuye community into war. He led in resisting attacks on his community’s livestock by raiding communities like Gabra, Daasanach, and Borana. He was brave enough to be a lone soldier.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/yAPAznB3RTWVRQ/1602698875013.mp3","Kote Golo: Supreme Commander (Sakuye community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TYxNSVvoxUfW6qg9DrlWixK6sC69qHiQfgQJ606Bd2Omldj1W6hzvojIIV62ZzrN9f7bgKu0Zd",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eDuring his youth and early adulthood, the East African region was engulfed in several conflicts. There was conflict between the Oromo and the Somali people as well as a conflict between Britain and Italy which played out in the region.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/aQOQmoFJ8gdKNQ/1602698892584.mp3","Kote Golo: Supreme Commander (Sakuye community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TYxNSVvoxUfW6qg9DrlWixK6sC69qHiQfgQJ606Bd2Omldj1W6hzvojIIV62ZzrN9f7bgKu0Zd",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eKote Golo learnt early in life that disagreements about land boundaries could cause wars even between brothers. Italy occupied the Welwel (Walwal) oasis in the early 1930s, and launched a full-scale invasion of the Ogaden from Somali land in 1935. Kote noted that the following year, 1936, Ethiopia and the Ogaden, were proclaimed to be part of Italian East Africa. Although Ethiopia was liberated with the help of Free French and British forces in 1941, the Ogaden remained under British administration until 1948. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWith no demarcated borders, Kote Golo knew there would be division of Oromo and Somali who were living in Ogaden, into the three states of Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia. The seed for war had been sown! The lessons he learnt during the Ogaden war played a huge role in making him an excellent warrior.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/AwMAubJHnevPlw/1602749793967.mp3","Kote Golo: The Story of the Supreme Sakuye Commander"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TYxNSVvoxUfW6qg9DrlWixK6sC69qHiQfgQJ606Bd2Omldj1W6hzvojIIV62ZzrN9f7bgKu0Zd",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eHe fought in many battles against the invasion of Somali and Oromo armies, supported by the Soviet Union and Cuba during the Ogaden war, to ensure that his people were safe and the land of the Sakuye was not snatched. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs he fought to save his people, Kote Golo sustained many wounds. He suffered the long term effects of these wounds but still lived to die of old age. Kote Golo is forever remembered by the Sakuye community for his bravery.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/MANQO5nEIX6p_A/1602747133285.mp3","Kote Golo Part 5"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TYxNSVvoxUfW6qg9DrlWixK6sC69qHiQfgQJ606Bd2Omldj1W6hzvojIIV62ZzrN9f7bgKu0Zd",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKote Golo\u0026#39;s legacy lives on\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Sakuye are semi-nomadic Oromo people living in Marsabit and Isiolo counties, Eastern Province Kenya. Isiolo is outstanding with an impressive landscape and ranges of hills. It is a treasure unknown to many. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Merti Plateau, the Lorian Swamp, and The Gotu Falls are among Isiolo’s great scenery. The Gotu Falls has underground springs toward its western side which are believed to have the cleanest water for human consumption. The Gotu Falls is an iconic attraction for local tourists and travellers.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Farmers of The Desert","The Burji Farmers of The Desert","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RZ731kg8kKtjSWniu5yD6EuAy21GMHg3IOa8YCcpQhiwCddSFhazY9T4k-seOth-YyOSbJzg","/story/GwWxLDJUezlLIA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"GwWxLDJUezlLIA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QUgu314OTw2YkWwSdIP4lYnFbsKAZJmMZInrh_cmlRvePhrwr7KfBWwMDmQZs6x2fDKE8xgOE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Burji Farmers of the Desert: The Expert Agriculturalist\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA long time ago, in the 16th Century, Burji and their cousins Borana and Konso lived happily in Liban in Southern Ethiopia. Because of the close bond that existed between them they are sometimes spoken of as “the three brothers” or “companions in fate”. Together, they carried out an annual sacrifice for the well-being of the land. The cousins took turns to provide a sheep for the purpose. They prepared their sacrificial sheep in advance, by preserving it in a special place for it to fatten.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/2AOAuU81UcoaDA/1602699876723.mp3","Farmers of The Desert: The Expert Agriculturalist (Burji community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QUgu314OTw2YkWwSdIP4lYnFbsKAZJmMZInrh_cmlRvePhrwr7KfBWwMDmQZs6x2fDKE8xgOE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eOne day, during the Borana’s turn to provide the sacrificial sheep, the Konso did something that would change the relationship between the three cousins forever. The night before the sacrifice took place, the Konso stole the Borana’s special sheep, ate it, and threw the bones in front of the Burji\u0026#39;s door. This made it look like the Burji had stolen the sheep.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/wwNgO5lRuctC6A/1602699895123.mp3","Farmers of The Desert: The Expert Agriculturalist (Burji community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QUgu314OTw2YkWwSdIP4lYnFbsKAZJmMZInrh_cmlRvePhrwr7KfBWwMDmQZs6x2fDKE8xgOE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe next day the annual sacrificial ceremony did not take place; instead a joint meeting was called to investigate the theft. The Burji did not come to the meeting because he was the Liban elder and also because he had a clear conscience. The affair grew into a serious conflict and finally, the angry Borana drove the Burji and Konso out of Liban. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBefore they were driven out, however, important spiritual ceremonies had to be done under the Gada order, whose origins were in Liban. They each declared separate activities for their clan’s survival. They then set off to their new settlements in different areas of what is today referred to as northern Kenya.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/wgNwxzEvDScjBA/1602699914440.mp3","Farmers of The Desert: The Expert Agriculturalist (Burji community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QUgu314OTw2YkWwSdIP4lYnFbsKAZJmMZInrh_cmlRvePhrwr7KfBWwMDmQZs6x2fDKE8xgOE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Burji swore to be farmers, to feed the Borana who had chased them away from Liban, with grains of life. From Liban, they carried with them African Moringa and various species of sorghum. They settled in Boohee Burji and perfected their love for agriculture, and became expert farmers. To date the Burji are highly regarded as agricultural experts famous for their skills and ability to farm the arid lands.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/OgNg5NpAK6dv0w/1602699933576.mp3","Farmers of The Desert: The Expert Agriculturalist (Burji community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QUgu314OTw2YkWwSdIP4lYnFbsKAZJmMZInrh_cmlRvePhrwr7KfBWwMDmQZs6x2fDKE8xgOE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe legacy of the Burji Farmers lives on\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGood agriculture is paramount to the survival of humankind. The Burji are referred to as expert farmers due to their skills in farming arid land. As climate change leads to lower and more erratic rainfall, many farmers can learn from the Burji who have already developed ways of farming that are effective in the arid lands. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGood agriculture is paramount to the survival of humankind. The Burji are referred to as expert farmers due to their skills in farming arid land. \u003cbr\u003eFarmers hold the backbone of the agricultural system. For a country to progress, the gross domestic product should be reasonable and agriculture is one of the important parts. Without food, there is no life.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe agricultural system can only survive if crops are planted and harvested. Good farming also reduces the risk of harmful contamination of agricultural produce. Good farmers follow best practices for reducing microbial contamination to ensure that the food they sell to the public will not cause harm or illness for consumers.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Loolel Kookoi","Loolel Kookoi:The Great Turkana Warrior","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q0iE3nm8-LSjZ7rdtLVCMHOzCSLa91F7Xj5PLWUPG4U_LlAcYMRnbfOh_9VdUGnyrO183dLA","/story/twWRBlbj0iuiLA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"twWRBlbj0iuiLA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYhpbkNwL1N9xUWtuF0zQuqYa-JCYCGuhtk89Sqc96yGNcuclpsY10RUJU8dTvr0snWaDWYA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLoolel Kookoi: The Great Turkana Commander\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Turkana community’s contribution to Kenya’s independence is immeasurable and unequalled, but unfortunately, this fact has never been fully recognised.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/SwMg-XUnrkixxg/1606144697477.mp3","Loolel Kookoi: The Great Turkana Commander"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYhpbkNwL1N9xUWtuF0zQuqYa-JCYCGuhtk89Sqc96yGNcuclpsY10RUJU8dTvr0snWaDWYA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eBefore the nineteenth century, the Turkana had a large army and commanded such great respect among their pastoral neighbours that they always provided the Paramount Chief of the region. Their army was tailored for pastoral raids and predatory expansion, well suited to the social and physical environment of the semi-arid region of northern Kenya.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOne of their most fabled leaders was Loolel Kookoi.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/kgMgeR6N9YRkAA/1606144716221.mp3","Loolel Kookoi: The Great Turkana Commander"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYhpbkNwL1N9xUWtuF0zQuqYa-JCYCGuhtk89Sqc96yGNcuclpsY10RUJU8dTvr0snWaDWYA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eHe was born in the late 1880s near Kokuro on the banks of the Lomogol River and showed leadership skills from a very early age. Through apprenticeship he acquired the knowledge to become a diviner and medicine man.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/lAMgFPUu3Yx4lg/1606144733645.mp3","Loolel Kookoi: The Great Turkana Commander"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYhpbkNwL1N9xUWtuF0zQuqYa-JCYCGuhtk89Sqc96yGNcuclpsY10RUJU8dTvr0snWaDWYA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eHe had great role models; before him there had been the charismatic example of Lokerio and Lokorijam, who had given the Turkana a renewed sense of identity, pegged to military prowess. Kookoi grew up to become a hardened fighter and respected medicine man. With these qualities he was able to unite all the Turkana.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/xwNgrGcUq5TQdg/1606144753017.mp3","Loolel Kookoi: The Great Turkana Commander"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYhpbkNwL1N9xUWtuF0zQuqYa-JCYCGuhtk89Sqc96yGNcuclpsY10RUJU8dTvr0snWaDWYA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eHis greatest test came with the British colonial army’s entry into the North of Turkana. This happened at a time when the Turkana people were experiencing divisive rivalries between their diviner-cum-military leaders. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKookoi decided to take the initiative in order to assert his own authority and to galvanise Turkana resistance to British intrusion. He was aided in this ambition by his equally warlike friends and age mates, Nathura and Ebei, as fellow commanders.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/EQPwR1HIIdpRmw/1606144774523.mp3","Loolel Kookoi: The Great Turkana Commander"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYhpbkNwL1N9xUWtuF0zQuqYa-JCYCGuhtk89Sqc96yGNcuclpsY10RUJU8dTvr0snWaDWYA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Turkana army campaigns of 1910 to 1917 saw the emergence of one of the most fearsome fighting forces in the land, known as the Ng’iruru. In time, the word Ng’iruru came to describe courageous and well-trained opponents to British rule who were highly dependable when forming military expeditions. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBy the end of 1917, Kookoi was able to mobilize as many as 5,000 men to defend the Lomogol River which was crucial to British strategic ambitions.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/IQNwqR3F8b_xQQ/1606144796409.mp3","Loolel Kookoi: The Great Turkana Commander"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYhpbkNwL1N9xUWtuF0zQuqYa-JCYCGuhtk89Sqc96yGNcuclpsY10RUJU8dTvr0snWaDWYA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eBritish campaigns were routinely resisted by Kookoi’s fighters. This forced the British to launch one of the largest punitive attacks against an indigenous people in 1918. Meant to neutralize Turkana military power, once and for all.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/IwPQl8IN_H4Q3A/1606144816777.mp3","Loolel Kookoi: The Great Turkana Commander"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYhpbkNwL1N9xUWtuF0zQuqYa-JCYCGuhtk89Sqc96yGNcuclpsY10RUJU8dTvr0snWaDWYA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eA combined force of around 5000 troops drawn from Sudan, the King’s African Rifles, joined by fighters from groups antagonistic to the Turkana, launched an operation that led to deaths, confiscation of livestock and the scattering of Turkanas to places like Samburu, Isiolo, Marsabit, Laikipia, Cherengany and other areas in northern Kenya and beyond.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/NQPw7ks1nuy3XQ/1606144838004.mp3","Loolel Kookoi: The Great Turkana Commander"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYhpbkNwL1N9xUWtuF0zQuqYa-JCYCGuhtk89Sqc96yGNcuclpsY10RUJU8dTvr0snWaDWYA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eVowing not to surrender, Kookoi was forcefully arrested by British soldiers, chained and marched to a prison on the Kenyan coast, either on Kismayu or Manda Islands. Loolel Kookoi was never to be seen again yet his example remains etched in the collective mind.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/KgMA3y9gve8_Lw/1606144904163.mp3","Loolel Kookoi: The Great Turkana Commander"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYhpbkNwL1N9xUWtuF0zQuqYa-JCYCGuhtk89Sqc96yGNcuclpsY10RUJU8dTvr0snWaDWYA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLowalel Kookoi\u0026#39;s legacy lives on\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWater is essential for our planet. It is vital for people and Water is essential for our planet. It is vital for people and wildlife – it needs careful management because there’s not always enough to go around. Like Loolel Kookoi we should be relentless to save what is important to our well-being. Turkana County is famed for Lake Turkana, the world\u0026#39;s largest permanent desert lake. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe lake is also the world\u0026#39;s largest alkaline lake. The lake is rich in fish and is a source of sustenance and economic wellbeing to the local community. It is important to take measures to ensure that our lakes and water bodies remain to serve future generations.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Wayyuu Banoo","The Waata Father of Hunting","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RgRL_OWKKWcjOvjjlTobufrLarb2sG1kDKwhUVjtieJRRxBbCe3l-XFlzixpZrzkpz3eRh","/story/uwVBw7pK1GLTLQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"uwVBw7pK1GLTLQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RUVAJ5vYRbQnZxjwaGfZMMEotqEZy7PLhxE99KrOslojP1ejiAZMSqRF06aRMaqq8S_OxAqw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWayyuu Banoo: The Father of Hunting among the Waata\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Waata are Oromo-speaking people who live mainly beside the Tana River in Lamu District of Kenya. According to Waata legend, there lived a rich ancestor called Wayyuu Banoo who offended Waaqa, the Oromo Sky-God, in the course of a traditional board game.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/AAOQsXP7TPVjrA/1604937017236.mp3","Wayyuu Banoo: The Father of Hunting among the Waata"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RUVAJ5vYRbQnZxjwaGfZMMEotqEZy7PLhxE99KrOslojP1ejiAZMSqRF06aRMaqq8S_OxAqw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe myth explains how Wayyuu Banoo, a rich livestock owner, challenged a visiting stranger to a contest of wealth while the game was in progress. The stranger, who was none other than Waaqa or God himself, punished Wayyuu for his arrogance by totally wiping out his herds except for one billy goat.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/OQOA4h7crdhF4Q/1604937034132.mp3","Wayyuu Banoo: The Father of Hunting among the Waata"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RUVAJ5vYRbQnZxjwaGfZMMEotqEZy7PLhxE99KrOslojP1ejiAZMSqRF06aRMaqq8S_OxAqw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eWhen Wayyuu Banoo realised his mistake, he asked for Waaqa\u0026#39;s forgiveness and help. Waaqa not only forgave Wayyuu but he also bestowed on him the skill needed to fashion a bow and an arrow and also to make poison for the arrow. He then instructed Wayyuu Banoo to sacrifice the remaining billy goat.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/kQMQESgf-bEDmQ/1604937049680.mp3","Wayyuu Banoo: The Father of Hunting among the Waata"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RUVAJ5vYRbQnZxjwaGfZMMEotqEZy7PLhxE99KrOslojP1ejiAZMSqRF06aRMaqq8S_OxAqw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eWayyuu became the father of the hunting tradition of the Waata. They consider hunting a divine gift, whose values they continue to transmit to the younger generation through these symbolic means.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RUVAJ5vYRbQnZxjwaGfZMMEotqEZy7PLhxE99KrOslojP1ejiAZMSqRF06aRMaqq8S_OxAqw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eAccording to myth, Waaqa, in compensation, gifted all Bineensa or wild animals to the Waata as their exclusive property. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Waata commemorate this event annually by sacrificing a billy goat and performing songs and dances in honour of the elephant and other animals that they once hunted. They consider hunting a divine gift, whose values they continue to transmit to the younger generation through these lingering ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/4gNgzxz9sx_8eA/1604937176363.mp3","Wayyuu Banoo: The Father of Hunting among the Waata"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RUVAJ5vYRbQnZxjwaGfZMMEotqEZy7PLhxE99KrOslojP1ejiAZMSqRF06aRMaqq8S_OxAqw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eWayyuu Banoo, the founder of the Waata and creator of their hunting tradition is also credited with establishing the Qaalluu or shaman dynasty. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Qaalluu play an indispensable role in all life cycle and transition ceremonies among the Oromo people including the Borana and the Gabbra, and are always rewarded with special parts of sacrificed animals. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAll these innovations are owed to Wayuu Banoo whose legacy endures.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/RgMgDkj0bCoTUA/1604937196859.mp3","Wayyuu Banoo: The Father of Hunting among the Waata"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RUVAJ5vYRbQnZxjwaGfZMMEotqEZy7PLhxE99KrOslojP1ejiAZMSqRF06aRMaqq8S_OxAqw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWayyuu Banoo\u0026#39;s legacy lives on\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Tana River Delta is an Important Bird Area (IBA) and a Global Biodiversity Hotspot. The Tana Delta is also part of the Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa. It’s ecosystem is thus of global importance in biodiversity conservation.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Ajuran Sultanate","The Royals from Somali","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S4Rk8vCyUNrTZzN3H4VQReqzY6ZH9snwU-22eaKYxVyu9x99a4CZOgp0TfYh-pt6VX6zuMyQ","/story/OQWhyZdnB5BSKA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"OQWhyZdnB5BSKA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QrJlWIZENXW3rb_c45_7RaJZl9JJMXK4hikx_18mwOCDn3ecsMysrtANSNN2uSvQIJHRS_5HU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAjuran Sultanate of the Somali\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the midst of the vast Somali expanse in the 13th century, a great empire dwelt upon the land. Canals crisscrossed the Shebelle and the Juba rivers and the land was lush with crops. They were a marvel of hydraulic engineering like the land of the Pharaoh’s before them. For miles around, this great kingdom was the best, and the only empire in Africa that had bent rivers to its will.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QrJlWIZENXW3rb_c45_7RaJZl9JJMXK4hikx_18mwOCDn3ecsMysrtANSNN2uSvQIJHRS_5HU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eComplementing its canals, were wells and cisterns that are still in use even to this day. With a centralized system of government, the Sultans at the helm and a strong military, not even the Oromo from the west and the Portuguese from the east could measure up to its might. This, was the Ajuran Dynasty.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QrJlWIZENXW3rb_c45_7RaJZl9JJMXK4hikx_18mwOCDn3ecsMysrtANSNN2uSvQIJHRS_5HU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eAt the peak of the European age of exploration, the European superpower, Portugal, was perhaps the most determined to test the strength of the Ajurans. Their conquest begun with the city-states of Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwa, Lamu and Pate. Some they plundered others they torched.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QrJlWIZENXW3rb_c45_7RaJZl9JJMXK4hikx_18mwOCDn3ecsMysrtANSNN2uSvQIJHRS_5HU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe overzealous Tristao da Cunha went as far as daring the Ajuran Empire itself in the battle of Barawa but the resistance was too stiff and the defenses too strong. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Somalis from the Ajuran Empire fought fiercely and defeated the Portuguese with Tristao fleeing to nurse his injuries in the Socotra islands.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QrJlWIZENXW3rb_c45_7RaJZl9JJMXK4hikx_18mwOCDn3ecsMysrtANSNN2uSvQIJHRS_5HU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Portuguese were not the type to take defeat easily. Tristao wanted to mount another attack on Mogadishu, the Ajuran capital and richest city in Africa. However, the Portuguese thought it a foolish idea to attack the Ajuran stronghold and advised against it. With that Tristao backed down and left the Ajurans in peace.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QrJlWIZENXW3rb_c45_7RaJZl9JJMXK4hikx_18mwOCDn3ecsMysrtANSNN2uSvQIJHRS_5HU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThat was not the end of the Portuguese attempts on the Ajurans. Joao de Sepuvelda led a Portuguese battalion and tried to get into Mogadishu via the sea in what was the battle of Benadir. The Ajuran Navy too defeated him before he even reached the shores of Mogadishu.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QrJlWIZENXW3rb_c45_7RaJZl9JJMXK4hikx_18mwOCDn3ecsMysrtANSNN2uSvQIJHRS_5HU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eBy the 1580’s some of the coastal cities were already under Portuguese oppression. The Ajurans, a kind hearted people as they were, sympathized with the Swahili and Arabs living in those cities and called for help from the Turkish for a joint force against the Portuguese. Mir Ali Bey responded with his fleet and drove the Portuguese out of Pate, Mombasa and Kilwa.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QrJlWIZENXW3rb_c45_7RaJZl9JJMXK4hikx_18mwOCDn3ecsMysrtANSNN2uSvQIJHRS_5HU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Portuguese also drew reinforcements from India and forced the Ajuran’s into defense. They avoided Mogadishu nonetheless, even after managing to retake the cities under their control. In the end, the Portuguese were overpowered for good.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QrJlWIZENXW3rb_c45_7RaJZl9JJMXK4hikx_18mwOCDn3ecsMysrtANSNN2uSvQIJHRS_5HU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eIn the 17th century, the expanding Oromo nation of Ethiopia reached the Southern Somali coast. At the same time, the Ajuran Empire was at the height of its power. The Garen rulers of the Ajuran Empire carried out military conquests known as Gaal Madow Wars against the Oromo warriors, converting whoever was captured into Islam. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe defeated Oromo had no option but to migrate elsewhere. No story on mighty empires of Africa can be complete without the mention of the Ajuran Empire.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QrJlWIZENXW3rb_c45_7RaJZl9JJMXK4hikx_18mwOCDn3ecsMysrtANSNN2uSvQIJHRS_5HU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eConservation message\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen the lands of the Shebelle and Juba rivers were lush with crops, water flowed from Mount Kenya, feeding the rivers flowing north and east. There were trees growing all over the landscape. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eToday the drylands do not produce as much, because water is used for farming and livestock before it reaches the drylands. Trees have been cut for charcoal. The use of water has to be regulated to meet the needs of both upstream and downstream users.\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"Ajuran Empire: A Mighty African Empire","Ajuran Empire's Hydraulic Engineering and Military Might"]],["stella.common.cobject","Mpunyati Lesepen","The Great Samburu Astrologer","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QisOoZCZ7m8uzQ-HP5v-glhmPTkYqUqzOvEdjFo5B9gkcGvo8b5PFH8BwXaxOVExJPjzu5","/story/eQXRkNLZcV7iLQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"eQXRkNLZcV7iLQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QJADJ6GNnLQB-IC6d9IhqAAFeBW_GdxGCwGpm52EVxwxxrZgBGOKQeq4YLh3mc6QL-0awz",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMpunyati Lesepen: The Great Astrologer of the Samburu\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMany years ago, legend has it that one Sof Omar emigrated from the land of the Borana into that of the Samburu whereupon he took the new name of Mpunyati Lesepen. He was the founder of a long line of astrologers which survives to this day.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/7APQzHyDitBApw/1604933676091.mp3","Mpunyati Lesepen: The Great Astrologer of the Samburu"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QJADJ6GNnLQB-IC6d9IhqAAFeBW_GdxGCwGpm52EVxwxxrZgBGOKQeq4YLh3mc6QL-0awz",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eMpunyati Lesepen, was initiated into the Lmarikon, an age-set whose members were initiated around 1879.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/UwNAeT1xTcKvWw/1604933693331.mp3","Mpunyati Lesepen: The Great Astrologer of the Samburu"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QJADJ6GNnLQB-IC6d9IhqAAFeBW_GdxGCwGpm52EVxwxxrZgBGOKQeq4YLh3mc6QL-0awz",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eMpunyati was very close to Nkai meaning ‘God’ with whom he was able to communicate directly, by reading the stars in order to pass on Nkai’s messages to the Samburu people.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/NgPgKdGRQzywuA/1604933709606.mp3","Mpunyati Lesepen: The Great Astrologer of the Samburu"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QJADJ6GNnLQB-IC6d9IhqAAFeBW_GdxGCwGpm52EVxwxxrZgBGOKQeq4YLh3mc6QL-0awz",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eWhile he was dreaming in his sleep, he could see visions of the past, present and future. At other times, these visions were brought about by using objects for divination or through intoxication. Consequently, Mpunyati was able to warn of droughts, pestilence and impending disease or war.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/igPwB77BuKjl-Q/1604933728883.mp3","Mpunyati Lesepen: The Great Astrologer of the Samburu"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QJADJ6GNnLQB-IC6d9IhqAAFeBW_GdxGCwGpm52EVxwxxrZgBGOKQeq4YLh3mc6QL-0awz",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eMpunyati also possessed divination gourds (or cattle horns) called nkidong from which he could cast divination stones. Mpunyati had secret knowledge to prepare ntasim powerful, mystical medicines which could be used to treat afflictions such as infertility, blindness, insanity, and the death of livestock.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/wAPQfgYT21DOeg/1604933747670.mp3","Mpunyati Lesepen: The Great Astrologer of the Samburu"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QJADJ6GNnLQB-IC6d9IhqAAFeBW_GdxGCwGpm52EVxwxxrZgBGOKQeq4YLh3mc6QL-0awz",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eIn succeeding years, successive Lesepen were, therefore, called upon to protect warriors with ntasim before they went into battle.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMpunyati Lesepen had a son, Lokulume Lesepen, another great Samburu astrologer who lived in Ng’iro. 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Kenya"],null,[null,null,"Listen",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:f3f76699-a200-4d10-b467-e4b2d5d4794d","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qa3tKc-bCCpQg_uQ3b69WeaI4qLFeb3x3kDSxUgf1DoZdiISliuCu7rAu78bQp5GgUQaq6Fg","LZg_2RttO_B2e0-x0Uy7Mi1hDys",[0.4905705,0.2693833,0,1.1148531,0.44603574],null,null,null,[2900,4101]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[1,"owHBXprsNLdnNw"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"]]]],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,9,"CardsRibbon","EditorialSection:a4615f92-ec4a-4117-8df4-1eed58ac9465"],["stella.edit.sect",["Which Kenyan superhero are you?",null,null,null,null,1],41,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","Discover Your Super Alter-Ego","Find out who your super alter-ego would be","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TZkbJwPme_f_m-knlYZWR_Hw4_BRk8RgIJWDZrJZaakLGQjGhnQVa2oAud8UWpkoYdCzk9","/story/UgWRblaz6Xw9vA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null,"Take the quiz",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:70b4dacb-676d-4198-84ea-2e88f30722f6","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TZkbJwPme_f_m-knlYZWR_Hw4_BRk8RgIJWDZrJZaakLGQjGhnQVa2oAud8UWpkoYdCzk9","2c0OOqKmyFAGQsf94XgHlBDmdL0",[0.50087106,0.28076744,0,0.9925407,0.40124783],null,null,null,[1920,2715]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"UgWRblaz6Xw9vA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TnaockO0gg3XeJIGTYNXvpGvSZDFQm_hkab5P3DPmjLa9PBPsrDoxcPADoT8KbPhWt9LDyiFU","Welcome to the quiz",[null,"\u003cp\u003eTo find out which Kenyan superhero you are, follow the questions and click on the answer you think best suits you...\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QoDSa_wn1lWKM1fHWXu7DqTy_RCXx6ggVQMuQvg0iUZrBSLFZh22cryi29Dn2NaBsSK4EZO0s","Do you prefer...",[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"/story/cgUR1KCBOmWQcg\"\u003edancing\u003c/a\u003e or \u003ca href\u003d\"/story/mwWhXcK7a5YQJQ\"\u003eplaying the drums\u003c/a\u003e?\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]]]],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,10,"SmallBanner","EditorialSection:dadfcd6b-ab2a-4e1f-97be-3c91e225683b"],["stella.edit.sect",["The sound of a community","Learn more about the different musical traditions across Kenya",null,null,null,1],53,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","Music in the Isukha Community","Explore the traditional music celebrations of the Isukha community","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S3iQo5cHSI44VXkcyzxCJIugAGLOC9K8ojarMxD4KDTvi_Cskg4iArbozORw9mV7WI2twyeA","/story/cgUxiOiEOZ8QwA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"cgUxiOiEOZ8QwA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"],[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TdRUu4sh-LHlL1NAFAj6DCyOuubu1C32NqJ5es553liGlKkAiQMv79Pc52kmlWN72vVO2_l8E","Meet the Isukha",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Isukha (also referred to as Abaisukha) are a sub-community of the larger Luhya (Abaluyia) community in Kenya. They are well known across the country for their traditional Isukuti dance, which is performed by both the Ishukha people and their close relatives the Idakho.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RyEL95MFZdGzcFgTEjabME_JjT16nPiLUGlxB6arn8r8QjYWx9EynftU_vf2yCA29tIanelw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eIt is a rapid dance accompanied by drumming of the isukuti drums, from which the dance drives its name. Both men and women participate in this dance, usually led by a soloist.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tu3L555EWfVbdRIzda27bazRDAv51PDLBiPzalZNTg4m3NOee3e1mSJ8qtl2E-O_4yS9TCgtw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe dance is now popular amongst the entire Abaluyia community, and is inscribed by UNESCO in the world heritage list.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q7E7M2DOpL1NLNH47yA_lPPKgtTX8dSbQwEbau-V173wZ9lDplaPQaXd50loXeef-MpUEWzkBs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis one-stringed instrument (\u003ci\u003eShiriri\u003c/i\u003e or fiddle) is made of wood from the \u003ci\u003emukorani\u003c/i\u003e tree. The resonator is covered with cowhide. It was made and played by men to accompany singing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Music in the Luo Community","Discover the traditional music and instruments of the Luo people","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T-zV80VVdDf5dFQYI1yzPofoNkpnPXO_pMdEsjBNOu6r4sE3QgleMqZGQxEAw0YJrMP-eqXdc","/story/fwXRYLwJvmPlAQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"fwXRYLwJvmPlAQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"],[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tr2-OlM6-TBVH_iztfNja5VwGL1xmVaV0LjsSqghTHz7bDgGMbhPc6asdL7jmdz6jcCEnVuA","Meet the Luo",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Luo are the fourth largest ethnic group in Kenya, and are particularly known for their musical skills and instruments. The Luo have unique traditional music that plays a functional role in their lives. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q82lkEHDOdd-ojnYpro0Fn4gWJMRtrizBUodIhsdt3nJkkl7KKAwG4T3gWNUktcHObMFWyIg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Luo play music at all important events. During funerals, Luo music is played to pay tribute to the deceased as well as consoling the family. Traditionally, diviners and medicine men also used music to invoke rain, chase away evil spirits and heal the sick.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_ROT1qlZD-BpykiXOAzu4Fjf2lxU5y-aNjGTX_at8DtaH6wgXorR1ZAtYbxCWUdIDF9Rmhj",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eTraditional musical instruments include drums, rattles, horns, the Abu and stringed instruments like the Nyatiti.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QwkydvUNbjMPVEFs9VLR7pE2pY5sUOKavyZ7UbX-l3S6xPIcM-v4QvBUx_NdxcfQBbwbiK6is","The Abu",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Abu is a traditional Luo musical instrument, made of several gourds stuck together using beeswax, and tied with the bark of the \u0026#39;powo\u0026#39; (grewia) tree. The Abu was traditionally made and blown by men, producing a deep, loud sound for entertainment during important ceremonies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TLAVkHYTzFSpYwNcchrW-qS9OMyySUdyFlOeNNtR8Rr9QLAMm2ux6Ubw9rVltBjKV8su8C_go","The Nyatiti",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis eight stringed musical instrument is locally known as \u0026#39;Nyatiti\u0026#39;. It is a plucked bowl yoke lute, which was traditionally played for entertainment.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QvB0e1tZyPLslcxtCJq06NFGkLx9Q0pz9sPNjMP-z8SoAiO54oi77KNaKvKq0_Qyg5s2yl58Y","Fly whisk",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis fly whisk was made from an animal\u0026#39;s tail and fitted with a wooden handle. It was used by women during traditional song and dance ceremonies. It was also used by diviners to send off bad spirits, and in other instances it was used to bless people.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tk49Oq-fqZ2DuQjeLxBzOii40-OSrSc3j72VnBoXScGtoyJXsuocsqPAiFicXs2wXUGbLGydE","The fiddle",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis fiddle is a musical instrument made from a tin covered with leather skin and tied with a wire. It was played by men to produce melodic sounds.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Music in the Turkana Community","Discover the traditional costumes and dances of Turkana ceremonies","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S90vxqT3guwXse5sYWnpg14pB7SGmuvyqxSQN_oYD65zEfyQ8d3o_zwh_uUhsFNIKRF_OEyQ","/story/yQWxkUwa0rXLXg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," ",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:f11619ff-5488-41b8-a020-cc52cea602ef","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S90vxqT3guwXse5sYWnpg14pB7SGmuvyqxSQN_oYD65zEfyQ8d3o_zwh_uUhsFNIKRF_OEyQ","4mTLk71l3RPyEdNHGr_I3Ko1sHk",[0.44666177,0.36264932,0,0.8896168,0.72529864],null,null,null,[3008,2000]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"yQWxkUwa0rXLXg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"],[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QmtoftJc6Ak2RB-PrZQ5KmplJEUpZI9MQ-xz8GfkUZ8RLMFF951rng8CikOzX0wO_ymVOW2Q","Meet the Turkana",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Turkana are one of the largest nomadic communities in Kenya, traditionally located around Lake Turkana. They are known for their basket weaving and the annual Lake Turkana Cultural Festival, which showcases the community\u0026#39;s traditional ceremonial dances and costumes.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SUV0hwvMyUGGOuoiWRnZD_1V_MLHka8JVGWOfn8TNkflVGukJ4_nT5l_4xqtkVW17NNOP1Au4","Traditional dance",[null,"\u003cp\u003eTurkana women and men perform traditional dances wearing ceremonial costumes like these, made from animal skin and fitted with decorative beads. Here they are also wearing traditional beaded necklaces and coiled aluminium armbands. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TUywX0j0hYrV7-qDXDYhPAvKR6H9oPd8k6EI0_PliGDK4xCFt51iLtOfEKhbBK4TRdX2xABNBZ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThese men in traditional costume are preparing to perform a cultural dance.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SZh6dig4ZEMUdmdqyVNU_x5qK_5dLmOchlGDzEMba0CTMuEC_gfDDLkYeOD1HVb-FH9ThdzA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eLike other Kenyan communities, the Turkana are known for their traditional high-jumping dance, during which men jump as high as they can.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RWnjb2yeyRlk8j4q5j602dXL40AgrsssC99m1Yih4xQpjqqOYv3nMjVnHa1JSj9I_mputaRyA","Leg bells",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThese leg bells were made by a blacksmith from scrap iron sewn onto khaki cloth, and used for dancing by both men and women. Worn below the knee, they were used especially at wedding ceremonies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SgGxwB_0M6gerHkIFWHtxeL0N9G_IS_v3iiVrP_Tg30VSxhHi0oe6FMqh4tE8LgPgZ9ZSl","Head ornament",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is an ornament used to stick into a mud pack coiffure to hold ostrich feathers. It has a number of deep holes formed of string topped with woven fine copper wire. It was made and used only by men.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q_KqJ3DXzWX3YK0P5A_M6vZYmgskzs4TGfilXGJHQMFxgkNKZBJ9wCdmRATRAFVu5_puTK0CW3","Ceremonial seating",[null,"\u003cp\u003eDuring Turkana ceremonies, men usually sit on a headrest or stool in a semi-circular formation to perform traditional rituals.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Music in the Pokomo Community","The community's lullaby inspired the Kenyan national anthem","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TeUgCOx8rZVhEL7a1QHsjxqF5KOnlow_j3_dJWri_GoUGfBh1F4x5q9qA_aWWPtP-aePeAcA","/story/qgUxMAUwhJfM6A",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"qgUxMAUwhJfM6A"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"],[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QcveVF56yZepcaoI-CSnRWEXhLvCKozND57kJX4RRLO_3ONkBKHuJYo8lNg7kT6l-H1sVPbA","Meet the Pokomo",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Pokomo are a coastal Bantu community, closely related to the Waswahili and Mijikenda communities of the coast. The Pokomo people traditionally use music to celebrate their harvests, fishing, hunting, weddings, circumcisions, and births.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SF6Bmb9LMj-ic5T1KmhHtwbPlCZUPr3WkS0xhnf1RCtprpyZoN5-TtY8DfgGtviFHPh2fp4A","Traditional musical instruments",[null,"\u003cp\u003eWood and string are the main materials used to make this musical instrument, (\u0026#39;Gita\u0026#39;). It is played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb or fingernails of the right or left hand.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QaJPJLpM6azLXwLoib4apGaNfmqgyuamsDmE7zHpEUZZQ1lykJwwHSr6KsI1gPmvq21xa_",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is a drum (\u003ci\u003eMaribe\u003c/i\u003e), made of wood from the \u003ci\u003eMakuyu\u003c/i\u003e tree. It is played only by bachelors, and is used for young people to dance to.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TUYY_CxToje33DTswr23LQhloVsrI8bCe7-StKAp1wBx_rj3fBVGjN9rsCZpX0dzV_ZV2dE2o","Kenya's national anthem",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Kenyan national anthem was borrowed from a Pokomo lullaby, which was composed by Mzee Menza Morowa Galana of Makere village. Mzee Menza died on 12 November 2015 at age 96.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Music in the Kikuyu Community","Explore Kikuyu song and dance, an essential element of this community's cultural heritage","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SBhVlId1FLLc7VgU6HzXBeapMXg3vYdO_tfefojGLKaWGPVOUKf1oCCru5dgY7zcjLx9lP_w","/story/3wWxL9RxKggMpw",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"3wWxL9RxKggMpw"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"],[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RSVCXvfduDnCUfoaXYgjMGBwDSB8NMf_DUcvuTnh0XuzmaCSD6JPkMLU48UHAdDghiAxCyyA","Meet the Kikuyu",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Kikuyu are a community found around the slopes of Mount Kenya. Like many Kenyan communities, they traditionally celebrated ceremonial occasions – such as weddings, initiations, and the birth of new member into the family – by singing and dancing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlrIMotuLsU3gP1qzDyCXrgZlIVJz3OvlKg2Ukoq-x71DQIEXr0v5_57lneq9hU5uwsxvc","Musical instruments",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Kikuyu did not have many musical instruments because most of their songs and dances did not require elaborate accompaniment. The main instruments were the drums (\u003ci\u003ekihembe\u003c/i\u003e), small rattles (\u003ci\u003enjingiri\u003c/i\u003e), large rattles (\u003ci\u003ekigamba\u003c/i\u003e), horn (\u003ci\u003ecoro\u003c/i\u003e), and flute (\u003ci\u003emuturiru\u003c/i\u003e).\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QIVCQckgIzOF79yEdueYr5lqfH-6e94EXvl3eVFkL0G5eT4S7NA-QDcxeXVC1sbRPxMtEcG9E","Wandindi",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe fiddle (\u003ci\u003ewandindi\u003c/i\u003e) was usually played by someone who specialized in playing the musical instrument. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RYgek2tdqR3Lyd01lGVG7dPD-chAV6J9W7-dSn7y9y3Q41KZTz_n1XRqnJ8Flfe2_RGfx6WFk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eOne such musician would go round the countryside playing the \u003ci\u003ewandindi\u003c/i\u003e and singing in markets and at dances. A small bow with a string of sisal (\u003ci\u003emuthage\u003c/i\u003e) was used to play it.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q_MEyY0t4bUs1f7kQIgNo7EnpRxoh5E5r9Q5AaU-H_AphqbY8AfJbOrcbxM3WwwvniomjNdwA","Kigamba",[null,"\u003cp\u003eLarge rattles (\u003ci\u003ekigamba\u003c/i\u003e) were made by blacksmiths, and worn by travelers and dancers just below the knee during special occasions, such as war dances, initiation ceremonies and other ceremonial dances.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TOMx75nFsmTN_T2GmsdtNJxwMOEwi1uDuixBuKFmAJ6jRxMLLzfAIeH1x3GNe1CXJYj-NP5L4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis large leg rattle was made with four long bells on each, sewn on a thick pad of leather. It was worn by older men for dancing as a sort of musical instrument, and was made by a blacksmith from iron sand. Nowadays, such bells are made from scrap iron and ball bearings.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"The Kikuyu Community","A Kenyan Community with a Rich Culture"]]]],null,null,null,1,"music",null,null,null,11,"Accordion","EditorialSection:71d7bcc1-4942-44a3-96b4-f12dda2e73c9"],["stella.edit.sect",null,28,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","\"We have been living through a cultural re-awakening in Nairobi. It’s beautiful to hear new genres such as Kenyan alt-R\u0026B, gengetone, and debe take over the airwaves.\"","- Muthoni Drummer Queen","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RY2rDKbYpRw0HjE_772aS1-sOOqTcqlbQCqetpzQomTgAOa9kKpyMXfA5ptQABx_6SQPuF","/story/2gXhRHXA3WMhiA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null,null,null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:b962fef7-c202-4a2a-94b2-8d5a16d0d775","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RY2rDKbYpRw0HjE_772aS1-sOOqTcqlbQCqetpzQomTgAOa9kKpyMXfA5ptQABx_6SQPuF","HLm_JnINlojOUa6Y70QOm6BeQ5A",[0.49674556,0.4852808,0,1.1004413,0.89496833],null,null,null,[5472,3648]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"2gXhRHXA3WMhiA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QqsR9B39wITNLMLg5eAzajdh8I9tL-1etTgKUiGXaXzempSa0SCKE4zyOPm2wQmQyAnnFaoVo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://www.mdqmusic.com/\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eMuthoni Drummer Queen\u003c/a\u003e is an inspirational force in Kenya\u0026#39;s music scene. She fuses African drums, hip-hop, reggae/dancehall, and neo-soul/blues to create powerful music that explores her experiences growing up in Nairobi and the spaces that women occupy in the city. We spoke to Muthoni to explore Kenya\u0026#39;s creative community and the advice that the Drummer Queen would give to other aspiring female creatives: \u0026quot;Work hard and work even smarter. Dream big and go get it!\u0026quot;\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sni2w5n3XrMhYPOT2RPfu1hQHVExRxajCO2jI7juk-HDLg4w6xb_ipE4svGD_nwUjBt4vF-g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u0026quot;I think there has been real progress within the Kenyan music scene with regards to how we as a society view it, and the space that women occupy in it\u0026quot; – Muthoni Drummer Queen\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S31JfGoia1gyl1q_0Gh9Ko6JUqa8IsNAJsc8VaSJDDOuBCr7naxxxooBQKwwKSZqujJ-WDUA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u0026quot;I hope to inspire women to listen to themselves, trust their own intuition, forge their own path\u0026quot; – Muthoni Drummer Queen\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"Muthoni Drummer Queen: A Kenyan Feminist Musician on the Rise","The Drummer Queen talks about her music, feminism, and the Kenyan creative scene"]]]],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,12,"Quotes","EditorialSection:1c6a4e81-b51b-47a2-9c54-16f21b18274f"],["stella.edit.sect",["The movers and shakers","Roots, rhythms, and records",null,null,null,1],41,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","A Musical Journey Through Kenya","Feel the heartbeat of a nation","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Twpby3QE_uMgmvDgSBxwRgDhinSWQMz4MFdYflhIjszm4ifw-V-Z4qaB5mBCxAMqL10QE4FQ","/asset/a-journey-through-kenya-musa-omusi/ygHGUP5aK8TtQQ",21,null,null,null,null,["ygHGUP5aK8TtQQ",1.7777778,null,null,["//i3.ytimg.com/vi/zrOp8pyDRZA/hqdefault.jpg","zrOp8pyDRZA","A Journey Through Kenya",null,null,0.5625,0,0],null,null,null,null,null,0],null,[null,null,"Watch"],null,null,null,"Watch the video",[2],null,null,null,[1,"ygHGUP5aK8TtQQ"],null,null,null,null,[1]]]],null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,13,"SmallBanner","EditorialSection:23266a0f-98de-48f9-acc8-d79027414aa9"],["stella.edit.sect",null,8,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","The Role of Music and Dance in Kenyan Communities","Experiencing life through music and dance","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_REqnG7xjNFgM3JrKkhH0freIgZw1c8g7fhyN7WB8z3JRs7kzeR0lynVPnf9ikVTjTX2OaHhQ","/story/jAUxH4oqBai8IQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null,"Dance"],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"jAUxH4oqBai8IQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RenMoT_U1qb8MYcsA3LnUXgLACAmS-e5l3hPAzPbJs0aXJ0jtiOzHe4MA3qcG_kyABDVdhOUw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe role of music in Kenyan communities\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditional music in Kenya is more than a form of artistic expression. Traditional music was mostly passed down orally in the past, accompanied by instruments and costumes which played an important role in traditional dances.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QcveVF56yZepcaoI-CSnRWEXhLvCKozND57kJX4RRLO_3ONkBKHuJYo8lNg7kT6l-H1sVPbA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eDancers wore masks and carried shields, swords and other objects to enhance music and communicate to both the living and their ancestors. Among the Maa speaking communities, song has always played a large role in ceremonial life. This is still the case. One of the best known Maasai ceremonial songs is the \u003ci\u003eEngilakinoto\u003c/i\u003e, sung after a successful lion hunt.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TartHp7nQNCIGtrMG_EwYGfVemNcIleal3NCvaVo_lZlCUqstW_Cj0huHxf7a52KXoTFAZUw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe evolution of traditional music\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAfrican music has undergone frequent and decisive changes throughout the centuries. What is termed traditional music today is very different from African music in former times. In the past, tunes and rhythms were not rigidly linked to specific ethnic groups. Through migrations, different ethnic groups borrowed musical styles and instruments, while individual groups\u0026#39; creativity and style continued to play an important role in the evolution of music.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SjqBe_2DgVMXqmwFiD2eonEqEb0Qh2LQEERtxERx5kz4gZ1TGuR9JwtnA1CyOS-GM2mgeY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eTraditional African music includes songs and dances that have been performed by custom over a long period, through several generations, as a form of worship, ritual and entertainment. Traditional music, mostly classified as folk songs, is historically ancient, rich and diverse, with different regions and nations of Africa having many distinct musical traditions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditional music in Kenya can be categorised into groups: Lullabies, initiation, children’s songs, marriage and burial dirges, hero praises, preparing the land, planting and harvesting, criticism and condemnation, among others.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TdRUu4sh-LHlL1NAFAj6DCyOuubu1C32NqJ5es553liGlKkAiQMv79Pc52kmlWN72vVO2_l8E",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMusical instruments\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere is an enormous variety of traditional musical instruments in Africa. The most frequently used were percussion instruments, especially drums. There were also varieties of wind and stringed instruments, ranging from the simple mouth blow to more complex varieties of harps, flutes and lyres. Musical instruments in African societies served a variety of roles. Certain instruments were used solely for song accompaniment. Others, however, served religious and social functions besides recreational applications, or as accompaniments for dancing. Among certain ethnic groups, there were restrictions as to the age, sex, or social status of the persons who played the instruments.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RB-aLUR--AeEweLZ2Hfci4r6mUa4iLt3h8LynXh102IIKyyKJR6P13yZFfeaEGc9eOjBkBHdI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kamba flute\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis musical flute was made from the \u003ci\u003emuangini\u003c/i\u003e (swamp reed). It consists of three carefully crafted holes, easily shaped to help direct the flow of air to produce sound. It was played by men for leisure.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TX91vZ2oNq9vVMeNj4jNbQWNTv2slV3Z2BSyt7t7awCawCzaZdMKlqzS9wiuRwR_fhY8HyzJc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kipsigis flute\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis wooden flute was often made by young Kipsigis men and blown during leisure time.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RSrkZiexuH73jj5-deeCbckYokSTQ_uaNIARCS58XFKAubvherdz3_zCi0Qxnqj1VxTyw5HtM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Rabai whistle\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis whistle was made from an antelope\u0026#39;s horn. It is a very rare find.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SjqBe_2DgVMXqmwFiD2eonEqEb0Qh2LQEERtxERx5kz4gZ1TGuR9JwtnA1CyOS-GM2mgeY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Samia horn trumpet\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOmbango Omutsembi, a Samia man, depicted blowing a horn for leisure.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QaY884lecDP2uKtCDSrZZioIQx4N1eMvaRA7veDFYyClNeP16xsdoY7QIgU8V9zIM8oxH5ELo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Tugen horn trumpet\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis trumpet was made from antelope horn, with a hole at the tip, by an old craftsman. It was used as a musical instrument by the elders and, occasionally, as a siren to summon an army in the event of an enemy invasion.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlrIMotuLsU3gP1qzDyCXrgZlIVJz3OvlKg2Ukoq-x71DQIEXr0v5_57lneq9hU5uwsxvc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kikuyu witch-doctor\u0026#39;s horn\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis waterbuck horn was used as a musical horn. Such horns were used in cleansing ceremonies by witch doctors from the Ethaga Clan.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QHqoBZYNdLlfh2ekH_92yYLRyFMaFzm4BmBK6ogv7ar2NRVGP7MAqk8yBzNS3sg3Wdv9bEx18",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kuria horn and dance mask\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNgwina Mukwena, from the Kuria community, is dressed for dance. He is depicted blowing a horn.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SezU3Cn4FT36Lo4SGZogyOzImNPwYQ3ksfDA2CFS3JdKTTn_YGPIT39NBxz3zfd0tk0CTRVQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Swahili Siwa side-blown horn\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Siwa, the ceremonial side blown horn, is one of the most distinctive items of regalia from sub-Saharan African. Made of ivory, it was made in 1688 on the Pate Island.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SnvYbFyaJQf_rhH5xHBm3Cds6B6h2xXD4o7SilOVAxK6RmiY1s7QFfWYdf_RErTWPHIjz5YzI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSwahili man blowing a Siwa horn\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAmong the Swahili people, the Siwa was perceived as a symbol of unity, and Swahili rulers served as its sole guardians. The Siwa was also believed to have supernatural and magical powers.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R4kA17kOHB73XBNPaqJTcecnTJbGWURAJsLlsrqcZ1FssPlnMH9ryVLLZJARFtv4H0rBDl9akS",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePokot dancing tube\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis 2.5 meter long hollow tube produces a booming sound similar to the Didgeridoo. It was played during ceremonies and to accompany dancing. The player would hold it vertically, blow his cheeks out, and produce the same note at regular intervals.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qqfq3DoKxWQY0vHJuJxS2AUeIKqT7FNv5_iX5kWQH0BRwASAX88jOp_RZshdPOMz21_WqqrA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe African drum\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Kenya there is a wide variety of drums, which may have served in a number of different roles, some of them not primarily musical. Their manufacture was often steeped in ritual and symbolism, and their use may have been restricted to specific contexts. In many societies, only men were able to play them; in others, certain drums were used only by women.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sp_emOv9ZUuscIDLQUm9YxqgPVOroYlOet8W8oCcuJdrxLQ2HQA27n_ZO8cUxXXmMzQHS-1A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kamba drum\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a drum made by old men for use by women when required for the \u003ci\u003eKilumi\u003c/i\u003e dance. Men were also known to use the drum and dance, but only those who are aware of the \u0026quot;spiritual words\u0026quot; in \u003ci\u003ekilumi\u003c/i\u003e songs. The \u003ci\u003ekilumi\u003c/i\u003e song was a propitiation dance, used in times of famine or other stress. The drums were made from wood of the \u003ci\u003emuinga\u003c/i\u003e tree, carved with a \u003ci\u003ethia\u003c/i\u003e, and finished with an adze (\u003ci\u003engomo\u003c/i\u003e). The chocks (\u003ci\u003eKyambo\u003c/i\u003e) holding down the skin were cut by a knife and made from goat skin.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RyEL95MFZdGzcFgTEjabME_JjT16nPiLUGlxB6arn8r8QjYWx9EynftU_vf2yCA29tIanelw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Luyia drum and Sikuti dance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Luyia of Western Kenya have a very distinctive traditional dance style called \u003ci\u003eSikuti\u003c/i\u003e, named after a local drum. This is an extremely energetic dance usually performed by paired male and female dancers, and accompanied by several drums, bells, long horns and whistles. The Kamba and Chuka people of Eastern Kenya also have their own dances, each with distinctive drumming styles.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TUvDFtL1PPSuWW2MgYZ3nTvjz3L_HbL3CaHPSrAVW9eZVbXu5feTu38UC6V8CEOKpl_mPMfQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Pokomo drum\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a Pokomo medicine man with the tools of his trade. His drum was a major part of his healing ritual.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RJX7pOitBmVjhuT9ZNreFgbd9TOtGAzFW5Xv8PipaJk52LuuWU73H0tVgR81RfYLTVL61oCEY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Tsotso drum\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMalako, a Tsotso man, is shown playing a drum. A drummer\u0026#39;s talent played a major role in creating a charming rhythm in communal dances.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QwkydvUNbjMPVEFs9VLR7pE2pY5sUOKavyZ7UbX-l3S6xPIcM-v4QvBUx_NdxcfQBbwbiK6is",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Luo Abuu\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Abuu was a musical instrument often used by the Luo community. It is a combination of gourds leading to a horn at the tip. The gourds are held together by wax and grounded bark of the Powo tree. The Abuu was traditionally blown during important ceremonies, and used for entertainment.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tsf3vpDcMZ6LNBw6_QF37F0eZlEY1C2gNdMcvjW0plCGZIYZAkV1upjT7BJulxJ9C5MyaSvA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kipsigis lyre\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEight wire stringed lyre were used to accompany singing and dance during marriage or circumcision ceremonies, named \u0026#39;ketuba chaburecha.\u0026#39;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tk49Oq-fqZ2DuQjeLxBzOii40-OSrSc3j72VnBoXScGtoyJXsuocsqPAiFicXs2wXUGbLGydE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Luo fiddle\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis musical instrument was made from a tin covered with leather skin and tied with a wire. It was played to produce melodic sounds.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TLAVkHYTzFSpYwNcchrW-qS9OMyySUdyFlOeNNtR8Rr9QLAMm2ux6Ubw9rVltBjKV8su8C_go",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Luo Nyatiti\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOne of the best renowned stringed instruments is the \u003ci\u003eNyatiti\u003c/i\u003e, which was commonly played throughout Western Kenya. It has a gentle, relaxing sound, and was usually played solo with a single singer, and sometimes accompanied by light percussion or bells.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SwavqGl_205jGnq4e9h4-6hRqh0zpl4b8JOPzB7aSTQq8oNklIQQcZQ01Wkm3yC2G834QKm6K5",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Luo shaker\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe shaker was a gourd with several seeds inside. It produced a rhythmic rattling sound when shaken. Music was a part of ritual cleansing ceremonies in various Kenyan communities.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SrbGHUMGGAOK8BrR2FG_-IEKT-AKw8AC_uuja71lduAO9fS8gEKol3VXsnNTPEMg5OFF7HfgQt",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Embu rattle\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis rattle was made from the leaves of a palm tree, with seeds placed inside. It was worn around the waist or shoulder and shaken to produce sound when dancing.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SVq-c3Xe1aiZewuEAagDalS8UVKnl2nkdfS0K15f3Wt0G1Nol0amLuDAgO-yQLnYy4HUd_",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExperience music and dance among Kenyan communities\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eVisit the National Museums of Kenya and the communities\u0026#39; annual festivals to get a glimpse into their fascinating musical cultures.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Meet the Drummer Queen","Muthoni Drummer Queen on Kenya’s female creative community","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RY2rDKbYpRw0HjE_772aS1-sOOqTcqlbQCqetpzQomTgAOa9kKpyMXfA5ptQABx_6SQPuF","/story/2gXhRHXA3WMhiA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null,"Drumming"],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"2gXhRHXA3WMhiA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QqsR9B39wITNLMLg5eAzajdh8I9tL-1etTgKUiGXaXzempSa0SCKE4zyOPm2wQmQyAnnFaoVo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"https://www.mdqmusic.com/\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003eMuthoni Drummer Queen\u003c/a\u003e is an inspirational force in Kenya\u0026#39;s music scene. She fuses African drums, hip-hop, reggae/dancehall, and neo-soul/blues to create powerful music that explores her experiences growing up in Nairobi and the spaces that women occupy in the city. We spoke to Muthoni to explore Kenya\u0026#39;s creative community and the advice that the Drummer Queen would give to other aspiring female creatives: \u0026quot;Work hard and work even smarter. Dream big and go get it!\u0026quot;\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sni2w5n3XrMhYPOT2RPfu1hQHVExRxajCO2jI7juk-HDLg4w6xb_ipE4svGD_nwUjBt4vF-g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u0026quot;I think there has been real progress within the Kenyan music scene with regards to how we as a society view it, and the space that women occupy in it\u0026quot; – Muthoni Drummer Queen\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S31JfGoia1gyl1q_0Gh9Ko6JUqa8IsNAJsc8VaSJDDOuBCr7naxxxooBQKwwKSZqujJ-WDUA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u0026quot;I hope to inspire women to listen to themselves, trust their own intuition, forge their own path\u0026quot; – Muthoni Drummer Queen\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"Muthoni Drummer Queen: A Kenyan Feminist Musician on the Rise","The Drummer Queen talks about her music, feminism, and the Kenyan creative scene"]]]],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,14,"CardsLarge","EditorialSection:7ed8cfa6-066b-42b9-bac3-9eb28adfd97a"],["stella.edit.sect",["Meet Kenya's contemporary creatives","Exploring Kenya's arts and culture scene",null,null,null,1],47,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","Fun, Fierce, and Frivolous","Wanuri Kahiu on Afrobubblegum art","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QNH4msXW70RHNJ3IHAy7sa0tiHapuCgd8HXyZkBbGDWTNXCP0SaXvGlgxrJu-BIySzV1Y8","/story/yAUhiqFO4o436g",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null,"Explore"],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"yAUhiqFO4o436g"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[null,"Wanuri Kahiu's Afrobubblegum: A New Kind of African Art","A Kenyan filmmaker is using art to change the way the world sees Africa"]],["stella.common.cobject","Afrofuturist Narratives With Osborne Macharia","Reimagining a new Africa through fantasy and fiction","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RoR6RUROn-wYVrzBI3p4yMxZhsXotHt4Gd9EpodfNuPwyjkiKUn4j5a2X95jbQ9Xj5vyrm","/story/cQXBqCNXdiqZzg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null,"Explore"],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"cQXBqCNXdiqZzg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[null,"Kenyan Photographer Reimagines the Future with Afrofuturism","Osborne Macharia's work blends fiction and fantasy to create a new vision of Africa"]],["stella.common.cobject","Meet the Artist Giving Trash a Second Chance","Cyrus Kabiru's lens on contemporary art and climate change","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RieOgYPSASbxnvLVR0uwp6HkvfBU9HPcywOCCr4rWSKcq2Do1YU04CJeBho1AfJfU8cq9fdTA","/story/OgWR-ExBszFPMQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null,"Explore",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:73e663d4-2944-4ad1-bd29-708dab8be7c4","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RieOgYPSASbxnvLVR0uwp6HkvfBU9HPcywOCCr4rWSKcq2Do1YU04CJeBho1AfJfU8cq9fdTA","SItyDhyrlZthW1jtfEOXfG4d6Jo",[0.5107152,0.51559263,0,1.6599444,0.63544744],null,null,null,[2500,3000]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"OgWR-ExBszFPMQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Su4N9bA1UN_1cjEFJELqtEUyJM9Jt7mtZWmsIW4B2rett7ypUjGM77B02a2d9iU0nQtQtDopzg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Irish poet, W.B. Yeats, once wrote that all art originates in “the foul rag and bone shop of the heart.” Perhaps no contemporary artist exemplifies this as neatly as self-taught sculptor, Cyrus Kabiru, whose visionary practice reclaims trash discarded electronics to create vibrant, future-oriented artworks.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Su4N9bA1UN_1cjEFJELqtEUyJM9Jt7mtZWmsIW4B2rett7ypUjGM77B02a2d9iU0nQtQtDopzg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eHis reclamation of discarded materials has a vibe of tenderness, even with its jagged, steam-punk aesthetic. Reusing waste also has an obvious crossover with the fight against climate change. Here, you can spend a moment with Cyrus’ \u003ci\u003eC-Stunners\u003c/i\u003e, and read his own words about contemporary Kenyan art and climate change.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RIXrND_6wMHrpZowp-ge5WB-6lfxNHmg1EXCxYfwLJLBsYuKpUwVB4I-iiVvoD34xneEN2mA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCyrus, your \u003c/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u003ci\u003eC-Stunners\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/b\u003e\u003cb\u003e are made using repurposed trash and discarded materials. Could you describe the materials you use and your process in collecting and repurposing them?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RIXrND_6wMHrpZowp-ge5WB-6lfxNHmg1EXCxYfwLJLBsYuKpUwVB4I-iiVvoD34xneEN2mA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eYes, most of my artwork is made of things I collect from the street. Mostly I work with metal, plastic, wires, car parts, bicycle parts etc. After collecting, I form my ideas and implement them through an artwork.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QJWtu34escCkX8ZSaQh8hstevDoJue40pm2gT78rayQAO7TgYdpbF_RSwXomqrYZv7f9nI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWe understand you are a self-taught artist. What made you turn to ‘making things’, and particularly why did you want to make things out of waste material?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QJWtu34escCkX8ZSaQh8hstevDoJue40pm2gT78rayQAO7TgYdpbF_RSwXomqrYZv7f9nI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe biggest dump site in Kenya was in my neighbourhood. I used to feel uncomfortable with this issue of trash, and I used to say that one day I would give trash a second chance. My dad also played a big role, especially in the choice to create eyewear. He never liked glasses after he broke his pair when he was young.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SEkx_T7Y3zO8UlQ6_rJHdUFa0VYZvceAXrZQYHm2C_AA5Xcut8Nw1hEvMHbhZDMPOMwnS4W52D",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDo you see your work as a response to mankind’s relationship with the natural world?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SEkx_T7Y3zO8UlQ6_rJHdUFa0VYZvceAXrZQYHm2C_AA5Xcut8Nw1hEvMHbhZDMPOMwnS4W52D",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eYes. I very much relate to the natural world. It gives me ideas and is the reason I want to give a second chance to this trash.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SRWgwKeoPI25zv-qpuaDYKnlxem78UPkPx1thxS8fidGK5k3OOlfMiw_CNi54Tjdh3rn9NgW8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow do you think climate change is affecting Kenya’s cultural heritage and traditions?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SRWgwKeoPI25zv-qpuaDYKnlxem78UPkPx1thxS8fidGK5k3OOlfMiw_CNi54Tjdh3rn9NgW8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eClimate change is affecting everyone, especially in Kenyan society. We have some communities in Kenya known for their art, especially carving. But now they are no longer doing it as they no longer have the resources. Trees and plants have been destroyed and cut down.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SRWgwKeoPI25zv-qpuaDYKnlxem78UPkPx1thxS8fidGK5k3OOlfMiw_CNi54Tjdh3rn9NgW8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eA few years ago, I was doing a project with a certain community showing them an alternative of doing art without messing with nature. Unfortunately, I had to stop as I didn\u0026#39;t have enough money to continue with the project. But culture is what I do everyday. Myself, I try my best to save nature through my art and my everyday living.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TNuutFuDB0gbZhSDEVKalk_UCSzIE5mrj6agQZjurK692PmQ5U_u5FZqABBv66Po8Kc_hruQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow do you imagine Kenya’s arts and culture scene might develop in the future, and how might this be brought about?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TNuutFuDB0gbZhSDEVKalk_UCSzIE5mrj6agQZjurK692PmQ5U_u5FZqABBv66Po8Kc_hruQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eKenyan art will develop if we have enough art schools, museums, and government support, especially in international cultural exchange.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TNuutFuDB0gbZhSDEVKalk_UCSzIE5mrj6agQZjurK692PmQ5U_u5FZqABBv66Po8Kc_hruQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow do you think artists or arts institutions can help to make a real impact in times of crisis, such as our current climate crisis?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TNuutFuDB0gbZhSDEVKalk_UCSzIE5mrj6agQZjurK692PmQ5U_u5FZqABBv66Po8Kc_hruQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eInstitutions can help by bringing creatives together to share ideas on how to deal with climate change. I’ve started a project called Kabiru Creatives which supports upcoming artist to do art related to saving nature, particularly by working with found objects.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RTWAN4IHkRPyVQ16gilDaFJ3-Do0c0fnJzQoe2fJEjPAzOJSZ8wv3SHJ5y68lpnGGSh0c0J8HT",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDo you want to help people see things more clearly?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RTWAN4IHkRPyVQ16gilDaFJ3-Do0c0fnJzQoe2fJEjPAzOJSZ8wv3SHJ5y68lpnGGSh0c0J8HT",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eI want them to see the world more clearly in different ways. Maybe by wearing my glasses.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RTWAN4IHkRPyVQ16gilDaFJ3-Do0c0fnJzQoe2fJEjPAzOJSZ8wv3SHJ5y68lpnGGSh0c0J8HT",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIf you could look through a pair of glasses and see Kenya’s cultural future, what might it ideally look like?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RTWAN4IHkRPyVQ16gilDaFJ3-Do0c0fnJzQoe2fJEjPAzOJSZ8wv3SHJ5y68lpnGGSh0c0J8HT",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eWe are heading somewhere. A few years ago we were nowhere. I think we are heading in a good direction.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"Cyrus Kabiru: Kenyan Artist Reclaims Trash to Create Vibrant Artworks","His visionary practice reclaims trash discarded electronics to create vibrant, future-oriented artworks"]]]],null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,15,"Clusters","EditorialSection:7c300b1b-df23-43e1-85ee-1a353291e4aa"],["stella.edit.sect",null,28,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","\"It’s important to know that our history has been full of light and joy and exploration and imagination.\"","- Wanuri Kahiu","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RsjTf02OP_9257QpaVjvjJZc6ojkGaLjT1BrF1E0aKnWys-nPM1SHtmuAf7Xn88ccF7NYa2hI","/story/yAUhiqFO4o436g",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"yAUhiqFO4o436g"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[null,"Wanuri Kahiu's Afrobubblegum: A New Kind of African Art","A Kenyan filmmaker is using art to change the way the world sees Africa"]]]],null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,16,"Quotes","EditorialSection:10deaf3f-47a8-446f-ac65-bc03347536ac"],["stella.edit.sect",[" ",null,null,null,null,1],41,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","The Colors of Kenya","From the blues in beads to reds in robes","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TJpewa1WjdFs0l2jObXU-_pyN-sRHAZBRzUwXnM5yONEaiQtcps6rbx4NuTR-kctMyR7TgbnU","/color?project\u003didentities-of-kenya\u0026col\u003dRGB_78A936",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null,"Discover the rainbow",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:fd8db9c3-6a5f-4c9b-a256-4766ca3b4d8c","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TJpewa1WjdFs0l2jObXU-_pyN-sRHAZBRzUwXnM5yONEaiQtcps6rbx4NuTR-kctMyR7TgbnU","hbgNbaVyHgX4CUi2RN2y5PU9DL8",[0.51469487,0.22623861,0,0.9849844,0.45247722],null,null,null,[2000,2000]]],null,null,null,"Explore",[2],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1]]]],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,17,"SmallBanner","EditorialSection:87bec8ac-2818-4a24-babb-11abffab5651"],["stella.edit.sect",["10 objects that tell Kenya's story","Masterpieces from the National Museums of Kenya",null,null,null,1],50,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","Gourds","The most extraordinary everyday object","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SEpiONOCnk9zRSPNzThxaaDjrTkA2IBPg9EJ-X_6BkHATsVEWPbcX9BHFs1JWkswXNVzqIDg","/story/WQUxlIBSEE0YJg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"WQUxlIBSEE0YJg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QFfAUVH4NMrdW5zltN9prKY-bq3AD11MUqEs08rFHo83BEHgymuZ85OjGI1cXw_OPtO7od9ME",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1: Gourd centrepiece at Nairobi National Museum\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis spectacular centerpiece at Nairobi National Museum consists of hundreds of gourds collected from different communities all over Kenya. Made from fruits of plants, the gourds vary in size, shape and color. The gourds are used for storage, measuring and fermentation. The sculpture symbolizes the unity of Kenya and can be seen in the Hall of Kenya. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCan you guess how many gourds and calabashes make up the sculpture?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QfiNsgQQfvXzFrQQwRNTTiyD4BAr1FtrBeDT73G1aG3tqgfuiMke4ZPutjQSsgxWU_Vwgq",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2: What is a gourd?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGourds can be found in many parts of Kenya. A gourd is a fleshy large fruit, with a hard skin, belonging to the cucurbitaceae plant species. It is cut when ripe or ready to be plucked off, then dried in the sun. The seeds are removed and the gourd cleaned before use.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S8rF_WnLmmKamzGZeZtnnNx_p0COmsX_Fh8-fi9Y2OMvRk3O16HGytPTfYcgLh_QDIRuXAVg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3: The gourd life - all shapes and sizes\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGourds grow in three different shapes. One is long and narrow, popular with the Maasai and Pokot, who used it to keep milk. Another is the double bellied gourd, which the Marakwet used to carry beer and the Bajun used to carry water while on a journey. The third one has a large belly and a narrow neck, used by most communities to store water and porridge. Other communities used the gourd to keep milk, make beer, make butter, and feed children.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RQaroA0tiVPVSeQj8Hh1CXZ3kN0mXISy3nTKP46qzrz5KD-CeQYk8BIPxv8vpim_Xpsfc5RJ0",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4: As gourd as it gets - beautiful and functional\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHandles and covers are weaved, fixed or tied around the gourd\u0026#39;s mouth and side. Plant materials, leather, maize cobs, wood and other part of other gourds are used to create the covers and handles.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RB5UoKywVWPW5B1MtYOjm6yUEpqMVzconoqfLKqjBNnKvdTPErGq5Z6ffc2M33TYv0CEKWNrw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5: Oh my gourd - the magic of splitting into two\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen the gourd is split into two, the halves are called calabash. The calabash can be used as a scoop or as a drinking cup.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Elongo","The power of the Maasai shield","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qxwcljt3ZEjPm97bamoLR6gXij9SQY35n6vr1voLc2bE6rfBHycCw9bY8TU5P1OHbT-gSKOcE","/story/CgURgEywZgThIQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"CgURgEywZgThIQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QKJq23pKvOkg5nPqIVLuUG01WGkBDARxrPmP9M-Pt5oNj82ax2sopjw2umRk8dLxdt9gBAZA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 things you need to know about the Maasai shield\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Maasai were known for their bravery and being superior warriors. Maasai shields, the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eelongo\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39;, represent one of the many genres of African artifacts with both utilitarian craft and fine art characteristics. This shield holds many stories, including that of one of Kenya\u0026#39;s most courageous communities. Here are five things you need to know about the Maasai shield.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QKJq23pKvOkg5nPqIVLuUG01WGkBDARxrPmP9M-Pt5oNj82ax2sopjw2umRk8dLxdt9gBAZA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1: The Maasai warrior\u0026#39;s most important tool\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOn the utilitarian front, shields were a Maasai warrior\u0026#39;s most important tool in hunting and warfare. They not only offered physical protection but protection of a symbolic nature.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QKJq23pKvOkg5nPqIVLuUG01WGkBDARxrPmP9M-Pt5oNj82ax2sopjw2umRk8dLxdt9gBAZA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2: Blessed with \u0026#39;entasim\u0026#39; charms\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe \u003ci\u003eOloibon\u003c/i\u003e (spiritual leader) would bless the warriors\u0026#39; shields with charms known as \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eentasim\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39;. It was said to increase their protective power, and ensure that the warriors were safe and successful in cattle raids.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QKJq23pKvOkg5nPqIVLuUG01WGkBDARxrPmP9M-Pt5oNj82ax2sopjw2umRk8dLxdt9gBAZA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3: A symbols of identification\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOutside of the warring context, shields were prestige objects and symbols of identification. Different designs were used to differentiate the various Maasai sub-communities, age sets, and sometimes a complex lineage identification system.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QKJq23pKvOkg5nPqIVLuUG01WGkBDARxrPmP9M-Pt5oNj82ax2sopjw2umRk8dLxdt9gBAZA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4: Extraordinary design made by the warrior himself\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEvery warrior made his own shield using only male buffalo skin, which they acquired by hunting. The Maasai shield was designed as a convex, and made of buffalo hide sewn onto a wooden frame. The handle was attached at the centre back of the shield and wrapped with leather strips. The surface of the shield was decorated with large, nearly symmetrical crescents in red, white and black.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QKJq23pKvOkg5nPqIVLuUG01WGkBDARxrPmP9M-Pt5oNj82ax2sopjw2umRk8dLxdt9gBAZA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5: Famous warriors and their shields\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTwo of the most famous Maasai warriors were the brothers Senteu and Lenana. We turn to these legendary warriors to inspire our own stories; to inspire confidence and bravery.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Amazing Aprons","The essential wardrobe staple","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rj7JHjkJfX3R9wciv9J5FJIXN6LnfsuqIJX0-RZZBMeMLRbdFB3si9feIxbHYBQ5SgvcTS8w","/story/cQVBcbODs6CnLg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," ",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:5d957681-96c2-4acc-aa28-aca0cb88d7d9","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rj7JHjkJfX3R9wciv9J5FJIXN6LnfsuqIJX0-RZZBMeMLRbdFB3si9feIxbHYBQ5SgvcTS8w","Mmf0Wo7Zq2oW-jWxxh8KUwfC1UA",[0.4967026,0.6694662,0,1.2040104,0.65279937],null,null,null,[2000,2000]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"cQVBcbODs6CnLg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SLLoV6YD9b5AxWjKxtY1rQ-PbPOCLCah9Lh2699PkSCbhA7asnnhp86HuTyvl9dj5iZegR9P3u",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat is an apron?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBefore the coming of modern, western attire, Kenyan communities covered their bodies with different types of skirts and aprons. Usually covering the front of the body and tied around the waist, the aprons were used for practical, ceremonial and decorative purposes. They were primarily used to cover the wearer’s private parts.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S8Qy2l6ngF2v1tfCxVJ7CyPDm32fSOmWdkDwi7frDGBVAN7lciIPxPTLsP-Qvi0F2I-3X95TM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWho wore them?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe aprons were usually worn by mature, initiated persons. Young children walked naked because a child’s bare body was not viewed as nudity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TQAr76Ja-agO-m0_Z4WeX7ZOfOc4GWvom2U0wc40Vt-dVvOg10EClQuYVlQUL0vqY7dO7-dQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMuthambi apron\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn illustration of a Muthambi boy wearing a leather apron.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8cdEyzftTYqJMb52UidMhjBXrKLt1WvNeSAjieKAljIL3SfHqWL0D_-u1cBHGIxzxOX3D1Xw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChuka apron\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn illustration of an elderly Chuka woman past childbearing age. The beads on her apron are a symbol of her age and social status.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QJ_R83GqhlIKe1YOShPcAbu17zd3vPDrMf_03VYNEtE2mEYrQy5uXrg0pWebELLk3Idpb-xn19",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKuria apron\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn illustration of a Kuria man in elaborate attire and equipped with war weapons. His apron also covers his upper body and is decorated with beads.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R0PYQre3e--n6C4wNrH1EV4_pVyaBGzV0H8w08xgU96QHM_mN5o8LDoFhT-n9wjSPanMFQVw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaasai apron\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn illustration of a Maasai warrior or moran, wearing ceremonial regalia and holding traditional weaponry.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_StZWQ9n0khgSmM7gdrSLudYdCxxuXqs7gDo2aA4a8BdsbmdIHBeiPcJxwcCSNVv0yimSnOHosG",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow were they made?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe aprons were made of materials such as leather, animal skins, tree barks, leaves and beads. Leather skirts were made from several pieces of leather stitched together to make a whole costume. In many cases the leather was obtained from animals that were slaughtered for special rituals. The skin was then treated and colour was applied to make its appearance pleasant.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_St3YGXi76XZ4Ij6ebEnUXRJjNcoA0ii54Xqmflfib0PtFTSkx9pGENTm9uu1sWyIBBZ5f8u8_x",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat did they symbolize?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe aprons could be an indicator of the person’s identity, community, marital status, number of children, and even their place of belonging. The colour of the apron or skirt was also an important indicator of the person’s ritual or social status. Some communities preferred to leave the fur on the skins they wore for body cover, because the colour – white or black – signified and conferred some ritually important status on the wearer.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RY9WWR6JhHZbC8K9g6rrP8wJtnTsZU07Lr8VBAhk_QrBhKZXcSJq7nFYs-_azYAaBaI5frnVg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow were aprons used by the Turkana community?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Turkana community were known for their beautifully decorated skirts and aprons. In this community, once a newly-wed woman entered her marital home, she discarded all her old aprons and would wear a new \u003ci\u003eabwo\u003c/i\u003e skirt made from the skins of her in-laws\u0026#39; cattle. It symbolised her transition from a young girl to a married woman who belonged to her husband’s household. She would also wear an \u003ci\u003eadwel\u003c/i\u003e apron, which was decorated with metal beads to denote her status as a mother.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Beads","Beadwork tells the stories of Kenya's communities","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rz2kZ4PB624ijScjwqqllLnPVZwlAJHVMw7KMInCk1GKvtp3bjkQB0c98XtMPiGk17Z011ttI","/story/egURtvMM03lfLw",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"egURtvMM03lfLw"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RCZ5iQ8BBk34L5IVBeTUuROSCqihUr6nz1jk001Rql7C0dngNB7XeAZKhLLI711ipgKrj72y_p",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1: Beadwork tell the stories of Kenya’s communities\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMost Kenyan communites are renowned for their bead ornaments. Nearly every community in Kenya wore some kind of beadwork, although the patterns, colours and the types of the beads depended on specific socio-cultural contexts.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SCYd50reA4r0b0Hf2J5beyL89wxuV0QyN6aeo4ISPheDgmqgDDsfpPrYPH004-HTXxrPxy2Gw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2: Some of the most common beads in Kenya are made of glass\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThey were imported from Europe in the 19th century. Long distance traders, like the Kamba, acquired the beads from the coastal regions of East Africa and traded them with communities in the interior of the country.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RjXFcTFFxpDCfhnNnKkTVnKTgq2vYQG0KH-gs9zBwzJo3VmTfsdOh9GiVtojdqGI6GFRKyemM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eBefore the coming of glass beads, people used local materials such as ostrich egg-shells, sea shells, cowry shells, seeds, wooden or stone materials, bones and ivory, animal hooves, leather and skins, baked clay and precious metals, such as gold and silver.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Ts9Hv7sdD9svv4UxnyoAUbIAFTIJ9e474nDGfGLRhX47wTHKg0pIRDFIEQ21AZLPGobUS8AA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3: They are made by all communities across Kenya\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBeadwork was predominantly a female activity in Kenya and most parts of eastern Africa.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SuZaKXYcfOAILEdsxaLIz3Ku9UNdlwYi3cl_imrHp0SiGapt5lRfEcciT4P_e5XWwYw8PHrCw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4: Bead ornaments had various functions, with the most common being the aesthetic or ‘beauty’ value\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCommunities all over Kenya made their bead patterns based on their specific cultural notions of what they perceived as beautiful or ugly, acceptable or unacceptable, good or bad.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SUIG458oB3l3jIRle1pckpcos193hy83G5PSOAF1IrasFfsKC91jYdItK3n4achCxKLyk5FQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Maa were guided by the principle of \u003ci\u003ekemakua\u003c/i\u003e (acceptable) and \u003ci\u003ekenare\u003c/i\u003e (unacceptable) when deciding how beads should be arranged to make a given, culturally defined pattern.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T4m0TxNYUiYGhL1Qbqbmpf_6l5heGN4ANsD2bcpWnQBFFltfkttDD6NL87qE4rTmxMIiTNgg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5: Different communities wear beads in their own way\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNot all beadwork was worn around the neck; others were worn as bracelets, on the head as adornments, on the waist or legs. Beadwork, in other cases, also incorporated charms for personal protection. Beads were also used to decorate various clothing and utilitarian items.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S4Vf461faoGRz7xMcM3_fEbkdP5WEsmVZXjvlTvhDAX2X9cp4U-HImuaWCQxxlzNe46AbByQE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6: Modern Kenyan ornaments are bought by tourists\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn modern times, bead ornaments are part of the vibrant tourist trade.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SY1if9EGGeV2o545j40ujR58S6z4WSjZATNiPV4lVPA-ArEhD1M2cUvy5eruLscjFdMSZDtg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe modern beadwork is devoid of the cultural meanings that they had in their original cultural contexts. These beaded items are now commodities that are sold mostly for their aesthetics.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","African Masks","Connecting with the afterlife","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QNhx6gzolJCquVQC6cl5DhHLQrN5UJ4zxWnOCS-xpXEMDHy1hiLAPCINL4b2ZcGisUtmAscQ","/story/yQURUlZn5SE-IQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"yQURUlZn5SE-IQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qzt6A_FDgfxwr70lS30FfSqknbzTcbpA2uzf9R2onIIA1jkU1AvSo0-jMyDYzMHoJfkj6EfQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe meaning behind the African mask\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMasks are an essential feature of traditional African culture and have served an important role in ritual and ceremony for centuries. They are both idea and form. The artistry of African masks is self evident and, for the people who create them, they have a much deeper meaning than surface beauty. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn general, the mask form is a physical mechanism to initiate transformation, whereby the wearer takes on a new entity, allowing him to have influence on the spirits to whom he is appealing to or offering thanks.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SEp1xn7qMedfTQg5OyzdZao6yrajQ4a8vSFOW7wHCIv1hAXRf1crzSKUiLp_bBkBNtfXAIk9g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe cultural heritage preserved by masks\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhile the specific implications associated with ritual masks widely vary in different cultures, some traits are common to most African cultures. For instance, masks usually have a spiritual and religious meaning, and they are used in ritual dances, social and religious events. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA special status is attributed to the artists that create masks, and to those who wear them in ceremonies. In most cases, mask-making is an art that is passed on from father to son, along with the knowledge of the symbolic meanings conveyed by these masks.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T9W12fRc_h5iz4BGm32S0oazfTnsdaS4OoI3lVFtCCgWqD843NGYmwCNCwDfnFQ3MRmR4-VQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eVariety in forms and colors\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally masks were made in various forms and shapes, and the craftsmen used readily available materials to make them. Wood, ivory, metals and animal skin are some of the materials used to make them. African masks come in all different colours, such as red, black, orange, and brown.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QpJ945RyH9iGrboo-d7GWkChDvFN7poLAESNYmZLy5xc4rc_Cz9sDrnHJJII2nWE20UZ_gBAA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAnimal forms\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMasks are often made to resemble people, animals and other objects that people identify with. Many African masks represent animals. Some African communities believe that the animal masks can help them communicate with the spirits who live in forests or open savannah.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tyxz89c1kH1TyMMMPo9SRmUtFFF-EsekMnnPSUCwlW8s96UuziTvysw3PkZin1CpJMtKaeI542",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSome masks cover the entire body, like The Morongociek\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhile most masks cover only the face, there are full body masks such as this seclusion mask used by the Maa community.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SEp1xn7qMedfTQg5OyzdZao6yrajQ4a8vSFOW7wHCIv1hAXRf1crzSKUiLp_bBkBNtfXAIk9g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTiriki seclusion mask\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an ideal illustration of a full-body mask in use. The Tiriki boy depicted is wearing a mask after circumcision. This mask is exclusively worn by initiates for a period of six months, during which they are in seclusion while in training for adulthood.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R7Ju0RciQFqYbpJ0DsBwqV73GqdCKXXzY2qh_b1oXTFsC3oVAg_8LjT_MC4Z9UJsOiRy0yZw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eConcealing the human form\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMasks used for rituals conceptually transform the wearer into a spiritual being, losing their human form in the process. For instance, penitents use masks in ceremonies to disguise their identity in order to make the act of penitence more selfless. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a transformation of the mask-wearer into a spirit, which usually relies on other practices – such as specific types of music and dance, or ritual costumes that contribute to concealing the mask-wearer\u0026#39;s human identity. Depicted is a Kuria man in a mask, concealing his identity.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QHqoBZYNdLlfh2ekH_92yYLRyFMaFzm4BmBK6ogv7ar2NRVGP7MAqk8yBzNS3sg3Wdv9bEx18",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEntertainment value of masks\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMasks were very important during ceremonies because they were used to entertain the people. The masks made dancers look more exciting, and they played a major role in arousing the interest of the audience.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q82lkEHDOdd-ojnYpro0Fn4gWJMRtrizBUodIhsdt3nJkkl7KKAwG4T3gWNUktcHObMFWyIg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRitual contexts for masks\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe mask wearer can become a sort of medium that allows for a dialogue between the community and the spirits. Most times, the spirits mentioned are those of the dead, or nature-related. Masked dances are a part of most traditional African ceremonies related to weddings, funerals, initiation rites, and cleansing.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RBeS12atjYpFpF-I2-0-MgJxrJOh3_SvQ-3SSWMtEa5BFrQw0BHAtYPTbflcZ_asJPtixO8A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProtecting the dignity of the wearer\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMost of the Kenyan communities were not sexually permissive and, when fertility rituals were conducted, the participants usually disguised themselves to avoid social stigma. The people who conducted the rituals could not perform without masks, showing that masks gave them the courage to go on and perform.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_ReVOEoD6MoHycHXsyXB3WhQRs163qeXir8cFoDr7IHT9L-VmkKF2CbYGMHXyhbflzM0gczdA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePunishment\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMasks are sometimes used to punish the wearer, either by signaling their humiliation or causing direct suffering. Some communities had shameful masks. A \u0026quot;shameful\u0026quot; mask is devised for public humiliation; other masks were used for punishing social deviants, particularly uncomfortable types, such as an iron mask.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QpJ945RyH9iGrboo-d7GWkChDvFN7poLAESNYmZLy5xc4rc_Cz9sDrnHJJII2nWE20UZ_gBAA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarks of authority\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the past, masks were used to associate the wearer with some kind of unimpeachable authority. This means that influential people in society used to wear masks as a symbol of power and authority.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen a ruler such as a chief or a king died, people used to make masks which resembled that person, so as to honor him. These masks also acted as evidence of existence of that ruler, and were made so that the ruler could be remembered in future.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Ear Piercings","An important tradition in Kenya's communities","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T2XMkopj3dwJelRZnVH_arpT2wpJ0t4D-qlqWtXmO4DA0Ct-87QqNvDKvVYpvLcUu4t1D6","/story/-QXBImL1ZPThIg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," ",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:8b4687b8-5278-4836-bd7b-1889ab6fad9e","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T2XMkopj3dwJelRZnVH_arpT2wpJ0t4D-qlqWtXmO4DA0Ct-87QqNvDKvVYpvLcUu4t1D6","YBqsZc2yOzP4pDH3a_J8J7YlofY",[0.4865567,0.6872555,0,1.1536397,0.625489],null,null,null,[2000,2000]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"-QXBImL1ZPThIg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S5c-3Oan2SSE46Dyzl--QNwMeJlkqto9pe8CSAbQzrggX1P38gUy4LGaYE_TOFk_s7E-5tz7JC",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStyle and identity\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs communities adjust to new cultures and adopt new ways of thinking, traditions such as ear piercing go through many changes. Therefore, the objects on display here are rare examples of items that were used in a tradition that has quickly been overtaken by modernity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SY1if9EGGeV2o545j40ujR58S6z4WSjZATNiPV4lVPA-ArEhD1M2cUvy5eruLscjFdMSZDtg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNearly all Kenyan communities pierced their ears\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePiercing of ears was a common practice in almost every Kenyan community in the past. Communities differed in the reason for piercing, the size of the hole, and the gender of those whose ears were pierced.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TZ3TuDOjc3xp_iVuliypWsREUml4LRIGzsXPdPxQklI7zAdjtxgJg0QqoRzXTAijHyNBed0Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBoth men and women pierced their ears\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRecords show that in nearly every community, both men and women pierced their ears.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TFlvnTcxphw6NxOAJPnwIPQcgAmdYiSAPdxtXytGhKIlHLLwmbkzlBXaYaBWvu3qaa8OKeLQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePiercing is part of a ritual\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePiercing one\u0026#39;s ear was done during transition rituals, especially during graduation from childhood to youth, and from youth to adulthood.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RbM61PoMgXhugsuLvJQ6FDoIHU8HCg22JBZ5rMmfP_fppwaYuLX4UimrARB5QeLV19Grmp",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA sign of bravery\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOthers, especially young warriors, pierced their ears further to adorn themselves with ornaments that were a sign of their bravery.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TNS7t-kCqcAVROCmIyxgVlzqx5mBf0jEF4JLIUoa1WTytkV_JuFOWoKuEkcXYD9c-Cdp_-oyw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA small hole\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn most cases, the ears were pierced leaving a small hole suitable for an ordinary ornament such as an earring.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SLfwiGn9wb2QLY_bXtm71y_zbUbp_Svyq7fSy6Gi8lqyhO6E8wRd0VxP5ec9VHSY4TSwxW",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEar stretching\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe stretching of the earlobes to make longer and wider holes was common in communities living in the Rift Valley and the central and western parts of Kenya, who used heavy hardwood logs to stretch the earlobes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RvAnIfcUe8O-4CA_DA3FQZiNDhnp-YuiAInTQlniQ09se_W2eeDcJEhaU71OuQrxQyRrl6nA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHave no fear\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe initiates were expected to go through this painful process without showing any fear. The ear stretching process was done gradually, beginning with a small tear.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SP9QIIEkwxM0WbkmWXU21fizdXKgActI6fmGv6f3ONgXBenYHLPHVzwPzmSBdCtKkoN42OoCEA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat about today?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eToday, the tradition of ear stretching isn\u0026#39;t practiced that commonly in Kenya. It is only practiced by a few pastoralist people such as the Maasai.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QCTShJU1iRCakHIooxRFLITx2crFqdwzbpizcHHuXO7FydD22Zi2X4QUAABLWG0SEMIOYmyQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSnuff containers as earrings\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCommunities such as the Maasai also wore their snuff containers in their pierced earlobes as ornaments.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tk-ATpr2F4IIolotXuQsp0iunIsT627IUno9gHr-bQbZ6xkY-LuWcnZzzcovMw5oXqDavg1so",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBajun earplugs\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe women of the Bajun, from Lamu, wore intricately designed earplugs that were made from precious metals, such as silver and gold. These metals may have been traded with communities on other islands of the Indian Ocean. Both Bajuni men and women pierced their ears, although it was the women who predominantly wore the earplugs.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RCZ5iQ8BBk34L5IVBeTUuROSCqihUr6nz1jk001Rql7C0dngNB7XeAZKhLLI711ipgKrj72y_p",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEar piercing in Kenya today\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn modern Kenya, women pierce their ears but the number of men doing so has reduced drastically. Nowadays, some people consider piercing of ears by men as a taboo - although there is historical documentations showing that majority of communities in Kenya pierced the ears of their members regardless of their gender.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The African Drum","The beating heart of Africa","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlIYvudjzVRab0ChjyIeLtsXXqvXoSlzJwdTW2NGs6Fn031uRAvoK3M84G5s9SgWyWZn8SnA","/story/iAXho86uvhJeKA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"iAXho86uvhJeKA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RenMoT_U1qb8MYcsA3LnUXgLACAmS-e5l3hPAzPbJs0aXJ0jtiOzHe4MA3qcG_kyABDVdhOUw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGet the rhythms down\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe beating heart of Africa is the drum. Its sound, style, craft and use has evolved with time, and each community in Kenya has used the drum for different purposes. The manufacture was often steeped in ritual and symbolism, and its use was sometimes restricted to a specific context. Drumming was a common accessory when dancing or performing specific rituals. In many communities, only men would play the drum; in others, certain drums were only used by women.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RyEL95MFZdGzcFgTEjabME_JjT16nPiLUGlxB6arn8r8QjYWx9EynftU_vf2yCA29tIanelw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Luhya drum and \u0026#39;Sikuti\u0026#39; dance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Luhya of Western Kenya have a very distinctive dance style called \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eSikuti\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39;, named after a local drum. It\u0026#39;s an extremely energetic dance, usually performed by both male and female dancers. It is accompanied by several drums, bells, long horns and whistles.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QmhuMgZkMh3_U9qDgEuob6QiXcCtDqs-Nfn7lPeYQsXIiJAryWUpxZRP4AAv0q0KIzuc7AOqI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Embu drum and \u0026#39;Mwinziro\u0026#39; dance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis wooden drum was used by the traditional dancers of the Embu community from Mufo village. Young men would play it to accompany young men and girls dancing the \u0026#39;Mwinziro\u0026#39; dance. The \u0026#39;Mwinziro\u0026#39; dance is performed when there is a good harvest.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe long narrow drum has a goat skin diaphragm at both ends. It was made by young men from the wood of the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eMwenjenje\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; tree. The tree was hollowed out with a tool called \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eThis\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39;. The thongs were used to carry the drum, and were woven from the leaves of the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eKikuyu\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; tree.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QR_4USgJvg5w9-FRxv8JA_yI1Cx4CNe_8atx1FKtERXAhIbn9I2I4BofvF_GQmkTWiCa7d",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Bajuu drum and \u0026#39;Kirumbithi\u0026#39; dance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis wooden drum was used to accompany traditional dances of the Bajuu community. The \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eKirumbithi\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; dance was performed by men, and the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eFungo\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; dance was performed by women. Drums like these were not sold but made by their owner.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe drum was made of wood from the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eMutu\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; tree, goatskin, and coconut tree leaves.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QQD4HQZxfFjWKO4Dm-EHgp_CuCA2YZNvQMIM5bJJM2rxqBdj5k0gCXvSIlXV4p5f3tUz9ExEdi",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Mbeere drum and \u0026#39;Mwinziro\u0026#39; dance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis wooden drum was used by young bachelors when dancing \u0026#39;Mwinziro.\u0026#39;. The dance was only performed at night. It is said that the rhythm of the dance attracted girls. Such drums were usually never sold, but made by the owners. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe tall drum was made of wood from the Mukaau (Melia Volkensii Guire) tree. The hole through the middle was cut with a \u0026#39;Thia\u0026#39; and the top was covered with the skin of a goat or wild animal.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TUvDFtL1PPSuWW2MgYZ3nTvjz3L_HbL3CaHPSrAVW9eZVbXu5feTu38UC6V8CEOKpl_mPMfQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Pokomo drum and medicine dance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a Pokomo medicine man with the tools of his trade. His drum was a major part of his healing ritual.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QaJPJLpM6azLXwLoib4apGaNfmqgyuamsDmE7zHpEUZZQ1lykJwwHSr6KsI1gPmvq21xa_",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Malalulu and Pokomo drum, and bachelor dancing\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis wooden drum was played by young bachelors when dancing. The drum was made of wood from the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eMakuyu\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; tree.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RJX7pOitBmVjhuT9ZNreFgbd9TOtGAzFW5Xv8PipaJk52LuuWU73H0tVgR81RfYLTVL61oCEY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Tsotso drum\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMalako, a Tsotso man, is shown here playing a drum during a ceremony. A drummer\u0026#39;s talent plays a major role in creating a charming rhythm during communal dances.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tn9HH6LneI-p-NyKc-eJLVE-Q3M8Ub76iHMffzelDt9ZqB4Ia0iZZvGAUKhjEGyohsBRqkvT_U",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kisii drum\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKisii celebrations are marked with song and dance. Various traditional musical instruments, including the drum, are played.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sp_emOv9ZUuscIDLQUm9YxqgPVOroYlOet8W8oCcuJdrxLQ2HQA27n_ZO8cUxXXmMzQHS-1A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kamba drum and \u0026quot;Kilumi\u0026quot; dance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kamba people of Eastern Kenya also had their own dances, each with distinctive drumming styles. This is a drum used by women when required for the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eKilumi\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; dance. Men were also known to use the drum and dance, but only those who were aware of the \u0026quot;spiritual words\u0026quot; in \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eKilumi\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; songs. The \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eKilumi\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; song was a propitiation dance, used in times of famine or other stress. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe drums were made from wood of the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003emuinga\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; tree, carved with a \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003ethia\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; and finished with an adze (\u003ci\u003engomo\u003c/i\u003e). The chocks (\u003ci\u003eKyambo\u003c/i\u003e) holding down the skin were cut with a knife and made from goat skin.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SC0JVMrpytlxvdaDr_h7TZTgjKZP7Q_bYJ5-zd_va51LEdUSfbatVgQ_nV37VvdDfX4RjQTIo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kamba drum and \u0026#39;Ikiili\u0026#39; dance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kamba community used a variety of drums for different dances, rituals and ceremonies. This drum was used for the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eIkiili\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; dance, performed by young men. It is made from wood of the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eMuinga\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; tree, aluminium, cowhide and goatskin.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TpLWVpWimhNuCfKwkl2k0BCVPvFJPlLY5H4x-wWFjLFEFQ7vE5Dya21Mfu5-Fd9oSTM_FdFsXq",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kamba drum and \u0026#39;Anake\u0026#39; and \u0026#39;Ileve\u0026#39; dance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Kamba drum was used for the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eAnake\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; and \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eIleve\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; dances, performed by young men. It was made from wood of the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eIsavi\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; tree, lizard and goatskin.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TE1n7q3dV5wpfYN0e0g3WDapHFbM84F2R6Lcz-h4Xl0H4wEmn7h28oIFwYZ0qxbEOynFkk0A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kamba drum used for entertainment\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHere is another example of a drum used by the Kamba community. It is exceptional for its long and narrow style - but particularly for its sound.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tx16_RGf_jP0pff8pNnwjiPxy5sDm0rf4e4ySGLN0B_k0Ra8N7RjMVB6CSlqVeXIHa7spC",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kamba drum and fire\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a drum made by the Musumbi or Kamba, and used by young men for dancing. Before playing the drum, the membrane is held over the fire.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Ttk-bwDDBls1zw-Iig9taIC7vs8UaQYnxf5kqr-zkE-3TSEZ8l5Cp9iQkfnbmAhfweJyGVug",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Teriki drum for funerals\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis wooden drum was used at the funeral for a woman from N. Kavirondo, of the Teriki community.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T_gSUxRTECeqvktJYnYrQk6TvlzzQAQclgw210c6UCTDAK67S76wh3KlO1t2EEjOZdtuN9bA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Luo drum and alerting beats\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDrums hold a very special place in African history and culture because they play an important role in people\u0026#39;s lives. The sound of this drum when played was aimed at alerting people in the village of danger or someone\u0026#39;s death.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe drum was made using an iron blade, and covered with cowhide.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R648TSHkkJYQGkwvONtphTJqfzcSiA3qJHKyCtQH-PePOxrtZopUMWIKdlee5lzJqByEpuZMo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Wasanye drum\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNot much information is available about this drum from the Wasanye community. However, it is said to be a poison drum which was obtained from the Voi river.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Swahili Siwa Side-Horn","Its sound will blow your mind","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SVsr-O5vJUrwZuWEk13qUWSN3ydXpnuUZZV5dVxoCO4c9sobWpDOBPuxZHgwkWnw8eFXSkJg","/story/VAXxT9gGdDdwKQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," ",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:514da290-7318-4237-9b75-223aa189ab86","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SVsr-O5vJUrwZuWEk13qUWSN3ydXpnuUZZV5dVxoCO4c9sobWpDOBPuxZHgwkWnw8eFXSkJg","k6y7sD3M1pLgd4QlmxwJGKpT1nQ",[0.525632,0.59412545,0,1.1691396,0.6338929],null,null,null,[2000,2000]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"VAXxT9gGdDdwKQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SezU3Cn4FT36Lo4SGZogyOzImNPwYQ3ksfDA2CFS3JdKTTn_YGPIT39NBxz3zfd0tk0CTRVQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1: The Siwa, the ceremonial side blown horn, is one of the most distinctive items of regalia from sub-Saharan African\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was used by Swahili leaders in the 17th and 18th centuries for ceremonies, including circumcisions, weddings, and at cultural events.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2: This rare Siwa can be found in the Hall of Kenya at Nairobi National Museum\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe gallery celebrates the country\u0026#39;s ethnic diversity and vibrant cultures through the objects on display. The Siwa is one of the museum\u0026#39;s most important objects.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFkItNm9FTFFQWjk4QUFBUkRveUhmb1E\u003d",198.92088945134495,3.094441586606493,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dB-6oELQPZ98AAARDoyHfoQ\u0026heading\u003d-161.07911054865505\u0026pitch\u003d3.094441586606493\u0026fov\u003d122.06862226307643\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dEj-4e2yqWJ3xJkuvxkaroRTrTxQ",null,122.06862226307643,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFkItNm9FTFFQWjk4QUFBUkRveUhmb1E%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d122.06862226307643\u0026sv_h\u003d198.92088945134495\u0026sv_p\u003d3.094441586606493",null,null,[2,"B-6oELQPZ98AAARDoyHfoQ"],"SvInfo:765321c3-f1dd-4b45-a969-73278d7054a3"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SezU3Cn4FT36Lo4SGZogyOzImNPwYQ3ksfDA2CFS3JdKTTn_YGPIT39NBxz3zfd0tk0CTRVQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3: It was made by skilled craftsmen in 1688 on the island of Pate, north of Lamu\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Siwa is over 2 meters long and made of two elephant tusks, copper, brass and wood. It has elaborate decorations and inscriptions.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SezU3Cn4FT36Lo4SGZogyOzImNPwYQ3ksfDA2CFS3JdKTTn_YGPIT39NBxz3zfd0tk0CTRVQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4: The Siwa was also believed to have supernatural and magical powers\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAmong the Swahili people, the Siwa was perceived as a symbol of unity, and Swahili rulers served as its sole guardian.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SnvYbFyaJQf_rhH5xHBm3Cds6B6h2xXD4o7SilOVAxK6RmiY1s7QFfWYdf_RErTWPHIjz5YzI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5: It makes an unforgettable sound\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA man would hold the Siwa with two arms and blow through the wooden mouthpiece, making an unforgettable sound.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SnvYbFyaJQf_rhH5xHBm3Cds6B6h2xXD4o7SilOVAxK6RmiY1s7QFfWYdf_RErTWPHIjz5YzI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe sound of the Siwa would be able to reach communities living far way. The sound usually announced a ceremony, and invited the communities to participate.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","African Headdresses","A crown for every craft","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SVaSbiACIjsruMMZO3gOiNslCZX89KWnlrghaHn4jGpm9Uq-a2ut26NSUdTo4f8L_4F7mH_Q","/story/PwXBePLe-6NIIw",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"PwXBePLe-6NIIw"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TL9y5GVn-67TTqg0Qr5T3MyheccRfVvc5ZaaI-TM6hchSUKA7N61bnplRE9--WZL-6W1moOw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe African headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe African headdress is an elaborate piece of art worn on the head to denote one\u0026#39;s high position in society. People in leadership positions, administrators or spiritual leaders, and sometimes the wealthy in society, often wore headdresses on special occasions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TJhM4EWZS2baY9U-IexXMZeEcoam0s184K3ULZCzvru633UX1s2n928Vn4oWqqLfZofb3gtg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFeathers, animal skin, or hides\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA large majority of traditional headdresses were designed to rise in height from the crown of the head, and often included items such as feathers, animal skin or hides. Sometimes the headdresses were decorated with bead work, embroidery, paint, leaf fronds, porcupine quills or other animal parts.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Twgfh0VFAlVx__v-tMkChqlolydEnBrOuJ5SU1SSQCd5rwvXQbh0dVdqjDjeqYnC-EQlfcVHax",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAdornment: a social and functional perspective of headgear\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn as much as most African headdresses had a profound cultural meaning attached, some were worn purely for their glamour during social appearances – for instance, during dances. Others were worn purely for their ability to shield the wearer against the elements as they carried on with their day to day activities\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TcnHARNoe9pwmv8gWcWaonlRsFCb81IBNgUOzFOil47rsM5lXp4ktQzeBBCsOmmJsI30LclQQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSymbols of leadership\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eVarious communities had a specific headdress which reflected that the wearer had attained an exceptional level of authority and wisdom. Consequently, such gear was reserved only for the chiefs and elders of the community.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eExplore Kenyan culture through these 15 African headdresses...\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T9H4S3t8PdwMu0Toq1q4Yxx0eNbbG-2DJkKDSG_pKu03Va63Yt6DpzDrznkXzYX4Nm8bYe",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1: Turkana chief headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a Turkana chief in ceremonial headdress made of ostrich feathers.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T-Ff-GUuDraKzSXo92gL0T6zGpvU24z3Iw8sxcNHy0ufETAPheWIC0aRAGAM6c5p--dlrjgg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2: Pokot elder headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Pokot elder wearing an ostrich feather headdress.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RlYX0AGQ-60K3h_KwwuH2_urTadLnI_OtHxh7LvGdawdVmwCF-Vr5Ytjlje-lO8kpQ3QTJUZ8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3: Mbeere elder headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Mbeere elder wearing ostrich feather headgear, signifying his social status.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R9LAtYlVglaIt2gQmNPY6vduZB1D-L5oIRJ5liTxP_WMcNkHOxywrjVy_O06EROSO3oGn2XGk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4: Borana chief headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Borana chief wearing a traditional turban and an ostrich feather. The chieftaincy was denoted by the metal phallic symbol worn on his forehead, which is referred to as \u003ci\u003eKalacha\u003c/i\u003e. These and other items were symbols of leadership.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TrdbgDDmTrg3CxyTXTwqFkUvxX1zzb93IVS0QOe7LzqmigqIaG5xUd45ItxJH8BVYlNbubhg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5: Maasai warrior headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Maasai warrior wearing a headdress made of lion mane, which symbolises bravery.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R0PYQre3e--n6C4wNrH1EV4_pVyaBGzV0H8w08xgU96QHM_mN5o8LDoFhT-n9wjSPanMFQVw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6: Maasai warrior headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Maasai warrior, commonly referred to as a moran, in ceremonial regalia and traditional weaponry. His headdress is made of ostrich feathers and cow skin. It is sewn using leather thongs and has a leather strap to keep it in place when worn. These were worn by the Maasai morans who had gone through circumcision.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sl8UJjwfHD9pmhBD0Su-MEJTiT3prLeED9B1eKlCu2yipx8fetCB5iyjlpJRr8z3VrzyMtLJw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7: Pokot warrior headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Pokot warrior wearing a headdress made of hair and clay.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_So_deXKSX-o57Wa_OoInOq5Fw4xoJpnUtB3H8RhkUDIIevufELn3jgdXn1uG9WFBMoMcFfdg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8: Kadam warrior headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA high ranking warrior, as indicated by the red feathers and the arrangement of his headdress. The tattoo on his right side means that he has killed a man in battle.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RRUQYO0dBxHTbxDYZhYmS_TH4mylQvTFHk2EonthnWS4xiE-fAOAWvz8ZLWylxU2ytiteP",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9: Njemps warrior headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Njemps warrior wearing a lion mane headgear and holding a leather shield and spear.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tmy78YnmqxBkcbfQAQyux9f1wOMv5g-tmTAjG9-93UrBqfU4DeuqxfZJZGrYal-4tmmCm4CQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10: Kisa basketry headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Kisa man wearing a ceremonial outfit comprising of a basketry headdress decked with skin and feathers, and a leopard skin cloak.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R-btCZ2b1LkLgaR4tQdMsIFVEksEB8kPktx_4uyksGURcX2v3UKuPe3m1EIm6bPjRVVbS2nPw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11: Pokot warrior headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Pokot warrior dressed up for a dance.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYwxIH8mJZn2ijTNhU9EIV0cUVzTLWAbA7ocfCzA8965FtAAXPoIo654ng12z3qHi8n16OFw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12: Mbeere warrior headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Mbeere warrior in ceremonial wear, white ochre paintings, and ostrich feather headgear.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q75E6JI_yn_MTKxIXoxU-cakNAwRQ7lGeGDszIEPArlJqY-RB0OwnbOcWv-NcEEI45fGOgWg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13:Turkana elder attire\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Turkana elder dressed for a dance. His headdress is made of ostrich feathers.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QIxs9JcevtHOj32EjO4lwnBfbwO5NYb39MUrYcUc8CUgD-7OBfmpPC-CDv_elvt3DKk3OZww",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14: Samia headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Samia man adorned in ceremonial wear and bead necklaces.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RiazeCi4o0hkFpasJ1n-XEocj8y3rxxPeYJzfaouD4QhVgZ6vt8Iv0hAeyYcs7qAssUxSWbxk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15: Samia headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSamia warrior dressed in a ceremonial skirt and headdress, and armed with a shield and spear.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Kenyan Ornaments","Filled with history and symbolism","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TJpewa1WjdFs0l2jObXU-_pyN-sRHAZBRzUwXnM5yONEaiQtcps6rbx4NuTR-kctMyR7TgbnU","/story/mwVBinbBvOeoLQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"mwVBinbBvOeoLQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QSJckjLE09kH8SAPrFfk1-KMEE7bmDXaATrb590s0H8X4a5Ce9P8OXR46JQE7aSzoUW9MZvFU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe origins of ornamentation in Kenya\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe origins of ornamentation among Kenyan communities is undocumented but is believed to have begun hundreds of years ago. This has been demonstrated by archaeologists through excavations and recovery of ostrich egg shell beads in certain parts of the country.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RKYaZiXZYozvQ3IN86vweDIO8GMdgDf0vGFS-3Exg08Fw3eLHin96E8m5UC1Vi76OC3uayaA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe rich colors, shapes and functions of African ornaments\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Africa, body ornaments communicate ethnic background, social status, age and beliefs. Traditional ornaments appear in various forms, such as earrings, bracelets, armlets and belts, among others. They are also made from a variety of materials, ranging from leather, brass, stone, bone, iron, beads, and more.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S5c-3Oan2SSE46Dyzl--QNwMeJlkqto9pe8CSAbQzrggX1P38gUy4LGaYE_TOFk_s7E-5tz7JC",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOrnaments symbolising social status\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe material and design of the ornaments often indicated a person’s social status. In some communities, only leaders or members of special groups wore objects made of precious materials such as ivory or gold.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RRAkA7Rv11IEB46TkueA193oAHghojAhAidxSGsUTkic9PgQPF5cU7kM0EvNy1vNFokX6_t6-1",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSuk woman wearing symbols of wealth\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor instance, this Suk woman is wearing ornaments which indicate that she is married. The high number of ornaments she is adorned in is indicative of her husband\u0026#39;s wealth.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RRAkA7Rv11IEB46TkueA193oAHghojAhAidxSGsUTkic9PgQPF5cU7kM0EvNy1vNFokX6_t6-1",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDo you see her scars and body marks?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe ritual scars below her eyes, her lip plug and hairstyle all serve to enhance her beauty.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RRAkA7Rv11IEB46TkueA193oAHghojAhAidxSGsUTkic9PgQPF5cU7kM0EvNy1vNFokX6_t6-1",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eSee the blackish scar marks below her eyes.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RRAkA7Rv11IEB46TkueA193oAHghojAhAidxSGsUTkic9PgQPF5cU7kM0EvNy1vNFokX6_t6-1",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eSee the lip plug below her lower lip.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8cdEyzftTYqJMb52UidMhjBXrKLt1WvNeSAjieKAljIL3SfHqWL0D_-u1cBHGIxzxOX3D1Xw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChuka elder not wearing symbols of fertility\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an elderly Chuka woman. She is past childbearing age, which is indicated by the lack of cowrie shells on her adornments. Cowrie shells signify fertility in most African communities.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8cdEyzftTYqJMb52UidMhjBXrKLt1WvNeSAjieKAljIL3SfHqWL0D_-u1cBHGIxzxOX3D1Xw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDo you see the symbols of her advanced age?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe ornament on her forehead and her coat, and the very stretched ear lobes indicate that she elderly.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8cdEyzftTYqJMb52UidMhjBXrKLt1WvNeSAjieKAljIL3SfHqWL0D_-u1cBHGIxzxOX3D1Xw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat do you think her dull beads symbolise?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen daughters got married, they would inherit the bright beads from their mother\u0026#39;s ornaments, leaving the mother with the dull beads.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SbVVKajoKQxeP3IhmA_NaPsQY9eopklfev3xfLF32jRS2CYtzGHW3vYfqFuEXbk0easQrGiQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaasai girl wearing ornaments symbolising the rites of passage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Maasai girl initiate is wearing elaborate ornaments on her head and arms. The ornaments symbolise that she is past the age of initiation.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SbVVKajoKQxeP3IhmA_NaPsQY9eopklfev3xfLF32jRS2CYtzGHW3vYfqFuEXbk0easQrGiQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat do you think cowrie beads represent?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe cowrie bead headband represents fertility, and is an indicator that she has undergone the rite of passage from childhood to womanhood.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R9LAtYlVglaIt2gQmNPY6vduZB1D-L5oIRJ5liTxP_WMcNkHOxywrjVy_O06EROSO3oGn2XGk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBorana man wearing symbols of leadership\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Borana man is wearing a traditional turban with a metallic ornament called \u003ci\u003eKalacha\u003c/i\u003e, symbolizing his leadership status.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R9LAtYlVglaIt2gQmNPY6vduZB1D-L5oIRJ5liTxP_WMcNkHOxywrjVy_O06EROSO3oGn2XGk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat do his face marks symbolise?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSome communities add scarification and body paintings to convey symbolic meaning as well as personal style.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QP2VXVxGfFGM53CIPy1DC2HKzc730iTgOS-F2seH0ChlCLCwQ8K2RpFko9KD4xGa40uf6Z2ew",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA Borana man wearing Kalacha\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Borana man sells traditional ornaments and objects. He is wearing a metallic ornament called \u003ci\u003eKalacha\u003c/i\u003e, which was used to symbolise leadership status.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RBeS12atjYpFpF-I2-0-MgJxrJOh3_SvQ-3SSWMtEa5BFrQw0BHAtYPTbflcZ_asJPtixO8A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSamia man wearing ceremonial mask\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Samia man is wearing a traditional mask, which was used at a ceremony marking the afterlife. He wears it to conceal his identity. The mask is made of hide decorated with \u003ci\u003eErythrina\u003c/i\u003e seeds.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RBeS12atjYpFpF-I2-0-MgJxrJOh3_SvQ-3SSWMtEa5BFrQw0BHAtYPTbflcZ_asJPtixO8A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat do you think the headdress represents?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe headdress is made of colobus monkey hair, bird skull, porcupine quill and a \u003ci\u003eSolanum\u003c/i\u003e fruit. A pig jaw is hung on the neck, alongside ostrich egg shell beads. The elaborate headdress symbolises that he is the leader of the ceremony.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SY1if9EGGeV2o545j40ujR58S6z4WSjZATNiPV4lVPA-ArEhD1M2cUvy5eruLscjFdMSZDtg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBeautiful beads and their origin to Africa\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to oral history, beads have a long and rich history since before the coming of the first Arabs, Indians and Europeans. They can be traced to the period before the arrival of Europeans in the late 1800s, when handcrafted jewelry was made from sticks, ostrich egg shells, dik-dik bones, seeds, dried grasses and other natural materials.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sd7X43aUwthBwVU7Pb6VRp3fJoTvnAsFbTEX6QvjXT2l_IAAb80kpp9G1a7m1KJ32YQsLQgho",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGlass beads in Africa\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWith the arrival of Europeans and Indians came the trading of supplies for glass beads. Glass-beaded ornaments feature in images of local communities from the mid-nineteenth century.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TM55s_-QwCQVVthDdbGq_htzEW0HBhd_IG03nlX4Wfq2W_s4V0VmVdxIXSSCK2s47a1GbQWA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe price of craftsmanship\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe quantity of beadwork was dependent on cash resources, while the quality was dependent on the beading techniques, which were varied, labor-intensive and time-consuming. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe makers of beaded ornaments, who were mostly women, not only made use of imported beads to transform traditional forms, but also possibly borrowed designs from other sources introduced through trade.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QA6Clva-9ZGkTbFu_Zcngp0rkWe14WO2JHyCpJVi8EJjRh8KounIyJV5PdGdnvxr_2QDtgGg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBeads were a currency during colonial times\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBeadwork is traditionally an activity for women and was originally not done for commercial purposes. During the colonial period, beads were offered as a form of currency or as a form of discount on traded goods.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S5QX_AXjvNJZPvRFAEV6-b5At0Gn1Cg_zBN8rP4KOR7IJmEMRLDqGK_lNWlqTxXyXnPiZhzAY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTharaka girl wearing symbols of wealth\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Tharaka girl wears beaded ornaments, which are an indication of her father\u0026#39;s wealth.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SToZSH8XcOofy-ABF8qpo2vrSPMEhJArUmimGOweactdrIGNeKul5pojmAoBS4IVnxy3GI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTharaka woman wearing symbols of social status\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Tharaka woman\u0026#39;s ornaments indicate she is married to a wealthy husband, and the brass earrings indicate that she has children.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TXEAsbJjy7TTA0UUNzhFWWgmhqeWSr4reWafKf8BTBx7KJbpn4JP-HMy9ZC23lytcJ9swuNA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBorana woman wearing symbols of wealth\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Borana woman is wearing ceremonial metal jewelry, indicating her wealth. Her necklace, back ornament, rings, armlets and wristlets are all made of different metals with various symbolic meanings.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]]]],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,18,"SimpleStack","EditorialSection:868d972a-6c2b-404e-857b-dee67c6e05b5"],["stella.edit.sect",["Contain Yourself!",null,null,null,null,1],41,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","28 Incredible Vessels Used by Kenyan Communities","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RTNm98SSOmPBY57t587KB7qsqjJ_HsHoW3vIrGfC6mzi7CwUfzmVA94Epca7qIu21Pwt40Ww","/story/_gUx7TIiep4KKA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null,"Discover",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:6072abfe-cd40-4f00-a026-22f5debc24b3","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RTNm98SSOmPBY57t587KB7qsqjJ_HsHoW3vIrGfC6mzi7CwUfzmVA94Epca7qIu21Pwt40Ww","m_I2-4EfuwpekzRe12e_-zUPL_s",[0.47825637,0.54482204,0,0.78574216,0.6775975],null,null,null,[5648,3744]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"_gUx7TIiep4KKA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TwirSQ7z67_6zkSGQ4egSVAQ8yp1PAsuhgECl-WS0Bh3h-knSwmCtfaQB8tW9eu9HYt01jUA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat is a container?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eContainers are one of the five items classified as critical in conveying material culture. The other classifications are tools, ornaments, body carvings and furniture. Kenyan communities developed containers to satisfy the need to cook, carry and store things. Container designs, shapes and materials reflect the many ways in which the different Kenyan communities kept, carried and stored things. This exhibit takes you through various traditional containers used by Kenyan communities.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RJa799E-FO4rtcKGpvOd9rP0VhSadp1HFFj-30wyvNlUOqZdNyl961sNGispRla_gsNikb",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDesign and function\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe shapes of containers were determined by what they stored and the materials used to make them. Materials used included vegetal plant material, wood, leather/skin, clay/ceramic, metals, and a mixture of different materials. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSome of the items that would have been stored in these containers included milk, water, honey, meat and also snuff.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eContainers were also used for religious functions, divination and ceremonial functions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SptlbRjRPhQnpGxBlfNLUU5BajjktST-PJMCXOaoLnKzdqJOsVtqw16Ejr4YG3MUSoqNMWwnU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1: Luyia narrow-necked pots for storing water\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis pot \u003ci\u003eisiongo\u003c/i\u003e was made by Luyia women and used to store cold water for household use.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eClay containers were best known for water storage. Water pots were made impervious so that the water inside was kept cool due to evaporation on the outside wall of the pot.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T4F5E7TGeGI00nRi3hR_p49_OQKf4RNg8z6IOBKl21vQLiWEFb0nA0JQiBHMWHs7KiVd_6-M0X",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2: Luo wide-mouthed round pots for cooking fish\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a bowl shaped clay pot (\u003ci\u003eoigla\u003c/i\u003e) with four lugs. It was made by a woman potter and used for cooking fish. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePots were made with a wide mouth to allow fish to be cooked in one piece or in large pieces.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T7tYC7F4ICOykkFcRBVF60w_jinqCH1p2nRjofH6CYokANuSn61ea5CsUsXHrMsj-RxnpEduZn",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3: Pokot pot for brewing beer\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a clay pot known by the Pokot as \u003ci\u003eLoch\u003c/i\u003e. It has a narrow neck and spout, and was used for making beer. The small hole was used as a spout for pouring the beer out of, while the materials used for brewing beer were placed inside the large hole. Beer pots do not have handles because beer was never served hot. This type of pot was common among the Kipsigis, the Nandi and the Pokot communities.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QO7cK6TvVrFu4f7Wp-uHCuUC3awT1z-UoG8Rq9XX99iLCo30I5wV_WfdVNNP0NfsLwgx5Whco",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4: Samburu storage pot\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a small jar (\u003ci\u003emoti lengweshi\u003c/i\u003e) with a tall neck. It was made by the Ogiek and Samburu for storing meat and fat for the dry season, when food was scarce. These pots were never made with handles.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RikRW4y2unhr1mJ_5zdMwthLu5WqgQfIBTDcWoxu1XleFtBNaM1bIeg20LaCTvwv5BI-y_lQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5: Somali baskets weaved using roots of a tree\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a large water container (\u003ci\u003ehan\u003c/i\u003e). It was made by Somali women from the roots of the \u003ci\u003ebararh\u003c/i\u003e tree, which they considered the best fiber for making such baskets. The roots were boiled before they were weaved into a basket. The basket was made watertight by repeatedly smoking it with burning wood of the \u003ci\u003ekorasum\u003c/i\u003e tree. The gummy smoke produced would entirely seal the inside of the container while it was wet.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TEIqxDcjYVO7UDypDU2_SpfouTv2qYv9LAmoR_0_oxdIeCLOhD4o7aTjdsLqfH8cMxYE-rBVg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6: Borana water container made from roots\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis water container (\u003ci\u003eokolle\u003c/i\u003e) was made using fiber obtained from the roots of the \u003ci\u003emiyaa\u003c/i\u003e tree and used for collecting and storing water. It was never dipped in water, but would have been filled using a different container to preserve it.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QtK2VhIvzMJS6_BVMV4WZSgioc1my4n2yjb5HNv1IiyAfOufg4okV6mgTEGCLNE4c",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7: Coastal containers made from coconut stems\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis container with a stand was made from the stems and reeds of the palm tree. It was used by women living in coastal areas to store and carry food.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rk_HzDnujxEoUpfeR11cfrO3KvxvFZXi2M9AkdDk2bpS-VzIS-T_nQTfM-MmogQvqO7UpELw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8: Marakwet winnowing basket\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a winnowing basket made from reeds. It was used by women for clearing chaff from cereals and for drying.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R15Ef7O1UzTEjerJVG3pJNF1x6qi7Z4gqT3J0VeZYfUO0ZW3yIAG4QPC1jVtBRiXMgg-QzBw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9: The Mbeere kiondo\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis twined basket (\u003ci\u003ekiondo\u003c/i\u003e) was made from fibre. The fibre was cut and boiled before being twined by women to make string. The strings were then woven and used to carry items.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T7l1g2aXl6klCRzChkv5L0PDukeiXV1uQa-tOYLXOMSijjbnEhPRG0xOJ4Ja1V8r061VeB6Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10: Luo granary\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a granary (\u003ci\u003eDero\u003c/i\u003e) used to store different kinds of grains. The conical roof was made using millet stocks and then thatched with grass. The base of the granary was made by continuous twisting of the soft twigs, and held by crossed branches.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLuo grain stores were either made from wickerwork or papyrus reeds, and the insides were plastered with cow dung. A short ladder from a forked branch would be placed against the body of the granary for access.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSuch granaries are fast disappearing from modern Luo homesteads.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S-O8Ig4EMRBr96tEd7xSMnzYVaJ3H_mf2q88zhQw7oIQmQNGlvKomcbTBrEc9y-Bfj5wIhikWX",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11: Borana wooden container\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis milk container was made from wood and partly woven by women. It was curved using an adze, has a lid decorated with cowrie shells, and leather strap for ease when carrying. It was used by Borana women to carry milk and water.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qgl9haMOFGNTxDrDfaxN0ocJs_l2e4tijR90c7lUmCyNCuC7atNTFnCqtbtlN2BRadSw_x-QKp",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12: Somali pot\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis pot was made of wood from the \u003ci\u003edamaja\u003c/i\u003e (\u003ci\u003eCommiphora candidula sprague\u003c/i\u003e) tree and fiber straps obtained from the \u003ci\u003ekharari\u003c/i\u003e tree. The tree was cut using an axe and adze, and the decorative part was carved using a knife. It was used by women to store fresh milk for their children.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SQ0hUmts1UP5uf-DjLy4d7Hm74Uqtdj6-acjmr861P9R8M_iX5a9j9GrpZzTGsD5pQuS2ncw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13: Turkana milk container\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis milk container (\u003ci\u003eelepit\u003c/i\u003e) is made of wood from \u003ci\u003eedwaite\u003c/i\u003e tree and animal hide for the straps. The decorative dots design is made using a heated rod metal. It is used for milking animals.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QsPMsbJyPOsJlOLYKVXK2cbAXfg59IIxCSqXefvhpGebA9BKldJ8DcnDpRmArPupBBEIiSb7U",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14: Maasai milk and blood gourd\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis small short gourd (\u003ci\u003eekukuri\u003c/i\u003e) was used to collect blood from slaughtered cows, or milk when milking. It was smoked out with wood called \u003ci\u003eOloirien\u003c/i\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QdDEYWTY6rD2ha6xrK0UTYElaSIrWZCcIt9b71BTKEa-RkTYOxuB9CZ1p5cymyeUNuGAJLjQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15: Marakwet gourd\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis gourd was cut at the top and had the seeds removed. It was used to carry drinking water.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QO0rRveHi7l15o7xnK7vhISoBd-XoWOc2Ye0fbYgVXYuZXbuIUZKsyqJrU8ja6hBq6Q94ybw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16: Akamba porridge gourd\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis large gourd (\u003ci\u003ekikuu\u003c/i\u003e) was decorated using smoke dye. It was made using the fruit of a plant, which has been harvested and dried. The head was cut and the seeds inside removed. It was used for carrying porridge.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tc2M7A42oimzmhU7dqNasjeLGlXCQTHyENGSXznge0_ZIhxQxQr50YGjKIspJ-vCUdGrw_",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17: Marakwet calabashes\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese calabashes (\u003ci\u003eMongwo\u003c/i\u003e) were made from gourds cut in half. The contents were removed and ashes put in them, before leaving them in the sun for six days. After that the ashes were removed and the calabash cleaned. They were used by the Marakwet to drink milk from, or for holding grains, flour or food.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T2uS7eGx1pL7uxrrL3rKgbv-gc5cF7FwtzeLwUkBqIg0f3kfccqpj6LLU04U3bQG1hAi5jBQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18: Calabash for decorating the house\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis calabash (\u003ci\u003enzele\u003c/i\u003e) is decorated with various colors. It was used for serving porridge to the elders and as a decoration in the house.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QA-qPaKd78h4wi49lZbTK7c6hfHUkSkY8x7b94LBiSGB0_0sdnLQq7EwiBfXNWZdq19k1TDA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19: Muthambi beer drinking horn\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis drinking horn (\u003ci\u003erugoji\u003c/i\u003e) was cut from a cow by a craftsman, using a knife, after the cow had been slaughtered. It was used by old Muthambi men for drinking local beer.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TC256UvMPVRhHqKMuMgG9UoL7pozBE1h-lMomuuvrXJrY63sUdRyUe5JnBXX5UuxgrctXOJuY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20: Pokot fat horn\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis cow horn (\u003ci\u003elal\u003c/i\u003e) with a hide lid was used to store fat. The fat may also have been mixed with \u003ci\u003eokup\u003c/i\u003e (black colouring), which was used to polish ornaments.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SyPfCVWBBvSXtdbd6Teh2XERhN0fgt9qGXYNZ0VcmIuI2B8gy15mnkod7ZQMt6tLx1Zjguz7U",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21: Horns as snuff containers by the Tharaka community\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis snuff container (\u003ci\u003ekinyuiro\u003c/i\u003e) is made of a bushbuck horn, and the lid from animal skin. It contains a small brush inside, which was used to apply snuff to the nostrils. It was made and used by men only. Old Tharaka men carried them around on their belts.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SY4t2Svi-AEdfWmAx-w6ZVyXyu5BaktJ_ShrxpUBsa-rmpFSt1BJ5r9GTuPpx_4sjecukx-Vvc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22: Kikuyu marriage cup\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis drinking cup was made from a cow horn (\u003ci\u003erohia\u003c/i\u003e), wood and an iron handle, and symbolizes respect among the Kikuyu. A young man seeking a girl\u0026#39;s hand in marriage from her father would usually be served porridge from this cup upon arrival.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SSPITTNtxstZ5Uvsxi219gfUbfvumeEiNXCY-RJzQyhqcu_wwWF8OhXu2xY1DzUZtdz5MBQHg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23: Turkana meat containers\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis wooden container was used to store meat. The wood was cut and carved into a container with an outlet at the top. It was then smoothed, and skin added to the lower part and around the neck. A leather lid was made and a skin strap woven to act as a handle for the container.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TBpafTmtWWtmFGQdMmBGiO9Jm6loD2zI4BuRfvf7EyUA48Uayt4RFXyrHarLLZmzzTC5Tf",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24: Samburu milk container\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a narrow necked milk gourd, with leather thongs and a wooden cork on top as a lid. It was cut from a creeping plant, then put in the hot sunshine for several days to dry. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe mouth was then cut and the substance inside it removed using a stick. It was cleaned out with water and finally fumigated or smoked inside. It was used for churning milk.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S4BOoedsFonZXmD1A3LtaKRJ3zLvH95K_usu-28mxD4NlM1oNOZYLXCoX8ZA8HUO0hsPhgHg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25: Camel hide containers for storing butter among the Turkana\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis large container (\u003ci\u003engatuma\u003c/i\u003e) was made from camel hide by Turkana women, and used for storing butter.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qww7bEjggsq7z7QFuULQvjEYcEvZHiBW4aRZdWqqBidpwYExBHXgVNPd1vP5xm2B22zsMN2un8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26: Marakwet honey containers\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis hide container was made from buffalo skins. Buffalo hides were trimmed and stitched at the edges with buffalo tendon by piercing the holes with a strong awl. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhile leather containers were usually made and used by men, for collecting honey from the forest, wooden containers were typically used for storage.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QYRVCDuy_HQihiJB8UCUkmuIrZkMrJUTbi0nh-s8ashD2Efdp1SwCJcP982IBJsQr_UceoK1Gn",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27: Swahili kettle made using Indian design\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis kettle was made from copper, with Indian design decorations, and used by the Swahili for serving tea.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SSdiz2dAv8SefCNw5uxi-97Lt5BeY3yR80EbHSwwwKBHRxkjvZLoMgAbPAi5LnmvYY1hh2zg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e28: Marakwet tea pot\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an old metal kettle (\u003ci\u003ekibirika\u003c/i\u003e), which was used as a tea container and also as storage for small items.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]]]],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,19,"SmallBanner","EditorialSection:8b21ae5a-dbb9-4f02-bba8-f5f6f05508aa"],["stella.edit.sect",["The people who wear their pride","Flair and function in Kenyan fashion",null,null,null,1],8,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","Body Marks, Makeup, and Scarification","Social, historical, and traditional meanings behind body modifications","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QLBewSiG8f7FlTaLJ-_b5hPhmmM1SpkR0ojxYeGuxSuHtYw7e1yTO1Xwe1UgQAHkTdIPI_1fw","/story/PgWxegfzRa0qKA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," ",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:ba72dd26-907b-4ab0-8dad-ab9f6124c448","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QLBewSiG8f7FlTaLJ-_b5hPhmmM1SpkR0ojxYeGuxSuHtYw7e1yTO1Xwe1UgQAHkTdIPI_1fw","kKMhJ4O7haP3LJ68Xj27P2uf1g4",[0.5,0.4013088,0,1.6391312,0.49264705],null,null,null,[2600,3858]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"PgWxegfzRa0qKA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TWxJWgFAFXB-S0P1NwtjovucapLZ1GU6q44hmHDOdpfRzwOGamsBTqQCQbXv3HEp8LSrDBPDc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAfrican body markings\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAfrica has a rich culture of body markings, which is an integral part of society, history, and traditions. Body markings were and are both temporary and permanent modifications of the body, which transmit complex messages about identity and social status. They emphasize social, political, and religious roles.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TUywX0j0hYrV7-qDXDYhPAvKR6H9oPd8k6EI0_PliGDK4xCFt51iLtOfEKhbBK4TRdX2xABNBZ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWearing your identity card\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn some traditional African communities, body markings were like wearing your identity card on your face. In the past, and in certain areas today, it is a mark of pride, and a major aesthetic and cultural component.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qs88nE_yNu4b8HKtV4eYhM93Y0ZHeAuNt1DyND5UdSqObylZBkIPfocvP1oaV5iDGYbdoiIkWk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOchre\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe most common temporary body markings included ochre, charcoal and henna paintings. Ochre was mostly used by the Maa speaking communities to make decorative marks during celebrations or to apply on hair specifically by warriors (morans). Ochre would be mixed with water for body decorations, and animal fat for hair applications.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SfEWzpDcqou6pjniGGY5lZYzBG58DEqqdO_mjwlOabf-FGqMBG-6UIAauv2l-BgbxJg0IrEw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA warrior in his element\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eJust like this Samburu warrior, distinctive body marks were used to differentiate someone from everyone else. In every ethnic community, body marks told an individual\u0026#39;s gender, rank in society, family and clan, in addition to symbolizing beauty or strength.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SlK3nZrZhplLl2p2u9x0RhZtXwU25zqapoQqKCPTp9ybpJlqBMUefxhgFKvgh2IK8CUY_gN14",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEunoto ceremony\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs part of the Eunoto ceremony, morans traditionally applied red ochre to their heads. The color symbolises rebirth, strength and courage.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RfdzpyUjy05ig5jlZKpmrK_ntfkQDl8FgYDoM0NQgyoYkqviZxfI-hBt7HSShRXWPAkPx4"],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TQAr76Ja-agO-m0_Z4WeX7ZOfOc4GWvom2U0wc40Vt-dVvOg10EClQuYVlQUL0vqY7dO7-dQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDifferent preparations for ochre\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a Muthambi boy prepared for circumcision. His body is decorated with white ochre.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T_MXymMojmLlRwhygYd7X2W-p4NSdyOZh3kRvI59tLm_o7IjNlrMSGBwU9QxjHY-__F2-OvAM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePlant-based dyes\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe coastal communities, especially the Swahili, traditionally favored the heavy usage of henna – a strong, plant-based dye that leaves black marks on the skin. Henna dye was used to draw temporary tattoos across the feet, palms, and face as a form of decoration, exclusively for women.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S5Srwu-3L2kjytGQ00wZjjk8PKseFAktcRWMp4m2Z4F16v1HBisXaoR76Vccuq8cGr6PuE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaulidi festival\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDecorative henna body art is also used today. It is applied during important occasions, including weddings and at the annual Maulidi festival.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TpfqgSfzPuhLFu0DiGgoxhUnkLjPLzXe4ga1VsDYluoAx3TfqnGu_0ZXj0ngwvFb4RuFVHNpDG"],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Ts9Hv7sdD9svv4UxnyoAUbIAFTIJ9e474nDGfGLRhX47wTHKg0pIRDFIEQ21AZLPGobUS8AA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDressed for a wedding\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBody markings to express beauty were worn by girls to mark stages of life such as puberty and marriage. For instance, this Kikuyu bride is ready to assume a new, elevated status in society.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Ts9Hv7sdD9svv4UxnyoAUbIAFTIJ9e474nDGfGLRhX47wTHKg0pIRDFIEQ21AZLPGobUS8AA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eNote her intricate facial make-up, especially the detail around her eyes. These marks were ornamental and made women more attractive to men.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RRAkA7Rv11IEB46TkueA193oAHghojAhAidxSGsUTkic9PgQPF5cU7kM0EvNy1vNFokX6_t6-1",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eScarification\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eScarification is the practice of incising the skin with a sharp instrument, such as a knife, glass, stone, or coconut shell, in such a way as to control the shape of the scar tissue on various parts of the body. This Pokot woman has markings under her eyes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TKYFG8THbznni929rKMt2jQMYyzorpgrg2Li_F3wh7iCa5ZQXR4IOYWBOEM78FwAmMjxzFc-kp",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe appeal behind scars\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePermanent marks such as scars were regarded as appealing to touch as well as to look at, but also as testimony that women could withstand the pain of childbirth. Note the raised scars on this warrior\u0026#39;s chest.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TKYFG8THbznni929rKMt2jQMYyzorpgrg2Li_F3wh7iCa5ZQXR4IOYWBOEM78FwAmMjxzFc-kp",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eForming scar tissue\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSome communities used cicatrisation, which is a technique where a gash is made on the skin with a sharp instrument. The skin is then irritated by rubbing caustic plant juices onto the wound to form blisters, which eventually healed to leave such raised scars.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDark pigments such as ground charcoal were sometimes rubbed onto the wound for emphasis. These cuts, when healed, form raised scars. Beautiful and complex designs depended on the artist’s skills but also on a person’s tolerance to pain.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SUO8H6c8X3FTzi-qxhU1WahLOAxSC2eo_bLB3Nm2-M8OvfqhE22BTRcyTJHVdt4p4R8FG_NpNz",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSculpting scars\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePermanent body markings such as scarification are sometimes made on sculptures that can be seen in some museums around the world.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RTrXZW8lmpP3jzcH6ceVZtmRwNvc94T844ySoO7i7EINOqzVk6SVe14PXDilxWIhwB_65P3LGn",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe ritual significance of scars on sculptures\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eScarification patterns on sculptures are not only marks of beauty, but marks of one’s lineage as well, and in some cases protection against evil spirits.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Dressing to Impress","Traditional clothing and its meaning","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TXigC6t8844gj0HRHq6i8HFBaghKaTlmvp27ZTCPRu6AcKvVRW-BJFbMWiT_aTxtjXTVKm","/story/2gVxl7dyBXPLJg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," ",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:53ff823a-dee5-4403-af2e-bea8187a4c95","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TXigC6t8844gj0HRHq6i8HFBaghKaTlmvp27ZTCPRu6AcKvVRW-BJFbMWiT_aTxtjXTVKm","T-CXdghLKr9NH2pFC5YUG1QI15I",[0.5,0.2506407,0,1.0505453,0.34496894],null,null,null,[2600,3531]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"2gVxl7dyBXPLJg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R3RKQ9mfo5_nkC12ErHdy0WE-psgyMlo671n__pKb7LS-L07mKxMAMSvw24E5YXsrDhGbBZaU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWe wear culture\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Africa an individual’s clothing will not only serve as protection from the elements of weather but also gives information about the wearer, which includes their community, gender, marital status and age. Contemporary African clothing has foreign influence but maintains a lot of traditional style and meaning.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QDO34cb-pgUM6rEOcvOr6MbNQ76NOt1Bjlj-ETVaUD9Hg2Bnkpw3_DBMqDfm_kQy7DFMvDk-A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe symbolism behind traditional attire\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis old Tugen man wears an elder\u0026#39;s gown and headdress, clearly showing his social status in his community. Traditionally, the Tugen lived in the Rift Valley, Kenya.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S8TvAsVatu_emN8qZ55UeiQZKx2BG6S2WcN1_4MI0H_kbgPXJ4b78NDX62wOz4xtj14V2x",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSymbolizing wealth \u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an old Kikuyu man wearing an outfit symbolizing his wealth. Traditionally the Kikuyu community lived in Central Kenya.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SBHI4ecadsuIUrKW3wHzuvLlbF6nKciJMB1R5vcmlK_lMrJ9JcTXJy7rhMC9KZIv841rbNWA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSymbolizing leadership\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Pokomo chief\u0026#39;s traditional regalia signifies his social status as a leader.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TpJe1a0MtcV5kGapId3V56zTwpe31LAuGGDkoUaDvYz8y1xiQq4RZv7anrdV5z3G8ePQ3DCQqZ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCeremonial dress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a married woman from the Imenti sub-community of the Meru, Eastern Kenya. She is dressed in a ceremonial dress and ornaments.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QY8Dq-r_sWzkQcPoyjMijBqYcANc9PJcM4O3fz401BZPsxQsAlKqgJc7oWdWnjzEIUaRTo-A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is a married woman from the Borana community, North-Eastern Kenya, in ceremonial wear.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RQ9CbeNDJGJBaLdX74t4-HJFgE8BsvJaHL_kUSCMJgCHNSPSt_-AuSm5GHSwyNCO7k4GSHuI8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAnimal skins\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Samburu man is dressed in a skin bark cloth and headdress. He is holding a shield and spear.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnimal skin was the most common traditional African cloth. Different communities wore different animals\u0026#39; skin, and processed them in various ways. The most common was cow hide, which was used to make cloaks, aprons and skirts.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R0PYQre3e--n6C4wNrH1EV4_pVyaBGzV0H8w08xgU96QHM_mN5o8LDoFhT-n9wjSPanMFQVw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eClothing as a statement of bravery\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe most outstanding was lion skin, which was mostly worn by warriors as a sign of bravery. This is an illustration of a Maasai warrior, commonly referred to as Moran, in ceremonial regalia and traditional weaponry.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TrdbgDDmTrg3CxyTXTwqFkUvxX1zzb93IVS0QOe7LzqmigqIaG5xUd45ItxJH8BVYlNbubhg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA crown to show bravery\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe lion’s mane was worn as head gear among the Maasai to identify a warrior who had killed a lion in their lifetime.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QXsGCO_N_bkFcHBwvgxP9_m-lFd8MOu588B3CaIKFlFw0wiwVN8_Uxddseqfx5c4KWMcu0dAQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEvolution of traditional clothing\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHumanity has used animal hides for clothing since the Paleolithic period. Between the 5th and 15th centuries, leather craft was developed, and various innovations have been applied through the centuries.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_StZWQ9n0khgSmM7gdrSLudYdCxxuXqs7gDo2aA4a8BdsbmdIHBeiPcJxwcCSNVv0yimSnOHosG",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTanning techniques\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditional communities used sophisticated tanning techniques of raw hides and skins. These traditional methods are still practiced by various communities – among them, the Turkana, Pokot, Samburu and Somali ethnic groups in Kenya.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SnD8kq92wldhLhmVjABf6aRkWtU2SpMUmRW1obyL8Ozryey74_-1Mianpux0uQ4DZp2pKSqp4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe techniques used for tanning are unique to each ethnic group. In some cases, it involves using the bark of trees, ash, lemon, or fermented bran. Leather tanners are specialized and respected members of the community as the craft has cultural importance amongst these ethnic groups. Leather tanned by these methods is used for a variety of activities and items, ranging from belts, bead works, wallets, traditional skirts, prayer mats, sword holders, beds, and covering material for traditional housing, amongst other uses.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qr_0ct4Y_Bw4PR7N6huF0G-E1uaW3cnYAdu8YxupJIvBQ-kn1jHPnYpuiju9WXLOfLXGtsBg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTigania women wearing leather attire\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an illustration of a Tigania woman wearing a leather beaded dress, cowrie shell belt, and metallic leg and arm ornaments.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SmSetiduSz4lc3Xk72yMrwX6fZrENGaGj6Fm3z1_9zOp9j31k7AWCAxqR4huLJRdB2SLQs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eContemporary dressing with a traditional touch\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an image of an elderly Kamba man in contemporary clothing but influenced by traditional designs. Kamba men traditionally pierced and elongated their earlobes in a similar style.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QQFl-TnEMyv1a-YF6w3jAHROKGavC0j9lbSO9KYHAA-UsSG17QjpbGgpnySnA5zsWJTBiF",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kanga: the talking cloth worn by all\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kanga (Leso) has deep cultural, historical and economic significance throughout the Indian Ocean region and, for more than 100 years, it has remained one of the most popular cultural items across East Africa. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWithin Kenya, the Kanga is a common thread that links and unites cultures, the young and older people, men and women, rich and poor, and locals and foreigners in the colourful, dynamic world of its design.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Maasai Crafts and Fashions","The beautiful craftsmanship and distinctive fashions of the Maasai community","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SS-OzvfC5YCNTy6w-G32ks5ollUPYWneJkDugztF6wjNLwgGyDb1jocmu3pkwI1Z-T8qtN","/story/ggURaG-t_WgykA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"ggURaG-t_WgykA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"],[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R0YyGInD9BU9lddILXaRArpktw2oU-FE62rV16YpRuw9q920oYsz0A6rsNMsOrhcVAB9Gj0A","A distinctive dress sense",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Maasai community are known for their distinctive dress and decorative beaded jewelry. Different Maasai sub-groups can be distinguished by the color combinations of their beaded jewelry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tnke0-EpeA3bHNAjSi6KG3Hn6eq6ZtWZronMqFdebfPtI5RIUAHlcRggKRbJurZMsEWpzPMiA","Woven identity",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Maasai blanket or \u0026#39;red shuka cloth\u0026#39; is perhaps one of the most recognizable symbols of Kenya and the Maasai identity. The Maasai blanket is dominantly red, and made of strong thread, enabling it to endure the harsh weather.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_ReDvfxI_EsKbPTNo8yMjPmuX9u_WnebVRdt4CwDC_AffdYxc22nYFn2zu5-d4LGnYWX545ew","Beaded jewelry",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Maasai are known for making decorative beaded jewelry including necklaces, earrings, headbands, wrist and ankle bracelets. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q7184fV4kGsoQWxL50oHQKxBC_UQDR4q8DKCkQEspqtYM_nv5xWJ7FncEhSnNnSbo5Xzo5Fg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis \u003ci\u003eEnkononkoi\u003c/i\u003e, blue beaded necklace, is strung on a cowhide thong. It was made and worn to show that a woman had many daughters to be circumcised or married. It was also given to men by their fathers as an inheritance.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SmMqDr444jeY6uzIbHldBYhtiqcVOqzaT1MYkofQwyvlQ5UTGD8no_KPJ13_LOXdk0fhUfPdpo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis long leather strap is cut from cow skin and decorated with coloured beads. It was made by a skilled craftsgirl and worn by warriors, as an accessory around the waist, when performing traditional dances. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QyTtR7eUEl1b8q2Dr4EpKKWhx62N9rYDIo5iTukE0QdbcG7NLOG6NkvBXv2DaNR_325PPOtbY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eWorn by Maasai warriors, this apron is made of cow skin and decorated with metal and red, white, yellow, orange, green and blue beads. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rbq1U4_-XhYmkhiWz9Q4bp6-ubK7LWX3dCEdWx2k1JROafshqj01b-eyIN9gqSA86Zunqc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eTo make this bag, buffalo hide was folded while still wet, and the edges were stitched. When the hide was dry, the hairs were removed using a metal scraper. The bag was used to store food and personal objects. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"Maasai Culture","A distinctive dress sense and beaded jewelry"]],["stella.common.cobject","Ogiek Fashions","Celebrate the artistry of Ogiek clothing design","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T5XbU5L0DzFpEgtLCxem2x8jaPmOdnfWud8JSppATHaQ3h_j4K926KhhJmMhZtRzh2TaF48Q","/story/dwXxZ3ms8_xYgg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," ",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:15953d58-be63-4327-a9a9-ef584e53593c","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T5XbU5L0DzFpEgtLCxem2x8jaPmOdnfWud8JSppATHaQ3h_j4K926KhhJmMhZtRzh2TaF48Q","j3af_hZxCgwxWVypA7YMQr2NoXs",[0.39581063,0.50120586,0,2.2934024,0.88805556],null,null,null,[3865,4586]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"dwXxZ3ms8_xYgg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"],[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Ssdn3HPAYUxqX3YO9GoAX9af55ek1qG5mf48yPNEdFk-qDD0xLiuMlcisbttcsPgMIH4wXTg","Meet the Ogiek",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Ogiek live in Kenya\u0026#39;s Mau and Elgon forests. They are known as farmers and beekeepers, but are also skilled artists who make clothing and ornaments.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R6OJxBaLKNyrJota4qxvy7y9FE1BGyNm62baHfgeOAyRk8mqal-qv0eYEdIqIb_V_-fYdZ9zs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis was traditionally a women\u0026#39;s recreational activity, while the men made and dressed themselves in prestigious wild animal skins, and adorned themselves with plumes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QYlqO_7mSl5ReWDOH8WKn2kYGE6Y96jyawuMQ2bh0FG4jJlxJgFW989_uRFx-O0NBfQj4Au3Y",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis large cape was made of thirty three hyrax skins, sewn together in three rows of eleven skins. It was made by women and girls, and would have been worn by both men and women when they went to the forest. These kind of capes were also used instead of sheets and blankets.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RZWqWQdaUat4vUYfvQ2bht0S_xp6fXrQKcye0JJdrjYC9EK7tuwGXEm7kRoB3tMZl2tpfUUlM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis beautifully designed coat (\u003ci\u003eaguriek top poinik\u003c/i\u003e) is made of monkey skin and cow hide. It was made and worn by men while hunting and gathering in the forest, and during traditional ceremonies. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S6khGWyjJlyplsT8xPClBE--FKsN7T0mzRhyh_UlM48E2x05_Sa79k97ah04lWB4ISLfGQAhQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis cape was made from the skins of about eighteen hyrax, decorated round the neck with a few small beads. It was made by women and girls, and both men and women wore them for warmth. One of these capes would last around seven years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_THw2MypgozZEKgtFGpL77-hr-DBQqL4HOkONHUp95JirN3NFhaUVFPPE7hmvH_maIpFHW6PA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis monkey skin and cotton cloth headdress was stitched and worn by men. It would have been worn while out hunting and gathering.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TxdD0jMEoUN7pyiUlFPtgeNtJfEoaW_EvoGcw87vBEYgNqT5aro54knoNBte-Dz7TE88hcdzLJ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis cap is made from the skin of a blue duiker (a small antelope) and was used by young middle-aged men. It has a few beads to make eyelet holes for thongs, which would hold it on the head. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Dress Like the Samburu Butterfly People","The ornaments, clothing, and hair styles of this colourful community","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RTCtJcLvpCfGNxGza1J8yizL4fSm-YHuI42gR_JG2nQ9QI0DUetb98SvCa3-L1uEG_sB45og","/story/jwWx7Xju10LWBQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"jwWx7Xju10LWBQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"],[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R7i-sEO5uXTG3PFBPqlhmcnhHKB9O4HKVsziJ28k74r8r7I9chUefb_P22mP_YSmH6OGxed5k","Meet the Samburu",[null,"\u003cp\u003eInternationally known for their beautiful and colorful ornaments, attire and hairstyles, the Samburu community are sometimes referred to as \u0026#39;The Butterfly People\u0026#39;.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RGvVytoYti6fHA7hjJ3RNegT06MZvBA-qQYs7RJj5Qv31AffHLeVCN7a-xnqJ71pnO00GBjGle",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThey make clothes and ornaments from animal skin, beads, shells and brass. Men dye their hair with red ochre. Warriors (Morans) keep their long hair in braids, and dress in more colourful attire than other members of the community.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SfEWzpDcqou6pjniGGY5lZYzBG58DEqqdO_mjwlOabf-FGqMBG-6UIAauv2l-BgbxJg0IrEw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe women adorn themselves in beautiful multi-colored beaded necklaces, and other traditional jewelry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SgPojOwlFk1KP0M3yIRkMOzfez2iMgU2QcH9A3wOdKsUso4Ximah4i_c7WcbzbExeqgAtcdQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eYoung warriors (morans) wear ornaments and dye their braided hair in red ochre. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q0fqBWePSd5AfVScrRFdUNnSnSNcrupdHUGyTWXegSgyVQ8usC9vOEbLK-hAnX6eLrd15FrHjC","Jewelry",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis women\u0026#39;s necklace is made of elephant tail hair, each threaded with an old-style bead.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QdfA4mXDFuusEsZFJdmKGOj7ptU89gdCvdyyRhfOAaFUXrkA4Ju9-RCd4q3psyx6HCTtsoucQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis kind of huge collar necklace would only be made and worn by married women. It is made of rows of different coloured beads strung on wire with cooking spacers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RbM61PoMgXhugsuLvJQ6FDoIHU8HCg22JBZ5rMmfP_fppwaYuLX4UimrARB5QeLV19Grmp",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis Samburu man is wearing a beaded earring on his stretched earlobe.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TPt5BTOtFHmJRlc60hSg8zA_qnht00yy41dctLougGmv7NbR2P1lz0p8JmViO7oqpb6yPpg38",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThese colorful beaded earrings are worn by attaching them over the head. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T-Yfh17lsiATo_G74FoIUaJyTiV58L51qujmQO3_NL7Y8w4kRsyduoXlflyr_VEUoBgoPmcg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eBeaded leather earrings with beads in triangles. This is an unusual pattern of decoration, called \u003ci\u003eLdungot\u003c/i\u003e. These earrings are worn only by wives of the Merisho (the oldest living age-set). \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SuJxsrCL2SBtS2ww_2WU0_fXUvWdtoz1M8eT9rTxFtUKqvMB7nQT1eX5-UuYuyautwF0L3IAA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eMade with brass wire and coiled to the required shape, these beautiful earrings hang from the earlobes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qgs4hb14UtJ8tIrkorjrlGlSQr2lEsarqOd6UzHRoV6HxUTGvOA-tcCRityxhn0KBIq-hYLN-9","Attire",[null,"\u003cp\u003eA ceremonial goatskin cloak painted with red ochre and decorated with white cowries. It would have been worn over the shoulder by boys prior to being circumcised. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYJXx-3zAP59bq6RG5F9B74b1VKKAXTefr0dKjV-0RqGlYbRdXQUkH3y9bV13RHWvZg7YQTiY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis colorful beaded belt is worn by young morans, and sometimes even given to their girlfriends as a token of their love. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qu83am5XZVYkPoULQ0e4yXtkzqY1xJDkFVEuUoWHmxPoMHMsRWpBSd5o2pWhbtcOG0bYmxVQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis red ochre cotton cloth was worn by morans as a skirt while dancing during ceremonies. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Njemps Fashions and Craftsmanship","Discover the clothing, jewelry, and ornaments made and worn by the Njemps community","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TADZqzk1GGvjneUjUaeoTocnQtZEaKW4J4TvuBDg6zvPpjCyz4-hhtYQ91M0glCh35zf4I","/story/lQXhovFMu13-pQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," ",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:791aa0fd-5a6e-4afa-bdc4-7994954d6848","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TADZqzk1GGvjneUjUaeoTocnQtZEaKW4J4TvuBDg6zvPpjCyz4-hhtYQ91M0glCh35zf4I","kmjh6oja7Vpq4smioXSG5uS3u0w",[0.49939924,0.4901496,0,2.1859634,0.88697916],null,null,null,[2600,3475]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"lQXhovFMu13-pQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"],[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q1GuTWV3anGv1iUZFomo-NIFiEEfF8JV9xVYJPxcV95B3y8RvDRw-C4QoU27q4NpX9nbOPTg","Meet the Njemps",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Njemps share many cultural traits with other Maa-speaking communities, especially in their mode of dressing. They make clothes and ornaments from leather, beads, brass and copper. Different clothes and ornaments are worn to indicate status among members of the community.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QW1hXuxAkNGz1WVJhO0xsP1CW-KSPdATFK3EURlybVyXbe9ga1Fv3UO-R9N5_C8v57ErfYcCE","Children's ear plugs",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThese wooden earplugs (\u003ci\u003esura\u003c/i\u003e), with holes at the centre, are made from \u003ci\u003eLabusekeil\u003c/i\u003e wood. They were made and worn on the earlobes by young boys and girls. At the age of six (\u003ci\u003eLibatin Awari\u003c/i\u003e), the earlobes were cut and the plugs inserted. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T6P7A3MpRPLxNIOz6Uvp2MIfACmD0frKS4Bb4hphal3wymkp9XYtQ_lsYwc_491Bp8CDV57w","Colorful beadwork",[null,"\u003cp\u003eA pair of bead earrings (\u003ci\u003eoIchonyi onkiya\u003c/i\u003e) sewn on leather and worn on each earlobe by married women.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TmIF_CBhgpN54oY3r9xnOhmWpF9BVa2bTVjRHlOsnARkPYUl16xw_gngY3bnScdgkKiDPj5zQ","Copper earrings",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThese copper earrings were made by a blacksmith. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RBeF3H2PeW4pdFDqEYcWYjgAyqGtaaQB-Q5WuG-1fVsIA35RTZjdH9sa3khjfiVSTCML89-w","Men's earrings",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is an earring made from copper wire, coiled over an iron rod. It would have been worn by old men as an ornament. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q0jNPk0DAdPwOcI2VVhR_6qyx1hOmrTQerid17BByOFnFitiGAmEpEjHnd-xgHOClJAZlowA","Beaded skirt",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis kind of skirt (\u003ci\u003eOlekesena\u003c/i\u003e) was made from goat skin (or cowhide), decorated with beads. Women would scrape off the hair from the goat skin and make it supple by rubbing sheep fat mixed with red ochre. Then colorful beads would be sown on. It was worn by women. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R15ECiG3-53Izq4kDgI7WE6zeNYC3TVWV17GVpw1mCmRR65zl_gusxbqk17ZteiS3gWCGYSqCn","Sandals",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is a cowhide sandal (\u003ci\u003enkamuka\u003c/i\u003e) that has a double sole and coil of cowhide on the straps for decoration. These were made by men and worn by everybody.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Fashions of the Pokot","Discover the traditional clothing, headdresses, and jewelry of Kenya's Pokot community","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RCbplN1oJM7GKQXFmWepIaH4WYsEZZyHup-KIQQ_p4zGeQJWKIyhex_GMw8r3vJ3-nsp63sQ","/story/RQVxD2ElE9vGMg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," ",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:5e1b63fc-7c8d-47d9-9ca8-e622419ef03e","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RCbplN1oJM7GKQXFmWepIaH4WYsEZZyHup-KIQQ_p4zGeQJWKIyhex_GMw8r3vJ3-nsp63sQ","DoRo09JHE1MiP2Ubx85Uqj5w1kM",[0.51728266,0.31810012,0,1.208814,0.43865156],null,null,null,[2600,3884]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"RQVxD2ElE9vGMg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"],[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QPiQwzuQ2ZUachybnf2BXESFRBzvy-5pmw9hroITQJaHCFfQ0OiCNxYQ9AHyXrD6qg6bO9_QMH","Meet the Pokot",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Pokot are a sub-community of the Kalenjin, known for their colorful beadwork and headdresses. Here we explore some of the Pokots\u0026#39; traditional decorative attire.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QjfQAfeY0jFaWMXmg1k91ZilpJsISYf0Gfp2Ieogz9JdBXDg1vtV0W-Udv-8qrHNEJP7L_1CI","Headdress progression",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is the headdress of a young Pokot man about to undergo circumcision. The headdress is in the first phase of building up a chignon. As the young man\u0026#39;s status progresses, so too does his headdress.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QoYFwDn7pNFNzH_h6e3loFXewIpcQ-hbJnPnAXDZ8V6uqngyFv9-enJHvcJ5ZC3u4hydpReiA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eOne month after circumcision, circumcised boys would progress to wearing this a thin headdress, made from beads and fiber from the \u003ci\u003esokotwo\u003c/i\u003e tree. It would be worn on the head, with strings in front.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QGM3H_B_FwbqOxlQYdUlzTwlgzgn3Ssd4g5J877keqvPfknpVV3Kxzjx-_MLRkjFUIBCf16rE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis young Pokot warrior is pictured shortly after achieving adult status. He is wearing a headdress made of ostrich feather and black fur to denote his status.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R635XdX9X5IibolN0xJVt7orjk4c7i8iQwlbL4fhtm35igHiwizIEXyha9_kxqwvbq_lOzBuM","Women's jewelry",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is a Pokot married woman dressed with several strands of beaded necklaces and metallic earrings.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R635XdX9X5IibolN0xJVt7orjk4c7i8iQwlbL4fhtm35igHiwizIEXyha9_kxqwvbq_lOzBuM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eHer earrings are attached by a beaded string to hair-clips, and ornamented with bells, which denote her status and number of children. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qoe_rtXpVwAO5HNfJnN7Qds5mLDjL16ZJXKZtWMUhmJJf19B81ctX4kdbP7QUHVvqz_EeNoys",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is a headband worn by women of all ages for beauty. It is made of threads, beads, shells and aluminium coils. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SuwVkGwF4gNy-0Bq4tofGGoxWGZP8iHBwarVshdVg7sSER2TMsk_Id8u-67ugIPXZh2e7-FbU","Men's ornaments",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis leopard skin cape would have been used by the groom during a wedding, for jumping dances. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SoS3PvLMPvirJdDvAMiKRn9bhjwhhw-ILW0EzWiyhYp4_-iZlGCzdHiOoNvZGmxrn88zlGxAI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is a small pronged wire comb covered with beautifully woven wire. The ends are covered with strands of coiled wire, which holds the ostrich feather. It was used for hair dressing and worn on the head as an ornament by young men who would wear a mud-pack hair-do.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TTYKgrqiFt98sFGBT69H-HgC0L603_n3heqy_L3C8E9fICra_qaJ95ece221JmIdDnK-YV",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis ceremonial headdress would have been worn by men during traditional ceremonies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","How the Kanga Unites Communities","The origin, history, and messages of the colorful cloth","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SyqcYdiPAds4m4Qot5IIIZlviuZymMt5ftJStlWH8vIEhwtSbNu0sAijbeIV5AWcmALdhwJHU","/story/UQXRRgiEQNcJLA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," ",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:b837ae95-f72d-44f7-838f-163f7a06c32b","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SyqcYdiPAds4m4Qot5IIIZlviuZymMt5ftJStlWH8vIEhwtSbNu0sAijbeIV5AWcmALdhwJHU","jfKw0oqxBQKhz24_udQMfmxq_xM",[0.48589727,0.51528895,0,0.4372843,0.31132114],null,null,null,[5467,4021]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"UQXRRgiEQNcJLA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tf7LiKUMzwuY38i2UXlaiDPKjgmXUlBOCSbfURK0EXiG3GNOY5B9-GLIo3ky4p8iEwv7p5rlGk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe talking cloth that unites cultures and communities\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kanga (Leso) has deep cultural, historical and economic significance throughout the Indian Ocean region, and for more than 100 years it has remained one of the most popular of all cultural items across East Africa. Within Kenya, the Kanga is a common thread that links and unites cultures, the young and older people, men and women, rich and poor, and locals and foreigners in the colourful, dynamic world of its design.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RUxf2S1Efch5aATUD6d_5m1tBklXJZ_rUzQOsncMBU4gVzMSCtHrqeIidQ06NmiX9gahxHXO79",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat does \u0026#39;Kanga\u0026#39; mean?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe name is said to have originated from the Swahili word for the guinea fowl, which is black with white spots. Kanga za Mera followed soon after that and included block printing of more intricate designs in red and black on Merikani fabric. There are various theories surrounding the origin of the Kanga cloth, and not all have been highlighted in this exhibit.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QQFl-TnEMyv1a-YF6w3jAHROKGavC0j9lbSO9KYHAA-UsSG17QjpbGgpnySnA5zsWJTBiF",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOrigin and history\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the 19th century, in East Africa, certain varieties of cloth were popular. Among them was a cheap, white, unbleached cotton fabric imported from the United States called Merikani, which was worn by women. The other was Kaniki, a name given to cotton cloth from India. The colorful material was quite popular around the middle of the 1800s and, as demand grew, local merchants began to dye Merikani cloth a deep blue or black. The earliest designs were block printed and had repeating black and white spotted motifs, which inspired the name Kanga.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RI0GxDyertOiuGxBfaapDfM7RN5qVVUwpfmBcc4PJoJPnabGsp5S2OG1bKg_rUVzVF",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProduction and distribution\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFrom the early days, Kangas were largely produced in Europe and India. Throughout the 20th century, British, American, Dutch, and Japanese imported cloth continued to dominate the market. But, in the 1970s, textile mills were set up in Kenya and, in 1985, Tanzania became one of the largest producers of the Kanga. Today, Kangas are produced in Kenya, Tanzania, Oman, India and Pakistan. China has recently become the largest producer. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kanga is today highly fashionable and can be purchased in many markets in Africa, as well as large cities and small villages in Europe and Asia, and in the US. It has retained its ability to survive and is now being printed on cloth other than cotton because of the high prices of cotton in Africa. The most sought after Kangas remain the traditional soft cotton cloths in varieties of colors, patterns and styles.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QZpK5wSJYS2pSqtlx79_GiXgb-a5whjwmIz7Fx7JceocuQshI8cjGvXN1O_5JNXCqUXOasRJc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe design\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kanga is distinctly recognizable from other African textiles because of its design. Its basic design structure consists of a patterned border (pindo) surrounding a central motif (mji) and Swahili proverb or phrase (jina). The rectangular-shaped printed cloth measures about 150 centimeters in length and 110 centimeters in width. The print patterns of the Kanga are categorized into floral, fauna, and other patterns. Two or more usually vibrant, highly-saturated colors and bold patterns are used. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen buying a Kanga, an individual\u0026#39;s choice is influenced by the design, color and text. The Kanga is a beautiful, affordable and accessible cloth, worn and sold uncut and in pairs.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TANFQG_KB9szVbieF1lUmYlInGy4Sg560uQPlmeklaH6ElC4M8VdMSITxMb_7lFTCCwVJxASk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe importance of the Kanga in Kenya and the world\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOriginally a product of the Swahili coastal communities, the Kanga spread across Kenya and today is known and used by nearly every woman, child and man in Kenya, and within Kenyan communities around the world. It has become more prevalent now more than ever before in fashion, tourism, and everyday use.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere are several ways in which people make use of the Kanga. Women wrap them around their bodies in diverse ways, covering and carrying babies, supporting loads carried on the head or back, and as wall hangings. They are also used to make outfits, head pieces, bags, curtains, table cloths, curtains, seat covers, pillows cases, duvet covers, and many more everyday items.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RKA6A6obW-SXcJ1vxuS5UybV7YoD1v1-bN1jBoBo3PG3MWLLprzyukXAQl4HoLN8V4UKU_BA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe talking cloth loved by all\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kanga has become a medium of communication, aimed at integration and individualisation. The images and Swahili texts inscribed on the Kanga are used to pass on various messages, including those which are social, political, religious, or health or development related. The first sayings were inscribed in Arabic script, and with time the writing changed to Swahili. Swahili women in particular use them to convey personal messages to their friends, husbands, and families. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere are Kangas that are printed and used as campaign tools, for passing religious messages such as Idd (Eid al-Fitr) and Christmas wishes, for raising awareness on various issues such as HIV/AIDS, or simply for portraying images of influential figures such as politicians and celebrities.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TbppsCtYGBgNtv7L_qGA8tNbduCahjonAU8n1lKrZx3usuwpr_nuDuMFGkC3ncUnse0MbS-aI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe roles the Kanga plays in communities\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kanga plays a meaningful role for the cultural identity of women in Kenya, especially on the coast and the hinterland of the Indian ocean, where they have been part of the traditional dress of the Swahili for more than a century.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kanga plays various roles in the different lifestages of Kenya\u0026#39;s communities, including, in chronological order: birth, initiation, weddings, elderhood and funerals.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q3qWC_hwNx_vXXDGuGOedCLgJLolfAN1T7iTItkKoOaoURnIS82MRV9uFO4QYx7iS1YG0_nQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eAmong the Kikuyu, for example, a Kanga is given to the mother and grandmother of a newborn. The baby may also be wrapped in an uncut and stitched pair of Kangas to confer prosperity, strength and beauty as a symbol of the parents\u0026#39; love. The mother of a newborn may tie a Kanga around her waist to reduce her stomach. When a girl reaches puberty, red and black Kangas are given to her whereas, during this stage, the girl presents her ritual mother a Kanga in gratitude for imparting knowledge.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SqGmHFny_U59ALL1k6LO7z2XVENjM-oUoglXpwuI2FnTFhcw4A_Ak7yQUzST521-fFrOYFJCAa",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eDuring weddings, several Kangas are placed on the ground so that the bride may walk on them as she leaves the house. This is so she does not get dirty. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAmong Muslims, the Kanga is used for washing the deceased. Kangas are also given to individuals who have lost loved ones, by those who come to console them. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn cosmopolitan communities, the uses of the Kanga include as costumes during school music and drama festivals, and church functions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TB679lTgP_yjv2-wfTSMSLh1YpFkbModSH5l6qlRzdwB1gJbipz_EYEM_oX_pZayJ5ulaE8A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e Amani, Upendo, Umoja - Peace, Love, Unity \u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe message on this Kanga is promoting peace. The fabric has a thin black outer border, the inner border is striped red, green, white and black. Each of the four edges has the map of Kenya, highlighted green, with the words \u0026#39;10 years of nyayo\u0026#39; inscribed. There is also the club across each of the four maps, and a white dove flying with a plant in its beak. The club has the words \u0026#39;stability and progress\u0026#39;. The center has a white map of Africa encircled on a red background, and the map of Kenya is highlighted. Below the circle is another club. The other part is black with white circles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSwahili text: \u003ci\u003e\u0026#39;Amani, Upendo, Umoja.\u0026#39;\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMeaning: Peace, Love, Unity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TRRkqB4yQ2LHfwqdUWGxnYSOd3gBVTucqD_Ak6nycS7i3h7fqtEemIz-h9W8_5PqMyk2mZ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSiri haidumu milele - a secret does not last forever\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Kanga has a thin black outer border. The inner border is white and has orange zigzag patterns and circles. The centre is blue and has big orange pawpaw leaves and other tinier black leaves on a blue background. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSwahili text: \u003ci\u003e\u0026#39;Siri haidumu milele.\u0026#39;\u003c/i\u003e \u003cbr\u003eMeaning: \u0026#39;A secret does not last forever.\u0026#39;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qj3muzAC7JJ2Y6PTpsKOkItB2K7KGetcBB8SqCw05BDsOftdzNylrMeK5izQoY9rPAhqVCCVE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMahaba ni seraha nibebe nione raha - love is an injury, love me so that I feel happy\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Kanga has a thin dark purple outer border, and the inner border is dark-purple with maroon and white paisley designs, and white flowers. The center is maroon with circular patterns which are maroon, purple and white.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSwahili text: \u003ci\u003e\u0026#39;Mahaba ni seraha nibebe nione raha.\u0026#39;\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMeaning: \u0026#39;Love is an injury, love me so that I feel happy.\u0026#39;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RpMVO8q7EHiAb_1hyt7zg8__KE0Fq7JHBnujHAtrBllAQr2uYnQQmu4ekLqaL48cIR7pdZsw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTop and skirt made of Kanga\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis top, skirt and matching bag are made of a cotton Kanga. It would be worn by girls, especially in the coastal region of Kenya.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TFUh-afqtgWA95wR7SReCEsR7chVVgZ7EEEgtjPxn6ZvShGm09Yf0Myr30pu5LrxXaUje7H88",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNguo / Rindadress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis girl\u0026#39;s dress is made from Kanga cotton cloth. It has the designs of the stars and moon, with a belt fixed on the left and right side.The belt is to be tied at the back to give the dress shape.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RD-swMH33sUI9j_UwdvLJPquoLeBmTwZDgYPIA-2sX2WRAlN3dnz3jn8VZ5Asnr0EAbhv9j6k",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is a basket woven by women using papyrus plant. The outer part is painted with skinny paint, then covered with a Kanga material with zebra patterns. It is decorated with sea shells. It would be made and used by women for carrying personal things and shopping.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_ScW-0ah1nYqEtH8rEiFJIHfcM4R03lfYysbsHdgR8RSmTZ356_eenDC2qw-unOfk3K6-za",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKanga curtain\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a curtain made from kanga cloth and a piece of plain pink material. It would be made and used by everybody.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SM6d7lx7NtqDeiwHHVBnrFTCm8N6QtVYh-VsAbN0nCql8tRD_6bYtBe2sL6etuBqZ7vTmUNA4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKanga duvet quilt\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA duvet made from pieces of Kanga, similar to a quilt. It has a red border and would be used to keep warm.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]]]],null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,20,"CardsLarge","EditorialSection:f55449b9-6a53-4080-ae27-0eb51175f2c7"],["stella.edit.sect",["The language of Kenya","Immerse yourself in the dialect",null,null,null,1],8,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","Learn Swahili","21 inspirational Kanga sayings","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RsqXnxO_yNJZwFOhpnecbNeQxOT4pToex2HuEA9AqK7TrkUjvLPAX8DSn0YfW-rwXG5ShZ","/story/9gVBlAZer2a1Lw",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"9gVBlAZer2a1Lw"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SmwNiBrEFL98Lg8K_g4GbEJQ1LUIInQGL7moBx89HQ1wmDR8G8tbi8Nj5vCiqxIpM6DECvoa2T",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKenyan identity: the kanga and Swahili sayings\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kanga (\u003ci\u003eLeso\u003c/i\u003e) has deep cultural, historical and economic significance throughout the Indian Ocean region and, for more than 100 years, it has remained one of the most popular of all cultural items across East Africa. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWithin Kenya, the Kanga is a common thread that links and unites cultures – the young and older people, men and women, rich and poor, and locals and foreigners – in the colourful, dynamic world of its design.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOriginally, the Kanga was a product of the Swahili coastal communities. The Swahili text inscribed on the Kanga is used to pass on various messages, including those which are social, political, religious, or health or development related. The first sayings were inscribed in Arabic, but with time the writing changed to Swahili. The Swahili women in particular use them to convey personal messages to their friends, husbands, and families.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHere are 21 inspirational sayings...\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RI0GxDyertOiuGxBfaapDfM7RN5qVVUwpfmBcc4PJoJPnabGsp5S2OG1bKg_rUVzVF",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1: Makali ya jicho yashinda wembe\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe sharpness of the eye is greater than the razor.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tf7LiKUMzwuY38i2UXlaiDPKjgmXUlBOCSbfURK0EXiG3GNOY5B9-GLIo3ky4p8iEwv7p5rlGk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2: Mwenye radhi hasumbuki\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eHe who is blessed is not disturbed.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SNQGbbXtWTFvvPTZgsb2WNXfi7Y2hp-ywR3Nylfj5xRg4m5MYTy-mcJzIsoYZYCw2LuFOOLOc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3: Duniani kuna pepo, wawili wapendanapo\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eIn the world, there are spirits, when two are in love.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SpAtsBcpHH1oaHaggoMrvEEbt_fZy9mcYFQqpKBAOdTGVqH9nbxJ5m2-k0ey_k61Lp4bYFNKY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4: Subira ina Malipo\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003ePatience pays.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q6DpgJA9IMPo8y0hQo7mC8l5RTtxFZIhmzZ8aFLDBVpl1sY9L3qDLGEjJbd30Ib0T4AQmER5s",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5: Umekuja Na Lako Usichunguze La Mwenzako\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eYou have your share, do not criticize your neighbour.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SMFVEcpwpe-lp34yhgUnjEdKrTfs-aXCjifIaQdH67DF9oio1hjSS0WZckaUoi5WPPh8WLpzw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6: Bahati Ikikukataa Hata Kwa Mganga Haitaifaa\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eIf luck isn\u0026#39;t on your side, even if you went to a witch doctor it won\u0026#39;t work.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rd-CY8Cx5kU-XqrDFW8WOZfd_3YZOKZu9181YDE3Dz54Al8HXD3EdeRhLe3MD9w9cqWJht",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7: Lisilo budi hutendwa\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eWhatever should be done has to be done.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_ReyXYYqVnSbcie8HAX8exaTQUANw2dvDsnKLCw_ZfjDlkKQ6MoHRXtV_tLTe23DOmqQPkk2hM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8: Heri pancha ya pajaro kuliko rafiki mwenye kero\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eIt is better to have a flat tyre on your pajero than have a troublesome friend.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q5uB6PO8X_mHJMX611myRMPXgEt3CjJxbbOWeCcfa6hkqb4PZeWQ-aP5S0XPcL_vh6MqBZIpg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9: Nimechoka kutangatanga,hapa taitia nanga\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eI am tired of rowing, I will put my anchor here.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QYP-s3p2Q3TX3Ysp-RKqyyVaRjk_D2n-rBSYh1JPkVUH5k-6b5LRDgJTi0G3NCPin0ioPpwnU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10: Bahati haiji mara mbili\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eLuck comes only once.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RytjhCg3Du06ukOvKqZaVoPUjAX_7ZW13EqDDXCNSUpGM4TiXvh1x7Fn0zbe40-ueiaH_o-RQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11: Kinolewacho hupata\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eWhatever is sharpened cuts.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_STEMjAdLyVIALp5_eOvWtmwb11Ta7EArtEkrWu_hGvVuATlhTdOeIGvTKoRuLm9bZk9upN16A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12: Pendo ni kitu cha hiari\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eLove is out of choice.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S2_rJEfDu5aAdrMHmFazIxNlQEgLvQrgLgrMSTwBv8lxzDTRuEKTfI3WKCMAceIscWqAepbcE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13: Ya kale hayapo, zingatia uliyonayo\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe past isn\u0026#39;t there, reflect on what you have.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QQ0QU6zsYzrGJX67VN_C7bgc9ZGWdJMu6a0FBZkFVygRvRpnSB8UGqBL7hHnPQtNu-WVIhov8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14: Wachemshe haohao kwangu utapoa\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eLet those who are with me be healed\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SjgIOYqu7HTAWrpnNFzVgNMemIbay9hfuNtQONRmuLiOYuZyIKKXw8iJh-OxIU0IGoCTZVcg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15: Umpendaye mfuate na akufaaye na akufaaye usimwache\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eFollow whom you love and do not forsake he who suits you.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q6VGjfqUx7QBTtIi66N03yNJLphtu6skMqYgTV3nh734Gmjp1g4KZEtPa2teZmS5dZXD9x2XVr",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16: Wambea hawana shule,huteta popote pale\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eGossipers have no school they speak wherever.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SjgIOYqu7HTAWrpnNFzVgNMemIbay9hfuNtQONRmuLiOYuZyIKKXw8iJh-OxIU0IGoCTZVcg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17: Umpendaye mfuate na akufaaye na akufaaye usimwache\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eFollow whom you love and do not forsake he who suits you.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RNWr3_4WpV-UM02c1odhUouIZVbsmR84yGlrd78qgN0lPlgcSq8pCUJ-3UQbJwV9NEIv5r",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18: Thamani ya taa ni giza kiingiapo\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe value of light is noticed when night falls.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SpzZX8JuuixGxexij6ENRP4egoEp4rZfAuAuIZ2JOdDrIi29MP7xyv8AHoKPaDU9yjxafpFDfq",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19: Heri matamshi mazuri kuliko zawadi\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eA good verdict is better than a present.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RytKhUy8fdkfdKlnDa1Nh9F6C4VvRm7cxizSE-fOjONIHlP8S_Su7Hpq9Bi1p1RTK2LXiympA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20: Huba inaondoa unyonge\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eLove removes misery.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S8jPmiQZvWDNNyt_Oy95JemrSDiQsX0o5GMoE03tYCC_P0cfNC07TBZK35t_kdLj8SelZlUQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21: Mungu akupe kheri daima\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eGod Bless you always.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Discover the Language Groups","The Nilotic, Bantu, and Cushitic languages","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RkrQYPda6nhTwe-SH2X6DqmLOlzibRf82GYnnlTrmi-TlKgCXlQ-pxL0jgXVRon48Lj_QbvA","/story/1gVBwOhG6x7aIQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"1gVBwOhG6x7aIQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SvkE8cAyKAL36UxEhHz7urn7Pi6FWbcWF-zPDYDMWH7uSs9HCEw4zSaj-dmPz5bhfCOt2UZhw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe 3 language families\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe history of the diverse people of Kenya goes beyond the memories of the living. It begins when the communities concerned emerged as, and perceived themselves to be, distinct ethnic groups. Each of these groups belong to one of three different language families.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QmtoftJc6Ak2RB-PrZQ5KmplJEUpZI9MQ-xz8GfkUZ8RLMFF951rng8CikOzX0wO_ymVOW2Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBeyond language and culture\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEthnic groups that belong to the same linguistic family share much in terms of culture, but increased interaction with neighbors from a different language family can also produce much mutual borrowing of various cultural aspects of their lives.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TartHp7nQNCIGtrMG_EwYGfVemNcIleal3NCvaVo_lZlCUqstW_Cj0huHxf7a52KXoTFAZUw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCushitic, Nilotic and Bantu\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKenyan languages have been classified into three groups: Cushitic, Nilotic and Bantu. The Cushitic is part of the Afro-Asiatic family, the Nilotic is part of the Nilo-Saharan family, and the Bantu of the Nigerkordofan family.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCushites were the first of the three groups to enter Kenyan territory, followed by the Nilotes, and then the Bantu-speaking people.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S5dxrp6GL0TuHgLUd97szItxZV9J_IFvPzzue-97NQoMIeQKNOPwLfsMrUxU7y7_6lM27Fc4E"],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QSxW8ZDCwVbi9U5nTHs9jCuWdPYkcMx2SMsUKQ4yfZ1qTp3ce58lBgM46MsrzVfigjW_gskYc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1: The origin of the Cushitic Afro-Asiatic languages\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe term Afro-Asiatic was introduced by Joseph Greenberg in the 1950s to replace the connotation of a linguistic opposition between Semitic and the remaining languages of the phylum, as suggested by Semito-Hamitic and similar terms. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Afro-Asiatic languages are genetically related and form a linguistic phylum that consists of five or six branches, each having the status of a linguistic family: Ancient Egyptian Berber, Semitic, Chadic, Cushitic and Omotic.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sk-F14BA4ws4wtROiVD_Iqi1lkSpZI6drd4RQNiTIw3ZjQwMzBwJU-7kjDtebNDBThjIFeAQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExpansion\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Cushitic languages – named after Cush, a grandson of Noah (Genesis 10:6-8) – are spoken in Ethiopia, Somalia, the Sudan, Kenya and Tanzania. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the 1970s, a group of languages spoken in southwestern Ethiopia, and previously classified as West Cushitic, was separated by some scholars to form a new Omotic branch (named after the Omo River). The Cushitic languages are also spoken in areas where Nilotic and Bantu-speaking people live. The speakers are divided into the Eastern and Southern Group.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T7XLOYtLUINtnfY9IfcXphOWf8W0kBWDE2RpEtFiKuAGd7oxS2zxiHfZqf29MuXCT47K5Aig",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Southern Cushites \u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Southern Cushitic language was the first of all the present day Kenyan languages to be spoken in this country. Long ago people speaking a south Cushitic language departed from the Ethiopian Highlands and occupied large parts of Kenya, including the highlands.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe southern speakers Yaaku and Dahalo (also known as Sanye or Waata) were progressively displaced and absorbed by incoming Nilotic and Bantu groups until they wound up in Tanzania. As a consequence of these movements, Southern Cushites have become distinct in Kenya.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qe1lpraAnen3c94MqnUGm_9mduJbB_MlR0EvK4UsHM81fGkXZyeVc5-7tmydHvBzdLcIt9-f0",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Eastern Cushites\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe second group of immigrants, according to the linguistic evidence, were the Eastern Cushites. They speak Afro-Asiatic languages, and originally came from Ethiopia and Somalia in North-East Africa. Cushitic people traditionally live in the arid and semi-arid Eastern and North-Eastern parts of Kenya. They reside along a very large area of land that runs from the east of Lake Turkana, stretches to the north of Kenya, and through to the Indian Ocean. The Cushitic speakers include those from the Somali, Rendille, Borana, Gabbra and Orma communities.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SZxuvzHgXZ2-aTqqzVopRNFGWfH2XPB5XvVrBEkcty2lOo_JjtWNcossVi9swW0lNEqxVhzOs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2: The origin and expansion of the Bantu languages\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Bantu languages are part of a subgroup of the Niger-Congo (Niger-Kordofanian) family, which represents two-thirds of Africa’s approximately nineteen hundred languages. Well-known examples of the Bantu languages are Swahili, spoken in eastern Africa, Lingala in Congo Kinshasa, and Zulu in southern Africa. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAll of the Bantu languages are tonal, except Swahili. The Swahili (Kiswahili) language is one of the national languages of Kenya. The Bantu speakers are commonly divided into three groups: Western/Lacustine, Central/Eastern and Coastal Bantu.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QvLWCBUItew8pyNwCw5P9GCv29ZAiDmzSrCsNWKlPu4sycO8eDsjKa1w_14s5Ie4racTBoHIs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCoastal Bantu\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe coastal Bantu include the Mijikenda (Agiriama, Digo, Chonyi/Kauma, Duruma, Jibaba, Kambe, Rabai, Ribe), Taveta, Bajun, Malakote, Pokomo, Taita, and Swahili communities. They live mainly in the coastal regions of the country. They occupy Mombasa, Kwale, Kilifi, Lamu, Tana River and Taita Taveta counties. The Bantu languages spoken by these Bantu speakers are Kidigo, Swahili, Duruma, Kitaveta, Kidawida and Kisaghala among others, each with different dialects.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S5QX_AXjvNJZPvRFAEV6-b5At0Gn1Cg_zBN8rP4KOR7IJmEMRLDqGK_lNWlqTxXyXnPiZhzAY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCentral Bantus\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe central Bantu speaking communities include the Kamba, Kikuyu, Rmbu, Tharaka, Mbeere and Meru. They are traditionally found in Central and Eastern regions of Kenya, occupying Kitui, Makueni, Machakos, Nyeri, Kirinyaga, Kiambu, Meru and Tharaka Nithi counties. The languages they speak include Kikamba, Gikuyu, Kiembu, Chuka, Kimbeere Kimwimbi and Meru among others. Meru and Tharaka belong to the Meru-Tharaka sub-branch, together with Igoji and Nithi, with dialects such as Igembe, Tigania, Imenti, Miutini Mwimbi and Muthambi. Chuka falls under the Chuka-Gikuyu sub-branch. These communities have a close relationship in how they conduct their cultural practices, such as circumcision.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QJ_R83GqhlIKe1YOShPcAbu17zd3vPDrMf_03VYNEtE2mEYrQy5uXrg0pWebELLk3Idpb-xn19",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Western Bantus\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese include the Luyia, Suba, Kuria and Kisii. They are traditionally found in Western region in Kenya, and their languages include Suba, Kuria, Ekugusii and the Luyia among others. The Ekugusii language is closely related to the Luyia and Kuria languages. Some words have been borrowed from Dholuo, a Nilotic language, and some of these communities have more dialects spoken. The western Bantus are traditionally known for large scale farming of food crops, especially maize and bananas.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TuCH98PqcA5ElTlOaIxmY2YXl7pziqgxluYFt5IvLudVxP-mHOJ0-pzg_JqjlcfV2-E__UPw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3: The origin and expansion of the Nilo-Saharan languages\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Nilotic language family is a member of the larger Nilo-Saharan phylum found in Africa. A Nilotic language is a group of East African languages which, according to the classification of the American scholar J. Greenberg, belong to the Chari-Nile branch of the Nilo-Saharan family of languages. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Nilotic languages are divided into two groups: the northwestern and southeastern Nilotic languages In Africa. All Nilotic languages are tonal and have complex vowel systems with long and short vowels. The Nilotic-speaking people in Kenya include the River and Lake Nilotes, the Plain Nilotes and the Highland Nilotes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SobwRlsx9fUDLUoetXZTS8utZsmPoZ0HwHM4moQou49jTP7_l7DZ5kv-PqnKRCx-aqczIoig",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRiverlake Nilote\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKenya has only one River Lake Nilotic people, the Luo. They are one of the largest ethnic groups in Kenya, and speak Dholuo. They are traditionally found along the Lake Victoria region and counties, namely: Kisumu, Migori, Siaya and Homa Bay. The Luo are traditionally known for their love of fish, and their fishing practices in Lake Victoria.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QtdBY-ninGUdCNaTE_GP42rvDFaNdfJRD2oSJ7j_nUahSLCVQjsR4Bs7-J_xCN8VibiALUeQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Highland Nilotes\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese communities are called Highland Nilotes because they inhabit the highland regions of the Rift Valley region. They include the Iteso, Njemps (il chamus), Ogiek and Kalenjin communities. The Kalenjin languages include: Nandi, Terik, Kipsigis, Keiyo, Elgeyo and Tugen. The Il Chamus (Njemps) speak the Maa language, the Teso speak Ateso, while the Ogiek speak Okiek. They traditionally practiced pastoralism and farming in their regions of settlement.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TrZc9efNEph3Io8oqrBIMXDC-Ca4bJRZLfvmh60btjFNHOA5kaODVJ-Ts89LxM87La-5G03-WL",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Plain Nilotes\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Plain Nilotes include the Maasai, Teso, Samburu and Turkana. They have traditionally practiced nomadic pastoralism. They occupy the vast sweep of western Kenya’s Rift Valley, which skirts the border of Uganda from Sudan in the north, to Tanzania in the south. They are traditionally found in Turkana, Laikipia, Samburu, Kajiado and Narok counties. The Maasai and the Samburu speak Maa language, while the Turkana speak Turkana/Turkwana.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]]]],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,21,"CardsLarge","EditorialSection:4efe4a56-659c-4f65-b041-363d6ba1bccb"],["stella.edit.sect",["Step back in time","Visit the places where communities made history",null,null,null,1],47,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","Visit Kenya's Archaeological Sites","Discover the origin of man","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RHm6DTbHsOHaS3w-aVU0yEtdqb7OpgGg5fHBAW3lfvaCBEqItqQAzvdJDg-V8gu-Pqn3iKmA","/story/nQVBf9Oq7jWqIA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null,"Virtual tour"],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"nQVBf9Oq7jWqIA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,10,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RYXzui3armr19s60t7g1w4TcZAEXuEbjS-5M93YmlxGwISTKFfOK57Ulx9vRGPf_s3WOpQFSA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA hotbed of archaeological discoveries\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKenya is recognized by paleontologists globally as a hotbed of archaeological discoveries contributing to the story of human evolution. In fact, Kenya has produced fossil evidence which tells almost the entire human evolutionary story. The National Museums of Kenya holds more than 350,000 fossils in its collection, about 700 of which belong to ancient humans. This exhibit is an appreciation of some of the major human fossil discoveries made in Kenya.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SIhrB1q3KajiM9O8r7mm2aaT2YXFKcKmE1HKJIaz-kdfMMS8Xx_FyXbkKJaGxM_eGPkNIq",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 facts you need to know about the cradle of humankind\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFact 1:\u003c/b\u003e Kenya has a larger diversity of fossil human species remains than any other country in Africa.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFact 2:\u003c/b\u003e Africa\u0026#39;s oldest human remains were found in the Tugen Hills in Kenya, and go back 7 million years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFact 3:\u003c/b\u003e Kenya has some of the world\u0026#39;s most complete skeletons including the Turkana Boy (1.6 million years old) which has provided great knowledge of early human physiology. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFact 4:\u003c/b\u003e Kenya is endowed with many prehistoric sites scattered all along the Rift Valley (north to south) and Western Kenya.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFact 5:\u003c/b\u003e Kenya has about 20 Miocene sites while Ethiopia has two. The Miocene is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period, 23 million to 2.6 million years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q82iwZAbHLqf8P3Iq81Remx6mrL0Scf_-C3aSTvhTgTD4by5_AaHvTtX5s2IVSOAjWLL0p_g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWho is Louis Leakey?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLouis Leakey is one of Kenya\u0026#39;s most important archaeologists and anthropologists. His fossil discoveries proved that human evolution was centered in Africa and not Asia as previously thought. He worked as a curator at the Coryndon Memorial Museum (present day National Museums of Kenya HQ) in Nairobi from 1945 to 1961. He also established the Institute of Primate Research (IPR) in 1960 with monkeys as models to understand the human evolution. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eNotable discoveries by Louis Leakey\u0026#39;s expeditions:\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e– \u003ci\u003eProconsul africanus\u003c/i\u003e at Rusinga, Kenya.\u003cbr\u003e– Acheulean site of Kariandusi.\u003cbr\u003e– \u003ci\u003eZinjanthropus boisei\u003c/i\u003e at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania.\u003cbr\u003e– \u003ci\u003eHomo habilis\u003c/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eHomo erectus\u003c/i\u003e at Olduvai.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_StTTF3ReNNaQ-xKql1v1UdkNAgc7g_PGSHyYn1PTVCilv8tJb56YJpbxQRf9luiUp7idxK8Jg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eApe or man?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMembers of the genus \u003ci\u003eProconsul\u003c/i\u003e bore characteristics of both ape and man. They moved on all fours, had prominent canines and lacked a tail, yet the forehead\u0026#39;s shape and limb flexibility was similar to man\u0026#39;s. This informed Louis Leakey\u0026#39;s conclusion that \u003ci\u003eProconsul\u003c/i\u003e was neither ape nor man.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SRgLE_D-c7qDHpHdyB-ROFb0sR59tZ1cHG6U9bihRlftC-4WAQ4yQN7xjeymW3ENMLpYz20g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA discourse in classification\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBetween 1948 and 1993, Leakey\u0026#39;s find maintained the specific name \u003ci\u003eafricanus\u003c/i\u003e until subsequent archaeological studies prompted a re-evaluation of the \u003ci\u003eProconsul\u003c/i\u003e nomenclature. Various scientists uncovered new \u003ci\u003eProconsul\u003c/i\u003e species, and highly specific details of each could be compared against existing evidence. This led to Mary Leakey\u0026#39;s find being reclassified as \u003ci\u003eProconsul heseloni\u003c/i\u003e. Other \u003ci\u003eProconsul\u003c/i\u003e species discovered in Rusinga are \u003ci\u003e Proconsul nyanzae\u003c/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eProconsul major\u003c/i\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QeiAqJdEbE3huXU-Kk9G35-XmPo6yTOYTrQPYj5ThVxzXmWp5U7NkCOUzn7Zl8ko6MyZ9DbA","The 'Original Man'",[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cp\u003e In 2000, a team from the French National Museum of Natural History led by Brigitte Senut and Martin Pickford discovered a possible hominid fossil, estimated to be about 6 million years old, in Tugen Hills, Kenya. It was named Orrorin tugenensis. Orrorin means \u0026#39;Original Man\u0026#39; in Tugen, in reference to the possibility that this species, if proven to be a \u003cbr\u003edirect human ancestor, could render the australopithecines side branches \u003cbr\u003eof the hominid family tree.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QeiAqJdEbE3huXU-Kk9G35-XmPo6yTOYTrQPYj5ThVxzXmWp5U7NkCOUzn7Zl8ko6MyZ9DbA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBone fragments of Orrorin Tugenensis\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAbout 20 fossils of \u003ci\u003eOrrorin tugenensis\u003c/i\u003e have been found so far. Between the Orrorin hominid and that of the Black skull, two other fossils were discovered to have lived during this period of time: \u003ci\u003eAustralothepicus anamensis\u003c/i\u003e, 4.2 million years, and \u003ci\u003eKenyanthropus platyops\u003c/i\u003e, 3.5 million years.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R95BneX03FSv_5KqerkPAyz2pH541ofQ8nNzW3ewmZQMUgSHW_rPv2-qoxAHc75W_oLwKopQ","The Turkana boy: 1.6 million years old",[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cp\u003e Between the black skull hominid and that of Homo erectus, two other hominids existed. These were Paranthropus boisei (2 million years old) and Homo habilis (1.9 million years old). In August 1984, Kamoya Kimeu found a small piece of hominid skull, identified as Homo erectus, on a dry river bank in Nariokotome, on the western side of Lake Turkana. It was nicknamed Turkana Boy (Nariokotome Boy). As a skilled fossil hunter he was able to spot it because it was slightly lighter coloured than the black lava pebble surrounding it. He found other fragments nearby and eventually the whole bank was excavated to find almost the entire skeleton. Despite intensive searching, the bones of the feet and hands were never discovered.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R95BneX03FSv_5KqerkPAyz2pH541ofQ8nNzW3ewmZQMUgSHW_rPv2-qoxAHc75W_oLwKopQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eScientific significance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Turkana boy is the most complete skeleton found of an early hominid. This skeleton and \u0026#39;Lucy\u0026#39;, found in Ethiopia, are some of the nearly-complete skeletons of early hominids to have been discovered in Africa, and are justly famous.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R95BneX03FSv_5KqerkPAyz2pH541ofQ8nNzW3ewmZQMUgSHW_rPv2-qoxAHc75W_oLwKopQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat did he look like?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNariokotome boy is thought to have been between 9 and 12 years old when he died, but he was already more than 1.6 meters tall. This was very surprising because earlier hominids were thought to be no taller than chimpanzees, but he was similar in size and shape to modern humans, with long legs adapted to walking and running over long distances. However, his brain size was still considerably smaller than that of modern humans. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow did he get his name?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNariokotome or Turkana boy was named after the site in which it was found, which is situated on the western side of Lake Turkana. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOther significant \u003ci\u003eHomo erectus\u003c/i\u003e fossils were found in Koobi Fora and were dated to about 1.9 million years old.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q7AanTDtZFZzd7yw2y4GQK1MrliflGQqk26EF_eDH4pugcXaLGfzCp8skuegG15aGQaizT9w",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1: Kobi Fora, Lake Turkana\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAt Kobi Fora to the north of Allia Bay, extensive paleontological finds have been made, starting in 1969, with the discovery of \u003ci\u003eParanthropus boisei\u003c/i\u003e. The discovery of \u003ci\u003eHomo habilis\u003c/i\u003e thereafter is evidence of the existence of a relatively intelligent hominid two million years ago, and reflects the change in climate from moist forest grassland, when the now petrified forests were transforming to the present hot desert.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe human and pre-human fossils include the remains of five species: \u003ci\u003eAustrolophithecus anamensis\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eHomo habilis/rudolfensis\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eParanthropus boisei\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eHomo erectus\u003c/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eHomo sapiens\u003c/i\u003e, all found within one locality. These discoveries were important for understanding the evolutionary history of the human species.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2: Kariandusi pre-historic site\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kariandusi archaeological site was among the first of the Lower Paleolithic sites discovered in East Africa. There was enough geological evidence here to show that, in the past, large lakes, sometimes reaching levels hundreds of meters higher than the Present Lake Nakuru and Elementaita, occupied this basin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDating back between 700,000 to 1 million years old, Kariandusi is possibly the first Acheulian site to have been found in situ in East Africa. Dr. Leakey, a renowned paleontologist, believed that this was a factory site of the Acheulian period. He made this conclusion after numerous collections of specimens were found lying in the Kariandusi riverbed.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis living site of the hand-axe man was discovered in 1928. A rise in the Lake level drove pre-historic men from their lake-side home and buried all the tools and weapons which they left behind in a hurry. The Acheulian stage of the great hand-axe culture, to which this site belongs, is found over a very widespread area from England, France, and Southwest Europe generally, to Cape Town.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFjczTGsyMS12bWV3QUFBUXJEUkNqY0E\u003d",287.35308925400517,-7.337060372543164,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003d73Lk21-vmewAAAQrDRCjcA\u0026heading\u003d-72.64691074599483\u0026pitch\u003d-7.337060372543164\u0026fov\u003d119.75558247045632\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dTBJ5QAeROQqKw5qiU6VRywZKdXU",null,119.75558247045632,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFjczTGsyMS12bWV3QUFBUXJEUkNqY0E%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d119.75558247045632\u0026sv_h\u003d287.35308925400517\u0026sv_p\u003d-7.337060372543164",null,null,[2,"73Lk21-vmewAAAQrDRCjcA"],"SvInfo:f27a15f2-426f-4148-a740-ee6aadd6abd3"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3: Hyrax Hill Museum\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLocated within Nakuru town, Hyrax Hill Museum depicts the lifestyle of seasonal settlement by prehistoric people at least 3,000 years ago.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe hill was named after hyraxes which are found in abundance, living in cracks within rocks found in this area.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs a region of archaeological interest, Hyrax Hill was first noted by the East African Archaeological Expedition of 1926, led by L.S.B. Leakey. In 1937 Mary Leakey undertook some archaeological surveys on the hill. Since then, research has been intermittent, with major undertakings in 1965 by Ron Clarke.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHyrax Hill is a renowned archaeological research area and a reference point for investigations of the prehistory of East Africa.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFlhGX29POEc2MWswQUFBUkJOUE5peXc\u003d",106.16,0,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dXF_oO8G61k0AAARBNPNiyw\u0026heading\u003d106.16\u0026pitch\u003d0.0\u0026fov\u003d90.16722459893755\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dCRt4giDRZ4xHOeFmK1UHnT8ITvk",null,90.16722459893755,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFlhGX29POEc2MWswQUFBUkJOUE5peXc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d90.16722459893755\u0026sv_h\u003d106.16\u0026sv_p\u003d0.0",null,null,[2,"XF_oO8G61k0AAARBNPNiyw"],"SvInfo:0d711207-7fb6-4362-8384-ad7201710ef3"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4: Thimlich Ohinga Archaeological Site\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThimlich Ohinga is a unique architectural stone structure situated in Nyanza province, 181 km south of Kisumu, in Migori district. Archaeological records of materials found within the site date from beyond 500 years ago. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe stone structure enclosure has walls ranging from 1.0 to 4.2 meters in height, which were built of loose stones and blocks without any dressing or mortar.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFmctcnFCNk9sb0JFQUFBUkJjVnVKN1E\u003d",138.71605682390106,12.834500797072565,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dg-rqB6OloBEAAARBcVuJ7Q\u0026heading\u003d138.71605682390106\u0026pitch\u003d12.834500797072565\u0026fov\u003d116.89435839633364\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003djWivN_erp8M5SpoBVkgcMoGlkmg",null,116.89435839633364,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFmctcnFCNk9sb0JFQUFBUkJjVnVKN1E%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d116.89435839633364\u0026sv_h\u003d138.71605682390106\u0026sv_p\u003d12.834500797072565",null,null,[2,"g-rqB6OloBEAAARBcVuJ7Q"],"SvInfo:6f27e303-1e5f-48ca-ba71-20e410f51a5b"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5: Olorgesailie pre-historic site\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOlorgesailie pre-historic site is world-renowned as the “factory of stone tools”, and the only place in the world with such a large number. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe prominence and accumulation of human tools represents actual camping places of early men, and evidence that human species had a tropical origin. The site is in a lake basin that existed about 100,000 to 200,000 years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFlQtMHVMR3RiSU1nQUFBUXJCbnRid1E\u003d",329.3264914766848,-3.497217740857124,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dT-0uLGtbIMgAAAQrBntbwQ\u0026heading\u003d-30.673508523315206\u0026pitch\u003d-3.497217740857124\u0026fov\u003d116.76432140332405\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dsE7PwiDGJ2pTyN3BWNCDVssXJuU",null,116.76432140332405,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFlQtMHVMR3RiSU1nQUFBUXJCbnRid1E%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d116.76432140332405\u0026sv_h\u003d329.3264914766848\u0026sv_p\u003d-3.497217740857124",null,null,[2,"T-0uLGtbIMgAAAQrBntbwQ"],"SvInfo:2340bd25-3655-4601-b7a6-e98531cf5cea"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QeiAqJdEbE3huXU-Kk9G35-XmPo6yTOYTrQPYj5ThVxzXmWp5U7NkCOUzn7Zl8ko6MyZ9DbA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6: Institute of Primate Research\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLouis Leakey established the Institute of Primate Research (IPR) in 1960, with monkeys as models to understand human evolution, and as a facility for collection and studies of East African primates. Since its inception, IPR has expanded tremendously in both physical and research facilities, and is now focused on the breeding and use of non-human primate study to prevent and/or treat human diseases under the auspices of animal welfare. 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His government is now devolved with 47 counties. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-0.4407047631447666,36.9598715332171,"CAISFkdLM0lhQlNjWVc4QUFBUkJORVlnekE\u003d",185.1122633784046,15.121469881991189,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dGK3IaBScYW8AAARBNEYgzA\u0026heading\u003d-174.8877366215954\u0026pitch\u003d15.121469881991189\u0026fov\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dzesvVFNgsIlm0aqRWe9SDojeIkQ",0,102.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFkdLM0lhQlNjWVc4QUFBUkJORVlnekE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d185.1122633784046\u0026sv_p\u003d15.121469881991189\u0026sv_lat\u003d-0.4407047631447666\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.9598715332171",null,null,[2,"GK3IaBScYW8AAARBNEYgzA"],"SvInfo:f5b3fcd9-0dce-42a6-bee4-cdbf0eb7f542"]]]]]]],null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,22,"Clusters","EditorialSection:1e9574c4-fef4-4baf-8879-39c243a1c0fc"],["stella.edit.sect",null,28,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","\"Our children may learn about the heroes of the past. Our task is to make ourselves the architects of the future.\"","- Jomo Kenyatta","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T9EBPYP0VnT3OIPyIJPh1JEDoNnYLglIUx-R9La3Vx-n3PHdOEZ0gHsuk6szJhY7SoAg_d","/entity/jomo-kenyatta/m016zr6?categoryId\u003dhistorical-figure",11,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[6,"/m/016zr6"],null,null,["/m/016zr6"],null,[1]]]],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,23,"Quotes","EditorialSection:d4be1e63-6b5a-478c-8c6c-94baadb954d1"],["stella.edit.sect",["Experience Kenya for yourself...",null,null,null,null,1],50,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","Explore Kenya's Spectacular National Parks","Discover 10 things you might not know about Kenya's wildlife, landscapes, and conservancies","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T89WSKmjETLYU9ZWxPbcd1f_QJ2fv7GCz4i0Da5JuPzr7rueBPEIbUCgUVXUskEbVmZXzz","/story/fwXBTRyNkjoyfA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"fwXBTRyNkjoyfA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eDid you know that Kenya’s Ol Pejeta Conservancy is home to the last two surviving northern white rhinos? Or that Hells Gate National Park provides renewable energy for Kenya? Discover more about some of Kenya’s spectacular National Parks through these 10 facts…\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-0.1437586,37.34469820000004,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE9FeXdCSTVmdE50Q21vNGlWYVZnMnN5TDNLZG5INFpVY3NZelVv",53.49383101812824,11.636909878071975,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipOEywBI5ftNtCmo4iVaVg2syL3KdnH4ZUcsYzUo\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-11.6369095-ya-26.506168-fo78.84277",1,78.84277295122439,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE9FeXdCSTVmdE50Q21vNGlWYVZnMnN5TDNLZG5INFpVY3NZelVv\u0026sv_f\u003d78.84277295122439\u0026sv_h\u003d53.49383101812824\u0026sv_p\u003d11.636909878071975\u0026sv_lat\u003d-0.1437586\u0026sv_lng\u003d37.34469820000004",null,80,[10,"AF1QipOEywBI5ftNtCmo4iVaVg2syL3KdnH4ZUcsYzUo"],"SvInfo:b471cd4e-c4e8-4e32-9bba-f5aa1478d46f"]],["","1. Masai Mara has over 1.5 million wildebeest",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Masai Mara is a popular tourist destination for its amazing wildlife viewing areas. With over 95 species of mammals, amphibians, and reptiles roaming around, as well as the annual wildebeest migration bringing 1.5 million animals into the park in July and out in November, you are sure to spot one of the big five (buffalo, elephant, leopard, lion, or rhino).\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.4723422,35.092839599999934,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE5RWl91aVFyTzc4T1VEU3BVSHZvMEdVbHZqRlZJUXM5T0ZHRnph",231.0267682353721,14.611499301255492,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNQZ_uiQrO78OUDSpUHvo0GUlvjFVIQs9OFGFza\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-14.611499-ya-128.97324-fo98.65886",0,98.65886280946484,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE5RWl91aVFyTzc4T1VEU3BVSHZvMEdVbHZqRlZJUXM5T0ZHRnph\u0026sv_f\u003d98.65886280946484\u0026sv_h\u003d231.0267682353721\u0026sv_p\u003d14.611499301255492\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.4723422\u0026sv_lng\u003d35.092839599999934",null,0,[10,"AF1QipNQZ_uiQrO78OUDSpUHvo0GUlvjFVIQs9OFGFza"],"SvInfo:ef522add-ca69-42a0-9887-20f19bcf612f"]],["","2. Ol Pejeta has the last surviving northern white rhinos",[null,"\u003cp\u003eAs the largest black rhino sanctuary in east Africa, Ol Pejeta is working to ensure wildlife conservation and rehabilitate animals rescued from the black market. This is also the home to the last two remaining northern white rhinos, which are close to being extinct.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",0.0291194,36.959443299999975,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE5ITXJQNUJRd3U4VjZEODdlb21NZkJqNE92X2daQ181bHUtZThM",342.2297337145031,-2.7266604885611088,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNHMrP5BQwu8V6D87eomMfBj4Ov_gZC_5lu-e8L\u003dw1200-h1000-pi2.7266605-ya2.2297337-fo78.84277",1,78.84277295122439,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE5ITXJQNUJRd3U4VjZEODdlb21NZkJqNE92X2daQ181bHUtZThM\u0026sv_f\u003d78.84277295122439\u0026sv_h\u003d342.2297337145031\u0026sv_p\u003d-2.7266604885611088\u0026sv_lat\u003d0.0291194\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.959443299999975",null,340,[10,"AF1QipNHMrP5BQwu8V6D87eomMfBj4Ov_gZC_5lu-e8L"],"SvInfo:68236efb-ebb6-4a27-8d09-76be3286c83e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tbyr3SjEr-qPDr2wcX8j3l2dJFlgecQ0sUQVuWLGXDcmvgXP4jTpIK-mOLjN39qbuZECGb",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is Najin and her daughter Fatu, who are the last two female northern white rhinos left in the world.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["","3. You can climb the second tallest mountain in Africa",[null,"\u003cp\u003eOnly falling around 700 meters short of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, Mount Kenya is the second tallest mountain in Africa at 5,199 meters. If you’re up for it, you can climb the mountain and camp among the breath-taking scenery.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-0.1407611,37.314472199999955,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE41MWdMWHB2ajJWWjJReHdJVjNpYkl3UHF0cUVWZ3IxWVRVUjMt",218.57489693638752,32.978530221150606,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipN51gLXpvj2VZ2QxwIV3ibIwPqtqEVgr1YTUR3-\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-32.97853-ya61.574898-fo78.84277",1,78.84277295122439,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE41MWdMWHB2ajJWWjJReHdJVjNpYkl3UHF0cUVWZ3IxWVRVUjMt\u0026sv_f\u003d78.84277295122439\u0026sv_h\u003d218.57489693638752\u0026sv_p\u003d32.978530221150606\u0026sv_lat\u003d-0.1407611\u0026sv_lng\u003d37.314472199999955",null,157,[10,"AF1QipN51gLXpvj2VZ2QxwIV3ibIwPqtqEVgr1YTUR3-"],"SvInfo:eca71c91-4d8f-45f2-bd70-fa843e984655"]],["","4. Find early examples of human evolution at Sibiloi",[null,"\u003cp\u003eKnown as the ‘Cradle of Mankind’, Sibiloi National Park is home to archeological sites which have contributed to the understanding of human evolution. Among the many fossils is a skull of a Homo habilis – the ancestor of Homo sapiens. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",4.2881711,36.26193999999998,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE1tX3EwQ1NHbFpnNERlUEZfUzlxWjl6NnVUZTJQT0ZpOXFsRDY2",188.2395711719172,-7.016137091953183,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMm_q0CSGlZg4DePF_S9qZ9z6uTe2POFi9qlD66\u003dw1200-h1000-pi7.016137-ya142.23958-fo78.84277",1,78.84277295122439,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE1tX3EwQ1NHbFpnNERlUEZfUzlxWjl6NnVUZTJQT0ZpOXFsRDY2\u0026sv_f\u003d78.84277295122439\u0026sv_h\u003d188.2395711719172\u0026sv_p\u003d-7.016137091953183\u0026sv_lat\u003d4.2881711\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.26193999999998",null,46,[10,"AF1QipMm_q0CSGlZg4DePF_S9qZ9z6uTe2POFi9qlD66"],"SvInfo:17c0738d-7bdb-4704-a5b4-e913d2c97d86"]],["","5. Saiwa Swamp and Ruma are home to rare animals",[null,"\u003cp\u003eSee if you can spot an endangered semi-aquatic Sitatunga antelope or a rare De Brazza monkey among the tropical wetlands and forest at the Saiwa Swamp National Park. Or uncover Kenya’s last remaining sanctuary for the endangered roan antelope at the Ruma National Park.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-0.6851823614675856,34.25143700881324,"CAISFlYwUkk0NHc0M3A1R1U3b1dwakhRVUE\u003d",300.748150671503,9.809990498090869,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dV0RI44w43p5GU7oWpjHQUA\u0026heading\u003d-59.251849328496974\u0026pitch\u003d9.809990498090869\u0026fov\u003d115.84277295122439\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003da1Re-iMm9Q0WNHeRZugrVzHtO1w",0,115.84277295122439,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFlYwUkk0NHc0M3A1R1U3b1dwakhRVUE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d115.84277295122439\u0026sv_h\u003d300.748150671503\u0026sv_p\u003d9.809990498090869\u0026sv_lat\u003d-0.6851823614675856\u0026sv_lng\u003d34.25143700881324",null,46,[2,"V0RI44w43p5GU7oWpjHQUA"],"SvInfo:0f69067a-e54f-44e6-b386-dac5377c1933"]],["","6. The Meru and Koru National Parks are ‘sisters’",[null,"\u003cp\u003eAlthough they are two separate parks, the Meru and Koru National Parks are known as ‘sisters’ as they can be found next to each other. Both adjoining parks are filled with jungles, rivers, swamps, and an abundance of wildlife.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",0.1454487946889873,38.201245541857475,"CAISFkxfdXQzU3lOcU1GY3g0MmNBMDdBbUE\u003d",91.47082936174984,12.848239952165173,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dL_ut3SyNqMFcx42cA07AmA\u0026heading\u003d91.47082936174984\u0026pitch\u003d12.848239952165173\u0026fov\u003d98.65886280946484\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dUCJh1dhBcsXUqNjHvK7Wn1y2RoI",0,98.65886280946484,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFkxfdXQzU3lOcU1GY3g0MmNBMDdBbUE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d98.65886280946484\u0026sv_h\u003d91.47082936174984\u0026sv_p\u003d12.848239952165173\u0026sv_lat\u003d0.1454487946889873\u0026sv_lng\u003d38.201245541857475",null,null,[2,"L_ut3SyNqMFcx42cA07AmA"],"SvInfo:bcbef4f5-32b3-43f7-b72d-eb59b61083a4"]],["","7. The Adamsons were buried in Kenyan National Parks",[null,"\u003cp\u003eNaturalists George and \u003ca href\u003d\"/story/the-legacy-of-joy-adamson/5QJC5WcjjvQfIA\"\u003eJoy\u003c/a\u003e Adamson, known for the movie \u003ca href\u003d\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v\u003d9qzEVSORU3o\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eBorn Free\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, made themselves at home at the Adamsons’ Camp in Kora National Park.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-0.07726360419904856,38.39636130590475,"CAISFjNjbm94elZfV3BsdE92U3BwUXBwcEE\u003d",321.82030703650787,5.693976756305119,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003d3cnoxzV_WpltOvSppQpppA\u0026heading\u003d-38.17969296349213\u0026pitch\u003d5.693976756305119\u0026fov\u003d78.84277295122439\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dVqKwHz9ig4mxVgp4LZEBA55QsWM",1,78.84277295122439,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFjNjbm94elZfV3BsdE92U3BwUXBwcEE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d78.84277295122439\u0026sv_h\u003d321.82030703650787\u0026sv_p\u003d5.693976756305119\u0026sv_lat\u003d-0.07726360419904856\u0026sv_lng\u003d38.39636130590475",null,null,[2,"3cnoxzV_WpltOvSppQpppA"],"SvInfo:881d81a0-42f7-45dc-8f13-c666ab81e258"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QE6En37f0mVLFfqnKHnsi76z4J4IqTabmvvIngFONC3xhAo3h8RzJpvR8czfo2HW4LqpbpG6KO",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eAfter their deaths, the Adamsons were buried not far from the camp, with George buried in Koru National Park and Joy buried in the sister park, Meru.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["","8. Tsavo East has the longest lava flow in the world",[null,"\u003cp\u003eYatta Plateau, found in Tsavo East National Park, is the longest lava flow in the world, growing over 300 kilometers in length and rising 100 meters above land. If you trace it back to its origins, you’ll end up at Oldonyo Sabuk near Nairobi.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-2.1833333,38.4166667,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE5mMGhYYktiWVFaUWNGaXZVN1VGbEM4NHlKWmliWm1oMWp6cUE4",71.37982532468509,-2.7848010165096895,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNf0hXbKbYQZQcFivU7UFlC84yJZibZmh1jzqA8\u003dw1200-h1000-pi2.784801-ya71.37982-fo90.0",1,90,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE5mMGhYYktiWVFaUWNGaXZVN1VGbEM4NHlKWmliWm1oMWp6cUE4\u0026sv_f\u003d90.0\u0026sv_h\u003d71.37982532468509\u0026sv_p\u003d-2.7848010165096895\u0026sv_lat\u003d-2.1833333\u0026sv_lng\u003d38.4166667",null,0,[10,"AF1QipNf0hXbKbYQZQcFivU7UFlC84yJZibZmh1jzqA8"],"SvInfo:14981d44-7974-4aa2-a5c1-005681ebf9e5"]],["","9. Over 600 species of birds can be found at Tsavo West",[null,"\u003cp\u003eYou can find amazing wildlife all over Kenya\u0026#39;s National Parks, but Tsavo West offers some of the best game watching opportunities.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-3.5646269,38.21825940000008,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE1aclpQc1VjcGU5X2ZKZmN6WUd2Sl9aeXNySDNFbmx6YU5EV3JL",312.8332208174701,20.278750873857106,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMZrZPsUcpe9_fJfczYGvJ_ZysrH3EnlzaNDWrK\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-20.278751-ya-28.166779-fo108.081406",0,108.08140381758676,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE1aclpQc1VjcGU5X2ZKZmN6WUd2Sl9aeXNySDNFbmx6YU5EV3JL\u0026sv_f\u003d108.08140381758676\u0026sv_h\u003d312.8332208174701\u0026sv_p\u003d20.278750873857106\u0026sv_lat\u003d-3.5646269\u0026sv_lng\u003d38.21825940000008",null,341,[10,"AF1QipMZrZPsUcpe9_fJfczYGvJ_ZysrH3EnlzaNDWrK"],"SvInfo:26ca942d-bc6f-4d25-bb50-051d2c26af18"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SWzbdPiJ1wE8p0-ZrXrf7eyVMc083v_7ZoMS8O5XmYnASgTQG1GDm6d647-4SSmVeYZ4VC-w",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eIf you\u0026#39;re an avid bird watcher, you definitely want to head to Tsavo West National Park as there are over 600 species to discover.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["","10. Hells Gate’s geothermal activity makes renewable energy",[null,"\u003cp\u003eIn the Great Rift Valley, Hells Gate National Park got its name from the geothermal activity that lies within its boundaries. All that geothermal steam not only adds to the atmosphere of the park, but it has been used to generate renewable energy to power electricity in Kenya!\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-0.8872139694111636,36.30531004981367,"CAISFlVWMWRyYnprUC1GWGpxTEtaSU1IQmc\u003d",17.545160458234932,17.477106965988042,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dUV1drbzkP-FXjqLKZIMHBg\u0026heading\u003d17.545160458234932\u0026pitch\u003d17.477106965988042\u0026fov\u003d108.08140381758676\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dF9V2gGcV5LUKWdckJf3twF6_oxU",0,108.08140381758676,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFlVWMWRyYnprUC1GWGpxTEtaSU1IQmc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d108.08140381758676\u0026sv_h\u003d17.545160458234932\u0026sv_p\u003d17.477106965988042\u0026sv_lat\u003d-0.8872139694111636\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.30531004981367",null,300,[2,"UV1drbzkP-FXjqLKZIMHBg"],"SvInfo:64b56245-4790-4499-ad17-c678a22422d5"]],[""],[""]],"10 Facts About Kenya's National Parks","Discover the wildlife, history, and beauty of Kenya's national parks"]],["stella.common.cobject","Explore the Nairobi National Museum","Step inside Kenya’s heritage spanning history, culture, nature, and contemporary art","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TvLd4nOFN90hZLfss6II2x__rJSNAi1IVuGh2BpxWx5XBVoeTHu1OGTzg7Ctz0ojleuWNtWg","/story/8wUBPCHm72TXsg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"8wUBPCHm72TXsg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"],[[["","Welcome to Nairobi National Museum",[null,"\u003cp\u003eNairobi National Museum tells the story of Kenya\u0026#39;s rich heritage. The museum\u0026#39;s mission is to collect, preserve, study, document and present Kenya’s past and present cultural and natural heritage.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.273853618133084,36.814061361916856,"CAISFnJuX2p5QU5OMmNjQUFBUkRveUhmUXc\u003d",125.02040090959784,9.245083288577803,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003drn_jyANN2ccAAARDoyHfQw\u0026heading\u003d125.02040090959784\u0026pitch\u003d9.245083288577803\u0026fov\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dCHiR_RCPCFa2CV0I25vLQdLmn1I",0,102.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFnJuX2p5QU5OMmNjQUFBUkRveUhmUXc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d125.02040090959784\u0026sv_p\u003d9.245083288577803\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273853618133084\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.814061361916856",null,null,[2,"rn_jyANN2ccAAARDoyHfQw"],"SvInfo:93296613-97b1-4822-a83f-7a9f19921290"]],["","Celebrating Kenya's communities",[null,"\u003cp\u003eToday 44 communities are officially recognized by the government. The National Museums of Kenya holds objects telling the stories of these communities, which represent the country\u0026#39;s ethnic diversity and vibrant cultures.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.274017358173512,36.814208557052666,"CAISFko1WlQ0ODJkRXAwQUFBUkRveUhmVGc\u003d",302.9443956042577,11.935953917417194,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dJ5ZT482dEp0AAARDoyHfTg\u0026heading\u003d-57.05560439574231\u0026pitch\u003d11.935953917417194\u0026fov\u003d89.99999999999999\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dj3EtDekZbBZq1ucFiSgHPbbilzQ",1,89.99999999999999,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFko1WlQ0ODJkRXAwQUFBUkRveUhmVGc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d89.99999999999999\u0026sv_h\u003d302.9443956042577\u0026sv_p\u003d11.935953917417194\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.274017358173512\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.814208557052666",null,null,[2,"J5ZT482dEp0AAARDoyHfTg"],"SvInfo:69695fa4-4108-4f46-a8aa-b8d60ae34bff"]],["","The Hall of Kenya: where heritage lives on",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Hall of Kenya is dedicated to the country\u0026#39;s unique tangible and intangible heritage. In this gallery Kenya\u0026#39;s nature, culture and history meet. Six vitrines display key objects from the collection.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.273854355061586,36.814351370862255,"CAISFnBtYW5hekhRMG9FQUFBUkRveUhmbGc\u003d",32.74182687580067,-2.789195894905191,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dpmanazHQ0oEAAARDoyHflg\u0026heading\u003d32.74182687580067\u0026pitch\u003d-2.789195894905191\u0026fov\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dqNLM60aG6QK4hPAYN480onogiak",0,102.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFnBtYW5hekhRMG9FQUFBUkRveUhmbGc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d32.74182687580067\u0026sv_p\u003d-2.789195894905191\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273854355061586\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.814351370862255",null,null,[2,"pmanazHQ0oEAAARDoyHflg"],"SvInfo:88c0acd4-9f4d-4885-8870-a4002885b6cc"]],["","The gourds sculpture",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe centrepiece consists of hundreds of gourds collected from communities all over Kenya. Made from fruits of plants, the gourds vary in size, shape and color. The gourds are used for storage, measuring and fermentation. The sculpture symbolizes the unity of Kenya.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.273860027975338,36.81447126879914,"CAISFkRyeDBpZk5WOTBZQUFBUkRveUhmbXc\u003d",275.76544911883775,12.128090235275266,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dDrx0ifNV90YAAARDoyHfmw\u0026heading\u003d-84.23455088116225\u0026pitch\u003d12.128090235275266\u0026fov\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dW98NjghIDgL5nzCPVkdFHh880NU",0,102.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFkRyeDBpZk5WOTBZQUFBUkRveUhmbXc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d275.76544911883775\u0026sv_p\u003d12.128090235275266\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273860027975338\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81447126879914",null,null,[2,"Drx0ifNV90YAAARDoyHfmw"],"SvInfo:e48f65e2-2323-4007-b407-3c4f1b322321"]],["","A Motonyi headdress",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Montonyi is a traditional headdress made by Maasai youths, preferably from big and colourful birds. Before a youth was circumcised, he would wander about the countryside with his friends, catching birds for his headdress. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.273909898950152,36.81431896574304,"CAISFk1oTTlkMGExUzdFQUFBUkRveUhmbFE\u003d",302.6274995909122,-13.10924103908826,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dMhM9d0a1S7EAAARDoyHflQ\u0026heading\u003d-57.37250040908782\u0026pitch\u003d-13.10924103908826\u0026fov\u003d65.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dXf8SBy59FAwyd16J7gLKJk2Eg2o",1,65.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFk1oTTlkMGExUzdFQUFBUkRveUhmbFE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d65.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d302.6274995909122\u0026sv_p\u003d-13.10924103908826\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273909898950152\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81431896574304",null,null,[2,"MhM9d0a1S7EAAARDoyHflQ"],"SvInfo:7526303e-b124-4582-aac0-54bee889ed03"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eAfter circumcision he would wait for about eight days before going out to catch some more birds. The birds on display are examples of species which were commonly hunted for making the Motonyi headdress.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.273909898950152,36.81431896574304,"CAISFk1oTTlkMGExUzdFQUFBUkRveUhmbFE\u003d",301.15987462581165,-5.272019670831284,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dMhM9d0a1S7EAAARDoyHflQ\u0026heading\u003d-58.84012537418835\u0026pitch\u003d-5.272019670831284\u0026fov\u003d36.50505665890633\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dc9ctNlcHkZXb7Kd3aLbh_3j5fAc",2,36.50505665890633,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFk1oTTlkMGExUzdFQUFBUkRveUhmbFE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d36.50505665890633\u0026sv_h\u003d301.15987462581165\u0026sv_p\u003d-5.272019670831284\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273909898950152\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81431896574304",null,null,[2,"MhM9d0a1S7EAAARDoyHflQ"],"SvInfo:c9bf8f91-59d3-45f4-beaf-9daab8df6c25"]],["","The Abuu",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Abuu is a musical intrument used by the Luo community. It is a combination of gourds leading to a horn at the tip. The gourds are held together by wax and ground bark of the Powo (Grewia) tree. The Abuu is blown during important ceremonies and used for entertainment.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.27380554527318,36.8143750266305,"CAISFjdJdjZQTFJUVXdNQUFBUkRveUhmbHc\u003d",300.67326693208446,-17.6818375250879,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003d7Iv6PLRTUwMAAARDoyHflw\u0026heading\u003d-59.32673306791554\u0026pitch\u003d-17.6818375250879\u0026fov\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dbDvaIusap7V01OzCH9y9vVZDlv4",0,102.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFjdJdjZQTFJUVXdNQUFBUkRveUhmbHc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d300.67326693208446\u0026sv_p\u003d-17.6818375250879\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.27380554527318\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.8143750266305",null,null,[2,"7Iv6PLRTUwMAAARDoyHflw"],"SvInfo:9060e30d-a03d-4295-b63e-641182bb6328"]],["","Butterfly Map of Kenya",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis artwork represents a mosaic map of Kenya, which has been made using a collection of butterflies from various parts of the country. Kenya\u0026#39;s butterflies are quite diverse in terms of their size and colour. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.273701001253737,36.81442425044145,"CAISFk1MR3d2elcyc3A4QUFBUkRveUhmbUE\u003d",299.9619229788768,-15.080277854882482,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dMLGwvzW2sp8AAARDoyHfmA\u0026heading\u003d-60.03807702112317\u0026pitch\u003d-15.080277854882482\u0026fov\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dj6j0OVDedF5vsKy48dihS4bAJCU",0,102.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFk1MR3d2elcyc3A4QUFBUkRveUhmbUE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d299.9619229788768\u0026sv_p\u003d-15.080277854882482\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273701001253737\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81442425044145",null,null,[2,"MLGwvzW2sp8AAARDoyHfmA"],"SvInfo:715dc8d4-8eef-4395-a09a-3f9c5cd0f3e9"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eButterflies are among the most popular groups of insects; they are relatively large in size and beautiful. They are active during the day and rarely harmful to human activities. Butterflies and moths collectively belong to one major insect group.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.273701001253737,36.81442425044145,"CAISFk1MR3d2elcyc3A4QUFBUkRveUhmbUE\u003d",295.4953429383369,-12.68969799892156,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dMLGwvzW2sp8AAARDoyHfmA\u0026heading\u003d-64.50465706166312\u0026pitch\u003d-12.68969799892156\u0026fov\u003d65.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003d4SAwzonNyahDv9fU21o2eUqmZB0",1,65.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFk1MR3d2elcyc3A4QUFBUkRveUhmbUE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d65.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d295.4953429383369\u0026sv_p\u003d-12.68969799892156\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273701001253737\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81442425044145",null,null,[2,"MLGwvzW2sp8AAARDoyHfmA"],"SvInfo:d36f5f31-020c-4cf5-afe1-d6a4e9fc6050"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eKenya is very rich in different species of butterflies. This is attributed to the diverse habitats in the country. Currently, Kenya has over 900 species of known butterflies. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.273701001253737,36.81442425044145,"CAISFk1MR3d2elcyc3A4QUFBUkRveUhmbUE\u003d",298.2093252677911,-11.29411927431309,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dMLGwvzW2sp8AAARDoyHfmA\u0026heading\u003d-61.79067473220891\u0026pitch\u003d-11.29411927431309\u0026fov\u003d38.37522656415706\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003do4SEFFjg4BxD7C2O1l4OUfcvLYo",2,38.37522656415706,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFk1MR3d2elcyc3A4QUFBUkRveUhmbUE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d38.37522656415706\u0026sv_h\u003d298.2093252677911\u0026sv_p\u003d-11.29411927431309\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273701001253737\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81442425044145",null,null,[2,"MLGwvzW2sp8AAARDoyHfmA"],"SvInfo:255275e3-2879-49c8-9ba6-0401df36d1d2"]],["","A Sambu/Sambut",[null,"\u003cp\u003eSambu or Sambut is a cloak made from the skins of Sykes monkeys (such as the stuffed one next to it) and decorated with pieces of black and white colobus skins. The cloak is worn by leaders of the Kalenjin people during important occasions and ceremonies. Please note that it is not sustainable to kill these animals.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.27376093022154,36.81452771655768,"CAISFkdHMUFUQXhnZFQ0QUFBUkRveUhmbkE\u003d",114.40659852757703,-16.93005342168027,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dGG1ATAxgdT4AAARDoyHfnA\u0026heading\u003d114.40659852757703\u0026pitch\u003d-16.93005342168027\u0026fov\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dgD5hJnsXN_0OykZKFNQU7M41Ntc",0,102.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFkdHMUFUQXhnZFQ0QUFBUkRveUhmbkE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d114.40659852757703\u0026sv_p\u003d-16.93005342168027\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.27376093022154\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81452771655768",null,null,[2,"GG1ATAxgdT4AAARDoyHfnA"],"SvInfo:613dc587-c65b-497f-a354-343298edf7bb"]],["","The Siwa",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Siwa, the ceremonial side blown horn, is one of the most distinctive items of regalia from sub-Saharan African. 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Our task is to make ourselves the architects of the future.\u0026quot;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eJomo Kenyatta, first president of Kenya\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcFA3TlVaYTNpRDNrUk9zVnBIN2QzbkkwYVZ2WmRhWWM3bHBpcmt5",283.6110076865039,13.784707913328788,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipP7NUZa3iD3kROsVpH7d3nI0aVvZdaYc7lpirky\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-13.784708-ya-26.388992-fo90.0028",null,90.00280058801084,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcFA3TlVaYTNpRDNrUk9zVnBIN2QzbkkwYVZ2WmRhWWM3bHBpcmt5\u0026sv_f\u003d90.00280058801084\u0026sv_h\u003d283.6110076865039\u0026sv_p\u003d13.784707913328788",null,310,[10,"AF1QipP7NUZa3iD3kROsVpH7d3nI0aVvZdaYc7lpirky"],"SvInfo:72ab3294-a4fa-4697-bdfe-e9f4b39c8221"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q36fjqYMjlN1-d1sPgQBNNtiF0h1cZnorSwddj_ibVuXUjkShRpWMQw9RQW66PizC6ryhzjA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUNESCO conventions\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe properties identified by a state party must have outstanding universal cultural, historical, natural and archaeological value. Kenya has ratified itself to two of the World Heritage conventions, namely: the 1972 Convention of The Protection of The World Cultural and Natural Heritage, and the 2003 Convention for The Safeguarding of The Intangible Cultural Heritage. The National Museums of Kenya (NMK), as the focal point for the UNESCO in Kenya, was and still is responsible in ratifying the country to these conventions, and managing the seven sites highlighted in this exhibition.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RA8CwfleK_J2psWFMBU5y4iJX4umlOtgId3cx72-P8UJs_yUxXmDFHmd_qt9H4CPJBC-qoiw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe National Museums of Kenya\u0026#39;s (NMK) role\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNMK undertakes a rigorous research process to gather information on any of the properties under its management before displaying them to the public. The Museums and Heritage Act (2006), states the qualities these properties should possess in accordance with the UNESCO convention(s) guidelines.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Museum, through its numerous researchers, gathers information from the community of people local to where the property is situated, to get their perspectives and beliefs. Once this information has been deemed pertinent, it goes through a process of refinement before finally being put up as a gazette notice to allow for public opinion/discourse. Afterwards, the Museum takes over the day to day management of the site.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBreathtaking colors, flora and fauna\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLake Turkana National Parks consist of Sibiloi, the South and Central Islands, covering a total area of 161,485 hectares, all located within the Lake Turkana basin whose total surface area is 7 million hectares. The Lake is the largest desert lake in the world, surrounded by an arid, seemingly extraterrestrial landscape that is often devoid of life. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe long body of Lake Turkana drops down along the Rift Valley from the Ethiopian border, extending 249 kilometers from north to south and 44 km at its widest point, with an average depth of 30 meters. It is Africa’s fourth largest lake, fondly called the Jade Sea because of its breathtaking color.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE12cS1kWHlGdDVDTmZYVGxmdDd3dnZVS1AzbFdCS0lDLVRySjF3",74.81693950624707,0.48821514006250766,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMvq-dXyFt5CNfXTlft7wvvUKP3lWBKIC-TrJ1w\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-0.48821515-ya158.81694-fo73.71257",null,73.71256657481383,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE12cS1kWHlGdDVDTmZYVGxmdDd3dnZVS1AzbFdCS0lDLVRySjF3\u0026sv_f\u003d73.71256657481383\u0026sv_h\u003d74.81693950624707\u0026sv_p\u003d0.48821514006250766",null,276,[10,"AF1QipMvq-dXyFt5CNfXTlft7wvvUKP3lWBKIC-TrJ1w"],"SvInfo:0032bbad-6d79-456f-8520-f08d4085670f"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q7AanTDtZFZzd7yw2y4GQK1MrliflGQqk26EF_eDH4pugcXaLGfzCp8skuegG15aGQaizT9w",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA discovery site at Lake Turkana\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAt Koobi Fora, extensive paleontological finds have been made, starting in 1969 with the discovery of Paranthropus boisei. The discovery of Homo habilis thereafter is evidence of the existence of a relatively intelligent hominid two million years ago, and reflects the change in climate from moist forest grassland to the present hot desert. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese and many more discoveries have been made by NMK researchers in partnership with external parties. Today, all research collections are housed in NMK and are available for further research.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TeEtMlek3hH2vOXi4ziSmLXJhCmuwNAw9WCfyJT_8nyKstresNz6ZsiuIKhvh-ekO0VoFVQY4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe second highest peak in Africa\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMount Kenya straddles the equator about 193 km north-east of Nairobi and about 480 km from the Kenyan coast. At 5,199 m, Mount Kenya is the second highest mountain in Africa and is an ancient extinct volcano.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Ra7EmHsNmuYdGblkW6OryTB_XKqhjCFEvjbyiFRLaITTdoIL2-l2Favijw5I77eh2spxTpR1yj",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe evolution of ecology\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe evolution and ecology of its afro-alpine flora provide an outstanding example of ecological and biological processes, as discovered and studied by NMK researchers. The area also lies within the traditional migrating route of the African elephant population.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SEwF2KuK8gruzphBFBpRiSGjhCQI8nntAB0jt_ns6NHcdlstv5qml_IM8WG1UB_7T8Rk9YhQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExploring the narrow streets and alleyways\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe town is characterized by narrow streets and alleyways that only allow for movement by foot or donkey. The town\u0026#39;s architecture and stone buildings are influenced by a fusion of Swahili, Arabic, Persian, Indian and European building styles. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUnlike other Swahili settlements which have been abandoned along the East African coast, Lamu has continuously been inhabited for over 700 years. Lamu was once an important trading center in Islamic coastal East Africa, dating back to the twelfth century. It is a major reservoir of Swahili culture, whose inhabitants have managed to sustain their traditional values as demonstrated by their sense of social unity and cohesion. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLamu boasts of several historic sites, including the German Post Office, the Lamu Museum, and the Lamu Fort.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tm4bG7G_XyaIA7EWa3RTSDW2iXwQb6K7HN5_1aSYVWFCpZl9uT2slctKMTeu476PkFzU90fNn8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRepositories of the Mijikenda people\u0026#39;s spiritual beliefs\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSpread out along around 200km of the coastal region of Kenya are ten separate forested sites, mostly on low hills, ranging in size from 30 to around 300 hectares, in which are the remains of fortified villages, Kayas, of the Mijikenda people. They represent more than thirty surviving Kayas.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kayas began to fall out of use in the early 20th century. They are now revered as the repositories of spiritual beliefs of the Mijikenda people, and seen as the sacred abode of their ancestors.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TAZ9-K4Z3BZnFjq8DvgQ58ZUlq5WOY5ISXJihfV8E-1lk4obkF05xiAXQFF3PswodJangn0g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eShell spoons used by the Mijikenda community\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe forest around the Kayas have been nurtured by the Mijikenda community to protect the sacred graves and groves and are now almost the only remains of the once extensive coastal lowland forest.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tj9wVnG-BgIlf5_H099ORqjSJC9gXCPy2cAeBN_d2WOuUIVAYyU2wqn6n14GBLY4AnoG1fNg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAstonishing landscapes\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMajor tectonic and volcanic events have shaped the distinctive landscape, which is a place for discovery.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QEQ7h8vt7PiJvC3ZshWWm2hjOwVza1skZse6ChiLyLvJUDLnkvcRSZ8YE2uAiL2mWAbbmlbBY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWildlife wonders\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe lakes have large mammal populations and are recognised as a valuable place for the study of ecological processes of major importance. It\u0026#39;s possible to spot black rhinos, Rothschild’s giraffes, greater kudus, lions, cheetahs and wild dogs.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QrD0A4q1JXBsEEHt9Tlji2-o4vISHGtOUmcIpk-u6L026VzMvTdLiu1w1yDntpS2ufMSly3w",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFlamingos, pelicans and birdlife\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor most of the year, up to 4 million lesser flamingos move between the three shallow lakes in an outstanding wildlife spectacle. Surrounded by hot springs, geysers, and the steep escarpment of the Rift Valley with its volcanic outcrops, the natural setting of the lakes provides an exceptional experience of nature.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe lakes are home to 13 globally threatened bird species and some of the highest bird diversities in the world. It is the single most important foraging site for the lesser flamingo anywhere, and a major nesting and breeding ground for great white pelicans.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R14RY9IJuc1Kai8M594fWF5odmcPzcbWphVL2E2MO5LgGNPwrILX0BGTWNfgc9ETxSprPQVFk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eArchitecture built by the Portuguese\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Fort – built by the Portuguese in 1593-1596, to Giovanni Battista Cairati\u0026#39;s designs, to protect the port of Mombasa – is one of the most outstanding and well preserved examples of 16th century Portuguese military fortification, and a landmark in the history of this type of construction. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Fort’s layout and form reflected the Renaissance ideal that perfect proportions and geometric harmony are to be found in the human body. The property covers an area of 2.36 hectares and includes the fort’s moat and immediate surroundings.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFort Jesus, Mombasa, bears physical witness, in its structures and subsequent transformations, to the interchange of cultural values and influences between and among peoples of African, Arab, Turkish, Persian and European origin, who fought to gain and maintain their control over this strategic port.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInside Fort Jesus Museum\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe museum holds objects from archaeological excavations at Fort Jesus, Gede, Manda and Ungwana.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSK0FGMVFpcE1QSzRpY2ZLMkxtelpQa1NVZDlvSjBJeVR2ZkhIRUM1VkFrYXc\u003d",323.58200488059754,-7.389173137827953,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMPK4icfK2LmzZPkSUd9oJ0IyTvfHHEC5VAkaw\u003dw1200-h1000-pi7.389173-ya159.582-fo127.0",null,127,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSK0FGMVFpcE1QSzRpY2ZLMkxtelpQa1NVZDlvSjBJeVR2ZkhIRUM1VkFrYXc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d127.0\u0026sv_h\u003d323.58200488059754\u0026sv_p\u003d-7.389173137827953",null,164,[10,"AF1QipMPK4icfK2LmzZPkSUd9oJ0IyTvfHHEC5VAkaw"],"SvInfo:5903318b-2884-4a38-a20d-6ede006a541f"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBuilt by communities\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eArchaeological records of materials found within the site go beyond 500 years ago. Since the present inhabitants of the area arrived probably some three centuries ago, it seems most likely that Bantus – who initially occupied this region prior to the arrival of Luos – first built the stone structures. Abundant rocks on the hilly areas provided them with building materials to meet their security requirements.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSubsequently, communities that moved into this region in the period between the 15th and 19th centuries carried out repair work and modification on the structures. However, all these episodes of occupation and repair did not interfere with the architecture and preservation of the structures.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDuring the first quarter of the twentieth century, the abandonment of Ohingni started en mass. No more stone structures were constructed, and consequently some stone structures were reduced to mere traces of circumferences or disappeared altogether. Thimlich Ohinga is one of the few stone structures that survived.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFnlTRWNyb3I0Z3RrQUFBUkJjVnVKN0E\u003d",183.30654636528465,2.54979738310017,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dySEcror4gtkAAARBcVuJ7A\u0026heading\u003d-176.69345363471535\u0026pitch\u003d2.54979738310017\u0026fov\u003d90.3031003523145\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dqv81M7YfQcxRburfjlNBFCZptDY",null,90.3031003523145,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFnlTRWNyb3I0Z3RrQUFBUkJjVnVKN0E%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d90.3031003523145\u0026sv_h\u003d183.30654636528465\u0026sv_p\u003d2.54979738310017",null,null,[2,"ySEcror4gtkAAARBcVuJ7A"],"SvInfo:cf5dddbf-edb0-4c1f-9fad-b911f8c3c313"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Ru97chfwPbWB3iF0qY_jhbF4vUoedV5b5VIDtppwZVn2FghZgKzJfYB8znbmXLjkR6TEjtPiWl",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003ePurposely selected elongated slabs were used at the gates as lintels to support the weight of the stones above the entrance.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RPasb3Tu-IJIac-BvcbTmcpkkGOuieGwt4gXdaZ6S3OMjkfFBBK_g8QTWWPubAMVY4zQelV8g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSites on the tentative list:\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Mombasa Old Town (1997)\u003cbr\u003e2. Lake Nakuru National Park (1999)\u003cbr\u003e3. Lake Naivasha (1999)\u003cbr\u003e4. Lake Bogoria National Reserve (1999)\u003cbr\u003e5. The Historic Town of Gedi (2010)\u003cbr\u003e6. The Mfangano-Rusinga Island Complex (2010)\u003cbr\u003e7. The African Great Rift Valley - The Marakwet Escarpment Furrow Irrigation System (2010)\u003cbr\u003e8. The African Great Rift Valley - Olorgesailie Prehistoric Site (2010)\u003cbr\u003e9. Aberdare Mountains (2010)\u003cbr\u003e10. The Eastern Arc Coastal Forests (Arabuko-Sokoke Forest and Shimba Hills National Reserve) (2010)\u003cbr\u003e11. The Kakemega Forest (2010)\u003cbr\u003e12. The Meru Conservation Area (2010)\u003cbr\u003e13. The African Great Rift Valley - Hell’s Gate National Park (2010)\u003cbr\u003e14. The African Great Rift Valley - The Maasai Mara (2010)\u003cbr\u003e15. The Great Rift Valley - The Kenya Lakes System (2010)\u003cbr\u003e16. The Tana Delta and Forests Complex (2010)\u003cbr\u003e17. Tsavo Parks and Chyulu Hills Complex (2010)\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","6 Ways to Experience Nairobi Culture","Not-to-be-missed sights and activities in Kenya’s vibrant city","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T3cX0-qOmjDT2FRE3vzaKvArMz9V1EIfZBT8iNdLw2Ke2-oAjK02JZCo05ZYQ7CnjiNzuf","/story/7gWBsJid4fgMKQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"7gWBsJid4fgMKQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q-p-2eMMdy3WYT7l3-pBBDLpTzBAqI-p-y2elmdq73vhbQgaw4M-LYFBVbuW6bEU3V1LKh",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eNairobi is the capital of Kenya and is the largest city in the country. In Swahili (or Kiswahili, as it’s referred to locally), the city name means “place of cool waters,” referring to the Nairobi River that runs through the city. Whether you want to experience a major, modern city of over three million people or be whisked back to the ancient past of Africa by standing on the plains of the Serengeti or the edge of the Great Rift Valley (both of which are close by), the diverse and vibrant city of Nairobi has it all.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q-p-2eMMdy3WYT7l3-pBBDLpTzBAqI-p-y2elmdq73vhbQgaw4M-LYFBVbuW6bEU3V1LKh",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eExplore these six ways to experience Nairobi culture...\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QgwwpwIaltbzfVnRWhih8WDVmHosB4ELRs6PF1ffp_NjSdf8UiWpc4NqMvvhFNDWTBKLqZYKg","Maasai Market at Village Market Mall",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe longest-running and perhaps most traditional Maasai Market in Nairobi is the one held on Fridays at the Village Market Mall in the northern part of Nairobi. Kenyan brothers Hamed and Mehraz Ehsani created the Village Market Mall with the objective of giving locals, tourists, and ex-pats a recreational area for gathering.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QgwwpwIaltbzfVnRWhih8WDVmHosB4ELRs6PF1ffp_NjSdf8UiWpc4NqMvvhFNDWTBKLqZYKg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe market hall has expanded to 15 times the originally planned size and scope, now hosting initiatives such as the Maasai Market, which features over 400 artisans who specialize in ethnic relics such as iron sculptures, batik textile prints, and paintings. This lively center also hosts performances from local musicians and weekly art exhibitions to showcase up and coming talent.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QR-LlmJAwY9_s5mouhhE6WT8q3hCPr-T0KD5JMsFtbFYsaugfCNJfv3K6y7xNkPNWnFJ62J3L1","Mcensal School of Fashion and Design",[null,"\u003cp\u003eIf you have an interest in fashion, you might want to see the latest fashion designs that have come out of the \u003ca href\u003d\"/partner/mcensal-school-of-fashion-and-design\"\u003eMcensal School of Fashion and Design\u003c/a\u003e. It’s one of the most prestigious colleges in Kenya, known for producing alumnae ready to revolutionize runways. Mcensal’s mission is to nurture talent beyond the fundamental art of tailoring and get their students to think about design, branding, and more.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QodfJloqwiGl5qcftvPeJFe5O6QP6HdhQ-iNNasF-wzKdZwAqNvGRViSXU5eBNk7qWao_2MYE","African Heritage House",[null,"\u003cp\u003eOverlooking Nairobi National Park is the \u003ca href\u003d\"/partner/african-heritage-house\"\u003eAfrican Heritage House\u003c/a\u003e. Founded in the early 1970s by former U.S. State Department relief officer Alan Donovan, the house is home to over 6,000 distinct pieces of traditional art and crafts from all over Africa.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QodfJloqwiGl5qcftvPeJFe5O6QP6HdhQ-iNNasF-wzKdZwAqNvGRViSXU5eBNk7qWao_2MYE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eHere visitors can find items of African handiwork such as Kamba beadwork (made by the Kamba tribe of Kenya), elaborate masks (from the Ibo, in Nigeria), ceremonial daggers carved by the Bakuba people of the Congo, Ase Oke (hand-woven cloths by the Yoruba men), and plenty more heritage pieces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sb4KaMlPy4esleNFf9HUFDqelNj6lmnj4gNKUhaJrktBtsgy2FdW6zEI1RvMxNzVe3nFlmug","Nairobi Street Food",[null,"\u003cp\u003eA natural and logical extension of artistic culture in Nairobi is the exciting and colorful food scene to be found there. The most well-known cuisine in Kenya is \u003ci\u003eNyama Choma\u003c/i\u003e, which means, quite simply, “barbecued or roasted meats.” While \u003ci\u003eNyama Choma\u003c/i\u003e is the regional cuisine for which Nairobi — and Kenya more broadly — is best known, the expansion of Nairobi as a truly global city has led to an infusion of flavors from around the world. This has resulted in a hybrid fusion of European, Pan-Asian, and African cuisines that are sure to delight the palate of any hungry traveler to the Kenyan Capital.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sb4KaMlPy4esleNFf9HUFDqelNj6lmnj4gNKUhaJrktBtsgy2FdW6zEI1RvMxNzVe3nFlmug",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe tradition of eating this barbecued meat is one that has survived for generations, as Kenyans relied heavily on hunting. Typically, you will find the men of Nairobi cooking the meat directly over an open flame, but the process is not your ordinary barbecue.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sb4KaMlPy4esleNFf9HUFDqelNj6lmnj4gNKUhaJrktBtsgy2FdW6zEI1RvMxNzVe3nFlmug",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eKenyans have a special technique of cooking the meat where the fat creates a layer of insulation, rendering the inside moist, tender, and cooked to smoked perfection. \u003ci\u003eNyama Choma\u003c/i\u003e is now often seen as a “street food” but the skill involved in preparation was once only reserved for special occasions and communal celebrations.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TnuNrq4L_Onbjr7F0BzIADsFqiItZH6EGxkQLa0alIjvkigpC_HviAwgfpNR9xhl54otwvIA","GoDown Arts Center",[null,"\u003cp\u003eFor a more modern take on the thriving arts scene in Nairobi, you don\u0026#39;t need to look further than the \u003ca href\u003d\"/partner/godown-arts-centre\"\u003eGoDown Arts Center\u003c/a\u003e, founded in 2003 in what was formerly warehouse for car repairs. Intended to showcase the wide range of creativity and artistic expression of Kenyan and East African artists across many different mediums, GoDown boasts over 10,000 meters of space dedicated to supporting contemporary art in this region of Africa.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rtm3EwQIxbtrKWRER8nTuTHvmISQgIkhdnwOlYYxlZ0ZnWtLrHq2u8252AICtGFAyZhdMfnZRV","Kenya National Archive",[null,"\u003cp\u003eAnother museum of vital importance to the history of Africa is the \u003ca href\u003d\"/partner/kenya-national-archives\"\u003eKenya National Archives\u003c/a\u003e, located in Nairobi and founded in 1965 around the time of Kenyan Independence. With over 40,000 archival records and documents stretching back to the colonial period in Kenya, the National Archives are an incredible repository of artifacts essential to preserving the history of Kenya and Africa.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RmQpc6ETmHjUcWO37omoUe_Hqd2E5UxRWI7UQHMdr2UeUmx3mue3e5YdlIjEsA7lmFMJzCuUY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eAcclaimed by many as one of Africa\u0026#39;s greatest living artists, \u003ca href\u003d\"/entity/m0gtvd4_\"\u003eBruce Onobrakpeya\u003c/a\u003e’s work is on display at the museum. He is known as an innovator of unique artistic techniques, including plastograph – a technique invented by Onobrakpeya by accident when he dropped glue on zinc plates, which had an interesting reaction to the elements of the metal, forming a unique textural effect which he has since used as a hallmark style.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QwspBCLKG8fSVSfiBmwdAeoPn7TRt96xJf-mjndSOiB8BF9s1kVPSmf5I0BKvNEFXfQwz3",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eToday, Nairobi boasts a thriving and diverse contemporary cultural scene, with markets, fashion schools, street food, and more that show what the vibrant Kenyan city has to offer.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"6 Ways to Experience Nairobi Culture","From Maasai Markets to Fashion Schools, Nairobi Has Something for Everyone"]],["stella.common.cobject","10 Unforgettable Museums and Sites to Visit","Explore Kenya's cultural and natural heritage","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T2bKd1jbnd5GW-p93isdbnq2DE5VVawO57Yf49xEnf29KLWYdqKoDgVd5Y3rTK2jlD_VhaJg","/story/LAXxyBe9i0TkLg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"LAXxyBe9i0TkLg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,1,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_THlYFhuK0lRiCfEObRK-vnRcwWjZ07AbBWnu1uFQV9PxQUrrkvMDmVbEIf_l5XgCZ5VC8l5-0",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3 must-see objects at the museum:\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e1. Ahmed the Elephant\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCome face to face with the most famous elephant of Africa. See the skeleton and a lifesize model of Ahmed, who was known for his large tusks and put under 24 hour protection by President Kenyatta.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. The Turkana boy\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Turkana boy is the most complete skeleton found of an early hominid. It is 1.6 million years old.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. The Joy Adamson gallery\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLearn more about the iconic illustrator, conservationist and author, and explore her paintings celebrating Kenya\u0026#39;s flora, fauna and people.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePoint Zero\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe building also houses Point Zero, which is the point from which all distances in Kenya were measured from. The gallery is used to teach school children about measurement and map work.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFkRiNFQ3TkU0bnNZQUFBUkJOUE5qTWc\u003d",104.37623999203174,13.023858944907715,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dDb4T7NE4nsYAAARBNPNjMg\u0026heading\u003d104.37623999203174\u0026pitch\u003d13.023858944907715\u0026fov\u003d127.0\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dpchF8-_gQtvuj9mQWG9dHkS_Yvk",null,127,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFkRiNFQ3TkU0bnNZQUFBUkJOUE5qTWc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d127.0\u0026sv_h\u003d104.37623999203174\u0026sv_p\u003d13.023858944907715",null,null,[2,"Db4T7NE4nsYAAARBNPNjMg"],"SvInfo:bdc451ac-bccb-4d6a-847f-74694ac9119b"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Murumbi African Heritage collection\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDiscover the Joseph and Sheila Murumbi permanent collection, which includes ancient sculptures, paintings and artifacts of daily life from diverse African cultures.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFndKU19lMWw1WEk4QUFBUkJOUE5qVkE\u003d",293.05695905730363,2.5558752889264156,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dwJS_e1l5XI8AAARBNPNjVA\u0026heading\u003d-66.94304094269637\u0026pitch\u003d2.5558752889264156\u0026fov\u003d127.0\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dNhg2gg-Y0TBtVojcBQhGxILWwgU",null,127,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFndKU19lMWw1WEk4QUFBUkJOUE5qVkE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d127.0\u0026sv_h\u003d293.05695905730363\u0026sv_p\u003d2.5558752889264156",null,null,[2,"wJS_e1l5XI8AAARBNPNjVA"],"SvInfo:75733a8b-4ce2-4f3b-b25c-51fa85bdb1ea"]],["",null,null,["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFjBQNldJMG5HdTZjQUFBUXJCbnI4WVE\u003d",8.186401884701112,-2.788566014550028,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003d0P6WI0nGu6cAAAQrBnr8YQ\u0026heading\u003d8.186401884701112\u0026pitch\u003d-2.788566014550028\u0026fov\u003d127.0\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dONv-jGLfdElCqT5nFEtiZOKxpXQ",null,127,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFjBQNldJMG5HdTZjQUFBUXJCbnI4WVE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d127.0\u0026sv_h\u003d8.186401884701112\u0026sv_p\u003d-2.788566014550028",null,null,[2,"0P6WI0nGu6cAAAQrBnr8YQ"],"SvInfo:c0f9c814-5b23-4892-93a5-f82f84ed36bc"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026#39;Out of Africa\u0026#39;\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe farmhouse gained international fame with the release of the movie \u003ci\u003eOut of Africa\u003c/i\u003e, starring Meryl Streep and Robert Redford. The movie is based on Karen Blixen\u0026#39;s autobiographical novel from 1937.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,[null,"2EW2kNCmZZ0"]],["",null,null,["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFnlMbDBvWW9iVV9VQUFBUXJCbnI4WWc\u003d",29.434427768239914,-9.489209632415623,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dyLl0oYobU_UAAAQrBnr8Yg\u0026heading\u003d29.434427768239914\u0026pitch\u003d-9.489209632415623\u0026fov\u003d127.0\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dGbAiEgQLR2OYtWLOI5P04TKsfoU",null,127,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFnlMbDBvWW9iVV9VQUFBUXJCbnI4WWc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d127.0\u0026sv_h\u003d29.434427768239914\u0026sv_p\u003d-9.489209632415623",null,null,[2,"yLl0oYobU_UAAAQrBnr8Yg"],"SvInfo:f2156424-8236-4cdf-9d24-b42e4ebc4935"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20th Anniversary Monument\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe three sculptures showcased here represent the spirit of the Kenyan people. The 1st sculpture with the man, a shield and two spears symbolizes courage, strength and defense of freedom. The middle one stands for the Kenyan motto; \u003ci\u003eAmani\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eUpendo\u003c/i\u003e na \u003ci\u003eUmoja\u003c/i\u003e i.e. love, peace and unity. The last sculpture of the four men hoisting up the Kenyan flag represents oneness.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFjFuUU1tdDdCZF84QUFBUXJEQ0VLWnc\u003d",222.31185549560985,26.876651387664538,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003d1nQMmt7Bd_8AAAQrDCEKZw\u0026heading\u003d-137.68814450439015\u0026pitch\u003d26.876651387664538\u0026fov\u003d119.75558247045632\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dPft7Fq8cnR_ZYf4QF4hqMzHGil8",null,119.75558247045632,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFjFuUU1tdDdCZF84QUFBUXJEQ0VLWnc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d119.75558247045632\u0026sv_h\u003d222.31185549560985\u0026sv_p\u003d26.876651387664538",null,null,[2,"1nQMmt7Bd_8AAAQrDCEKZw"],"SvInfo:939de249-cbe7-4b01-aa98-2a07250251a8"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25th Anniversary Monument\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eErected in 1987 to celebrate the anniversary, the monument depicts three people pushing a marble prism and column. This symbolizes the oneness of the Kenyan people.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFm44MmVycmlOcWZzQUFBUXJEQ0VLYlE\u003d",234.65832030788346,16.47936656355661,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dn82erriNqfsAAAQrDCEKbQ\u0026heading\u003d-125.34167969211654\u0026pitch\u003d16.47936656355661\u0026fov\u003d127.0\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dM-UsoqxXZGh2v4retiBpuWdl194",null,127,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFm44MmVycmlOcWZzQUFBUXJEQ0VLYlE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d127.0\u0026sv_h\u003d234.65832030788346\u0026sv_p\u003d16.47936656355661",null,null,[2,"n82erriNqfsAAAQrDCEKbQ"],"SvInfo:1bf0e8f0-fccc-4f61-98d5-3644dd52adea"]],["",null,null,["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFkVSOXNSUUVVS1NjQUFBUkJOUE5pMkE\u003d",2.7112802880623637,-17.419456889629373,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dER9sRQEUKScAAARBNPNi2A\u0026heading\u003d2.7112802880623637\u0026pitch\u003d-17.419456889629373\u0026fov\u003d127.0\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dK1jsBrzOANAeKc7_NGIxTKMnkk0",null,127,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFkVSOXNSUUVVS1NjQUFBUkJOUE5pMkE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d127.0\u0026sv_h\u003d2.7112802880623637\u0026sv_p\u003d-17.419456889629373",null,null,[2,"ER9sRQEUKScAAARBNPNi2A"],"SvInfo:d1473cd3-49ed-495a-bf52-072c5cae3f07"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kariandusi riverbed\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDating back between 700,000 to 1 million years, Kariandusi is possibly the first Acheulian site to have been found in situ in East Africa. Dr. Leakey, a renowned paleontologist, believed that this was a factory site of the Acheulian period. He made this conclusion after numerous collections of specimens were found lying in the Kariandusi riverbed.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFkNXV3E0SFZFUk53QUFBUXJEUkNqZGc\u003d",99.18255314919315,-21.922021972374154,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dCWWq4HVERNwAAAQrDRCjdg\u0026heading\u003d99.18255314919315\u0026pitch\u003d-21.922021972374154\u0026fov\u003d90.19799415228844\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dMEDQ7c3AFpkJMMrR6vpu1PmVLdg",null,90.19799415228844,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFkNXV3E0SFZFUk53QUFBUXJEUkNqZGc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d90.19799415228844\u0026sv_h\u003d99.18255314919315\u0026sv_p\u003d-21.922021972374154",null,null,[2,"CWWq4HVERNwAAAQrDRCjdg"],"SvInfo:90a52b1e-c247-4b99-975f-be54729d9898"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe first law court is unique in the sense that the seats are inbuilt and concrete, with those on which the judges used to sit being slightly raised, giving the sense of authority.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFjU3T3RBbVRVdWpRQUFBUkJORVlnMEE\u003d",276.4844219313031,0.47297217848796436,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003d57OtAmTUujQAAARBNEYg0A\u0026heading\u003d-83.51557806869693\u0026pitch\u003d0.47297217848796436\u0026fov\u003d127.0\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003d4LAj1T7tCg4au8Il2Gbzzqty7v4",null,127,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFjU3T3RBbVRVdWpRQUFBUkJORVlnMEE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d127.0\u0026sv_h\u003d276.4844219313031\u0026sv_p\u003d0.47297217848796436",null,null,[2,"57OtAmTUujQAAARBNEYg0A"],"SvInfo:7a5ef628-7f26-49b6-a308-545f36168c1b"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eResearchers, Dr. and Mrs. Leakey started investigations on the site in 1942, where they found important evidence concerning the habits and activities of early prehistoric peoples of the Acheuleus or “Hand axe” culture.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFlQtMHVMR3RiSU1nQUFBUXJCbnRid1E\u003d",41.47134739859733,-11.096370543275825,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dT-0uLGtbIMgAAAQrBntbwQ\u0026heading\u003d41.47134739859733\u0026pitch\u003d-11.096370543275825\u0026fov\u003d123.2785378310658\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dt8TFYLQ9Jf562vi-AYSni8NlwBg",null,123.2785378310658,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFlQtMHVMR3RiSU1nQUFBUXJCbnRid1E%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d123.2785378310658\u0026sv_h\u003d41.47134739859733\u0026sv_p\u003d-11.096370543275825",null,null,[2,"T-0uLGtbIMgAAAQrBntbwQ"],"SvInfo:bfd1b260-d309-4e3d-a32e-c0c129da09e3"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eArchaeological records of materials found within the site go back beyond 500 years ago. Since the present inhabitants of the area arrived probably some three centuries ago, it seems most likely that Bantus, who initially occupied this region prior to the arrival of Luos, first built the stone structures. Abundant rocks on the hilly areas provided them with building materials to meet their security requirements.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFnlTRWNyb3I0Z3RrQUFBUkJjVnVKN0E\u003d",202.68448685614706,1.2265817822221123,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dySEcror4gtkAAARBcVuJ7A\u0026heading\u003d-157.31551314385294\u0026pitch\u003d1.2265817822221123\u0026fov\u003d90.27500689566746\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dEhHav8BStBGgpF4qYLrrwqNXxlY",null,90.27500689566746,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFnlTRWNyb3I0Z3RrQUFBUkJjVnVKN0E%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d90.27500689566746\u0026sv_h\u003d202.68448685614706\u0026sv_p\u003d1.2265817822221123",null,null,[2,"ySEcror4gtkAAARBcVuJ7A"],"SvInfo:e290dcea-479b-405e-bab5-e8cc5742ca16"]]],"Discover Kenya's Heritage","10 Must-See Museums and Sites"]]]],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,24,"SimpleStack","EditorialSection:0ef7acf9-ae03-4ac2-8c12-a4f0c5fa5a78"],["stella.edit.sect",null,19,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","Are you a teacher or a parent?","A downloadable lesson plan that can be used by teachers in class or given to students to work through at their own pace","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TfSIlGmXSfggJnM0UOLNyPECO0_1UTqEfyDvcrBgyu1A0--iwP7ORygrV0eKxx5JoV5Oha","https://storage.googleapis.com/lesson-plans/Kenya_Learn-Anywhere.pdf",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null,"Learn Anywhere Lesson Plan"],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1]]]],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,25,"Banner","EditorialSection:7b56aebb-2325-42f0-9d19-d5d5e6fef11e"],["stella.edit.sect",["Continue the journey...",null,null,null,null,1],31,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","Tour the sites","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8Vz7hkPECfmURTK-CsjRjp4PbNsE_TX_IENPPh7p20vhcK2DX7zOPNk-R4M1Ynbj9leux","/search/streetview?project\u003didentities-of-kenya",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1]],["stella.common.cobject","Read the stories","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RBMRZlzq4p288TF_F6D2LJFTC7r0e8KYeIzQ2LZCfZK9l8JXQktjsfeML0VR695EfPlDNZ","/search/exhibit?project\u003didentities-of-kenya",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null,null,null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:921117d3-89cc-43ad-b487-147c8ddd0351","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RBMRZlzq4p288TF_F6D2LJFTC7r0e8KYeIzQ2LZCfZK9l8JXQktjsfeML0VR695EfPlDNZ","MkqHuDzJ2LBmLhpETNZ_C7BzKxA",[0.5,0.32141137,0,1.7117695,0.64282274],null,null,null,[3510,4950]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1]],["stella.common.cobject","Study the details","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RewqJtjN1mPDFwJxUECSD8y53oZJVyuluoSguXUXZgqeEqIiHuszD3eH0Idbj00zcDaagMrg","/search/asset?project\u003didentities-of-kenya",null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null,null,null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:0776ea6b-39c1-44fc-a0cc-175f28f59ddd","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RewqJtjN1mPDFwJxUECSD8y53oZJVyuluoSguXUXZgqeEqIiHuszD3eH0Idbj00zcDaagMrg","SlfhNZMpXwygQQYEkW8iMhGC5mk",[0.7723765,0.6197263,0,0.2403441,0.19590306],null,null,null,[5696,3466]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[1]],["stella.common.cobject","Step behind-the-scenes","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TXJ2Z6dvIaSCZ4zF9IRjvu9CYsMKgYP1TOWJftBQlGKZOFTQPRRLhEIyvm_oXPiaoVaulD","/story/7QUhGQ3avLbbLg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"7QUhGQ3avLbbLg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,4,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_ScIB5Af0c2wrLsGkBlQtouvPhcs_bPIQjF4ZtUaSShu0isWYzJBDilWtTMYEfXavrJZn-7xJw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e“Karibu, welcome to The National Museums of Kenya. We collect, preserve, study, document and present Kenya’s past and present cultural and natural heritage. On May 17th 2018 we began digitising objects telling the stories of the more than 44 communities of Kenya. Dating back centuries, the stories and traditions of the people of Kenya are some of the most fascinating in the world. They have enriched the country through social, economic, political and cultural activities, each with their own unique stories.“\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eDirector General, Dr. Mzalendo Kibunjia\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TuyrVtUFmXSL8nTjYwBfeoC42pgKoJ0gHU67B24hTcaqvXivVSqoJ4ILNY0f_YlJLNisuk_A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u0026quot;A team of more than 20 people were involved in the digitization project, which took a year to complete. Over 10,000 objects from The Cultural Heritage Department were photographed, along with 500 paintings from The National Museums Archives. Street Views were captured of 14 sites, among others, Karen Blixen’s House, Uhuru Gardens and the Nairobi National Museum.\u0026quot;\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eDirector General, Dr. Mzalendo Kibunjia\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S9-1vs92mtuhRoQ0lKIDvBpJki8OUP253RaatN7Fxg7VO2j5-699aYPOPa6G6u_CzDOPvBQA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u0026quot;Our collections have never been digitized, and the majority of objects have not been seen by anyone before. It\u0026#39;s exciting to know that everyone around the world now has access to our collections and can explore them online. I hope it will encourage new research, conversations, and visits to Kenya. It\u0026#39;s a pretty extraordinary place.\u0026quot;\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eCurator/Research Scientist, Philemon Nyamanga\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T-ZlOwwfAqHZM7NQkInh92jf05mPrkLXzZpQB3yhm3jWNV1wNW4g1wFXK7pKZOz-SdYRfV",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u0026quot;The Cultural Heritage Department holds a collection of over 60,000 objects, with the earliest dating to 1880 and the most recent 2018. Objects include weapons, shields, textiles, clothing, kangas, instruments, gourds, pots, furniture, dolls, masks, baskets, jewelery, fishing traps, textiles, combs, tools, ritual and medicine objects.“\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eCurator/Research Scientist, Audia Atogo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T-ZlOwwfAqHZM7NQkInh92jf05mPrkLXzZpQB3yhm3jWNV1wNW4g1wFXK7pKZOz-SdYRfV",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u0026quot;This incredible Nyatiti from the Luo community in Western Kenya has an incredible sound. Similar instruments are still used today, often to play the popular Benga music. It has eight-strings and is made of leather and wood.“\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eCurator/Research Scientist, Audia Atogo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QnyvvnGYwWMnBRnA9RcQt0_XWVSUOS4PYJa59k9adGAbcnaIXL8D0jrli9PwlnK6bQqB55yQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u0026quot;The National Museums Archive section includes a collection of more than 4 Million items, telling the stories of Kenya. There are photographs of rock art, Mau Mau, and recordings of birdsong. For this project we digitized 300 paintings by artist Joy Adamson, 21 paintings by artist Leonard Kateete, and over 100 paintings by contemporary Kenyan artists.\u0026quot;\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eCurator/Archivist, Immelda Kithuka\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RHbVuht9Qgnw9H5y57j2eZxmg9C01vdMMAYsjthaZ2OEpP7reVqotk32x4zjis0vkL5awM1Jc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u0026quot;For six months a specialized digitization team worked hard to document the objects, in close collaboration with the curators. The team would:\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003e1) Find the object in the Storage department\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003e2) Find the object card containing the object\u0026#39;s unique details, including object number and location\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003e3) Take the object to the photography studio\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003e4) Hand over the object card to the metadata team\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003e5) Finally, return the object and object card to it\u0026#39;s original location.\u0026quot;\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eCollections Manager, Ray Balongo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TYsw9LnRqKJqTH1X56rRrO2erVMahT5tL3BD9DMRG-sgGIPqRNQtALHmpjV7gSpd0lUrLieotV",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u0026quot;The movement of every single object was tracked and recorded by the team.\u0026quot;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eCollections Manager, Ray Balongo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RTOAFn_0gehQLmFa0OAmRwm-UbovKHf6on6djI7_zirRF1XxX_diXNRGbyKzyoeY1rF2kGRbJR",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u0026quot;A temporary photography studio was set up and around 100 objects were photographed each day, depending on the objects\u0026#39; condition.\u0026quot;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eCollections Manager, Ray Balongo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QTfH_lOl0Na5jhJX5_h7YNwFF4fYl_qCiI9KuZBaeaDLcSoYZun8vFc7fAbjClcPpYEYiO4g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u0026quot;The Joy Adamson collection includes illustrated portraits of 42 Kenyan communities, 40 for fish and over 300 for botanic collection.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese collections contain a wide variety of national and cultural information in the country. Digitizing them will enhance their access worldwide.\u0026quot;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eCurator/Archivist, Immelda Kithuka\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SfjijNEvxPFKMWnV3on1p9naZuPLVK6wI0GF3Dix_8hhIPvFDO25rHIADyX39p0UgmJSI_vQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u0026quot;Over 30 communities were recorded for this project, among them, the Agikuyu, Luo, Maasai and Akamba. There are many more communities in Kenya, and the National Museums of Kenya is committed to representing and celebrating them all within its collections.\u0026quot; \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eCurator/Research scientist, Mercy Gakii\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q3QH205vhWllcSChP4FnSaqE4uLg5wmydpxg9tvV2GKVXtYbppNSXJic1rtvJIe2B4Ep9Lm-M",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e“We invite you to explore the collections of the National Museums of Kenya on Google Arts \u0026amp; Culture, and look forward to welcoming you in Kenya soon.“\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eDirector General, Dr. Mzalendo Kibunjia\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rh_8RAmolF02O9UTuOslZfPbSNoU0d5PIlutNF-LAkx0D8TkgQ_7jHv628uuW8Y-iwvpix_JAB",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e“The government\u0026#39;s collaboration with Google has democratized access to Kenya’s rich cultural heritage and enabled more people to discover our culture and human connections in new, exciting and interactive ways. It has also encouraged real-life visits to the country\u0026#39;s museums, monuments and heritage sites”\u003c/i\u003e.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eDr. (Amb.) Amina C. Mohamed, Cabinet Secretary for Sports, Culture and Heritage\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"National Museums of Kenya Digitizes Objects","Over 10,000 objects from the Cultural Heritage Department and 500 paintings from the National Museums Archives have been digitized"]]]],null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,26,"NavigationCards","EditorialSection:58b21112-fc1c-405f-b8e9-3a4ed3e2cc21"]],["06_09_22","Tue, Sep 6"],"From the cradle of mankind to the superheroes of today","en"],null,null,null,null,null,null,0,"en","pp_76ab5db7"];window.INIT_data['SvInfo:6f27e303-1e5f-48ca-ba71-20e410f51a5b'] = ["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFmctcnFCNk9sb0JFQUFBUkJjVnVKN1E\u003d",138.71605682390106,12.834500797072565,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dg-rqB6OloBEAAARBcVuJ7Q\u0026heading\u003d138.71605682390106\u0026pitch\u003d12.834500797072565\u0026fov\u003d116.89435839633364\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003djWivN_erp8M5SpoBVkgcMoGlkmg",null,116.89435839633364,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFmctcnFCNk9sb0JFQUFBUkJjVnVKN1E%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d116.89435839633364\u0026sv_h\u003d138.71605682390106\u0026sv_p\u003d12.834500797072565",null,null,[2,"g-rqB6OloBEAAARBcVuJ7Q"],"SvInfo:6f27e303-1e5f-48ca-ba71-20e410f51a5b"];window.INIT_data['SvInfo:65522923-dcc6-4d44-8ec9-a30557c37d37'] = ["stella.svi",-1.273594731095973,36.81473387876042,"CAISFlY1bmFxMmUyRldBQUFBUkRveUhmTmc\u003d",339.12067159011343,2.533506484542869,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dV5naq2e2FWAAAARDoyHfNg\u0026heading\u003d-20.87932840988657\u0026pitch\u003d2.533506484542869\u0026fov\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dlMqWOzBS1cgIdUkrQzP5NQsyUUg",0,102.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFlY1bmFxMmUyRldBQUFBUkRveUhmTmc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d339.12067159011343\u0026sv_p\u003d2.533506484542869\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273594731095973\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81473387876042",null,null,[2,"V5naq2e2FWAAAARDoyHfNg"],"SvInfo:65522923-dcc6-4d44-8ec9-a30557c37d37"];window.INIT_data['EditorialSection:f55449b9-6a53-4080-ae27-0eb51175f2c7'] = ["stella.edit.sect",["The people who wear their pride","Flair and function in Kenyan fashion",null,null,null,1],8,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","Body Marks, Makeup, and Scarification","Social, historical, and traditional meanings behind body modifications","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QLBewSiG8f7FlTaLJ-_b5hPhmmM1SpkR0ojxYeGuxSuHtYw7e1yTO1Xwe1UgQAHkTdIPI_1fw","/story/PgWxegfzRa0qKA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," ",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:ba72dd26-907b-4ab0-8dad-ab9f6124c448","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QLBewSiG8f7FlTaLJ-_b5hPhmmM1SpkR0ojxYeGuxSuHtYw7e1yTO1Xwe1UgQAHkTdIPI_1fw","kKMhJ4O7haP3LJ68Xj27P2uf1g4",[0.5,0.4013088,0,1.6391312,0.49264705],null,null,null,[2600,3858]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"PgWxegfzRa0qKA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TWxJWgFAFXB-S0P1NwtjovucapLZ1GU6q44hmHDOdpfRzwOGamsBTqQCQbXv3HEp8LSrDBPDc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAfrican body markings\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAfrica has a rich culture of body markings, which is an integral part of society, history, and traditions. Body markings were and are both temporary and permanent modifications of the body, which transmit complex messages about identity and social status. They emphasize social, political, and religious roles.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TUywX0j0hYrV7-qDXDYhPAvKR6H9oPd8k6EI0_PliGDK4xCFt51iLtOfEKhbBK4TRdX2xABNBZ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWearing your identity card\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn some traditional African communities, body markings were like wearing your identity card on your face. In the past, and in certain areas today, it is a mark of pride, and a major aesthetic and cultural component.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qs88nE_yNu4b8HKtV4eYhM93Y0ZHeAuNt1DyND5UdSqObylZBkIPfocvP1oaV5iDGYbdoiIkWk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOchre\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe most common temporary body markings included ochre, charcoal and henna paintings. Ochre was mostly used by the Maa speaking communities to make decorative marks during celebrations or to apply on hair specifically by warriors (morans). Ochre would be mixed with water for body decorations, and animal fat for hair applications.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SfEWzpDcqou6pjniGGY5lZYzBG58DEqqdO_mjwlOabf-FGqMBG-6UIAauv2l-BgbxJg0IrEw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA warrior in his element\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eJust like this Samburu warrior, distinctive body marks were used to differentiate someone from everyone else. In every ethnic community, body marks told an individual\u0026#39;s gender, rank in society, family and clan, in addition to symbolizing beauty or strength.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SlK3nZrZhplLl2p2u9x0RhZtXwU25zqapoQqKCPTp9ybpJlqBMUefxhgFKvgh2IK8CUY_gN14",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEunoto ceremony\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs part of the Eunoto ceremony, morans traditionally applied red ochre to their heads. The color symbolises rebirth, strength and courage.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RfdzpyUjy05ig5jlZKpmrK_ntfkQDl8FgYDoM0NQgyoYkqviZxfI-hBt7HSShRXWPAkPx4"],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TQAr76Ja-agO-m0_Z4WeX7ZOfOc4GWvom2U0wc40Vt-dVvOg10EClQuYVlQUL0vqY7dO7-dQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDifferent preparations for ochre\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a Muthambi boy prepared for circumcision. His body is decorated with white ochre.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T_MXymMojmLlRwhygYd7X2W-p4NSdyOZh3kRvI59tLm_o7IjNlrMSGBwU9QxjHY-__F2-OvAM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePlant-based dyes\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe coastal communities, especially the Swahili, traditionally favored the heavy usage of henna – a strong, plant-based dye that leaves black marks on the skin. Henna dye was used to draw temporary tattoos across the feet, palms, and face as a form of decoration, exclusively for women.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S5Srwu-3L2kjytGQ00wZjjk8PKseFAktcRWMp4m2Z4F16v1HBisXaoR76Vccuq8cGr6PuE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaulidi festival\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDecorative henna body art is also used today. It is applied during important occasions, including weddings and at the annual Maulidi festival.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TpfqgSfzPuhLFu0DiGgoxhUnkLjPLzXe4ga1VsDYluoAx3TfqnGu_0ZXj0ngwvFb4RuFVHNpDG"],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Ts9Hv7sdD9svv4UxnyoAUbIAFTIJ9e474nDGfGLRhX47wTHKg0pIRDFIEQ21AZLPGobUS8AA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDressed for a wedding\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBody markings to express beauty were worn by girls to mark stages of life such as puberty and marriage. For instance, this Kikuyu bride is ready to assume a new, elevated status in society.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Ts9Hv7sdD9svv4UxnyoAUbIAFTIJ9e474nDGfGLRhX47wTHKg0pIRDFIEQ21AZLPGobUS8AA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eNote her intricate facial make-up, especially the detail around her eyes. These marks were ornamental and made women more attractive to men.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RRAkA7Rv11IEB46TkueA193oAHghojAhAidxSGsUTkic9PgQPF5cU7kM0EvNy1vNFokX6_t6-1",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eScarification\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eScarification is the practice of incising the skin with a sharp instrument, such as a knife, glass, stone, or coconut shell, in such a way as to control the shape of the scar tissue on various parts of the body. This Pokot woman has markings under her eyes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TKYFG8THbznni929rKMt2jQMYyzorpgrg2Li_F3wh7iCa5ZQXR4IOYWBOEM78FwAmMjxzFc-kp",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe appeal behind scars\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePermanent marks such as scars were regarded as appealing to touch as well as to look at, but also as testimony that women could withstand the pain of childbirth. Note the raised scars on this warrior\u0026#39;s chest.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TKYFG8THbznni929rKMt2jQMYyzorpgrg2Li_F3wh7iCa5ZQXR4IOYWBOEM78FwAmMjxzFc-kp",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eForming scar tissue\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSome communities used cicatrisation, which is a technique where a gash is made on the skin with a sharp instrument. The skin is then irritated by rubbing caustic plant juices onto the wound to form blisters, which eventually healed to leave such raised scars.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDark pigments such as ground charcoal were sometimes rubbed onto the wound for emphasis. These cuts, when healed, form raised scars. Beautiful and complex designs depended on the artist’s skills but also on a person’s tolerance to pain.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SUO8H6c8X3FTzi-qxhU1WahLOAxSC2eo_bLB3Nm2-M8OvfqhE22BTRcyTJHVdt4p4R8FG_NpNz",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSculpting scars\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePermanent body markings such as scarification are sometimes made on sculptures that can be seen in some museums around the world.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RTrXZW8lmpP3jzcH6ceVZtmRwNvc94T844ySoO7i7EINOqzVk6SVe14PXDilxWIhwB_65P3LGn",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe ritual significance of scars on sculptures\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eScarification patterns on sculptures are not only marks of beauty, but marks of one’s lineage as well, and in some cases protection against evil spirits.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Dressing to Impress","Traditional clothing and its meaning","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TXigC6t8844gj0HRHq6i8HFBaghKaTlmvp27ZTCPRu6AcKvVRW-BJFbMWiT_aTxtjXTVKm","/story/2gVxl7dyBXPLJg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," ",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:53ff823a-dee5-4403-af2e-bea8187a4c95","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TXigC6t8844gj0HRHq6i8HFBaghKaTlmvp27ZTCPRu6AcKvVRW-BJFbMWiT_aTxtjXTVKm","T-CXdghLKr9NH2pFC5YUG1QI15I",[0.5,0.2506407,0,1.0505453,0.34496894],null,null,null,[2600,3531]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"2gVxl7dyBXPLJg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R3RKQ9mfo5_nkC12ErHdy0WE-psgyMlo671n__pKb7LS-L07mKxMAMSvw24E5YXsrDhGbBZaU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWe wear culture\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Africa an individual’s clothing will not only serve as protection from the elements of weather but also gives information about the wearer, which includes their community, gender, marital status and age. Contemporary African clothing has foreign influence but maintains a lot of traditional style and meaning.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QDO34cb-pgUM6rEOcvOr6MbNQ76NOt1Bjlj-ETVaUD9Hg2Bnkpw3_DBMqDfm_kQy7DFMvDk-A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe symbolism behind traditional attire\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis old Tugen man wears an elder\u0026#39;s gown and headdress, clearly showing his social status in his community. Traditionally, the Tugen lived in the Rift Valley, Kenya.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S8TvAsVatu_emN8qZ55UeiQZKx2BG6S2WcN1_4MI0H_kbgPXJ4b78NDX62wOz4xtj14V2x",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSymbolizing wealth \u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an old Kikuyu man wearing an outfit symbolizing his wealth. Traditionally the Kikuyu community lived in Central Kenya.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SBHI4ecadsuIUrKW3wHzuvLlbF6nKciJMB1R5vcmlK_lMrJ9JcTXJy7rhMC9KZIv841rbNWA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSymbolizing leadership\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Pokomo chief\u0026#39;s traditional regalia signifies his social status as a leader.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TpJe1a0MtcV5kGapId3V56zTwpe31LAuGGDkoUaDvYz8y1xiQq4RZv7anrdV5z3G8ePQ3DCQqZ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCeremonial dress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a married woman from the Imenti sub-community of the Meru, Eastern Kenya. She is dressed in a ceremonial dress and ornaments.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QY8Dq-r_sWzkQcPoyjMijBqYcANc9PJcM4O3fz401BZPsxQsAlKqgJc7oWdWnjzEIUaRTo-A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is a married woman from the Borana community, North-Eastern Kenya, in ceremonial wear.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RQ9CbeNDJGJBaLdX74t4-HJFgE8BsvJaHL_kUSCMJgCHNSPSt_-AuSm5GHSwyNCO7k4GSHuI8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAnimal skins\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Samburu man is dressed in a skin bark cloth and headdress. He is holding a shield and spear.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAnimal skin was the most common traditional African cloth. Different communities wore different animals\u0026#39; skin, and processed them in various ways. The most common was cow hide, which was used to make cloaks, aprons and skirts.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R0PYQre3e--n6C4wNrH1EV4_pVyaBGzV0H8w08xgU96QHM_mN5o8LDoFhT-n9wjSPanMFQVw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eClothing as a statement of bravery\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe most outstanding was lion skin, which was mostly worn by warriors as a sign of bravery. This is an illustration of a Maasai warrior, commonly referred to as Moran, in ceremonial regalia and traditional weaponry.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TrdbgDDmTrg3CxyTXTwqFkUvxX1zzb93IVS0QOe7LzqmigqIaG5xUd45ItxJH8BVYlNbubhg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA crown to show bravery\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe lion’s mane was worn as head gear among the Maasai to identify a warrior who had killed a lion in their lifetime.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QXsGCO_N_bkFcHBwvgxP9_m-lFd8MOu588B3CaIKFlFw0wiwVN8_Uxddseqfx5c4KWMcu0dAQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEvolution of traditional clothing\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHumanity has used animal hides for clothing since the Paleolithic period. Between the 5th and 15th centuries, leather craft was developed, and various innovations have been applied through the centuries.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_StZWQ9n0khgSmM7gdrSLudYdCxxuXqs7gDo2aA4a8BdsbmdIHBeiPcJxwcCSNVv0yimSnOHosG",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTanning techniques\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditional communities used sophisticated tanning techniques of raw hides and skins. These traditional methods are still practiced by various communities – among them, the Turkana, Pokot, Samburu and Somali ethnic groups in Kenya.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SnD8kq92wldhLhmVjABf6aRkWtU2SpMUmRW1obyL8Ozryey74_-1Mianpux0uQ4DZp2pKSqp4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe techniques used for tanning are unique to each ethnic group. In some cases, it involves using the bark of trees, ash, lemon, or fermented bran. Leather tanners are specialized and respected members of the community as the craft has cultural importance amongst these ethnic groups. Leather tanned by these methods is used for a variety of activities and items, ranging from belts, bead works, wallets, traditional skirts, prayer mats, sword holders, beds, and covering material for traditional housing, amongst other uses.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qr_0ct4Y_Bw4PR7N6huF0G-E1uaW3cnYAdu8YxupJIvBQ-kn1jHPnYpuiju9WXLOfLXGtsBg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTigania women wearing leather attire\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an illustration of a Tigania woman wearing a leather beaded dress, cowrie shell belt, and metallic leg and arm ornaments.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SmSetiduSz4lc3Xk72yMrwX6fZrENGaGj6Fm3z1_9zOp9j31k7AWCAxqR4huLJRdB2SLQs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eContemporary dressing with a traditional touch\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an image of an elderly Kamba man in contemporary clothing but influenced by traditional designs. Kamba men traditionally pierced and elongated their earlobes in a similar style.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QQFl-TnEMyv1a-YF6w3jAHROKGavC0j9lbSO9KYHAA-UsSG17QjpbGgpnySnA5zsWJTBiF",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kanga: the talking cloth worn by all\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kanga (Leso) has deep cultural, historical and economic significance throughout the Indian Ocean region and, for more than 100 years, it has remained one of the most popular cultural items across East Africa. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWithin Kenya, the Kanga is a common thread that links and unites cultures, the young and older people, men and women, rich and poor, and locals and foreigners in the colourful, dynamic world of its design.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Maasai Crafts and Fashions","The beautiful craftsmanship and distinctive fashions of the Maasai community","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SS-OzvfC5YCNTy6w-G32ks5ollUPYWneJkDugztF6wjNLwgGyDb1jocmu3pkwI1Z-T8qtN","/story/ggURaG-t_WgykA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"ggURaG-t_WgykA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"],[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R0YyGInD9BU9lddILXaRArpktw2oU-FE62rV16YpRuw9q920oYsz0A6rsNMsOrhcVAB9Gj0A","A distinctive dress sense",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Maasai community are known for their distinctive dress and decorative beaded jewelry. Different Maasai sub-groups can be distinguished by the color combinations of their beaded jewelry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tnke0-EpeA3bHNAjSi6KG3Hn6eq6ZtWZronMqFdebfPtI5RIUAHlcRggKRbJurZMsEWpzPMiA","Woven identity",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Maasai blanket or \u0026#39;red shuka cloth\u0026#39; is perhaps one of the most recognizable symbols of Kenya and the Maasai identity. The Maasai blanket is dominantly red, and made of strong thread, enabling it to endure the harsh weather.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_ReDvfxI_EsKbPTNo8yMjPmuX9u_WnebVRdt4CwDC_AffdYxc22nYFn2zu5-d4LGnYWX545ew","Beaded jewelry",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Maasai are known for making decorative beaded jewelry including necklaces, earrings, headbands, wrist and ankle bracelets. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q7184fV4kGsoQWxL50oHQKxBC_UQDR4q8DKCkQEspqtYM_nv5xWJ7FncEhSnNnSbo5Xzo5Fg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis \u003ci\u003eEnkononkoi\u003c/i\u003e, blue beaded necklace, is strung on a cowhide thong. It was made and worn to show that a woman had many daughters to be circumcised or married. It was also given to men by their fathers as an inheritance.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SmMqDr444jeY6uzIbHldBYhtiqcVOqzaT1MYkofQwyvlQ5UTGD8no_KPJ13_LOXdk0fhUfPdpo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis long leather strap is cut from cow skin and decorated with coloured beads. It was made by a skilled craftsgirl and worn by warriors, as an accessory around the waist, when performing traditional dances. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QyTtR7eUEl1b8q2Dr4EpKKWhx62N9rYDIo5iTukE0QdbcG7NLOG6NkvBXv2DaNR_325PPOtbY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eWorn by Maasai warriors, this apron is made of cow skin and decorated with metal and red, white, yellow, orange, green and blue beads. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rbq1U4_-XhYmkhiWz9Q4bp6-ubK7LWX3dCEdWx2k1JROafshqj01b-eyIN9gqSA86Zunqc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eTo make this bag, buffalo hide was folded while still wet, and the edges were stitched. When the hide was dry, the hairs were removed using a metal scraper. The bag was used to store food and personal objects. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"Maasai Culture","A distinctive dress sense and beaded jewelry"]],["stella.common.cobject","Ogiek Fashions","Celebrate the artistry of Ogiek clothing design","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T5XbU5L0DzFpEgtLCxem2x8jaPmOdnfWud8JSppATHaQ3h_j4K926KhhJmMhZtRzh2TaF48Q","/story/dwXxZ3ms8_xYgg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," ",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:15953d58-be63-4327-a9a9-ef584e53593c","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T5XbU5L0DzFpEgtLCxem2x8jaPmOdnfWud8JSppATHaQ3h_j4K926KhhJmMhZtRzh2TaF48Q","j3af_hZxCgwxWVypA7YMQr2NoXs",[0.39581063,0.50120586,0,2.2934024,0.88805556],null,null,null,[3865,4586]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"dwXxZ3ms8_xYgg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"],[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Ssdn3HPAYUxqX3YO9GoAX9af55ek1qG5mf48yPNEdFk-qDD0xLiuMlcisbttcsPgMIH4wXTg","Meet the Ogiek",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Ogiek live in Kenya\u0026#39;s Mau and Elgon forests. They are known as farmers and beekeepers, but are also skilled artists who make clothing and ornaments.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R6OJxBaLKNyrJota4qxvy7y9FE1BGyNm62baHfgeOAyRk8mqal-qv0eYEdIqIb_V_-fYdZ9zs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis was traditionally a women\u0026#39;s recreational activity, while the men made and dressed themselves in prestigious wild animal skins, and adorned themselves with plumes.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QYlqO_7mSl5ReWDOH8WKn2kYGE6Y96jyawuMQ2bh0FG4jJlxJgFW989_uRFx-O0NBfQj4Au3Y",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis large cape was made of thirty three hyrax skins, sewn together in three rows of eleven skins. It was made by women and girls, and would have been worn by both men and women when they went to the forest. These kind of capes were also used instead of sheets and blankets.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RZWqWQdaUat4vUYfvQ2bht0S_xp6fXrQKcye0JJdrjYC9EK7tuwGXEm7kRoB3tMZl2tpfUUlM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis beautifully designed coat (\u003ci\u003eaguriek top poinik\u003c/i\u003e) is made of monkey skin and cow hide. It was made and worn by men while hunting and gathering in the forest, and during traditional ceremonies. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S6khGWyjJlyplsT8xPClBE--FKsN7T0mzRhyh_UlM48E2x05_Sa79k97ah04lWB4ISLfGQAhQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis cape was made from the skins of about eighteen hyrax, decorated round the neck with a few small beads. It was made by women and girls, and both men and women wore them for warmth. One of these capes would last around seven years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_THw2MypgozZEKgtFGpL77-hr-DBQqL4HOkONHUp95JirN3NFhaUVFPPE7hmvH_maIpFHW6PA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis monkey skin and cotton cloth headdress was stitched and worn by men. It would have been worn while out hunting and gathering.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TxdD0jMEoUN7pyiUlFPtgeNtJfEoaW_EvoGcw87vBEYgNqT5aro54knoNBte-Dz7TE88hcdzLJ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis cap is made from the skin of a blue duiker (a small antelope) and was used by young middle-aged men. It has a few beads to make eyelet holes for thongs, which would hold it on the head. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Dress Like the Samburu Butterfly People","The ornaments, clothing, and hair styles of this colourful community","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RTCtJcLvpCfGNxGza1J8yizL4fSm-YHuI42gR_JG2nQ9QI0DUetb98SvCa3-L1uEG_sB45og","/story/jwWx7Xju10LWBQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"jwWx7Xju10LWBQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"],[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R7i-sEO5uXTG3PFBPqlhmcnhHKB9O4HKVsziJ28k74r8r7I9chUefb_P22mP_YSmH6OGxed5k","Meet the Samburu",[null,"\u003cp\u003eInternationally known for their beautiful and colorful ornaments, attire and hairstyles, the Samburu community are sometimes referred to as \u0026#39;The Butterfly People\u0026#39;.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RGvVytoYti6fHA7hjJ3RNegT06MZvBA-qQYs7RJj5Qv31AffHLeVCN7a-xnqJ71pnO00GBjGle",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThey make clothes and ornaments from animal skin, beads, shells and brass. Men dye their hair with red ochre. Warriors (Morans) keep their long hair in braids, and dress in more colourful attire than other members of the community.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SfEWzpDcqou6pjniGGY5lZYzBG58DEqqdO_mjwlOabf-FGqMBG-6UIAauv2l-BgbxJg0IrEw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe women adorn themselves in beautiful multi-colored beaded necklaces, and other traditional jewelry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SgPojOwlFk1KP0M3yIRkMOzfez2iMgU2QcH9A3wOdKsUso4Ximah4i_c7WcbzbExeqgAtcdQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eYoung warriors (morans) wear ornaments and dye their braided hair in red ochre. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q0fqBWePSd5AfVScrRFdUNnSnSNcrupdHUGyTWXegSgyVQ8usC9vOEbLK-hAnX6eLrd15FrHjC","Jewelry",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis women\u0026#39;s necklace is made of elephant tail hair, each threaded with an old-style bead.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QdfA4mXDFuusEsZFJdmKGOj7ptU89gdCvdyyRhfOAaFUXrkA4Ju9-RCd4q3psyx6HCTtsoucQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis kind of huge collar necklace would only be made and worn by married women. It is made of rows of different coloured beads strung on wire with cooking spacers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RbM61PoMgXhugsuLvJQ6FDoIHU8HCg22JBZ5rMmfP_fppwaYuLX4UimrARB5QeLV19Grmp",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis Samburu man is wearing a beaded earring on his stretched earlobe.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TPt5BTOtFHmJRlc60hSg8zA_qnht00yy41dctLougGmv7NbR2P1lz0p8JmViO7oqpb6yPpg38",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThese colorful beaded earrings are worn by attaching them over the head. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T-Yfh17lsiATo_G74FoIUaJyTiV58L51qujmQO3_NL7Y8w4kRsyduoXlflyr_VEUoBgoPmcg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eBeaded leather earrings with beads in triangles. This is an unusual pattern of decoration, called \u003ci\u003eLdungot\u003c/i\u003e. These earrings are worn only by wives of the Merisho (the oldest living age-set). \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SuJxsrCL2SBtS2ww_2WU0_fXUvWdtoz1M8eT9rTxFtUKqvMB7nQT1eX5-UuYuyautwF0L3IAA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eMade with brass wire and coiled to the required shape, these beautiful earrings hang from the earlobes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qgs4hb14UtJ8tIrkorjrlGlSQr2lEsarqOd6UzHRoV6HxUTGvOA-tcCRityxhn0KBIq-hYLN-9","Attire",[null,"\u003cp\u003eA ceremonial goatskin cloak painted with red ochre and decorated with white cowries. It would have been worn over the shoulder by boys prior to being circumcised. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYJXx-3zAP59bq6RG5F9B74b1VKKAXTefr0dKjV-0RqGlYbRdXQUkH3y9bV13RHWvZg7YQTiY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis colorful beaded belt is worn by young morans, and sometimes even given to their girlfriends as a token of their love. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qu83am5XZVYkPoULQ0e4yXtkzqY1xJDkFVEuUoWHmxPoMHMsRWpBSd5o2pWhbtcOG0bYmxVQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis red ochre cotton cloth was worn by morans as a skirt while dancing during ceremonies. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Njemps Fashions and Craftsmanship","Discover the clothing, jewelry, and ornaments made and worn by the Njemps community","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TADZqzk1GGvjneUjUaeoTocnQtZEaKW4J4TvuBDg6zvPpjCyz4-hhtYQ91M0glCh35zf4I","/story/lQXhovFMu13-pQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," ",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:791aa0fd-5a6e-4afa-bdc4-7994954d6848","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TADZqzk1GGvjneUjUaeoTocnQtZEaKW4J4TvuBDg6zvPpjCyz4-hhtYQ91M0glCh35zf4I","kmjh6oja7Vpq4smioXSG5uS3u0w",[0.49939924,0.4901496,0,2.1859634,0.88697916],null,null,null,[2600,3475]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"lQXhovFMu13-pQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"],[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q1GuTWV3anGv1iUZFomo-NIFiEEfF8JV9xVYJPxcV95B3y8RvDRw-C4QoU27q4NpX9nbOPTg","Meet the Njemps",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Njemps share many cultural traits with other Maa-speaking communities, especially in their mode of dressing. They make clothes and ornaments from leather, beads, brass and copper. Different clothes and ornaments are worn to indicate status among members of the community.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QW1hXuxAkNGz1WVJhO0xsP1CW-KSPdATFK3EURlybVyXbe9ga1Fv3UO-R9N5_C8v57ErfYcCE","Children's ear plugs",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThese wooden earplugs (\u003ci\u003esura\u003c/i\u003e), with holes at the centre, are made from \u003ci\u003eLabusekeil\u003c/i\u003e wood. They were made and worn on the earlobes by young boys and girls. At the age of six (\u003ci\u003eLibatin Awari\u003c/i\u003e), the earlobes were cut and the plugs inserted. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T6P7A3MpRPLxNIOz6Uvp2MIfACmD0frKS4Bb4hphal3wymkp9XYtQ_lsYwc_491Bp8CDV57w","Colorful beadwork",[null,"\u003cp\u003eA pair of bead earrings (\u003ci\u003eoIchonyi onkiya\u003c/i\u003e) sewn on leather and worn on each earlobe by married women.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TmIF_CBhgpN54oY3r9xnOhmWpF9BVa2bTVjRHlOsnARkPYUl16xw_gngY3bnScdgkKiDPj5zQ","Copper earrings",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThese copper earrings were made by a blacksmith. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RBeF3H2PeW4pdFDqEYcWYjgAyqGtaaQB-Q5WuG-1fVsIA35RTZjdH9sa3khjfiVSTCML89-w","Men's earrings",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is an earring made from copper wire, coiled over an iron rod. It would have been worn by old men as an ornament. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q0jNPk0DAdPwOcI2VVhR_6qyx1hOmrTQerid17BByOFnFitiGAmEpEjHnd-xgHOClJAZlowA","Beaded skirt",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis kind of skirt (\u003ci\u003eOlekesena\u003c/i\u003e) was made from goat skin (or cowhide), decorated with beads. Women would scrape off the hair from the goat skin and make it supple by rubbing sheep fat mixed with red ochre. Then colorful beads would be sown on. It was worn by women. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R15ECiG3-53Izq4kDgI7WE6zeNYC3TVWV17GVpw1mCmRR65zl_gusxbqk17ZteiS3gWCGYSqCn","Sandals",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is a cowhide sandal (\u003ci\u003enkamuka\u003c/i\u003e) that has a double sole and coil of cowhide on the straps for decoration. These were made by men and worn by everybody.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Fashions of the Pokot","Discover the traditional clothing, headdresses, and jewelry of Kenya's Pokot community","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RCbplN1oJM7GKQXFmWepIaH4WYsEZZyHup-KIQQ_p4zGeQJWKIyhex_GMw8r3vJ3-nsp63sQ","/story/RQVxD2ElE9vGMg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," ",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:5e1b63fc-7c8d-47d9-9ca8-e622419ef03e","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RCbplN1oJM7GKQXFmWepIaH4WYsEZZyHup-KIQQ_p4zGeQJWKIyhex_GMw8r3vJ3-nsp63sQ","DoRo09JHE1MiP2Ubx85Uqj5w1kM",[0.51728266,0.31810012,0,1.208814,0.43865156],null,null,null,[2600,3884]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"RQVxD2ElE9vGMg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"],[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QPiQwzuQ2ZUachybnf2BXESFRBzvy-5pmw9hroITQJaHCFfQ0OiCNxYQ9AHyXrD6qg6bO9_QMH","Meet the Pokot",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Pokot are a sub-community of the Kalenjin, known for their colorful beadwork and headdresses. Here we explore some of the Pokots\u0026#39; traditional decorative attire.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QjfQAfeY0jFaWMXmg1k91ZilpJsISYf0Gfp2Ieogz9JdBXDg1vtV0W-Udv-8qrHNEJP7L_1CI","Headdress progression",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is the headdress of a young Pokot man about to undergo circumcision. The headdress is in the first phase of building up a chignon. As the young man\u0026#39;s status progresses, so too does his headdress.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QoYFwDn7pNFNzH_h6e3loFXewIpcQ-hbJnPnAXDZ8V6uqngyFv9-enJHvcJ5ZC3u4hydpReiA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eOne month after circumcision, circumcised boys would progress to wearing this a thin headdress, made from beads and fiber from the \u003ci\u003esokotwo\u003c/i\u003e tree. It would be worn on the head, with strings in front.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QGM3H_B_FwbqOxlQYdUlzTwlgzgn3Ssd4g5J877keqvPfknpVV3Kxzjx-_MLRkjFUIBCf16rE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis young Pokot warrior is pictured shortly after achieving adult status. He is wearing a headdress made of ostrich feather and black fur to denote his status.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R635XdX9X5IibolN0xJVt7orjk4c7i8iQwlbL4fhtm35igHiwizIEXyha9_kxqwvbq_lOzBuM","Women's jewelry",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is a Pokot married woman dressed with several strands of beaded necklaces and metallic earrings.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R635XdX9X5IibolN0xJVt7orjk4c7i8iQwlbL4fhtm35igHiwizIEXyha9_kxqwvbq_lOzBuM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eHer earrings are attached by a beaded string to hair-clips, and ornamented with bells, which denote her status and number of children. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qoe_rtXpVwAO5HNfJnN7Qds5mLDjL16ZJXKZtWMUhmJJf19B81ctX4kdbP7QUHVvqz_EeNoys",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is a headband worn by women of all ages for beauty. It is made of threads, beads, shells and aluminium coils. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SuwVkGwF4gNy-0Bq4tofGGoxWGZP8iHBwarVshdVg7sSER2TMsk_Id8u-67ugIPXZh2e7-FbU","Men's ornaments",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis leopard skin cape would have been used by the groom during a wedding, for jumping dances. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SoS3PvLMPvirJdDvAMiKRn9bhjwhhw-ILW0EzWiyhYp4_-iZlGCzdHiOoNvZGmxrn88zlGxAI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is a small pronged wire comb covered with beautifully woven wire. The ends are covered with strands of coiled wire, which holds the ostrich feather. It was used for hair dressing and worn on the head as an ornament by young men who would wear a mud-pack hair-do.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TTYKgrqiFt98sFGBT69H-HgC0L603_n3heqy_L3C8E9fICra_qaJ95ece221JmIdDnK-YV",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis ceremonial headdress would have been worn by men during traditional ceremonies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","How the Kanga Unites Communities","The origin, history, and messages of the colorful cloth","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SyqcYdiPAds4m4Qot5IIIZlviuZymMt5ftJStlWH8vIEhwtSbNu0sAijbeIV5AWcmALdhwJHU","/story/UQXRRgiEQNcJLA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," ",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:b837ae95-f72d-44f7-838f-163f7a06c32b","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SyqcYdiPAds4m4Qot5IIIZlviuZymMt5ftJStlWH8vIEhwtSbNu0sAijbeIV5AWcmALdhwJHU","jfKw0oqxBQKhz24_udQMfmxq_xM",[0.48589727,0.51528895,0,0.4372843,0.31132114],null,null,null,[5467,4021]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"UQXRRgiEQNcJLA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tf7LiKUMzwuY38i2UXlaiDPKjgmXUlBOCSbfURK0EXiG3GNOY5B9-GLIo3ky4p8iEwv7p5rlGk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe talking cloth that unites cultures and communities\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kanga (Leso) has deep cultural, historical and economic significance throughout the Indian Ocean region, and for more than 100 years it has remained one of the most popular of all cultural items across East Africa. Within Kenya, the Kanga is a common thread that links and unites cultures, the young and older people, men and women, rich and poor, and locals and foreigners in the colourful, dynamic world of its design.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RUxf2S1Efch5aATUD6d_5m1tBklXJZ_rUzQOsncMBU4gVzMSCtHrqeIidQ06NmiX9gahxHXO79",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat does \u0026#39;Kanga\u0026#39; mean?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe name is said to have originated from the Swahili word for the guinea fowl, which is black with white spots. Kanga za Mera followed soon after that and included block printing of more intricate designs in red and black on Merikani fabric. There are various theories surrounding the origin of the Kanga cloth, and not all have been highlighted in this exhibit.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QQFl-TnEMyv1a-YF6w3jAHROKGavC0j9lbSO9KYHAA-UsSG17QjpbGgpnySnA5zsWJTBiF",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOrigin and history\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the 19th century, in East Africa, certain varieties of cloth were popular. Among them was a cheap, white, unbleached cotton fabric imported from the United States called Merikani, which was worn by women. The other was Kaniki, a name given to cotton cloth from India. The colorful material was quite popular around the middle of the 1800s and, as demand grew, local merchants began to dye Merikani cloth a deep blue or black. The earliest designs were block printed and had repeating black and white spotted motifs, which inspired the name Kanga.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RI0GxDyertOiuGxBfaapDfM7RN5qVVUwpfmBcc4PJoJPnabGsp5S2OG1bKg_rUVzVF",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProduction and distribution\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFrom the early days, Kangas were largely produced in Europe and India. Throughout the 20th century, British, American, Dutch, and Japanese imported cloth continued to dominate the market. But, in the 1970s, textile mills were set up in Kenya and, in 1985, Tanzania became one of the largest producers of the Kanga. Today, Kangas are produced in Kenya, Tanzania, Oman, India and Pakistan. China has recently become the largest producer. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kanga is today highly fashionable and can be purchased in many markets in Africa, as well as large cities and small villages in Europe and Asia, and in the US. It has retained its ability to survive and is now being printed on cloth other than cotton because of the high prices of cotton in Africa. The most sought after Kangas remain the traditional soft cotton cloths in varieties of colors, patterns and styles.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QZpK5wSJYS2pSqtlx79_GiXgb-a5whjwmIz7Fx7JceocuQshI8cjGvXN1O_5JNXCqUXOasRJc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe design\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kanga is distinctly recognizable from other African textiles because of its design. Its basic design structure consists of a patterned border (pindo) surrounding a central motif (mji) and Swahili proverb or phrase (jina). The rectangular-shaped printed cloth measures about 150 centimeters in length and 110 centimeters in width. The print patterns of the Kanga are categorized into floral, fauna, and other patterns. Two or more usually vibrant, highly-saturated colors and bold patterns are used. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen buying a Kanga, an individual\u0026#39;s choice is influenced by the design, color and text. The Kanga is a beautiful, affordable and accessible cloth, worn and sold uncut and in pairs.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TANFQG_KB9szVbieF1lUmYlInGy4Sg560uQPlmeklaH6ElC4M8VdMSITxMb_7lFTCCwVJxASk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe importance of the Kanga in Kenya and the world\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOriginally a product of the Swahili coastal communities, the Kanga spread across Kenya and today is known and used by nearly every woman, child and man in Kenya, and within Kenyan communities around the world. It has become more prevalent now more than ever before in fashion, tourism, and everyday use.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere are several ways in which people make use of the Kanga. Women wrap them around their bodies in diverse ways, covering and carrying babies, supporting loads carried on the head or back, and as wall hangings. They are also used to make outfits, head pieces, bags, curtains, table cloths, curtains, seat covers, pillows cases, duvet covers, and many more everyday items.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RKA6A6obW-SXcJ1vxuS5UybV7YoD1v1-bN1jBoBo3PG3MWLLprzyukXAQl4HoLN8V4UKU_BA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe talking cloth loved by all\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kanga has become a medium of communication, aimed at integration and individualisation. The images and Swahili texts inscribed on the Kanga are used to pass on various messages, including those which are social, political, religious, or health or development related. The first sayings were inscribed in Arabic script, and with time the writing changed to Swahili. Swahili women in particular use them to convey personal messages to their friends, husbands, and families. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere are Kangas that are printed and used as campaign tools, for passing religious messages such as Idd (Eid al-Fitr) and Christmas wishes, for raising awareness on various issues such as HIV/AIDS, or simply for portraying images of influential figures such as politicians and celebrities.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TbppsCtYGBgNtv7L_qGA8tNbduCahjonAU8n1lKrZx3usuwpr_nuDuMFGkC3ncUnse0MbS-aI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe roles the Kanga plays in communities\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kanga plays a meaningful role for the cultural identity of women in Kenya, especially on the coast and the hinterland of the Indian ocean, where they have been part of the traditional dress of the Swahili for more than a century.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kanga plays various roles in the different lifestages of Kenya\u0026#39;s communities, including, in chronological order: birth, initiation, weddings, elderhood and funerals.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q3qWC_hwNx_vXXDGuGOedCLgJLolfAN1T7iTItkKoOaoURnIS82MRV9uFO4QYx7iS1YG0_nQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eAmong the Kikuyu, for example, a Kanga is given to the mother and grandmother of a newborn. The baby may also be wrapped in an uncut and stitched pair of Kangas to confer prosperity, strength and beauty as a symbol of the parents\u0026#39; love. The mother of a newborn may tie a Kanga around her waist to reduce her stomach. When a girl reaches puberty, red and black Kangas are given to her whereas, during this stage, the girl presents her ritual mother a Kanga in gratitude for imparting knowledge.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SqGmHFny_U59ALL1k6LO7z2XVENjM-oUoglXpwuI2FnTFhcw4A_Ak7yQUzST521-fFrOYFJCAa",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eDuring weddings, several Kangas are placed on the ground so that the bride may walk on them as she leaves the house. This is so she does not get dirty. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAmong Muslims, the Kanga is used for washing the deceased. Kangas are also given to individuals who have lost loved ones, by those who come to console them. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn cosmopolitan communities, the uses of the Kanga include as costumes during school music and drama festivals, and church functions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TB679lTgP_yjv2-wfTSMSLh1YpFkbModSH5l6qlRzdwB1gJbipz_EYEM_oX_pZayJ5ulaE8A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e Amani, Upendo, Umoja - Peace, Love, Unity \u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe message on this Kanga is promoting peace. The fabric has a thin black outer border, the inner border is striped red, green, white and black. Each of the four edges has the map of Kenya, highlighted green, with the words \u0026#39;10 years of nyayo\u0026#39; inscribed. There is also the club across each of the four maps, and a white dove flying with a plant in its beak. The club has the words \u0026#39;stability and progress\u0026#39;. The center has a white map of Africa encircled on a red background, and the map of Kenya is highlighted. Below the circle is another club. The other part is black with white circles.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSwahili text: \u003ci\u003e\u0026#39;Amani, Upendo, Umoja.\u0026#39;\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMeaning: Peace, Love, Unity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TRRkqB4yQ2LHfwqdUWGxnYSOd3gBVTucqD_Ak6nycS7i3h7fqtEemIz-h9W8_5PqMyk2mZ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSiri haidumu milele - a secret does not last forever\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Kanga has a thin black outer border. The inner border is white and has orange zigzag patterns and circles. The centre is blue and has big orange pawpaw leaves and other tinier black leaves on a blue background. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSwahili text: \u003ci\u003e\u0026#39;Siri haidumu milele.\u0026#39;\u003c/i\u003e \u003cbr\u003eMeaning: \u0026#39;A secret does not last forever.\u0026#39;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qj3muzAC7JJ2Y6PTpsKOkItB2K7KGetcBB8SqCw05BDsOftdzNylrMeK5izQoY9rPAhqVCCVE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMahaba ni seraha nibebe nione raha - love is an injury, love me so that I feel happy\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Kanga has a thin dark purple outer border, and the inner border is dark-purple with maroon and white paisley designs, and white flowers. The center is maroon with circular patterns which are maroon, purple and white.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSwahili text: \u003ci\u003e\u0026#39;Mahaba ni seraha nibebe nione raha.\u0026#39;\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMeaning: \u0026#39;Love is an injury, love me so that I feel happy.\u0026#39;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RpMVO8q7EHiAb_1hyt7zg8__KE0Fq7JHBnujHAtrBllAQr2uYnQQmu4ekLqaL48cIR7pdZsw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTop and skirt made of Kanga\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis top, skirt and matching bag are made of a cotton Kanga. It would be worn by girls, especially in the coastal region of Kenya.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TFUh-afqtgWA95wR7SReCEsR7chVVgZ7EEEgtjPxn6ZvShGm09Yf0Myr30pu5LrxXaUje7H88",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNguo / Rindadress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis girl\u0026#39;s dress is made from Kanga cotton cloth. It has the designs of the stars and moon, with a belt fixed on the left and right side.The belt is to be tied at the back to give the dress shape.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RD-swMH33sUI9j_UwdvLJPquoLeBmTwZDgYPIA-2sX2WRAlN3dnz3jn8VZ5Asnr0EAbhv9j6k",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is a basket woven by women using papyrus plant. The outer part is painted with skinny paint, then covered with a Kanga material with zebra patterns. It is decorated with sea shells. It would be made and used by women for carrying personal things and shopping.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_ScW-0ah1nYqEtH8rEiFJIHfcM4R03lfYysbsHdgR8RSmTZ356_eenDC2qw-unOfk3K6-za",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKanga curtain\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a curtain made from kanga cloth and a piece of plain pink material. It would be made and used by everybody.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SM6d7lx7NtqDeiwHHVBnrFTCm8N6QtVYh-VsAbN0nCql8tRD_6bYtBe2sL6etuBqZ7vTmUNA4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKanga duvet quilt\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA duvet made from pieces of Kanga, similar to a quilt. It has a red border and would be used to keep warm.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]]]],null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,20,"CardsLarge","EditorialSection:f55449b9-6a53-4080-ae27-0eb51175f2c7"];window.INIT_data['SvInfo:f27a15f2-426f-4148-a740-ee6aadd6abd3'] = ["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFjczTGsyMS12bWV3QUFBUXJEUkNqY0E\u003d",287.35308925400517,-7.337060372543164,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003d73Lk21-vmewAAAQrDRCjcA\u0026heading\u003d-72.64691074599483\u0026pitch\u003d-7.337060372543164\u0026fov\u003d119.75558247045632\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dTBJ5QAeROQqKw5qiU6VRywZKdXU",null,119.75558247045632,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFjczTGsyMS12bWV3QUFBUXJEUkNqY0E%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d119.75558247045632\u0026sv_h\u003d287.35308925400517\u0026sv_p\u003d-7.337060372543164",null,null,[2,"73Lk21-vmewAAAQrDRCjcA"],"SvInfo:f27a15f2-426f-4148-a740-ee6aadd6abd3"];window.INIT_data['SvInfo:c0f9c814-5b23-4892-93a5-f82f84ed36bc'] = ["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFjBQNldJMG5HdTZjQUFBUXJCbnI4WVE\u003d",8.186401884701112,-2.788566014550028,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003d0P6WI0nGu6cAAAQrBnr8YQ\u0026heading\u003d8.186401884701112\u0026pitch\u003d-2.788566014550028\u0026fov\u003d127.0\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dONv-jGLfdElCqT5nFEtiZOKxpXQ",null,127,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFjBQNldJMG5HdTZjQUFBUXJCbnI4WVE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d127.0\u0026sv_h\u003d8.186401884701112\u0026sv_p\u003d-2.788566014550028",null,null,[2,"0P6WI0nGu6cAAAQrBnr8YQ"],"SvInfo:c0f9c814-5b23-4892-93a5-f82f84ed36bc"];window.INIT_data['EditorialSection:3de9d1da-28fa-48b9-857b-1e47ef9c74a5'] = ["stella.edit.sect",["Sisi ni wakenya / We are Kenyans",null,null,null,null,1],47,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","Get to Know Kenya's Communities","Explore the communities through these traditional objects and ornaments","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QYM4bJvSMOldS0TO8yMwfZ2aOfbJ6CkeTIwaAj9HsOOfQ6ScLdV5bdAzQOEzTnpQUBKD2PXX4","/story/cwVxxupKSK7x2Q",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null,"Welcome to Kenya"],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"cwVxxupKSK7x2Q"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwUx52f2fv_njGpQBYEIePwsPI_tVWq7LVakU3uOovYfamTiyF6vSFcauzZXrtm4HqYXbHUHg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eWithin Kenya’s 44 recognized communities, different traditions and practices show the country’s diverse and vibrant culture. Get to know more about Kenya’s communities through these 10 traditional objects and ornaments...\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwUx52f2fv_njGpQBYEIePwsPI_tVWq7LVakU3uOovYfamTiyF6vSFcauzZXrtm4HqYXbHUHg","Ear piercing was a tradition in most Kenyan communities",[null,"\u003cp\u003eEach community had different practices when it came to the tradition of \u003ca href\u003d\"/story/pgLCImL1ZPThIg\"\u003eear piercing\u003c/a\u003e. In nearly every community, both men and women had their ears pierced, while the stretching of the earlobes to make longer and wider holes was more common in communities living in central and western parts of Kenya.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwUx52f2fv_njGpQBYEIePwsPI_tVWq7LVakU3uOovYfamTiyF6vSFcauzZXrtm4HqYXbHUHg","Drums are the beating heart of Kenyan communities",[null,"\u003cp\u003eEach Kenyan community has used \u003ca href\u003d\"/story/feel-beat-of-kenya-s-communities-the-power-of-the-african-drum/NgLio86uvhJeKA\"\u003edrums\u003c/a\u003e for different purposes and the sound, style, and craft of drums have evolved over time. In many communities, only men would play the drums, while in others, certain drums were only used by women.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwUx52f2fv_njGpQBYEIePwsPI_tVWq7LVakU3uOovYfamTiyF6vSFcauzZXrtm4HqYXbHUHg","Communities could communicate via a huge horn",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href\u003d\"/story/5-reasons-why-the-siwa-side-horn-will-blow-your-mind/tgLyT9gGdDdwKQ\"\u003eSiwa\u003c/a\u003e is a side blown horn and was used by Swahili leaders in the 17th and 18th century to announce ceremonies. The sound of the Siwa was so loud it was able to reach communities living far away to invite them to join the ceremony.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwUx52f2fv_njGpQBYEIePwsPI_tVWq7LVakU3uOovYfamTiyF6vSFcauzZXrtm4HqYXbHUHg","The Kanga holds a common thread that unites communities",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href\u003d\"/story/learn-swahili-21-inspirational-sayings-on-the-kanga%C2%A0/HgJClAZer2a1Lw\"\u003eKanga\u003c/a\u003e is a cloth that was originally produced by the Swahili coastal communities. Through its colorful, dynamic designs and inspirational sayings stitched into the fabrics, it has been thought to unite cultures and people within communities.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwUx52f2fv_njGpQBYEIePwsPI_tVWq7LVakU3uOovYfamTiyF6vSFcauzZXrtm4HqYXbHUHg","There’s a gourd for every community",[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"/story/as-gourd-as-it-gets-5-facts-about-the-most-extraordinary-everyday-object/TgIylIBSEE0YJg\"\u003eGourds\u003c/a\u003e are containers that can be used for storage, measuring, and fermentation. Most Kenyan communities used gourds to store water and porridge, but they have also been used to keep milk, make beer, and feed children.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwUx52f2fv_njGpQBYEIePwsPI_tVWq7LVakU3uOovYfamTiyF6vSFcauzZXrtm4HqYXbHUHg","Find the leaders by looking for their elaborate headdresses",[null,"\u003cp\u003eAcross Kenya’s communities, people in leadership positions, administrators, and sometimes the wealthy often wore \u003ca href\u003d\"/story/0QLCePLe-6NIIw\"\u003eheaddresses\u003c/a\u003e for special occasions. Various communities also had specific headdresses which were worn by chiefs and elders who had an exceptional level of authority and wisdom.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwUx52f2fv_njGpQBYEIePwsPI_tVWq7LVakU3uOovYfamTiyF6vSFcauzZXrtm4HqYXbHUHg","For Kenyan communities, masks symbolize transformation",[null,"\u003cp\u003eWhile the style and use of \u003ca href\u003d\"/story/cgISUlZn5SE-IQ\"\u003emasks\u003c/a\u003e vary from community to community, many masks have a spiritual and religious meaning. They are often used in ritual dances and social or religious events, with the craft of mask-making often being passed on from father to son.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwUx52f2fv_njGpQBYEIePwsPI_tVWq7LVakU3uOovYfamTiyF6vSFcauzZXrtm4HqYXbHUHg","Each Kenyan community wears beads in their own way",[null,"\u003cp\u003eMost Kenyan communities are renowned for their \u003ca href\u003d\"/story/xAIStvMM03lfLw\"\u003ebead ornaments\u003c/a\u003e and each community used different patterns, colors, and types of beads depending on their specific cultural ideas of beauty.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwUx52f2fv_njGpQBYEIePwsPI_tVWq7LVakU3uOovYfamTiyF6vSFcauzZXrtm4HqYXbHUHg","The apron was a wardrobe essential for Kenyan communities",[null,"\u003cp\u003eBefore modern, western attire, Kenyan communities covered their bodies with different types of \u003ca href\u003d\"/story/amazing-aprons-6-facts-about-the-essential-wardrobe-staple-for-traditional-kenyan-communities/aQJCcbODs6CnLg\"\u003eskirts and aprons\u003c/a\u003e. They were used for practical, ceremonial, and decorative purposes, and were usually tied around the waist to cover the front of the body.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwUx52f2fv_njGpQBYEIePwsPI_tVWq7LVakU3uOovYfamTiyF6vSFcauzZXrtm4HqYXbHUHg","You could identify different sub-communities by their shield",[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href\u003d\"/story/the-elongo-the-power-of-the-maasai-shield/VAISgEywZgThIQ\"\u003eShields\u003c/a\u003e were used by Kenyan communities as a symbol of identification. For example, in the Maasai community, various shield designs were used for different sub-communities as part of a complex identification system.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwUx52f2fv_njGpQBYEIePwsPI_tVWq7LVakU3uOovYfamTiyF6vSFcauzZXrtm4HqYXbHUHg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eGet to know more about \u003ca href\u003d\"/project/identities-of-kenya\"\u003eKenya’s communities\u003c/a\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"10 Traditional Objects and Ornaments of Kenya","Explore the diverse culture of Kenya through these traditional objects and ornaments"]],["stella.common.cobject","Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o on What It Means To Be Kenyan","Kọ́lá Túbọ̀sún explores Kenyan identity with the celebrated author","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QPUVhjRvN9eGTGA5DTY6NWcGRGA226i2Yi7ov6QqMlKMXEGj1YlmZPiGtt4XLjmLOLJSe4","/story/BQWRX_9H-dfvTQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null,"Kenyan Identity"],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"BQWRX_9H-dfvTQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[null,"Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o on identity, Kenya, and the struggle for a better future","A conversation with the renowned Kenyan writer, professor, and language activist"]]]],null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,2,"Clusters","EditorialSection:3de9d1da-28fa-48b9-857b-1e47ef9c74a5"];window.INIT_data['MicroscopeImage:5d957681-96c2-4acc-aa28-aca0cb88d7d9'] = ["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:5d957681-96c2-4acc-aa28-aca0cb88d7d9","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rj7JHjkJfX3R9wciv9J5FJIXN6LnfsuqIJX0-RZZBMeMLRbdFB3si9feIxbHYBQ5SgvcTS8w","Mmf0Wo7Zq2oW-jWxxh8KUwfC1UA",[0.4967026,0.6694662,0,1.2040104,0.65279937],null,null,null,[2000,2000]];window.INIT_data['EditorialSection:0ef7acf9-ae03-4ac2-8c12-a4f0c5fa5a78'] = ["stella.edit.sect",["Experience Kenya for yourself...",null,null,null,null,1],50,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","Explore Kenya's Spectacular National Parks","Discover 10 things you might not know about Kenya's wildlife, landscapes, and conservancies","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T89WSKmjETLYU9ZWxPbcd1f_QJ2fv7GCz4i0Da5JuPzr7rueBPEIbUCgUVXUskEbVmZXzz","/story/fwXBTRyNkjoyfA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"fwXBTRyNkjoyfA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eDid you know that Kenya’s Ol Pejeta Conservancy is home to the last two surviving northern white rhinos? Or that Hells Gate National Park provides renewable energy for Kenya? Discover more about some of Kenya’s spectacular National Parks through these 10 facts…\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-0.1437586,37.34469820000004,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE9FeXdCSTVmdE50Q21vNGlWYVZnMnN5TDNLZG5INFpVY3NZelVv",53.49383101812824,11.636909878071975,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipOEywBI5ftNtCmo4iVaVg2syL3KdnH4ZUcsYzUo\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-11.6369095-ya-26.506168-fo78.84277",1,78.84277295122439,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE9FeXdCSTVmdE50Q21vNGlWYVZnMnN5TDNLZG5INFpVY3NZelVv\u0026sv_f\u003d78.84277295122439\u0026sv_h\u003d53.49383101812824\u0026sv_p\u003d11.636909878071975\u0026sv_lat\u003d-0.1437586\u0026sv_lng\u003d37.34469820000004",null,80,[10,"AF1QipOEywBI5ftNtCmo4iVaVg2syL3KdnH4ZUcsYzUo"],"SvInfo:b471cd4e-c4e8-4e32-9bba-f5aa1478d46f"]],["","1. Masai Mara has over 1.5 million wildebeest",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Masai Mara is a popular tourist destination for its amazing wildlife viewing areas. With over 95 species of mammals, amphibians, and reptiles roaming around, as well as the annual wildebeest migration bringing 1.5 million animals into the park in July and out in November, you are sure to spot one of the big five (buffalo, elephant, leopard, lion, or rhino).\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.4723422,35.092839599999934,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE5RWl91aVFyTzc4T1VEU3BVSHZvMEdVbHZqRlZJUXM5T0ZHRnph",231.0267682353721,14.611499301255492,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNQZ_uiQrO78OUDSpUHvo0GUlvjFVIQs9OFGFza\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-14.611499-ya-128.97324-fo98.65886",0,98.65886280946484,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE5RWl91aVFyTzc4T1VEU3BVSHZvMEdVbHZqRlZJUXM5T0ZHRnph\u0026sv_f\u003d98.65886280946484\u0026sv_h\u003d231.0267682353721\u0026sv_p\u003d14.611499301255492\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.4723422\u0026sv_lng\u003d35.092839599999934",null,0,[10,"AF1QipNQZ_uiQrO78OUDSpUHvo0GUlvjFVIQs9OFGFza"],"SvInfo:ef522add-ca69-42a0-9887-20f19bcf612f"]],["","2. Ol Pejeta has the last surviving northern white rhinos",[null,"\u003cp\u003eAs the largest black rhino sanctuary in east Africa, Ol Pejeta is working to ensure wildlife conservation and rehabilitate animals rescued from the black market. This is also the home to the last two remaining northern white rhinos, which are close to being extinct.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",0.0291194,36.959443299999975,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE5ITXJQNUJRd3U4VjZEODdlb21NZkJqNE92X2daQ181bHUtZThM",342.2297337145031,-2.7266604885611088,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNHMrP5BQwu8V6D87eomMfBj4Ov_gZC_5lu-e8L\u003dw1200-h1000-pi2.7266605-ya2.2297337-fo78.84277",1,78.84277295122439,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE5ITXJQNUJRd3U4VjZEODdlb21NZkJqNE92X2daQ181bHUtZThM\u0026sv_f\u003d78.84277295122439\u0026sv_h\u003d342.2297337145031\u0026sv_p\u003d-2.7266604885611088\u0026sv_lat\u003d0.0291194\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.959443299999975",null,340,[10,"AF1QipNHMrP5BQwu8V6D87eomMfBj4Ov_gZC_5lu-e8L"],"SvInfo:68236efb-ebb6-4a27-8d09-76be3286c83e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tbyr3SjEr-qPDr2wcX8j3l2dJFlgecQ0sUQVuWLGXDcmvgXP4jTpIK-mOLjN39qbuZECGb",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is Najin and her daughter Fatu, who are the last two female northern white rhinos left in the world.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["","3. You can climb the second tallest mountain in Africa",[null,"\u003cp\u003eOnly falling around 700 meters short of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, Mount Kenya is the second tallest mountain in Africa at 5,199 meters. If you’re up for it, you can climb the mountain and camp among the breath-taking scenery.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-0.1407611,37.314472199999955,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE41MWdMWHB2ajJWWjJReHdJVjNpYkl3UHF0cUVWZ3IxWVRVUjMt",218.57489693638752,32.978530221150606,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipN51gLXpvj2VZ2QxwIV3ibIwPqtqEVgr1YTUR3-\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-32.97853-ya61.574898-fo78.84277",1,78.84277295122439,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE41MWdMWHB2ajJWWjJReHdJVjNpYkl3UHF0cUVWZ3IxWVRVUjMt\u0026sv_f\u003d78.84277295122439\u0026sv_h\u003d218.57489693638752\u0026sv_p\u003d32.978530221150606\u0026sv_lat\u003d-0.1407611\u0026sv_lng\u003d37.314472199999955",null,157,[10,"AF1QipN51gLXpvj2VZ2QxwIV3ibIwPqtqEVgr1YTUR3-"],"SvInfo:eca71c91-4d8f-45f2-bd70-fa843e984655"]],["","4. Find early examples of human evolution at Sibiloi",[null,"\u003cp\u003eKnown as the ‘Cradle of Mankind’, Sibiloi National Park is home to archeological sites which have contributed to the understanding of human evolution. Among the many fossils is a skull of a Homo habilis – the ancestor of Homo sapiens. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",4.2881711,36.26193999999998,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE1tX3EwQ1NHbFpnNERlUEZfUzlxWjl6NnVUZTJQT0ZpOXFsRDY2",188.2395711719172,-7.016137091953183,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMm_q0CSGlZg4DePF_S9qZ9z6uTe2POFi9qlD66\u003dw1200-h1000-pi7.016137-ya142.23958-fo78.84277",1,78.84277295122439,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE1tX3EwQ1NHbFpnNERlUEZfUzlxWjl6NnVUZTJQT0ZpOXFsRDY2\u0026sv_f\u003d78.84277295122439\u0026sv_h\u003d188.2395711719172\u0026sv_p\u003d-7.016137091953183\u0026sv_lat\u003d4.2881711\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.26193999999998",null,46,[10,"AF1QipMm_q0CSGlZg4DePF_S9qZ9z6uTe2POFi9qlD66"],"SvInfo:17c0738d-7bdb-4704-a5b4-e913d2c97d86"]],["","5. Saiwa Swamp and Ruma are home to rare animals",[null,"\u003cp\u003eSee if you can spot an endangered semi-aquatic Sitatunga antelope or a rare De Brazza monkey among the tropical wetlands and forest at the Saiwa Swamp National Park. Or uncover Kenya’s last remaining sanctuary for the endangered roan antelope at the Ruma National Park.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-0.6851823614675856,34.25143700881324,"CAISFlYwUkk0NHc0M3A1R1U3b1dwakhRVUE\u003d",300.748150671503,9.809990498090869,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dV0RI44w43p5GU7oWpjHQUA\u0026heading\u003d-59.251849328496974\u0026pitch\u003d9.809990498090869\u0026fov\u003d115.84277295122439\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003da1Re-iMm9Q0WNHeRZugrVzHtO1w",0,115.84277295122439,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFlYwUkk0NHc0M3A1R1U3b1dwakhRVUE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d115.84277295122439\u0026sv_h\u003d300.748150671503\u0026sv_p\u003d9.809990498090869\u0026sv_lat\u003d-0.6851823614675856\u0026sv_lng\u003d34.25143700881324",null,46,[2,"V0RI44w43p5GU7oWpjHQUA"],"SvInfo:0f69067a-e54f-44e6-b386-dac5377c1933"]],["","6. The Meru and Koru National Parks are ‘sisters’",[null,"\u003cp\u003eAlthough they are two separate parks, the Meru and Koru National Parks are known as ‘sisters’ as they can be found next to each other. Both adjoining parks are filled with jungles, rivers, swamps, and an abundance of wildlife.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",0.1454487946889873,38.201245541857475,"CAISFkxfdXQzU3lOcU1GY3g0MmNBMDdBbUE\u003d",91.47082936174984,12.848239952165173,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dL_ut3SyNqMFcx42cA07AmA\u0026heading\u003d91.47082936174984\u0026pitch\u003d12.848239952165173\u0026fov\u003d98.65886280946484\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dUCJh1dhBcsXUqNjHvK7Wn1y2RoI",0,98.65886280946484,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFkxfdXQzU3lOcU1GY3g0MmNBMDdBbUE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d98.65886280946484\u0026sv_h\u003d91.47082936174984\u0026sv_p\u003d12.848239952165173\u0026sv_lat\u003d0.1454487946889873\u0026sv_lng\u003d38.201245541857475",null,null,[2,"L_ut3SyNqMFcx42cA07AmA"],"SvInfo:bcbef4f5-32b3-43f7-b72d-eb59b61083a4"]],["","7. The Adamsons were buried in Kenyan National Parks",[null,"\u003cp\u003eNaturalists George and \u003ca href\u003d\"/story/the-legacy-of-joy-adamson/5QJC5WcjjvQfIA\"\u003eJoy\u003c/a\u003e Adamson, known for the movie \u003ca href\u003d\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v\u003d9qzEVSORU3o\" target\u003d\"_blank\"\u003e\u003ci\u003eBorn Free\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/a\u003e, made themselves at home at the Adamsons’ Camp in Kora National Park.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-0.07726360419904856,38.39636130590475,"CAISFjNjbm94elZfV3BsdE92U3BwUXBwcEE\u003d",321.82030703650787,5.693976756305119,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003d3cnoxzV_WpltOvSppQpppA\u0026heading\u003d-38.17969296349213\u0026pitch\u003d5.693976756305119\u0026fov\u003d78.84277295122439\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dVqKwHz9ig4mxVgp4LZEBA55QsWM",1,78.84277295122439,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFjNjbm94elZfV3BsdE92U3BwUXBwcEE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d78.84277295122439\u0026sv_h\u003d321.82030703650787\u0026sv_p\u003d5.693976756305119\u0026sv_lat\u003d-0.07726360419904856\u0026sv_lng\u003d38.39636130590475",null,null,[2,"3cnoxzV_WpltOvSppQpppA"],"SvInfo:881d81a0-42f7-45dc-8f13-c666ab81e258"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QE6En37f0mVLFfqnKHnsi76z4J4IqTabmvvIngFONC3xhAo3h8RzJpvR8czfo2HW4LqpbpG6KO",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eAfter their deaths, the Adamsons were buried not far from the camp, with George buried in Koru National Park and Joy buried in the sister park, Meru.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["","8. Tsavo East has the longest lava flow in the world",[null,"\u003cp\u003eYatta Plateau, found in Tsavo East National Park, is the longest lava flow in the world, growing over 300 kilometers in length and rising 100 meters above land. If you trace it back to its origins, you’ll end up at Oldonyo Sabuk near Nairobi.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-2.1833333,38.4166667,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE5mMGhYYktiWVFaUWNGaXZVN1VGbEM4NHlKWmliWm1oMWp6cUE4",71.37982532468509,-2.7848010165096895,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNf0hXbKbYQZQcFivU7UFlC84yJZibZmh1jzqA8\u003dw1200-h1000-pi2.784801-ya71.37982-fo90.0",1,90,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE5mMGhYYktiWVFaUWNGaXZVN1VGbEM4NHlKWmliWm1oMWp6cUE4\u0026sv_f\u003d90.0\u0026sv_h\u003d71.37982532468509\u0026sv_p\u003d-2.7848010165096895\u0026sv_lat\u003d-2.1833333\u0026sv_lng\u003d38.4166667",null,0,[10,"AF1QipNf0hXbKbYQZQcFivU7UFlC84yJZibZmh1jzqA8"],"SvInfo:14981d44-7974-4aa2-a5c1-005681ebf9e5"]],["","9. Over 600 species of birds can be found at Tsavo West",[null,"\u003cp\u003eYou can find amazing wildlife all over Kenya\u0026#39;s National Parks, but Tsavo West offers some of the best game watching opportunities.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-3.5646269,38.21825940000008,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE1aclpQc1VjcGU5X2ZKZmN6WUd2Sl9aeXNySDNFbmx6YU5EV3JL",312.8332208174701,20.278750873857106,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMZrZPsUcpe9_fJfczYGvJ_ZysrH3EnlzaNDWrK\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-20.278751-ya-28.166779-fo108.081406",0,108.08140381758676,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE1aclpQc1VjcGU5X2ZKZmN6WUd2Sl9aeXNySDNFbmx6YU5EV3JL\u0026sv_f\u003d108.08140381758676\u0026sv_h\u003d312.8332208174701\u0026sv_p\u003d20.278750873857106\u0026sv_lat\u003d-3.5646269\u0026sv_lng\u003d38.21825940000008",null,341,[10,"AF1QipMZrZPsUcpe9_fJfczYGvJ_ZysrH3EnlzaNDWrK"],"SvInfo:26ca942d-bc6f-4d25-bb50-051d2c26af18"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SWzbdPiJ1wE8p0-ZrXrf7eyVMc083v_7ZoMS8O5XmYnASgTQG1GDm6d647-4SSmVeYZ4VC-w",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eIf you\u0026#39;re an avid bird watcher, you definitely want to head to Tsavo West National Park as there are over 600 species to discover.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["","10. Hells Gate’s geothermal activity makes renewable energy",[null,"\u003cp\u003eIn the Great Rift Valley, Hells Gate National Park got its name from the geothermal activity that lies within its boundaries. All that geothermal steam not only adds to the atmosphere of the park, but it has been used to generate renewable energy to power electricity in Kenya!\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-0.8872139694111636,36.30531004981367,"CAISFlVWMWRyYnprUC1GWGpxTEtaSU1IQmc\u003d",17.545160458234932,17.477106965988042,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dUV1drbzkP-FXjqLKZIMHBg\u0026heading\u003d17.545160458234932\u0026pitch\u003d17.477106965988042\u0026fov\u003d108.08140381758676\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dF9V2gGcV5LUKWdckJf3twF6_oxU",0,108.08140381758676,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFlVWMWRyYnprUC1GWGpxTEtaSU1IQmc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d108.08140381758676\u0026sv_h\u003d17.545160458234932\u0026sv_p\u003d17.477106965988042\u0026sv_lat\u003d-0.8872139694111636\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.30531004981367",null,300,[2,"UV1drbzkP-FXjqLKZIMHBg"],"SvInfo:64b56245-4790-4499-ad17-c678a22422d5"]],[""],[""]],"10 Facts About Kenya's National Parks","Discover the wildlife, history, and beauty of Kenya's national parks"]],["stella.common.cobject","Explore the Nairobi National Museum","Step inside Kenya’s heritage spanning history, culture, nature, and contemporary art","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TvLd4nOFN90hZLfss6II2x__rJSNAi1IVuGh2BpxWx5XBVoeTHu1OGTzg7Ctz0ojleuWNtWg","/story/8wUBPCHm72TXsg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"8wUBPCHm72TXsg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"],[[["","Welcome to Nairobi National Museum",[null,"\u003cp\u003eNairobi National Museum tells the story of Kenya\u0026#39;s rich heritage. The museum\u0026#39;s mission is to collect, preserve, study, document and present Kenya’s past and present cultural and natural heritage.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.273853618133084,36.814061361916856,"CAISFnJuX2p5QU5OMmNjQUFBUkRveUhmUXc\u003d",125.02040090959784,9.245083288577803,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003drn_jyANN2ccAAARDoyHfQw\u0026heading\u003d125.02040090959784\u0026pitch\u003d9.245083288577803\u0026fov\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dCHiR_RCPCFa2CV0I25vLQdLmn1I",0,102.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFnJuX2p5QU5OMmNjQUFBUkRveUhmUXc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d125.02040090959784\u0026sv_p\u003d9.245083288577803\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273853618133084\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.814061361916856",null,null,[2,"rn_jyANN2ccAAARDoyHfQw"],"SvInfo:93296613-97b1-4822-a83f-7a9f19921290"]],["","Celebrating Kenya's communities",[null,"\u003cp\u003eToday 44 communities are officially recognized by the government. The National Museums of Kenya holds objects telling the stories of these communities, which represent the country\u0026#39;s ethnic diversity and vibrant cultures.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.274017358173512,36.814208557052666,"CAISFko1WlQ0ODJkRXAwQUFBUkRveUhmVGc\u003d",302.9443956042577,11.935953917417194,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dJ5ZT482dEp0AAARDoyHfTg\u0026heading\u003d-57.05560439574231\u0026pitch\u003d11.935953917417194\u0026fov\u003d89.99999999999999\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dj3EtDekZbBZq1ucFiSgHPbbilzQ",1,89.99999999999999,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFko1WlQ0ODJkRXAwQUFBUkRveUhmVGc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d89.99999999999999\u0026sv_h\u003d302.9443956042577\u0026sv_p\u003d11.935953917417194\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.274017358173512\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.814208557052666",null,null,[2,"J5ZT482dEp0AAARDoyHfTg"],"SvInfo:69695fa4-4108-4f46-a8aa-b8d60ae34bff"]],["","The Hall of Kenya: where heritage lives on",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Hall of Kenya is dedicated to the country\u0026#39;s unique tangible and intangible heritage. In this gallery Kenya\u0026#39;s nature, culture and history meet. Six vitrines display key objects from the collection.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.273854355061586,36.814351370862255,"CAISFnBtYW5hekhRMG9FQUFBUkRveUhmbGc\u003d",32.74182687580067,-2.789195894905191,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dpmanazHQ0oEAAARDoyHflg\u0026heading\u003d32.74182687580067\u0026pitch\u003d-2.789195894905191\u0026fov\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dqNLM60aG6QK4hPAYN480onogiak",0,102.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFnBtYW5hekhRMG9FQUFBUkRveUhmbGc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d32.74182687580067\u0026sv_p\u003d-2.789195894905191\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273854355061586\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.814351370862255",null,null,[2,"pmanazHQ0oEAAARDoyHflg"],"SvInfo:88c0acd4-9f4d-4885-8870-a4002885b6cc"]],["","The gourds sculpture",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe centrepiece consists of hundreds of gourds collected from communities all over Kenya. Made from fruits of plants, the gourds vary in size, shape and color. The gourds are used for storage, measuring and fermentation. The sculpture symbolizes the unity of Kenya.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.273860027975338,36.81447126879914,"CAISFkRyeDBpZk5WOTBZQUFBUkRveUhmbXc\u003d",275.76544911883775,12.128090235275266,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dDrx0ifNV90YAAARDoyHfmw\u0026heading\u003d-84.23455088116225\u0026pitch\u003d12.128090235275266\u0026fov\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dW98NjghIDgL5nzCPVkdFHh880NU",0,102.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFkRyeDBpZk5WOTBZQUFBUkRveUhmbXc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d275.76544911883775\u0026sv_p\u003d12.128090235275266\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273860027975338\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81447126879914",null,null,[2,"Drx0ifNV90YAAARDoyHfmw"],"SvInfo:e48f65e2-2323-4007-b407-3c4f1b322321"]],["","A Motonyi headdress",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Montonyi is a traditional headdress made by Maasai youths, preferably from big and colourful birds. Before a youth was circumcised, he would wander about the countryside with his friends, catching birds for his headdress. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.273909898950152,36.81431896574304,"CAISFk1oTTlkMGExUzdFQUFBUkRveUhmbFE\u003d",302.6274995909122,-13.10924103908826,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dMhM9d0a1S7EAAARDoyHflQ\u0026heading\u003d-57.37250040908782\u0026pitch\u003d-13.10924103908826\u0026fov\u003d65.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dXf8SBy59FAwyd16J7gLKJk2Eg2o",1,65.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFk1oTTlkMGExUzdFQUFBUkRveUhmbFE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d65.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d302.6274995909122\u0026sv_p\u003d-13.10924103908826\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273909898950152\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81431896574304",null,null,[2,"MhM9d0a1S7EAAARDoyHflQ"],"SvInfo:7526303e-b124-4582-aac0-54bee889ed03"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eAfter circumcision he would wait for about eight days before going out to catch some more birds. The birds on display are examples of species which were commonly hunted for making the Motonyi headdress.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.273909898950152,36.81431896574304,"CAISFk1oTTlkMGExUzdFQUFBUkRveUhmbFE\u003d",301.15987462581165,-5.272019670831284,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dMhM9d0a1S7EAAARDoyHflQ\u0026heading\u003d-58.84012537418835\u0026pitch\u003d-5.272019670831284\u0026fov\u003d36.50505665890633\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dc9ctNlcHkZXb7Kd3aLbh_3j5fAc",2,36.50505665890633,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFk1oTTlkMGExUzdFQUFBUkRveUhmbFE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d36.50505665890633\u0026sv_h\u003d301.15987462581165\u0026sv_p\u003d-5.272019670831284\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273909898950152\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81431896574304",null,null,[2,"MhM9d0a1S7EAAARDoyHflQ"],"SvInfo:c9bf8f91-59d3-45f4-beaf-9daab8df6c25"]],["","The Abuu",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Abuu is a musical intrument used by the Luo community. It is a combination of gourds leading to a horn at the tip. The gourds are held together by wax and ground bark of the Powo (Grewia) tree. The Abuu is blown during important ceremonies and used for entertainment.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.27380554527318,36.8143750266305,"CAISFjdJdjZQTFJUVXdNQUFBUkRveUhmbHc\u003d",300.67326693208446,-17.6818375250879,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003d7Iv6PLRTUwMAAARDoyHflw\u0026heading\u003d-59.32673306791554\u0026pitch\u003d-17.6818375250879\u0026fov\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dbDvaIusap7V01OzCH9y9vVZDlv4",0,102.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFjdJdjZQTFJUVXdNQUFBUkRveUhmbHc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d300.67326693208446\u0026sv_p\u003d-17.6818375250879\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.27380554527318\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.8143750266305",null,null,[2,"7Iv6PLRTUwMAAARDoyHflw"],"SvInfo:9060e30d-a03d-4295-b63e-641182bb6328"]],["","Butterfly Map of Kenya",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis artwork represents a mosaic map of Kenya, which has been made using a collection of butterflies from various parts of the country. 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They are active during the day and rarely harmful to human activities. Butterflies and moths collectively belong to one major insect group.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.273701001253737,36.81442425044145,"CAISFk1MR3d2elcyc3A4QUFBUkRveUhmbUE\u003d",295.4953429383369,-12.68969799892156,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dMLGwvzW2sp8AAARDoyHfmA\u0026heading\u003d-64.50465706166312\u0026pitch\u003d-12.68969799892156\u0026fov\u003d65.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003d4SAwzonNyahDv9fU21o2eUqmZB0",1,65.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFk1MR3d2elcyc3A4QUFBUkRveUhmbUE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d65.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d295.4953429383369\u0026sv_p\u003d-12.68969799892156\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273701001253737\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81442425044145",null,null,[2,"MLGwvzW2sp8AAARDoyHfmA"],"SvInfo:d36f5f31-020c-4cf5-afe1-d6a4e9fc6050"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eKenya is very rich in different species of butterflies. This is attributed to the diverse habitats in the country. Currently, Kenya has over 900 species of known butterflies. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.273701001253737,36.81442425044145,"CAISFk1MR3d2elcyc3A4QUFBUkRveUhmbUE\u003d",298.2093252677911,-11.29411927431309,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dMLGwvzW2sp8AAARDoyHfmA\u0026heading\u003d-61.79067473220891\u0026pitch\u003d-11.29411927431309\u0026fov\u003d38.37522656415706\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003do4SEFFjg4BxD7C2O1l4OUfcvLYo",2,38.37522656415706,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFk1MR3d2elcyc3A4QUFBUkRveUhmbUE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d38.37522656415706\u0026sv_h\u003d298.2093252677911\u0026sv_p\u003d-11.29411927431309\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273701001253737\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81442425044145",null,null,[2,"MLGwvzW2sp8AAARDoyHfmA"],"SvInfo:255275e3-2879-49c8-9ba6-0401df36d1d2"]],["","A Sambu/Sambut",[null,"\u003cp\u003eSambu or Sambut is a cloak made from the skins of Sykes monkeys (such as the stuffed one next to it) and decorated with pieces of black and white colobus skins. The cloak is worn by leaders of the Kalenjin people during important occasions and ceremonies. Please note that it is not sustainable to kill these animals.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.27376093022154,36.81452771655768,"CAISFkdHMUFUQXhnZFQ0QUFBUkRveUhmbkE\u003d",114.40659852757703,-16.93005342168027,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dGG1ATAxgdT4AAARDoyHfnA\u0026heading\u003d114.40659852757703\u0026pitch\u003d-16.93005342168027\u0026fov\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dgD5hJnsXN_0OykZKFNQU7M41Ntc",0,102.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFkdHMUFUQXhnZFQ0QUFBUkRveUhmbkE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d114.40659852757703\u0026sv_p\u003d-16.93005342168027\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.27376093022154\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81452771655768",null,null,[2,"GG1ATAxgdT4AAARDoyHfnA"],"SvInfo:613dc587-c65b-497f-a354-343298edf7bb"]],["","The Siwa",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Siwa, the ceremonial side blown horn, is one of the most distinctive items of regalia from sub-Saharan African. This one, made of ivory in 1688, is from Pate Island. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.273860027975338,36.81447126879914,"CAISFkRyeDBpZk5WOTBZQUFBUkRveUhmbXc\u003d",116.68863458572446,-14.66650338175269,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dDrx0ifNV90YAAARDoyHfmw\u0026heading\u003d116.68863458572446\u0026pitch\u003d-14.66650338175269\u0026fov\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dDHZEkJQ3qp2bYI7sxEgL98vjZiw",0,102.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFkRyeDBpZk5WOTBZQUFBUkRveUhmbXc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d116.68863458572446\u0026sv_p\u003d-14.66650338175269\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273860027975338\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81447126879914",null,null,[2,"Drx0ifNV90YAAARDoyHfmw"],"SvInfo:8aea16f8-17cc-471d-be71-620477d3437d"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eAmong the Swahili people, the Siwa was perceived as a symbol of unity, and Swahili rulers served as its sole guardians. The Siwa was also believed to have supernatural and magical powers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.273860027975338,36.81447126879914,"CAISFkRyeDBpZk5WOTBZQUFBUkRveUhmbXc\u003d",115.07657271849587,-23.26302975263465,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dDrx0ifNV90YAAARDoyHfmw\u0026heading\u003d115.07657271849587\u0026pitch\u003d-23.26302975263465\u0026fov\u003d65.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dZ_9gMUkffPayudhZReUEOvgNP8E",1,65.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFkRyeDBpZk5WOTBZQUFBUkRveUhmbXc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d65.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d115.07657271849587\u0026sv_p\u003d-23.26302975263465\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273860027975338\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81447126879914",null,null,[2,"Drx0ifNV90YAAARDoyHfmw"],"SvInfo:68913104-8f9d-4adb-b561-6765537e5bb4"]],["","Baskets",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThese baskets represent how different Kenyan communities carried and stored things - each design has its own unique story.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.27396131452519,36.81441358768609,"CAISFkxIM2xLUmoyUzUwQUFBUkRveUhmbWc\u003d",118.44905095439455,-29.51071481663223,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dLH3lKRj2S50AAARDoyHfmg\u0026heading\u003d118.44905095439455\u0026pitch\u003d-29.51071481663223\u0026fov\u003d65.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dBS6OOVhQb6miS9XHSFjkhsV-4zw",1,65.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFkxIM2xLUmoyUzUwQUFBUkRveUhmbWc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d65.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d118.44905095439455\u0026sv_p\u003d-29.51071481663223\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.27396131452519\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81441358768609",null,null,[2,"LH3lKRj2S50AAARDoyHfmg"],"SvInfo:ac42113b-321b-4efe-a98f-c2d824e598cb"]],["","Cycles of life",[null,"\u003cp\u003eLife amongst Kenyan communities is filtered through different stages. From birth, through youth to old age, death and transition into ancestry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.273401525347328,36.81441565230489,"CAISFmNVMmhXQmNqLW5ZQUFBUkRveUhmSHc\u003d",208.87499501340815,0.8622166305075893,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dcU2hWBcj-nYAAARDoyHfHw\u0026heading\u003d-151.12500498659185\u0026pitch\u003d0.8622166305075893\u0026fov\u003d52.99999999999999\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dsSsYFltvB5U5Mp37-tJgAOXOxFE",2,52.99999999999999,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFmNVMmhXQmNqLW5ZQUFBUkRveUhmSHc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d52.99999999999999\u0026sv_h\u003d208.87499501340815\u0026sv_p\u003d0.8622166305075893\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273401525347328\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81441565230489",null,null,[2,"cU2hWBcj-nYAAARDoyHfHw"],"SvInfo:43467144-3b75-4382-8594-aafeec83ac81"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis gallery samples cultural practices from Kenya’s communities as associated with these different stages in life. There is a wealth of material and intangible culture heritage to be appreciated in this gallery.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.273430917653927,36.81445303761052,"CAISFjNEdXQ4MVFlV3pvQUFBUkRveUhmSVE\u003d",223.8783878054414,-5.375970834341928,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003d3Dut81QeWzoAAARDoyHfIQ\u0026heading\u003d-136.1216121945586\u0026pitch\u003d-5.375970834341928\u0026fov\u003d52.99999999999999\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dvvh8m28HA84e2dDNp0GMWJJ-5no",2,52.99999999999999,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFjNEdXQ4MVFlV3pvQUFBUkRveUhmSVE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d52.99999999999999\u0026sv_h\u003d223.8783878054414\u0026sv_p\u003d-5.375970834341928\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273430917653927\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81445303761052",null,null,[2,"3Dut81QeWzoAAARDoyHfIQ"],"SvInfo:20d985d8-ebd8-4d4b-9ebc-a15589d05eba"]],["","History of Kenya Gallery",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe gallery highlights Kenya’s history in three major phases; pre-colonial Kenya, period of colonial rule and independent Kenya. Key historical events that have shaped the lives of Kenyans are highlighted, including the Kenya-Uganda Railway.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.273594731095973,36.81473387876042,"CAISFlY1bmFxMmUyRldBQUFBUkRveUhmTmc\u003d",339.12067159011343,2.533506484542869,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dV5naq2e2FWAAAARDoyHfNg\u0026heading\u003d-20.87932840988657\u0026pitch\u003d2.533506484542869\u0026fov\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dlMqWOzBS1cgIdUkrQzP5NQsyUUg",0,102.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFlY1bmFxMmUyRldBQUFBUkRveUhmTmc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d339.12067159011343\u0026sv_p\u003d2.533506484542869\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273594731095973\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81473387876042",null,null,[2,"V5naq2e2FWAAAARDoyHfNg"],"SvInfo:65522923-dcc6-4d44-8ec9-a30557c37d37"]],["","Jamhuri Ya Kenya",[null,"\u003cp\u003eNamed after Mount Kenya, the country became independent in 1963 and was declared a republic on 12 December 1964. Jomo Kenyatta became the country\u0026#39;s first president. Today more than 50 million people live in Kenya and the official language is Swahili.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.273401525347328,36.81441565230489,"CAISFmNVMmhXQmNqLW5ZQUFBUkRveUhmSHc\u003d",80.42191405323376,-6.390411467675818,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dcU2hWBcj-nYAAARDoyHfHw\u0026heading\u003d80.42191405323376\u0026pitch\u003d-6.390411467675818\u0026fov\u003d65.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dQujDU1ALpbdKU4fH7jI9NyXrshs",1,65.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFmNVMmhXQmNqLW5ZQUFBUkRveUhmSHc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d65.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d80.42191405323376\u0026sv_p\u003d-6.390411467675818\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273401525347328\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81441565230489",null,null,[2,"cU2hWBcj-nYAAARDoyHfHw"],"SvInfo:6a9a61bd-87ae-4231-978d-1140dcca417d"]],["","Joy Adamson's Gallery",[null,"\u003cp\u003eJoy Adamson (1910 - 1980) was an illustrator, conservationist and author. She is known for her contribution to the conservation of Kenya’s natural and cultural heritage, winning her international acclaim.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.273980763489489,36.81486437357319,"CAISFnpWZG03aUcwc05ZQUFBUkJSamdIREE\u003d",13.348802879278367,-11.576009836062198,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dzVdm7iG0sNYAAARBRjgHDA\u0026heading\u003d13.348802879278367\u0026pitch\u003d-11.576009836062198\u0026fov\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dJA5_ovSxEsAJyyBL1roLguwQvrg",0,102.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFnpWZG03aUcwc05ZQUFBUkJSamdIREE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d13.348802879278367\u0026sv_p\u003d-11.576009836062198\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273980763489489\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81486437357319",null,null,[2,"zVdm7iG0sNYAAARBRjgHDA"],"SvInfo:fb96a2bb-b31f-4001-9b31-77a7b7ec1fba"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eIn 1945, for her own leisure, Joy Adamson began painting the men and women from Kenya\u0026#39;s different communities.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.273878284692252,36.81488349059282,"CAISFnFiRGVKdW1TMVpjQUFBUkJSamdIRHc\u003d",268.410081586391,-4.645457086249721,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dqbDeJumS1ZcAAARBRjgHDw\u0026heading\u003d-91.58991841360898\u0026pitch\u003d-4.645457086249721\u0026fov\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dlmQmqOmNZ5O8bomIF9Xydn3jPw0",0,102.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFnFiRGVKdW1TMVpjQUFBUkJSamdIRHc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d268.410081586391\u0026sv_p\u003d-4.645457086249721\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273878284692252\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81488349059282",null,null,[2,"qbDeJumS1ZcAAARBRjgHDw"],"SvInfo:f8812195-2dc1-4d94-8283-bb46d8e6c1ea"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eJoy’s paintings were published in 1975 in the book, The Peoples of Kenya, which remains a useful resource for anthropologists and others who seek information about Kenya’s traditional heritage.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.273980763489489,36.81486437357319,"CAISFnpWZG03aUcwc05ZQUFBUkJSamdIREE\u003d",271.31409136898577,-0.7769614785625834,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dzVdm7iG0sNYAAARBRjgHDA\u0026heading\u003d-88.68590863101423\u0026pitch\u003d-0.7769614785625834\u0026fov\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003d5sECPvRVJi0T6SJnFxS2W63uyKY",0,102.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFnpWZG03aUcwc05ZQUFBUkJSamdIREE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d102.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d271.31409136898577\u0026sv_p\u003d-0.7769614785625834\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273980763489489\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81486437357319",null,null,[2,"zVdm7iG0sNYAAARBRjgHDA"],"SvInfo:98a90333-c637-42fd-b93e-1d27244aee09"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eJoy painted over 500 portraits, some of which are displayed in the gallery. The map shows where she met each community. 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Our task is to make ourselves the architects of the future.\u0026quot;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eJomo Kenyatta, first president of Kenya\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcFA3TlVaYTNpRDNrUk9zVnBIN2QzbkkwYVZ2WmRhWWM3bHBpcmt5",283.6110076865039,13.784707913328788,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipP7NUZa3iD3kROsVpH7d3nI0aVvZdaYc7lpirky\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-13.784708-ya-26.388992-fo90.0028",null,90.00280058801084,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcFA3TlVaYTNpRDNrUk9zVnBIN2QzbkkwYVZ2WmRhWWM3bHBpcmt5\u0026sv_f\u003d90.00280058801084\u0026sv_h\u003d283.6110076865039\u0026sv_p\u003d13.784707913328788",null,310,[10,"AF1QipP7NUZa3iD3kROsVpH7d3nI0aVvZdaYc7lpirky"],"SvInfo:72ab3294-a4fa-4697-bdfe-e9f4b39c8221"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q36fjqYMjlN1-d1sPgQBNNtiF0h1cZnorSwddj_ibVuXUjkShRpWMQw9RQW66PizC6ryhzjA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUNESCO conventions\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe properties identified by a state party must have outstanding universal cultural, historical, natural and archaeological value. Kenya has ratified itself to two of the World Heritage conventions, namely: the 1972 Convention of The Protection of The World Cultural and Natural Heritage, and the 2003 Convention for The Safeguarding of The Intangible Cultural Heritage. The National Museums of Kenya (NMK), as the focal point for the UNESCO in Kenya, was and still is responsible in ratifying the country to these conventions, and managing the seven sites highlighted in this exhibition.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RA8CwfleK_J2psWFMBU5y4iJX4umlOtgId3cx72-P8UJs_yUxXmDFHmd_qt9H4CPJBC-qoiw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe National Museums of Kenya\u0026#39;s (NMK) role\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNMK undertakes a rigorous research process to gather information on any of the properties under its management before displaying them to the public. The Museums and Heritage Act (2006), states the qualities these properties should possess in accordance with the UNESCO convention(s) guidelines.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Museum, through its numerous researchers, gathers information from the community of people local to where the property is situated, to get their perspectives and beliefs. Once this information has been deemed pertinent, it goes through a process of refinement before finally being put up as a gazette notice to allow for public opinion/discourse. Afterwards, the Museum takes over the day to day management of the site.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBreathtaking colors, flora and fauna\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLake Turkana National Parks consist of Sibiloi, the South and Central Islands, covering a total area of 161,485 hectares, all located within the Lake Turkana basin whose total surface area is 7 million hectares. The Lake is the largest desert lake in the world, surrounded by an arid, seemingly extraterrestrial landscape that is often devoid of life. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe long body of Lake Turkana drops down along the Rift Valley from the Ethiopian border, extending 249 kilometers from north to south and 44 km at its widest point, with an average depth of 30 meters. It is Africa’s fourth largest lake, fondly called the Jade Sea because of its breathtaking color.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE12cS1kWHlGdDVDTmZYVGxmdDd3dnZVS1AzbFdCS0lDLVRySjF3",74.81693950624707,0.48821514006250766,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMvq-dXyFt5CNfXTlft7wvvUKP3lWBKIC-TrJ1w\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-0.48821515-ya158.81694-fo73.71257",null,73.71256657481383,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE12cS1kWHlGdDVDTmZYVGxmdDd3dnZVS1AzbFdCS0lDLVRySjF3\u0026sv_f\u003d73.71256657481383\u0026sv_h\u003d74.81693950624707\u0026sv_p\u003d0.48821514006250766",null,276,[10,"AF1QipMvq-dXyFt5CNfXTlft7wvvUKP3lWBKIC-TrJ1w"],"SvInfo:0032bbad-6d79-456f-8520-f08d4085670f"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q7AanTDtZFZzd7yw2y4GQK1MrliflGQqk26EF_eDH4pugcXaLGfzCp8skuegG15aGQaizT9w",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA discovery site at Lake Turkana\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAt Koobi Fora, extensive paleontological finds have been made, starting in 1969 with the discovery of Paranthropus boisei. The discovery of Homo habilis thereafter is evidence of the existence of a relatively intelligent hominid two million years ago, and reflects the change in climate from moist forest grassland to the present hot desert. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese and many more discoveries have been made by NMK researchers in partnership with external parties. Today, all research collections are housed in NMK and are available for further research.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TeEtMlek3hH2vOXi4ziSmLXJhCmuwNAw9WCfyJT_8nyKstresNz6ZsiuIKhvh-ekO0VoFVQY4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe second highest peak in Africa\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMount Kenya straddles the equator about 193 km north-east of Nairobi and about 480 km from the Kenyan coast. At 5,199 m, Mount Kenya is the second highest mountain in Africa and is an ancient extinct volcano.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Ra7EmHsNmuYdGblkW6OryTB_XKqhjCFEvjbyiFRLaITTdoIL2-l2Favijw5I77eh2spxTpR1yj",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe evolution of ecology\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe evolution and ecology of its afro-alpine flora provide an outstanding example of ecological and biological processes, as discovered and studied by NMK researchers. The area also lies within the traditional migrating route of the African elephant population.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SEwF2KuK8gruzphBFBpRiSGjhCQI8nntAB0jt_ns6NHcdlstv5qml_IM8WG1UB_7T8Rk9YhQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExploring the narrow streets and alleyways\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe town is characterized by narrow streets and alleyways that only allow for movement by foot or donkey. The town\u0026#39;s architecture and stone buildings are influenced by a fusion of Swahili, Arabic, Persian, Indian and European building styles. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUnlike other Swahili settlements which have been abandoned along the East African coast, Lamu has continuously been inhabited for over 700 years. Lamu was once an important trading center in Islamic coastal East Africa, dating back to the twelfth century. It is a major reservoir of Swahili culture, whose inhabitants have managed to sustain their traditional values as demonstrated by their sense of social unity and cohesion. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLamu boasts of several historic sites, including the German Post Office, the Lamu Museum, and the Lamu Fort.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tm4bG7G_XyaIA7EWa3RTSDW2iXwQb6K7HN5_1aSYVWFCpZl9uT2slctKMTeu476PkFzU90fNn8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRepositories of the Mijikenda people\u0026#39;s spiritual beliefs\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSpread out along around 200km of the coastal region of Kenya are ten separate forested sites, mostly on low hills, ranging in size from 30 to around 300 hectares, in which are the remains of fortified villages, Kayas, of the Mijikenda people. They represent more than thirty surviving Kayas.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kayas began to fall out of use in the early 20th century. They are now revered as the repositories of spiritual beliefs of the Mijikenda people, and seen as the sacred abode of their ancestors.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TAZ9-K4Z3BZnFjq8DvgQ58ZUlq5WOY5ISXJihfV8E-1lk4obkF05xiAXQFF3PswodJangn0g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eShell spoons used by the Mijikenda community\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe forest around the Kayas have been nurtured by the Mijikenda community to protect the sacred graves and groves and are now almost the only remains of the once extensive coastal lowland forest.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tj9wVnG-BgIlf5_H099ORqjSJC9gXCPy2cAeBN_d2WOuUIVAYyU2wqn6n14GBLY4AnoG1fNg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAstonishing landscapes\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMajor tectonic and volcanic events have shaped the distinctive landscape, which is a place for discovery.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QEQ7h8vt7PiJvC3ZshWWm2hjOwVza1skZse6ChiLyLvJUDLnkvcRSZ8YE2uAiL2mWAbbmlbBY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWildlife wonders\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe lakes have large mammal populations and are recognised as a valuable place for the study of ecological processes of major importance. It\u0026#39;s possible to spot black rhinos, Rothschild’s giraffes, greater kudus, lions, cheetahs and wild dogs.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QrD0A4q1JXBsEEHt9Tlji2-o4vISHGtOUmcIpk-u6L026VzMvTdLiu1w1yDntpS2ufMSly3w",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFlamingos, pelicans and birdlife\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor most of the year, up to 4 million lesser flamingos move between the three shallow lakes in an outstanding wildlife spectacle. Surrounded by hot springs, geysers, and the steep escarpment of the Rift Valley with its volcanic outcrops, the natural setting of the lakes provides an exceptional experience of nature.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe lakes are home to 13 globally threatened bird species and some of the highest bird diversities in the world. It is the single most important foraging site for the lesser flamingo anywhere, and a major nesting and breeding ground for great white pelicans.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R14RY9IJuc1Kai8M594fWF5odmcPzcbWphVL2E2MO5LgGNPwrILX0BGTWNfgc9ETxSprPQVFk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eArchitecture built by the Portuguese\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Fort – built by the Portuguese in 1593-1596, to Giovanni Battista Cairati\u0026#39;s designs, to protect the port of Mombasa – is one of the most outstanding and well preserved examples of 16th century Portuguese military fortification, and a landmark in the history of this type of construction. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Fort’s layout and form reflected the Renaissance ideal that perfect proportions and geometric harmony are to be found in the human body. The property covers an area of 2.36 hectares and includes the fort’s moat and immediate surroundings.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFort Jesus, Mombasa, bears physical witness, in its structures and subsequent transformations, to the interchange of cultural values and influences between and among peoples of African, Arab, Turkish, Persian and European origin, who fought to gain and maintain their control over this strategic port.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInside Fort Jesus Museum\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe museum holds objects from archaeological excavations at Fort Jesus, Gede, Manda and Ungwana.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSK0FGMVFpcE1QSzRpY2ZLMkxtelpQa1NVZDlvSjBJeVR2ZkhIRUM1VkFrYXc\u003d",323.58200488059754,-7.389173137827953,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMPK4icfK2LmzZPkSUd9oJ0IyTvfHHEC5VAkaw\u003dw1200-h1000-pi7.389173-ya159.582-fo127.0",null,127,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSK0FGMVFpcE1QSzRpY2ZLMkxtelpQa1NVZDlvSjBJeVR2ZkhIRUM1VkFrYXc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d127.0\u0026sv_h\u003d323.58200488059754\u0026sv_p\u003d-7.389173137827953",null,164,[10,"AF1QipMPK4icfK2LmzZPkSUd9oJ0IyTvfHHEC5VAkaw"],"SvInfo:5903318b-2884-4a38-a20d-6ede006a541f"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBuilt by communities\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eArchaeological records of materials found within the site go beyond 500 years ago. Since the present inhabitants of the area arrived probably some three centuries ago, it seems most likely that Bantus – who initially occupied this region prior to the arrival of Luos – first built the stone structures. Abundant rocks on the hilly areas provided them with building materials to meet their security requirements.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSubsequently, communities that moved into this region in the period between the 15th and 19th centuries carried out repair work and modification on the structures. However, all these episodes of occupation and repair did not interfere with the architecture and preservation of the structures.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDuring the first quarter of the twentieth century, the abandonment of Ohingni started en mass. No more stone structures were constructed, and consequently some stone structures were reduced to mere traces of circumferences or disappeared altogether. Thimlich Ohinga is one of the few stone structures that survived.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFnlTRWNyb3I0Z3RrQUFBUkJjVnVKN0E\u003d",183.30654636528465,2.54979738310017,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dySEcror4gtkAAARBcVuJ7A\u0026heading\u003d-176.69345363471535\u0026pitch\u003d2.54979738310017\u0026fov\u003d90.3031003523145\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dqv81M7YfQcxRburfjlNBFCZptDY",null,90.3031003523145,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFnlTRWNyb3I0Z3RrQUFBUkJjVnVKN0E%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d90.3031003523145\u0026sv_h\u003d183.30654636528465\u0026sv_p\u003d2.54979738310017",null,null,[2,"ySEcror4gtkAAARBcVuJ7A"],"SvInfo:cf5dddbf-edb0-4c1f-9fad-b911f8c3c313"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Ru97chfwPbWB3iF0qY_jhbF4vUoedV5b5VIDtppwZVn2FghZgKzJfYB8znbmXLjkR6TEjtPiWl",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003ePurposely selected elongated slabs were used at the gates as lintels to support the weight of the stones above the entrance.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RPasb3Tu-IJIac-BvcbTmcpkkGOuieGwt4gXdaZ6S3OMjkfFBBK_g8QTWWPubAMVY4zQelV8g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSites on the tentative list:\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e1. Mombasa Old Town (1997)\u003cbr\u003e2. Lake Nakuru National Park (1999)\u003cbr\u003e3. Lake Naivasha (1999)\u003cbr\u003e4. Lake Bogoria National Reserve (1999)\u003cbr\u003e5. The Historic Town of Gedi (2010)\u003cbr\u003e6. The Mfangano-Rusinga Island Complex (2010)\u003cbr\u003e7. The African Great Rift Valley - The Marakwet Escarpment Furrow Irrigation System (2010)\u003cbr\u003e8. The African Great Rift Valley - Olorgesailie Prehistoric Site (2010)\u003cbr\u003e9. Aberdare Mountains (2010)\u003cbr\u003e10. The Eastern Arc Coastal Forests (Arabuko-Sokoke Forest and Shimba Hills National Reserve) (2010)\u003cbr\u003e11. The Kakemega Forest (2010)\u003cbr\u003e12. The Meru Conservation Area (2010)\u003cbr\u003e13. The African Great Rift Valley - Hell’s Gate National Park (2010)\u003cbr\u003e14. The African Great Rift Valley - The Maasai Mara (2010)\u003cbr\u003e15. The Great Rift Valley - The Kenya Lakes System (2010)\u003cbr\u003e16. The Tana Delta and Forests Complex (2010)\u003cbr\u003e17. Tsavo Parks and Chyulu Hills Complex (2010)\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","6 Ways to Experience Nairobi Culture","Not-to-be-missed sights and activities in Kenya’s vibrant city","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T3cX0-qOmjDT2FRE3vzaKvArMz9V1EIfZBT8iNdLw2Ke2-oAjK02JZCo05ZYQ7CnjiNzuf","/story/7gWBsJid4fgMKQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"7gWBsJid4fgMKQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q-p-2eMMdy3WYT7l3-pBBDLpTzBAqI-p-y2elmdq73vhbQgaw4M-LYFBVbuW6bEU3V1LKh",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eNairobi is the capital of Kenya and is the largest city in the country. In Swahili (or Kiswahili, as it’s referred to locally), the city name means “place of cool waters,” referring to the Nairobi River that runs through the city. Whether you want to experience a major, modern city of over three million people or be whisked back to the ancient past of Africa by standing on the plains of the Serengeti or the edge of the Great Rift Valley (both of which are close by), the diverse and vibrant city of Nairobi has it all.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q-p-2eMMdy3WYT7l3-pBBDLpTzBAqI-p-y2elmdq73vhbQgaw4M-LYFBVbuW6bEU3V1LKh",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eExplore these six ways to experience Nairobi culture...\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QgwwpwIaltbzfVnRWhih8WDVmHosB4ELRs6PF1ffp_NjSdf8UiWpc4NqMvvhFNDWTBKLqZYKg","Maasai Market at Village Market Mall",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe longest-running and perhaps most traditional Maasai Market in Nairobi is the one held on Fridays at the Village Market Mall in the northern part of Nairobi. Kenyan brothers Hamed and Mehraz Ehsani created the Village Market Mall with the objective of giving locals, tourists, and ex-pats a recreational area for gathering.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QgwwpwIaltbzfVnRWhih8WDVmHosB4ELRs6PF1ffp_NjSdf8UiWpc4NqMvvhFNDWTBKLqZYKg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe market hall has expanded to 15 times the originally planned size and scope, now hosting initiatives such as the Maasai Market, which features over 400 artisans who specialize in ethnic relics such as iron sculptures, batik textile prints, and paintings. This lively center also hosts performances from local musicians and weekly art exhibitions to showcase up and coming talent.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QR-LlmJAwY9_s5mouhhE6WT8q3hCPr-T0KD5JMsFtbFYsaugfCNJfv3K6y7xNkPNWnFJ62J3L1","Mcensal School of Fashion and Design",[null,"\u003cp\u003eIf you have an interest in fashion, you might want to see the latest fashion designs that have come out of the \u003ca href\u003d\"/partner/mcensal-school-of-fashion-and-design\"\u003eMcensal School of Fashion and Design\u003c/a\u003e. It’s one of the most prestigious colleges in Kenya, known for producing alumnae ready to revolutionize runways. Mcensal’s mission is to nurture talent beyond the fundamental art of tailoring and get their students to think about design, branding, and more.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QodfJloqwiGl5qcftvPeJFe5O6QP6HdhQ-iNNasF-wzKdZwAqNvGRViSXU5eBNk7qWao_2MYE","African Heritage House",[null,"\u003cp\u003eOverlooking Nairobi National Park is the \u003ca href\u003d\"/partner/african-heritage-house\"\u003eAfrican Heritage House\u003c/a\u003e. Founded in the early 1970s by former U.S. State Department relief officer Alan Donovan, the house is home to over 6,000 distinct pieces of traditional art and crafts from all over Africa.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QodfJloqwiGl5qcftvPeJFe5O6QP6HdhQ-iNNasF-wzKdZwAqNvGRViSXU5eBNk7qWao_2MYE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eHere visitors can find items of African handiwork such as Kamba beadwork (made by the Kamba tribe of Kenya), elaborate masks (from the Ibo, in Nigeria), ceremonial daggers carved by the Bakuba people of the Congo, Ase Oke (hand-woven cloths by the Yoruba men), and plenty more heritage pieces.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sb4KaMlPy4esleNFf9HUFDqelNj6lmnj4gNKUhaJrktBtsgy2FdW6zEI1RvMxNzVe3nFlmug","Nairobi Street Food",[null,"\u003cp\u003eA natural and logical extension of artistic culture in Nairobi is the exciting and colorful food scene to be found there. The most well-known cuisine in Kenya is \u003ci\u003eNyama Choma\u003c/i\u003e, which means, quite simply, “barbecued or roasted meats.” While \u003ci\u003eNyama Choma\u003c/i\u003e is the regional cuisine for which Nairobi — and Kenya more broadly — is best known, the expansion of Nairobi as a truly global city has led to an infusion of flavors from around the world. This has resulted in a hybrid fusion of European, Pan-Asian, and African cuisines that are sure to delight the palate of any hungry traveler to the Kenyan Capital.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sb4KaMlPy4esleNFf9HUFDqelNj6lmnj4gNKUhaJrktBtsgy2FdW6zEI1RvMxNzVe3nFlmug",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe tradition of eating this barbecued meat is one that has survived for generations, as Kenyans relied heavily on hunting. Typically, you will find the men of Nairobi cooking the meat directly over an open flame, but the process is not your ordinary barbecue.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sb4KaMlPy4esleNFf9HUFDqelNj6lmnj4gNKUhaJrktBtsgy2FdW6zEI1RvMxNzVe3nFlmug",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eKenyans have a special technique of cooking the meat where the fat creates a layer of insulation, rendering the inside moist, tender, and cooked to smoked perfection. \u003ci\u003eNyama Choma\u003c/i\u003e is now often seen as a “street food” but the skill involved in preparation was once only reserved for special occasions and communal celebrations.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TnuNrq4L_Onbjr7F0BzIADsFqiItZH6EGxkQLa0alIjvkigpC_HviAwgfpNR9xhl54otwvIA","GoDown Arts Center",[null,"\u003cp\u003eFor a more modern take on the thriving arts scene in Nairobi, you don\u0026#39;t need to look further than the \u003ca href\u003d\"/partner/godown-arts-centre\"\u003eGoDown Arts Center\u003c/a\u003e, founded in 2003 in what was formerly warehouse for car repairs. Intended to showcase the wide range of creativity and artistic expression of Kenyan and East African artists across many different mediums, GoDown boasts over 10,000 meters of space dedicated to supporting contemporary art in this region of Africa.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rtm3EwQIxbtrKWRER8nTuTHvmISQgIkhdnwOlYYxlZ0ZnWtLrHq2u8252AICtGFAyZhdMfnZRV","Kenya National Archive",[null,"\u003cp\u003eAnother museum of vital importance to the history of Africa is the \u003ca href\u003d\"/partner/kenya-national-archives\"\u003eKenya National Archives\u003c/a\u003e, located in Nairobi and founded in 1965 around the time of Kenyan Independence. 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Ahmed the Elephant\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCome face to face with the most famous elephant of Africa. See the skeleton and a lifesize model of Ahmed, who was known for his large tusks and put under 24 hour protection by President Kenyatta.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e2. The Turkana boy\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Turkana boy is the most complete skeleton found of an early hominid. It is 1.6 million years old.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003e3. The Joy Adamson gallery\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLearn more about the iconic illustrator, conservationist and author, and explore her paintings celebrating Kenya\u0026#39;s flora, fauna and people.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePoint Zero\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe building also houses Point Zero, which is the point from which all distances in Kenya were measured from. 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["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE1FSWtHLWN4WF9mNkU1andnVVlLQmNsUEVYWWR4V21qUEIzWnQ4",326.3324935015045,-2.417232793836064,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMEIkG-cxX_f6E5jwgUYKBclPEXYdxWmjPB3Zt8\u003dw1200-h1000-pi2.4172328-ya-102.6675-fo100.51781",null,100.51780581002656,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE1FSWtHLWN4WF9mNkU1andnVVlLQmNsUEVYWWR4V21qUEIzWnQ4\u0026sv_f\u003d100.51780581002656\u0026sv_h\u003d326.3324935015045\u0026sv_p\u003d-2.417232793836064",null,69,[10,"AF1QipMEIkG-cxX_f6E5jwgUYKBclPEXYdxWmjPB3Zt8"],"SvInfo:014b89dd-c9fb-4733-ac1c-118dac5e3eb2"];window.INIT_data['EditorialSection:7ed8cfa6-066b-42b9-bac3-9eb28adfd97a'] = ["stella.edit.sect",null,8,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","The Role of Music and Dance in Kenyan Communities","Experiencing life through music and dance","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_REqnG7xjNFgM3JrKkhH0freIgZw1c8g7fhyN7WB8z3JRs7kzeR0lynVPnf9ikVTjTX2OaHhQ","/story/jAUxH4oqBai8IQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null,"Dance"],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"jAUxH4oqBai8IQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RenMoT_U1qb8MYcsA3LnUXgLACAmS-e5l3hPAzPbJs0aXJ0jtiOzHe4MA3qcG_kyABDVdhOUw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe role of music in Kenyan communities\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditional music in Kenya is more than a form of artistic expression. Traditional music was mostly passed down orally in the past, accompanied by instruments and costumes which played an important role in traditional dances.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QcveVF56yZepcaoI-CSnRWEXhLvCKozND57kJX4RRLO_3ONkBKHuJYo8lNg7kT6l-H1sVPbA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eDancers wore masks and carried shields, swords and other objects to enhance music and communicate to both the living and their ancestors. Among the Maa speaking communities, song has always played a large role in ceremonial life. This is still the case. One of the best known Maasai ceremonial songs is the \u003ci\u003eEngilakinoto\u003c/i\u003e, sung after a successful lion hunt.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TartHp7nQNCIGtrMG_EwYGfVemNcIleal3NCvaVo_lZlCUqstW_Cj0huHxf7a52KXoTFAZUw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe evolution of traditional music\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAfrican music has undergone frequent and decisive changes throughout the centuries. What is termed traditional music today is very different from African music in former times. In the past, tunes and rhythms were not rigidly linked to specific ethnic groups. Through migrations, different ethnic groups borrowed musical styles and instruments, while individual groups\u0026#39; creativity and style continued to play an important role in the evolution of music.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SjqBe_2DgVMXqmwFiD2eonEqEb0Qh2LQEERtxERx5kz4gZ1TGuR9JwtnA1CyOS-GM2mgeY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eTraditional African music includes songs and dances that have been performed by custom over a long period, through several generations, as a form of worship, ritual and entertainment. Traditional music, mostly classified as folk songs, is historically ancient, rich and diverse, with different regions and nations of Africa having many distinct musical traditions.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditional music in Kenya can be categorised into groups: Lullabies, initiation, children’s songs, marriage and burial dirges, hero praises, preparing the land, planting and harvesting, criticism and condemnation, among others.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TdRUu4sh-LHlL1NAFAj6DCyOuubu1C32NqJ5es553liGlKkAiQMv79Pc52kmlWN72vVO2_l8E",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMusical instruments\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere is an enormous variety of traditional musical instruments in Africa. The most frequently used were percussion instruments, especially drums. There were also varieties of wind and stringed instruments, ranging from the simple mouth blow to more complex varieties of harps, flutes and lyres. Musical instruments in African societies served a variety of roles. Certain instruments were used solely for song accompaniment. Others, however, served religious and social functions besides recreational applications, or as accompaniments for dancing. Among certain ethnic groups, there were restrictions as to the age, sex, or social status of the persons who played the instruments.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RB-aLUR--AeEweLZ2Hfci4r6mUa4iLt3h8LynXh102IIKyyKJR6P13yZFfeaEGc9eOjBkBHdI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kamba flute\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis musical flute was made from the \u003ci\u003emuangini\u003c/i\u003e (swamp reed). It consists of three carefully crafted holes, easily shaped to help direct the flow of air to produce sound. It was played by men for leisure.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TX91vZ2oNq9vVMeNj4jNbQWNTv2slV3Z2BSyt7t7awCawCzaZdMKlqzS9wiuRwR_fhY8HyzJc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kipsigis flute\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis wooden flute was often made by young Kipsigis men and blown during leisure time.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RSrkZiexuH73jj5-deeCbckYokSTQ_uaNIARCS58XFKAubvherdz3_zCi0Qxnqj1VxTyw5HtM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Rabai whistle\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis whistle was made from an antelope\u0026#39;s horn. It is a very rare find.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SjqBe_2DgVMXqmwFiD2eonEqEb0Qh2LQEERtxERx5kz4gZ1TGuR9JwtnA1CyOS-GM2mgeY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Samia horn trumpet\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOmbango Omutsembi, a Samia man, depicted blowing a horn for leisure.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QaY884lecDP2uKtCDSrZZioIQx4N1eMvaRA7veDFYyClNeP16xsdoY7QIgU8V9zIM8oxH5ELo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Tugen horn trumpet\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis trumpet was made from antelope horn, with a hole at the tip, by an old craftsman. It was used as a musical instrument by the elders and, occasionally, as a siren to summon an army in the event of an enemy invasion.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlrIMotuLsU3gP1qzDyCXrgZlIVJz3OvlKg2Ukoq-x71DQIEXr0v5_57lneq9hU5uwsxvc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kikuyu witch-doctor\u0026#39;s horn\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis waterbuck horn was used as a musical horn. Such horns were used in cleansing ceremonies by witch doctors from the Ethaga Clan.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QHqoBZYNdLlfh2ekH_92yYLRyFMaFzm4BmBK6ogv7ar2NRVGP7MAqk8yBzNS3sg3Wdv9bEx18",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kuria horn and dance mask\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNgwina Mukwena, from the Kuria community, is dressed for dance. He is depicted blowing a horn.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SezU3Cn4FT36Lo4SGZogyOzImNPwYQ3ksfDA2CFS3JdKTTn_YGPIT39NBxz3zfd0tk0CTRVQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Swahili Siwa side-blown horn\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Siwa, the ceremonial side blown horn, is one of the most distinctive items of regalia from sub-Saharan African. Made of ivory, it was made in 1688 on the Pate Island.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SnvYbFyaJQf_rhH5xHBm3Cds6B6h2xXD4o7SilOVAxK6RmiY1s7QFfWYdf_RErTWPHIjz5YzI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSwahili man blowing a Siwa horn\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAmong the Swahili people, the Siwa was perceived as a symbol of unity, and Swahili rulers served as its sole guardians. The Siwa was also believed to have supernatural and magical powers.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R4kA17kOHB73XBNPaqJTcecnTJbGWURAJsLlsrqcZ1FssPlnMH9ryVLLZJARFtv4H0rBDl9akS",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePokot dancing tube\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis 2.5 meter long hollow tube produces a booming sound similar to the Didgeridoo. It was played during ceremonies and to accompany dancing. The player would hold it vertically, blow his cheeks out, and produce the same note at regular intervals.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qqfq3DoKxWQY0vHJuJxS2AUeIKqT7FNv5_iX5kWQH0BRwASAX88jOp_RZshdPOMz21_WqqrA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe African drum\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Kenya there is a wide variety of drums, which may have served in a number of different roles, some of them not primarily musical. Their manufacture was often steeped in ritual and symbolism, and their use may have been restricted to specific contexts. In many societies, only men were able to play them; in others, certain drums were used only by women.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sp_emOv9ZUuscIDLQUm9YxqgPVOroYlOet8W8oCcuJdrxLQ2HQA27n_ZO8cUxXXmMzQHS-1A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kamba drum\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a drum made by old men for use by women when required for the \u003ci\u003eKilumi\u003c/i\u003e dance. Men were also known to use the drum and dance, but only those who are aware of the \u0026quot;spiritual words\u0026quot; in \u003ci\u003ekilumi\u003c/i\u003e songs. The \u003ci\u003ekilumi\u003c/i\u003e song was a propitiation dance, used in times of famine or other stress. The drums were made from wood of the \u003ci\u003emuinga\u003c/i\u003e tree, carved with a \u003ci\u003ethia\u003c/i\u003e, and finished with an adze (\u003ci\u003engomo\u003c/i\u003e). The chocks (\u003ci\u003eKyambo\u003c/i\u003e) holding down the skin were cut by a knife and made from goat skin.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RyEL95MFZdGzcFgTEjabME_JjT16nPiLUGlxB6arn8r8QjYWx9EynftU_vf2yCA29tIanelw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Luyia drum and Sikuti dance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Luyia of Western Kenya have a very distinctive traditional dance style called \u003ci\u003eSikuti\u003c/i\u003e, named after a local drum. This is an extremely energetic dance usually performed by paired male and female dancers, and accompanied by several drums, bells, long horns and whistles. 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"],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"7QUhGQ3avLbbLg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,4,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_ScIB5Af0c2wrLsGkBlQtouvPhcs_bPIQjF4ZtUaSShu0isWYzJBDilWtTMYEfXavrJZn-7xJw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e“Karibu, welcome to The National Museums of Kenya. We collect, preserve, study, document and present Kenya’s past and present cultural and natural heritage. On May 17th 2018 we began digitising objects telling the stories of the more than 44 communities of Kenya. Dating back centuries, the stories and traditions of the people of Kenya are some of the most fascinating in the world. They have enriched the country through social, economic, political and cultural activities, each with their own unique stories.“\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eDirector General, Dr. Mzalendo Kibunjia\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TuyrVtUFmXSL8nTjYwBfeoC42pgKoJ0gHU67B24hTcaqvXivVSqoJ4ILNY0f_YlJLNisuk_A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u0026quot;A team of more than 20 people were involved in the digitization project, which took a year to complete. Over 10,000 objects from The Cultural Heritage Department were photographed, along with 500 paintings from The National Museums Archives. Street Views were captured of 14 sites, among others, Karen Blixen’s House, Uhuru Gardens and the Nairobi National Museum.\u0026quot;\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eDirector General, Dr. Mzalendo Kibunjia\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S9-1vs92mtuhRoQ0lKIDvBpJki8OUP253RaatN7Fxg7VO2j5-699aYPOPa6G6u_CzDOPvBQA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u0026quot;Our collections have never been digitized, and the majority of objects have not been seen by anyone before. It\u0026#39;s exciting to know that everyone around the world now has access to our collections and can explore them online. I hope it will encourage new research, conversations, and visits to Kenya. It\u0026#39;s a pretty extraordinary place.\u0026quot;\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eCurator/Research Scientist, Philemon Nyamanga\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T-ZlOwwfAqHZM7NQkInh92jf05mPrkLXzZpQB3yhm3jWNV1wNW4g1wFXK7pKZOz-SdYRfV",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u0026quot;The Cultural Heritage Department holds a collection of over 60,000 objects, with the earliest dating to 1880 and the most recent 2018. Objects include weapons, shields, textiles, clothing, kangas, instruments, gourds, pots, furniture, dolls, masks, baskets, jewelery, fishing traps, textiles, combs, tools, ritual and medicine objects.“\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eCurator/Research Scientist, Audia Atogo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T-ZlOwwfAqHZM7NQkInh92jf05mPrkLXzZpQB3yhm3jWNV1wNW4g1wFXK7pKZOz-SdYRfV",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u0026quot;This incredible Nyatiti from the Luo community in Western Kenya has an incredible sound. Similar instruments are still used today, often to play the popular Benga music. It has eight-strings and is made of leather and wood.“\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eCurator/Research Scientist, Audia Atogo\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QnyvvnGYwWMnBRnA9RcQt0_XWVSUOS4PYJa59k9adGAbcnaIXL8D0jrli9PwlnK6bQqB55yQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u0026quot;The National Museums Archive section includes a collection of more than 4 Million items, telling the stories of Kenya. There are photographs of rock art, Mau Mau, and recordings of birdsong. For this project we digitized 300 paintings by artist Joy Adamson, 21 paintings by artist Leonard Kateete, and over 100 paintings by contemporary Kenyan artists.\u0026quot;\u003c/i\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eCurator/Archivist, Immelda Kithuka\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RHbVuht9Qgnw9H5y57j2eZxmg9C01vdMMAYsjthaZ2OEpP7reVqotk32x4zjis0vkL5awM1Jc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e\u0026quot;For six months a specialized digitization team worked hard to document the objects, in close collaboration with the curators. 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Digitizing them will enhance their access worldwide.\u0026quot;\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eCurator/Archivist, Immelda Kithuka\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SfjijNEvxPFKMWnV3on1p9naZuPLVK6wI0GF3Dix_8hhIPvFDO25rHIADyX39p0UgmJSI_vQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u0026quot;Over 30 communities were recorded for this project, among them, the Agikuyu, Luo, Maasai and Akamba. There are many more communities in Kenya, and the National Museums of Kenya is committed to representing and celebrating them all within its collections.\u0026quot; \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eCurator/Research scientist, Mercy Gakii\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q3QH205vhWllcSChP4FnSaqE4uLg5wmydpxg9tvV2GKVXtYbppNSXJic1rtvJIe2B4Ep9Lm-M",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e“We invite you to explore the collections of the National Museums of Kenya on Google Arts \u0026amp; Culture, and look forward to welcoming you in Kenya soon.“\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eDirector General, Dr. Mzalendo Kibunjia\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rh_8RAmolF02O9UTuOslZfPbSNoU0d5PIlutNF-LAkx0D8TkgQ_7jHv628uuW8Y-iwvpix_JAB",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003e“The government\u0026#39;s collaboration with Google has democratized access to Kenya’s rich cultural heritage and enabled more people to discover our culture and human connections in new, exciting and interactive ways. 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Today they are mainly farmers and beekeepers, and have a unique way of life well adapted to the forest.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SyV33NpO5yy9GM3jSHwtNT_SyPUNIRq5Anwfr9yDngTDjouXwEMjYuXhcRl2kHI_w87qebi3E",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNectar source\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe flowers of the Peacock plant (Albizia gumifera.) are an important nectar source for bees. The Peacock plant is native to most of the botanical regions in Kenya excluding the arid Northern region.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T3Frv6Uogh4uMsPHH1pUK6SJMgV0ZJan5s_MNSrSJexABDuQj4CXtO_8JLMbS4jbegzd-Om5o",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTraditional beehives\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally beehives were mainly made from the soquiet tree, covered with cut bark of the teet (cedar) tree, bound on both ends using tree vines. These were placed high on a tree in the forest and tied using leather ropes.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tz6eUQmGhtcvJGJs2ocGU_EQglA9NxeqB_-LaU4M-wgtfrF9bSy7YriL_w-zuPGqDPFTVVQmfW",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHoney harvesting\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis bundle of sticks, \u003ci\u003eSasiat\u003c/i\u003e (cedar bark), was used to smoke out the bees during honey harvesting. The bundle would be lit and placed at the mouth of the hive, forcing the bees to move to one end of the hive before the farmer harvests honey.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q2Qc3WTkGQUHg6pfX43Ck1ywId_TUIkAB5aixZ6OcJzWye4zAZIbFAinnEnb5HT-3fkHotA-g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCollection of honey\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHoney and honeycombs were collected through the opening on the beehive and then put in honey bags. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally men would present animal hide to women, who scraped off the hair and stitched the bag, using an awl and tenons from the forest log, for the men to use.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S1SETFU0I1Dzel-MgffcrWAN-7ZHb-hZnU6C_xnI8J3XZPw3qo4ggcyvfBguc_XHzoe3wHDjE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e Honey storage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAfter extraction, honey would be stored in pots or baskets, ready for use. These two flat bottomed and closely woven baskets with leather lids were made by women from the inner barks of the \u003ci\u003esilibuet\u003c/i\u003e tree. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWrapping thread would be sourced from the \u003ci\u003etabororiet\u003c/i\u003e tree to weave the baskets. Honey was traditionally used for feeding small children and during ceremonies such as marriage.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RoMWbpGgt878gKdFMoovtXVxTQEq-ycJ71IMkIL37JoVyk-DwQjBzn1Kg7Y6-XhZuTSIn7VMk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eDepicted is an Ogiek man carrying hunting and honey harvesting equipment.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QBCyv4KfKC2A4NH3W65ydpN3HCpfVUjZ5O9Q4XBLFqNzt5dpY7U_CkQ3TXdIkDg1977FF4FQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eArrow-heads\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eArrows had detachable heads that were poisoned before use, fitted to a wooden shaft and carried in quivers. There were different types of arrow heads used for specific purposes. There were sharp-pointed arrow heads used for bleeding cattle, blunt heads for killing birds, and barbed heads used as a weapon, for protection against attacks by other people. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese six arrows were made and used by Ogiek men for hunting. The shaft is made from cedar wood and the end fitted with vulture feathers using a string obtained from the sinews of a monkey\u0026#39;s tail. The sinew was popularly used for sewing.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QB67cyutMbzhS6HF5sbQjlP1cZPyyuwYIgVje9gweISV_3qlUpdUjXHpP3VZnjVHMbNH1YsA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e Animal trapping\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis object is a neck trap made from vine, and was used to trap animals. Animal trapping was done using a simple trip-lever platform trap, or a noose type of trap laid over a game trail. Animals stepped unknowingly on the covered platform, setting off a trigger. This would release a bent sapling attached to a vine, which tightened round the animal’s foot or neck.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SFy63n9Fmk1tZYGfZs6sFf-jLtKulkpY30gY24TwxBnaTJmuEemgBSBU1Gnh7Defw7NknZ1cY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe importance of family and traditional gender roles\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally the father was the head of the family and involved in all major decisions on matters concerning his family. In the absence of the father, the mother assumed authority. The eldest son was often accorded the same respect as the father once he was an adult. A woman\u0026#39;s place among the Ogiek was within the home. Her duty was to bear children and look after her home, which meant collecting firewood, fetching water, and cooking food that her husband brings home. On the other hand, the man\u0026#39;s duty was to provide food, leadership and protect his family. The children helped with household chores, agricultural activities, artisanship, etc.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QKndEwgDbpyobRaOS4U_ZuHMulVVe6sSwGTzDpNbMTzEy8byPMZC-6bGNl9Vw1q7eDjR71tN4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCircumcision: from childhood to adulthood\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Ogiek circumcised both boys and girls at puberty, though separately. The boys’ ceremony was called \u0026#39;\u0026#39;tumdo op werit\u0026#39;\u0026#39; while the girls\u0026#39; was \u0026#39;\u0026#39;tumdo op tiipiik\u0026#39;\u0026#39;. Men had to acquire the skills necessary to be able to provide for their families, fight, and protect their people as warriors before considering marriage. Initiates of the same age, circumcised at the same time, were given a rank grouping referred to as the age-set ( \u0026#39;\u0026#39;Ipinda\u0026#39;\u0026#39;- a name borrowed from the Kipsigis). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Joy Adamson painting of an Ogiek boy in circumcision attire. This attire was worn by young initiates as they wandered through the forest during the seclusion stage, in the company of one or two other initiates.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Ssdn3HPAYUxqX3YO9GoAX9af55ek1qG5mf48yPNEdFk-qDD0xLiuMlcisbttcsPgMIH4wXTg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarriage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Ogieks were polygamous and wives had their own separate houses and fields. Families arranged marriages and visited the bride and groom\u0026#39;s home severally with gifts of honey (honey beer or raw honey) to discuss the union and bride wealth. Bride wealth constituted bags of honey, skin capes and blankets. The bride\u0026#39;s father and other men of his lineage gave her to her new family during the marriage ceremony. At her husband\u0026#39;s home she would be welcomed with her own house and fields.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QDblzzXWNkz4l3EPfjaz3Hdw_63OnON4Ft3YPxunQnW_Nr8zH3r6LnE15EwXdVNcrphHwRAgg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOgiek bride\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDuring wedding ceremonies, people dressed in their finest clothes and jewelery. This is a painting of an Ogiek bride adorned with bead work.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TZGHpT2U9J8CCeAljLkqQpMB7SvQZqKbaZs0ZQxZtF9oWeJpST_1tLOb30XanPGBP7A7RCvQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e Divination ball\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe practice of divination was done by the Ogieks to foresee or foretell the future using supernatural powers. This divination ball is a seed obtained from lawisto tree, and was traditionally used by the Ogiek women for divination.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QQngciZx_YPZcW7C3eHA8ahNZWYHPPV_m9GyGUTCWygu4M9at1azluefNqLlp17lsstF3wVKs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePlant root for healing stomach ailments\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally herbs obtained from the forests were used for treating illnesses. An example of a common herb is this squat shaped root, obtained from a \u003ci\u003etuberous sumeto\u003c/i\u003e plant, which grows in the forest. The root would be boiled in water and drunk for its medicinal value. It was used for curing most abdominal ailments by inducing vomit.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RZWqWQdaUat4vUYfvQ2bht0S_xp6fXrQKcye0JJdrjYC9EK7tuwGXEm7kRoB3tMZl2tpfUUlM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCoat made from monkey skin and cow hide\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis beautifully designed coat (aguriek top poinik) was made and worn by men while hunting and gathering in the forest and during traditional ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_THw2MypgozZEKgtFGpL77-hr-DBQqL4HOkONHUp95JirN3NFhaUVFPPE7hmvH_maIpFHW6PA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHeaddress made from monkey skin\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis headdress was stitched and worn by men.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Swahili Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_StB_qRzkiYrDEwFB2Ma9QJvNVfqHr72UjgofLO-2-sSIDvkTbUdQrwP-nAZ4eT1X74b8MhHg","/story/qAVRxAllYVHzJg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"qAVRxAllYVHzJg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Swahili were initially called Wangozi. They are believed to have migrated from Shungwaya to the coast, where they intermarried with the Arabs. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Swahili are found along the east African coast, with some living in Mombasa, Kwale, Tana River, Lamu and Kilifi counties. They speak Swahili (Kiswahili).\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,null,129.85124855814277,16.38824998761116,null,null,null,null,90.04918450586759,"/streetview?sv_f\u003d90.04918450586759\u0026sv_h\u003d129.85124855814277\u0026sv_p\u003d16.38824998761116",null,158,null,"SvInfo:1a12dd50-118f-41d0-b303-fccbe24ebb40"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S2_rJEfDu5aAdrMHmFazIxNlQEgLvQrgLgrMSTwBv8lxzDTRuEKTfI3WKCMAceIscWqAepbcE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKangas\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA kanga, also known as a \u003ci\u003eleso\u003c/i\u003e, is a traditional Swahili cloth. It is a cotton cloth which has Swahili sayings printed on it. In this kanga, the saying \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eYa kale hayapo, zingatia uliyonayo\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; means \u0026#39;the past isn\u0026#39;t there, reflect on what you have\u0026#39;.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QA5lmOazY7e7ujBaQ8eKplDcGLjZ1dCqULUfqo58UaH8aeHoLlp5H94hx3gAQk02MkxpB8QA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePrinting kangas\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a traditonal kanga printing block (\u003ci\u003emataba leiso\u003c/i\u003e). It has carved out patterns on hard wood. Today, the Swahili use modern printing methods, and such blocks are no longer in use.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TwRee8EFuniXHskeieu26_Onxmk8he9mvD9VzTGy2BGi2KIla6bPZtT_mKiCdWzQojYlZDrPA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSwahili mat\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a mat (\u003ci\u003emkeka\u003c/i\u003e) made from doum palm leaves. It was made by men to be sold for use at home.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs skilled craftsmen, the Swahili make beautiful products like baskets, furniture and ornaments out of wood, reeds and doum palm leaves.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SE8PGxG6CI42Y889LTYMfQYMZOsDQXAzHdSJYg69jXzVovdAfDpEIVYXiS8hTaz_tTnoOBP3c",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMbuzi\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a coconut grater made of wood with an iron tip and decorated with animal symbols by a blacksmith. It was traditionally used by women for grating coconut to extract \u003ci\u003etui\u003c/i\u003e, coconut milk. \u003ci\u003eTui\u003c/i\u003e is a staple ingredient in most Swahili delicacies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QBb4lAMRjGSK2K5AIGMIB9mEPGJH4f0GTwNTdI1Dv1OZUGNsUGeFTowoUVEfjnjtPuKbX4s4E",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFood preparation\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA wooden mortar and pestle made by a craftsman and used by women for pounding grains to separate the cover from the seeds. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe wood was cut from a tree using an axe, and made hollow with a chisel.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TRFTFx-Oq-77ev5e-5f9pwaTShgrDeyvaS8CyVDF7UQjUOIyYSE7qXrRXboKfEpM2Yg6Eta5w",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaking baskets\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eReeds used by women for making baskets of various sizes and uses.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SHrdyM9AcWQe6sa2DOcsP-IkxgHzcDun8KYMAFF3ZKJautkZEFyDKgDwjOT3QGH0kLmpXoLuGU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMan-made crafts\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a wooden block on which hats are shaped. It was made by a male craftsman and used by a male hat maker.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tg8z93Zi4M8Lk5BOy09U_IdEX1WZXbPGxa3DUIkWWYCcnJgg8YZ3YaBr26lmZQrzWW-t7LPg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA whisk for churning milk\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a large wooden whisk for churning milk. It was made by a male craftsman and used by women. The string on the central bar would be pulled back and forth through the holes on the side bars.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SVp4qVFyY60Y_MQD_tVyGTYfyAMNJa4--alsBw9gUNDII6HDDkzze2mETBpCLj-1Fk-u1MnQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSwahili marriage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a silver belt worn by women during a wedding ceremony. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSwahili marriages were traditionally arranged, and marriage between cousins was encouraged so as to keep property and family together. A bride price was paid to the girl’s family but it was never a sign of total ownership. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe parents of a young man would visit the girl’s family and negotiate on behalf of their son. A positive response would start up the beginning of the wedding plans. More visits to the girl’s family followed up, accompanied by gifts. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSwahili marriages take 3 to 4 months to plan, during which both families hold different ceremonies. On the wedding day, food and music is always offered in plenty. Divorces and polygamy are allowed as provided for by Islamic law.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tsa7yEzqHSvS9Sem_TPkSChQR98VlmAAbC0ToXzezYgymAUDDOrvopLLm-zPJwAxlGETSNtKGS",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSwahili food\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRice cooked with coconut milk has traditionally been a staple food for the Swahili. Their meals incorporate locally available vegetables, fruits, and spices served with tea several times a day. Fish is also central in the diet, while chicken and goat meat are popular for holiday meals.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis aluminium plate (\u003ci\u003esinia\u003c/i\u003e) was used for serving food for communal eating.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RJFq7fnrOZ98xBcy3kuNCvWluhJZ3qNOXLTEApxa8gmfPkBEU7T5dJB4osj6RFjkxcTy_mm6k",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSiwa\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Siwa is a ceremonial side blown horn made from ivory and brass. Among the Swahili it was perceived as a symbol of unity, and Swahili rulers served as its sole guardians. The Siwa was also believed to have supernatural and magical powers.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QYRVCDuy_HQihiJB8UCUkmuIrZkMrJUTbi0nh-s8ashD2Efdp1SwCJcP982IBJsQr_UceoK1Gn",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThere are different types of poetry. For instance, \u003ci\u003eutendi/utezi\u003c/i\u003e, which was used to record historical events; \u003ci\u003einkishafi\u003c/i\u003e, used to teach good behaviour and the fear of God; \u003ci\u003eukwafi\u003c/i\u003e, used to tell prophetic stories; \u003ci\u003etiyani fatiha\u003c/i\u003e, used to pray to God for relief when in difficulty; and \u003ci\u003ehamziya\u003c/i\u003e used to praise the prophet Mohammed. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eUtumbuizo\u003c/i\u003e (lullabies) were used to soothe a baby to sleep, and women also sang it to welcome their husbands home after a hard day in the fields \u003ci\u003eKimai\u003c/i\u003e was used by fishermen when they went fishing. The \u003ci\u003ezivindo\u003c/i\u003e is used to preserve words that are pronounced the same but have different meaning. Examples of teaching phrases include: \u003ci\u003eKosa moja haliachi mke\u003c/i\u003e, meaning \u0026#39;One fault does not warrant divorce of a wife.\u0026#39;\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RVnp8EMPoTfkVhWiiiMxpxxj_Wl2nbC2xphjYZanoovIPrVHyGcubPC38hZMWXeZXD9AmsJQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSwahili ceremonies and music\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a lyre with a gourd resonator from the Swahili community. Swahili music is both secular and religious. During important ceremonies like weddings or Maulidi, which celebrates the birth of prophet Mohammed, music and dance are inseparable. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTaarab is a type of Swahili music that is popular for discussing life issues and for grieving when someone dies.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Kikuyu Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QXSGAFtJBvF77zvw6OV9EINfweZ3WJlAXLYu5v7U7vaB20fx3MDKypaWyHmrz0SN4ldu8X","/story/qQUR6HqkIjAUIQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"qQUR6HqkIjAUIQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QcQcCb4VLssxO-J_35dlLrlbHdas-rutXLYglfbZyI1tdqWo0cYaSOq4ii55B85s94Der-5A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAncestors of the Kikuyu arrived in Kenya and settled on the slopes of Mount Kenya where they found the Gumba, whom they assimilated. The Gumba were hunters who made iron and pottery, and used honey and honey products. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kikuyu learnt the art of iron-making and smelting from the Gumba and, as their population increased, they dispersed to different areas around the slopes of Mount Kenya.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QIOC5w81TDlm4EH-WeaPosPK0CWZ3MhWQFmgLMFNYG2TkZe6XRWiOeCWLIDXT0-DALhFMmEZlO",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Agikuyu believe that Ngai created the first man (Gikuyu) and woman (Mumbi) to whom they trace their origin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOne day Ngai appeared to Gikuyu and allotted him all land south-west of Mount Kenya, currently Kirinyaga county. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGikuyu then built a homestead at Mukurwe wa Nyagathanga in Murang’a. This place is considered sacred and has many fig trees. Mukurwe wa Nyagathanga is a gazetted cultural site.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RIMiFmVJV9fHcBcbJQTQ5LRL6EHG-Ei0JNKLRHtfnWL3tX-WHrIDj7QMib2fj_lCG_OPxUHnw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eMumbi and Gikuyu were blessed with nine daughters: Wanjirũ, Wambũi, Njeri, Wanjikũ, Nyambũra, Wairimũ, Waithĩra, Wangarĩ, and Wangũi, but no sons. When time came for the daughters to start families of their own, their father prayed and offered sacrifice to Ngai under a fig (Mugumo) tree. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe next day nine men appeared under the mugumo tree who married the daughters. They became the ancestors of the nine Kikuyu clans.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QXULzg5kwFshBaWzZzNbdF4u2YobFVjmgjJ7wY6Az3Y_cDr2Hjzdd5ODhYUfKBLrHZm_oE3LQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e The work of the medicine man\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally medicine men (\u003ci\u003emundu mugo\u003c/i\u003e) were powerful people in the Kikuyu community. They were consulted about the future, for healing and cleansing from ill omens. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe primary apparatus of the medicine men consisted of a series of gourds, the most important of which was the divination gourd \u003ci\u003emwano\u003c/i\u003e. It contained medicine used to heal the sick. It has a long neck, decorated with a woven leather strap and plant fibre handle. It is sealed with a plant fibre lid, attached with leather to the neck.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RJUfpLi0vhOKv_42ZCLHkGlvtOkEl6QmThmZODOTxkDXQ-nDqUcSV7iR0uIVvZySrwbgveyPw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMugo wa Kibiru: the sheer\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMugo wa Kibiru was born in Kariara, Murang’a near Thika, between the 18th and 19th centuries. Although, his parents are unknown, he became a famous prophet. According to folklore, Mugo was found alone in the forest by a hunter called Kibiru as he was inspecting his traps. Kibiru was from the Gikuyu Anjiru clan, who were traditionally associated with prophecy and powerful medicine. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe hunter decided that he would adopt the young Mugo, known as Cege at the time, and bring him up as one of his sons – not knowing the greatness that he would possess in later years. Thus, he became Cege wa Kibiru. The name later changed to Mugo, which means ‘healer’.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RJUfpLi0vhOKv_42ZCLHkGlvtOkEl6QmThmZODOTxkDXQ-nDqUcSV7iR0uIVvZySrwbgveyPw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eAs a young boy, he was not afraid of wild animals while herding his father’s goats. As it was with other medicine men of that time, he possessed the powers to control animals. He occasionally claimed to have been with God. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs a grown up Mugo began prophesying. He prophesied about the coming of the white man. He said that there would come a strange a race of people whose skin color was like that of a small pale frog that lives in water (Kiengere) and that one could see their blood under their skins just like the frog. He also said that these pale strangers would have colorful clothes that were colorful like butteries (ciiuhuruta). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHe warned the Gikuyu that it was foolish for their warriors to ever face these pale strangers with spears because of their magical sticks that produced fire (guns shooting bullets). The White men also carried fire in their pockets (matchboxes), he said.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RUXwDblQKfC0GugdkEBtSdwp9PC5OtadVriG5kjSerM7QjG_CrPs_qpfkEc_cBKHAdRhLdLiU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKaruri wa Gakure: the great chief\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKaruri wa Gakure was a famous Kikuyu medicine man and warrior. He was born in Gathigiyo, to a father who was of the Angari clan and a mother whose name was Wangari. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYoung Karuri displayed leadership qualities among his peers and was consequently named him \u003ci\u003eMutongoria\u003c/i\u003e, which means leader. He belonged to the machungya makuru age set. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGrowing up, Karuri hunted elephants for ivory to trade with the Arabs. He became a medicine man to supplement his income. For thirty goats, he bought his first herbs from Githaiga wa Muya, Gikemi wa Karura and from the hunter gathering communities in the nearby forests. He led the Kikuyu warriors to battle after giving them medicine that was believed to make them invincible\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tx3MEY7LwMtZqN3lFx1HUfzrwhWwGy4i07xByimpEeJQG9GyKOqMRIodyCvvecz8iGLeTF2_M",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIron-working\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKikuyu blacksmiths (\u003ci\u003emuturi\u003c/i\u003e) made knives and weapons from iron ore, which was dug out of the ground and smelted. In most markets, tobacco, vegetables, skins and gourds were exchanged for iron, pottery, leather garments, salt and red ochre. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a traditional digging knife (\u003ci\u003ekahiu ka irima\u003c/i\u003e) with a wooden handle made by a blacksmith at \u003ci\u003eKirwara\u003c/i\u003e. The handle was carved from \u003ci\u003eMurembu\u003c/i\u003e wood. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was used by women for cultivating fields, clearing bushes, weeding and harvesting cassava and sweet potatoes.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q0UBhpW4xmlKKhFpIiztfgUKdnJmZZRP9WnqdU6eQTHnOg3I1KrOF_xiJgXoN6XzuObbDwRKo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBasket-making\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBasket (\u003ci\u003ekiondo\u003c/i\u003e) making was a notable traditional economic activity among the Agikuyu women. The \u003ci\u003ekiondo\u003c/i\u003e is a woven basket made in various shapes, colors, and sizes, and decorated with geometric designs. Strings for making the baskets were gathered from the bark of several indigenous shrubs. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eApart from weaving baskets and trays, the strings were also used in making snares, repairing calabashes, stringing beads or tying loads.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SMk-YdwhIAtFFkQEAf05_H5evfXAluwQeqg2qs0HbPfu6Zq9i830hT6Xg0WIepWpmfQcAb",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePottery\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKikuyu women made pots from \u003ci\u003eriumba\u003c/i\u003e, a special clay dug up in particular areas. The pots were mostly used for cooking, storing grain, carrying water and for trade. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Kikuyu pot, with a straight neck and rim decorated with diagonal lines, was made by women potters using a mixture of three types of clay – red, white and black – which were obtained from swamps and along river banks. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe women collected and made these pots under the shade, in a similar manner to the Kamba.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TIBsNRnSvO5jgz7VpU7maIy0PoMhgiIuIvP8jJkAU7RJyfbjQ-rex0Ze2kSupPtPG75Sn0L3Ya",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCeremonial headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA headdress made from sisal ropes which were dyed with castor oil. It was used by Kikuyu elders during ceremonial occasions.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RqEWAyotjVl58UY1c9P7TAfbUxgrqffAxSClr2AVQF83j84_gQ6aIGzMOSDIfI1cxdUnV-3Z8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA symbol of status\u003c/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis fly-whisk is made using a cow tail, fitted firmly with a wooden handle. It is made by men and carried by elders as a symbol of status.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QVk8WJKGFhYopKOHN6D50ZUdraEF4XPlReTgqj6FVuQEeVttAza1lXVSLnw12e6pWIA4EjNetn",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInitiation: new roles for young Kikuyu\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Agikuyu circumcised both boys and girls at puberty. As an important cultural practice, circumcision was characterized by celebration \u003ci\u003eirua\u003c/i\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCircumcised girls became women ready for marriage, and boys became warriors. Initiates circumcised at the same time, formed an age-set \u003ci\u003eriika\u003c/i\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Kenya today, female circumcision is illegal and the communities are encouraged to adopt alternative initiation rites which do not involve female genital mutilation.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qdso21XoqCmsCAKU4pPj_aMrXrFH6d8NmRo7Y71L7nSrN9fnd8Jy6RDN0v6SJ9wsH8_gNqtb0",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eShield for dancing\u003c/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Agikuyu made shields for dancing, called \u003ci\u003endome\u003c/i\u003e. They were carved out of a single piece of wood, with a hole for the arm instead of a hand grip, and were worn on the upper left arm. They were used by boys prior to their initiation as junior warriors. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEach year the boys of a particular territorial unit would choose a design, which they later used for their war shields once they had achieved warrior status. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eShields of this type became family heirlooms, though the designs might be scraped off and repainted many times as each new generation of boys prepared for their initiation.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R4K1d_Pq-yFtQnsay850eDrT3TYfZSfoDRiesaaecaNSSecRbo6GV9ACTq3ErXSwo0M2rWT04",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarriage the Kikuyu way\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen a young man found a suitable woman to marry, he was expected to pay bride wealth \u003ci\u003eruracio\u003c/i\u003e to her family. The parents of both the bride and groom engaged in discussions, exchanged gifts, and assessed whether the couple were a suitable match. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAfterwards, the elders and fathers of the groom and bride drank locally brewed beer \u003ci\u003emuratina\u003c/i\u003e together as they negotiated for bride wealth (sheep, goats and cattle). A man could marry as many wives as he could afford.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA traditional Kikuyu marriage ceremony \u003ci\u003enguracio\u003c/i\u003e is characterized by a great feast, songs, dance and merry-making.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Ts9Hv7sdD9svv4UxnyoAUbIAFTIJ9e474nDGfGLRhX47wTHKg0pIRDFIEQ21AZLPGobUS8AA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e A Kikuyu bride\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA portrait of a Kikuyu bride wearing traditional headdress, earrings, necklace and wedding dress.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RYgek2tdqR3Lyd01lGVG7dPD-chAV6J9W7-dSn7y9y3Q41KZTz_n1XRqnJ8Flfe2_RGfx6WFk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePlaying the fiddle\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe fiddle \u003ci\u003ewandindi\u003c/i\u003e is played by a specialist using a sisal stringed bow \u003ci\u003emuthage\u003c/i\u003e. The spcialist would go round the countryside playing the instrument and singing in markets and at dances.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TOMx75nFsmTN_T2GmsdtNJxwMOEwi1uDuixBuKFmAJ6jRxMLLzfAIeH1x3GNe1CXJYj-NP5L4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e Large rattles\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLarge rattles \u003ci\u003ekigamba\u003c/i\u003e were made by blacksmiths and worn by travelers and dancers just below the knee during special occasions such as war dances, initiation ceremonies and other ceremonial dances. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis particular large leg rattle was made with four long bells sewn on a thick pad of leather. It was worn by older men for dancing. Today, such bells are made from scrap iron and ball bearings.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Maasai Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qj1A2KrMGOHwQ9zopPZzVZYO4cSaXk-BEwQQYwUGT9hjocMGHRIZiG5Hx0zKSJb4U9SEfT","/story/dQXRBRpBomHaLQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"dQXRBRpBomHaLQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TrZc9efNEph3Io8oqrBIMXDC-Ca4bJRZLfvmh60btjFNHOA5kaODVJ-Ts89LxM87La-5G03-WL",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMeet the Maasai and experience their culture\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eExperience the fascinating culture of the Maasai community at Nairobi National Museum, Narok Museum, the annual Esiankiki Night Festival and the Eunoto ceremony.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TBHltRsU953_wYq1fT2bQmVeGzjlp0gRUHvo3QO31iqt19R9DUQvemwvygFp6SZCzc4VO6fQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSpiritual leaders: Oloiboni and Loibon\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSpiritual leaders, known as \u003ci\u003eOloiboni\u003c/i\u003e or \u003ci\u003eLoibon\u003c/i\u003e, were common in each Maasai family. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOloiboni had mystical as well as medicinal healing powers. They predicted the future and healed people from physical, mental and spiritual illnesses. They were in charge of the rituals, led the community in sacrifices, officiated ceremonies, and advised elders on spiritual aspects. They were also prophets, shamans and seers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePictured here is a horn with a leather lid. It was used by a \u003ci\u003eLoibon\u003c/i\u003e to store medicine.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TRq98rPjHQp6TxVGCUToVbKBB8eB3LH8SLyHXYpxIJFzn_yHYQcGKHti22-Z5TfeFlN5lrKCY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration: guarding the cattle and protecting the community\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the 16th century, the Maasai began migrating southwards from the lower Nile River. From the 18th century they began settling in southern Kenya and northern Tanzania. Today they reside near East African game parks.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S8TxjWxSzIxiQspUYCCtPs9zFGDqvTsTVC4hlkMympbn6BkignfkfNdDaBdJb7spEmvjDYhja_",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA cowbell to keep track of the calves\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis iron metal cowbell (\u003ci\u003eOltuala\u003c/i\u003e) has a loud sound, which helped keep track of the grazing calves.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RalyJERuvqHBsNq8oH4rZHG02_ljRCeR8DkuvA0Z3jyTn6ExlKc0bhlyXrxoMeXv0t2zv83fA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEmanyattas: ceremonial Maasai homesteads\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEmanyattas are ceremonial homesteads built for particular cultural ceremonies such as \u003ci\u003eeunoto\u003c/i\u003e. These houses are made of mud, sticks and grass, and plastered with cow-dung. Traditionally, Maasai houses are built by women.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TqVzWaK4VmtKOCUMK8XdFifXt21qHXp2HutK6oppacqPe_tRqtLWd5cJ4e38Z0odQLD8HS2g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEunoto ceremony: from boy to warrior\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUpon circumcision, boys graduated to young warriors popularly known as Morans \u003ci\u003eIlmurran\u003c/i\u003e. The ceremony is held every 10-15 years. It marks a new age-set.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QKJq23pKvOkg5nPqIVLuUG01WGkBDARxrPmP9M-Pt5oNj82ax2sopjw2umRk8dLxdt9gBAZA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA Maasai warrior shield\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMaasai warriors are known for being strong and courageous. Traditionally they protected the cattle and community with long spears and buffalo skin shields, which were decorated in red, white and black dye.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SQKHfCKmc3QhirXebw9vuBMqYcPDZ59DyoLw0k9mjdsMXgFnG2i-tL6dQcKIamDcXrWA8fGw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA Maasai warrior\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Maasai warriors traditionally had braided hair, which is dyed with red ochre. They wore beaded necklaces, ornaments and capes (\u003ci\u003eshukas\u003c/i\u003e) made of cowhide.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R0PYQre3e--n6C4wNrH1EV4_pVyaBGzV0H8w08xgU96QHM_mN5o8LDoFhT-n9wjSPanMFQVw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eImotonyi headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Maasai warrior is portrayed here wearing a \u003ci\u003eImotonyi\u003c/i\u003e headdress, symbolizing that he has been circumcised. The headdress is made of ostrich feathers and cow skin. He is holding a spear and shield.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TrdbgDDmTrg3CxyTXTwqFkUvxX1zzb93IVS0QOe7LzqmigqIaG5xUd45ItxJH8BVYlNbubhg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA sign of bravery\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Maasai warrior is likely to have killed a lion. He is wearing a headdress made of a lions mane symbolizing his bravery.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SbVVKajoKQxeP3IhmA_NaPsQY9eopklfev3xfLF32jRS2CYtzGHW3vYfqFuEXbk0easQrGiQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEmuratare: a girl\u0026#39;s rite of passage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally, as part of an elaborate rite of passage called \u0026#39;Emuratare\u0026#39;, young girls were circumcised around the age of 15. The ceremony initiated young Maasai girls into adulthood and then into early arranged marriages. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe girl in this portrait is wearing a cowrie beads headband (\u003ci\u003eisikira\u003c/i\u003e), which indicates that she has undergone this rite of passage. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Kenya today, female circumcision is illegal and the communities are encouraged to adopt alternative initiation rites which do not involve female genital mutilation.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q7184fV4kGsoQWxL50oHQKxBC_UQDR4q8DKCkQEspqtYM_nv5xWJ7FncEhSnNnSbo5Xzo5Fg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEnkononkoi necklace: a symbol of the passage of rites\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis \u003ci\u003eEnkononkoi\u003c/i\u003e, blue beaded necklace, is strung on a cowhide thong. It was made and worn to show that a woman had many daughters to be circumcised or married. It was also given to men by their fathers as an inheritance.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SC8MnSQqgK4bOonPYCkgfAwlVTgMGoeZg17BJfquq9F7-WbtKk83uyqR0gMYsyYqYqWN3Dy68",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBeautiful ornaments\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePortrayed here is a young woman wearing traditional beaded and metallic ornaments, signifying her age and marital status.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tnke0-EpeA3bHNAjSi6KG3Hn6eq6ZtWZronMqFdebfPtI5RIUAHlcRggKRbJurZMsEWpzPMiA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaasai blanket: a woven identity\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Maasai blanket or \u0026#39;red shuka cloth\u0026#39; is perhaps one of the most recognizable symbols of Kenya and the Maasai identity. Its origin is not known, but it could have arrived with the Scottish missionaries in early 20th century, becoming increasingly popular from the 1960s onwards. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Maasai blanket is dominantly red, and made of strong thread, enabling them to endure the harsh weather.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SVq-c3Xe1aiZewuEAagDalS8UVKnl2nkdfS0K15f3Wt0G1Nol0amLuDAgO-yQLnYy4HUd_",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eJumping dance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally, Maasai warriors are famous for their singing and \u0026#39;jumping dance.\u0026#39; A sign of strength and to impress the unmarried women, the warriors compete to jump the highest.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SmMqDr444jeY6uzIbHldBYhtiqcVOqzaT1MYkofQwyvlQ5UTGD8no_KPJ13_LOXdk0fhUfPdpo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWaist strap for traditional dancing\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis long leather strap was cut from cow skin and decorated with coloured beads. It was made by a skilled crafts-girl and worn around the waist by warriors as an accessory when performing traditional dances.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QHBiNxfrd7vgN8wtY7ffBpjv0N59tdjLd-pjFaQaxAm4FC1Nch219mQaIA1jwlxdT1hA2C",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA blue bracelet\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Maasai are known for making decorative beaded jewelry including necklaces, earrings, headbands, wrist and ankle bracelets.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QyTtR7eUEl1b8q2Dr4EpKKWhx62N9rYDIo5iTukE0QdbcG7NLOG6NkvBXv2DaNR_325PPOtbY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaasai warrior apron\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWorn by Maasai warriors, this apron was made of cow skin and decorated with metal and red, white, yellow, orange, green and blue beads.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rbq1U4_-XhYmkhiWz9Q4bp6-ubK7LWX3dCEdWx2k1JROafshqj01b-eyIN9gqSA86Zunqc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA leather bag with beadwork\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo make this bag, buffalo hide was folded while still wet, and the edges were stitched. When the hide was dry, the hairs were removed using a metal scraper. The bag was used to store food and personal objects.\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"Celebrating Kenya's Cultural Heritage","The Maasai Community"]],["stella.common.cobject","The Kamba Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QiaUU5GYEx9AqwUmf5LPDEMGE9wlgEJVYbXw6sPg3FOCZa0vekUmoNg2kFp0JeMIVJhzz8","/story/ZAVhnBc0pHdLIA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"ZAVhnBc0pHdLIA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kamba are believed to have migrated from the Mount Kilimanjaro area, where they had settled about 1300 AD. From here they moved to Taita and the Mbooni hills between the 15th and 17th centuries. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDue to population pressures, some were forced to migrate and traveled through the plains to the coast, then up to the Tana river through Shimba hills to their current location.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE44SmU0SzV4SFRpR21hTkFveXFXY0MxeVN5b3BjVGxSZVQ3b3FV",288.33207728512986,7.671986187175136,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipN8Je4K5xHTiGmaNAoyqWcC1ySyopcTlReT7oqU\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-7.671986-ya-71.66792-fo114.20402",null,114.2040165034728,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE44SmU0SzV4SFRpR21hTkFveXFXY0MxeVN5b3BjVGxSZVQ3b3FV\u0026sv_f\u003d114.2040165034728\u0026sv_h\u003d288.33207728512986\u0026sv_p\u003d7.671986187175136",null,0,[10,"AF1QipN8Je4K5xHTiGmaNAoyqWcC1ySyopcTlReT7oqU"],"SvInfo:7eb5d1b0-c02a-4797-9779-946297b9fb40"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S4aCbT70gfzafviYzThRNcd2WcIH_giiZ4SY5VXRMWFRKNI2Qsat0A2Wq2uRrJYP8-H0oetBY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming cereal crops, vegetables, and fruits\u003c/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an oval ended digging tool (mutuvu) with a blade. It was made by a Kamba blacksmith from scrap iron. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePreviously, women used it to dig or weed their farms. Such tools are no longer in use today and have been replaced by modern farming tools like hoes and ploughs.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qhyd_0CNpRHkcTSW2Nk3UvzlDXBieb-rjS5pQMEorGBzudY8CzXl3yvNcwHrrvyWpoe1HEoSs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBranding cattle and beehives\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis branding iron has a wooden haft. It was made by hitting the iron into the wooden haft when it was still red-hot. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe owner would have used it for branding his cows or beehive with his chosen special marks, so that they could be easily identified. The iron would be put in fire until it was red hot, and then pressed onto the animal skin or the beehive to imprint the desired mark. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe mark used on beehives would be quite different from the marks branded on cattle. The branding iron may also be used for burning sores on animals.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S_lfvhHGqTT3N9BpscUaQvNIh4xyXxZOuvcBOTdGncIO2pNFoV23pMwoK7l_NOGqfHqq0wc44",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe art of honey harvesting\u003c/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis traditional honey barrel would commonly have been used for storing honey. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt is made of wood, has a cow hide lid and twisted fiber straps. To make it, a tree trunk was cut and made hollow using a tool called a \u003ci\u003emuthatagwe\u003c/i\u003e, then the leather lid straps were added to facilitate carrying of honey.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sgm8GWZMzrrl3ohJfUL1ocKI-YEmM_Ua5Gp2w1kOCVSWVMizHS7IaPCGo8N-LTwQWnReofzg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProtecting the family\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis arrow head was made from scrap metal and fitted on a stick by a blacksmith. It would have been used together with a bow to hunt, and also as a defensive weapon when attacked.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rc191b-djjaZ13wRJhFIiqdDgfGx282AX-D2ApEn3CUf2i_MgNuoySCXxu9vYNPY3hkfzh",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePounding grains\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a pestle (\u003ci\u003eNdii\u003c/i\u003e) and a mortar (\u003ci\u003eMwithi\u003c/i\u003e) made by men. The mortar is made from wood of the \u003ci\u003endii\u003c/i\u003e tree, and the pestle made from the \u003ci\u003emwithi\u003c/i\u003e tree. It was used by women to pound grains before cooking.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RpdNu50ciHe0oAtDNF-TrI7k1gli5xoHLt1Hb7UPz8kGMYC2jugDskWIxTn-1LhdfGNm5_sg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBaskets\u003c/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis basket (\u003ci\u003enthungi/kyondo\u003c/i\u003e) was made by women and girls using strings rolled on the thigh from sisal or \u003ci\u003emuamba\u003c/i\u003e (baobab) bark. The fiber was cut from the tree by young boys before weaving. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe basket has been patterned with strings dyed with red ochre and charcoal, and cowhide straps attached. It was used by women to carry vegetables, fruits, grains and flour from the farms (\u003ci\u003emuunda\u003c/i\u003e) to the market.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TDMpoeQLS5OwoiXJ7Mj_1lvUhLZAkO7E0D3l4O81IsZ7K_HujEU3z1CyYVnQw0eLz2a-lEuA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBoys herding cattle\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a horn (\u003ci\u003emuvy\u0026#39;a\u003c/i\u003e) used as a musical instrument. It was blown by boys and young men when herding cattle and also as a warning of approaching enemies. Two signals were given for dangerous animals and one for human enemies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R-Xube0FzaSRVuQtqRZTApXgrCain3ixrLaOWZrzKBbwAaGJ6LLG2wOPyLYAPxk5hGViDahMQ4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCircumcision\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis circumcision knife has one sharp side, and would have been used by a woman circumciser to circumcise girls.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kamba practiced circumcision for both boys and girls, which was the main initiation to adulthood. Circumcision was known as \u003ci\u003enzaiko\u003c/i\u003e, and the perfomer (usually an old man or woman) was called \u003ci\u003emwaiki\u003c/i\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kamba had two circumcision ceremonies: the first one called \u003ci\u003enzaiko nini\u003c/i\u003e was done when initiates were between 4 and 5 years old. The second one (\u003ci\u003enzaiko nene\u003c/i\u003e) was done at puberty, when the initiates were told the secrets of the community. Only circumcised men and women were allowed to marry and start a family.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eToday circumcision of girls is illegal in Kenya, and communities are encouraged to use alternative initiation practices.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QIy2zaCiZ_A_c7vv5xA3FYGDUlflpnlJpRn4-0qMkWnx32MBcHNNbhBrn_1XTZ46xlrdiI4RM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKamba marriage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKamba marriages were mostly arranged by the parents, but sometimes a man was allowed to choose the woman he wanted to marry. A man who was seeking a wife would choose a woman and ascertain that she was willing to marry him. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen the suitor had made his choice, his father would go to see her father. Should his father have died, a paternal relative took his place. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIf the father of the woman agreed to the marriage, the mother of the man would visit mother of the woman to ensure that she was also satisfied. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThree goats (\u003ci\u003embui sya ntheo\u003c/i\u003e) were then sent to the woman\u0026#39;s father as a sign of commitment and one would be slaughtered. These goats would be sent with a leather halter or strap of cowhide, which would be sent back to the sender as a sign of consent. If the woman\u0026#39;s father had changed his mind, the goats could be returned.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QIy2zaCiZ_A_c7vv5xA3FYGDUlflpnlJpRn4-0qMkWnx32MBcHNNbhBrn_1XTZ46xlrdiI4RM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003ePayment of the bride wealth/ngasia was made according to the wealth of the suitor’s family and the terms of the agreement. Bride price (\u003ci\u003eTheo\u003c/i\u003e) could never be said to be paid in full, because it was considered to last as long as the relationship. There were always one bull and two cows included in the bride price, and a certain number of goats. It was the number of goats that varied according to the agreement. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNowadays, sheep or cash, or a proportion of each, may often take the place of goats. Other requirements include: leather rope (\u003ci\u003emukwa\u003c/i\u003e), a drum containing honey (\u003ci\u003ekithembe kya uki wa nzuki\u003c/i\u003e), bananas, traditonal beer (\u003ci\u003emuatine\u003c/i\u003e), among other items. Small presents to the mother of the bride and other close relatives are also customary at the time of the negotiations. After the bride wealth is paid, she is ceremoniously abducted to her husband’s home.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SzCQsSuTVxgK771InpBNvHsUo4wvXX1Fi5XtKuDbLuqOq7zFLkF3GHHljFqckVBat1-vxN4g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kamba creation story and folklore\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLike other communities the Kamba also has their own traditional creation story. They believed that their god, \u003ci\u003eMulungu\u003c/i\u003e, created a man and woman and placed them on a rock, \u003ci\u003eNzaui\u003c/i\u003e, where their footprints, including those of their livestock, can be seen to this day. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMulungu\u003c/i\u003e then caused a great rainfall. From the many anthills around, a man and a woman came out. These were the initiators of the ‘spirits clan’- the \u003ci\u003eAimo\u003c/i\u003e. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt so happened that the couple from heaven had only sons, while the couple from the anthill had only daughters. Naturally, the couple from heaven paid dowry for the daughters of the couple from the anthill. The family and their cattle greatly increased in numbers. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWith this prosperity, they forgot to give thanks to their creator. \u003ci\u003eMulungu\u003c/i\u003e punished them with a great famine. This led to dispersal as the family scattered in search of food. Some became the Kikuyu, others the Meru, while some remained as the original people, the Kamba.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tzf7sYSpx5UV9YSZfChjsVVcZ31Yh9luZxwUtlwpXajdGrWWFnbm5-fjuDGgvrGGzM-_JE_1I",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSyokimau: the powerful prophetess of the Kamba\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLong before the coming of the white man, possession of supernatural powers was greatly revered by Kenyan tribes. Among these tribes, only a few individuals could rival Syokimau of the Kamba in prophetic powers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSyokimau was born and raised in Iveti Hills, near what is now Machakos, in the 1800s. Besides being a prophetess, she was a great medicine woman. Her people held her in high regard because it is claimed that she could predict if other communities such as the Maasai and the Kikuyu would attack, giving Kamba warriors enough time to prepare to defend themselves.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RWWfP88yiephgGb_HgXpxCQr1AgufpHxxNQ7WPswGvUQLC7ItfKVz80ZbPxaDCqmPHos3Tew",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eShe is said to be the greatest Kamba prophetess that ever lived because she prophesied the coming of the White men, and the building of the railway line, with unmatched accuracy. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn her prophecy she saw a long snake spitting fire and smoke as it moved from one water to another. People came out of it, their skin like white meat and their words nonsensical like the chirping of the birds. In their pockets, she said, they carried fire with them, everywhere they went. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eForetold somewhere in the mid-1800s, her prophesy about the coming of the White men was probably before all the prophets that followed in later years. She also foretold the coming of a generation that would behave in strange ways. This generation would talk like weaverbirds, claim to be wiser, and break traditions. They would do things that were considered taboos. Surprisingly, they would even build houses on top of one another!\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RWWfP88yiephgGb_HgXpxCQr1AgufpHxxNQ7WPswGvUQLC7ItfKVz80ZbPxaDCqmPHos3Tew",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eIn the 20th century, her prophesy did come to pass. The long snake that spit fire and smoke was the Kenya-Uganda railway line, which began at the coast in Mombasa near the Indian Ocean. The railway snaked across the land to the then Port Florence (now Kisumu), home of the Lake Victoria. The strange people with skin like white meat were the White people, the colonialists, and their so-called nonsensical words were the English language. The strange generation that was prophesied is our generation. We have, after all, built houses on top of other houses – all the skyscrapers we now see.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSyokimau died in mysterious circumstances that even her people could not explain. Her tribesmen claimed that she died and was resurrected twice, before dying for good the third time.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was later said that Syonguu wa Kathukya, another prophetess from Athi River, was so amazed at her prophesy that she named the place that is now called Syokimau after her. There is a statue of Syokimau at the new Syokimau Standard Gauge Railway station to celebrate this great Kamba prophetess and medicine woman.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RfTWaGsFdY_sa-Hze40QvmLOMUHQDMR4eniWw4IPN5uMfQO7iBT8E_J6bS8T-6q8mESZ_0qg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA healing gourd cup\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis calabash (\u003ci\u003ekwausia\u003c/i\u003e) was made and used by a medicine man. It was tied to a medicine man\u0026#39;s bag with a rope. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA patient would drink medication from this calabash after it had been swilled around him/her. This medicine/charm was also used to treat women having difficulties with childbirth.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q_kzdI47e__weBD9OgkgwjESxghGnDq3gLEBMqzVc-2iaTBCPxCvsHCw8VlsEzej_p3TKaCw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSnake antidote\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis root from the \u003ci\u003endonga\u003c/i\u003e tree was used by Kamba people as an antidote for snake bites.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qznh6uVjTwx2LsEplkd62uRsP3OlOy-kycWSWStSVBdvy4kVwpxpBfDCg-Mr6Vk9bdAIGLjgw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA charm for protection\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a bag made from a male goat skin, a serval cat tail, a pointed piece of wood with a hole in it, and a cord made from the \u003ci\u003emuthaalwa\u003c/i\u003etree. It was made by a specialist, and used by old married men as a charm to protect their homestead and livestock.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QA6Clva-9ZGkTbFu_Zcngp0rkWe14WO2JHyCpJVi8EJjRh8KounIyJV5PdGdnvxr_2QDtgGg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKilumi: the Kamba spiritual dance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the Kamba\u0026#39;s worship of spirits, dancing was an important feature, whether it was to heal someone possessed with a troublesome spirit, or to voluntarily get into communication with the spirit-world, to ask the spirits about something one wanted to know. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKilume was a spiritual dance, performed by the medicine man/woman. It was believed that the dance appeased the spirits, causing the troublesome spirit to leave. Musical instruments used during the dance included the drum, and beaded necklaces with aluminium bells to create rhythm.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RTSMgKJcXTjiLpcotiawHfx9hWrvJk-maoINUM-a8U2rjpaEWzo2fjgAX8f5Xl7Q2wkMo1tQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBeer: an old-man\u0026#39;s drink\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a piece of \u003ci\u003ekigelia\u003c/i\u003e fruit, used in making beer (\u003ci\u003euki\u003c/i\u003e).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Kamba tradition, beer was only taken by old men during ceremonies and leisure time. The traditional beer was made from sugar-cane juice, \u003ci\u003emwatine\u003c/i\u003e fruits and honey. The brewing process took a couple of days to ferment and be ready to drink.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sz_wpIcCiiWKRLCyjT9YZMzsd-hOW2fNAxF0M7HwTbDL5HC31HeXBWniS6apR7rBPAev-0jg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSnuff\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a snuff container with a wooden stopper. It has a cross hatched design scratched in squares and lines of triangles. It was used by both old men and women for holding snuff.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSnuff is made from tobacco (\u003ci\u003ekumbatu\u003c/i\u003e) leaves. The leaves are fermented, dried and ground before use. Snuff was used by old Kamba men and women for leisure.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Kisii Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SrQVHDruy-3ZNkTPQ7R8vojXl4ZCs1YE4l9LlQnTcqcEoBTF65bPDWXtvXIW_OmCAh7MwiGA","/story/SwXBbo_fCDvzLQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"SwXBbo_fCDvzLQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QgJ4okdMAVf-uzY1XJzFRzLyqmwBa6OlgHMttJNhxUtQhQcKFYRFDWLnPIwPIeFoZDKApBun8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCultural influences through migration\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kisii are believed to have entered western Kenya from Uganda. They later moved from the foothills of Mount Elgon, settled for a while in the Kano Plains, then migrated to their present settlement in Kisii and Nyamira counties.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFrom Mount Elgon to Kisii and Nyamira counties\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the course of their migration, the Kisii are believed to have interacted with, and borrowed cultural aspects from, the Maasai, Kuria, Luo and Kipsigis.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE1INlp0dUNadlNWOEFfVFljZ0ZqcS1fR3NrS1FHNExtWDIxNVhH",83.94615511608148,8.18099107734814,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMH6ZtuCZvSV8A_TYcgFjq-_GskKQG4LmX215XG\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-8.180991-ya83.94615-fo120.83381",null,120.8338116312587,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE1INlp0dUNadlNWOEFfVFljZ0ZqcS1fR3NrS1FHNExtWDIxNVhH\u0026sv_f\u003d120.8338116312587\u0026sv_h\u003d83.94615511608148\u0026sv_p\u003d8.18099107734814",null,0,[10,"AF1QipMH6ZtuCZvSV8A_TYcgFjq-_GskKQG4LmX215XG"],"SvInfo:376caa4d-4fab-452c-9097-d713f89da43d"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TgUBHOMBz6UOPkhreOhG7AzsdvFadr4CuvKk7q95aaXhoxuRVjU8XaEqBHc07SrFmHbnNjM_U",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePolitical structure: the clan\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally each clan had a clan leader who was in charge of making decisions on behalf of the clan. The family head was responsible for making the daily decisions in and around his homestead.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Quqgk0Pp5qHno2tnoiAlAUL23SgrD_lkiZBivRjAd_-INCAMPHZzrKZvcpEIMgxxi8v1A4HUwB",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Chiniangi initiation ceremony\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAmongst the Kisii, initiations were gender-segregated, and the operations performed by female and male circumcisors. There was a period of seclusion for both genders. The circumcision rite involved training the initiates to know rules of shame (\u003ci\u003echinsoni\u003c/i\u003e) and respect (\u003ci\u003eogosika\u003c/i\u003e). Girls were circumcised at the age of seven or eight, and boys a few years later. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Kenya today, female circumcision is illegal and communities are encouraged to adopt alternative initiation practices.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TbiHlRChl5bNcyT2HBYqOtm4xyQajR6CNE5YSEuwdkEsQmXkYlXuQVuSz9e-epAUrSTGMBJg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEgetinti chain\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGirls wore this beaded chain, called \u003ci\u003eEgetinti\u003c/i\u003e on their heads during the initiation ceremony. It was also used in rites to make an imaginary animal called \u003ci\u003eEnyamweri\u003c/i\u003e, at whose ceremony girls acquired maiden names.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TIfIezCeaw-Ea2ohW0f3RuE9gK2ISkRROMfQt4dhtywRwR210N8aZQg4qZVH4dpOWRnFrS4S4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBells for dancing\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCircumcised girls would wear these iron bells on the day they made their first public appearance after seclusion. They were also used during \u003ci\u003eribina\u003c/i\u003e ceremonies (a dance for attracting rain), and during funeral dances.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SP2Awz_OVsqmuyfhb8kJM7UqiywspU6LL8x1k2ANxiS2lKAz2s8bl5kVNaVBzBp-Qx16_Fvg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarriage traditions\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditional marriage was established through the payment of bride wealth in the form of livestock and money. Bride wealth was paid by the husband to the wife\u0026#39;s family. This act established a socially approved marriage. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally, divorces were rare and required the return of the bride wealth. Upon the death of a husband, the widow chose a husband from among the dead man\u0026#39;s brothers.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePictured is a conical headdress \u003ci\u003e(ekiore)\u003c/i\u003e with radial rows of cowries or cowhide base. It was worn during special ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SP2Awz_OVsqmuyfhb8kJM7UqiywspU6LL8x1k2ANxiS2lKAz2s8bl5kVNaVBzBp-Qx16_Fvg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAncestral spirits and funerals\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kisii believe in ancestral spirits. In the past, displeased ancestral spirits were believed to be responsible for diseases, the death of people and livestock, and the destruction of crops.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kisii conduct funerals at the departed person\u0026#39;s homestead, where a large gathering is a sign of prestige. Christian elements, such as catechism-reading and hymn-singing, are combined with the traditional practices of wailing, head-shaving, and animal sacrifices.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Ru1SgMLt1dYEUwdTNOoxqrpNleWqI8rw1_NzqUKTpt84vRO9xt9jg1nTjn3eq32ELHsvHCpA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHelpful tool for farming: obokombe\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUsed for farming, this hoe (\u003ci\u003eobokombe\u003c/i\u003e) was made by a blacksmith from iron ore. The iron was heated and hit into shape on a stone, then attached to a wooden handle made from wood of the \u003ci\u003eekebago\u003c/i\u003e tree.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Th649hupegV_svMlRK1suvl4efaaHYj0-5LBK2qC65l-MNs94MEVSC-9-uQ0m1DnI1uINAGRs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTraditionally, men protected the community and went hunting\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUsed by male adults during war and hunting, this arrow and quiver (\u003ci\u003eEkibariri emigwimade\u003c/i\u003e) is made of leather and \u003ci\u003eebisiringi\u003c/i\u003e wood.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tr3sS2c7lCdO-X3qdGozQfL-k0RIv2IynSUW1PyOXM9X4kgzm-mB1xfWlWvUzzFqnY7gCIAdnS",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe bow and arrow: obota and chiniago\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe bleeding bow and arrow were made from wood of the \u003ci\u003eeketubi\u003c/i\u003e tree, and were used to draw blood from the animals which the Kisii used for food.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RB3MV-9jQs0j_mKYbQufcmhInNTO0_Fo1RqsZNtR_HYDV8SoEvuraGDSovEhQoatktHBt_",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSkilled blacksmiths: ekoiyo\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis adze (\u003ci\u003eekoiyo\u003c/i\u003e) is made of a bent wooden haft fitted with an iron metal head. It was used for carving wooden objects such as stools and mortars. Traditionally, smithing was reserved for men, and blacksmiths became wealthy and influential.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RchS9bq77etA0zciLuBUoGZ4B9uSmy9EzKMWSJoZk0N1ClBpe_6NKKNqmvkuGgYAJ5NXhVP-o",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCraftsmanship: soapstone carvings\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eToday, the Kisii soapstone carvings have received international recognition. The stone is mined and carved in Tabaka, South Mugirango, where several families specialize in this art. The craft attracts tourists and generates income for the community.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RTi--tt-snG_Zllzy86DHVP8O1Y-M0c_pf0UnPjTPPfoSb0xfrHT3N_8fmDW_L_G9RRIqrHww",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCarrying farm produce\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis basket was used to carry food from the farm to the market.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QPFhkkd-1m7l1G43pCE-es5WsJwWEVBh8e2B1jDKfH72gyjy40F8tWQepeMcniirhAk_Z7srs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA beer straw\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis long beer straw was used for drinking traditional beer from a communal pot. The straw \u003ci\u003eorogore\u003c/i\u003e was cut from wood of the \u003ci\u003eomonyankore\u003c/i\u003e tree, then hollowed using a wire.\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"Kisii Culture: A Celebration of Kenya's Heritage","Explore the rich history and traditions of one of Kenya's most vibrant communities"]],["stella.common.cobject","The Taita Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sqr0f5qBRhTT_CTk-cHoAt4SOJ-Q8AxvJOkDjOq6LHqbkSNHIkOTwDOXkfOpHOvF30B7d8gw","/story/jQXRqt3He9KKLw",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"jQXRqt3He9KKLw"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement of the Taita\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Taita are believed to have migrated from Central Africa alongside other coastal Bantu communities, who went north to Shungwaya. Due to attacks from Cushitic communities, the Taita migrated south to the Taita Hills.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE5CSndlMVBkQV8yQURxQ09fX2M5STlkbVJ1bjdVVUpKSzNlU2R3",162.82281951185004,9.82840880850165,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNBJwe1PdA_2ADqCO__c9I9dmRun7UUJJK3eSdw\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-9.828409-ya15.82282-fo88.22727",null,88.22727123590164,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE5CSndlMVBkQV8yQURxQ09fX2M5STlkbVJ1bjdVVUpKSzNlU2R3\u0026sv_f\u003d88.22727123590164\u0026sv_h\u003d162.82281951185004\u0026sv_p\u003d9.82840880850165",null,147,[10,"AF1QipNBJwe1PdA_2ADqCO__c9I9dmRun7UUJJK3eSdw"],"SvInfo:45867f41-1f8b-45be-9a9b-77047447d0e7"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QtFiz3qiax2Kd-ft56gj9b0V_PxLzPdaAA67i3TON4Mldyd_5NKo_ffc5h0ad4XZ72rQ6A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMulungu, Milimu, and the sacred Taita Hills\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Taita believed in one supreme God, \u003ci\u003eMulungu\u003c/i\u003e, and ancestral spirits (\u003ci\u003eMilimu\u003c/i\u003e), whom they called upon in times of calamity and misfortune. Evidence of their worship and sacrificial remains has been found in caves in Taita Hills.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RauzcMTlSuALdFFVGIR4A960bl6FBoYl7mIdZoXCRb3Ck2uICW0KOIKSJVG5zg3dU-zx8DUQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eElders and leadership\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLeadership among the Taita was based on territorial allegiances. The three main regions are \u003ci\u003eDawida\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eSagala\u003c/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eKasigau\u003c/i\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SlpfXH-IjVB-YvkhISpP45ah5NUiDsiC7LpUK_uuYCqMTgr4MCEsdRBPzppmOcpleWGLHM_ClJ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe elders and the headmen\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere were two types of authorities: the headmen and the elders. Once appointed, a headman couldn\u0026#39;t be deposed, and on his death he would be succeeded by one of his sons who was approved by the people.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_So3vPx37BDfRvllqlYJcLEgqLS_7wyutphZiI3PCb2OKZjDvq8tYIL3YbPy-nBxZC5w8bCBg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDivision of labour\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLike almost all the agricultural societies in Kenya, the Taitas\u0026#39; traditional division of labour delegated the clearing of land to the men and the cultivation to women. Harvesting was done by men or women, depending on the crop. Men maintained the irrigation scheme.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R1PtvsiGX1YlaTdWKpPdrFp8KsoaaaV19AMBanS4JnbDeqkMkOXPAzUrZR_Hrb3AePxT8BtQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe main task of the headman was to preside over the council of elders. The concerns brought before the council included cases of debt, conflict between lineage and villages over land and water rights, marriage questions, matters to do with cattle, as well as criminal offenses.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TmLENYPP7JSNdaYxsgeD3OAA03tnTPGGbkvawpPijIUPANNYUi00Ipicwy9AZxTf9o8CnVa78",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe initiation of girls and boys\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally, circumcision of girls was done between the first week after birth and two to three months of age. It was believed that wounds bled less and healed faster at an early age. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Kenya today, female circumcision is illegal and the communities are encouraged to adopt alternative initiation rites which do not involve female genital mutilation.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tuk_zT1E2vFNb3d1VDNoJqO2m_lB2jKGhASmcFaZo_N6VOkDTuMwC4r0OeYepBYVHIJRbVBw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBoys\u0026#39; initiation\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCircumcision of boys was done between the ages of eight and twelve in a ritual ceremony that took place in the homestead. A second initiation for both boys and girls was done years later, to initiate them from childhood to adulthood.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T_Bm6h_BGqWBG2s-0YJAWCIOmrSvlc8wVhsSYeqVQGMMg769XAxiBkvB6tZoLAP2IigUOr3g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe second initiation: Ngasu and Mwari\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHere they were given \u0026#39;the secrets of the society\u0026#39;. Boys’ seclusion was called \u003ci\u003eNgasu\u003c/i\u003e, while for girls it was called \u003ci\u003eMwari\u003c/i\u003e. They were both taught their roles separately. After the training period, a girl would be deemed ready for marriage.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RhW_bdM27R51w1jp-Kg3eqPbGckvlGql7-kK_zGbUnE686UJYUmNO7EPD84bm9J4bYTU4XBw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026#39;Malaika\u0026#39; love song\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMembers of the Taita community are talented musicians. The late Fadhili Williams, known for his international hit song \u0026#39;Malaika\u0026#39;, was one of many recent Taita musicians.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TJSRS2aa7Bx-BYMh_pwZ9xakO7YjbVbSw2e5qKDDAw74MMkfjpRCPRAzSC2uF9ChlJhgv79g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBeer gourds\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA long narrow and a small round gourd with a hole on the side and at the top. These were cut by old men, using a knife, and washed out with water and small stones. The long gourd was for drinking beer while the other was for pouring.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qk7qD2G6VRA-DIrNMppPc3RgXUUS7-IYVStDtqwi38PHhlXCyesZkjtC_MS4FeFJnI6OrfSQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSnuff container\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a snuff container (\u003ci\u003eLwembe\u003c/i\u003e) made of wood cut from the \u003ci\u003emwaghare\u003c/i\u003e tree by an old man, and used to keep snuff.\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"Celebrating the Taita Community","A rich history and culture"]],["stella.common.cobject","The Tharaka Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qe2EsTfuNuJWDmwbfeucnx10FcSx97kUml909sFlQl3nSPEYklIfoBLESEVFxwKxcqKICI","/story/CwWBMhEi2AShKw",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"CwWBMhEi2AShKw"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement: from Congo to the Tana River\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTheir history of migration dates back to the spread of the Bantu people from Congo, where the Tharaka remained near the river and the rest settled in the Meru County.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE1faDI5eFA5T1VHMHctOFRjTS1PbWRMaUt4VUVEWTFhOVRvcDlH",166.76220601288514,6.6194524140727395,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipM_h29xP9OUG0w-8TcM-OmdLiKxUEDY1a9Top9G\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-6.6194525-ya-54.237793-fo90.02576",null,90.02576055235268,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE1faDI5eFA5T1VHMHctOFRjTS1PbWRMaUt4VUVEWTFhOVRvcDlH\u0026sv_f\u003d90.02576055235268\u0026sv_h\u003d166.76220601288514\u0026sv_p\u003d6.6194524140727395",null,221,[10,"AF1QipM_h29xP9OUG0w-8TcM-OmdLiKxUEDY1a9Top9G"],"SvInfo:2225356b-7678-4718-8ab3-9c949e8b2aae"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SZKal0asEXtEwOk4OJfHuuYzXBYbz4R-PquEGbTaYdhxaOD0o7kWmceoVOxP8t8GhxvjxD1-o",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExperience the Tharaka culture at Meru National Park\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eToday you can experience the Tharaka culture at the annual Ura-Gate Tharaka Cultural Festival. You can also visit Nairobi National Museum or Meru Museum for more information about their history.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QxPLMeMplmQrbwsz7ZWBPxxpvdDEQc8oh-qeBJu_kpcFYhy1vnXbCkTdJB2E6PouGJXWzqxu8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe power of Kibuka\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to legend, Kibuka was the Tharaka’s spiritual leader – a medicine man, diviner and rain maker. He provided the Tharaka warriors with charms in wars to protect them from enemies during combat. His eldest son led the Tharaka battalions in every war. In several instances the son was killed, but was resurrected by the power of charms marked on his abdomen by his father.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QJEWv6KqlRCR9VDT7WfhC1h5RXTjUvHERA7malZF3HAZ1IXn3ZN5jZH7B_qY_MyCqFled0gA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe magic horn and Kibuka\u0026#39;s shrine\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOne time, a Tharaka traitor revealed to the enemy the power of the charm on the son’s abdomen. When the enemy killed him, they gouged out the charm from the abdomen, killing him completely. The charm was a magic horn (rugoci). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe murder of his son enraged Kibuka so greatly that he cursed the Tharaka and left his residence, a shrine. The shrine is said to be near Kibuka Primary School in Tunyai, Tharaka County.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QCrPgYtt0iGpHW6kDYhp-ywgp3CiU3hA8SerEmmRrmieqerS_OKZ0RgRVKedV5MBhJvhEjuz4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe council of elders\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe council of elders (kiama) was the judicial authority of the community. They were responsible for ensuring law and order, decision-making, religion, and administration.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TXpuM9I3bmF6W9tAV9UCQeWxJ2lwzGs47LYRsgjpv50QAgF5X70qHviuehFRlDs_xUwKc2",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWitchcraft\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Tharaka also believed in the power of the witch doctor. They were considered elite and believed to possess knowledge of medicines and spiritual matters. People would come to them to foretell the future, and for healing. They also had the power to cause misfortune to others, which only another witch could cure. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe primary apparatus of the witch doctors consisted of a series of gourds/calabashes, roots, barks and leaves, cow horns, charm ornaments, totems of snail and sea shells and, the most common, the fly whisk.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S5QX_AXjvNJZPvRFAEV6-b5At0Gn1Cg_zBN8rP4KOR7IJmEMRLDqGK_lNWlqTxXyXnPiZhzAY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCircumcision: the pathway to marriage and adulthood\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAmong the Tharaka, circumcision was an important event in every young person\u0026#39;s life. Boys and girls were circumcised at the onset of puberty. They were circumcised and categorized according to seasons. Boys circumcised in the same season were considered “muntu wa nthuke yeetu” (a fellow initiate of the same season).\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RT2RvA8IKK4DZwItgJSRynctH2R1EkESsUDwmpLcuHqREB-Z1Mo7rQDtKzed0Z3oEvK5fdQho",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFrom boy to warrior\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis shield was used during the circumcision ceremony. After the boys had been circumcised, they would be deemed ready for war and marriage.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QyBcVakaynz8yw4qNmc20yxNtFYYQhF6kNsCIdm9YndJNhB8RFy5dDMR-YbOniPOTwm0drHmE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarriage and courtship\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMarriage was an important and long ceremonious process for the Tharaka. A young man who wished to marry informed his parents, who would then take honey beer (uki bwa kuromba mwariki) to the girl’s parents to express their interest. If the girl’s parents accepted the beer, then the courtship and engagement process began. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally, a bride was required to be a virgin and stay in the mother-in-law\u0026#39;s hut for at least four months of the engagement period before moving in with the groom. The purpose of this was to find out if the girl was of sound moral standing by observing her.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RCIbzw8q2kLWhyZ5enN1pZEAF7KrDTdKYR65s_qd4DWmaI3KLOoU8mjvzKjxcgwgitX0TKQQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe price of the bride\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally the Tharaka were polygamous. The bride price constituted five cattle or sixty goats for the first wife; three cattle or thirty goats for the second wife. After the bride price has been calculated and paid to the bride’s father, the marriage was celebrated with a feast at the husband’s home.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe bride would wear a triangular leather apron embroidered with cowrie shells and suspended from the neck, reaching the waist, during her wedding ceremony.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SvZWecv4piNLu-oPczvIi-JmdhvOutf2Fj9Kbqv-V7sebppxvvXVBgmy1RwjOHtbNiFSgdBXPq",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNthuku worn by married women\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eNthuku\u003c/i\u003e were armlets worn above the elbow by married women who have delivered their first born. A special man (\u0026#39;\u003ci\u003emutungi\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39;) would wind this around a woman\u0026#39;s arm.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q9TtWAnyCZCOUBpgEQPZHXuEZHmel3-KfyTkSLjj07cDWQQw8NjjBhENYIizLwk35SYFaT",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCattle keeping\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eGonia\u003c/i\u003e is a cowbell made by a local blacksmith. It was tied around a cow\u0026#39;s neck when the herders go to graze. The sound it produced helped the Tharaka herders to track the location of the cattle when they went astray.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TleDyDwKkd3YsTRzJea2R0FGKfLJoUxiLQthzyxfOCzgsRJMP9C_LbxJI7WCHimSFji4w2Cl26",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMurigi\u003c/i\u003e is a rake used in the fields. It was made from wood of the \u003ci\u003euthigira\u003c/i\u003e tree. The fork end was used to toss away brushwood while the hook on its end was used for pulling.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RJk-qiBGyU2V9joK6BRJg_1N8P_UeBOhVpnsBa9kq42E-ZFvJBtimLIJp4zWRcRKDtoVHigEU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBee keeping\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003ePogoro\u003c/i\u003e is a stick cut and used by men for hanging bee hives up on trees.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tz_0tZCeakf92CLweavXX6OHbF_Dl8fwbyoOmbyzfyAa7TxmsbkgSaDRmG42XWQ_8bOOVkJo74",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eMukanda wa baagu umuraya uta kujika\u003c/i\u003e (Your father has a long unfoldable rope).\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_STBacVAczU4rosyyogMJPXmLDDM6_9yIK-PqN_7qN_ZILQopaAn0pqOd5-MSCWlPvLTVU-rQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e Answer:\u003c/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eNi njira\u003c/i\u003e (It\u0026#39;s a pathway).\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Kuria Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QfqoRVm2BVCYAihbht_cFoJvbxaam4g1HirZ4RAjGWnlDwkxSFXJxBmPbJSouibnmLiwYC","/story/nAWhmVwhw1XDIg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"nAWhmVwhw1XDIg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement of the Kuria\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kuria do not have a common historical background. Their traditions indicate that they are related with the Abalogoli of the Abaluyia and the Kisii communities, who trace their dispersal point to Mount Elgon region.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFnJQZ0dKVHpFZzJydE5PR29OQW9hSGc\u003d",268.60141084048723,-13.213968526449335,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003drPgGJTzEg2rtNOGoNAoaHg\u0026heading\u003d-91.39858915951277\u0026pitch\u003d-13.213968526449335\u0026fov\u003d90.0\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003d2xnASCf-jxa1EXGmqkowqx1aMfg",null,90,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFnJQZ0dKVHpFZzJydE5PR29OQW9hSGc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d90.0\u0026sv_h\u003d268.60141084048723\u0026sv_p\u003d-13.213968526449335",null,null,[2,"rPgGJTzEg2rtNOGoNAoaHg"],"SvInfo:3343dde4-0a47-41fd-897e-cbb36e8396da"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qdg0Zfcb1j3UPYkCPlmavBjaTssDjXlkU2dPJ36HjpES5zvGFpew0t14eKYfpyVXsHiC6I4Ro",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCultivating the farm\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a wooden hoe. It was made from wood of the \u003ci\u003eomobagai\u003c/i\u003e tree and used for cultivating the farm.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QuFIAarcqV9tHWe8uXgS47sz7OlAMSLzQVWKPB60J4OBJVYq1F_t7KhbXNV_l0BJRDQpa9vg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHarvesting farm produce\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis \u003ci\u003eEgekebe\u003c/i\u003e (harvesting knife) was made by a blacksmith from scrap iron. It was used by both men and women for reaping millet and other grains, and for peeling cassava.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TooYwoI0Ee5HFHhqxZFEL3H7bXIs607gB20ipCZFH4Ai4jATRlldcd7Tbizip8lxKt6Zpc2AXR",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe roles of Kuria men\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMen were the primary decision makers, and were responsible for providing for and protecting the community. They built houses and cattle enclosures, herded cattle, cleared land for agriculture, hunted, farmed, and instructed the young warriors on defending the community.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis knobkerrie \u003ci\u003e(irungu)\u003c/i\u003e was made by men using wood from the \u003ci\u003eomotaburo\u003c/i\u003e tree. It was used as a weapon and for killing small animals.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S0VCqtRqTZ82zaF2pjSMMg2OCblAO1ReKFN5FCWjM9lmzZOoPiR_pwCpA2SbQT2q9r8mol",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInyonga\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a water pot made by old women specialists. It would be placed on three stones to keep water cool.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kuria women moulded pots, plates and dishes used for storing grains, drinking water, milk, porridge, cooking, carrying water from the river and for brewing local beer. The women also cared for the family in all instances, farmed and made tools or equipment for the household.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rjc5O_vvuFqwWdmSLYi6rpXNf876MsaP63PGORLe3bjuihA34Og2-NEw0wk9zBA2L6D3AbUg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIhuri\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis beater was made by male specialists from the wood of the \u003ci\u003eUmuhuru\u003c/i\u003e tree. It was cut with an adze and finished off with a knife. It was used by women to beat the grain when removing it from the stalk.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RmWZ0Qkx7nV2bBefqWIJ1KhRTLPjL_pZOMzYkONfURHFYsIfA7sUiRuFnqtaSdTxbXkWFIdxs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRuhongo\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a winnowing tray. It was made by male weavers and used by women for winnowing millet \u003ci\u003e(wimbi)\u003c/i\u003e. The twigs were usually obtained from the forests, kept outside for a day, and then weaved by specialists. Women then plastered the inside with cow dung so \u003ci\u003ewimbi\u003c/i\u003e flour would not stick in between strands.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R7Ju0RciQFqYbpJ0DsBwqV73GqdCKXXzY2qh_b1oXTFsC3oVAg_8LjT_MC4Z9UJsOiRy0yZw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDancing mask\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis mask would be made of cow skin. It was used by men for the \u003ci\u003eIsubo\u003c/i\u003e dance to admit old men into elderhood. It is stuck with red lucky beans and feathers for eyebrows and has a feather surround.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RqyWd000Ykwvjeo__rX84Lryz7JOijl75iy1xcM2UiHIWuoQGg5UDVKbh9hUKjLQcp9Yl_wQg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe saro ritual\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAmongst the Kuria, graduation from childhood to adulthood was traditionally known as \u0026#39;saro\u0026#39; and initiates got to join an age set (esaro).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis ritual was marked with circumcision for both boys and girls. When a girl was married, her age set group was changed to that of her husband, as no one was allowed to marry from the same age-set.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a painting of a Kuria circumcised boy wearing an elaborate skirt, which indicates that he had recently undergone circumcision and was in seclusion.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Kenya today, female circumcision is illegal and communities are encouraged to adopt alternative initiation practices that do not involve female genital mutilation (FGM).\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SS2k_nlCW66KXDdVHgzNysgv3z05kI6eE2IPv4zE9R64h4uGY94r7dCbT3at_qWJuQq7UxgpHJ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarriage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally, when a Kuria young man found a suitable girl to marry, he was expected to pay twenty to twenty five cows as bride wealth to the bride\u0026#39;s family. If he was unable to afford this, his family members would contribute one cow each to make up the total number. A man was accorded respect depending on the number of wives he had. A traditional Kuria wedding ceremony was characterized by a great feast, songs, dance and merry-making.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMandara\u003c/i\u003e was a headband made and worn by married and unmarried women for dancing. The beads are threaded on sisal fiber.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TDfz_MkulxEYU2Okv47xOaklKM5zEK1xKKILBuJgAateyzyELNdQAUi8qtKwEni2TpUYOkbIhj",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarriage between women\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kuria had a quasi-matriarchal system, which allowed barren women of means to marry younger women in order to have children.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe older woman would invite a younger woman into her home, who would choose (often in secret) a male partner to biologically father her children. The children were brought up by the two women without the involvement of the father or the older woman\u0026#39;s husband. The older woman could be a widow or single women who lived like a male elder – attending to light business affairs. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a wooden milking bowl made of \u003ci\u003eumuhuru\u003c/i\u003e wood, and used by women and children.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sb5pg27Zle8XaOoAzChqdPXSO6x1hGta0B_yG5QliALuezh9y4W56NtVGSpN5WebaptUsECcU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Isubo ceremony\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis dancing platform is made of wood cut from the \u003ci\u003emutembe\u003c/i\u003e tree and curved using an adze and knife. It was used by young men during a grand traditional dance called \u003ci\u003eIsubo\u003c/i\u003e. The platforms were attached to the feet by cow hide thongs. This fastened them firmly to the feet so the wearer could stamp and jump freely in the heat of the dance. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eIsubo\u003c/i\u003e was an important ceremony for initiating old men to ritual elders. During the ceremony, all the young men within the community brought beer, cows, goats or sheep. It cost a great deal as fifty cows would be slaughtered for the feast.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R1K0hkVCcHkj70sApbiOs06tTp4WaWr3Y6SQGVK6eNQZXxK7zh_DkXok_S77FXHdBcvD5vhg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn ostrich shell used to cover the navel\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHalf an \u003ci\u003eIriseresegwe\u003c/i\u003e (ostrich shell) made by fathers for their circumcised daughters. Inside are seeds and beeswax. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis was used by circumcised girls only to cover their navels at dances. The navel was never to be seen by outsiders as it was considered very bad luck for the girl.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Pokomo Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TtUfWQXanYHp95ztERieRbzY5XVS57u9lfMObCT8brtPjgnazuXYhWm6JZHkx-m2f1E293R74","/story/CAXBQ3O8jTQMKQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"CAXBQ3O8jTQMKQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q9eQFFqx7x_6baZRhC1zkM0ZV8PQKoCGZzVH2_7bAnxTgmSy8mR-TufFIIi4k9LsQxgZK_lFg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Pokomo migrated from Shungwaya in southern Somalia (Jubaland) and occupied the Tana River valley stretching from the Tana Delta to north-eastern Kenya. The Tana River therefore is an important source of the Pokomo livelihood.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SF6Bmb9LMj-ic5T1KmhHtwbPlCZUPr3WkS0xhnf1RCtprpyZoN5-TtY8DfgGtviFHPh2fp4A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMusical instruments\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWood and string are the main materials used to make this musical instrument, \u0026#39;Gita\u0026#39;. The wood is cut with a panga and shaped using an adze and a knife. The string is made from manila, bought from shops in Hola. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt is played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb or fingernails of the right or left hand.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QaJPJLpM6azLXwLoib4apGaNfmqgyuamsDmE7zHpEUZZQ1lykJwwHSr6KsI1gPmvq21xa_",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDrums played by bachelors\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a drum (\u003ci\u003eMaribe\u003c/i\u003e), made of wood from the \u003ci\u003eMakuyu\u003c/i\u003e tree. It is used for young people dancing, and is only played by bachelors.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TKYOoT-znJul_W6ib_xPfJdoYVKU97fJXieLM6_jkOzyE5_B3vfGgyNvu1VLeuVcnfC-29WvM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFish trap\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a cone shaped Pokomo fish trap made using straight branches of the \u003ci\u003epongoyo\u003c/i\u003e tree. The branches were cut and arranged inwards, leaving an opening for fish to enter. The Pokomo men used such traps for fishing in the River Tana.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qo03usqigqemRPZGvEBpgWGSUSF7N_iiQtPEbs5g-JkXlxBMBMJ2VoiWyc41cA40at3LCChg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese hoes (\u003ci\u003egembe\u003c/i\u003e) were made from scrap iron. The metal was heated and beaten on an anvil with a hammer. The metal was then fitted with a stick, cut from wood of the mpini tree, attached together using palm fruit (\u003ci\u003enkongo\u003c/i\u003e) pods. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMen and women used such hoes for cultivating shambas and planting crops.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SBHI4ecadsuIUrKW3wHzuvLlbF6nKciJMB1R5vcmlK_lMrJ9JcTXJy7rhMC9KZIv841rbNWA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLeadership\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAuthority was based on territorial allegiance, and lineage elders were given prominence. Village elders (\u003ci\u003ewazee\u003c/i\u003e) preside over the council of elders (\u003ci\u003emoro\u003c/i\u003e). It was considered a taboo for women, young men and children to enter the council house (\u003ci\u003emoro\u003c/i\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QTBVqAkMJ1mWKINGjR1tcJfA2clzJF70iM6dwXVBIQ-Nylc1JWYI8PTUPNqVx8H8AMeiQd6f8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eJustice system\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kijo, another Council of Elders had power to excommunicate, imprison and execute those who are found guilty of serious offenses in the community. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Gasa heads the judicial arm of the Kijo. They give political guidance and dispense justice on land and family matters.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TQ4Bq2dTZrSGxSQG_KE3NQGjTaA_32uNNlzYAlJO_z4Sc-eZeGrUpRBJ9SfrPV59o48_dpVA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMen provided protection to the community\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis spear \u003ci\u003efumo\u003c/i\u003e was made from scrap iron fitted to a wooden handle by a blacksmith. It was used by men during war and when hunting.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QxdNGCj_dsLuVuWOriteWQkrZDZdE6qVgDdWkzDZxQ7v68ilEawSQ5QQJYDtc7rCTSQvFR9Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCraftsmanship\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWomen made pots to cook Pokomo\u0026#39;s delicious foods. This pot (\u003ci\u003enyungu\u003c/i\u003e) was made by an old woman for cooking and to store food. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Tana River has long been the source of fish supply to the Pokomo, who traditionally eat catfish (\u003ci\u003emtonzi\u003c/i\u003e), tilapia (\u003ci\u003entuku\u003c/i\u003e), trout (\u003ci\u003eningu\u003c/i\u003e), eel (\u003ci\u003emamba\u003c/i\u003e) and crocodile (\u003ci\u003engwena\u003c/i\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QKZdD86WEA3X36C7RjMMIP0SFcy9xd08wa_f3rFlvE-38Eu0BJSO1d4p2AQ_3mfAlU7equo5s",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStrainer\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePokomo women made strainers (\u003ci\u003ekhapu\u003c/i\u003e) using palm leaves, which were used to squeeze out coconut milk. The milk was used to make an assortment of foods such as rice, \u003ci\u003echapati\u003c/i\u003e, fish, chicken and many more delicacies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S3uNnoCgLvakDy8-YpTKb0KAheuyRczjVh4cKbYoJLFQe2LAAsr-VEQWuXACgb-C8F2IJBRw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMat\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis soft mat (\u003ci\u003emsali\u003c/i\u003e) was made by women from dyed doum palm leaves. It was woven and used for sleeping on.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SjnMKuF3WWKxhxtUEFtTUJhbhNecJH6U07-xgHJ8cFUIsOS7i6K81hcIc-jOkg2WUqusbE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSkirt\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis skirt is made of grass from mkomo(down palm) fronds cut using a knife. It is worn by boys after circumcision and during a dance ceremony called mwaribe.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SnfcrOK3n11v4V1tcRrb5aKjpiE9cUYo1I4OHGwm06MfZ-CSXOblDzRPmj4_AtIr2Ok6LYsJY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis bottle contains blue powder made by an old \u0026#39;magician\u0026#39;. Gum from the \u003ci\u003emuvunja hukumu\u003c/i\u003e tree was burnt and ground into powder ready for sale on request. This was believed to bring luck, enabling one to acquire a higher position at work.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TUvDFtL1PPSuWW2MgYZ3nTvjz3L_HbL3CaHPSrAVW9eZVbXu5feTu38UC6V8CEOKpl_mPMfQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eTraditionally, the Pokomo used herbs to treat different kinds of diseases. These herbs were believed to treat any type of ache, pain and sores among other type of illness.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SmwVWCTH-UgVW_1YgXDNXh3v3Q-hrz7_LmcAkJogZwhm00L6HCaARip5UNL6Vj6h5bSoHtxWE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHealing through bleeding\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMade by men, a \u003ci\u003ekoba\u003c/i\u003e was the small tip of a cowhorn, cut and stopped up with beeswax (\u003ci\u003eNaoma\u003c/i\u003e). It was used as a bleeding horn, and placed on an aching body part to relieve pain by drawing blood from it. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA cut would be made by a friend or a relative and the horn pressed there, then the wax would be removed and the air sucked out before the wax was replaced. The horn would now be stuck to the body part, and the blood was then drawn out. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt would be left on the ill body part for about ten minutes until it had filled with blood. The horn was then removed and the drawn blood poured on the ground.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Mbeere Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QgpZi90V_PIx9Dmf8_NlzRnrdK8wHiB6VfdEo0TTzWWonkTyYfcvtMy8qUp2hyUnnWH_LY","/story/UgXRfFy-HbgRJA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"UgXRfFy-HbgRJA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration: making Igamba ng\u0026#39;ombe home\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt is said that the Mbeere and Embu communities migrated from a place called Mariguuri (land of bananas), and separated at the river Thuci. The Mbeere settled at Igamba ng\u0026#39;ombe and the Embu moved up the slopes of Mount Kenya to live in rock-caves.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE1FSWtHLWN4WF9mNkU1andnVVlLQmNsUEVYWWR4V21qUEIzWnQ4",326.3324935015045,-2.417232793836064,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMEIkG-cxX_f6E5jwgUYKBclPEXYdxWmjPB3Zt8\u003dw1200-h1000-pi2.4172328-ya-102.6675-fo100.51781",null,100.51780581002656,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE1FSWtHLWN4WF9mNkU1andnVVlLQmNsUEVYWWR4V21qUEIzWnQ4\u0026sv_f\u003d100.51780581002656\u0026sv_h\u003d326.3324935015045\u0026sv_p\u003d-2.417232793836064",null,69,[10,"AF1QipMEIkG-cxX_f6E5jwgUYKBclPEXYdxWmjPB3Zt8"],"SvInfo:014b89dd-c9fb-4733-ac1c-118dac5e3eb2"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qpq8C7iS8JZdIzShzhziExHv35bLAtwxLgHTU_TD80zOPNvmaeDIpmAar2SCj0ABz8yQEqUQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNgai at the top of Mount Kenya\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mbeere believed that God (Ngai) lived on Mount Kenya, and that He created man and earth. The Mbeere offered sacrifices to secure his blessing for rain and livestock.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S5Y5CziuGGj7Sd_xw3KMVRhhJkW-X1-IcqEcoyOUmvQ7LJGovbQsURT5aFA0J4uofui9NpsKs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSecond largest producers of miraa\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eToday the Mbeere grow crops such as mangoes, melons, pawpaw, passion fruits, maize, beans, cowpeas, pigeon peas, black peas (njavi), millet, sorghum, etc. They are the second largest producers of miraa, a cash crop also grown by the Ameru.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rm79wYzK6vIUzblzmd06Z70Eikhw1i6JVzZz9K-GoxNopwQs8Q3YFulek1VOjHfLw4bAg5",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCiondo and mikanda\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOther traditional economic activities included basket (ciondo) and rope (mikanda) making, and rearing animals such as cows and goats.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QQ31b_0TQTtmMHj9xJo3gKtJPV4WJWHC4lYpmKYozoWR-yoNMCpJlpZWXBnkCF-JVqcFRuVBs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeaving baskets for trade\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMugaa tree fiber was used for weaving baskets (ciondos). The thread was cut, boiled in a pot, dried in the sun, rolled into strings and weaved into baskets.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SWoCRr6OTLYlUmWzi-JH8ZuOKl5oF2htvBRjw2rrB9idfwzxS7-lWGf-dW7S8HaVt60UXIR-U",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCouncil of elders\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe council of elders were responsible for ensuring law and order, decision-making, ritual oath taking, religion, and administration. Warriors of each territorial area had their council of elders (Kiama) for the different territorial unit.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RJOu_2RR5MImXwuwRFYFPXtpAtEjJuyigPTnkLy_eNXkjZJSSH3awOaILUXlCLbjAv2YJm0hY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInitiation and marriage rites\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mbeere circumcised both boys and girls at puberty. This act was an important rite which marked a transition from childhood to adulthood, characterized by a ceremony and celebration. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBeyond childhood, boys and girls had to acquire status through merit of bravery, endurance, and self-control by enduring the pain associated with the cut (circumcision). After initiation, girls were considered women ready for marriage, and boys considered men ready to become warriors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Kenya today, female circumcision is illegal and communities are encouraged to adopt alternative initiation practices.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R_5p1nafKfCxHvJJT4pMxomGrFN5KbDK_FxrMF3RyQLzosKNilNO8yD3YvwLH_G7R9yrKwVIs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTraditional circumcision knives\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMale and female circumcisers used these circumcision knives. One knife has five loops indicating that the children were brothers and sisters. The knife with four circles was for the girl, as she would have been secluded for four days after the operation; the knife with five circles was for the boy, who would have been secluded for five days. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA four looped knife was used to circumcise the eldest daughter. Six looped knives were used on the second daughter, and seven looped knives for each succeeding daughter. These last knives were considered lucky, and it was believed that a girl circumcised by one would have seven children, including one or two boys.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYwxIH8mJZn2ijTNhU9EIV0cUVzTLWAbA7ocfCzA8965FtAAXPoIo654ng12z3qHi8n16OFw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBecoming a warrior\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBecoming a warrior also required several stages of endurance. Depicted here is a Mbeere warrior wearing ceremonial attire. He wears ostrich feather headgear to indicate his status, and his body is painted with white ochre.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RodIEYcyVITGvQYNIRoNesq8oDyHEYkBMhKJgr2i0mW5sSvqQllXsrGZzu_MzpaFQJ5qfUwtzG",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReady for marriage\u003c/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMen had to be warriors and complete military training before considering marriage. Marriage was considered a highly respected institution that marked the union of man and woman. Traditionally bride-wealth was negotiated and paid in the form of livestock.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RyKj4U84RZBdi-PQdSVL7xgx-A6XW6fLK-LN_Xm8UrUd_CUibQbN7sOIR-ITG0ySNyoiaj",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA snake above the door\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA python snake was placed above the door of a medicine man\u0026#39;s house, indicating his status as someone powerful and dangerous. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe primary apparatus of the medicine men consisted of a series of gourds, animal horns and charms.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q26aDRmDhvtxk3KAxoPEqSTZuSp51npRMTu1cO5Zif_MAcfJrf_yPnk-90u6rlyLP15r7J",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTraditional medicine\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe medicine man would use trees (roots, leaves, barks, stem or fruits), herbs, animal products (fur or animal fat) and geological materials (soils and rocks). The herbs were normally boiled, sap extracted, burnt into ash, ground into powder, or chewed in its raw form.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tml74ZMmAlNH6cnLAOurOd8gU8FdrqNZHDM4Av17UdY7KxpiBcBKU8uiCyK3voDeBnxMXT5_k",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA medicine woman\u0026#39;s gourd\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis decorated gourd contains white powder (Ira) that was used in the past to cure illnesses. The gourd was cut from a plant and the stopper made from a twig by the medicine woman.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QQD4HQZxfFjWKO4Dm-EHgp_CuCA2YZNvQMIM5bJJM2rxqBdj5k0gCXvSIlXV4p5f3tUz9ExEdi",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Mbeere drum to find love\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis long and narrow cylindrical drum was made of wood cut from Mukaau (Melia Volkensii Guire) tree using an axe. The top is covered with goat skin. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe drum was used by young unmarried men when dancing the traditional \u003ci\u003eMwinziro\u003c/i\u003e dance. Apart from entertainment, the dance was also meant to show off a man\u0026#39;s ability to play the drum to attract girls. When married, the drum was passed to other unmarried men in pursuit of love.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R7aVE9gWN3ckhsEke9m4lcrDrw_Ae6SUHp_36O-aWjaHv0zoupYY7CxyULtAplmG52bGOAZqTT",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTraditional attire for dancing\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA young Mbeere man in dancing attire complete with bows and arrows.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Isukha Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QNe6tztzmMx2uaxdi7Rhq0dRHfUmKAvySfA-QFO4cGZSUgYLodlISmrMn_e1a448SUpC5-fw","/story/jQXxryGzsRkRKw",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"jQXxryGzsRkRKw"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eToday the Isukha inhabit parts of the Kakamega Forest.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcFBXZGR0WWNhbXk0dDhoMko2Q252d0s0VHRqd3RzVGlWN0FlQVVE",85.12707956906499,6.2897573018245225,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipPWddtYcamy4t8h2J6CnvwK4TtjwtsTiV7AeAUD\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-6.2897573-ya-173.87292-fo100.93669",null,100.93669319046882,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcFBXZGR0WWNhbXk0dDhoMko2Q252d0s0VHRqd3RzVGlWN0FlQVVE\u0026sv_f\u003d100.93669319046882\u0026sv_h\u003d85.12707956906499\u0026sv_p\u003d6.2897573018245225",null,259,[10,"AF1QipPWddtYcamy4t8h2J6CnvwK4TtjwtsTiV7AeAUD"],"SvInfo:6278b673-a291-4ebe-a7dc-fa5df9531490"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QAoe9a6lhoYU2072Zdrg8RKuky-LZ0u21UNOVY6Vm37wLAgNymmai_-uxrCu9kOU8acYhDIbR_",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese \u003ci\u003eikhoni\u003c/i\u003e sickles were used by women for reaping ears of millet. A blacksmith made them by heating iron in fire and then hammering it into shape. The handle is made from wood of the \u003ci\u003emusutso\u003c/i\u003e tree.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R5zccKB_RuIYva1laOlrQanZjjdbjt16C4m4oTb3tSCViEoakn_0r1UnSG2F3aQvuFSrlYHw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKeeping cattle\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis rope (\u003ci\u003emukhoye\u003c/i\u003e) was made, by men, from \u003ci\u003elikhrambi\u003c/i\u003e - a type of grass. It was used to tether cattle.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S-DScYXtaX-NUxs5N7atTD2TpQx6rtgPSRVtlS23QkScx5mEpA3Jw1kKcAO1Z6dBXQVUS4HQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHunting\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese arrows were made from wood of the \u003ci\u003emukonga\u003c/i\u003e tree. They were used for hunting, defence and fighting.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SIafBkpBqc4ChEG8QxDziJjLIBNGE6hcXsoVp4lWSWcM7WxGG6QVxLHccE619wN8KoNJejWvI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBoth men and women played a significant role in farming. Men cleared virgin land and helped women plant crops while women weeded. The hoe (\u003ci\u003eimoko\u003c/i\u003e) was made of a wooden haft cut from wood of the \u003ci\u003eshisasaki\u003c/i\u003e tree and fitted with an iron blade, which was locally obtained from a blacksmith. It was used for cultivating.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QU9DK8aTafO6i9ZQ6POUs4haAbmjHtnk5xyBKsajUzuLw3giQXAgBpNgU_77YuUKmKBPQO4eQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e Food preparation \u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMortar and pestle were essential household items. They were used for pounding grains to remove husks. The mortar was made using wood cut from the \u003ci\u003emukomari\u003c/i\u003e tree, and the pestle from the \u003ci\u003emukhandi\u003c/i\u003e tree.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SfyuUUcgpRl1sBmj_w_nzlkzXknxmhdp2J6mwCMPx2_rONGJOQ5PqqZiHseYZ07Ii48hGNtlc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTransition from childhood to adulthood\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Isukha circumcised both boys and girls at puberty, and circumcision of boys is still an important cultural practice. Female circumcision is today outlawed in Kenya.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA day before circumcision, the initiates were taken to the river early in the morning, to be shaved and bathed. Song and dance accompanied the ceremonies, to encourage the initiates to stay strong and brave.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TMUc-_WkmPAQqUK_WhoneY6UluZ05xRcduc3dh_c8x3g3xaGXUGqlTXFnk3MMME95kD8iP_fs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e Seclusion period\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAfter circumcision, the initiates were secluded for healing and training on community matters. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis grass-hood is a circumcision mask that would have been worn by initiates while in seclusion.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tj94RWMiInbjAWKeTAUXCmxkBimgcUGfF1dL7xWMxAnf1FhKleHpG10WHr5Gg3r_VeCZTjk1w",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarriage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMarriage is an important and highly respected institution for the Isukha. It raises one’s status in the society. and anyone who fails to marry is looked down upon. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the past the Isukha were polygamous, and men were accorded respect depending on the number of wives they had. The bride wealth was paid in the form of cattle, sheep, or goats.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q7E7M2DOpL1NLNH47yA_lPPKgtTX8dSbQwEbau-V173wZ9lDplaPQaXd50loXeef-MpUEWzkBs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eShiriri\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis one-stringed instrument (fiddle) is made of wood from the \u003ci\u003emukorani\u003c/i\u003e tree. The resonator is covered with cowhide. It was made and played by men to accompany singing.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TwHMO7EukDtTo0kiG737hAJmbFCoBHdQlSsx-4-7ixu-VO80i6pJh8G1NTziIVUxr_ixpoGOLo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRusashe\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a straw made from bamboo and used by both men and women to drink busaa (local beer). Busaa is drunk from a communal pot during circumcision, marriage, dowry payment, and funerals, among other occasions. It is prepared from maize meal and finger millet fermented over a period of two weeks.\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"Celebrating Kenya's rich heritage","The Isukha community"]],["stella.common.cobject","The Digo Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SMql0QF0XyXxMTdn7ueXFvM1tiVhA6s1Q9_F2h7Cu_K5t9wpk_DxZOk6QbI28k9qbZnD-CZkQ","/story/OQWxyu0nfiQxIg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"OQWxyu0nfiQxIg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Digo were the first to confront the Oromo invasion in Southern Somalia. They were forced to flee down the coast until they reached Shimba Hills, south west of Mombasa County where they built Kaya Kwale. Later some of them left Kaya Kwale and built Kaya Kinondo along the coast north of Gazi. Today, the \u0026#39;Makaya\u0026#39; are conserved by the elders and promoted for cultural tourism.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE40cEVINlFqbDRBVVV3NnY2UzZmQnB0UlFlU2pDaEhiWHVvXzcy",0,0,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipN4pEH6Qjl4AUUw6v6S6fBptRQeSjChHbXuo_72\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-0.0-ya0.0-fo90.0",null,90.00000000000001,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE40cEVINlFqbDRBVVV3NnY2UzZmQnB0UlFlU2pDaEhiWHVvXzcy\u0026sv_f\u003d90.00000000000001\u0026sv_h\u003d0.0\u0026sv_p\u003d0.0",null,0,[10,"AF1QipN4pEH6Qjl4AUUw6v6S6fBptRQeSjChHbXuo_72"],"SvInfo:73577235-c050-43c7-9bcf-7a2d312393f8"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QCzofj5SkM-O5KrnGmDiPQVpBY2hidPfFwsTOZ1Dz2nU9Sm8kIczudmu0EINk2pBhHShiwoIQM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReligion\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Digo historically believed in God (Mulungu) and ancestral spirits, to whom they regularly offered sacrifices and prayed for help. Digo witch doctors were consulted on health and spiritual matters. Today the majority of the Digo are Muslims.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qml8Cb73oAgMJuxHKjK8zYG9YTXg6TJp5EfpmoqY5HslYIdKraAhBKrJcdPxhbTdGUKYDGRCUl",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSelling fruits\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis basket was made by men using palm fronds. It was used for carrying fruits to the market.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q8oW-yWFOOGJ-l0wL5S27jlzKM6xncAYyAP6tIlYqfI_ssJ0rMz8LSf7ZjWU8mWA-1cgnLYU6i",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis digging hoe was used by women for cultivation. The hoe handle is made from tomoko wood. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eToday the Digo grow millet, cassava, coconut and rice. Their area often floods and is very fertile, making it ideal for rice farming – hence rice is their staple food.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sds4580eDxrDk1clAnhLBNaW3r9CLrZRJCDFNAyJrLJipdSdmzvNGnbMbGtvXCOmLFLMjM5mTg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFishing\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a part of a fishing trap made by a male \u003ci\u003efundi\u003c/i\u003e (artisan). It was made by cutting \u003ci\u003eMusumali\u003c/i\u003e wood into small strips, with a panga and a knife, and weaving them together.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QEko1Oz5dlwz6vmBlMK-HtKjn9fn-Lo2pht3JjUEOUb4MOBZculINZ2pClBWXD4s41-tB6tqI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is a fish line. It was treated by rubbing raw wood of the \u003ci\u003echikwamba\u003c/i\u003e tree on it, to make it last longer.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SkrrJElLm-fSgQyBpAtNDyjyy5jCJLwRCqbXN3T55ODxcLxRvmIJ_7lkiE_0pUZiaNvZMfow",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePolitical structure\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally members of a senior age-set underwent an induction ceremony, where they were instructed on how to conduct rituals and customs. They then became a council of elders known as ’kambi’, and selected one of their wise and well-respected members to be their chairman. He was assisted by the members of the council and they would deliberate on matters brought before them, like cases of land dispute or witchcraft, and also mete out punishment such as fines, banishment and death. The council also officiated ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qt-5cXQo9AhKna0spogPpcAKU5gTaCWCidjTBOFunbVussILLG9XSQbHiqjDXXmmzz2f64saY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaking traditional huts\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is thatch made from coconut palm. The leaves were removed from the main leaf midrib, and the midrib was then used as the top of the thatching. Each small leaf was bent over the midrib, and the whole lot connected by over-stitching. It was made by the Digo women, while the men traditionally did the thatching. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe best and most watertight roofing is spaced with a 4 inch overlay between the midribs. The shape of each hut clearly indicates to the villagers who lives in it. The huts of elders are round, while those of other people are rectangular.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sp8WujYteqT538wTkJIl3cPYKjjqEOTIIhfnQ8BHYKpJxQYjBhAVMWhM1gzLwjpAhCoLdMKA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eObjects for daily use\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a ladle made of coconut shell, with a handle made from the wood of the \u003ci\u003emburi lakuni\u003c/i\u003e tree. It was made by men and used by women to ladle out food into individual dishes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally the men collected various parts of the doum palm tree, which were useful for making items such as ropes, brooms, baskets, roofing and stools. They also did woodwork, fishing and trade.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RuTDKKS29Gvc_N5btI09xovjYZEwSAuvqd-31cD-0FbrozKBVdFfUD0hgLFj7s3gWj5aEH8g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe women potters\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis pot was kept for specific purposes like cooking fish, vegetables, and cakes made of rice flour and coconut milk. It was made by women potters, of whom they were only two or three per location. The women collected clay some miles away from a river in the Shimba Hills and modeled it into various shapes and sizes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe pot was not placed on a mat, sherd or anything while in the process of manufacture. It was simply modeled and placed straight on the sand outside the hut. As the pot grew, it was turned round and round on the dry sand until an inverted cone of sand built up underneath it.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe art of pottery was handed down through generations and, in some cases, learnt from a potter. The pots were not sold in the market, nor did the potter make any pots ready in anticipation of customers; they were only made to order.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q20d9H3bsIsmdRNhi-CunHtOddlHfrqLr0p75Aeu8lIdJva7P2L8XSlJmtRQhP1hEzWRzmkg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eClay pot lid made and used by Digo women.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TXiWnujzuL5yx6PXEbkEZxfMtg_MqJ_fuognoU-cFS19ScfwcKn3ejgvId-TcEHeTTeQrF5g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTool\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA mango seed used by Digo women potters for smoothing and scraping the insides of the pots.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S1gUH7wW9mgPDs8CzfpvDjLDnBOxqRRpOmLB7B4avFbefSLWprZwiv2GuyKOyD8lb8EW490TM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFlask\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a small flask, which was made by a woman and used by children for keeping fat and meat. The cover is made of camel skin.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RAiV62j7GOVkfHtprbxtwyakfcl42IuSgt15P0L6H1xhgoqZCIFtHrINnlU0z8Qcm_P6m8bg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCooking for the family\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a wooden mortar and pestle. It was used by women for pounding grains prior to grinding. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally the Digo have been considered some of the best cooks among the Kenyan communities. \u003ci\u003eWali\u003c/i\u003e (cooked rice) is a popular Kenyan food, and was a staple of the Mijikenda community. It is prepared with coconut milk, giving the rice a sweet taste. Fish and other seafood were also common in the Mijikenda cuisine.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SWPo5jbkGovLJ2vb9AWet91_AxkLGSE8gjkVp2oXO5S_boYwFjMDSVJO3ld4ISfiyVb5Ir29w",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCleaning the house\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA broom made of sticks obtained from the \u003ci\u003eluhago\u003c/i\u003e tree. It was mainly used by Digo women for sweeping their houses.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]]]],null,null,null,1,null,null,null,null,4,"TilesRibbon","EditorialSection:57d013aa-0692-434d-a280-d2f198d7f573"];window.INIT_data['EditorialSection:8b21ae5a-dbb9-4f02-bba8-f5f6f05508aa'] = ["stella.edit.sect",["Contain Yourself!",null,null,null,null,1],41,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","28 Incredible Vessels Used by Kenyan Communities","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RTNm98SSOmPBY57t587KB7qsqjJ_HsHoW3vIrGfC6mzi7CwUfzmVA94Epca7qIu21Pwt40Ww","/story/_gUx7TIiep4KKA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null,"Discover",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:6072abfe-cd40-4f00-a026-22f5debc24b3","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RTNm98SSOmPBY57t587KB7qsqjJ_HsHoW3vIrGfC6mzi7CwUfzmVA94Epca7qIu21Pwt40Ww","m_I2-4EfuwpekzRe12e_-zUPL_s",[0.47825637,0.54482204,0,0.78574216,0.6775975],null,null,null,[5648,3744]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"_gUx7TIiep4KKA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TwirSQ7z67_6zkSGQ4egSVAQ8yp1PAsuhgECl-WS0Bh3h-knSwmCtfaQB8tW9eu9HYt01jUA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat is a container?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eContainers are one of the five items classified as critical in conveying material culture. The other classifications are tools, ornaments, body carvings and furniture. Kenyan communities developed containers to satisfy the need to cook, carry and store things. Container designs, shapes and materials reflect the many ways in which the different Kenyan communities kept, carried and stored things. This exhibit takes you through various traditional containers used by Kenyan communities.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RJa799E-FO4rtcKGpvOd9rP0VhSadp1HFFj-30wyvNlUOqZdNyl961sNGispRla_gsNikb",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDesign and function\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe shapes of containers were determined by what they stored and the materials used to make them. Materials used included vegetal plant material, wood, leather/skin, clay/ceramic, metals, and a mixture of different materials. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSome of the items that would have been stored in these containers included milk, water, honey, meat and also snuff.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eContainers were also used for religious functions, divination and ceremonial functions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SptlbRjRPhQnpGxBlfNLUU5BajjktST-PJMCXOaoLnKzdqJOsVtqw16Ejr4YG3MUSoqNMWwnU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1: Luyia narrow-necked pots for storing water\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis pot \u003ci\u003eisiongo\u003c/i\u003e was made by Luyia women and used to store cold water for household use.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eClay containers were best known for water storage. Water pots were made impervious so that the water inside was kept cool due to evaporation on the outside wall of the pot.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T4F5E7TGeGI00nRi3hR_p49_OQKf4RNg8z6IOBKl21vQLiWEFb0nA0JQiBHMWHs7KiVd_6-M0X",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2: Luo wide-mouthed round pots for cooking fish\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a bowl shaped clay pot (\u003ci\u003eoigla\u003c/i\u003e) with four lugs. It was made by a woman potter and used for cooking fish. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePots were made with a wide mouth to allow fish to be cooked in one piece or in large pieces.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T7tYC7F4ICOykkFcRBVF60w_jinqCH1p2nRjofH6CYokANuSn61ea5CsUsXHrMsj-RxnpEduZn",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3: Pokot pot for brewing beer\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a clay pot known by the Pokot as \u003ci\u003eLoch\u003c/i\u003e. It has a narrow neck and spout, and was used for making beer. The small hole was used as a spout for pouring the beer out of, while the materials used for brewing beer were placed inside the large hole. Beer pots do not have handles because beer was never served hot. This type of pot was common among the Kipsigis, the Nandi and the Pokot communities.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QO7cK6TvVrFu4f7Wp-uHCuUC3awT1z-UoG8Rq9XX99iLCo30I5wV_WfdVNNP0NfsLwgx5Whco",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4: Samburu storage pot\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a small jar (\u003ci\u003emoti lengweshi\u003c/i\u003e) with a tall neck. It was made by the Ogiek and Samburu for storing meat and fat for the dry season, when food was scarce. These pots were never made with handles.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RikRW4y2unhr1mJ_5zdMwthLu5WqgQfIBTDcWoxu1XleFtBNaM1bIeg20LaCTvwv5BI-y_lQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5: Somali baskets weaved using roots of a tree\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a large water container (\u003ci\u003ehan\u003c/i\u003e). It was made by Somali women from the roots of the \u003ci\u003ebararh\u003c/i\u003e tree, which they considered the best fiber for making such baskets. The roots were boiled before they were weaved into a basket. The basket was made watertight by repeatedly smoking it with burning wood of the \u003ci\u003ekorasum\u003c/i\u003e tree. The gummy smoke produced would entirely seal the inside of the container while it was wet.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TEIqxDcjYVO7UDypDU2_SpfouTv2qYv9LAmoR_0_oxdIeCLOhD4o7aTjdsLqfH8cMxYE-rBVg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6: Borana water container made from roots\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis water container (\u003ci\u003eokolle\u003c/i\u003e) was made using fiber obtained from the roots of the \u003ci\u003emiyaa\u003c/i\u003e tree and used for collecting and storing water. It was never dipped in water, but would have been filled using a different container to preserve it.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QtK2VhIvzMJS6_BVMV4WZSgioc1my4n2yjb5HNv1IiyAfOufg4okV6mgTEGCLNE4c",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7: Coastal containers made from coconut stems\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis container with a stand was made from the stems and reeds of the palm tree. It was used by women living in coastal areas to store and carry food.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rk_HzDnujxEoUpfeR11cfrO3KvxvFZXi2M9AkdDk2bpS-VzIS-T_nQTfM-MmogQvqO7UpELw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8: Marakwet winnowing basket\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a winnowing basket made from reeds. It was used by women for clearing chaff from cereals and for drying.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R15Ef7O1UzTEjerJVG3pJNF1x6qi7Z4gqT3J0VeZYfUO0ZW3yIAG4QPC1jVtBRiXMgg-QzBw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9: The Mbeere kiondo\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis twined basket (\u003ci\u003ekiondo\u003c/i\u003e) was made from fibre. The fibre was cut and boiled before being twined by women to make string. The strings were then woven and used to carry items.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T7l1g2aXl6klCRzChkv5L0PDukeiXV1uQa-tOYLXOMSijjbnEhPRG0xOJ4Ja1V8r061VeB6Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10: Luo granary\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a granary (\u003ci\u003eDero\u003c/i\u003e) used to store different kinds of grains. The conical roof was made using millet stocks and then thatched with grass. The base of the granary was made by continuous twisting of the soft twigs, and held by crossed branches.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLuo grain stores were either made from wickerwork or papyrus reeds, and the insides were plastered with cow dung. A short ladder from a forked branch would be placed against the body of the granary for access.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSuch granaries are fast disappearing from modern Luo homesteads.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S-O8Ig4EMRBr96tEd7xSMnzYVaJ3H_mf2q88zhQw7oIQmQNGlvKomcbTBrEc9y-Bfj5wIhikWX",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11: Borana wooden container\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis milk container was made from wood and partly woven by women. It was curved using an adze, has a lid decorated with cowrie shells, and leather strap for ease when carrying. It was used by Borana women to carry milk and water.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qgl9haMOFGNTxDrDfaxN0ocJs_l2e4tijR90c7lUmCyNCuC7atNTFnCqtbtlN2BRadSw_x-QKp",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12: Somali pot\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis pot was made of wood from the \u003ci\u003edamaja\u003c/i\u003e (\u003ci\u003eCommiphora candidula sprague\u003c/i\u003e) tree and fiber straps obtained from the \u003ci\u003ekharari\u003c/i\u003e tree. The tree was cut using an axe and adze, and the decorative part was carved using a knife. It was used by women to store fresh milk for their children.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SQ0hUmts1UP5uf-DjLy4d7Hm74Uqtdj6-acjmr861P9R8M_iX5a9j9GrpZzTGsD5pQuS2ncw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13: Turkana milk container\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis milk container (\u003ci\u003eelepit\u003c/i\u003e) is made of wood from \u003ci\u003eedwaite\u003c/i\u003e tree and animal hide for the straps. The decorative dots design is made using a heated rod metal. It is used for milking animals.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QsPMsbJyPOsJlOLYKVXK2cbAXfg59IIxCSqXefvhpGebA9BKldJ8DcnDpRmArPupBBEIiSb7U",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14: Maasai milk and blood gourd\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis small short gourd (\u003ci\u003eekukuri\u003c/i\u003e) was used to collect blood from slaughtered cows, or milk when milking. It was smoked out with wood called \u003ci\u003eOloirien\u003c/i\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QdDEYWTY6rD2ha6xrK0UTYElaSIrWZCcIt9b71BTKEa-RkTYOxuB9CZ1p5cymyeUNuGAJLjQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15: Marakwet gourd\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis gourd was cut at the top and had the seeds removed. It was used to carry drinking water.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QO0rRveHi7l15o7xnK7vhISoBd-XoWOc2Ye0fbYgVXYuZXbuIUZKsyqJrU8ja6hBq6Q94ybw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16: Akamba porridge gourd\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis large gourd (\u003ci\u003ekikuu\u003c/i\u003e) was decorated using smoke dye. It was made using the fruit of a plant, which has been harvested and dried. The head was cut and the seeds inside removed. It was used for carrying porridge.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tc2M7A42oimzmhU7dqNasjeLGlXCQTHyENGSXznge0_ZIhxQxQr50YGjKIspJ-vCUdGrw_",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17: Marakwet calabashes\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese calabashes (\u003ci\u003eMongwo\u003c/i\u003e) were made from gourds cut in half. The contents were removed and ashes put in them, before leaving them in the sun for six days. After that the ashes were removed and the calabash cleaned. They were used by the Marakwet to drink milk from, or for holding grains, flour or food.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T2uS7eGx1pL7uxrrL3rKgbv-gc5cF7FwtzeLwUkBqIg0f3kfccqpj6LLU04U3bQG1hAi5jBQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18: Calabash for decorating the house\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis calabash (\u003ci\u003enzele\u003c/i\u003e) is decorated with various colors. It was used for serving porridge to the elders and as a decoration in the house.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QA-qPaKd78h4wi49lZbTK7c6hfHUkSkY8x7b94LBiSGB0_0sdnLQq7EwiBfXNWZdq19k1TDA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19: Muthambi beer drinking horn\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis drinking horn (\u003ci\u003erugoji\u003c/i\u003e) was cut from a cow by a craftsman, using a knife, after the cow had been slaughtered. It was used by old Muthambi men for drinking local beer.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TC256UvMPVRhHqKMuMgG9UoL7pozBE1h-lMomuuvrXJrY63sUdRyUe5JnBXX5UuxgrctXOJuY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20: Pokot fat horn\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis cow horn (\u003ci\u003elal\u003c/i\u003e) with a hide lid was used to store fat. The fat may also have been mixed with \u003ci\u003eokup\u003c/i\u003e (black colouring), which was used to polish ornaments.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SyPfCVWBBvSXtdbd6Teh2XERhN0fgt9qGXYNZ0VcmIuI2B8gy15mnkod7ZQMt6tLx1Zjguz7U",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21: Horns as snuff containers by the Tharaka community\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis snuff container (\u003ci\u003ekinyuiro\u003c/i\u003e) is made of a bushbuck horn, and the lid from animal skin. It contains a small brush inside, which was used to apply snuff to the nostrils. It was made and used by men only. Old Tharaka men carried them around on their belts.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SY4t2Svi-AEdfWmAx-w6ZVyXyu5BaktJ_ShrxpUBsa-rmpFSt1BJ5r9GTuPpx_4sjecukx-Vvc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e22: Kikuyu marriage cup\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis drinking cup was made from a cow horn (\u003ci\u003erohia\u003c/i\u003e), wood and an iron handle, and symbolizes respect among the Kikuyu. A young man seeking a girl\u0026#39;s hand in marriage from her father would usually be served porridge from this cup upon arrival.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SSPITTNtxstZ5Uvsxi219gfUbfvumeEiNXCY-RJzQyhqcu_wwWF8OhXu2xY1DzUZtdz5MBQHg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e23: Turkana meat containers\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis wooden container was used to store meat. The wood was cut and carved into a container with an outlet at the top. It was then smoothed, and skin added to the lower part and around the neck. A leather lid was made and a skin strap woven to act as a handle for the container.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TBpafTmtWWtmFGQdMmBGiO9Jm6loD2zI4BuRfvf7EyUA48Uayt4RFXyrHarLLZmzzTC5Tf",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e24: Samburu milk container\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a narrow necked milk gourd, with leather thongs and a wooden cork on top as a lid. It was cut from a creeping plant, then put in the hot sunshine for several days to dry. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe mouth was then cut and the substance inside it removed using a stick. It was cleaned out with water and finally fumigated or smoked inside. It was used for churning milk.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S4BOoedsFonZXmD1A3LtaKRJ3zLvH95K_usu-28mxD4NlM1oNOZYLXCoX8ZA8HUO0hsPhgHg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e25: Camel hide containers for storing butter among the Turkana\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis large container (\u003ci\u003engatuma\u003c/i\u003e) was made from camel hide by Turkana women, and used for storing butter.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qww7bEjggsq7z7QFuULQvjEYcEvZHiBW4aRZdWqqBidpwYExBHXgVNPd1vP5xm2B22zsMN2un8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e26: Marakwet honey containers\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis hide container was made from buffalo skins. Buffalo hides were trimmed and stitched at the edges with buffalo tendon by piercing the holes with a strong awl. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhile leather containers were usually made and used by men, for collecting honey from the forest, wooden containers were typically used for storage.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QYRVCDuy_HQihiJB8UCUkmuIrZkMrJUTbi0nh-s8ashD2Efdp1SwCJcP982IBJsQr_UceoK1Gn",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e27: Swahili kettle made using Indian design\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis kettle was made from copper, with Indian design decorations, and used by the Swahili for serving tea.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SSdiz2dAv8SefCNw5uxi-97Lt5BeY3yR80EbHSwwwKBHRxkjvZLoMgAbPAi5LnmvYY1hh2zg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e28: Marakwet tea pot\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an old metal kettle (\u003ci\u003ekibirika\u003c/i\u003e), which was used as a tea container and also as storage for small items.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]]]],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,19,"SmallBanner","EditorialSection:8b21ae5a-dbb9-4f02-bba8-f5f6f05508aa"];window.INIT_data['SvInfo:1d5e2f89-ee22-4d4c-8e96-a655d6914313'] = ["stella.svi",-0.4407142413362624,36.95995544704783,"CAISFjVqenlLVlZUdURRQUFBUkJORVlneFE\u003d",110.30557935881271,3.6078288727566985,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003d5jzyKVVTuDQAAARBNEYgxQ\u0026heading\u003d110.30557935881271\u0026pitch\u003d3.6078288727566985\u0026fov\u003d65.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dpIxUc1O6tY7OY93f8Tp4QvLrVlQ",1,65.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFjVqenlLVlZUdURRQUFBUkJORVlneFE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d65.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d110.30557935881271\u0026sv_p\u003d3.6078288727566985\u0026sv_lat\u003d-0.4407142413362624\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.95995544704783",null,null,[2,"5jzyKVVTuDQAAARBNEYgxQ"],"SvInfo:1d5e2f89-ee22-4d4c-8e96-a655d6914313"];window.INIT_data['MicroscopeImage:758411a2-fe48-45f2-aa97-f9f84bc15ff6'] = ["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:758411a2-fe48-45f2-aa97-f9f84bc15ff6","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rhx4dBhkx1w8V0wXW6fAM53KN-ay1CqTJht8utGjjwq23nCrPhVUzki-txTyTgndQ3K7xLrG4","DdoBWs3pedtWR1rnzoloMWzl1tc",[0.5202453,0.22380143,0,0.8053816,0.3222209],null,null,null,[2900,4101]];window.INIT_data['MicroscopeImage:b962fef7-c202-4a2a-94b2-8d5a16d0d775'] = ["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:b962fef7-c202-4a2a-94b2-8d5a16d0d775","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RY2rDKbYpRw0HjE_772aS1-sOOqTcqlbQCqetpzQomTgAOa9kKpyMXfA5ptQABx_6SQPuF","HLm_JnINlojOUa6Y70QOm6BeQ5A",[0.49674556,0.4852808,0,1.1004413,0.89496833],null,null,null,[5472,3648]];window.INIT_data['SvInfo:0f69067a-e54f-44e6-b386-dac5377c1933'] = ["stella.svi",-0.6851823614675856,34.25143700881324,"CAISFlYwUkk0NHc0M3A1R1U3b1dwakhRVUE\u003d",300.748150671503,9.809990498090869,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dV0RI44w43p5GU7oWpjHQUA\u0026heading\u003d-59.251849328496974\u0026pitch\u003d9.809990498090869\u0026fov\u003d115.84277295122439\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003da1Re-iMm9Q0WNHeRZugrVzHtO1w",0,115.84277295122439,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFlYwUkk0NHc0M3A1R1U3b1dwakhRVUE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d115.84277295122439\u0026sv_h\u003d300.748150671503\u0026sv_p\u003d9.809990498090869\u0026sv_lat\u003d-0.6851823614675856\u0026sv_lng\u003d34.25143700881324",null,46,[2,"V0RI44w43p5GU7oWpjHQUA"],"SvInfo:0f69067a-e54f-44e6-b386-dac5377c1933"];window.INIT_data['SvInfo:89389f99-328f-4a12-962f-b57519a61871'] = ["stella.svi",null,null,null,355.99447228594653,-0.5756994515427039,null,null,null,null,90.04918450586759,"/streetview?sv_f\u003d90.04918450586759\u0026sv_h\u003d355.99447228594653\u0026sv_p\u003d-0.5756994515427039",null,47,null,"SvInfo:89389f99-328f-4a12-962f-b57519a61871"];window.INIT_data['EditorialSection:33b9486e-0804-445e-8754-46cdd55bc943'] = ["stella.edit.sect",null,15,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","The Giriama Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RdxYgv35nS-BJbDGRluOC85XTX3w3s3MixnZrxYXb3QHGXSU2AwIG_LuHFiBd_HfSnIDQL","/story/CQVxWZ0XYqhsIw",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"CQVxWZ0XYqhsIw"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tm4bG7G_XyaIA7EWa3RTSDW2iXwQb6K7HN5_1aSYVWFCpZl9uT2slctKMTeu476PkFzU90fNn8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Giriama migrated from Shungwaya. Due to conflicts with Cushitic communities they migrated southwards into the present Kenya coastal region and settled in Kilifi County. Upon settlement they experienced conflict from other groups, especially nomadic pastoralists. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was necessary for the Kaya villages to have a defensive function, which was crucial to their survival. This was achieved by building makaya within thick forest, so it could only be approached on narrow forest paths, surrounding the villages with a strong stockade to bury the sacred objects, or \u0026#39;fingo\u0026#39;, within the Kaya as they were essential to the material and spiritual well-being of the community. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kaya forests with their clearings and sacred sites are believed to be what remains of the extensive forests and hidden villages, preserved now as ritual and spiritual sites, the surrounding land having given way to agriculture during the 19th and 20th centuries.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_ThcMLqN4SWmVtQTA8jV_CZlWXyoQwbZXn8fZ-NyH2Hj6UCAzXN0q2rQzHh2Qjd32WcKIgcRg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWorking in the forest\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis axe is made of a metal iron head and a wooden haft cut from the \u003ci\u003emulundi\u003c/i\u003e tree. It was mostly used for cutting down trees.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rk4RpEhlNQx5KGwPF2U5YD2el6uvXKWifGuVi4LxOeBfkMIu9KEpvRKloF_RLMRoc35IIEdg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAluminium bracelets\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese are heavy aluminium bracelets made in two pieces, which are joined by putting a stick through the holes in them. On the inside they are rounded but on the outside they have three deep grooves running around them. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThey were made by a blacksmith from melted down aluminium cooking pots. The melted aluminium was poured into a long groove in the ground, and then hammered and scraped into shape with a knife. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThey were worn by women, particularly older women on the wrist, and the larger ones worn above the elbow.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TDwv9CJE7ZeCAa_H8t9d5Imee01F-QLa8uR8ns05-0i7zq10NVMfqTHILWTiPk2VdiZaZElw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWeaved sleeping mat\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis finely woven mat (\u003ci\u003ekitseka\u003c/i\u003e), was made by a male craftsman. A long strip of doum palm (\u003ci\u003emiaa/mlala\u003c/i\u003e) was sewn together with sisal fibre (\u003ci\u003emakonge\u003c/i\u003e) to make such a mat. The mats serve as beds and seats.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SF0zL_-83blEoQOIlzgv4uzcAVhkGirc7n4r2q5bD1hZYokTei4vsZ878dIScMUTb2BFy1qpk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaking wooden bowls\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis wooden, flat-bottomed food bowl (\u003ci\u003emuvure\u003c/i\u003e) was made by a young man using \u003ci\u003emwaamba\u003c/i\u003e wood. The wood was cut using an axe and made hollow with an adze. It was used as a communal eating bowl by as many as seven people.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SHKo6xPX7u-N9o9tioXIjivWkho-G6fRdR6mGVtxHKdWSBpwj77G5dESusB9kcafgtObT4LA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaking flour baskets\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA wide, circular shallow basket made by male craftsman from \u003ci\u003emiaa\u003c/i\u003e (doum palm). It was woven in a long strip and joined together with sisal fibre. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was used by women, who would have placed the rotary quern (grinding stone) in it; the resulting flour was contained in this basket.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SOXgRDHXR_AzSdgYLNWKUVbiGpW7agUgViKjPZK9gEoCNVJojow-v4fNz2fjUo7T31Efyj",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarriage the Giriama way\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis eight string beaded necklace of heavy brass cylinders was made by a craftsman at Pongwe. The beads were strung on \u003ci\u003emakonge\u003c/i\u003e (sisal) thread by a woman. This would have been a special bridal necklace.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGiriama marriages were traditionally arranged by parents through giving bride-wealth to their sons. The parents of the bride and groom met to discuss the bride price – usually a bull and traditional liquor \u003ci\u003emnazi\u003c/i\u003e – which is brought twenty eight times. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOn the day, the bull was taken to the bride\u0026#39;s family, and the groom went back home with the bride, accompanied by song and dance. Gifts were then given to the couple, and the father-in-law would take water, swirl it in his mouth, and then blow it onto the chest of the bride and bridegroom. The mother would then do the same as a way of blessing the new couple.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QE3hDQ-a3b5jf3vJwpZ_odlDnqm6NhJEW4a2ntjGxO1IliPpTdMWTAQyTJDJPmjep1mT0KUfo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKoma\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis koma (shorter than a kigango) was made by a male \u003ci\u003efundi\u003c/i\u003e (craftsman) from a hard, durable and termite repellent wood. The tree was cut using an axe and finished with a chisel. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt is shaped like a human being with a head and a long straight body, and was erected on top of a grave or at a \u003ci\u003ekigojo\u003c/i\u003e – a structure where male elders hold their meetings. It would have been carved only on request, and never sold in the market.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TAZ9-K4Z3BZnFjq8DvgQ58ZUlq5WOY5ISXJihfV8E-1lk4obkF05xiAXQFF3PswodJangn0g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThese are \u003ci\u003evigango\u003c/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003ekoma\u003c/i\u003e erected after someone\u0026#39;s death, to honour them.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eVigango are erected for the \u003ci\u003eGohu\u003c/i\u003e society, while koma are erected for common members of the community.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SweUWG5cHDXyfOSf49MmDaQh3z_4GVggs6nlepT-j15QDUxzgsRJHuxhG_LIYOsBVXO949wA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKiveli\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA charm (\u003ci\u003ekiveli\u003c/i\u003e) with red, white and blue beads and cowries, sewn on cowskin and hung on a locally made chain. The charm was made by a male craftsman. He would sell them to the medicine man, who distributed them to his patients. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIf a person fell ill he/she would go to the medicine man, who provided the charm, and the illness would go away if it was caused by an evil spirit. It is worn by both sexes over one side of the shoulder and under the arm.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TtAhlfo9rtW_xteuGaOJOw47HKEO1M5jsBfoXBWU0Vzo_ckY1wVnuie47txpfTEB1zw26hL4o",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is a coconut shell completely covered with beads. It was made by a Giriama man and given to a Kamba medicineman who used it to cure illnesses. It would be waved round and round a patient\u0026#39;s head, and after some time the patient would be asked to rest his head on a pillow.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RRNjEAfJbmiZ-zhE5DSXj0z52-JWRq7dtxnCKaLDrEohZx4c8AX_GtGKLQ-5z319dFIrHkEg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRattle\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a small gourd rattles which. It was used by both men and women when they drank palm beer.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TAcka9liRXA1uJra3OyULJmKiS78P1uTdnYuGpppfn7o754H3k5tcXB8XZaVtQ8Tqc6iHgLU8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFlute\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt is a small flute with four holes made by the male sex. Usually young men used it. It is made from wood of the Mwanzi tree and the holes are burned into wood with a red hot iron awl. It is played mainly for dances but also for personal amusement.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TQ2Eq7ToPGAlHvKxoL7sT9xFUpQ7P2h28bJFk6I9QKJEzCNdC3fA6eczqDMBTWuyHSqOFVJwjc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChildren\u0026#39;s toys\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a dummy of a dhow, made by children for playing. It is made of wood and has two masts attached to the sticks.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Somali Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qx-FtBvnJsIrIzU_ZBUJsywmN0bpIfdCyJFyKIlLe9AIxyZ8Gb-527qR2yZKzemsnaCpfGiQ","/story/jAVh6fPknHaVIw",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"jAVh6fPknHaVIw"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QsGpSZVNIa1ehHF9nnnFJwX1BAQUW53boKxikl7ldoNiSZil9R3yiTjG35rSgyTHq5TsmdiGw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLegendary Somalis - Abdulla: The Mad Mulla\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMohammed Abdulla Hassan was born in the 1870s in Kob Fardod near Kirrit, in what later became Somaliland. Abdulla was the eldest son of Sheikh Abdille, who was part of the Ogaden Bah Gari sub-clan of the Darod major Clan. His mother, Timiro Sade, was from the Dhulbahante clan.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHe grew up among the Dhulbahante pastoralists – good herdsmen who used camels as well as horses for transportation. Young Abdulla’s hero was his maternal grandfather, Sade Magan, a great warrior chief. By the age of eleven, Hassan was already a good horseman, as well as a hafiz – a reciter of the entire Quran, which is by no means a small feat.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QsGpSZVNIa1ehHF9nnnFJwX1BAQUW53boKxikl7ldoNiSZil9R3yiTjG35rSgyTHq5TsmdiGw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eAfter his pilgrimage from Mecca, years after his grandfather had died in 1875, he met religious fundamentalists who changed his perceptions of the world and the British rule over his motherland. He regarded the whites as infidels.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAbdulla’s first major incident with the British occurred when a Vice Consular accused him of stealing a gun. This was on March 23, 1899. Abdulla, then referred to as \u0026#39;the Mullah\u0026#39; in the Vice Consular’s letters, wrote back to deny the claims of gun theft.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SMM5UDDK03dxrOBJGxyEBOqYPY8qYsz0oVRh2h079tBgq9vp4dI0FmfVLGKhmyZecz-xK17Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eIn 1899, the Dervish rebellion was sparked by claims that a group of Somali children had been converted into Christianity and adopted by the French Catholic mission at Berbera. This, according to the consul general James Hayes Sadler, was either spread or made up by a Sultan Nur. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAbdulla is quoted to have said that the British had destroyed their religion, taken the Somalis\u0026#39; children and made them theirs, thus beginning the rebellion opposing Christianity. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mullah acquired weapons from the Ottoman empire, Sudan and other Islamic communities, put his people in charge of different parts of Somalia, and called for Somali unity and independence. He declared war on all indels (the British) and with 5000 of his followers, armed with 200 guns, he created the Dervish empire.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TQJjgYle_Jj8pvufU6IbaQCPQANHFaXVW027M6tEJK2010PIbm1_yLxiaUNI-1uBj4xiAW_Hs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eHis first attack on the British at Kadariyeh caught the enemy unprepared – so much that the Somali among the British troops fled in fear. More regions fell to the Mullah afterwards. He demanded total loyalty, and those who failed to cooperate were publicly caned and at times beaten to death. The Mullah is also said to have had magical powers that could turn enemy fire into water, making it harmless to his fighters. His ability to confuse and escape his enemies, and his mastery of the Quran, convinced many Somalis that he was even immortal.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TQJjgYle_Jj8pvufU6IbaQCPQANHFaXVW027M6tEJK2010PIbm1_yLxiaUNI-1uBj4xiAW_Hs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eIn one battle, the Mullah destroyed an entire battalion of British troops, killing their captain, lieutenant colonel, and 97 soldiers. After seizing thousands of camels, horses and two cases of whisky, he mocked the British even further by sending them back their cases of whisky by a runner, stating that he had no use for them. After daring the British even further, they combined forces, drawing armies from as far as South Africa, India, and the Yao and Ashanti from Gambia. Even Ethiopia, under King Menelik, gave 5000 soldiers for the cause. The Mullah was brilliant; he drew the British armies to the wilderness he was familiar with and beat them there, killing nine British military officers in the process. Even after repeatedly trying to get information from his captured fighters, the Mullah was always several steps ahead of the British.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mullah died of natural causes, from influenza, and even then the British had trouble locating his body. By the time they did, his body had already been placed in a tomb, which they chose to keep a secret to prevent it from becoming a shrine of inspiration to other rebels.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QrJlWIZENXW3rb_c45_7RaJZl9JJMXK4hikx_18mwOCDn3ecsMysrtANSNN2uSvQIJHRS_5HU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAjuran Sultanate: the royals from Somali\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the midst of the vast Somali expanse during the 13th century, a great empire dwelt upon the land. Canals crisscrossed the Shebelle and the Juba rivers, and the land was lush with crops. They were a marvel of hydraulic engineering, like the land of the Pharaohs was before them. For miles around, this great kingdom was the best, and the only empire in Africa that had bent rivers to its will. Complementing its canals were wells and cisterns, which are still in use even to this day. With a centralized system of government, the Sultans at the helm, and a strong military, not even the Oromo from the west and the Portuguese from the east could measure up to its might. This was the Ajuran Dynasty.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAt the peak of the European age of exploration, the European superpower Portugal was perhaps the most determined to test the strength of the Ajurans. Their conquest begun with the city-states of Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwa, Lamu and Pate. Some they plundered, while others they torched. The overzealous Tristao da Cunha went as far as daring the Ajuran Empire itself, in the battle of Barawa, but the resistance was too stiff and the defenses too strong. The Somalis from the Ajuran Empire fought fiercely and defeated the Portuguese, leaving injured Tristao nursing injuries in the Socotra islands.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T3bfpe0bm2HKKoDSe8J3c-K3qckUn0I4zs3aTNo9iBU4zslWumS7zciIEEiqFQJFU1oMT_qg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Portuguese were not ones to take defeat easily. Tristao wanted to mount another attack on Mogadishu, the Ajuran capital and richest city in Africa. However, the Portuguese thought it a foolish idea to attack the Ajuran stronghold and advised against it. With that, the Tristao backed down and left the Ajurans in peace.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBut that was not the end of the Portuguese attempts on the Ajurans. Joao de Sepuvelda led a Portuguese battalion and tried to get into Mogadishu via sea in what was the battle of Benadir. The Ajuran Navy defeated him too before he even reached the shores of Mogadishu.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBy the 1580s, some of the coastal cities were already under Portuguese oppression. The Ajurans, a kind-hearted people as they were, sympathized with the Swahili and Arabs living in those cities and called for help from the Turkish for a joint force against the Portuguese. Mir Ali Bey responded with his feet and drove the Portuguese out of Pate, Mombasa and Kilwa.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T3bfpe0bm2HKKoDSe8J3c-K3qckUn0I4zs3aTNo9iBU4zslWumS7zciIEEiqFQJFU1oMT_qg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Portuguese also drew reinforcements from India and forced the Ajurans into defense. They avoided Mogadishu nonetheless, even after managing to retake the cities under their control. In the end, the Portuguese were overpowered for good. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the 17th century, the expanding Oromo nation of Ethiopia reached the Southern Somali coast. At the same time, the Ajuran Empire was at the height of its power. The Garen rulers of the Ajuran Empire carried out military conquests known as Gaal Madow Wars against the Oromo warriors, converting whoever was captured into Islam. The defeated Oromo had no option but to migrate elsewhere.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rt92BPu84R8xgJocsvT1F41afzuAR0MlryjsAl6ZWVcA0uKhKv5cRbMkHTj9meyyYpBE1yTg8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is a sisal rope, used for fastening goods on a camel when going to the market.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Raac1WHxEd7w6QTd0FXhqRwgGKTc3wRqxM5pvp3lrnbOnDXCu1u0i-geKeOke1xtl4GFgy",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eClan system\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Somali were organized into clans, which were traditionally headed by religious leaders called Sultans. All clan leaders formed a council of elders, which was in charge of the day to day affairs of the community (making major clan decisions, settling disputes, maintaining law and order) and acting as the final court of appeal. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere were also community members with special responsibilities – for instance, Sheikhs and medicine men, who were highly regarded in the community. Their opinions would be sought before important decisions were made.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TCb8O0BIDdReeHcOXlZN88ysg9THk-lTGHmik6asRsIPW2lgnUaR1yJiX2hpsfO2gfI2G9jrc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMen provided protection\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a crude spear made by a local blacksmith. The shaft was shaped with a big knife, and it was used by herdsmen to fight off enemies and also lions.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QCLU_RUFWWxyXP3QdSrk64JcrmnhAExjVE9H-9zds0uffuCUfat5LrAl_HImyURbRYHWh6STo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWomen thatched their houses\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eDuful\u003c/i\u003e is a twined mat with fringed grass attached to one side. It was made by women from \u003ci\u003eowo\u003c/i\u003e leaves. These were carried on camels\u0026#39; backs and used to build houses. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Somali lived in temporary settlements consisting of a semi-circular or circular arrangement of houses, erected around open space which was partitioned into pens for the livestock. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe houses were prefabricated and portable structures, readily erected and dismantled. Erecting and dismantling the houses was traditionally the responsibility of the women.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rd8ITRa800yxVEqJ3JNt_pm44NSE42rzIC4fLMIiAH6Pb7kIyoFOdge_0gvCzW5hGHFiOaxlg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncense pot\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese pots were used by women, who would place hot charcoal in the burner and add some sweet smelling spices. They used this to keep their houses smelling nice. The incense burner was also placed in an oval openwork basket, on which the women would sit so that the incense would scent their clothes and bodies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TPSrlr8LbcvbdcG4_zqktpwdm0w7OPdXK1lh7RXUZaT8gQkmKRKeJ7BW055wFiRDyEjaK46A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarriage cane\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a cane of about 18 inches long with a leather thong as a handle. The handle is covered with tan colored leather, and the lower part with closely woven string, painted yellow. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was made by the men from goatskin, string and a metal stick from the shops. The color was obtained from the \u003ci\u003eKorow\u003c/i\u003etree; its stems were mixed with water and heated, then the color would be smeared on when cold. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSuch canes were never sold, but made specially for marriage ceremonies. They were used to confirm the marriage, and the newly married groom would hit the bride on the back three times on the first day of marriage.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Somali widely practiced polygamy, as Islamic laws allow a man to have as many as four wives.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SDEqu6MsPV_FmuPvRDDVVKtpS-UYQ1hhxbMrdGDvCEqKPXqXfBhIwBXfcn4ngMkC4joniSDQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDecorated aluminium ornaments\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMavasa\u003c/i\u003e is an oval pendant. It was made by melting down and beating out an old splay cooking pot, then decorating it with an incised pattern, worked with a small splay ended awl. It was made by a male craftsman and worn by women attached to their necklaces.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RDBWzpZ7nVG17bV7an_cjKt3CsFjVhs7hduTAQRc9ZKfXYn03oREmo9pF82yV5dls5GfEI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWooden spoons\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese spoons were carved by men and used for eating.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rai-JQGOGUt3Yr_3ta8EsBbYNDP7IKzN2BVgneSQnsQ-imW9tTIdm8bq0MMDb2Zv4P4s88ww",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDecorated women\u0026#39;s comb\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA decorated comb made by men from wood of the Hagar tree. It was used by women to comb their hair.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T4mJjWhGYyzMvDwjJUKXf7A-JX-rIKI9ruYyDje7fwO5F1hbiQIfn4zHW03Dzqz5dJNLBtVw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCarved stool\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis low stool with two legs was used by everyone. However, women traditionally used low stools, while men used the higher ones. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAll men in the community knew how to carve the stools, but some specialized in the skill. Usually one or two men would make them in each homestead, using the \u003ci\u003ehagar\u003c/i\u003e wood.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QxPm5MI8NY-ra0TQOOPhK_b4kJexSUD0Kaw1s-fbF5loMkkuIxWiXXTwLeel3mMQXScK57EsY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe art of basketry\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a half-done basket, woven using an awl. The material used is from wild sisal (\u003ci\u003esansavieria\u003c/i\u003e), which has been cut. A hole would then have been dug in the ground, and something burned inside it to dry the sisal. The sisal leaves would then be buried in the hole for three to four weeks, after which they are ready for use. Before a Somali girl married, she had to prepare such baskets for her own home.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RMYV5JoC4oDwrmTAHwvv0PAugzupi6yLmf6USPGSTreGWCPy5-wyLnzKeHKwZju9UG_dJF",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA defense sword\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis sword was made from scrap metal by a blacksmith, and used by men as a weapon for defense, and for cutting meat.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SFzCXrFcgVVXojET5XtSQlOgAHseTgRBihrlD--AiAdUz0774Y9axSEMzEITfh3VgKuKVMDA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCharm\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis necklace was made by women from large colored ivory beads attached to two charms. The charms were made from horse skin, inside which was placed a letter from the Sheikh. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA sick person would have his sickness diagnosed by the Sheikh, who had referred to the Quran, and the pocket would then be prepared. These charms were used to prevent all types of sicknesses and diseases.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Tugen Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RBvut8kQi7Eyl5fJ6oKVWXXVRKcAPyYVgGkRJA2d5FMVqGOMJBx0OhsH_Xf7gm_CXrLYPT","/story/5AXBFaAtZObRJA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"5AXBFaAtZObRJA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SvVB-Il4HQ8RhjvcfmWDg8-zUk1rCbk9XmOQKZ4XiNKE3dS4jyKYXPoaJWsYTj_FFPpkQkEX4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDaniel Toroitich arap Moi\u0026#39;s cloak\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDaniel Toroitich arap Moi served as Kenya\u0026#39;s second president, from 1978 to 2002. He wore this cloak, which is made from colobus monkey skin.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOrigin and migration\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Tugen live around Baringo and parts of Nakuru counties. Their oral traditions indicate that they migrated from the north, west and east of their present settlement. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe largest part of their population originated from the west, a place known as Sumo, in an area located between Mount Elgon and Cherangany Hills. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe rest migrated from the north (Suguta, Lake Turkana), the east (Koilegen, Mount Kenya), and brought with them non-Kalenjin speaking people.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE00bnl5ZURBbWJtUk9fXzhrelM5VHJxSXFDY0d3XzJ6Q0tDaVJJ",88.12751615176886,9.827077560996699,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipM4nyyeDAmbmRO__8kzS9TrqIqCcGw_2zCKCiRI\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-9.827078-ya128.12752-fo81.90045",null,81.90044838012531,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE00bnl5ZURBbWJtUk9fXzhrelM5VHJxSXFDY0d3XzJ6Q0tDaVJJ\u0026sv_f\u003d81.90044838012531\u0026sv_h\u003d88.12751615176886\u0026sv_p\u003d9.827077560996699",null,320,[10,"AF1QipM4nyyeDAmbmRO__8kzS9TrqIqCcGw_2zCKCiRI"],"SvInfo:b650c3d2-4b3c-4922-9d19-184e8736537b"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SOoygzYlQl95NJQkiZnitj1xfVlohjbB58lLxG4GKQMV7EfZVeyIy7UyfuArTapSqfRQCA-Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReligion and beliefs\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Tugen pray to their God, \u003ci\u003eAsis\u003c/i\u003e (sun). They also have other gods, namely: \u003ci\u003eChepapkoyo\u003c/i\u003e (god of harvest) and \u003ci\u003eCheptengeryan\u003c/i\u003e (god of love).\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S__kna8WWU8SCCbhb5LOtdvOZ8-8qFOs2Vbrmluc8k1WslJjwpBlygFBj1ZDw-WdH4lJu4DSI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is a cowhide thong (\u003ci\u003eRiguita\u003c/i\u003e), made by women and used for tethering cows. It would have been tied around the neck or one leg to tether an animal to a particular grazing area.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RFoGyEHIkMmuF3L2c7r5mdf0iEqFL8oL9fI92gayKGjoKZi0E6d-GGyFyfV7zYz6SPpKYeNDM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming tools\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a hoe (\u003ci\u003emogombe\u003c/i\u003e), made of an iron blade fitted with a wooden haft (\u003ci\u003eGedit\u003c/i\u003e). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe blade was made by a blacksmith, while each owner would add a suitable handle. It was used by women for digging in the fields.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q8j-tnNyiZ1XN6tc0WSq2D2rYcHGZpLMUpfiLBrZtEbld7r03xULIFjyKuzixLGeJ3tp1v4A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProtecting the community\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis shield was used for defence purposes during warfare. It was made from hippopotamus hide by a specialist. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe hide would be cut, curved and bound with leather. It would then be buried in soil for three days until it was stiff enough to be beaten into shape with a hammer.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TugJMT3l-ObGWPSC9HnCni5FSW2Us9Vi0aVVT2_F2d-53-7dDVoKDDbecSpKxzGlwGq2oaolI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaking utensils and woodwork\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTugen men used an adze to carve out wood and make food bowls (\u003ci\u003etubei\u003c/i\u003e). They were useful for families who ate together and passed food around in the bowl.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qh6vAoZdX8kYCnxueEqQizPMKJMpUSLk6Or7dB_xSRqWAphqG2yga9Ufk3Gp9NO51-SY-66L_g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChildbirth\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a belt made by women from cowhide and cowrie shells, and used by a new grandmother whose daughter had just given birth. A belt with one row of cowries would usually be worn by a girl and a second row added later, when she became a mother. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA new grandmother would wear a belt with three rows, and a great grandmother would wear four. Sometimes, if the great grandmother had passed on, the fourth row would still be added on to her old belt. The belt would have been passed on to her eldest son and was kept in his lineage.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA belt like this would also be hung over the neck of a goat, which was later given as a special present to the husband\u0026#39;s family.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QP8lO5RiJZbZ0WWkC1InA87ukocJP75gjUvxOvnlZCQaKJdSXGrtt7P0_IYhlohHxeg-etF5nJ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCircumcision\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese are two earblocks, which were made and worn by uncircumcised girls to stretch their earlobes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBoys would wear ear plugs (\u003ci\u003esora\u003c/i\u003e) in each earlobe after circumcision. In each age-set, the initiates were bundled into \u003ci\u003esiritie\u003c/i\u003e, or what can be understood as a team. There were three \u0026#39;teams\u0026#39; or \u003ci\u003esiritoik\u003c/i\u003e in an age-set (\u003ci\u003eibindo\u003c/i\u003e). Men circumcised together had a very high level of solidarity.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q2qm4K5uD-TKhcFJeuK9FOIgwX7dT_LC37gIZt9YOacJJXp-UnojiqfIjhVb0H_cEa2ONk7Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTugen girl\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA young Tugen girl dressed for circumcision.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eToday circumcision of girls is illegal in Kenya, and communities are encouraged to use alternative initiation practices.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tkk_esUDB94WJQ2UbPNRiR20ySTH4tg2zQ3iNxjimb3_Uay2vJ-ogECnlSirHXa84mEbisEos",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarriage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an earring (\u003ci\u003emwanikabitik\u003c/i\u003e) with beads and zip fastener, stitched on cowhide all around the edge. It was made and worn by married women.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally Tugen didn\u0026#39;t consider a woman as belonging to an age-set until she was married. She could marry any age-set except that to which her father belonged. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMarriage ceremonies were highly valued in Tugen society.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RjXFcTFFxpDCfhnNnKkTVnKTgq2vYQG0KH-gs9zBwzJo3VmTfsdOh9GiVtojdqGI6GFRKyemM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNeacklace\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis necklace was worn and made by uncircumcised girls. It is covered with red ochre and made of twelve strings of beads. These were made from wood of the \u003ci\u003ekipungeiwa\u003c/i\u003e tree and cowhide spacers, threaded on wild sisal thread (\u003ci\u003ekilembele\u003c/i\u003e). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe wooden beads were cut with a knife for decoration, and the outer edge is a string of white oblong beads, each separated by four or six red beads threaded on wire.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RDb3L_xbSuEh51bhcV2Fc9YTjORtPlo5xAdZLnpVUDr3nlX6ESAZqH61D-L7KCc1KDDzzb",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEntertainment\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis lyre is a traditional musical instrument made of wood, with a tin top and bottom. It has six strings and the resonator has a wooden bridge. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLyres like this were made and played by young men, to accompany singing and entertain guests in the evening.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RdaiXBowOUzUsXAdpq7PdxRCI1gZXnpoLTIDRLXa1DL6G5hGbCWWLyBrCJX3c5aEq40Qeueg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAnklets\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a pair of anklets made from Colobus monkey (\u003ci\u003eKoroit\u003c/i\u003e) skin – one with a row of white and row of orange beads, and the other with green and orange beads at the top edge. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe monkey was caught and killed by a Morani, who then made the anklets and would have worn them particularly at dances and ceremonies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGame hunting is now illegal in Kenya.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Luo Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QI4kArlzTvivS5UCCtGyH8y7I9N8ncpaWw5wnpRyYuMTOlTiJYCwuJjXSHTacKHpmqpFtc","/story/7QWRxv0EFVKDLg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"7QWRxv0EFVKDLg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T3-wBayyqMRqQrgboT3Ts9VWE_FYA6z4Oo3qAlE5wAw6qoT08FcV17iSTvhsv31r2KKxY0QAUt",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFrom Sudan to Lake Victoria\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Luo are a Nilotic-speaking group, who are believed to have originated from Sudan, and are now settled around the Lake Victoria basin in Kenya and Tanzania. Other Luo groups are found in Uganda, Congo, Ethiopia and Sudan.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rc5QcI1sepQeTmPZQ3AoYJx2NrGV1TZuydQB6bxT0zMdUQIj5su0UawYhk7XhwFiYcC4SMUA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNyasaye and the supernatural\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Luo believed in God the creator, Nyasaye, whom they worshiped in sacred places (hembko or hembho). The sacred shrines, trees, huge rocks, hills, and Lake Victoria were associated with the supernatural.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TJhM4EWZS2baY9U-IexXMZeEcoam0s184K3ULZCzvru633UX1s2n928Vn4oWqqLfZofb3gtg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe legend Luanda Magere\u003c/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA long time ago a story is told of a Luo legend who was a mighty warrior from Kano. He was called Luanda Magere from the Sidho clan. It was believed that his body was made of hard rock and nothing could harm him. During this time, the Luo were in constant conflict with the Nandi people and raids were common and every time the two communities met, the Nandi warriors would be crushed by Luanda. The Luo always triumphed in the war as many enemies fell by Luanda’s spear.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SFDcRE3aq8ZyGfHTmzk4IqHeyNGXVmF9CXdaCdZ7lXe03OWga6BiSM5mmZfO3IOxEMvm1c5alM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eA time came when, during Luanda’s first wife’s absence, he fell seriously ill. The local medicine-man prescribed some herbs that had to be rubbed on Luanda\u0026#39;s body. Since his first wife was absent, the second wife had to undertake that task. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo her surprise, Luanda asked her to cut his shadow and administer the herbs. At first she thought that her dear husband had plunged into the pool of insanity, but little did she know that that was where his strength lay. After cutting his shadow she was filled with disbelief when blood trickled from his shadow.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RYvjgHBZb5oPz0mdlXxmGA82XVl52rTc2QlobfZfyJFVNkXv1GjJsSOBsjWibrnhYvTrGjnTI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eOn this discovery, Lwanda’s second wife crept out in the night, ran to her people and relayed the information. The Nandi strategized and attacked the Luo once again. During the attack, Lwanda\u0026#39;s shadow was struck by a spear and he fell lifeless on the battlefield. The Nandi were ecstatic about their victory, whereas the Luo were filled with great dismay following the loss of a great warrior.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA rock stands at the spot where Luanda Magere allegedly fell, and locals believe that sharpening your hunting tool on that rock guaranteed one of a successful hunt.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QLXnAK2mw7jRozE9JUWfo6lfadbK8_8O9SV-_No4ZRJ5V7xAIb4KUojGClzPtcGQKpRNpqHQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eGrowing up, Gor gave many prophesies that came true including a prophecy where \u0026#39;baby-like\u0026#39; creatures were manifested, who were unstoppable as locusts. He warned the courageous warriors not to kill them because they had sticks that spat fire-guns.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003ehe extent of his magic was so powerful that herbalists visit his graveyard to partake of his powers\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R8R14x5aABZa25E9jBfGVMgv8ERTVeYZ0TRolF9x1wYf599iGPZSmWU0qooZ7v-QRhP3Vjt766",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInitiation\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Luo initiation was done by removing six front teeth from the lower jaw. The significance of this rite was to test courage and endurance of both men and women, and also to administer medicine in case of diseases such as lockjaw.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QTUbWUHvgbgqwCEIj9EX8s7Z9tDgSgAuQO3DwnDuBAQmyTK7FozUsrgLSbKPO-APvENXTi0Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe long way to marriage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Luo marriage process happened in phases. When a man spotted the girl he wanted to marry, he sent a few men from his clan to the girl\u0026#39;s parents, and they would express his interest. The two families would investigate if there was any blood relation or ancestral connection between the two families, as it is the Luo custom that a man and a woman from the same clan should not marry.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAfter that, a \u0026quot;go between\u0026quot; (Jagam) would investigate the reputation of both families: if they practised witchcraft or sorcery, or had cases of madness, murder and diseases. Leprosy, epilepsy, sleeping sickness were considered hereditary and were possible grounds to stop a marriage.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe groom and his family would then proceed to pay the first bride wealth payment (Angea), which could be money or other gifts, but not cattle. Angea was paid to the mother of the girl, and she would cook a special meal of chicken for the guests. The actual bride price involved an agreed number of cattle.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe man would would then plan to \u0026#39;abduct\u0026#39; the girl, either from the market or when she was fetching water. The \u0026#39;abduction\u0026#39; was of symbol of status and everyone would know the girl was taken.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QYfmgKEHCAR8OZFbrj9-y7mU3UMLyRoZ0iJby5tvwrMcjsta0M9MXqqK87iB6F1Igiz4WzamI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProtecting the clan\u003c/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eShields had three major socio-cultural applications: as defensive tools against attacks, used in mock fights (when village boys scrambled to take the initiates home) and in song and dance during traditional funeral ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RcRsi9gW23SIU7FPLsjxXipzQKA2jEVmX-R9m3MIcCaeyANuS38fobAUiyVA-42ejGoghM8Qw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe great Luo women\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLuo women played a great role in the family. Traditionally, they carried out most of the domestic chores, took care of the children, and taught them their language and traditions. The women wore goat skin and elaborate headdresses decorated with feathers and beads.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q82lkEHDOdd-ojnYpro0Fn4gWJMRtrizBUodIhsdt3nJkkl7KKAwG4T3gWNUktcHObMFWyIg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe afterlife and funeral dress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Luo believed that the dead joined the spirit world where they still had influence on living relatives. They could either be happy, or sad evil spirits who would cause calamities until they were appeased. Hence, the living accorded them a decent send off and prepared them to be ancestors. The burial ceremony included rites of mourning, dancing and slaughtering of animals.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis mask was worn during funerals, and is made of hide and cow\u0026#39;s teeth. The crown is a cape decorated with cowrie shells and cow horns.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RTnIGI0nrAiv9wsHJr0tFAGMBjt5vlnx7bPXglbcayidoivPg4LjpIAsHE4CG6VRO0pfsBjJU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCobra bone and healing\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWitch doctors or medicine men were important in the Luo community. Cobra bones were used for healing effects. The back bones of a cobra were arranged in a chain form and sold by a witch doctor as medicine for a sick person. The pieces were sold one by one, burnt, and the ash was used to relieve pain. The area where one was experiencing pain would be cut with a blade and rubbed with this ash. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCobra bones were also tied around the waist when traveling in the bush for protection against being attacked by a cobra. The witch doctor would go into the bush to search for cobra bones, and if he could not find any he ordered the hunters to kill one and sell it to him.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RfAlmLOaK5X9Y8bNmpMB1azjQGbkxPMhaIV4j9-XgZuoE6ALN9_yK31cGXAAQ48fnGz3JPIcs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFishing trap\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe fishing trap is described as a trap that \u0026#39;never goes without catching fish\u0026#39;. When fishing, about three to four strings are tied to a long stick, then baited and immersed into the water. As the fish rush into the trap, it is pulled out of the water, catching the fish.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T7l1g2aXl6klCRzChkv5L0PDukeiXV1uQa-tOYLXOMSijjbnEhPRG0xOJ4Ja1V8r061VeB6Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAgriculture: grain stores\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere were two types of Luo grain stores. One was made from wickerwork and the other from papyrus reeds. They were sometimes plastered with clay and cow dung. A short ladder from a forked branch was placed against the body of the basket and accessed through an opening at the top of the basket, immediately under the roof. Such granaries are fast disappearing from modern Luo homesteads.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis granary was made from millet sticks at the base of the conical shaped roof, which was thatched and covered a large container. The basket-like container was made by continuous twisting of the soft twigs, and held by crossed branches on the base and two sides.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SOYIieTc6S41Slbp-KbaODsSkLjBHRt9vfLB1b8ZOmYFRtlL8hQ5XDNYMbukqFtQDpwZjzqRQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHunting animals and collecting honey\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eUsing spears, arrows and knives, the Luo hunted birds and small animals including deer, antelope, rabbits, guinea fowl, porcupine among others for food, skins and horns. They got feathers from birds to decorate their headdresses, horns as musical instruments, and made clothes from the animal skins to cover their bodies. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Luo also harvested honey from trunks of large trees. They smoked the bees out by burning sticks, and collect the honey in containers by hand, which was then carried home.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QwkydvUNbjMPVEFs9VLR7pE2pY5sUOKavyZ7UbX-l3S6xPIcM-v4QvBUx_NdxcfQBbwbiK6is",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Abu\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Abu is a traditional musical instrument used by the Luo. It was made by several gourds stuck together using beeswax, and tied with the bark of the \u0026#39;powo\u0026#39; (a grewia) tree. The Abu was traditionally made and blown by men, producing a deep, loud sound during important ceremonies for entertainment.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TLAVkHYTzFSpYwNcchrW-qS9OMyySUdyFlOeNNtR8Rr9QLAMm2ux6Ubw9rVltBjKV8su8C_go",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Nyatiti\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe eight stringed musical instrument is locally known as \u0026#39;Nyatiti\u0026#39;. It is a plucked bowl yoke lute, which was played for entertainment.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QvB0e1tZyPLslcxtCJq06NFGkLx9Q0pz9sPNjMP-z8SoAiO54oi77KNaKvKq0_Qyg5s2yl58Y",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFly whisk\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis fly whisk was made from an animal\u0026#39;s tail and fitted with a wooden handle. It was used by women during traditional song and dance ceremonies. It was also used by diviners to send off bad spirits, and in other instances it was used to bless people.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tk49Oq-fqZ2DuQjeLxBzOii40-OSrSc3j72VnBoXScGtoyJXsuocsqPAiFicXs2wXUGbLGydE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Fiddle\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Fiddle is a musical instrument made from a tin covered with leather skin and tied with a wire. It was played by men to produce melodic sounds.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Njemps Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RogiMgOnzWLGjIwY9PwHLrHWswEayH3q4YIIRc6zSaD_bWQdCQUN3YLRifL2mEpcVGetlb","/story/BwVhTUOAGTqrKA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"BwVhTUOAGTqrKA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOrigin and migration\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere are two theories that explain the origin of the Njemps. One theory suggests that they came from a section of the Samburu, called Il-Doigolo, in the mid-eighteenth century. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe other theory proposes that they are a remnant of one of the Il-Oikop/Il-kwavi Maasai, who were defeated by Ilkapi Maasai. They settled around the south and east of Lake Baringo, where they became sedentary agriculturalists.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE1FbFh1MnJwX3VxQmZ6RmgzeVpJMExnamJObjQtdThpQ21tT3B2",88.65203802786341,11.585175803979894,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMElXu2rp_uqBfzFh3yZI0LgjbNn4-u8iCmmOpv\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-11.5851755-ya-32.34796-fo112.35694",null,112.35693865520648,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE1FbFh1MnJwX3VxQmZ6RmgzeVpJMExnamJObjQtdThpQ21tT3B2\u0026sv_f\u003d112.35693865520648\u0026sv_h\u003d88.65203802786341\u0026sv_p\u003d11.585175803979894",null,121,[10,"AF1QipMElXu2rp_uqBfzFh3yZI0LgjbNn4-u8iCmmOpv"],"SvInfo:6c9c1b61-7275-4b27-8dd9-32eacb9a6ced"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QgnJ2pzEa6daqfulV1jV9UG_C3Jwr_zuM9rf8pdiNQEhZamuAuR2lHWjTAfsM6Hsc3S8fTfPE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRole of elders\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Njemps had a council of elders, who were responsible for settling quarrels, offering sacrifices, and conducting ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S1XDxGRUDb-29RSgFDlWMFIyJEVKJ5hFDCJ0CG1BDMZlfZLw8or47nnWpZU55u6h0BZvLgNj4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFishing in Lake Baringo\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis fishing canoe (\u003ci\u003eKaldich\u003c/i\u003e) was made by men from \u003ci\u003eambach\u003c/i\u003e wood and tied together using wild sisal (\u003ci\u003eRapai\u003c/i\u003e). Men would sit on the light pieces of \u003ci\u003eambach\u003c/i\u003e wood and use two wooden paddles to move the canoe on Lake Baringo, where they fished.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R1jqa30uZfA91LIUPeBVdRcyDkC0yeYlzKGxAmSHpOtFhbnnuY-TQrjoNzrpE6NyPJMNc1pLw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWooden paddles\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese are canoe paddles made from \u003ci\u003ekaemai\u003c/i\u003e wood. They were made by men and used for paddling \u003ci\u003eambach\u003c/i\u003e canoes while fishing on Lake Baringo.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TRpggLTMl4lV-oEOAyqbBs_6OvttIgI6hOpHRx3sID5VB_egVvI_z4aXUocXGuXGx1PaseY_Sh",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming and irrigation\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis wooden hoe was used for digging by the Njemps, who practice farming along Lake Baringo. Since part of the area is usually dry and has unreliable rainfall, the Njemps use irrigation to stimulate crop growth.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R2Q6ETz8L4FUHVeEq3Gv38oDdnCT2hTQTWpKBrLvM4a9fWjtjE2Pl4C5Xj3fiPiAuq7vcfO3I",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHoney gathering\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis traditional wooden barrel with cowhide and twisted fiber straps was used for storing honey. Men harvested honey and put it into the container. Honey was then carried home for use in other various activities like making beer or eating.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RRUQYO0dBxHTbxDYZhYmS_TH4mylQvTFHk2EonthnWS4xiE-fAOAWvz8ZLWylxU2ytiteP",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNjemps warrior\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Njemps warrior wearing a lion mane headdress, indicating his status. He holds a shield, spear and axe.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SiwN21VsZab5el-SOYViqky816gMtbNIkY1Qw0t_OwRJxakG_6FtCzHf8aRnpPvKCAdyy2gTw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMen hunted and protected the community\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis barbed arrow is made from iron, sticks, and feathers. It was used by men for hunting wild animals, and as a weapon when they were attacked.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q8Za1N0A-fuamHrjGCShz2mI0cr_XKmx7yBfN81nqOj-Kg8KQuuCkzqnnp0yhD53bVkhW-gIil",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHunting for meat\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis club (\u003ci\u003eeng\u0026#39;udi\u003c/i\u003e), made from \u003ci\u003esalabani\u003c/i\u003e wood, was carved by a Moran or an older man using a panga and a penknife. It would have been thrown at animals\u0026#39; legs to put them down.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QW1hXuxAkNGz1WVJhO0xsP1CW-KSPdATFK3EURlybVyXbe9ga1Fv3UO-R9N5_C8v57ErfYcCE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChildren\u0026#39;s ear plugs\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese wooden earplugs (\u003ci\u003esura\u003c/i\u003e), with holes at the centre, are made from \u003ci\u003eLabusekeil\u003c/i\u003e wood. They were made and worn on the earlobes by young boys and girls. At the age of six (\u003ci\u003eLibatin Awari\u003c/i\u003e), the earlobes were cut and the plugs inserted.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T6P7A3MpRPLxNIOz6Uvp2MIfACmD0frKS4Bb4hphal3wymkp9XYtQ_lsYwc_491Bp8CDV57w",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eColorful beads\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA pair of bead earrings (\u003ci\u003eoIchonyi onkiya\u003c/i\u003e) sewn on leather and worn on each earlobe by married women.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TmIF_CBhgpN54oY3r9xnOhmWpF9BVa2bTVjRHlOsnARkPYUl16xw_gngY3bnScdgkKiDPj5zQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCopper earrings\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCopper earrings made by a blacksmith.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RBeF3H2PeW4pdFDqEYcWYjgAyqGtaaQB-Q5WuG-1fVsIA35RTZjdH9sa3khjfiVSTCML89-w",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMen\u0026#39;s ornament\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an earring made from copper wire, coiled over an iron rod and worn by old men as an ornament.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q0jNPk0DAdPwOcI2VVhR_6qyx1hOmrTQerid17BByOFnFitiGAmEpEjHnd-xgHOClJAZlowA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBeaded skirt\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis kind of skirt (\u003ci\u003eOlekesena\u003c/i\u003e) was made from goat skin (or cowhide), decorated with beads. Women would scrape off the hair from the goat skin and make it supple by rubbing sheep fat mixed with red ochre. Then colorful beads would be sown on. It was worn by women.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R15ECiG3-53Izq4kDgI7WE6zeNYC3TVWV17GVpw1mCmRR65zl_gusxbqk17ZteiS3gWCGYSqCn",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSandals\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a cowhide sandal (\u003ci\u003enkamuka\u003c/i\u003e) that has a double sole and coil of cowhide on the straps for decoration. These were made by men and worn by everybody.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TzmjEMOwqk--37pEHpxH6PQ1lOrB8slz-UVME1fUsZ5SJQk0XUK6s57N_leXcpgZwWbshxhma7",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOld men loved their tobacco\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis tobacco box (\u003ci\u003eilkidong\u003c/i\u003e) is made from a black plastic pipe with cow hide ends and a handle. It was made by old men and the bead work done by their wives. Old men used it to keep tobacco that they chewed for leisure.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Turkana Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QeFhsx7Z9zIbD4lWIdAHgd2WPAotxRD4SuP-S0CVuxurJA7DT3Ib8RCfvNip_DCtGLjrdg","/story/bQVhzJJ5QTQNIg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"bQVhzJJ5QTQNIg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RVAbewFpRUoB2PFrZd2HGaCyhpN3zCY6rngKikr-ZOyOOMEeTTaPP3cDTTMW6zXbXW7vhPKeYw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe breathtaking Lake Turkana\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Turkana are believed to have migrated from southern Sudan and settled around Lake Turkana, where they mainly kept their livestock. Those close to lake Turkana and river Turkwel carried out fishing and farming in addition to pastoralism.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sd0LimOGRFPmsYRK0hyIcm3qRAeNTg39b6Gl6wFGVAj8McsA0u8dMFexltBm2zdCluuEHkNn8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eDue to their nomadic way of life, the Turkana traditionally had no centralised governance system. However, certain social positions were granted to individuals based on their wealth, war skills, divination, as well as positive personal qualities.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qhk4qEYxhqj-UbrSgklvcPcYdnT7CwjfmggyJ98vz6LCLwxtzcvcv89Kwz-uXHTG19xTS_mQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTurkana women\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTurkana women traditionally took care of the children and household duties. They excelled in making beaded ornaments and building new semi-permanent houses each time the homestead shifted as a result of their nomadic lifestyle.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SNBrJ37l6-Cg7SRAwxfVu9hMM2EHJFC6YLiapRxqzSalhcgGMg5hrRbAy6RQjupBGkEJcr2QWN",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTypical Turkana homestead\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis photograph depicts a traditional Turkana village.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R-LAHVPJyWR87HYSR5H26E8-m0exaj6WqcSeOD6B3X6F4vfmCtZKTifJDolGJoTZw4SnOWlqU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTurkana girls\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYoung Turkana girls adorned in their traditional attire and characteristic hairdo.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QjL81chsK3KFC_zrb5V5wlencqJjMlHeB8qTIkxG77Mnu7AduaOf_hiIwBA2bphPnu6Ka3hw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFertility doll\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe doll is made of doum palm fruit and beads, and was carried by young girls until they married.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TartHp7nQNCIGtrMG_EwYGfVemNcIleal3NCvaVo_lZlCUqstW_Cj0huHxf7a52KXoTFAZUw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eJoyous Turkana women wearing traditional ceremonial costumes\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe women have adorned themselves with traditional beaded head ornaments and necklaces some of which are made from elephant\u0026#39;s tail. A woman wearing the necklace made from an elephant\u0026#39;s tail signifies that she is married.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SRrY5oYkFjfc0duN4KfPUiJNMIBpaxTBshg_ABnhN2dOmQY1q7rkR4hc87cl_-jHWDWe6VFdXz",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEarrings of old aluminium cooking pots\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a pair of leaf shaped aluminium earrings, which were worn by older women and hung from the helix of the ear.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QDAfIEHC1g3ZLz6baXzNk_lGJgqAjQVFyAFg7OLZKPYK8aHDQLuQnbVztHANAqQgQyosrqWeE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAbwor apron\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn intricate beaded apron in red, blue and white, worn by women.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QAxdIgb1w3sCxUNnpmFaup9tq8Hqa6nem4OoHbhlt9mSyJRn9RcfuYgY8wywNL_xW0Vnn53VY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTwo men engaging in a recreational stick fight\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTurkana men made weapons, such as spears, which they used to protect their cattle, and hunt birds and small animals.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RtNDIHZKuKKbAoeiNHiQJp9-X_Nxx2vR01mSsXFq7fUCreoJeEW3-VK5TGVqWnoRPn0cjX",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHunting for food\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis stick was cut from wood of the \u003ci\u003eedome\u003c/i\u003e (\u003ci\u003ecordia ghara\u003c/i\u003e) tree and used by men and boys for throwing at animals and birds. Angles were cut on head to make sharp spikes for killing. It was thrown sideways so that it has a flat irregular rotary motion.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QPKGg-eMIRMAZxJqL-X960I4FN1UANbYA_ImlvUvwMW2-XBgmSBDTWApKudM5L_sEP9ScK9Uus",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWrist knife\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis wrist knife was made from scrap iron by a Turkana blacksmith. It was used by men for cutting meat and as a weapon for fighting when necessary.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SiaOwCBIPxhuDiGQ7wBidFBTbI7UpntT2yGJ9ieEjcg4iw285ExctGNLS6hPhwo4589ZN-Ew",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFinger knife\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMade from a nail three inches long, this type of knife was used for cutting meat or thread, and was commonly found among the Pokot and Turkana.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SUV0hwvMyUGGOuoiWRnZD_1V_MLHka8JVGWOfn8TNkflVGukJ4_nT5l_4xqtkVW17NNOP1Au4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTraditional dance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe women and men are wearing ceremonial costumes made from animal skin and fitted with decorative beads. They are also wearing traditional beaded necklaces and coiled aluminium armbands.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TUywX0j0hYrV7-qDXDYhPAvKR6H9oPd8k6EI0_PliGDK4xCFt51iLtOfEKhbBK4TRdX2xABNBZ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMale dancers\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDepicted in the photo is a group of men preparing to perform a cultural dance.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SZh6dig4ZEMUdmdqyVNU_x5qK_5dLmOchlGDzEMba0CTMuEC_gfDDLkYeOD1HVb-FH9ThdzA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHigh-jumping and dancing\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA group of Turkana men performing a traditional dance, which includes high-jumping.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RWnjb2yeyRlk8j4q5j602dXL40AgrsssC99m1Yih4xQpjqqOYv3nMjVnHa1JSj9I_mputaRyA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSets of leg bells sewn on khaki cloth\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe bells were made by a blacksmith from scrap iron, and used for dancing by both men and women. Worn below the knee, they were used especially at wedding ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SgGxwB_0M6gerHkIFWHtxeL0N9G_IS_v3iiVrP_Tg30VSxhHi0oe6FMqh4tE8LgPgZ9ZSl",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHead ornament\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an ornament used to stick into a mud pack coiffure to hold ostrich feathers. It has a number of deep holes formed of string topped with woven fine copper wire. It was made and used only by men.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QFLhi2jqXxmq9OQqoDOgFy8gkLJgLnorSVwzYfAj45xleg00gUfCqovP59GJX4CjwO3EsaZFnB",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTurkana rituals\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDuring such ceremonies, men usually sit on a headrest or stool in a semi-circular formation preparing to perform a ritual.\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"Celebrating Kenya's Cultural Heritage","The Turkana Community"]],["stella.common.cobject","The Borana Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T-SXDMKguZ-m4Kal6uUQ85gM9KAE3UAXTcVEbkqrNTKPuCiFQR_KHCX6lyXLKuKqTGzigmXQ","/story/jQUhOyf6zN3pIQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"jQUhOyf6zN3pIQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qf9Gd0a30zd6LX-Px1L88-2Wl5grIgDCHblgAGsUe8amcKEwWejRda4FdgVBEpB0MY_uC1gw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Borana migrated from southern Ethiopia to Northern Kenya, where they mainly live in Marsabit and Isiolo Counties.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T1JFKs2lYhhpvehtiSzb6gvnNyVR9ZAUk6R8s2duCEEiRqsRcnQBjDlWRv9IGBuvjUmcN5qRs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTravelling long distances by camel\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCamel seats like this were used by children when the community was travelling long distances.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tx4KU2nR1QQHTVfwAVbP5l3q2rqb72sbJGBxGjfDWT6WXDswyrNbeo1Dimdi0UPZuDXQz7BQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReligious beliefs\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBefore the spread of Islam, the Borana believed in a monotheistic communication through intermediary priests (Qalla). They believed that objects such as trees, springs, and rocks had spirits. Today, some Borana are Muslims while others are Christians.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S7-QrItlc2VDcgAeoidZUCVtHCaJDl33d6TKsO4OQ_oXC_aBvrfPMXmnGdRJ1HojmJ8NmbAg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRespected elders wore white shorts\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a pair of shorts (formerly white in color) made of cotton cloth. It was worn by a respected village elder.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TXEAsbJjy7TTA0UUNzhFWWgmhqeWSr4reWafKf8BTBx7KJbpn4JP-HMy9ZC23lytcJ9swuNA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWomen occupied a senior position\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Borana were polygamous and the eldest wife in every family occupied a senior position. Women had the responsibility to build houses - portable, traditional round grass huts called \u0026#39;dasse\u0026#39; - and relocate from place to place.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TPs1Jb43N_2Wzz5uxU9H6l3uPoqf78rLyzpJlzqfGG2wI5xwaitHK24tLW5pBYnhJLqeXjl0I",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe roles of the men\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Borana boy would start hunting wild animals - elephants, lions, rhinos and buffalos - in his late teens. He would gain special status if he killed an animal. A man who had accomplished many acts of bravery and wisdom had more chances of being chosen as the leader of the age group. A leader was admired and respected by all.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TVCeu-dupuUdcm1_o2Voj2zgtNnIXrxXmrigwEFPlj-YF5lWr1fv4DhbSrijut5LbLa9NcM6UX",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIvory armlets of wealth\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese armlets were worn by men as a sign of the wealth of their cattle herd. A man without cattle was called \u003ci\u003eQolle guutu hiikhan\u003c/i\u003e, “a destitute whose hair is unbraided”.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TVCeu-dupuUdcm1_o2Voj2zgtNnIXrxXmrigwEFPlj-YF5lWr1fv4DhbSrijut5LbLa9NcM6UX",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eDue to this, he would not be able to perform his social obligations, marry, or participate in rituals. In effect he lost his identity as a Borana. A person cannot be Borana by birth alone, since becoming stockless can deny that identity.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RsFwDc1Mp97fToakTG7zaFSeABxWpm86ylWxiLZLTFRdQcKljCL31ynurBlJIAWQTWMU7OntE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarriage the Borana way\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis decorative wall hanging (\u003ci\u003esolala\u003c/i\u003e) was made by the mother of a young man who was about to be married. Once married, he would hang it in his new home.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SLnjKNpRdi0ZtiHDYILL_5ang2ZCCF9sbfSKU5PS_eXjsRlOTpZDoe9N1E0kjUrsBq_DxqljM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA Borana bride\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Borana marriage was preceded by several stages and long negotiations. The girl’s parents would, for example, organize a meeting (\u003ci\u003eKadda\u003c/i\u003e) to examine the conditions of the marriage.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TngBLXtzibHfawebXTIaZt5DDbgVdrC_9UDYW7KuYVtmQuQFmpoIxLONPSzs8aJWXQvWPCmmUG",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMen took care of cattle\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe arrow (\u003ci\u003elawe\u003c/i\u003e) was used to shoot a cow in the neck from a distance when blood was needed for drinking. First, the neck of the cow was tied with leather rope (\u003ci\u003egardi\u003c/i\u003e) then an arrow was shot into the flesh using a bow, going approximately one centimeter deep. The blood was collected in an \u003ci\u003eokhole\u003c/i\u003e and mixed with milk.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R1SrUHgH5XEL63GsKFrW3qoEcfXYBDgq12Y0dRYGXfaTmOUICInH6p8I0rFBrr7Gcn0zQCScA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePloughing the fields\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a plough hook (\u003ci\u003ewagal\u003c/i\u003e) made of iron by a blacksmith. The iron was heated in fire until it was red hot, then hammered into shape. It was used by men to hold the plough stick and metal plough in position.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SoFyrQR2qkOzk_hn4xzLhIOl9VyhmOWphxTs6BR5bFQ4vv8ndLjk7f6kQ-lcZsf4hCTOVUjw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRibs for cutting grass\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese ox ribs (\u003ci\u003echiruacha\u003c/i\u003e) were cut from the left side of the rib cage because they were considered to be sharper than the ones on right side.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SncG47oUAGLNQM7phETtWcTgaCJxD4m5H0m-g1C5kDb7IUk78Ydp5qDZ-aCwSnQhEp-rXEeg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eContainers for storing milk and meat\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese two containers were made from plant reeds and smeared with cow dung to make them air tight and waterproof.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SEkixHFqkU_2f0TZp0L3ZFCsvSOPqEbXJSxWmtfMvxqNyRoC8ZO-6lyPsM3Cd5q2CvfpWylA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGrains storage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eContainer used to store grains. This container is sisal woven and smeared inside. It was placed in a holder to facilitate easy carriage.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RNs2_VMEV3d-BJCP1VhrMe5Vl-qVcfFPvxl3TkkJQVrx005PzyS0_wxdzTWRiZAkdm8cEuhQg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSniffing tobacco\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis container and pouch were used to keep tobacco and soda (\u003ci\u003emagadi\u003c/i\u003e). The tobacco container was made of a horn and partially covered with animal skin. The tobacco pouch was made from goat scrotum.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q4xj2EUZtWPbWWMnQiS7wPntwZCZN4itiYTTnP1UrLSrHtNgYJMFLE75S-zcJ7F8YHkexs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCommunal beer for sharing\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese sieves were made by a blacksmith and used by old men for drinking beer from a communal pot.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RzQiSVIjz4tN6wWMs-MKTYAdpnEKxBpB0CJAV-A_6O6j_jh2jT5r_mhtzFBQuVd14KxPFuuSc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBoard games\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese seeds are from the \u003ci\u003eMuk Sadega\u003c/i\u003e tree and were used by men to play a traditional board game.\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"The Borana Community","Celebrating their rich heritage and culture"]],["stella.common.cobject","The El Molo Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SNPQ9mUjb2ThVf2VRHCyCKkNcMEsaZbv7M3ouDbQwH6RGqF0jlwbByaI2o-wvVJZSm4fValKc","/story/JwWhe7Y5wdpmKQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"JwWhe7Y5wdpmKQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QmtoftJc6Ak2RB-PrZQ5KmplJEUpZI9MQ-xz8GfkUZ8RLMFF951rng8CikOzX0wO_ymVOW2Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExperience the El Molo culture at The Lake Turkana Festival\u003c/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOne of Kenya\u0026#39;s top tourist attractions is the three-day festival, held in June and taking place in Loiyangalani town, Marsabit county.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QN0B4npiRZk8D18hReoM9faTdOfeWNJvicSIPO9r5Rz-rBpbyQ3yLwpWqzuAB4ChFaGIjrhQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration: calling the Turkana Basin home\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe El Molo community are believed to have migrated from Ethiopia to the Turkana Basin around 1000 BC. Today they primarily live around Lake Turkana at El Molo bay.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn unparalleled window into the past\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Turkana Basin is well known for research studies conducted by the National Museum of Kenya. The El Molo have lived around this basin for years and to this day you will find the remains of sacred sites where they worshiped. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe importance and reverence of this sacred place is underscored by the fact that neighboring communities, even in times of conflict, do not desecrate these sites. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere is also a sacred hill, Moite Hill, almost a hundred kilometers away, which is highly significant for their Turkana and Rendille neigbors.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE14bllUc1YxQjlBUEdjNnNyODI2NUZXbzJOTmJqb3V1SmMtRnlI",210.34840631444675,3.2950112965320244,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMxnYTsV1B9APGc6sr8265FWo2NNbjouuJc-FyH\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-3.2950113-ya-162.6516-fo90.02887",null,90.0288730927166,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE14bllUc1YxQjlBUEdjNnNyODI2NUZXbzJOTmJqb3V1SmMtRnlI\u0026sv_f\u003d90.0288730927166\u0026sv_h\u003d210.34840631444675\u0026sv_p\u003d3.2950112965320244",null,13,[10,"AF1QipMxnYTsV1B9APGc6sr8265FWo2NNbjouuJc-FyH"],"SvInfo:4e8d8dad-d874-414b-9120-d12ec20b32f8"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RzIl9_bE4uV4w_9-ClRNHlSJFC1inxk6DyGoriUtLZaqw24_NMaGO-kkYHGRs6vN-eBtmqMmhu",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA good luck charm\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe El Molo traditionally believed in God (Waaq), and wore charms to protect themselves against diseases and misfortune. This leather beaded necklace (ndimu) was believed to bring good luck when worn.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qhk4qEYxhqj-UbrSgklvcPcYdnT7CwjfmggyJ98vz6LCLwxtzcvcv89Kwz-uXHTG19xTS_mQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe family structure: the role of mothers\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally, mothers were not expected to conceive another child until her son was strong enough to fish with a spear, or her daughter was old enough to be able to make a traditional cooking pot.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qs0Lg-d8FRBoaGiZRcV7pcWuSuWdNemNWhhQsxN9TEmeE1lbjyYt5v1V5jJm6kVCQINsG7WfAO",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCircumcision on the day of marriage\u003c/b\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA girl’s circumcision took place on the day of her marriage, and the occasion was of great importance to the community. Girls would wear a coiled brass wire armlet (surutei) and other types of jewelry before marriage. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Kenya today, female circumcision is illegal and the communities are encouraged to adopt alternative initiation rites which do not involve clitoridectomy.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QkqTeB1xBBkDkoJoWeCYLinvVEuwd0E1KEqYLQmHcZwOWyfGlOW8XwgBybDPEb-clsAWgEjQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFertility doll made of doum palm seeds\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe doll represents the female form and is a fertility symbol. Girls would carry them and hang them in their home to ensure that they would produce many children.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QvTY4ky5xsx7ALqaMrbj73QemRgGyrsHO2k6RHBEZy1rakrBxAw80-IHh0kfxjFhjTSDu5TQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA fishing basket (ochom)\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis fishing basket was made by men, using flexible sticks for its frame and woven with reeds.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QvTY4ky5xsx7ALqaMrbj73QemRgGyrsHO2k6RHBEZy1rakrBxAw80-IHh0kfxjFhjTSDu5TQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eFishermen lowered the trap directly onto a shoal or individual fish to catch them.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T2Bt9DIzN_-mH6drAIhHnc2tRtaN6oeMFlF84-jNWTUV3m7L3P31cMH3hWrio82w7fmpW6cxs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaking fishing nets\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese wooden needles were used to make the fishing nets and baskets with fibres of the Mlala (doum palm) leaves.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QBQybwvDzbvoUS_MGqs_QpWgAVps4hKt86K-Ush8ar8C4fEQDAh7nQrU07iBhE78UJ5kYRCZro",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMowo for catching fishing\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis oryx horn with rope attached was used for killing fish once caught in the net.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SzPh0sYiSQtNQ39Ou1l5lxTpK-pODpVR3kmlLed2LsJJNsxaAjiBXVFaWAAYgWp3Naib3Q7_Y",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA plate made of a turtle shell\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe El Molo also hunted hippopotamus, crocodiles and turtles in order to use their skin for bags, bones for objects and meat to eat.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QN66_HfbKBF2251MIQi2LFkG3nvLONr_YAhPrw4X1s3xB03ADyobqcTk6PN77nqTt1QupeBQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSpoons made of scapula\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese five spoons were made of the scapula of a fish called IJI.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QMVmbr4H03f5F8BMdfk-JPEf-iLyXDNTK8_zhCB42Q4l3-2TTPRPzMopaQURTDZ85uFJwNDv4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSinai for carrying firewood, water, and food\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese two panniers (sinai) were made of doum palm leaf fibre string. Attached to a donkey, they were used to carry firewood, water, and food.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QvGW3TeEz9hiVQkgMLMZyQtFk_3_T2Y5xLtJjp0qTpl4DsbzbLErgqGiNlx9Qs6VLvHxeXLDk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eElal: food baskets\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFood baskets were made from strips of mlala leaves. An awl was used for stitching it together.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QFKz1V8QOlpvZyToOKcVJPgZ5ErNN2AZcMdR4FjIhe7OQRaIKZU2MHAlpZDvvoRVSUk-rlNog",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHandcarved headrest\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA wooden three-legged headrest and stool. It was used by men to sit on during various ceremonies and to rest their heads.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SLBJ5AUCNcLlfGlcclq9B8E6zaMpm1BqdF97E1_fkkuh69f0gGr0ap0L6p5qf1sti1XrSLEII",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMbene goatskin bag\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis goatskin bag (mbene) was used by men to carry personal possessions, money, tobacco and knives.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RIx3rOfpFvnkHDeiTRxEUNN8wNEJfgeye68XSMH56rjGjXZB8AEeOz2Jb-0CRS9k7OdEqN1RI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOstrich egg ornaments and drinking cups\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBesides being used as drinking pots, ostrich eggs were used to create ornaments. The eggshells were placed on a flat stone and gently chipped using a heavy piece of iron. After being chipped to the required size, the rough edges were smoothed on a stone.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SEXQFRD37OEVlLfK7WsucOujVyqaNn2KWVz65LnD6FpoW0Z-Pz6rQncErKPeV_qq4oxwstcQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAn ostrich eggshell beaded necklace\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis necklace (kukuti) was made of ostrich eggshell beads, glass beads and doum palm string.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T9ItesF7df7tLjd8NIvEsMl4paSlXhVqKhDNu5m_tJLPzoCChQtXOKp2xwOgCPBOTGBgXUWg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKrawuni earrings worn by women\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese earrings were made of wire, two pearl buttons and red, green, yellow and blue beads.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QZp5ZHRGah3Bzxx7moRuhbeNmahy9K6uIELIxzzcmCm9S-kXjVQKrKpGm3SoRWzJd_EY2u",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA colorful bracelet worn by men and women\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDifferent ornaments were worn by people of different ages, genders and status in the community, and on specific occasions and ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RoJr_4_Kfcyody-wSQy3gq1mobd6kBBiOVLGqNwYicWHO8NM6k1rJyJrJmmD_SwJ3LBLIDLHk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA warrior\u0026#39;s comb\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMade of wood from the sarai tree, this comb was used by warriors.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q4fjESF9lUhrlNTOdLjYyCAhseEJjHrQnmsaRPbSKuH1Tf2WaDZxswYjdJNFT5hLovZPgZbwX7",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSnuff containers\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese snuff containers are made from small wild gourds which grew on the hills. One has orange and blue beads strung on a nylon fishing line, so that the container could be worn around the neck.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Nandi Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T4VLl2NvqzSvmmWassd19ibM0OnE7nBR3wOISx5fmvvIPQSEOYoOPIRjSBSNHMDfhQQPLy","/story/dwWxJw5I_MdmJQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"dwWxJw5I_MdmJQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to the Kalenjin myth of origin, the Nandi were initially part of the Kipsigis while living at Rongai near Nakuru. They migrated due to drought and Maasai invasion to the area. During migration, the group divided into two; the Kipsigis moved south to Kericho, while the Nandi settled at Aldai and are now farmers and cattle keepers in Nandi County.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",0.02742571520273067,35.199213870844005,"CAISFjIwbE9HemJpZDUxY2VYTmc1SzRPX3c\u003d",340.5286266241207,3.5909423984221576,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003d20lOGzbid51ceXNg5K4O_w\u0026heading\u003d-19.471373375879296\u0026pitch\u003d3.5909423984221576\u0026fov\u003d90.0\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dVjeVS1KkDU4nh2y0KX1VOfYBkIQ",null,90,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFjIwbE9HemJpZDUxY2VYTmc1SzRPX3c%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d90.0\u0026sv_h\u003d340.5286266241207\u0026sv_p\u003d3.5909423984221576\u0026sv_lat\u003d0.02742571520273067\u0026sv_lng\u003d35.199213870844005",null,null,[2,"20lOGzbid51ceXNg5K4O_w"],"SvInfo:3d0dd7e9-4a7a-4626-8e69-e67d116de053"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RWCDRYRAOv5-DKug-82DJQtkeSDCRrT_U1BLZR1mppY2nKTUi-7lrE6jTYKytxBCBL7WQ556k",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis farm tool was known as a \u003ci\u003eMokombet\u003c/i\u003e. It was made from an iron blade strung on a wooden handle, and was used for digging and cultivating the farm.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SqMX6Q87tjhRh-_j35zyCJKh44zOL2f71y7-MZNAFvRYzIPMmqRFli-ZUI9xICnGQ6DCqbAg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePastoralism\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese cow bells (\u003ci\u003eTwolio\u003c/i\u003e) were made from scrap metal by a local blacksmith. The metal was heated over burning charcoal and hammered into shape. They would have been hung around a bull\u0026#39;s neck to enable the herdsmen to keep track and locate their herd.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SZf02g8mazZiYCDjgrHKVtsKMMGWOgacJqz5zLVToUPaCi9FHqC49bSQBZq3NLYlGqG1RecMSf",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHoney harvesting\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis large hairy skin bag (\u003ci\u003eLolet\u003c/i\u003e) was sewn from a heifer skin. It would have been used when fetching and carrying honey from the forest. Men often placed and carried this kind of bag on their backs while transporting honey home.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SsBex9izZWBqdUzPi5XBlFSXxY-IsrkKIkSf_OQeWxi7QUHcJ7gL5er-0pz6SeU3erJohiSYot",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHunting\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis spear head was made by a blacksmith using scrap metal, which is heated and beaten into the desired shape. It was then fitted on a long wooden shaft and used by men during ceremonies, hunting wild animals and for defense in case of an attack on the community.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TtImsyYeZ8Oc64tkJlophH4wptoW3H0YyTGpNmKbzW8FX9qS2UJy8eSaTJyOi-zw971ltocqo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWorking in the fields\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis long handled sickle was made from hammered iron and whittled wood. A hole was cut at the top of the handle and the blade hammered in. It was used only by men for chopping wood, cutting grass, millet or any other plants.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q7AyzFtm1EzBIqeZfwxaKTep7WxNVhG1Ryrp2E97f6_S-u-5i1_FcZ2jTGbXdKUniyOswFc1s",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe family\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe family was the basic political unit among the Nandi. A collection of between 20 to 100 homesteads formed a \u003ci\u003ekoret\u003c/i\u003e. A dozen or more \u003ci\u003ekoret\u003c/i\u003e formed a \u003ci\u003epororiet\u003c/i\u003e, a larger political unit that produced men to join military camps. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe \u003ci\u003epororiet\u003c/i\u003e was regulated by the council of elders, where leaders from every \u003ci\u003ekoret\u003c/i\u003e attended. Leaders assumed these positions by virtue of their social status, wealth and personality, and settled disputes through consensus. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Nandi also had a spiritual and military leader called \u003ci\u003eOrkoiyot\u003c/i\u003e, who made security and war decisions.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RRoW3PT2FZXsKtI_JvnFRIJ-C6bPNBobnwCg34RDI5gRgQ0C7aNn5l28LgsnHAb7Au4vNcuw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTaking care of the household\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a milk gourd (\u003ci\u003eKimusarit\u003c/i\u003e) made and used by women to store milk in their houses, and also used to carry milk whenever a woman was moving around with her child.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TvGDFzSKO3SVGf6WhTVy6_0URnc3gt-Ex-6uYMUJSnAP0EkMgItasBYy3xP7qAFQvWj7o5mxs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChild-naming ceremonies\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis beer gourd (\u003ci\u003eMwentet\u003c/i\u003e) was used by elders to serve traditional beer from clay pots during child naming and marriage ceremonies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen a child was born, a \u0026#39;spirit\u0026#39; name would be decided upon and given to it after four days. That name would be related to a particular ancestor. After three months, when weaning, the child would be given a personal name replacing that of their ancestor.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TvlrEQrsIJat-re--QCCVy9pakrxJfdY64FStzNaZQgraD1BQsgBkNKPhBisQSpXkNYzjj3A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCircumcision\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis ceremonial head ornament (\u003ci\u003eNariet\u003c/i\u003e) was made by women from leather, and sewn with beads and cowrie shells. It was worn by young initiates when coming out of seclusion.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Nandi conducted a circumcision ceremony every seven and a half years for both boys and girls. Prior to the operation, boy initiates wore girls\u0026#39; garments and vice versa, in an interesting ritual inversion. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAfter circumcision all initiates went into seclusion, where they were taught their responsibilities. Girls in seclusion wore leather hoods while boys wore grass masks. Boys circumcised at the same time made an age set. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFemale circumcision is no longer permitted in the country, hence alternative initiation practices are now encouraged.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QUgEdQjHfCooQCKFIL-wqHFzpa7xbf6z5daBNnSXFSXNdx06mZKu6D6Yr52twKARDKHKpaBH8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarriage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis single coiled metal bracelet was worn by married women, round the wrist, to show their status. It would have been given to a bride at the time of marriage.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally, marriages were arranged and bride-wealth was paid to the bride\u0026#39;s family. Once married, the man provided a house and a piece of land for his wife or wives to cultivate. Customarily, barrenness was the only reason for a divorce.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RqoNiG4t04KfEqPTTPFcHvugzzN7JhUhVHh_ReOmPUZFEz_NIQX-kNv3zlDQY8Th3LkCwCu9E",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKimnyole Arap Turukat\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKimnyole Arap Turukat was the fourth Nandi \u003ci\u003eOrkoiyot\u003c/i\u003e in the early 1800s. The \u003ci\u003eOrkoiyot\u003c/i\u003e was a spiritual and military leader who was consulted on decisions regarding security particularly the waging of war. Kimnyole is remembered for his powerful prophecies, which forever altered the lives of the Nandi.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHis exact year of birth is unknown, but he was the son of Turukat and father of Koitalel Arap Samoei. At his prime, he stood regal, animal skin draped over one shoulder and a stick in hand. His earlobes extended from the weight of the metallic traditional earrings he wore. The colour of his skin was dark as ebony and the muscles underneath were still taut with youth. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHe was both warrior and leader, commanding fear and respect alike. Kimnyole had two prophecies to his name, the coming of the “white tribe” (the whites) and “the Iron Snake” (the construction of the Kenya Uganda railway).\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SJpsg3e6t2_CBj-ONwOWEWTFBnJ1e4Vv4WjBwMdDx5PjvBnljcObbOKA1mtvmOHbzBWnqI5kg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eDuring his reign, the Nandi were a formidable force, in spite of the many conflicts with the Maasai during the 1870s and 80s. As the Maasai fought against themselves, the Nandi under the leadership of this shrewd \u003ci\u003eOrkoiyot\u003c/i\u003e were observant, eager to exploit the divisions among the Maasai. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWith such a leader, nothing could stand in their way and they were about the wealthiest tribe around, with lots of cattle and captives from their victories.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEven then, Kimnyole’s reign was not without trouble. In the late 80s, rinderpest cattle disease struck the Nandi herds. His people were bitter with him because he had not warned Nandi warriors against capturing rinderpest infected cattle from their raids.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SJpsg3e6t2_CBj-ONwOWEWTFBnJ1e4Vv4WjBwMdDx5PjvBnljcObbOKA1mtvmOHbzBWnqI5kg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eOnly his cattle survived, and that only made the growing hostility against him worse. The salt to this injury was the loss of a large number of Nandi warriors, \u003ci\u003ebororiosiek\u003c/i\u003e, when Kimnyole advised against a joint raid of more warriors.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was unheard of for the Nandi to rise up against one of their own, but Kimnyole stood accused by his people. In 1890, Kimnyole was stoned to death because of his prophecies that had caused the Nandi strife. However, some say it is because his prophecy on the Nandi being subdued by the white man upset powerful tribal elders.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAfter his death, his son Koitalel arap Samoei succeeded him, while his brother Kipchomber Arap Koilege became the first \u003ci\u003eOrkoiyot\u003c/i\u003e of the Kipsigis division of the Nandi.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TZ_dNaSeqWeZrV9eX6m9PFCuKHt2kpFmmG4kOrhTq_Il-cb0rZ0XR___8e9p2dW_4jk2uE9yeZ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKoitalel arap Samoei\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKoitalel arap Samoei was born to Kimnyole arap Turukat around 1860. As the last born he was closest to his father, and had a greater ability to understand prophetic signs compared to his three older brothers. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAt the age of 25 he succeeded his father as the \u003ci\u003eOrkoiyot\u003c/i\u003e. Samoei prophesied about a black snake passing through the land of Nandi. Not long after that, the Kenya-Uganda railway came along with the British. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSamoei led a 12-year rebellion against the British for encroaching on their land. Through trickery, he killed by the British Colonel Richard Meinertzhagen, and had his head cut off and taken to Britain. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHe is remembered to date for his great leadership and a monument has been erected in his name.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T2t57z6jScbB3SpPfD6jwUKBYJgKRBI950avEqCRseIXNt-ANLUYePfYMbdLMCf4uM0JUcOvU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProtecting initiates\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a metal neck ring made by a blacksmith and worn round the neck by the new initiates. It was kept in a special place in the house awaiting use by the next initiates. It was seen as a charm for to protect the initiates protection against any evil shortcomings.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TKYFG8THbznni929rKMt2jQMYyzorpgrg2Li_F3wh7iCa5ZQXR4IOYWBOEM78FwAmMjxzFc-kp",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDancing and recreation\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn illustration of a Nandi warrior in his dancing outfit.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q_HlO-ThdyVOcMdGDJh97gN0waW5E4_2o8XhD_wD23iZyfhsY9Naav_R1Ed6BD8Wc0SlJ3",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSnuff\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an ivory snuffbox (\u003ci\u003eKibraut\u003c/i\u003e), made and used by old men for keeping snuff.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R9QKK08F5bLNMgkWsWEcanRMkvfyA7cBNEYngigw9cLONKrhWiBFrTjFtsR7KcB6H6oGgMLg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStraws for drinking beer\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese drinking straws with fibre sieves were made by old men from a plant\u0026#39;s branch, and used by elders to drink traditional beer. A pot containing beer would often be placed in the middle, and the elders would sit around it, each sipping from the pot using these straws. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis communal way of drinking brought people together and encouraged peace. It was said a witch and the elders could not drink from the same pot.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Marakwet Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rg8uaDisskLlD46watwhLwMQYuDOxWJJPFDcVlWP-PhC9bNHNd-pGr_SEq4K8KAA20-VUtuQ","/story/egUBo_oBeo4pJQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"egUBo_oBeo4pJQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RXC3e71kHIkwMOlywZhMlbRwNG-ZNXRs3HhBXeaBUgOhamQYbJH942AXQ5wZf32qgtcdCYPMk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReligion and belief\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Marakwet traditionally believed in a number of supernatural beings. The most important one was \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eAsis\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; (the sun), referred to as \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eChebetip chemataw\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39;, who was associated with blessings and good will. Another god was \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eIlat\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; (god of thunder), who causesd misfortunes like lightning and drought.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RWK3ZgQszSRK7dKpq_nMguL50MklhlmpPsmT0nTkWCa6FuCCk-OtC9iG8W1ewhDHY3CQaad38",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMagic flute\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis magic flute (\u003ci\u003eses\u003c/i\u003e) is made of bamboo from tekan by a special group of old men. The magic flute would be blown only after a misfortune. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Diviner (\u003ci\u003eKipseon\u003c/i\u003e) would blow the flute during sunset to blow away curses of misfortune, believed to be brought about by hyenas and owls.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SeTasgWmZY7BwRpw05fNc4qK0o0SEL8kV8tGvO9J25UnU2r5K0GSdJ4WvB-kFpwPIYSz7W",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBee keeping and honey harvesting\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese sticks, about two feet long, are tied together with a rope obtained from the bark of the \u003ci\u003eSes\u003c/i\u003e plant. They were used by men when extracting honey from beehives. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe sticks would be lit to produce smoke, which chased the bees away so the honey could be extracted.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S_BV34ieuRSk6HtpmUixz_5vKerfQZKAKsxZNahh-ld-S6ZTp6wWRyendawVLvGQAboekcQ2s",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHoney barrel for honey storage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis honey barrel \u003ci\u003etundi\u003c/i\u003e with a lid was made and used by men for storing honey after harvesting.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S2p88IAUNz9k1vvWFSDNYe17Bd167ejHypmZV2_3R59BcDQNFX2lVaV4RFHjiHDEzW7T7q-Y0",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Marakwet clan system\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Marakwet community is composed of seven clans. Members of the community identify themselves with the name of their clan first, then their personal name follows.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SwMHpr86dhs-xAq5MEjsQ8fd4Rv_Ty77qZXK62oTvUYVGeXEVTfYXLR8p5RL08e8pUN-azbQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e The Moi ceremony\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a leather apron (\u003ci\u003esiramoi\u003c/i\u003e) made of goat skin, softened by smearing it with goat fat. It is decorated with reeds, beetle wing (\u003ci\u003echebosal\u003c/i\u003e) and siran (\u003ci\u003edik dik\u003c/i\u003e) hooves. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis apron would have been used specially for a ceremony called Moi, undertaken by girls who were about to be circumcised. The aprons were made by grown women who had already undergone the moi ceremony. They were handed down from mother to daughter.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Kenya today, female circumcision is illegal and the communities are encouraged to adopt alternative initiation rites.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RCIwf_lG9w4nUGRiEWlJFzwk6Hap2-ud340klRro1eDUWKgSiEL01z1wxoNyN48gOlGfaNM0Iv",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e Ceremonial marriage ring\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a hand ring (\u003ci\u003emukurio\u003c/i\u003e) made by a blacksmith from steel iron at Kabelio village (Marakwet).\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe iron was heated red hot and beaten on a metal with a hammer. These would be made on request, and given to women at marriage ceremonies. They would wear them on the hand as a ceremonial ring.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SArW6KQZrDy_bMhwNGQC5Ku3Mmk5Q--xqWFd_CZPpmdFMv8H4smvvhvHeNgdAQuvBuXFDwU5E7",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eShield\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Marakwet, the people particularly used shields like this one for protection in times of war. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThey were also used during marriage traditions, where the bridegroom would carry the shield from the bride\u0026#39;s father back to his home. The well dressed bridegroom would lead the way, holding the shield in his right hand while the bride would follow him.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R34syghjoWZ4Tu_LEqzV9IMfdlrg-McNXAwfTqZnbSZfVlvon5PBf0odRyI2Q6vMyGf4Yza30",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChild naming ceremony\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a ritual calabash (\u003ci\u003esotob kot kotoa\u003c/i\u003e) made from a gourd plant. The calabash is cut and water is poured into it. The water is left for one week, after which the contents are removed and cleaned before use. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was traditionally used during children\u0026#39;s naming ceremonies. The calabash would be placed on top of a big awl or burning iron (\u003ci\u003ekolomei\u003c/i\u003e), which was used by the whole clan to name their children. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOnce it was balanced, names would be called out. If the calabash stood balanced on the awl, the child would be named. If not, the names continued to be called out until the calabash stood balanced, responding to the real name of the child.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RbqGTrbjAWhPR_a_9tQALhOcojQioa9rIfJR1kx5ZHQVgyOoa1kpMi2RME2Jlr9ydcU2OYIng",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLeketetwa\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a medicinal root of the Leketetwa tree, said to be effective for treating infertility in women. It was administered together with other medicine by a \u003ci\u003eKipses\u003c/i\u003e (Diviner).\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_StR03vGajTC_9u9OoBIozBUzEzVCktLkXelc-5oveo2rUnqw3MU3BU07b0JUF-SXEM361ocQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLocal brew\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a strainer used to filter local brew. It was made by women by splitting and interweaving the fibres of the \u003ci\u003eTega\u003c/i\u003e (bamboo). \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Marakwet elders customarily drank the brew, made of honey, during wedding and child naming ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q_aIN5rltq1yIquTOJi0IPfy8bUwem8cOxBRoxJ6Yja5iVn8bjGNq_cVLZvUOCpe-vOr2Xw0Te",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThese are fruits of the kigelia tree, used for fermenting beer.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Pokot Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SvG2QrFeC3jWJ0McqItBv0NIzhO86pTGOcRl0MlYVDiyBLYtA8Nz4nkIGiYaX8w9NWUaD3","/story/JQUxg3EdG0VMIA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"JQUxg3EdG0VMIA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA view of lake Baringo, Baringo County\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Pokot are part of the Kalenjin community who are highland Nilotes originating from southern Ethiopia. They migrated southward into Kenya as early as 2,000 years ago. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Pokot are economically divided into two groups: pastoral Pokot and agricultural Pokot.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,null,258.90433821002716,8.945893260465851,null,null,null,null,119.75558247045632,"/streetview?sv_f\u003d119.75558247045632\u0026sv_h\u003d258.90433821002716\u0026sv_p\u003d8.945893260465851",null,213,null,"SvInfo:0be97704-5865-443f-8fff-2e355a6d396b"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TP8oMIMo3zsOgkmRhEXTooq-xToON2NXG57vVId96J5x_C44kxrv6mdE1p4p4Qa0QepNX4iws",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReligion and beliefs\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Pokot community traditionally believed the world had two realms, the below and the above. The realm below was the abode of vegetation, people and other creatures. The realm above was the abode of the deities: \u003ci\u003eTororot\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003elat\u003c/i\u003e (rain) and \u003ci\u003eAsis\u003c/i\u003e (sun).\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QjfQAfeY0jFaWMXmg1k91ZilpJsISYf0Gfp2Ieogz9JdBXDg1vtV0W-Udv-8qrHNEJP7L_1CI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYoung Pokot man\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA young Pokot man about to undergo circumcision. The headdress is in the first phase of building up a chignon.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QoYFwDn7pNFNzH_h6e3loFXewIpcQ-hbJnPnAXDZ8V6uqngyFv9-enJHvcJ5ZC3u4hydpReiA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHeaddress for circumcised men\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a thin headdress made from beads and fiber from the \u003ci\u003esokotwo\u003c/i\u003e tree. Circumcised boys would have worn it on their heads, with strings in front, one month after circumcision.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QGM3H_B_FwbqOxlQYdUlzTwlgzgn3Ssd4g5J877keqvPfknpVV3Kxzjx-_MLRkjFUIBCf16rE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eYoung Pokot warrior\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA young Pokot warrior shortly after achieving adult status. He is wearing a headdress made of ostrich feather and black fur to denote his status.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R635XdX9X5IibolN0xJVt7orjk4c7i8iQwlbL4fhtm35igHiwizIEXyha9_kxqwvbq_lOzBuM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarried Pokot woman\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Pokot married woman dressed with several strands of beaded necklaces and metallic earrings. Her earrings are attached by a beaded string to hair-clips, and ornamented with bells, which denote her status and number of children.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SuwVkGwF4gNy-0Bq4tofGGoxWGZP8iHBwarVshdVg7sSER2TMsk_Id8u-67ugIPXZh2e7-FbU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWedding cape\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLeopard skin cape used by the groom during a wedding, for jumping dances.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QnZAJKhW3U2qfEBtciLT9b4yltZhOm4fvQqk-Ye5Wjb_wELyNDe1qZ3Zrs30YHCdzvQLHZc48",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBow\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a bleeding bow (\u003ci\u003eliona\u003c/i\u003e) made by men from \u003ci\u003esitet\u003c/i\u003e wood. The bow string is made from cow sinews. It was used by men to shoot stopped arrows when drawing blood from cows and goats.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RSVaZMddiD_BMs4XsYj9pVcaTjz0TIDSU1qOokbofePWVDrf96D2b41itpIIP6RIWNjMCj5WW4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eArrow\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eStopped arrow (\u003ci\u003eterema\u003c/i\u003e) used for bleeding animals to draw blood. It was made by a livestock owner. A tourniquet would be put round the animals neck and the arrow shot into the jugular vein from a distance.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SxjH-yd-4U7x7DpFpwoTskax1wLdLKcRAXzPxaPoQ7fE1wdqWtVKczas02Xu3IxJp0PZ1ZsQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAxe for cutting wood\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis axe (\u003ci\u003eoywa\u003c/i\u003e) was made by a blacksmith from a metallic head fitted with a wooden handle. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTo make the axe head, the blacksmith would get an iron piece, cut the metal to the desired size and hit it to make the right shape. The handle would be made last. He would make the metal red hot and place it on the heavier part of the handle, making a hole to fix the axe head. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was used for cutting wood, to carve wooden objects such as stools and mortars.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QupR9x-3o4Pta3PDj7vTAc1jsRDfNXt_z23W1pclR3Pw_5IjmJZ5HHZXxZMNH_wAspK2E3OQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaking beehives\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis hive \u003ci\u003e(mogtten)\u003c/i\u003e, was made from a hollowed log by men, and the thatching was usually added to keep out rain. It would be hung on a tree to attract bees. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHoney was used for making beer, eaten as food, used as medicine, or traded.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T032z2kp9hxVPPdOvBWNM82pWdsqlfyo4D-ildYviyJGl5QIdUGOxVkSb68DrDgSKtjBKZYQk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCraftsmen\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Pokot people are skilled craftsmen. Women traditionally weave baskets, work leather, make milk gourds and pots for cooking and water storage. Men traditionally specialize in woodworking, making beehives, headrests, and the handles for spears, knives, and hoes.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R-btCZ2b1LkLgaR4tQdMsIFVEksEB8kPktx_4uyksGURcX2v3UKuPe3m1EIm6bPjRVVbS2nPw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSapana ceremony\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAt around 20 years of age, Pokot men would traditionally undergo the Sapana ceremony. It was a vital rite as the men would get recognized as adults, and hence they were allowed to attend elders meetings (\u003ci\u003ekokwo\u003c/i\u003e) and participate in offering sacrifices (\u003ci\u003ekirket\u003c/i\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qoe_rtXpVwAO5HNfJnN7Qds5mLDjL16ZJXKZtWMUhmJJf19B81ctX4kdbP7QUHVvqz_EeNoys",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHeadband\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA headband worn by women of all ages for beauty. It is made of threads, beads, shells and aluminium coils.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SoS3PvLMPvirJdDvAMiKRn9bhjwhhw-ILW0EzWiyhYp4_-iZlGCzdHiOoNvZGmxrn88zlGxAI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eComb\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA small pronged wire comb covered with beautifully woven wire. The ends are covered with strands of coiled wire, which holds the ostrich feather. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was used for hair dressing and worn on the head as an ornament by young men who would wear a mud-pack hair-do.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TTYKgrqiFt98sFGBT69H-HgC0L603_n3heqy_L3C8E9fICra_qaJ95ece221JmIdDnK-YV",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCeremonial headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHeaddress worn by men during ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R4kA17kOHB73XBNPaqJTcecnTJbGWURAJsLlsrqcZ1FssPlnMH9ryVLLZJARFtv4H0rBDl9akS",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA booming sound\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis simple hollow tube is a musical instrument that makes a booming sound, rather like a \u0026quot;digiridoo\u0026quot;.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was made and played by skilled men on ceremonial occasions as an accompaniment to dancing. The player would blow his cheeks out and produce the same note at regular intervals. He would hold it vertically and blow it down, usually frog jumping round the dancers, honing every time he jumps down.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_THaHF-hjaQYZO-N1jdP6VwXg0LYipIOLSx3c6s3hee_ETksBSLrtVPlEMe6cxtoJW2yRSYzw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLyre\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis lyre is made of wood and the resonator is covered with goat skin. It was made and played by young men in the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003esikuronjo\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; (young men\u0026#39;s hut) to accompany singing.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Raq39Y5qFOVYG8ozuOmuspXoM9ibZP1DWgv5eDbaUsm8QYQhx7dgvD4RJU4ApvH6I-SEWH",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCeremonial pot\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis ceremonial pot (\u003ci\u003etere-ma\u003c/i\u003e) was used during traditional wedding ceremonies. The pot would be put in the middle of the bridegroom\u0026#39;s compound, and the elders would sit around it according to their age-sets.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SUV0hwvMyUGGOuoiWRnZD_1V_MLHka8JVGWOfn8TNkflVGukJ4_nT5l_4xqtkVW17NNOP1Au4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExperience the Pokot culture\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an annual Turkana Tourism and Cultural Festival that takes place at Loiyangalani in Turkana County. This three-day event features traditional dances, performances, a trade fair, and a market. The experience is a unique blend of culture, entertainment and party nights. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn 2008, the National Museums of Kenya established the Desert Museum in Loiyangalani, to preserve and promote the unique cultures of the eight communities living around Lake Turkana region, namely: El Molo, Turkana, Pokot, Rendile, Samburu, Gabbra, Watta and Dassanach.\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"Celebrating the Pokot Community","A unique blend of culture, entertainment and party nights"]],["stella.common.cobject","The Duruma Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R7TgCDoxLJb5LbOfm7NyLZ3-yk42oYq22z61ws91jkhv1vo0vSpoHpkKJOoupt-8BUiHRTmw","/story/6AVh6ut1duyJKQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"6AVh6ut1duyJKQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tm4bG7G_XyaIA7EWa3RTSDW2iXwQb6K7HN5_1aSYVWFCpZl9uT2slctKMTeu476PkFzU90fNn8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWho are the Mijikenda?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mijikenda are a Coastal Bantu community. They inhabit the region from the Tanzania border to the Sabaki and the Umba rivers. ‘Mijikenda’ means nine villages, namely: Giriama, Digo, Duruma, Rabai, Kambe, Chonyi, Jibana, Kauma and Ribe. Each community speaks its own dialect. The Mijikenda originated from Shungwaya, a region in southern Somalia around the 17th century and settled along the coastal hinterlands in fortified villages called ‘kaya’. Today, 11 \u0026#39;makaya\u0026#39; are inscribed into the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Thtbkx0zQKmKWRgF1fLWcV9hluBBHQ8PuLj8pN00ZRvr8xZ6_GQZVRo_M50QB-z6KGtaWhtGI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Duruma migrated from Shungwaya due to the Oromo invasion. They moved from Digi and Kiran before the other Mijikenda communities and settled first at Gogweni before moving to Mwangea where they split into two groups. One of the groups moved up country, while the other went down to the coast south of Mombasa and built Kaya Duruma or Kaya Mwsakara.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RHDq6tuzEsrJjXERQ_m_sa0ZCUKjPNYGOITjZGab4kij8L8wASW1HFSgS_Mwvkiztqj0MNew",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming and trading for a living\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Duruma were subsistence farmers. They grew maize, sorghum, finger millet, cassava, sweet potatoes, peas, beans, and sesame, and at times grew and sold tobacco specifically as a cash crop. As cattle keepers, they also conducted trade in cattle, acting as brokers for the Akamba at Changamwe market.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SNwNrwOzhdBR-4N5uOGJur3c669VDnvY4_jdTHTjBR8Zd_QjYxxUh8jzDd-SzCMIeE0yfLpEo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming tools\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese are sharp iron blades fitted to shafts to make hoes (\u003ci\u003ejembes\u003c/i\u003e). They were used by Duruma farmers to cultivate soil to a depth of several inches, and to remove roots and weeds.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RKmpUSq8aS7IDVhjHbTKZ6_4BXy58YXHpa_vkfNcDD2tOrU9UN8qiXiDVhRWiSNsmgLEMdbm0",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePastoralism and entertainment\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis small flute (\u003ci\u003echivoti\u003c/i\u003e), with four holes was mostly made by men, from \u003ci\u003eMwanzi\u003c/i\u003e wood. A nail was heated red hot and used to burn a hole through the wood. The tree chosen has a soft centre of pith, which could then be pushed out with a stick, and the end plugged up with tree gum. It was played by men and boys for amusement while out herding.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QHcyzY-4pNoEObZ-Ft7hUYb9eEvijuAy5Ivk0OyGIZD-sVgLnDCVRgANFsrQbwBBd50r8xMw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe power of the \u0026#39;Kambi\u0026#39;\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Duruma were traditionally governed by a council of elders, ‘Kambi’, who were responsible for settling disputes, punishing offenders, instituting laws and effecting them. Decisions were made by a majority of the elders sitting. They relied on mystery and secrecy, and demanded community respect. The powers of the \u0026#39;Kambi\u0026#39; were derived from their ability to appease and be listened to by the ancestral spirits.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R6qx0V9AMw9VrUD9iBuNr4Ag0Xryl-RXgGDupG9EhobAFi0OSyb5U59J4nBDyYQnU-CdYzGQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSocial structure\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Duruma have 14 clans and maintained a dual descent system (both matrilineal and patrilineal). Until recently, the Duruma, along with other Mijikenda, observed a practice of age-sets of four years. Land was owned by the clan, and sons inherited land from their fathers. The Duruma circumcised their children before graduating to adulthood, and they conducted celebrations during the birth of a child, after harvest, and at marriages and burials.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QzOCeHE67AJgZHFV4ipz5TTH2p54J-hLAOGiwofx0ZgovjHRk4neO7XOhq2dl_8-msjKvy5g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarm work and livestock management\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis axe head was made by a blacksmith in Kaloleni area and used by men to cut firewood. The Duruma men traditionally took care of families, worked on the farms and managed their domestic animals (cattle, sheep, goats and chicken). Boys helped their fathers with their daily work.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RudF-Z6jQ72wK7ADnL9SB_NJGS5Jnlq0-kSQFFfDboOs5MM1AMXllM7QeuO11dRaOsyicF",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePestle and mortar\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a pestle and mortar which is broken at the top but was still in use. It was made by a Duruma male artisan (\u003ci\u003efundi\u003c/i\u003e). The mortar was made from wood of the \u003ci\u003eBamakofi\u003c/i\u003e tree, and the pestle from the wood of the \u003ci\u003eManga\u003c/i\u003e tree. The trees were cut with an axe or panga and roughed out with an adze, then finished with a knife. It was used by women outside the house for pounding grain, especially maize.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R2hed7aRcXh6VmQZ9Pgzc7FMUqfW7nn55ZCKk2v3kR2_d4Whe3yTKuxO2jk2L51fVnyNoHXQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCoconut shell ladle\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a ladle made from coconut shell and a stick. It was used by women to serve food. The Duruma women traditionally did all household work, assisted by girls, and also did a great deal of the farm work.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SLGNZ3r6iXnwc5lCyOl5pxssAPkpMKbRRVjFl7dwZrJXXovwavxub-tbrbW7KMgqKldHZL0Dw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eClay pot for cooking\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a pot made by a woman potter from clay soil. It was used for cooking.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R_lcWoptaxYnS59fmzP6YdPvfAEphc5ADgEUkAqzpXHoem8vwdkVaKZyFozwxZAhsPlQdr78Y",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReligion and beliefs\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Duruma believed in a supreme being, \u003ci\u003eMulungu\u003c/i\u003e (God) and revered ancestral spirits. Sacrifices were often offered to the ancestors to ward off misfortunes from the family (or community) and cure the sick. Today, some of the Duruma are Muslims while others are Christians.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QZR4hr98bx4c4w8-k366Nzn8GlCsfKhm_hFpH1KjBbDmriu-4HOCAj2-99hwDAfvUcc_I0-Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026#39;Shetani\u0026#39; caused illnesses\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Duruma believed that evil spirits (\u003ci\u003eShetani\u003c/i\u003e) caused illnesses and body aches. This brass anklet was worn by old women to protect them against such spirits. If anyone got ill, he or she would wear the charm and would not get ill again. The anklet was made in \u0026quot;Banga\u0026quot; by a male fundi. It was kept bright by rubbing it with sand and water.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QEQqboYbZ9f_1UUesrMO_acvWyXUAKDqzPQUpnNEy-GZWtBKjlIfavhPt-bAmcj1oOnntWaB0",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCharm against evil spirits\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWristlet used by old women as a charm against \u003ci\u003eShetani\u003c/i\u003e, an evil spirit believed to bring illness and aches all over the body. This charm acted as a shield (\u003ci\u003eNgao\u003c/i\u003e) against such illness.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RGKnmA6Xkn0iurMW0a4Sq4zRlsy2UVI7puPybtrfqY_lPYIam_0e7aseapKvCNAV9fiv3aVA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRoll of aromatic gum, wrapped in banana fibre\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis gum is obtained from the Liangulo community at Kilibasi, where the gum producing \u003ci\u003emutungu\u003c/i\u003e tree is found in plenty. It is used as a medicine, normally mixed with porridge(\u003ci\u003euji\u003c/i\u003e), and taken orally to get rid of worms and stomach ache. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was believed that a great deal of illness was caused by bad blood, therefore a cut would be made on the shoulder, and a cup filled to remove the bad blood. Most people in the Duruma community have a scar on their shoulders as a result of this operation.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TS1UhuEh5Pv4KwYyulrKnj6oxAFNzts3j0dZy2cvZ3As1U6LDPAcDQwyCSfBRJJ_EH8w5Hmg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBracelets for dancing\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese are thick aluminium wire armlets, which were worn by all women on the upper arm (little girls wear small ones). They were worn for any dances and other ceremonies such as marriages.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T5pHjwkpjc6nvXXtL3lFEWyQcb19EnG4D7MjskryahHSibC8uK9fClBLStUFwNzt-JZNaL5UU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAnkle bell for dancing\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn ankle bell used during dances by the Duruma. It was made by and bought from the Digo people.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TdGkNOPkWQ96k0FBmdsDmtyIewkVRe4Yrs9I-UTPS3Fxv0t2lT91_eRN_ugfUmnFg79iBctLk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA tweezer\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis beautifully decorated iron tweezer is made by a giriama craftsman in kaloleni area and used by women for plucking eyelashes for beauty.\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"Duruma Culture: A Celebration of Kenya's Heritage","Explore the rich history and traditions of the Duruma people"]],["stella.common.cobject","The Kipsigis Community","","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S6_YM4cKsM_pmA2flSVZmoCvwhHPXPX-u_3lQUM8_i2DhKiEUsu-MO7H4d1q5BMkDtqKz7CA","/story/hgXhkxnFT7_MKg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"hgXhkxnFT7_MKg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q-EyMVGv3vd_QpueKiPAlV4txPixQK-QVxVs8NuWkndeCZf-pxnozrQu8nO5qCc7CQsuWpCoM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFrom Sudan to the Rift Valley\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kipsigis originated from the South Sudan region, and by the 19th century, they had settled in the Rift Valley. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally they lived in Bomet and Kericho Counties. This terrain is known for its steep ridges, numerous rivers and streams, with hills and grasslands.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TseCZ40qo6EdpUATF1SJiluT5HgNRfA9kkYRGFbcZXwBtKLHwxUPiVB9gjmJ0fL4hTFNo7Z6A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming tool\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis blade (\u003ci\u003emorut\u003c/i\u003e) is made of iron and was used to cultivate the fields.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TIIKyqzaf4fHIbLgAR3avslkhkB1h9NfSntCW4AeDdOA2WZmiZoyzHO83XBjbxL7FqEUVkhQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCattle are kept for food\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis strap (\u003ci\u003ekotiek\u003c/i\u003e) is made from dried cow hide and used when bleeding cattle.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QkndebDW-mBVPTMg6TEnQqc0HSgVQLIvnD7uJBNRWiD-Uoeksi1W9VHPvMmqrFGS-DlSd2jA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA symbolic club\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA black wooden club (\u003ci\u003erungut\u003c/i\u003e) carved by men, who used it as a hand stick. It was used for walking around, when addressing a meeting, and as a symbol of authority.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlwaaiiVBELrgp9rQe_rwrJ3pjj9Svln99ei3oovAiudnEZqnU3GSQbyVvAaqB61c9JbxYKrI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChildhood to adulthood\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a special ceremonial headdress (\u003ci\u003enariet\u003c/i\u003e) with cowries stitched onto cowhide. It is topped with a circle of bead-decorated leather fringed with goat hair. It was made by a specialist and would have been worn by girls when they emerged from seclusion, following circumcision.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCircumcision was an important rite of passage in the Kipsigis community, marking the transition from childhood to adulthood.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q7IxDQumLHqwQ3T4WhQr__akzzunqoOib6M9bbR2iT2X3jVrLPQYtfcmhMj0NF6feeEB7KQ5Rz",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExogamous marriages\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis headband is made of four strings of beads with aluminium spacers, the beads on the aluminium pendant are suspended by six lengths of brass chains. The headband was made and worn by women and girls, particularly for marriage ceremonies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMarriage was an important custom in Kipsigis society, and they practiced exogamous marriages (marriage outside the social group).\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RzCavjZgR3wjmgoqRqFIT09clWyoj6FOCASL8hsydLepJZnJeTec9QesDC6rv57af1mLTvLYo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRoles of men and women\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese three baskets (\u003ci\u003ekerebet\u003c/i\u003e) were made by women and used for storage of flour and porridge, and to keep food ready for their husbands. Flour was poured into the baskets to conserve it from spoiling. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKipsigis men traditionally built houses, repaired fences, cleared land for cultivation, hunted and took care of livestock, while the women prepared meals, collected water and firewood, tended the gardens, grew small millet and sorghum, and took care of children.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tj9wVnG-BgIlf5_H099ORqjSJC9gXCPy2cAeBN_d2WOuUIVAYyU2wqn6n14GBLY4AnoG1fNg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBelief in magic\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kipsigis revered their ancestral spirits (\u003ci\u003eoik\u003c/i\u003e) and magic. They believed the spirits of the deceased, may either become hyenas or go underground, from where they would re-emerge to torment the living. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThus, when a man was ill, the \u003ci\u003eoik\u003c/i\u003e were usually accused of tricking him into leaving his body. Eleusine grain would be scattered from the man’s bed to the door, through chanting. The \u003ci\u003eoik\u003c/i\u003e were then believed to follow the grain and depart from the body. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIf the spirit was wicked, the services of a magician had to be solicited. The magician was meant to discover the cause of the illness – whether it was a spirit, black magic or a curse cast upon the man.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TXhQubf_lXelfq3DPi4ViO7ckTwxJJrgaUOTBtaTY1C94OZEdrGo9AwmR_848AESQdG-XS",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBad blood caused sickness\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis bleeding horn \u003ci\u003elalek\u003c/i\u003e was made by medicine man and used by all members of the community to cure aches, faintness and sickness. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA cut would be made on the aching part, the horn placed over the cut, and sucked to drain blood until the horn was full. The drained blood (considered bad and the cause of sickness) was then poured on the ground.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T83pEdRjPVNaf7qkmY8YKTeD_T_A2YVtZjIKGmsNJGspL_9HxA8ozJ3nQUNsN3eXCkWqK8DCo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFolklore: the origin of the Kipsigis people\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kalenjin were collectively known as Mnyoot before they separated. They traveled from Tot, their area of origin, and reached Kipsigis hill, where they settled for many years. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThree groups were travelling from the country of Tot around the same time: the Nandi, the Elgeyo and the Kipsigis. When they arrived, they went to Saltlick of Sowe and separated. The Nandi reached Kapkeben, while the Kipsigis reached the Mountain of Kipsigis, and lived there for some years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOne day the Kipsigis moved to Mosore. They stayed for a while, then later moved to Chelemey. They continued to the mountain of Pureti, and lived there for years before moving again to Suswot.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T83pEdRjPVNaf7qkmY8YKTeD_T_A2YVtZjIKGmsNJGspL_9HxA8ozJ3nQUNsN3eXCkWqK8DCo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eOthers joined them – the Maasai, the Kisii and the Luo. These communities were considered a threat, and enemies to the Kipsigis people. The Kipsigis fought them and won. Eventually, they all moved away and took all their cattle. This was a great achievement for the Kipsigis people. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis popular myth was told to every Kipsigis in the past, as part of the tribe’s history, in an attempt to explain the origin of the Kipsigis. Traditionally, folktales and riddles were combined with myths to provide young people with a strong sense of Kipsigis values.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QuT36r_cQc73YVb4kJIEqmF1Q4BJn_rFQEC91qWqPFL2bKsSdN_nLPIugu4LyJ5LxOCiKydA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePleasant flute tunes\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis flute is constructed out of a thick hollow wood, curved into shape using a knife. It consists of five carefully crafted holes, shaped to help direct the passage of air. The shape and design of the flute must accommodate the sound waves moving through air in order to produce notes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eYoung men in the community played the flute to create pleasing sounds.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tsf3vpDcMZ6LNBw6_QF37F0eZlEY1C2gNdMcvjW0plCGZIYZAkV1upjT7BJulxJ9C5MyaSvA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA traditional lyre\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis eight wire stringed lyre is covered with cow skin. The resonator is made of an old tin, wood from \u003ci\u003eleldongeiyett\u003c/i\u003e tree and the stings of twisted sinews obtained from the cow\u0026#39;s back. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis musical instrument was used by the community to accompany singing and dance during marriage or circumcision ceremony (named \u003ci\u003eketuba chaburecha\u003c/i\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Bajun Community","National Museums of Kenya","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SMzak4v2T0DpEg1MIIL1D67PTfkhlextRqjmydZLmojbPLqB0Dmdrh0s69WTZrf562tAKYKg","/story/qAVBPBOX66KTIA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"qAVBPBOX66KTIA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMigration and settlement\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Bajun are believed to have migrated from Shungwaya due to conflict with the Cushitic communities, who pushed them from their native land to their current location. They engaged in fishing, farming and trade. The arrival of the Arabs to the Kenyan coast led to the community adopting the Islamic faith.\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,null,355.99447228594653,-0.5756994515427039,null,null,null,null,90.04918450586759,"/streetview?sv_f\u003d90.04918450586759\u0026sv_h\u003d355.99447228594653\u0026sv_p\u003d-0.5756994515427039",null,47,null,"SvInfo:89389f99-328f-4a12-962f-b57519a61871"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QIgiEyu-yeUk55hhNFiWjMgLIEy7tjdk8d8CEnx2nj70FOf8LIpWmbe33D3Wx4HnOmYzD4eOQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExperience Bajun culture at the Maulidi and Lamu cultural festivals\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese two festivals are celebrated annually and showcase the rich culture and traditions of the communities inhabiting the coastal region. Some of the highlights to look out for are: camel races, henna painting, boat races, and many more.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R1hKgZ0XSGYSBiwJIQhPtIG6T9T6tDEjeeAtRv82X3_5wsceCkrTFHnOucu_k04n44zA_kYNM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFarming\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis hoe (\u003ci\u003ejembe\u003c/i\u003e) was used for cultivation. It was made from scrap metal by a blacksmith\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC4LFu6xfa_1CWzR_gfBNSV4OGQYyfM-QiG_cSDvM8yFIBpGmXqm8Ndu5Dj99QZLCNCTXx",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003ci\u003eChayu\u003c/i\u003e is a food weighing scale. The basketry trays were woven by women, while the men carved the scale support using wood from the \u0026quot;Msumbari\u0026quot; tree, and the baskets were attached with a rope made of twisted coconut tree fibre.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R801Wo9oN94SuqC5ctEdJkLRbc622-34b9PqvOjgObLou4IJNcwX8eLTOZnGZybfvWTlD_Cg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMen provided protection to the community\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis horn, \u003ci\u003eZumbe\u003c/i\u003e, would have been blown by an elder to summon people to war. It was inherited by sons from their fathers.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QRm9G0ipj5UAN1pJa6Ri22lV_zVtxAr_01JJR9a9OneeS6qqjDSayjwuAbgeLUw1HZ8WEZxA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is a round deep flat bottomed basket made by men. It was used for carrying farm produce from the shamba.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Te7iIaEQVN2kvkuwpX49Dl6zUdub2HD2IqLG6dIqu-aafpPknEa-NGvJ4j4Kryt1H7UAirfg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWomen prepared meals for the family\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eClay frying pan \u003ci\u003eNyaya\u003c/i\u003e made and used by women for cooking chapati (flat bread). Traditionally the Bajun\u0026#39;s main foods were coconut, fish and rice.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SZ5lC24mnBRf3JOIffgLDEPf0oWUxhttnMEb3PL5pzzp6ISF3rCfZWj34WnIrH7RSLP2NIfw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBread with designs\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a carved wooden paddler (\u003ci\u003eChapaza namu\u003c/i\u003e), used to put designs on bread. It is made by a craftsman from \u003ci\u003emsaji\u003c/i\u003e wood.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TJVZyR3dYl3n2RcnIQO35lzV6sLUtJ6S6bdSgjPxIK3KhbtYHP3AnKb8PIodMySzYYMYEpgf0",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWater collection\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA bucket (Kichapa) made of cowhide with wood frame. It was used to collect water from wells.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RU5GARt-7ZV6CPLoph1bd6Moqnkb_alIXrCJSBz3QAISEIVZ43YNNwS-X40ULM_X_xJ561dQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWater storage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis clay pot was made by a women potter and was used to keep water cold.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TCmjnH6PSbJxuJq2WPJBWq9NIGRjVLx2wsQAjuC_VfBq_99I2AS7qpLUlq0_6lCU9quU5eDR8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCosmetic and spice holder\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis painted wooden pot (\u003ci\u003eKikakasi\u003c/i\u003e) was made by a male \u003ci\u003efundi\u003c/i\u003e (craftsman). It was painted using mangrove and vegetable dye and used by women for storing spices and cosmetics.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SGkox1ytfynCPUrfqZh2IjDun-ay64ZQLGaiswl7tULpGSow-Pgx2AHcF-dNlhxtq6AkEz72Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKiti cha Enzi\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a traditional king\u0026#39;s chair.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RlDtX-yrHlGsHP8tWAhYw9fS0jC52I2jcSB_mo8jA-lncruFg0e8iWqdK598WcV9LIL5MCdQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncense for prayer\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a small, round incense container (\u003ci\u003eUfurama\u003c/i\u003e) made by a craftsman. It was used to keep incense fresh, and to carry it to the mosque for use when praying.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SwT6rTyK_UVEhP98ZkLUh-UZgSSs3fAN5XEFyGw355XUy0y_SIrs1hRmY8WG230IPKZlbiNGY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSiwa\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis musical horn is made of animal horn and wood from \u0026#39;mweza\u0026#39; tree. It is curved using a chisel like tool called \u0026#39;chembeu\u0026#39; and used in a variety of traditional ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q15SuoMJn_uKVlY9rKaTGG3R6jW81hhccdQyvgE33cpIqoXzvn_wmXPQg3G2jnqgX58ojp-Ic",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eItuasi\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis bell is made from cow horn and metal. 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["stella.svi",-1.273430917653927,36.81445303761052,"CAISFjNEdXQ4MVFlV3pvQUFBUkRveUhmSVE\u003d",223.8783878054414,-5.375970834341928,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003d3Dut81QeWzoAAARDoyHfIQ\u0026heading\u003d-136.1216121945586\u0026pitch\u003d-5.375970834341928\u0026fov\u003d52.99999999999999\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dvvh8m28HA84e2dDNp0GMWJJ-5no",2,52.99999999999999,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFjNEdXQ4MVFlV3pvQUFBUkRveUhmSVE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d52.99999999999999\u0026sv_h\u003d223.8783878054414\u0026sv_p\u003d-5.375970834341928\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.273430917653927\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81445303761052",null,null,[2,"3Dut81QeWzoAAARDoyHfIQ"],"SvInfo:20d985d8-ebd8-4d4b-9ebc-a15589d05eba"];window.INIT_data['EditorialSection:ed5910ca-9eba-4a66-ad61-5466823850c0'] = ["stella.edit.sect",["The heroes from history","Fighters for their communities’ land, freedom and spiritual well-being",null,null,null,1],50,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","Mashujaa Wetu: Meet Kenya's Superheroes","A journey through over 400 years of history and geography","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qga6UslmmuaeOQ3DUW40HNtn6lmIi6Oy6BqI5DNAb8rGo_CQqi3z8KSi3qOxSL5-JoHf5whw","/asset/mashujaa-celebrate-the-communities-of-kenya/3QGslJbKd_R0kA",21,null,null,null,null,["3QGslJbKd_R0kA",1.7777778,null,null,["//i1.ytimg.com/vi/pu2XisgPOcQ/hqdefault.jpg","pu2XisgPOcQ","Mashujaa! Celebrate the communities of Kenya",null,null,0.5625,0,0],null,null,null,null,null,0],null,[null,null,"Watch the introduction"],null,null,null,"Watch",[2],null,null,null,[1,"3QGslJbKd_R0kA"],null,null,null,null,[1]],["stella.common.cobject","Nayece","The Mother of All Turkanas","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T_B8ZQoeNPkXn_fcLPzGgLYxd9_wjSWjjnVnfei_iWVxW45PG0PS84QjiXJ9jBkTNm1W6vBg","/story/2QXBdspMV12wKQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"2QXBdspMV12wKQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8ftk8Yfc9nY4Ia6mr3308jXbu9huBBOe2Zu_sD5blvgoauBVpT4w5EG5zTry7F78YL54oDRc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNayece: The Mother of All Turkanas\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe story of Nayece, the legendary mother of all Turkana, begins many years ago when a group of eight young men lost a bull. The bull of a specific shade of grey or engiro, was their source of wealth and they could not afford to lose it. The eight young men set out on a journey to find the lost bull.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/RwOgxnQG5twxMg/1603043358919.mp3","Nayece Part I"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8ftk8Yfc9nY4Ia6mr3308jXbu9huBBOe2Zu_sD5blvgoauBVpT4w5EG5zTry7F78YL54oDRc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThey passed through valleys and hills, fought with wild animals on the way, passed through communities who saw them as possible spies sent by their enemies and felt threatened. They endured climate changes from one area to another, from scorching sun to heavy rainfall. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThey travelled eastwards from the country of Jie in Karamoja, tracking the lost bull of a specific shade of grey, engiro.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/agMQCcxCYcSHvQ/1603043391452.mp3","Nayece Part II"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8ftk8Yfc9nY4Ia6mr3308jXbu9huBBOe2Zu_sD5blvgoauBVpT4w5EG5zTry7F78YL54oDRc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eDescending to the escarpment which now serves as the border between Uganda and Kenya, the young men arrived at the headwaters of the Tarash River. They were struck by the beauty of this foreign landscape, where the sand is light, the trees are few and the wind blows freely. They could see where the sun touched the ground and they fell in love with the sun set.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/XAPgHuQxGR5R3A/1603043488400.mp3","Nayece Part III"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8ftk8Yfc9nY4Ia6mr3308jXbu9huBBOe2Zu_sD5blvgoauBVpT4w5EG5zTry7F78YL54oDRc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThere in this foreign land on a hill called Moru Anayece which means \u0026#39;Nayece\u0026#39;s Mountain, they found the bull of a specific shade of grey, engiro, living with Nayece.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/bQNAnF6HlWKUKw/1603043521871.mp3","Nayece Part IV"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8ftk8Yfc9nY4Ia6mr3308jXbu9huBBOe2Zu_sD5blvgoauBVpT4w5EG5zTry7F78YL54oDRc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eNayece, an old woman, had also come from Karamoja to gather wild fruits. She led the young warriors into a lush and verdant valley, unoccupied by people. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe valley was rich in wild berries which even today are an important part of the Turkana diet. She welcomed the young men by showing them around the area, gave the men fire and taught them how to cook.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/pQPwPRF2MkD23g/1603043585168.mp3","Nayece Part V"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8ftk8Yfc9nY4Ia6mr3308jXbu9huBBOe2Zu_sD5blvgoauBVpT4w5EG5zTry7F78YL54oDRc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eImpressed with the area, the young men return to the country of the Jie, to collect additional young men and girls, and to drive herds of livestock back to the Tarash. They decided to remain in the new area permanently, and thus became the Turkana.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/ZwPQpvdYiBo8Rw/1603043645183.mp3","Nayece Part VI"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8ftk8Yfc9nY4Ia6mr3308jXbu9huBBOe2Zu_sD5blvgoauBVpT4w5EG5zTry7F78YL54oDRc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eNayece divided the men into the territorial sections which are the basis of Turkana society today. She became the mother-heroine of the Turkana. Ever since, the Turkana and the Jie have been allies.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/NgOwp7s_HF5Y6w/1603043689124.mp3","Nayece Part VII"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8ftk8Yfc9nY4Ia6mr3308jXbu9huBBOe2Zu_sD5blvgoauBVpT4w5EG5zTry7F78YL54oDRc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNayece\u0026#39;s legacy lives on\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLake Turkana, is located in Turkana County in the Kenyan Rift Valley, in northern Kenya, bordering Ethiopia. Lake Turkana is the world\u0026#39;s largest permanent desert lake and the world\u0026#39;s largest alkaline lake. By volume it is the world\u0026#39;s fourth-largest Salt Lake. The Nile crocodiles are found in great abundance on the flats. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe rocky shores are home to scorpions and carpet vipers. The lake is rich in fish and fishing is very important to the local economy. Lake Turkana has three National parks; Sibiloi National Park which lies on the lake\u0026#39;s eastern shore, Central Island National Park and South Island National Park which lie in the lake. Both are known for their Nile crocodiles. They are now listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Women Builders of Mana","The Great Gabra Women Architects","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RFyygp4K3an3eplEjbRwZU44eidyCNWeep-8_prkJs4FIWJ5eyrxEnECb2rg0UiGnVoqg8Lg","/story/7AVBaa0nrlblIQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"7AVBaa0nrlblIQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RMhgF1Cwq_hXq2F4T-RAEB11vImoyYAOcLRwTWxXo1nLo2bx3yayjFkA7O8XZ9x-dzesAnSw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Gabra Women Builders of the Mana\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Burj Khalifa, the Taj Mahal, the Sydney Opera House and the Mana. What do all of these buildings have in common? Well, they all boast of great architectural prowess and engineering ingenuity. Still, the Mana stands out from the rest because of its superior adaptability to the environment. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mana is so adaptable that it can be dismantled at a moment’s notice and carried along to a new destination! What’s more? The Mana is designed and constructed entirely by women.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/EwOgW7YtDM_ALg/1602696992857.mp3","The Gabbra Women Builders of the Mana (Gabbra community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RMhgF1Cwq_hXq2F4T-RAEB11vImoyYAOcLRwTWxXo1nLo2bx3yayjFkA7O8XZ9x-dzesAnSw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Mana is a traditional Gabra hut. It is the Gabra dwelling unit in which members of a household reside. It is a portable dome-shaped structure about three metres in diameter and can be dismantled at a moment\u0026#39;s notice by skilled Gabra women.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn building the Mana, Gabra women use a framework of poles, firmly fixed about thirty centimetres into the ground and bent at the top to make the roof. They tie thin sticks to these poles, horizontally and at intervals, using cowhide thongs.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/MAOQtEBsnGYJCQ/1602697010424.mp3","The Gabbra Women Builders of the Mana (Gabbra community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RMhgF1Cwq_hXq2F4T-RAEB11vImoyYAOcLRwTWxXo1nLo2bx3yayjFkA7O8XZ9x-dzesAnSw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eOn top of this framework of poles, rests a covering of dasse (sisal mats), ithile (goat or sheep skins) and sometimes old pieces of cloth. These are held in place by ropes which tie everything down. Dried shrubs are used to cover and surround the part of the hut that touches the ground. This helps to ward off sand particles that may be blown in by the wind.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RMhgF1Cwq_hXq2F4T-RAEB11vImoyYAOcLRwTWxXo1nLo2bx3yayjFkA7O8XZ9x-dzesAnSw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eAs is the tradition of the Gabra, the women ensure that all Gabra huts are similar and all have their doors facing the west. The reason for this is to prevent the wind from blowing dust and sand into the houses. The wind blows from east to west.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/jAPwBe9EnDed6g/1602697160584.mp3","The Gabbra Women Builders of the Mana (Gabbra community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RMhgF1Cwq_hXq2F4T-RAEB11vImoyYAOcLRwTWxXo1nLo2bx3yayjFkA7O8XZ9x-dzesAnSw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Gabra live in settlements known as olla or sometimes manyatta. An olla is a unit of huts (Mana) with people who choose to live together. There may or may not be kinship. An Olla does not have a set number of people and the settlements are usually far from one another. During the dry seasons the Mana will concentrate around wells. Most Gabra olla’s change sites after every three or four months in pursuit of good pasture.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Mana shows that traditional African architecture was not only full of ingenuity but was also extremely functional in every aspect.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/lQPARbRsaOmfUQ/1602697116357.mp3","The Gabbra Women Builders of the Mana (Gabbra community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RMhgF1Cwq_hXq2F4T-RAEB11vImoyYAOcLRwTWxXo1nLo2bx3yayjFkA7O8XZ9x-dzesAnSw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe legacy of the Gabra lives on\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe great women architects of Gabra had thought of sustainable housing before it became a modern trend. As we face environmental issues like climate change and scarcity of natural resources, the cost of building and maintaining various buildings has become more costly. People are looking at ways to create living spaces that are not harmful to the environment and also save money in the process. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEco-friendly trends and practices in architecture are already being implemented all over the world. These practices save money and the planet.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Muyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassaniy","The Star Swahili Poems","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TXvgucZ8p3fmyMcIygnYCTyE0LPau3jWy0ZfRRVwMomTsj7OQNdjL3dU-her8dPWY2L3o6qA","/story/TgVRbMCRVs7kKQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"TgVRbMCRVs7kKQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QoNJ7tRBHwFe2PapyBFFr9a7bFzfjE7_RipsTi86sJ0vvmzneDN9vYadnrQQnYapsN77iw5f8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMuyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassani: Star Poet of the Swahili\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Kenya, the Swahili people are known for their unmatched skill in poetry, dating centuries back. Sadly some of the earliest authors of secular poems in Kiswahili remain unknown. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHowever, the work of one outstanding poet has been recorded and he is remembered by name: Muyaka bin Haji al-Ghassaniy, born in 1776 in Mombasa on the East African coast.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/hwOgsq36MfYWkg/1604933903007.mp3","Muyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassani: Star Poet of the Swahili"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QoNJ7tRBHwFe2PapyBFFr9a7bFzfjE7_RipsTi86sJ0vvmzneDN9vYadnrQQnYapsN77iw5f8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eHis poetry dates from the first half of the nineteenth century but was recorded in the late 1880s in Swahili-Arabic as well as in Roman transliteration. It describes, criticises and makes fun of topical events, at the time.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/9wPAylOAnXlrnQ/1604933919865.mp3","Muyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassani: Star Poet of the Swahili"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QoNJ7tRBHwFe2PapyBFFr9a7bFzfjE7_RipsTi86sJ0vvmzneDN9vYadnrQQnYapsN77iw5f8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eMuyaka used Kimvita a Swahili dialect commonly spoken in Mombasa. He enjoyed word play and double meanings using a rich and extensive vocabulary, often with archaic words but all the while respecting the dictates of the popular Mashairi verse form.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/eQOg32XYXfSO9A/1604933938034.mp3","Muyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassani: Star Poet of the Swahili"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QoNJ7tRBHwFe2PapyBFFr9a7bFzfjE7_RipsTi86sJ0vvmzneDN9vYadnrQQnYapsN77iw5f8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eMashairi is lyric poetry characterised by strict thematic and stylistic concerns. In Muyaka’s time, any violation could lead to the exclusion of the deviant author from the ranks of accepted poets.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMuyaka is recognised particularly as an outstanding composer of quatrains which were considered the ideal for philosophical and topical themes. A Quatrain is complete in four rhymed lines.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/5QOALGlIsvRW-A/1604933956154.mp3","Muyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassani: Star Poet of the Swahili"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QoNJ7tRBHwFe2PapyBFFr9a7bFzfjE7_RipsTi86sJ0vvmzneDN9vYadnrQQnYapsN77iw5f8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eHowever, Muyaka also experimented with other poetic styles, on topics such as love politics and domestic life. In the last category he used his own experience to write about the challenges posed by marital relationships, especially polygamous ones like his own.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/ggPw7_tY4Em7rg/1604933978895.mp3","Muyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassani: Star Poet of the Swahili"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QoNJ7tRBHwFe2PapyBFFr9a7bFzfjE7_RipsTi86sJ0vvmzneDN9vYadnrQQnYapsN77iw5f8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eMuyaka’s concern with the political situation in the early 19th-century is shown in poems that encourage the Mazrui rulers of Mombasa to oppose the overlordship of the sultan of Muscat, who was then ruler of the city states along the Kenyan coast. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe preface to his collected poems, “Diwani ya Muyaka”, gives us an insight into his dual role as a commentator on his times and a voice of contemporary opinion.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/gwMAoLJPg8EFFg/1604934010255.mp3","Muyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassani: Star Poet of the Swahili"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QoNJ7tRBHwFe2PapyBFFr9a7bFzfjE7_RipsTi86sJ0vvmzneDN9vYadnrQQnYapsN77iw5f8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eOne of Muyaka’s poetic epics “Bao Naligwa” is about a traditional board game called Bao, commonly played in East African communities. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eNalipohiteza Bao, Bao la mti haiba,\u003c/i\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003enali hiishika ngao katikati hajishiba;\u003c/i\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003enikiteza kwa vituo hafunga kwa namu haba\u003c/i\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003endipo nambapo \u0026#39;shurba\u0026#39; oani Bao naligwa!\u003c/i\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eMtaji nalohiuta nalihiuta hashiba\u003c/i\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003enami nikaziokota hata hajaza kibaba\u003c/i\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eBaole likatakata msi namu ya akiba\u003c/i\u003e \u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003endipo nambapo \u0026#39;shurba\u0026#39; oani Bao naligwa!\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/bwPgamhJNaQxIg/1604934041157.mp3","Muyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassani: Star Poet of the Swahili"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QoNJ7tRBHwFe2PapyBFFr9a7bFzfjE7_RipsTi86sJ0vvmzneDN9vYadnrQQnYapsN77iw5f8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe words mtaji, namu and takata are common in the game of Bao and Muyaka uses different interpretations of them in his play on words. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMuyaka bin Haji al-Ghassaniy died in 1840 and is not only remembered for his own poetry but also for the inspiration he has had on contemporary Kiswahili poets.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/ZgPwhp6kQHtKBQ/1604934061041.mp3","Muyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassani: Star Poet of the Swahili"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QoNJ7tRBHwFe2PapyBFFr9a7bFzfjE7_RipsTi86sJ0vvmzneDN9vYadnrQQnYapsN77iw5f8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMuyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassaniy\u0026#39;s legacy lives on\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe East Africa coast supports rich wildlife populations, some which are found nowhere else in the world. In terms of biodiversity, coastal forests in Kenya such as Shimba Hills, Lower Tana River forests, Witu Forest Reserve, Arabuko- Sokoke Forest; Diani Forest and Kaya Ribe, host all globally threatened species occurring along the coastal strip. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe region also has a rich cultural diversity. There are over 1,200 documented cultural and historical sites and monuments at the Coast under the National Museums of Kenya.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Untulo","The El-Molo Sharpshooter","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SGsybijIxy_y8WxYIyT1AV8Qu0ushSUptrfsqizUrgmfPrubl1hnze9yZPyUvvqSuq1SYwxA","/story/RAXR8UXHznkNIw",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"RAXR8UXHznkNIw"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sm54tpi2n55Ao2o4RXLORQmuRBhoiMeYTmhnyUhPlzfoBcu-JrC8pbyUHo9JBfrtvbey2OIw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUntulo: The Sharpshooter of the El-molo\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMany years ago, among the El-molo community, there lived a famous hero called Untulo. Untulo was the most skilful archer in the entire Island of Ilaote. The island had two grand villages, Garas and Palo. Untulo was from the Orgagaito clan in Palo village.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/pwNggecGXtgRsA/1602704981458.mp3","Untulo The Sharpshooter of The Elmolo Part 1"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sm54tpi2n55Ao2o4RXLORQmuRBhoiMeYTmhnyUhPlzfoBcu-JrC8pbyUHo9JBfrtvbey2OIw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe El-molo people, particularly the men, practiced fishing. Every night the men went fishing in the lake surrounding the island and returned to the village at dawn. They enjoyed a happy life. They only had to be careful about crocodiles that lurked in the dark waters and their enemies from the neighbouring Borana community.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe fish the men took home was shared among women and children, the sick and the old. Fishermen who had been injured by crocodiles were the first to receive their share. The community practiced sharing for survival.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/wANwOJNbozJVcQ/1602704938357.mp3","Untulo The Sharpshooter of The Elmolo Part 2"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sm54tpi2n55Ao2o4RXLORQmuRBhoiMeYTmhnyUhPlzfoBcu-JrC8pbyUHo9JBfrtvbey2OIw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eOne evening, Untulo decided to visit his brother in Garas village. While approaching the village, he saw a troop of Borana men. Lo and behold! The men were creeping up the hill and to spy on the El-molo homestead. Garas men would be away the whole night, fishing. The Borana warriors planned to take advantage of the situation and approach the village unseen. Little did they know that Untulo was at the rear watching and following them.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/XgNw6zi7_Nrdcg/1602696592898.mp3","Untulo: The Sharpshooter (El-Molo community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sm54tpi2n55Ao2o4RXLORQmuRBhoiMeYTmhnyUhPlzfoBcu-JrC8pbyUHo9JBfrtvbey2OIw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eUntulo stealthily crept along the bumps, trenches and bushes to get as close as possible to the enemies without being noticed. When he was close enough, he shot poisonous arrows at lightning speed. So shocked were the Borana warriors at the ferocious storm of Untulo’s arrows that those who survived fled for their lives in different directions. Untulo left his hiding place and marched into the field. Dead bodies lay around him. He pulled his arrows out of the bodies and put them back in his quivers.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/QQNQwQeQm1p0ig/1602696727145.mp3","Untulo: The Sharpshooter (El-Molo community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sm54tpi2n55Ao2o4RXLORQmuRBhoiMeYTmhnyUhPlzfoBcu-JrC8pbyUHo9JBfrtvbey2OIw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eDawn came and the fishermen of Garas village walked home joyously with their huge catch of fish. But the mayhem they found frightened them and stopped them in their tracks. Borana corpses were scattered all over the place. The fishermen dropped the fish and ran towards their huts to see if their children and women had been harmed. Their expressions changed from shock to relief when they found them all peacefully asleep.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/1gPwU-E6pVwPaQ/1602696746847.mp3","Untulo: The Sharpshooter (El-Molo community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sm54tpi2n55Ao2o4RXLORQmuRBhoiMeYTmhnyUhPlzfoBcu-JrC8pbyUHo9JBfrtvbey2OIw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe fishermen knew at once that Untulo was the one who had saved the lives of their people. On that day, a banquet was held in honour of Untulo, the sharpshooter. To this day Untulo remains a famous hero among the El-molo community.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/8ANQeMVBoiNmMA/1602696780809.mp3","Untulo: The Sharpshooter (El-Molo community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sm54tpi2n55Ao2o4RXLORQmuRBhoiMeYTmhnyUhPlzfoBcu-JrC8pbyUHo9JBfrtvbey2OIw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUntulo\u0026#39;s legacy lives on\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe El Molo are among Kenya’s smallest ethnic groups. They historically spoke the El Molo language, which is regarded as endangered by UNESCO. The El Molo live along Lake Turkana, the most saline of Africa\u0026#39;s large lakes. Lake Turkana has three National Parks, Sibiloi National Park, the South Island and the Central Island National Parks. They serve as a stopover for migrant waterfowl and are major breeding grounds for the Nile crocodile, hippopotamus and a variety of venomous snakes. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Turkana Basin is well known for research studies which include exploration of the Koobi Fora deposits which has been found to be rich in mammalian, mollusc and other fossil remains. Exploration of this basin has contributed more to the understanding of paleo-environments than any other site on the continent.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Hiile Korichir","The Daasanach Peace Ambassador","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QFehMGqsOHSdMjBJp73AAPP_txMD8xl9CskyIBnfWIyfVY37SrAtxYMqbyr59fMCFkyaoO8w","/story/hwWx6UKHD9e-JA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"hwWx6UKHD9e-JA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SuqA7vjrQ88FbEbocg0myPsM5TjtxJ-n5ymXcVPH-Q1i7Y_PcPWmMR2FqvQAMAcbKSjMBqog",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHiile Korichir: The Daasanach Peace Ambassador\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTowards the end of the 19th century, in the midst of fireworks from warring communities, a boy, Hiile Korichir was born. Hiile Korichir was born near Illeret town (somewhere along the border of Kenya and Ethiopia), along the Lower Omo River and on the shores of Lake Turkana.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/LgOA6wP9I7EqHA/1602698210398.mp3","Hiile Korichir: The Peace Ambassador (Daasanach community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SuqA7vjrQ88FbEbocg0myPsM5TjtxJ-n5ymXcVPH-Q1i7Y_PcPWmMR2FqvQAMAcbKSjMBqog",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eFrom his childhood Korichir noted that, while his neighbours, the Gabra and Hammar enjoyed a relatively peaceful co-existence, his community, the Daasanach lived in a state of endless conflict with their neighbours.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs a normal practice among the Daasanach he was a herds boy. He also learnt the community history, customs and traditions through apprenticeship. Korichir was keen on understanding Daasanach culture. And because of his keen and observant nature, his kinsmen knew, even at that early age, that one day he would become an important person among the Daasanach.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/xQOQ_C1PiJ7Wcw/1602698235539.mp3","Hiile Korichir: The Peace Ambassador (Daasanach community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SuqA7vjrQ88FbEbocg0myPsM5TjtxJ-n5ymXcVPH-Q1i7Y_PcPWmMR2FqvQAMAcbKSjMBqog",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eKorichir was baffled by the never-ending conflict between his people the Daasanach and their neighbouring communities. For the Daasanach, the Gabra were considered their major enemy tribe. The conflicts were caused by competition over resources. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFurther, differences in language and culture between the Daasanach and their neighbours made them stand out and contributed to enmity manifested by frequent incidences of cattle rustling. Over time these neighbouring communities developed a deeply entrenched history of hatred and fighting.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/IQOQqvbuvXZoFg/1602698256683.mp3","Hiile Korichir: The Peace Ambassador (Daasanach community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SuqA7vjrQ88FbEbocg0myPsM5TjtxJ-n5ymXcVPH-Q1i7Y_PcPWmMR2FqvQAMAcbKSjMBqog",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eAt the height of these raids and warfare, a generation of young warriors from each community was wiped out. Korichir decided enough was enough! He met up with elders and convinced them to agree to make peace. He devised peace ceremonies which included several meetings and ritual sacrifices between the three communities. During these rituals, spears, bows and arrows were buried as a symbol of peace. The three communities agreed that whoever broke the peace agreement would be cursed. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHiile Korichir is a shujaa among the Daasanach.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/kQOw6EAajNqxCg/1602698320816.mp3","Hiile Korichir: The Peace Ambassador (Daasanach community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SuqA7vjrQ88FbEbocg0myPsM5TjtxJ-n5ymXcVPH-Q1i7Y_PcPWmMR2FqvQAMAcbKSjMBqog",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHiile Korichir\u0026#39;s legacy lives on\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Omo River, also known as the Omo-Bottego River is in southern Ethiopia and is the largest Ethiopian river apart from the Nile Basin. Its course is entirely contained within the boundaries of Ethiopia, and it empties into Lake Turkana on the border with Kenya. This river is the principal water source of the Turkana Basin.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Kote Golo","The Sakuye Supreme Commander","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rhx4dBhkx1w8V0wXW6fAM53KN-ay1CqTJht8utGjjwq23nCrPhVUzki-txTyTgndQ3K7xLrG4","/story/wAVxW7C6-LCKKQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"wAVxW7C6-LCKKQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TYxNSVvoxUfW6qg9DrlWixK6sC69qHiQfgQJ606Bd2Omldj1W6hzvojIIV62ZzrN9f7bgKu0Zd",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKote Golo: The Story of the Supreme Sakuye Commander\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKote Golo was born in the late 19th century near the present day Dabel, on the Kenya-Ethiopia border. Like other boys, he tended to his father’s camels and occasionally helped his family in subsistence farming.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/0wMgIoIJrS80Jw/1602698855413.mp3","Kote Golo: Supreme Commander (Sakuye community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TYxNSVvoxUfW6qg9DrlWixK6sC69qHiQfgQJ606Bd2Omldj1W6hzvojIIV62ZzrN9f7bgKu0Zd",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eGolo married several wives and had many children some of whom are alive today. Golo was wealthy and a surprisingly skilled artist. Golo’s creative nature placed him above others in all matters. He enjoyed carving and made all his utensils and attire accessories out of wood. In his time, he was the best carpenter. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHe was a warrior par-excellence, and an innovative and strategic leader in war. Stories are told of his legendary exploits in leading the Sakuye community into war. He led in resisting attacks on his community’s livestock by raiding communities like Gabra, Daasanach, and Borana. He was brave enough to be a lone soldier.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/yAPAznB3RTWVRQ/1602698875013.mp3","Kote Golo: Supreme Commander (Sakuye community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TYxNSVvoxUfW6qg9DrlWixK6sC69qHiQfgQJ606Bd2Omldj1W6hzvojIIV62ZzrN9f7bgKu0Zd",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eDuring his youth and early adulthood, the East African region was engulfed in several conflicts. There was conflict between the Oromo and the Somali people as well as a conflict between Britain and Italy which played out in the region.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/aQOQmoFJ8gdKNQ/1602698892584.mp3","Kote Golo: Supreme Commander (Sakuye community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TYxNSVvoxUfW6qg9DrlWixK6sC69qHiQfgQJ606Bd2Omldj1W6hzvojIIV62ZzrN9f7bgKu0Zd",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eKote Golo learnt early in life that disagreements about land boundaries could cause wars even between brothers. Italy occupied the Welwel (Walwal) oasis in the early 1930s, and launched a full-scale invasion of the Ogaden from Somali land in 1935. Kote noted that the following year, 1936, Ethiopia and the Ogaden, were proclaimed to be part of Italian East Africa. Although Ethiopia was liberated with the help of Free French and British forces in 1941, the Ogaden remained under British administration until 1948. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWith no demarcated borders, Kote Golo knew there would be division of Oromo and Somali who were living in Ogaden, into the three states of Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia. The seed for war had been sown! The lessons he learnt during the Ogaden war played a huge role in making him an excellent warrior.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/AwMAubJHnevPlw/1602749793967.mp3","Kote Golo: The Story of the Supreme Sakuye Commander"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TYxNSVvoxUfW6qg9DrlWixK6sC69qHiQfgQJ606Bd2Omldj1W6hzvojIIV62ZzrN9f7bgKu0Zd",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eHe fought in many battles against the invasion of Somali and Oromo armies, supported by the Soviet Union and Cuba during the Ogaden war, to ensure that his people were safe and the land of the Sakuye was not snatched. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs he fought to save his people, Kote Golo sustained many wounds. He suffered the long term effects of these wounds but still lived to die of old age. Kote Golo is forever remembered by the Sakuye community for his bravery.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/MANQO5nEIX6p_A/1602747133285.mp3","Kote Golo Part 5"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TYxNSVvoxUfW6qg9DrlWixK6sC69qHiQfgQJ606Bd2Omldj1W6hzvojIIV62ZzrN9f7bgKu0Zd",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKote Golo\u0026#39;s legacy lives on\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Sakuye are semi-nomadic Oromo people living in Marsabit and Isiolo counties, Eastern Province Kenya. Isiolo is outstanding with an impressive landscape and ranges of hills. It is a treasure unknown to many. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Merti Plateau, the Lorian Swamp, and The Gotu Falls are among Isiolo’s great scenery. The Gotu Falls has underground springs toward its western side which are believed to have the cleanest water for human consumption. The Gotu Falls is an iconic attraction for local tourists and travellers.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Farmers of The Desert","The Burji Farmers of The Desert","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RZ731kg8kKtjSWniu5yD6EuAy21GMHg3IOa8YCcpQhiwCddSFhazY9T4k-seOth-YyOSbJzg","/story/GwWxLDJUezlLIA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"GwWxLDJUezlLIA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QUgu314OTw2YkWwSdIP4lYnFbsKAZJmMZInrh_cmlRvePhrwr7KfBWwMDmQZs6x2fDKE8xgOE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Burji Farmers of the Desert: The Expert Agriculturalist\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA long time ago, in the 16th Century, Burji and their cousins Borana and Konso lived happily in Liban in Southern Ethiopia. Because of the close bond that existed between them they are sometimes spoken of as “the three brothers” or “companions in fate”. Together, they carried out an annual sacrifice for the well-being of the land. The cousins took turns to provide a sheep for the purpose. They prepared their sacrificial sheep in advance, by preserving it in a special place for it to fatten.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/2AOAuU81UcoaDA/1602699876723.mp3","Farmers of The Desert: The Expert Agriculturalist (Burji community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QUgu314OTw2YkWwSdIP4lYnFbsKAZJmMZInrh_cmlRvePhrwr7KfBWwMDmQZs6x2fDKE8xgOE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eOne day, during the Borana’s turn to provide the sacrificial sheep, the Konso did something that would change the relationship between the three cousins forever. The night before the sacrifice took place, the Konso stole the Borana’s special sheep, ate it, and threw the bones in front of the Burji\u0026#39;s door. This made it look like the Burji had stolen the sheep.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/wwNgO5lRuctC6A/1602699895123.mp3","Farmers of The Desert: The Expert Agriculturalist (Burji community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QUgu314OTw2YkWwSdIP4lYnFbsKAZJmMZInrh_cmlRvePhrwr7KfBWwMDmQZs6x2fDKE8xgOE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe next day the annual sacrificial ceremony did not take place; instead a joint meeting was called to investigate the theft. The Burji did not come to the meeting because he was the Liban elder and also because he had a clear conscience. The affair grew into a serious conflict and finally, the angry Borana drove the Burji and Konso out of Liban. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBefore they were driven out, however, important spiritual ceremonies had to be done under the Gada order, whose origins were in Liban. They each declared separate activities for their clan’s survival. They then set off to their new settlements in different areas of what is today referred to as northern Kenya.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/wgNwxzEvDScjBA/1602699914440.mp3","Farmers of The Desert: The Expert Agriculturalist (Burji community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QUgu314OTw2YkWwSdIP4lYnFbsKAZJmMZInrh_cmlRvePhrwr7KfBWwMDmQZs6x2fDKE8xgOE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Burji swore to be farmers, to feed the Borana who had chased them away from Liban, with grains of life. From Liban, they carried with them African Moringa and various species of sorghum. They settled in Boohee Burji and perfected their love for agriculture, and became expert farmers. To date the Burji are highly regarded as agricultural experts famous for their skills and ability to farm the arid lands.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/OgNg5NpAK6dv0w/1602699933576.mp3","Farmers of The Desert: The Expert Agriculturalist (Burji community)"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QUgu314OTw2YkWwSdIP4lYnFbsKAZJmMZInrh_cmlRvePhrwr7KfBWwMDmQZs6x2fDKE8xgOE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe legacy of the Burji Farmers lives on\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGood agriculture is paramount to the survival of humankind. The Burji are referred to as expert farmers due to their skills in farming arid land. As climate change leads to lower and more erratic rainfall, many farmers can learn from the Burji who have already developed ways of farming that are effective in the arid lands. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGood agriculture is paramount to the survival of humankind. The Burji are referred to as expert farmers due to their skills in farming arid land. \u003cbr\u003eFarmers hold the backbone of the agricultural system. For a country to progress, the gross domestic product should be reasonable and agriculture is one of the important parts. Without food, there is no life.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe agricultural system can only survive if crops are planted and harvested. Good farming also reduces the risk of harmful contamination of agricultural produce. Good farmers follow best practices for reducing microbial contamination to ensure that the food they sell to the public will not cause harm or illness for consumers.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Loolel Kookoi","Loolel Kookoi:The Great Turkana Warrior","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q0iE3nm8-LSjZ7rdtLVCMHOzCSLa91F7Xj5PLWUPG4U_LlAcYMRnbfOh_9VdUGnyrO183dLA","/story/twWRBlbj0iuiLA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"twWRBlbj0iuiLA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYhpbkNwL1N9xUWtuF0zQuqYa-JCYCGuhtk89Sqc96yGNcuclpsY10RUJU8dTvr0snWaDWYA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLoolel Kookoi: The Great Turkana Commander\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Turkana community’s contribution to Kenya’s independence is immeasurable and unequalled, but unfortunately, this fact has never been fully recognised.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/SwMg-XUnrkixxg/1606144697477.mp3","Loolel Kookoi: The Great Turkana Commander"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYhpbkNwL1N9xUWtuF0zQuqYa-JCYCGuhtk89Sqc96yGNcuclpsY10RUJU8dTvr0snWaDWYA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eBefore the nineteenth century, the Turkana had a large army and commanded such great respect among their pastoral neighbours that they always provided the Paramount Chief of the region. Their army was tailored for pastoral raids and predatory expansion, well suited to the social and physical environment of the semi-arid region of northern Kenya.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOne of their most fabled leaders was Loolel Kookoi.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/kgMgeR6N9YRkAA/1606144716221.mp3","Loolel Kookoi: The Great Turkana Commander"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYhpbkNwL1N9xUWtuF0zQuqYa-JCYCGuhtk89Sqc96yGNcuclpsY10RUJU8dTvr0snWaDWYA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eHe was born in the late 1880s near Kokuro on the banks of the Lomogol River and showed leadership skills from a very early age. Through apprenticeship he acquired the knowledge to become a diviner and medicine man.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/lAMgFPUu3Yx4lg/1606144733645.mp3","Loolel Kookoi: The Great Turkana Commander"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYhpbkNwL1N9xUWtuF0zQuqYa-JCYCGuhtk89Sqc96yGNcuclpsY10RUJU8dTvr0snWaDWYA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eHe had great role models; before him there had been the charismatic example of Lokerio and Lokorijam, who had given the Turkana a renewed sense of identity, pegged to military prowess. Kookoi grew up to become a hardened fighter and respected medicine man. With these qualities he was able to unite all the Turkana.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/xwNgrGcUq5TQdg/1606144753017.mp3","Loolel Kookoi: The Great Turkana Commander"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYhpbkNwL1N9xUWtuF0zQuqYa-JCYCGuhtk89Sqc96yGNcuclpsY10RUJU8dTvr0snWaDWYA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eHis greatest test came with the British colonial army’s entry into the North of Turkana. This happened at a time when the Turkana people were experiencing divisive rivalries between their diviner-cum-military leaders. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKookoi decided to take the initiative in order to assert his own authority and to galvanise Turkana resistance to British intrusion. He was aided in this ambition by his equally warlike friends and age mates, Nathura and Ebei, as fellow commanders.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/EQPwR1HIIdpRmw/1606144774523.mp3","Loolel Kookoi: The Great Turkana Commander"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYhpbkNwL1N9xUWtuF0zQuqYa-JCYCGuhtk89Sqc96yGNcuclpsY10RUJU8dTvr0snWaDWYA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Turkana army campaigns of 1910 to 1917 saw the emergence of one of the most fearsome fighting forces in the land, known as the Ng’iruru. In time, the word Ng’iruru came to describe courageous and well-trained opponents to British rule who were highly dependable when forming military expeditions. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBy the end of 1917, Kookoi was able to mobilize as many as 5,000 men to defend the Lomogol River which was crucial to British strategic ambitions.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/IQNwqR3F8b_xQQ/1606144796409.mp3","Loolel Kookoi: The Great Turkana Commander"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYhpbkNwL1N9xUWtuF0zQuqYa-JCYCGuhtk89Sqc96yGNcuclpsY10RUJU8dTvr0snWaDWYA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eBritish campaigns were routinely resisted by Kookoi’s fighters. This forced the British to launch one of the largest punitive attacks against an indigenous people in 1918. Meant to neutralize Turkana military power, once and for all.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/IwPQl8IN_H4Q3A/1606144816777.mp3","Loolel Kookoi: The Great Turkana Commander"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYhpbkNwL1N9xUWtuF0zQuqYa-JCYCGuhtk89Sqc96yGNcuclpsY10RUJU8dTvr0snWaDWYA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eA combined force of around 5000 troops drawn from Sudan, the King’s African Rifles, joined by fighters from groups antagonistic to the Turkana, launched an operation that led to deaths, confiscation of livestock and the scattering of Turkanas to places like Samburu, Isiolo, Marsabit, Laikipia, Cherengany and other areas in northern Kenya and beyond.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/NQPw7ks1nuy3XQ/1606144838004.mp3","Loolel Kookoi: The Great Turkana Commander"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYhpbkNwL1N9xUWtuF0zQuqYa-JCYCGuhtk89Sqc96yGNcuclpsY10RUJU8dTvr0snWaDWYA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eVowing not to surrender, Kookoi was forcefully arrested by British soldiers, chained and marched to a prison on the Kenyan coast, either on Kismayu or Manda Islands. Loolel Kookoi was never to be seen again yet his example remains etched in the collective mind.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/KgMA3y9gve8_Lw/1606144904163.mp3","Loolel Kookoi: The Great Turkana Commander"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYhpbkNwL1N9xUWtuF0zQuqYa-JCYCGuhtk89Sqc96yGNcuclpsY10RUJU8dTvr0snWaDWYA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLowalel Kookoi\u0026#39;s legacy lives on\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWater is essential for our planet. It is vital for people and Water is essential for our planet. It is vital for people and wildlife – it needs careful management because there’s not always enough to go around. Like Loolel Kookoi we should be relentless to save what is important to our well-being. Turkana County is famed for Lake Turkana, the world\u0026#39;s largest permanent desert lake. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe lake is also the world\u0026#39;s largest alkaline lake. The lake is rich in fish and is a source of sustenance and economic wellbeing to the local community. It is important to take measures to ensure that our lakes and water bodies remain to serve future generations.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Wayyuu Banoo","The Waata Father of Hunting","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RgRL_OWKKWcjOvjjlTobufrLarb2sG1kDKwhUVjtieJRRxBbCe3l-XFlzixpZrzkpz3eRh","/story/uwVBw7pK1GLTLQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"uwVBw7pK1GLTLQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RUVAJ5vYRbQnZxjwaGfZMMEotqEZy7PLhxE99KrOslojP1ejiAZMSqRF06aRMaqq8S_OxAqw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWayyuu Banoo: The Father of Hunting among the Waata\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Waata are Oromo-speaking people who live mainly beside the Tana River in Lamu District of Kenya. According to Waata legend, there lived a rich ancestor called Wayyuu Banoo who offended Waaqa, the Oromo Sky-God, in the course of a traditional board game.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/AAOQsXP7TPVjrA/1604937017236.mp3","Wayyuu Banoo: The Father of Hunting among the Waata"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RUVAJ5vYRbQnZxjwaGfZMMEotqEZy7PLhxE99KrOslojP1ejiAZMSqRF06aRMaqq8S_OxAqw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe myth explains how Wayyuu Banoo, a rich livestock owner, challenged a visiting stranger to a contest of wealth while the game was in progress. The stranger, who was none other than Waaqa or God himself, punished Wayyuu for his arrogance by totally wiping out his herds except for one billy goat.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/OQOA4h7crdhF4Q/1604937034132.mp3","Wayyuu Banoo: The Father of Hunting among the Waata"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RUVAJ5vYRbQnZxjwaGfZMMEotqEZy7PLhxE99KrOslojP1ejiAZMSqRF06aRMaqq8S_OxAqw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eWhen Wayyuu Banoo realised his mistake, he asked for Waaqa\u0026#39;s forgiveness and help. Waaqa not only forgave Wayyuu but he also bestowed on him the skill needed to fashion a bow and an arrow and also to make poison for the arrow. He then instructed Wayyuu Banoo to sacrifice the remaining billy goat.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/kQMQESgf-bEDmQ/1604937049680.mp3","Wayyuu Banoo: The Father of Hunting among the Waata"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RUVAJ5vYRbQnZxjwaGfZMMEotqEZy7PLhxE99KrOslojP1ejiAZMSqRF06aRMaqq8S_OxAqw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eWayyuu became the father of the hunting tradition of the Waata. They consider hunting a divine gift, whose values they continue to transmit to the younger generation through these symbolic means.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RUVAJ5vYRbQnZxjwaGfZMMEotqEZy7PLhxE99KrOslojP1ejiAZMSqRF06aRMaqq8S_OxAqw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eAccording to myth, Waaqa, in compensation, gifted all Bineensa or wild animals to the Waata as their exclusive property. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Waata commemorate this event annually by sacrificing a billy goat and performing songs and dances in honour of the elephant and other animals that they once hunted. They consider hunting a divine gift, whose values they continue to transmit to the younger generation through these lingering ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/4gNgzxz9sx_8eA/1604937176363.mp3","Wayyuu Banoo: The Father of Hunting among the Waata"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RUVAJ5vYRbQnZxjwaGfZMMEotqEZy7PLhxE99KrOslojP1ejiAZMSqRF06aRMaqq8S_OxAqw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eWayyuu Banoo, the founder of the Waata and creator of their hunting tradition is also credited with establishing the Qaalluu or shaman dynasty. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Qaalluu play an indispensable role in all life cycle and transition ceremonies among the Oromo people including the Borana and the Gabbra, and are always rewarded with special parts of sacrificed animals. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAll these innovations are owed to Wayuu Banoo whose legacy endures.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/RgMgDkj0bCoTUA/1604937196859.mp3","Wayyuu Banoo: The Father of Hunting among the Waata"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RUVAJ5vYRbQnZxjwaGfZMMEotqEZy7PLhxE99KrOslojP1ejiAZMSqRF06aRMaqq8S_OxAqw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWayyuu Banoo\u0026#39;s legacy lives on\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Tana River Delta is an Important Bird Area (IBA) and a Global Biodiversity Hotspot. The Tana Delta is also part of the Coastal Forests of Eastern Africa. It’s ecosystem is thus of global importance in biodiversity conservation.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Ajuran Sultanate","The Royals from Somali","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S4Rk8vCyUNrTZzN3H4VQReqzY6ZH9snwU-22eaKYxVyu9x99a4CZOgp0TfYh-pt6VX6zuMyQ","/story/OQWhyZdnB5BSKA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"OQWhyZdnB5BSKA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QrJlWIZENXW3rb_c45_7RaJZl9JJMXK4hikx_18mwOCDn3ecsMysrtANSNN2uSvQIJHRS_5HU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAjuran Sultanate of the Somali\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the midst of the vast Somali expanse in the 13th century, a great empire dwelt upon the land. Canals crisscrossed the Shebelle and the Juba rivers and the land was lush with crops. They were a marvel of hydraulic engineering like the land of the Pharaoh’s before them. For miles around, this great kingdom was the best, and the only empire in Africa that had bent rivers to its will.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QrJlWIZENXW3rb_c45_7RaJZl9JJMXK4hikx_18mwOCDn3ecsMysrtANSNN2uSvQIJHRS_5HU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eComplementing its canals, were wells and cisterns that are still in use even to this day. With a centralized system of government, the Sultans at the helm and a strong military, not even the Oromo from the west and the Portuguese from the east could measure up to its might. This, was the Ajuran Dynasty.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QrJlWIZENXW3rb_c45_7RaJZl9JJMXK4hikx_18mwOCDn3ecsMysrtANSNN2uSvQIJHRS_5HU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eAt the peak of the European age of exploration, the European superpower, Portugal, was perhaps the most determined to test the strength of the Ajurans. Their conquest begun with the city-states of Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwa, Lamu and Pate. Some they plundered others they torched.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QrJlWIZENXW3rb_c45_7RaJZl9JJMXK4hikx_18mwOCDn3ecsMysrtANSNN2uSvQIJHRS_5HU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe overzealous Tristao da Cunha went as far as daring the Ajuran Empire itself in the battle of Barawa but the resistance was too stiff and the defenses too strong. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Somalis from the Ajuran Empire fought fiercely and defeated the Portuguese with Tristao fleeing to nurse his injuries in the Socotra islands.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QrJlWIZENXW3rb_c45_7RaJZl9JJMXK4hikx_18mwOCDn3ecsMysrtANSNN2uSvQIJHRS_5HU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Portuguese were not the type to take defeat easily. Tristao wanted to mount another attack on Mogadishu, the Ajuran capital and richest city in Africa. However, the Portuguese thought it a foolish idea to attack the Ajuran stronghold and advised against it. With that Tristao backed down and left the Ajurans in peace.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QrJlWIZENXW3rb_c45_7RaJZl9JJMXK4hikx_18mwOCDn3ecsMysrtANSNN2uSvQIJHRS_5HU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThat was not the end of the Portuguese attempts on the Ajurans. Joao de Sepuvelda led a Portuguese battalion and tried to get into Mogadishu via the sea in what was the battle of Benadir. The Ajuran Navy too defeated him before he even reached the shores of Mogadishu.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QrJlWIZENXW3rb_c45_7RaJZl9JJMXK4hikx_18mwOCDn3ecsMysrtANSNN2uSvQIJHRS_5HU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eBy the 1580’s some of the coastal cities were already under Portuguese oppression. The Ajurans, a kind hearted people as they were, sympathized with the Swahili and Arabs living in those cities and called for help from the Turkish for a joint force against the Portuguese. Mir Ali Bey responded with his fleet and drove the Portuguese out of Pate, Mombasa and Kilwa.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QrJlWIZENXW3rb_c45_7RaJZl9JJMXK4hikx_18mwOCDn3ecsMysrtANSNN2uSvQIJHRS_5HU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Portuguese also drew reinforcements from India and forced the Ajuran’s into defense. They avoided Mogadishu nonetheless, even after managing to retake the cities under their control. In the end, the Portuguese were overpowered for good.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QrJlWIZENXW3rb_c45_7RaJZl9JJMXK4hikx_18mwOCDn3ecsMysrtANSNN2uSvQIJHRS_5HU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eIn the 17th century, the expanding Oromo nation of Ethiopia reached the Southern Somali coast. At the same time, the Ajuran Empire was at the height of its power. The Garen rulers of the Ajuran Empire carried out military conquests known as Gaal Madow Wars against the Oromo warriors, converting whoever was captured into Islam. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe defeated Oromo had no option but to migrate elsewhere. No story on mighty empires of Africa can be complete without the mention of the Ajuran Empire.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QrJlWIZENXW3rb_c45_7RaJZl9JJMXK4hikx_18mwOCDn3ecsMysrtANSNN2uSvQIJHRS_5HU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eConservation message\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen the lands of the Shebelle and Juba rivers were lush with crops, water flowed from Mount Kenya, feeding the rivers flowing north and east. There were trees growing all over the landscape. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eToday the drylands do not produce as much, because water is used for farming and livestock before it reaches the drylands. Trees have been cut for charcoal. The use of water has to be regulated to meet the needs of both upstream and downstream users.\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"Ajuran Empire: A Mighty African Empire","Ajuran Empire's Hydraulic Engineering and Military Might"]],["stella.common.cobject","Mpunyati Lesepen","The Great Samburu Astrologer","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QisOoZCZ7m8uzQ-HP5v-glhmPTkYqUqzOvEdjFo5B9gkcGvo8b5PFH8BwXaxOVExJPjzu5","/story/eQXRkNLZcV7iLQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"eQXRkNLZcV7iLQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QJADJ6GNnLQB-IC6d9IhqAAFeBW_GdxGCwGpm52EVxwxxrZgBGOKQeq4YLh3mc6QL-0awz",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMpunyati Lesepen: The Great Astrologer of the Samburu\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMany years ago, legend has it that one Sof Omar emigrated from the land of the Borana into that of the Samburu whereupon he took the new name of Mpunyati Lesepen. He was the founder of a long line of astrologers which survives to this day.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/7APQzHyDitBApw/1604933676091.mp3","Mpunyati Lesepen: The Great Astrologer of the Samburu"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QJADJ6GNnLQB-IC6d9IhqAAFeBW_GdxGCwGpm52EVxwxxrZgBGOKQeq4YLh3mc6QL-0awz",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eMpunyati Lesepen, was initiated into the Lmarikon, an age-set whose members were initiated around 1879.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/UwNAeT1xTcKvWw/1604933693331.mp3","Mpunyati Lesepen: The Great Astrologer of the Samburu"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QJADJ6GNnLQB-IC6d9IhqAAFeBW_GdxGCwGpm52EVxwxxrZgBGOKQeq4YLh3mc6QL-0awz",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eMpunyati was very close to Nkai meaning ‘God’ with whom he was able to communicate directly, by reading the stars in order to pass on Nkai’s messages to the Samburu people.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/NgPgKdGRQzywuA/1604933709606.mp3","Mpunyati Lesepen: The Great Astrologer of the Samburu"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QJADJ6GNnLQB-IC6d9IhqAAFeBW_GdxGCwGpm52EVxwxxrZgBGOKQeq4YLh3mc6QL-0awz",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eWhile he was dreaming in his sleep, he could see visions of the past, present and future. At other times, these visions were brought about by using objects for divination or through intoxication. Consequently, Mpunyati was able to warn of droughts, pestilence and impending disease or war.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/igPwB77BuKjl-Q/1604933728883.mp3","Mpunyati Lesepen: The Great Astrologer of the Samburu"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QJADJ6GNnLQB-IC6d9IhqAAFeBW_GdxGCwGpm52EVxwxxrZgBGOKQeq4YLh3mc6QL-0awz",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eMpunyati also possessed divination gourds (or cattle horns) called nkidong from which he could cast divination stones. Mpunyati had secret knowledge to prepare ntasim powerful, mystical medicines which could be used to treat afflictions such as infertility, blindness, insanity, and the death of livestock.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/wAPQfgYT21DOeg/1604933747670.mp3","Mpunyati Lesepen: The Great Astrologer of the Samburu"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QJADJ6GNnLQB-IC6d9IhqAAFeBW_GdxGCwGpm52EVxwxxrZgBGOKQeq4YLh3mc6QL-0awz",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eIn succeeding years, successive Lesepen were, therefore, called upon to protect warriors with ntasim before they went into battle.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMpunyati Lesepen had a son, Lokulume Lesepen, another great Samburu astrologer who lived in Ng’iro. In the 21st century, Ldumeme Lesepen also a descendant of Mpunyati truthfully predicted the 2007 post-election violence in Kenya and also that Uhuru Kenyatta would one day become president.\u003c/p\u003e"],null,null,["https://culturalinstitute-audio-serving.storage.googleapis.com/audiocaption/YgPgLHewdTb0BQ/1604933766481.mp3","Mpunyati Lesepen: The Great Astrologer of the Samburu"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QJADJ6GNnLQB-IC6d9IhqAAFeBW_GdxGCwGpm52EVxwxxrZgBGOKQeq4YLh3mc6QL-0awz",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMpunyati Lesepen\u0026#39;s legacy lives on\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSamburu are nomadic pastoralists. They follow patterns of rainfall, seeking out lush pastures and water for their cattle, camels, goats and sheep. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eClad in a striking red cloth wrapped like a skirt and a white sash, the traditional dress of the Samburu tribe is embellished with vibrant beaded earrings, bracelets, anklets and necklaces. The colourful, decorative jewelry reveals and represents the status of an individual.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QJADJ6GNnLQB-IC6d9IhqAAFeBW_GdxGCwGpm52EVxwxxrZgBGOKQeq4YLh3mc6QL-0awz",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eA significant and essential part of the Samburu culture is the art of dancing. Men dance in a circle and jump high from a standing position. They merely use their voices to complement their singing and dancing, no other accompaniments. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThey reside in a stunning, sparsely populated part of Kenya prolific with wildlife.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]]]],null,null,null,null,"superhero",null,null,null,6,"SimpleStack","EditorialSection:ed5910ca-9eba-4a66-ad61-5466823850c0"];window.INIT_data['SvInfo:90a52b1e-c247-4b99-975f-be54729d9898'] = 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["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE5OR3IzY3hYdkc2ek1MTklvb1JBcWtCbGppMVFTdDZzenNxY3pN",273.5527757560192,5.740538950696447,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipNNGr3cxXvG6zMLNIooRAqkBlji1QSt6szsqczM\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-5.740539-ya-86.44723-fo83.83226",null,83.83226148523197,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE5OR3IzY3hYdkc2ek1MTklvb1JBcWtCbGppMVFTdDZzenNxY3pN\u0026sv_f\u003d83.83226148523197\u0026sv_h\u003d273.5527757560192\u0026sv_p\u003d5.740538950696447",null,0,[10,"AF1QipNNGr3cxXvG6zMLNIooRAqkBlji1QSt6szsqczM"],"SvInfo:54e8b2af-6e92-4059-8d42-60006bc28fce"];window.INIT_data['EditorialSection:71d7bcc1-4942-44a3-96b4-f12dda2e73c9'] = ["stella.edit.sect",["The sound of a community","Learn more about the different musical traditions across Kenya",null,null,null,1],53,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","Music in the Isukha Community","Explore the traditional music celebrations of the Isukha community","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S3iQo5cHSI44VXkcyzxCJIugAGLOC9K8ojarMxD4KDTvi_Cskg4iArbozORw9mV7WI2twyeA","/story/cgUxiOiEOZ8QwA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"cgUxiOiEOZ8QwA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"],[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TdRUu4sh-LHlL1NAFAj6DCyOuubu1C32NqJ5es553liGlKkAiQMv79Pc52kmlWN72vVO2_l8E","Meet the Isukha",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Isukha (also referred to as Abaisukha) are a sub-community of the larger Luhya (Abaluyia) community in Kenya. They are well known across the country for their traditional Isukuti dance, which is performed by both the Ishukha people and their close relatives the Idakho.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RyEL95MFZdGzcFgTEjabME_JjT16nPiLUGlxB6arn8r8QjYWx9EynftU_vf2yCA29tIanelw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eIt is a rapid dance accompanied by drumming of the isukuti drums, from which the dance drives its name. Both men and women participate in this dance, usually led by a soloist.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tu3L555EWfVbdRIzda27bazRDAv51PDLBiPzalZNTg4m3NOee3e1mSJ8qtl2E-O_4yS9TCgtw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe dance is now popular amongst the entire Abaluyia community, and is inscribed by UNESCO in the world heritage list.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q7E7M2DOpL1NLNH47yA_lPPKgtTX8dSbQwEbau-V173wZ9lDplaPQaXd50loXeef-MpUEWzkBs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis one-stringed instrument (\u003ci\u003eShiriri\u003c/i\u003e or fiddle) is made of wood from the \u003ci\u003emukorani\u003c/i\u003e tree. The resonator is covered with cowhide. It was made and played by men to accompany singing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Music in the Luo Community","Discover the traditional music and instruments of the Luo people","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T-zV80VVdDf5dFQYI1yzPofoNkpnPXO_pMdEsjBNOu6r4sE3QgleMqZGQxEAw0YJrMP-eqXdc","/story/fwXRYLwJvmPlAQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"fwXRYLwJvmPlAQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"],[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tr2-OlM6-TBVH_iztfNja5VwGL1xmVaV0LjsSqghTHz7bDgGMbhPc6asdL7jmdz6jcCEnVuA","Meet the Luo",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Luo are the fourth largest ethnic group in Kenya, and are particularly known for their musical skills and instruments. The Luo have unique traditional music that plays a functional role in their lives. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q82lkEHDOdd-ojnYpro0Fn4gWJMRtrizBUodIhsdt3nJkkl7KKAwG4T3gWNUktcHObMFWyIg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Luo play music at all important events. During funerals, Luo music is played to pay tribute to the deceased as well as consoling the family. Traditionally, diviners and medicine men also used music to invoke rain, chase away evil spirits and heal the sick.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_ROT1qlZD-BpykiXOAzu4Fjf2lxU5y-aNjGTX_at8DtaH6wgXorR1ZAtYbxCWUdIDF9Rmhj",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eTraditional musical instruments include drums, rattles, horns, the Abu and stringed instruments like the Nyatiti.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QwkydvUNbjMPVEFs9VLR7pE2pY5sUOKavyZ7UbX-l3S6xPIcM-v4QvBUx_NdxcfQBbwbiK6is","The Abu",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Abu is a traditional Luo musical instrument, made of several gourds stuck together using beeswax, and tied with the bark of the \u0026#39;powo\u0026#39; (grewia) tree. The Abu was traditionally made and blown by men, producing a deep, loud sound for entertainment during important ceremonies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TLAVkHYTzFSpYwNcchrW-qS9OMyySUdyFlOeNNtR8Rr9QLAMm2ux6Ubw9rVltBjKV8su8C_go","The Nyatiti",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis eight stringed musical instrument is locally known as \u0026#39;Nyatiti\u0026#39;. It is a plucked bowl yoke lute, which was traditionally played for entertainment.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QvB0e1tZyPLslcxtCJq06NFGkLx9Q0pz9sPNjMP-z8SoAiO54oi77KNaKvKq0_Qyg5s2yl58Y","Fly whisk",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis fly whisk was made from an animal\u0026#39;s tail and fitted with a wooden handle. It was used by women during traditional song and dance ceremonies. It was also used by diviners to send off bad spirits, and in other instances it was used to bless people.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tk49Oq-fqZ2DuQjeLxBzOii40-OSrSc3j72VnBoXScGtoyJXsuocsqPAiFicXs2wXUGbLGydE","The fiddle",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis fiddle is a musical instrument made from a tin covered with leather skin and tied with a wire. It was played by men to produce melodic sounds.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Music in the Turkana Community","Discover the traditional costumes and dances of Turkana ceremonies","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S90vxqT3guwXse5sYWnpg14pB7SGmuvyqxSQN_oYD65zEfyQ8d3o_zwh_uUhsFNIKRF_OEyQ","/story/yQWxkUwa0rXLXg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," ",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:f11619ff-5488-41b8-a020-cc52cea602ef","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S90vxqT3guwXse5sYWnpg14pB7SGmuvyqxSQN_oYD65zEfyQ8d3o_zwh_uUhsFNIKRF_OEyQ","4mTLk71l3RPyEdNHGr_I3Ko1sHk",[0.44666177,0.36264932,0,0.8896168,0.72529864],null,null,null,[3008,2000]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"yQWxkUwa0rXLXg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"],[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QmtoftJc6Ak2RB-PrZQ5KmplJEUpZI9MQ-xz8GfkUZ8RLMFF951rng8CikOzX0wO_ymVOW2Q","Meet the Turkana",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Turkana are one of the largest nomadic communities in Kenya, traditionally located around Lake Turkana. They are known for their basket weaving and the annual Lake Turkana Cultural Festival, which showcases the community\u0026#39;s traditional ceremonial dances and costumes.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SUV0hwvMyUGGOuoiWRnZD_1V_MLHka8JVGWOfn8TNkflVGukJ4_nT5l_4xqtkVW17NNOP1Au4","Traditional dance",[null,"\u003cp\u003eTurkana women and men perform traditional dances wearing ceremonial costumes like these, made from animal skin and fitted with decorative beads. Here they are also wearing traditional beaded necklaces and coiled aluminium armbands. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TUywX0j0hYrV7-qDXDYhPAvKR6H9oPd8k6EI0_PliGDK4xCFt51iLtOfEKhbBK4TRdX2xABNBZ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThese men in traditional costume are preparing to perform a cultural dance.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SZh6dig4ZEMUdmdqyVNU_x5qK_5dLmOchlGDzEMba0CTMuEC_gfDDLkYeOD1HVb-FH9ThdzA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eLike other Kenyan communities, the Turkana are known for their traditional high-jumping dance, during which men jump as high as they can.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RWnjb2yeyRlk8j4q5j602dXL40AgrsssC99m1Yih4xQpjqqOYv3nMjVnHa1JSj9I_mputaRyA","Leg bells",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThese leg bells were made by a blacksmith from scrap iron sewn onto khaki cloth, and used for dancing by both men and women. Worn below the knee, they were used especially at wedding ceremonies.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SgGxwB_0M6gerHkIFWHtxeL0N9G_IS_v3iiVrP_Tg30VSxhHi0oe6FMqh4tE8LgPgZ9ZSl","Head ornament",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is an ornament used to stick into a mud pack coiffure to hold ostrich feathers. It has a number of deep holes formed of string topped with woven fine copper wire. It was made and used only by men.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q_KqJ3DXzWX3YK0P5A_M6vZYmgskzs4TGfilXGJHQMFxgkNKZBJ9wCdmRATRAFVu5_puTK0CW3","Ceremonial seating",[null,"\u003cp\u003eDuring Turkana ceremonies, men usually sit on a headrest or stool in a semi-circular formation to perform traditional rituals.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Music in the Pokomo Community","The community's lullaby inspired the Kenyan national anthem","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TeUgCOx8rZVhEL7a1QHsjxqF5KOnlow_j3_dJWri_GoUGfBh1F4x5q9qA_aWWPtP-aePeAcA","/story/qgUxMAUwhJfM6A",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"qgUxMAUwhJfM6A"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"],[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QcveVF56yZepcaoI-CSnRWEXhLvCKozND57kJX4RRLO_3ONkBKHuJYo8lNg7kT6l-H1sVPbA","Meet the Pokomo",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Pokomo are a coastal Bantu community, closely related to the Waswahili and Mijikenda communities of the coast. The Pokomo people traditionally use music to celebrate their harvests, fishing, hunting, weddings, circumcisions, and births.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SF6Bmb9LMj-ic5T1KmhHtwbPlCZUPr3WkS0xhnf1RCtprpyZoN5-TtY8DfgGtviFHPh2fp4A","Traditional musical instruments",[null,"\u003cp\u003eWood and string are the main materials used to make this musical instrument, (\u0026#39;Gita\u0026#39;). It is played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, thumb or fingernails of the right or left hand.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QaJPJLpM6azLXwLoib4apGaNfmqgyuamsDmE7zHpEUZZQ1lykJwwHSr6KsI1gPmvq21xa_",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis is a drum (\u003ci\u003eMaribe\u003c/i\u003e), made of wood from the \u003ci\u003eMakuyu\u003c/i\u003e tree. It is played only by bachelors, and is used for young people to dance to.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TUYY_CxToje33DTswr23LQhloVsrI8bCe7-StKAp1wBx_rj3fBVGjN9rsCZpX0dzV_ZV2dE2o","Kenya's national anthem",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Kenyan national anthem was borrowed from a Pokomo lullaby, which was composed by Mzee Menza Morowa Galana of Makere village. Mzee Menza died on 12 November 2015 at age 96.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Music in the Kikuyu Community","Explore Kikuyu song and dance, an essential element of this community's cultural heritage","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SBhVlId1FLLc7VgU6HzXBeapMXg3vYdO_tfefojGLKaWGPVOUKf1oCCru5dgY7zcjLx9lP_w","/story/3wWxL9RxKggMpw",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"3wWxL9RxKggMpw"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"],[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RSVCXvfduDnCUfoaXYgjMGBwDSB8NMf_DUcvuTnh0XuzmaCSD6JPkMLU48UHAdDghiAxCyyA","Meet the Kikuyu",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Kikuyu are a community found around the slopes of Mount Kenya. Like many Kenyan communities, they traditionally celebrated ceremonial occasions – such as weddings, initiations, and the birth of new member into the family – by singing and dancing.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlrIMotuLsU3gP1qzDyCXrgZlIVJz3OvlKg2Ukoq-x71DQIEXr0v5_57lneq9hU5uwsxvc","Musical instruments",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Kikuyu did not have many musical instruments because most of their songs and dances did not require elaborate accompaniment. The main instruments were the drums (\u003ci\u003ekihembe\u003c/i\u003e), small rattles (\u003ci\u003enjingiri\u003c/i\u003e), large rattles (\u003ci\u003ekigamba\u003c/i\u003e), horn (\u003ci\u003ecoro\u003c/i\u003e), and flute (\u003ci\u003emuturiru\u003c/i\u003e).\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QIVCQckgIzOF79yEdueYr5lqfH-6e94EXvl3eVFkL0G5eT4S7NA-QDcxeXVC1sbRPxMtEcG9E","Wandindi",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe fiddle (\u003ci\u003ewandindi\u003c/i\u003e) was usually played by someone who specialized in playing the musical instrument. \u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RYgek2tdqR3Lyd01lGVG7dPD-chAV6J9W7-dSn7y9y3Q41KZTz_n1XRqnJ8Flfe2_RGfx6WFk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eOne such musician would go round the countryside playing the \u003ci\u003ewandindi\u003c/i\u003e and singing in markets and at dances. A small bow with a string of sisal (\u003ci\u003emuthage\u003c/i\u003e) was used to play it.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q_MEyY0t4bUs1f7kQIgNo7EnpRxoh5E5r9Q5AaU-H_AphqbY8AfJbOrcbxM3WwwvniomjNdwA","Kigamba",[null,"\u003cp\u003eLarge rattles (\u003ci\u003ekigamba\u003c/i\u003e) were made by blacksmiths, and worn by travelers and dancers just below the knee during special occasions, such as war dances, initiation ceremonies and other ceremonial dances.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TOMx75nFsmTN_T2GmsdtNJxwMOEwi1uDuixBuKFmAJ6jRxMLLzfAIeH1x3GNe1CXJYj-NP5L4",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThis large leg rattle was made with four long bells on each, sewn on a thick pad of leather. It was worn by older men for dancing as a sort of musical instrument, and was made by a blacksmith from iron sand. Nowadays, such bells are made from scrap iron and ball bearings.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]],"The Kikuyu Community","A Kenyan Community with a Rich Culture"]]]],null,null,null,1,"music",null,null,null,11,"Accordion","EditorialSection:71d7bcc1-4942-44a3-96b4-f12dda2e73c9"];window.INIT_data['MicroscopeImage:8b4687b8-5278-4836-bd7b-1889ab6fad9e'] = ["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:8b4687b8-5278-4836-bd7b-1889ab6fad9e","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T2XMkopj3dwJelRZnVH_arpT2wpJ0t4D-qlqWtXmO4DA0Ct-87QqNvDKvVYpvLcUu4t1D6","YBqsZc2yOzP4pDH3a_J8J7YlofY",[0.4865567,0.6872555,0,1.1536397,0.625489],null,null,null,[2000,2000]];window.INIT_data['SvInfo:5df19907-b670-4d73-84e6-1b86da8c90dc'] = ["stella.svi",-1.286727742813463,36.817920929344496,"CAISFmdjWnk2WVlBYmxnQUFBUkJOUE5qWHc\u003d",77.83050665806937,-1.3339509926944686,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dgcZy6YYAblgAAARBNPNjXw\u0026heading\u003d77.83050665806937\u0026pitch\u003d-1.3339509926944686\u0026fov\u003d65.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003d_6-bxIX9OhXq8oP13HPkG67hR5k",1,65.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFmdjWnk2WVlBYmxnQUFBUkJOUE5qWHc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d65.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d77.83050665806937\u0026sv_p\u003d-1.3339509926944686\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.286727742813463\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.817920929344496",null,null,[2,"gcZy6YYAblgAAARBNPNjXw"],"SvInfo:5df19907-b670-4d73-84e6-1b86da8c90dc"];window.INIT_data['SvInfo:ac42113b-321b-4efe-a98f-c2d824e598cb'] = ["stella.svi",-1.27396131452519,36.81441358768609,"CAISFkxIM2xLUmoyUzUwQUFBUkRveUhmbWc\u003d",118.44905095439455,-29.51071481663223,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dLH3lKRj2S50AAARDoyHfmg\u0026heading\u003d118.44905095439455\u0026pitch\u003d-29.51071481663223\u0026fov\u003d65.58748385518138\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dBS6OOVhQb6miS9XHSFjkhsV-4zw",1,65.58748385518138,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFkxIM2xLUmoyUzUwQUFBUkRveUhmbWc%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d65.58748385518138\u0026sv_h\u003d118.44905095439455\u0026sv_p\u003d-29.51071481663223\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.27396131452519\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.81441358768609",null,null,[2,"LH3lKRj2S50AAARDoyHfmg"],"SvInfo:ac42113b-321b-4efe-a98f-c2d824e598cb"];window.INIT_data['MicroscopeImage:15953d58-be63-4327-a9a9-ef584e53593c'] = ["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:15953d58-be63-4327-a9a9-ef584e53593c","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T5XbU5L0DzFpEgtLCxem2x8jaPmOdnfWud8JSppATHaQ3h_j4K926KhhJmMhZtRzh2TaF48Q","j3af_hZxCgwxWVypA7YMQr2NoXs",[0.39581063,0.50120586,0,2.2934024,0.88805556],null,null,null,[3865,4586]];window.INIT_data['MicroscopeImage:91829e30-3f6b-4c7c-b5db-d9aff692fe31'] = ["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:91829e30-3f6b-4c7c-b5db-d9aff692fe31","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SgyEiJPnci64wBh9_MFKAu96OfOEVAhNjbgIR08AeUig3BWEFriIBBI2rpm4V6fLFz7n_v93w","vAgwi0em5d6HRNGZ7GV_BR1Skuo",[0.49481797,0.39478064,0,0.8231468,0.3289218],null,null,null,[2900,4101]];window.INIT_data['SvInfo:6278b673-a291-4ebe-a7dc-fa5df9531490'] = ["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcFBXZGR0WWNhbXk0dDhoMko2Q252d0s0VHRqd3RzVGlWN0FlQVVE",85.12707956906499,6.2897573018245225,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipPWddtYcamy4t8h2J6CnvwK4TtjwtsTiV7AeAUD\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-6.2897573-ya-173.87292-fo100.93669",null,100.93669319046882,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcFBXZGR0WWNhbXk0dDhoMko2Q252d0s0VHRqd3RzVGlWN0FlQVVE\u0026sv_f\u003d100.93669319046882\u0026sv_h\u003d85.12707956906499\u0026sv_p\u003d6.2897573018245225",null,259,[10,"AF1QipPWddtYcamy4t8h2J6CnvwK4TtjwtsTiV7AeAUD"],"SvInfo:6278b673-a291-4ebe-a7dc-fa5df9531490"];window.INIT_data['EditorialSection:1e9574c4-fef4-4baf-8879-39c243a1c0fc'] = ["stella.edit.sect",["Step back in time","Visit the places where communities made history",null,null,null,1],47,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","Visit Kenya's Archaeological Sites","Discover the origin of man","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RHm6DTbHsOHaS3w-aVU0yEtdqb7OpgGg5fHBAW3lfvaCBEqItqQAzvdJDg-V8gu-Pqn3iKmA","/story/nQVBf9Oq7jWqIA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null,"Virtual tour"],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"nQVBf9Oq7jWqIA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,10,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RYXzui3armr19s60t7g1w4TcZAEXuEbjS-5M93YmlxGwISTKFfOK57Ulx9vRGPf_s3WOpQFSA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA hotbed of archaeological discoveries\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKenya is recognized by paleontologists globally as a hotbed of archaeological discoveries contributing to the story of human evolution. In fact, Kenya has produced fossil evidence which tells almost the entire human evolutionary story. The National Museums of Kenya holds more than 350,000 fossils in its collection, about 700 of which belong to ancient humans. This exhibit is an appreciation of some of the major human fossil discoveries made in Kenya.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SIhrB1q3KajiM9O8r7mm2aaT2YXFKcKmE1HKJIaz-kdfMMS8Xx_FyXbkKJaGxM_eGPkNIq",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 facts you need to know about the cradle of humankind\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFact 1:\u003c/b\u003e Kenya has a larger diversity of fossil human species remains than any other country in Africa.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFact 2:\u003c/b\u003e Africa\u0026#39;s oldest human remains were found in the Tugen Hills in Kenya, and go back 7 million years.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFact 3:\u003c/b\u003e Kenya has some of the world\u0026#39;s most complete skeletons including the Turkana Boy (1.6 million years old) which has provided great knowledge of early human physiology. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFact 4:\u003c/b\u003e Kenya is endowed with many prehistoric sites scattered all along the Rift Valley (north to south) and Western Kenya.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eFact 5:\u003c/b\u003e Kenya has about 20 Miocene sites while Ethiopia has two. The Miocene is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period, 23 million to 2.6 million years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q82iwZAbHLqf8P3Iq81Remx6mrL0Scf_-C3aSTvhTgTD4by5_AaHvTtX5s2IVSOAjWLL0p_g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWho is Louis Leakey?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLouis Leakey is one of Kenya\u0026#39;s most important archaeologists and anthropologists. His fossil discoveries proved that human evolution was centered in Africa and not Asia as previously thought. He worked as a curator at the Coryndon Memorial Museum (present day National Museums of Kenya HQ) in Nairobi from 1945 to 1961. He also established the Institute of Primate Research (IPR) in 1960 with monkeys as models to understand the human evolution. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eNotable discoveries by Louis Leakey\u0026#39;s expeditions:\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e– \u003ci\u003eProconsul africanus\u003c/i\u003e at Rusinga, Kenya.\u003cbr\u003e– Acheulean site of Kariandusi.\u003cbr\u003e– \u003ci\u003eZinjanthropus boisei\u003c/i\u003e at Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania.\u003cbr\u003e– \u003ci\u003eHomo habilis\u003c/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eHomo erectus\u003c/i\u003e at Olduvai.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_StTTF3ReNNaQ-xKql1v1UdkNAgc7g_PGSHyYn1PTVCilv8tJb56YJpbxQRf9luiUp7idxK8Jg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eApe or man?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMembers of the genus \u003ci\u003eProconsul\u003c/i\u003e bore characteristics of both ape and man. They moved on all fours, had prominent canines and lacked a tail, yet the forehead\u0026#39;s shape and limb flexibility was similar to man\u0026#39;s. This informed Louis Leakey\u0026#39;s conclusion that \u003ci\u003eProconsul\u003c/i\u003e was neither ape nor man.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SRgLE_D-c7qDHpHdyB-ROFb0sR59tZ1cHG6U9bihRlftC-4WAQ4yQN7xjeymW3ENMLpYz20g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA discourse in classification\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBetween 1948 and 1993, Leakey\u0026#39;s find maintained the specific name \u003ci\u003eafricanus\u003c/i\u003e until subsequent archaeological studies prompted a re-evaluation of the \u003ci\u003eProconsul\u003c/i\u003e nomenclature. Various scientists uncovered new \u003ci\u003eProconsul\u003c/i\u003e species, and highly specific details of each could be compared against existing evidence. This led to Mary Leakey\u0026#39;s find being reclassified as \u003ci\u003eProconsul heseloni\u003c/i\u003e. Other \u003ci\u003eProconsul\u003c/i\u003e species discovered in Rusinga are \u003ci\u003e Proconsul nyanzae\u003c/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eProconsul major\u003c/i\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QeiAqJdEbE3huXU-Kk9G35-XmPo6yTOYTrQPYj5ThVxzXmWp5U7NkCOUzn7Zl8ko6MyZ9DbA","The 'Original Man'",[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cp\u003e In 2000, a team from the French National Museum of Natural History led by Brigitte Senut and Martin Pickford discovered a possible hominid fossil, estimated to be about 6 million years old, in Tugen Hills, Kenya. It was named Orrorin tugenensis. Orrorin means \u0026#39;Original Man\u0026#39; in Tugen, in reference to the possibility that this species, if proven to be a \u003cbr\u003edirect human ancestor, could render the australopithecines side branches \u003cbr\u003eof the hominid family tree.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QeiAqJdEbE3huXU-Kk9G35-XmPo6yTOYTrQPYj5ThVxzXmWp5U7NkCOUzn7Zl8ko6MyZ9DbA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBone fragments of Orrorin Tugenensis\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAbout 20 fossils of \u003ci\u003eOrrorin tugenensis\u003c/i\u003e have been found so far. Between the Orrorin hominid and that of the Black skull, two other fossils were discovered to have lived during this period of time: \u003ci\u003eAustralothepicus anamensis\u003c/i\u003e, 4.2 million years, and \u003ci\u003eKenyanthropus platyops\u003c/i\u003e, 3.5 million years.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R95BneX03FSv_5KqerkPAyz2pH541ofQ8nNzW3ewmZQMUgSHW_rPv2-qoxAHc75W_oLwKopQ","The Turkana boy: 1.6 million years old",[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cp\u003e Between the black skull hominid and that of Homo erectus, two other hominids existed. These were Paranthropus boisei (2 million years old) and Homo habilis (1.9 million years old). In August 1984, Kamoya Kimeu found a small piece of hominid skull, identified as Homo erectus, on a dry river bank in Nariokotome, on the western side of Lake Turkana. It was nicknamed Turkana Boy (Nariokotome Boy). As a skilled fossil hunter he was able to spot it because it was slightly lighter coloured than the black lava pebble surrounding it. He found other fragments nearby and eventually the whole bank was excavated to find almost the entire skeleton. Despite intensive searching, the bones of the feet and hands were never discovered.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R95BneX03FSv_5KqerkPAyz2pH541ofQ8nNzW3ewmZQMUgSHW_rPv2-qoxAHc75W_oLwKopQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eScientific significance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Turkana boy is the most complete skeleton found of an early hominid. This skeleton and \u0026#39;Lucy\u0026#39;, found in Ethiopia, are some of the nearly-complete skeletons of early hominids to have been discovered in Africa, and are justly famous.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R95BneX03FSv_5KqerkPAyz2pH541ofQ8nNzW3ewmZQMUgSHW_rPv2-qoxAHc75W_oLwKopQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat did he look like?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNariokotome boy is thought to have been between 9 and 12 years old when he died, but he was already more than 1.6 meters tall. This was very surprising because earlier hominids were thought to be no taller than chimpanzees, but he was similar in size and shape to modern humans, with long legs adapted to walking and running over long distances. However, his brain size was still considerably smaller than that of modern humans. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow did he get his name?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNariokotome or Turkana boy was named after the site in which it was found, which is situated on the western side of Lake Turkana. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOther significant \u003ci\u003eHomo erectus\u003c/i\u003e fossils were found in Koobi Fora and were dated to about 1.9 million years old.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q7AanTDtZFZzd7yw2y4GQK1MrliflGQqk26EF_eDH4pugcXaLGfzCp8skuegG15aGQaizT9w",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1: Kobi Fora, Lake Turkana\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAt Kobi Fora to the north of Allia Bay, extensive paleontological finds have been made, starting in 1969, with the discovery of \u003ci\u003eParanthropus boisei\u003c/i\u003e. The discovery of \u003ci\u003eHomo habilis\u003c/i\u003e thereafter is evidence of the existence of a relatively intelligent hominid two million years ago, and reflects the change in climate from moist forest grassland, when the now petrified forests were transforming to the present hot desert.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe human and pre-human fossils include the remains of five species: \u003ci\u003eAustrolophithecus anamensis\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eHomo habilis/rudolfensis\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eParanthropus boisei\u003c/i\u003e, \u003ci\u003eHomo erectus\u003c/i\u003e and \u003ci\u003eHomo sapiens\u003c/i\u003e, all found within one locality. These discoveries were important for understanding the evolutionary history of the human species.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2: Kariandusi pre-historic site\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kariandusi archaeological site was among the first of the Lower Paleolithic sites discovered in East Africa. There was enough geological evidence here to show that, in the past, large lakes, sometimes reaching levels hundreds of meters higher than the Present Lake Nakuru and Elementaita, occupied this basin.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDating back between 700,000 to 1 million years old, Kariandusi is possibly the first Acheulian site to have been found in situ in East Africa. Dr. Leakey, a renowned paleontologist, believed that this was a factory site of the Acheulian period. He made this conclusion after numerous collections of specimens were found lying in the Kariandusi riverbed.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis living site of the hand-axe man was discovered in 1928. A rise in the Lake level drove pre-historic men from their lake-side home and buried all the tools and weapons which they left behind in a hurry. The Acheulian stage of the great hand-axe culture, to which this site belongs, is found over a very widespread area from England, France, and Southwest Europe generally, to Cape Town.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFjczTGsyMS12bWV3QUFBUXJEUkNqY0E\u003d",287.35308925400517,-7.337060372543164,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003d73Lk21-vmewAAAQrDRCjcA\u0026heading\u003d-72.64691074599483\u0026pitch\u003d-7.337060372543164\u0026fov\u003d119.75558247045632\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dTBJ5QAeROQqKw5qiU6VRywZKdXU",null,119.75558247045632,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFjczTGsyMS12bWV3QUFBUXJEUkNqY0E%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d119.75558247045632\u0026sv_h\u003d287.35308925400517\u0026sv_p\u003d-7.337060372543164",null,null,[2,"73Lk21-vmewAAAQrDRCjcA"],"SvInfo:f27a15f2-426f-4148-a740-ee6aadd6abd3"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3: Hyrax Hill Museum\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLocated within Nakuru town, Hyrax Hill Museum depicts the lifestyle of seasonal settlement by prehistoric people at least 3,000 years ago.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe hill was named after hyraxes which are found in abundance, living in cracks within rocks found in this area.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs a region of archaeological interest, Hyrax Hill was first noted by the East African Archaeological Expedition of 1926, led by L.S.B. Leakey. In 1937 Mary Leakey undertook some archaeological surveys on the hill. 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The site is in a lake basin that existed about 100,000 to 200,000 years ago.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFlQtMHVMR3RiSU1nQUFBUXJCbnRid1E\u003d",329.3264914766848,-3.497217740857124,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dT-0uLGtbIMgAAAQrBntbwQ\u0026heading\u003d-30.673508523315206\u0026pitch\u003d-3.497217740857124\u0026fov\u003d116.76432140332405\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dsE7PwiDGJ2pTyN3BWNCDVssXJuU",null,116.76432140332405,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFlQtMHVMR3RiSU1nQUFBUXJCbnRid1E%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d116.76432140332405\u0026sv_h\u003d329.3264914766848\u0026sv_p\u003d-3.497217740857124",null,null,[2,"T-0uLGtbIMgAAAQrBntbwQ"],"SvInfo:2340bd25-3655-4601-b7a6-e98531cf5cea"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QeiAqJdEbE3huXU-Kk9G35-XmPo6yTOYTrQPYj5ThVxzXmWp5U7NkCOUzn7Zl8ko6MyZ9DbA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6: Institute of Primate Research\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eLouis Leakey established the Institute of Primate Research (IPR) in 1960, with monkeys as models to understand human evolution, and as a facility for collection and studies of East African primates. Since its inception, IPR has expanded tremendously in both physical and research facilities, and is now focused on the breeding and use of non-human primate study to prevent and/or treat human diseases under the auspices of animal welfare. The Institute has outdoor and indoor housing facilities for breeding colonies of about 270 primates.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","See Kenya's Birthplace","Where it all began","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qy9av5MqLganmuvVNFio-8LqvwjKtw0qG6rMjHCFF-EQ3LU3VQlqUAbndlyZOVSZArrxTmGw","/story/hQUhmWhkPJQByQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null,"Virtual tour"],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"hQUhmWhkPJQByQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,[null,null,"https://www.google.com/maps/dir//Kipande+Rd,+Nairobi,+Kenya%0ANairobi%0AKenya/data\u003d!4m8!4m7!1m0!1m5!1m1!1s0x182f172e2b30a483:0x24eee4c08364a0f3!2m2!1d36.814425!2d-1.2739629?hl\u003den\u0026gl\u003dUS","http://www.museums.or.ke/","Kipande Rd, Nairobi, Kenya\nNairobi\nKenya",-1.2739629,36.81442500000001,"Nairobi, Kenya",null,null,null,["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8",3198,1876,0],"/partner/national-museums-of-kenya"],[[["","Welcome to Uhuru Gardens Memorial Park",[null,"\u003cp\u003eLocated along Langata road, 15 minutes drive from Nairobi city center, is Uhuru Gardens, Kenya’s largest Memorial Park. \u0026#39;Uhuru\u0026#39; is a swahili word meaning freedom.\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",-1.324731469886713,36.79992633289021,"CAISFi1VSjhmV2hkSkFZQUFBUXJEQ0VLVFE\u003d",90.93062428440813,8.616228367399316,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003d-UJ8fWhdJAYAAAQrDCEKTQ\u0026heading\u003d90.93062428440813\u0026pitch\u003d8.616228367399316\u0026fov\u003d126.99999999999999\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003d6fvK4ZUV4YyF6X6bBA2_aTWV_1c",0,126.99999999999999,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFi1VSjhmV2hkSkFZQUFBUXJEQ0VLVFE%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d126.99999999999999\u0026sv_h\u003d90.93062428440813\u0026sv_p\u003d8.616228367399316\u0026sv_lat\u003d-1.324731469886713\u0026sv_lng\u003d36.79992633289021",null,null,[2,"-UJ8fWhdJAYAAAQrDCEKTQ"],"SvInfo:c44145cf-7fce-495e-bcfa-ba8ffe6ad720"]],["","A National Monument",[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe gardens were officially declared a National Monument in 1966 because of their historical importance. 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["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcE1INlp0dUNadlNWOEFfVFljZ0ZqcS1fR3NrS1FHNExtWDIxNVhH",83.94615511608148,8.18099107734814,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipMH6ZtuCZvSV8A_TYcgFjq-_GskKQG4LmX215XG\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-8.180991-ya83.94615-fo120.83381",null,120.8338116312587,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcE1INlp0dUNadlNWOEFfVFljZ0ZqcS1fR3NrS1FHNExtWDIxNVhH\u0026sv_f\u003d120.8338116312587\u0026sv_h\u003d83.94615511608148\u0026sv_p\u003d8.18099107734814",null,0,[10,"AF1QipMH6ZtuCZvSV8A_TYcgFjq-_GskKQG4LmX215XG"],"SvInfo:376caa4d-4fab-452c-9097-d713f89da43d"];window.INIT_data['EditorialSection:4efe4a56-659c-4f65-b041-363d6ba1bccb'] = ["stella.edit.sect",["The language of Kenya","Immerse yourself in the dialect",null,null,null,1],8,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","Learn Swahili","21 inspirational Kanga sayings","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RsqXnxO_yNJZwFOhpnecbNeQxOT4pToex2HuEA9AqK7TrkUjvLPAX8DSn0YfW-rwXG5ShZ","/story/9gVBlAZer2a1Lw",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"9gVBlAZer2a1Lw"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SmwNiBrEFL98Lg8K_g4GbEJQ1LUIInQGL7moBx89HQ1wmDR8G8tbi8Nj5vCiqxIpM6DECvoa2T",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKenyan identity: the kanga and Swahili sayings\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kanga (\u003ci\u003eLeso\u003c/i\u003e) has deep cultural, historical and economic significance throughout the Indian Ocean region and, for more than 100 years, it has remained one of the most popular of all cultural items across East Africa. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWithin Kenya, the Kanga is a common thread that links and unites cultures – the young and older people, men and women, rich and poor, and locals and foreigners – in the colourful, dynamic world of its design.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOriginally, the Kanga was a product of the Swahili coastal communities. The Swahili text inscribed on the Kanga is used to pass on various messages, including those which are social, political, religious, or health or development related. The first sayings were inscribed in Arabic, but with time the writing changed to Swahili. The Swahili women in particular use them to convey personal messages to their friends, husbands, and families.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHere are 21 inspirational sayings...\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RI0GxDyertOiuGxBfaapDfM7RN5qVVUwpfmBcc4PJoJPnabGsp5S2OG1bKg_rUVzVF",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1: Makali ya jicho yashinda wembe\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe sharpness of the eye is greater than the razor.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tf7LiKUMzwuY38i2UXlaiDPKjgmXUlBOCSbfURK0EXiG3GNOY5B9-GLIo3ky4p8iEwv7p5rlGk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2: Mwenye radhi hasumbuki\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eHe who is blessed is not disturbed.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SNQGbbXtWTFvvPTZgsb2WNXfi7Y2hp-ywR3Nylfj5xRg4m5MYTy-mcJzIsoYZYCw2LuFOOLOc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3: Duniani kuna pepo, wawili wapendanapo\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eIn the world, there are spirits, when two are in love.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SpAtsBcpHH1oaHaggoMrvEEbt_fZy9mcYFQqpKBAOdTGVqH9nbxJ5m2-k0ey_k61Lp4bYFNKY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4: Subira ina Malipo\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003ePatience pays.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q6DpgJA9IMPo8y0hQo7mC8l5RTtxFZIhmzZ8aFLDBVpl1sY9L3qDLGEjJbd30Ib0T4AQmER5s",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5: Umekuja Na Lako Usichunguze La Mwenzako\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eYou have your share, do not criticize your neighbour.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SMFVEcpwpe-lp34yhgUnjEdKrTfs-aXCjifIaQdH67DF9oio1hjSS0WZckaUoi5WPPh8WLpzw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6: Bahati Ikikukataa Hata Kwa Mganga Haitaifaa\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eIf luck isn\u0026#39;t on your side, even if you went to a witch doctor it won\u0026#39;t work.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rd-CY8Cx5kU-XqrDFW8WOZfd_3YZOKZu9181YDE3Dz54Al8HXD3EdeRhLe3MD9w9cqWJht",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7: Lisilo budi hutendwa\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eWhatever should be done has to be done.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_ReyXYYqVnSbcie8HAX8exaTQUANw2dvDsnKLCw_ZfjDlkKQ6MoHRXtV_tLTe23DOmqQPkk2hM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8: Heri pancha ya pajaro kuliko rafiki mwenye kero\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eIt is better to have a flat tyre on your pajero than have a troublesome friend.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q5uB6PO8X_mHJMX611myRMPXgEt3CjJxbbOWeCcfa6hkqb4PZeWQ-aP5S0XPcL_vh6MqBZIpg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9: Nimechoka kutangatanga,hapa taitia nanga\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eI am tired of rowing, I will put my anchor here.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QYP-s3p2Q3TX3Ysp-RKqyyVaRjk_D2n-rBSYh1JPkVUH5k-6b5LRDgJTi0G3NCPin0ioPpwnU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10: Bahati haiji mara mbili\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eLuck comes only once.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RytjhCg3Du06ukOvKqZaVoPUjAX_7ZW13EqDDXCNSUpGM4TiXvh1x7Fn0zbe40-ueiaH_o-RQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11: Kinolewacho hupata\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eWhatever is sharpened cuts.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_STEMjAdLyVIALp5_eOvWtmwb11Ta7EArtEkrWu_hGvVuATlhTdOeIGvTKoRuLm9bZk9upN16A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12: Pendo ni kitu cha hiari\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eLove is out of choice.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S2_rJEfDu5aAdrMHmFazIxNlQEgLvQrgLgrMSTwBv8lxzDTRuEKTfI3WKCMAceIscWqAepbcE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13: Ya kale hayapo, zingatia uliyonayo\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe past isn\u0026#39;t there, reflect on what you have.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QQ0QU6zsYzrGJX67VN_C7bgc9ZGWdJMu6a0FBZkFVygRvRpnSB8UGqBL7hHnPQtNu-WVIhov8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14: Wachemshe haohao kwangu utapoa\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eLet those who are with me be healed\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SjgIOYqu7HTAWrpnNFzVgNMemIbay9hfuNtQONRmuLiOYuZyIKKXw8iJh-OxIU0IGoCTZVcg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15: Umpendaye mfuate na akufaaye na akufaaye usimwache\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eFollow whom you love and do not forsake he who suits you.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q6VGjfqUx7QBTtIi66N03yNJLphtu6skMqYgTV3nh734Gmjp1g4KZEtPa2teZmS5dZXD9x2XVr",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e16: Wambea hawana shule,huteta popote pale\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eGossipers have no school they speak wherever.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SjgIOYqu7HTAWrpnNFzVgNMemIbay9hfuNtQONRmuLiOYuZyIKKXw8iJh-OxIU0IGoCTZVcg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e17: Umpendaye mfuate na akufaaye na akufaaye usimwache\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eFollow whom you love and do not forsake he who suits you.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RNWr3_4WpV-UM02c1odhUouIZVbsmR84yGlrd78qgN0lPlgcSq8pCUJ-3UQbJwV9NEIv5r",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e18: Thamani ya taa ni giza kiingiapo\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eThe value of light is noticed when night falls.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SpzZX8JuuixGxexij6ENRP4egoEp4rZfAuAuIZ2JOdDrIi29MP7xyv8AHoKPaDU9yjxafpFDfq",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e19: Heri matamshi mazuri kuliko zawadi\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eA good verdict is better than a present.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RytKhUy8fdkfdKlnDa1Nh9F6C4VvRm7cxizSE-fOjONIHlP8S_Su7Hpq9Bi1p1RTK2LXiympA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e20: Huba inaondoa unyonge\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eLove removes misery.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S8jPmiQZvWDNNyt_Oy95JemrSDiQsX0o5GMoE03tYCC_P0cfNC07TBZK35t_kdLj8SelZlUQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e21: Mungu akupe kheri daima\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003ci\u003eGod Bless you always.\u003c/i\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Discover the Language Groups","The Nilotic, Bantu, and Cushitic languages","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RkrQYPda6nhTwe-SH2X6DqmLOlzibRf82GYnnlTrmi-TlKgCXlQ-pxL0jgXVRon48Lj_QbvA","/story/1gVBwOhG6x7aIQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"1gVBwOhG6x7aIQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SvkE8cAyKAL36UxEhHz7urn7Pi6FWbcWF-zPDYDMWH7uSs9HCEw4zSaj-dmPz5bhfCOt2UZhw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe 3 language families\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe history of the diverse people of Kenya goes beyond the memories of the living. It begins when the communities concerned emerged as, and perceived themselves to be, distinct ethnic groups. Each of these groups belong to one of three different language families.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QmtoftJc6Ak2RB-PrZQ5KmplJEUpZI9MQ-xz8GfkUZ8RLMFF951rng8CikOzX0wO_ymVOW2Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBeyond language and culture\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEthnic groups that belong to the same linguistic family share much in terms of culture, but increased interaction with neighbors from a different language family can also produce much mutual borrowing of various cultural aspects of their lives.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TartHp7nQNCIGtrMG_EwYGfVemNcIleal3NCvaVo_lZlCUqstW_Cj0huHxf7a52KXoTFAZUw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCushitic, Nilotic and Bantu\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKenyan languages have been classified into three groups: Cushitic, Nilotic and Bantu. The Cushitic is part of the Afro-Asiatic family, the Nilotic is part of the Nilo-Saharan family, and the Bantu of the Nigerkordofan family.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCushites were the first of the three groups to enter Kenyan territory, followed by the Nilotes, and then the Bantu-speaking people.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S5dxrp6GL0TuHgLUd97szItxZV9J_IFvPzzue-97NQoMIeQKNOPwLfsMrUxU7y7_6lM27Fc4E"],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QSxW8ZDCwVbi9U5nTHs9jCuWdPYkcMx2SMsUKQ4yfZ1qTp3ce58lBgM46MsrzVfigjW_gskYc",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1: The origin of the Cushitic Afro-Asiatic languages\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe term Afro-Asiatic was introduced by Joseph Greenberg in the 1950s to replace the connotation of a linguistic opposition between Semitic and the remaining languages of the phylum, as suggested by Semito-Hamitic and similar terms. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Afro-Asiatic languages are genetically related and form a linguistic phylum that consists of five or six branches, each having the status of a linguistic family: Ancient Egyptian Berber, Semitic, Chadic, Cushitic and Omotic.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sk-F14BA4ws4wtROiVD_Iqi1lkSpZI6drd4RQNiTIw3ZjQwMzBwJU-7kjDtebNDBThjIFeAQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExpansion\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Cushitic languages – named after Cush, a grandson of Noah (Genesis 10:6-8) – are spoken in Ethiopia, Somalia, the Sudan, Kenya and Tanzania. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the 1970s, a group of languages spoken in southwestern Ethiopia, and previously classified as West Cushitic, was separated by some scholars to form a new Omotic branch (named after the Omo River). The Cushitic languages are also spoken in areas where Nilotic and Bantu-speaking people live. The speakers are divided into the Eastern and Southern Group.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T7XLOYtLUINtnfY9IfcXphOWf8W0kBWDE2RpEtFiKuAGd7oxS2zxiHfZqf29MuXCT47K5Aig",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Southern Cushites \u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Southern Cushitic language was the first of all the present day Kenyan languages to be spoken in this country. Long ago people speaking a south Cushitic language departed from the Ethiopian Highlands and occupied large parts of Kenya, including the highlands.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe southern speakers Yaaku and Dahalo (also known as Sanye or Waata) were progressively displaced and absorbed by incoming Nilotic and Bantu groups until they wound up in Tanzania. As a consequence of these movements, Southern Cushites have become distinct in Kenya.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qe1lpraAnen3c94MqnUGm_9mduJbB_MlR0EvK4UsHM81fGkXZyeVc5-7tmydHvBzdLcIt9-f0",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Eastern Cushites\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe second group of immigrants, according to the linguistic evidence, were the Eastern Cushites. They speak Afro-Asiatic languages, and originally came from Ethiopia and Somalia in North-East Africa. Cushitic people traditionally live in the arid and semi-arid Eastern and North-Eastern parts of Kenya. They reside along a very large area of land that runs from the east of Lake Turkana, stretches to the north of Kenya, and through to the Indian Ocean. The Cushitic speakers include those from the Somali, Rendille, Borana, Gabbra and Orma communities.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SZxuvzHgXZ2-aTqqzVopRNFGWfH2XPB5XvVrBEkcty2lOo_JjtWNcossVi9swW0lNEqxVhzOs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2: The origin and expansion of the Bantu languages\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Bantu languages are part of a subgroup of the Niger-Congo (Niger-Kordofanian) family, which represents two-thirds of Africa’s approximately nineteen hundred languages. Well-known examples of the Bantu languages are Swahili, spoken in eastern Africa, Lingala in Congo Kinshasa, and Zulu in southern Africa. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAll of the Bantu languages are tonal, except Swahili. The Swahili (Kiswahili) language is one of the national languages of Kenya. The Bantu speakers are commonly divided into three groups: Western/Lacustine, Central/Eastern and Coastal Bantu.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QvLWCBUItew8pyNwCw5P9GCv29ZAiDmzSrCsNWKlPu4sycO8eDsjKa1w_14s5Ie4racTBoHIs",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCoastal Bantu\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe coastal Bantu include the Mijikenda (Agiriama, Digo, Chonyi/Kauma, Duruma, Jibaba, Kambe, Rabai, Ribe), Taveta, Bajun, Malakote, Pokomo, Taita, and Swahili communities. They live mainly in the coastal regions of the country. They occupy Mombasa, Kwale, Kilifi, Lamu, Tana River and Taita Taveta counties. The Bantu languages spoken by these Bantu speakers are Kidigo, Swahili, Duruma, Kitaveta, Kidawida and Kisaghala among others, each with different dialects.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S5QX_AXjvNJZPvRFAEV6-b5At0Gn1Cg_zBN8rP4KOR7IJmEMRLDqGK_lNWlqTxXyXnPiZhzAY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCentral Bantus\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe central Bantu speaking communities include the Kamba, Kikuyu, Rmbu, Tharaka, Mbeere and Meru. They are traditionally found in Central and Eastern regions of Kenya, occupying Kitui, Makueni, Machakos, Nyeri, Kirinyaga, Kiambu, Meru and Tharaka Nithi counties. The languages they speak include Kikamba, Gikuyu, Kiembu, Chuka, Kimbeere Kimwimbi and Meru among others. Meru and Tharaka belong to the Meru-Tharaka sub-branch, together with Igoji and Nithi, with dialects such as Igembe, Tigania, Imenti, Miutini Mwimbi and Muthambi. Chuka falls under the Chuka-Gikuyu sub-branch. These communities have a close relationship in how they conduct their cultural practices, such as circumcision.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QJ_R83GqhlIKe1YOShPcAbu17zd3vPDrMf_03VYNEtE2mEYrQy5uXrg0pWebELLk3Idpb-xn19",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Western Bantus\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese include the Luyia, Suba, Kuria and Kisii. They are traditionally found in Western region in Kenya, and their languages include Suba, Kuria, Ekugusii and the Luyia among others. The Ekugusii language is closely related to the Luyia and Kuria languages. Some words have been borrowed from Dholuo, a Nilotic language, and some of these communities have more dialects spoken. The western Bantus are traditionally known for large scale farming of food crops, especially maize and bananas.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TuCH98PqcA5ElTlOaIxmY2YXl7pziqgxluYFt5IvLudVxP-mHOJ0-pzg_JqjlcfV2-E__UPw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3: The origin and expansion of the Nilo-Saharan languages\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Nilotic language family is a member of the larger Nilo-Saharan phylum found in Africa. A Nilotic language is a group of East African languages which, according to the classification of the American scholar J. Greenberg, belong to the Chari-Nile branch of the Nilo-Saharan family of languages. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Nilotic languages are divided into two groups: the northwestern and southeastern Nilotic languages In Africa. All Nilotic languages are tonal and have complex vowel systems with long and short vowels. The Nilotic-speaking people in Kenya include the River and Lake Nilotes, the Plain Nilotes and the Highland Nilotes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SobwRlsx9fUDLUoetXZTS8utZsmPoZ0HwHM4moQou49jTP7_l7DZ5kv-PqnKRCx-aqczIoig",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRiverlake Nilote\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKenya has only one River Lake Nilotic people, the Luo. They are one of the largest ethnic groups in Kenya, and speak Dholuo. They are traditionally found along the Lake Victoria region and counties, namely: Kisumu, Migori, Siaya and Homa Bay. The Luo are traditionally known for their love of fish, and their fishing practices in Lake Victoria.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QtdBY-ninGUdCNaTE_GP42rvDFaNdfJRD2oSJ7j_nUahSLCVQjsR4Bs7-J_xCN8VibiALUeQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Highland Nilotes\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThese communities are called Highland Nilotes because they inhabit the highland regions of the Rift Valley region. They include the Iteso, Njemps (il chamus), Ogiek and Kalenjin communities. The Kalenjin languages include: Nandi, Terik, Kipsigis, Keiyo, Elgeyo and Tugen. The Il Chamus (Njemps) speak the Maa language, the Teso speak Ateso, while the Ogiek speak Okiek. They traditionally practiced pastoralism and farming in their regions of settlement.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TrZc9efNEph3Io8oqrBIMXDC-Ca4bJRZLfvmh60btjFNHOA5kaODVJ-Ts89LxM87La-5G03-WL",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Plain Nilotes\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Plain Nilotes include the Maasai, Teso, Samburu and Turkana. They have traditionally practiced nomadic pastoralism. They occupy the vast sweep of western Kenya’s Rift Valley, which skirts the border of Uganda from Sudan in the north, to Tanzania in the south. They are traditionally found in Turkana, Laikipia, Samburu, Kajiado and Narok counties. The Maasai and the Samburu speak Maa language, while the Turkana speak Turkana/Turkwana.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]]]],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,21,"CardsLarge","EditorialSection:4efe4a56-659c-4f65-b041-363d6ba1bccb"];window.INIT_data['SvInfo:7a5ef628-7f26-49b6-a308-545f36168c1b'] = 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Kenya",null,null,null,1],50,null,null,null,[[["stella.common.cobject","Gourds","The most extraordinary everyday object","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SEpiONOCnk9zRSPNzThxaaDjrTkA2IBPg9EJ-X_6BkHATsVEWPbcX9BHFs1JWkswXNVzqIDg","/story/WQUxlIBSEE0YJg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"WQUxlIBSEE0YJg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QFfAUVH4NMrdW5zltN9prKY-bq3AD11MUqEs08rFHo83BEHgymuZ85OjGI1cXw_OPtO7od9ME",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1: Gourd centrepiece at Nairobi National Museum\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis spectacular centerpiece at Nairobi National Museum consists of hundreds of gourds collected from different communities all over Kenya. Made from fruits of plants, the gourds vary in size, shape and color. The gourds are used for storage, measuring and fermentation. The sculpture symbolizes the unity of Kenya and can be seen in the Hall of Kenya. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCan you guess how many gourds and calabashes make up the sculpture?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QfiNsgQQfvXzFrQQwRNTTiyD4BAr1FtrBeDT73G1aG3tqgfuiMke4ZPutjQSsgxWU_Vwgq",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2: What is a gourd?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGourds can be found in many parts of Kenya. A gourd is a fleshy large fruit, with a hard skin, belonging to the cucurbitaceae plant species. It is cut when ripe or ready to be plucked off, then dried in the sun. The seeds are removed and the gourd cleaned before use.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S8rF_WnLmmKamzGZeZtnnNx_p0COmsX_Fh8-fi9Y2OMvRk3O16HGytPTfYcgLh_QDIRuXAVg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3: The gourd life - all shapes and sizes\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eGourds grow in three different shapes. One is long and narrow, popular with the Maasai and Pokot, who used it to keep milk. Another is the double bellied gourd, which the Marakwet used to carry beer and the Bajun used to carry water while on a journey. The third one has a large belly and a narrow neck, used by most communities to store water and porridge. Other communities used the gourd to keep milk, make beer, make butter, and feed children.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RQaroA0tiVPVSeQj8Hh1CXZ3kN0mXISy3nTKP46qzrz5KD-CeQYk8BIPxv8vpim_Xpsfc5RJ0",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4: As gourd as it gets - beautiful and functional\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHandles and covers are weaved, fixed or tied around the gourd\u0026#39;s mouth and side. Plant materials, leather, maize cobs, wood and other part of other gourds are used to create the covers and handles.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RB5UoKywVWPW5B1MtYOjm6yUEpqMVzconoqfLKqjBNnKvdTPErGq5Z6ffc2M33TYv0CEKWNrw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5: Oh my gourd - the magic of splitting into two\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen the gourd is split into two, the halves are called calabash. The calabash can be used as a scoop or as a drinking cup.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Elongo","The power of the Maasai shield","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qxwcljt3ZEjPm97bamoLR6gXij9SQY35n6vr1voLc2bE6rfBHycCw9bY8TU5P1OHbT-gSKOcE","/story/CgURgEywZgThIQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"CgURgEywZgThIQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QKJq23pKvOkg5nPqIVLuUG01WGkBDARxrPmP9M-Pt5oNj82ax2sopjw2umRk8dLxdt9gBAZA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5 things you need to know about the Maasai shield\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Maasai were known for their bravery and being superior warriors. Maasai shields, the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eelongo\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39;, represent one of the many genres of African artifacts with both utilitarian craft and fine art characteristics. This shield holds many stories, including that of one of Kenya\u0026#39;s most courageous communities. Here are five things you need to know about the Maasai shield.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QKJq23pKvOkg5nPqIVLuUG01WGkBDARxrPmP9M-Pt5oNj82ax2sopjw2umRk8dLxdt9gBAZA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1: The Maasai warrior\u0026#39;s most important tool\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOn the utilitarian front, shields were a Maasai warrior\u0026#39;s most important tool in hunting and warfare. They not only offered physical protection but protection of a symbolic nature.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QKJq23pKvOkg5nPqIVLuUG01WGkBDARxrPmP9M-Pt5oNj82ax2sopjw2umRk8dLxdt9gBAZA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2: Blessed with \u0026#39;entasim\u0026#39; charms\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe \u003ci\u003eOloibon\u003c/i\u003e (spiritual leader) would bless the warriors\u0026#39; shields with charms known as \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eentasim\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39;. It was said to increase their protective power, and ensure that the warriors were safe and successful in cattle raids.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QKJq23pKvOkg5nPqIVLuUG01WGkBDARxrPmP9M-Pt5oNj82ax2sopjw2umRk8dLxdt9gBAZA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3: A symbols of identification\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOutside of the warring context, shields were prestige objects and symbols of identification. Different designs were used to differentiate the various Maasai sub-communities, age sets, and sometimes a complex lineage identification system.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QKJq23pKvOkg5nPqIVLuUG01WGkBDARxrPmP9M-Pt5oNj82ax2sopjw2umRk8dLxdt9gBAZA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4: Extraordinary design made by the warrior himself\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eEvery warrior made his own shield using only male buffalo skin, which they acquired by hunting. The Maasai shield was designed as a convex, and made of buffalo hide sewn onto a wooden frame. The handle was attached at the centre back of the shield and wrapped with leather strips. The surface of the shield was decorated with large, nearly symmetrical crescents in red, white and black.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QKJq23pKvOkg5nPqIVLuUG01WGkBDARxrPmP9M-Pt5oNj82ax2sopjw2umRk8dLxdt9gBAZA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5: Famous warriors and their shields\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTwo of the most famous Maasai warriors were the brothers Senteu and Lenana. We turn to these legendary warriors to inspire our own stories; to inspire confidence and bravery.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Amazing Aprons","The essential wardrobe staple","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rj7JHjkJfX3R9wciv9J5FJIXN6LnfsuqIJX0-RZZBMeMLRbdFB3si9feIxbHYBQ5SgvcTS8w","/story/cQVBcbODs6CnLg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," ",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:5d957681-96c2-4acc-aa28-aca0cb88d7d9","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rj7JHjkJfX3R9wciv9J5FJIXN6LnfsuqIJX0-RZZBMeMLRbdFB3si9feIxbHYBQ5SgvcTS8w","Mmf0Wo7Zq2oW-jWxxh8KUwfC1UA",[0.4967026,0.6694662,0,1.2040104,0.65279937],null,null,null,[2000,2000]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"cQVBcbODs6CnLg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SLLoV6YD9b5AxWjKxtY1rQ-PbPOCLCah9Lh2699PkSCbhA7asnnhp86HuTyvl9dj5iZegR9P3u",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat is an apron?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBefore the coming of modern, western attire, Kenyan communities covered their bodies with different types of skirts and aprons. Usually covering the front of the body and tied around the waist, the aprons were used for practical, ceremonial and decorative purposes. They were primarily used to cover the wearer’s private parts.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S8Qy2l6ngF2v1tfCxVJ7CyPDm32fSOmWdkDwi7frDGBVAN7lciIPxPTLsP-Qvi0F2I-3X95TM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWho wore them?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe aprons were usually worn by mature, initiated persons. Young children walked naked because a child’s bare body was not viewed as nudity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TQAr76Ja-agO-m0_Z4WeX7ZOfOc4GWvom2U0wc40Vt-dVvOg10EClQuYVlQUL0vqY7dO7-dQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMuthambi apron\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn illustration of a Muthambi boy wearing a leather apron.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8cdEyzftTYqJMb52UidMhjBXrKLt1WvNeSAjieKAljIL3SfHqWL0D_-u1cBHGIxzxOX3D1Xw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChuka apron\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn illustration of an elderly Chuka woman past childbearing age. The beads on her apron are a symbol of her age and social status.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QJ_R83GqhlIKe1YOShPcAbu17zd3vPDrMf_03VYNEtE2mEYrQy5uXrg0pWebELLk3Idpb-xn19",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKuria apron\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn illustration of a Kuria man in elaborate attire and equipped with war weapons. His apron also covers his upper body and is decorated with beads.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R0PYQre3e--n6C4wNrH1EV4_pVyaBGzV0H8w08xgU96QHM_mN5o8LDoFhT-n9wjSPanMFQVw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaasai apron\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAn illustration of a Maasai warrior or moran, wearing ceremonial regalia and holding traditional weaponry.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_StZWQ9n0khgSmM7gdrSLudYdCxxuXqs7gDo2aA4a8BdsbmdIHBeiPcJxwcCSNVv0yimSnOHosG",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow were they made?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe aprons were made of materials such as leather, animal skins, tree barks, leaves and beads. Leather skirts were made from several pieces of leather stitched together to make a whole costume. In many cases the leather was obtained from animals that were slaughtered for special rituals. The skin was then treated and colour was applied to make its appearance pleasant.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_St3YGXi76XZ4Ij6ebEnUXRJjNcoA0ii54Xqmflfib0PtFTSkx9pGENTm9uu1sWyIBBZ5f8u8_x",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat did they symbolize?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe aprons could be an indicator of the person’s identity, community, marital status, number of children, and even their place of belonging. The colour of the apron or skirt was also an important indicator of the person’s ritual or social status. Some communities preferred to leave the fur on the skins they wore for body cover, because the colour – white or black – signified and conferred some ritually important status on the wearer.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RY9WWR6JhHZbC8K9g6rrP8wJtnTsZU07Lr8VBAhk_QrBhKZXcSJq7nFYs-_azYAaBaI5frnVg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHow were aprons used by the Turkana community?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Turkana community were known for their beautifully decorated skirts and aprons. In this community, once a newly-wed woman entered her marital home, she discarded all her old aprons and would wear a new \u003ci\u003eabwo\u003c/i\u003e skirt made from the skins of her in-laws\u0026#39; cattle. It symbolised her transition from a young girl to a married woman who belonged to her husband’s household. She would also wear an \u003ci\u003eadwel\u003c/i\u003e apron, which was decorated with metal beads to denote her status as a mother.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Beads","Beadwork tells the stories of Kenya's communities","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rz2kZ4PB624ijScjwqqllLnPVZwlAJHVMw7KMInCk1GKvtp3bjkQB0c98XtMPiGk17Z011ttI","/story/egURtvMM03lfLw",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"egURtvMM03lfLw"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RCZ5iQ8BBk34L5IVBeTUuROSCqihUr6nz1jk001Rql7C0dngNB7XeAZKhLLI711ipgKrj72y_p",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1: Beadwork tell the stories of Kenya’s communities\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMost Kenyan communites are renowned for their bead ornaments. Nearly every community in Kenya wore some kind of beadwork, although the patterns, colours and the types of the beads depended on specific socio-cultural contexts.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SCYd50reA4r0b0Hf2J5beyL89wxuV0QyN6aeo4ISPheDgmqgDDsfpPrYPH004-HTXxrPxy2Gw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2: Some of the most common beads in Kenya are made of glass\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThey were imported from Europe in the 19th century. Long distance traders, like the Kamba, acquired the beads from the coastal regions of East Africa and traded them with communities in the interior of the country.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RjXFcTFFxpDCfhnNnKkTVnKTgq2vYQG0KH-gs9zBwzJo3VmTfsdOh9GiVtojdqGI6GFRKyemM",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eBefore the coming of glass beads, people used local materials such as ostrich egg-shells, sea shells, cowry shells, seeds, wooden or stone materials, bones and ivory, animal hooves, leather and skins, baked clay and precious metals, such as gold and silver.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Ts9Hv7sdD9svv4UxnyoAUbIAFTIJ9e474nDGfGLRhX47wTHKg0pIRDFIEQ21AZLPGobUS8AA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3: They are made by all communities across Kenya\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBeadwork was predominantly a female activity in Kenya and most parts of eastern Africa.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SuZaKXYcfOAILEdsxaLIz3Ku9UNdlwYi3cl_imrHp0SiGapt5lRfEcciT4P_e5XWwYw8PHrCw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4: Bead ornaments had various functions, with the most common being the aesthetic or ‘beauty’ value\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCommunities all over Kenya made their bead patterns based on their specific cultural notions of what they perceived as beautiful or ugly, acceptable or unacceptable, good or bad.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SUIG458oB3l3jIRle1pckpcos193hy83G5PSOAF1IrasFfsKC91jYdItK3n4achCxKLyk5FQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe Maa were guided by the principle of \u003ci\u003ekemakua\u003c/i\u003e (acceptable) and \u003ci\u003ekenare\u003c/i\u003e (unacceptable) when deciding how beads should be arranged to make a given, culturally defined pattern.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T4m0TxNYUiYGhL1Qbqbmpf_6l5heGN4ANsD2bcpWnQBFFltfkttDD6NL87qE4rTmxMIiTNgg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5: Different communities wear beads in their own way\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNot all beadwork was worn around the neck; others were worn as bracelets, on the head as adornments, on the waist or legs. Beadwork, in other cases, also incorporated charms for personal protection. Beads were also used to decorate various clothing and utilitarian items.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S4Vf461faoGRz7xMcM3_fEbkdP5WEsmVZXjvlTvhDAX2X9cp4U-HImuaWCQxxlzNe46AbByQE",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6: Modern Kenyan ornaments are bought by tourists\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn modern times, bead ornaments are part of the vibrant tourist trade.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SY1if9EGGeV2o545j40ujR58S6z4WSjZATNiPV4lVPA-ArEhD1M2cUvy5eruLscjFdMSZDtg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe modern beadwork is devoid of the cultural meanings that they had in their original cultural contexts. These beaded items are now commodities that are sold mostly for their aesthetics.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","African Masks","Connecting with the afterlife","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QNhx6gzolJCquVQC6cl5DhHLQrN5UJ4zxWnOCS-xpXEMDHy1hiLAPCINL4b2ZcGisUtmAscQ","/story/yQURUlZn5SE-IQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"yQURUlZn5SE-IQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qzt6A_FDgfxwr70lS30FfSqknbzTcbpA2uzf9R2onIIA1jkU1AvSo0-jMyDYzMHoJfkj6EfQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe meaning behind the African mask\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMasks are an essential feature of traditional African culture and have served an important role in ritual and ceremony for centuries. They are both idea and form. The artistry of African masks is self evident and, for the people who create them, they have a much deeper meaning than surface beauty. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn general, the mask form is a physical mechanism to initiate transformation, whereby the wearer takes on a new entity, allowing him to have influence on the spirits to whom he is appealing to or offering thanks.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SEp1xn7qMedfTQg5OyzdZao6yrajQ4a8vSFOW7wHCIv1hAXRf1crzSKUiLp_bBkBNtfXAIk9g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe cultural heritage preserved by masks\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhile the specific implications associated with ritual masks widely vary in different cultures, some traits are common to most African cultures. For instance, masks usually have a spiritual and religious meaning, and they are used in ritual dances, social and religious events. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA special status is attributed to the artists that create masks, and to those who wear them in ceremonies. In most cases, mask-making is an art that is passed on from father to son, along with the knowledge of the symbolic meanings conveyed by these masks.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T9W12fRc_h5iz4BGm32S0oazfTnsdaS4OoI3lVFtCCgWqD843NGYmwCNCwDfnFQ3MRmR4-VQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eVariety in forms and colors\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTraditionally masks were made in various forms and shapes, and the craftsmen used readily available materials to make them. Wood, ivory, metals and animal skin are some of the materials used to make them. African masks come in all different colours, such as red, black, orange, and brown.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QpJ945RyH9iGrboo-d7GWkChDvFN7poLAESNYmZLy5xc4rc_Cz9sDrnHJJII2nWE20UZ_gBAA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAnimal forms\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMasks are often made to resemble people, animals and other objects that people identify with. Many African masks represent animals. Some African communities believe that the animal masks can help them communicate with the spirits who live in forests or open savannah.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tyxz89c1kH1TyMMMPo9SRmUtFFF-EsekMnnPSUCwlW8s96UuziTvysw3PkZin1CpJMtKaeI542",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSome masks cover the entire body, like The Morongociek\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhile most masks cover only the face, there are full body masks such as this seclusion mask used by the Maa community.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SEp1xn7qMedfTQg5OyzdZao6yrajQ4a8vSFOW7wHCIv1hAXRf1crzSKUiLp_bBkBNtfXAIk9g",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTiriki seclusion mask\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an ideal illustration of a full-body mask in use. The Tiriki boy depicted is wearing a mask after circumcision. This mask is exclusively worn by initiates for a period of six months, during which they are in seclusion while in training for adulthood.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R7Ju0RciQFqYbpJ0DsBwqV73GqdCKXXzY2qh_b1oXTFsC3oVAg_8LjT_MC4Z9UJsOiRy0yZw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eConcealing the human form\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMasks used for rituals conceptually transform the wearer into a spiritual being, losing their human form in the process. For instance, penitents use masks in ceremonies to disguise their identity in order to make the act of penitence more selfless. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a transformation of the mask-wearer into a spirit, which usually relies on other practices – such as specific types of music and dance, or ritual costumes that contribute to concealing the mask-wearer\u0026#39;s human identity. Depicted is a Kuria man in a mask, concealing his identity.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QHqoBZYNdLlfh2ekH_92yYLRyFMaFzm4BmBK6ogv7ar2NRVGP7MAqk8yBzNS3sg3Wdv9bEx18",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEntertainment value of masks\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMasks were very important during ceremonies because they were used to entertain the people. The masks made dancers look more exciting, and they played a major role in arousing the interest of the audience.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q82lkEHDOdd-ojnYpro0Fn4gWJMRtrizBUodIhsdt3nJkkl7KKAwG4T3gWNUktcHObMFWyIg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRitual contexts for masks\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe mask wearer can become a sort of medium that allows for a dialogue between the community and the spirits. Most times, the spirits mentioned are those of the dead, or nature-related. Masked dances are a part of most traditional African ceremonies related to weddings, funerals, initiation rites, and cleansing.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RBeS12atjYpFpF-I2-0-MgJxrJOh3_SvQ-3SSWMtEa5BFrQw0BHAtYPTbflcZ_asJPtixO8A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eProtecting the dignity of the wearer\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMost of the Kenyan communities were not sexually permissive and, when fertility rituals were conducted, the participants usually disguised themselves to avoid social stigma. The people who conducted the rituals could not perform without masks, showing that masks gave them the courage to go on and perform.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_ReVOEoD6MoHycHXsyXB3WhQRs163qeXir8cFoDr7IHT9L-VmkKF2CbYGMHXyhbflzM0gczdA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePunishment\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMasks are sometimes used to punish the wearer, either by signaling their humiliation or causing direct suffering. Some communities had shameful masks. A \u0026quot;shameful\u0026quot; mask is devised for public humiliation; other masks were used for punishing social deviants, particularly uncomfortable types, such as an iron mask.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QpJ945RyH9iGrboo-d7GWkChDvFN7poLAESNYmZLy5xc4rc_Cz9sDrnHJJII2nWE20UZ_gBAA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarks of authority\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn the past, masks were used to associate the wearer with some kind of unimpeachable authority. This means that influential people in society used to wear masks as a symbol of power and authority.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen a ruler such as a chief or a king died, people used to make masks which resembled that person, so as to honor him. These masks also acted as evidence of existence of that ruler, and were made so that the ruler could be remembered in future.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Ear Piercings","An important tradition in Kenya's communities","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T2XMkopj3dwJelRZnVH_arpT2wpJ0t4D-qlqWtXmO4DA0Ct-87QqNvDKvVYpvLcUu4t1D6","/story/-QXBImL1ZPThIg",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," ",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:8b4687b8-5278-4836-bd7b-1889ab6fad9e","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T2XMkopj3dwJelRZnVH_arpT2wpJ0t4D-qlqWtXmO4DA0Ct-87QqNvDKvVYpvLcUu4t1D6","YBqsZc2yOzP4pDH3a_J8J7YlofY",[0.4865567,0.6872555,0,1.1536397,0.625489],null,null,null,[2000,2000]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"-QXBImL1ZPThIg"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S5c-3Oan2SSE46Dyzl--QNwMeJlkqto9pe8CSAbQzrggX1P38gUy4LGaYE_TOFk_s7E-5tz7JC",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStyle and identity\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAs communities adjust to new cultures and adopt new ways of thinking, traditions such as ear piercing go through many changes. Therefore, the objects on display here are rare examples of items that were used in a tradition that has quickly been overtaken by modernity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SY1if9EGGeV2o545j40ujR58S6z4WSjZATNiPV4lVPA-ArEhD1M2cUvy5eruLscjFdMSZDtg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eNearly all Kenyan communities pierced their ears\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePiercing of ears was a common practice in almost every Kenyan community in the past. Communities differed in the reason for piercing, the size of the hole, and the gender of those whose ears were pierced.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TZ3TuDOjc3xp_iVuliypWsREUml4LRIGzsXPdPxQklI7zAdjtxgJg0QqoRzXTAijHyNBed0Q",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBoth men and women pierced their ears\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eRecords show that in nearly every community, both men and women pierced their ears.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TFlvnTcxphw6NxOAJPnwIPQcgAmdYiSAPdxtXytGhKIlHLLwmbkzlBXaYaBWvu3qaa8OKeLQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePiercing is part of a ritual\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003ePiercing one\u0026#39;s ear was done during transition rituals, especially during graduation from childhood to youth, and from youth to adulthood.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RbM61PoMgXhugsuLvJQ6FDoIHU8HCg22JBZ5rMmfP_fppwaYuLX4UimrARB5QeLV19Grmp",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA sign of bravery\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eOthers, especially young warriors, pierced their ears further to adorn themselves with ornaments that were a sign of their bravery.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TNS7t-kCqcAVROCmIyxgVlzqx5mBf0jEF4JLIUoa1WTytkV_JuFOWoKuEkcXYD9c-Cdp_-oyw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA small hole\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn most cases, the ears were pierced leaving a small hole suitable for an ordinary ornament such as an earring.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SLfwiGn9wb2QLY_bXtm71y_zbUbp_Svyq7fSy6Gi8lqyhO6E8wRd0VxP5ec9VHSY4TSwxW",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEar stretching\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe stretching of the earlobes to make longer and wider holes was common in communities living in the Rift Valley and the central and western parts of Kenya, who used heavy hardwood logs to stretch the earlobes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RvAnIfcUe8O-4CA_DA3FQZiNDhnp-YuiAInTQlniQ09se_W2eeDcJEhaU71OuQrxQyRrl6nA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHave no fear\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe initiates were expected to go through this painful process without showing any fear. The ear stretching process was done gradually, beginning with a small tear.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SP9QIIEkwxM0WbkmWXU21fizdXKgActI6fmGv6f3ONgXBenYHLPHVzwPzmSBdCtKkoN42OoCEA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat about today?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eToday, the tradition of ear stretching isn\u0026#39;t practiced that commonly in Kenya. It is only practiced by a few pastoralist people such as the Maasai.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QCTShJU1iRCakHIooxRFLITx2crFqdwzbpizcHHuXO7FydD22Zi2X4QUAABLWG0SEMIOYmyQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSnuff containers as earrings\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eCommunities such as the Maasai also wore their snuff containers in their pierced earlobes as ornaments.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tk-ATpr2F4IIolotXuQsp0iunIsT627IUno9gHr-bQbZ6xkY-LuWcnZzzcovMw5oXqDavg1so",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBajun earplugs\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe women of the Bajun, from Lamu, wore intricately designed earplugs that were made from precious metals, such as silver and gold. These metals may have been traded with communities on other islands of the Indian Ocean. Both Bajuni men and women pierced their ears, although it was the women who predominantly wore the earplugs.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RCZ5iQ8BBk34L5IVBeTUuROSCqihUr6nz1jk001Rql7C0dngNB7XeAZKhLLI711ipgKrj72y_p",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEar piercing in Kenya today\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn modern Kenya, women pierce their ears but the number of men doing so has reduced drastically. Nowadays, some people consider piercing of ears by men as a taboo - although there is historical documentations showing that majority of communities in Kenya pierced the ears of their members regardless of their gender.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The African Drum","The beating heart of Africa","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlIYvudjzVRab0ChjyIeLtsXXqvXoSlzJwdTW2NGs6Fn031uRAvoK3M84G5s9SgWyWZn8SnA","/story/iAXho86uvhJeKA",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"iAXho86uvhJeKA"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RenMoT_U1qb8MYcsA3LnUXgLACAmS-e5l3hPAzPbJs0aXJ0jtiOzHe4MA3qcG_kyABDVdhOUw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGet the rhythms down\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe beating heart of Africa is the drum. Its sound, style, craft and use has evolved with time, and each community in Kenya has used the drum for different purposes. The manufacture was often steeped in ritual and symbolism, and its use was sometimes restricted to a specific context. Drumming was a common accessory when dancing or performing specific rituals. In many communities, only men would play the drum; in others, certain drums were only used by women.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RyEL95MFZdGzcFgTEjabME_JjT16nPiLUGlxB6arn8r8QjYWx9EynftU_vf2yCA29tIanelw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Luhya drum and \u0026#39;Sikuti\u0026#39; dance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Luhya of Western Kenya have a very distinctive dance style called \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eSikuti\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39;, named after a local drum. It\u0026#39;s an extremely energetic dance, usually performed by both male and female dancers. It is accompanied by several drums, bells, long horns and whistles.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QmhuMgZkMh3_U9qDgEuob6QiXcCtDqs-Nfn7lPeYQsXIiJAryWUpxZRP4AAv0q0KIzuc7AOqI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Embu drum and \u0026#39;Mwinziro\u0026#39; dance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis wooden drum was used by the traditional dancers of the Embu community from Mufo village. Young men would play it to accompany young men and girls dancing the \u0026#39;Mwinziro\u0026#39; dance. The \u0026#39;Mwinziro\u0026#39; dance is performed when there is a good harvest.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe long narrow drum has a goat skin diaphragm at both ends. It was made by young men from the wood of the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eMwenjenje\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; tree. The tree was hollowed out with a tool called \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eThis\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39;. The thongs were used to carry the drum, and were woven from the leaves of the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eKikuyu\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; tree.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QR_4USgJvg5w9-FRxv8JA_yI1Cx4CNe_8atx1FKtERXAhIbn9I2I4BofvF_GQmkTWiCa7d",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Bajuu drum and \u0026#39;Kirumbithi\u0026#39; dance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis wooden drum was used to accompany traditional dances of the Bajuu community. The \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eKirumbithi\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; dance was performed by men, and the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eFungo\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; dance was performed by women. Drums like these were not sold but made by their owner.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe drum was made of wood from the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eMutu\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; tree, goatskin, and coconut tree leaves.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QQD4HQZxfFjWKO4Dm-EHgp_CuCA2YZNvQMIM5bJJM2rxqBdj5k0gCXvSIlXV4p5f3tUz9ExEdi",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Mbeere drum and \u0026#39;Mwinziro\u0026#39; dance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis wooden drum was used by young bachelors when dancing \u0026#39;Mwinziro.\u0026#39;. The dance was only performed at night. It is said that the rhythm of the dance attracted girls. Such drums were usually never sold, but made by the owners. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe tall drum was made of wood from the Mukaau (Melia Volkensii Guire) tree. The hole through the middle was cut with a \u0026#39;Thia\u0026#39; and the top was covered with the skin of a goat or wild animal.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TUvDFtL1PPSuWW2MgYZ3nTvjz3L_HbL3CaHPSrAVW9eZVbXu5feTu38UC6V8CEOKpl_mPMfQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Pokomo drum and medicine dance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a Pokomo medicine man with the tools of his trade. His drum was a major part of his healing ritual.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QaJPJLpM6azLXwLoib4apGaNfmqgyuamsDmE7zHpEUZZQ1lykJwwHSr6KsI1gPmvq21xa_",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Malalulu and Pokomo drum, and bachelor dancing\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis wooden drum was played by young bachelors when dancing. The drum was made of wood from the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eMakuyu\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; tree.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RJX7pOitBmVjhuT9ZNreFgbd9TOtGAzFW5Xv8PipaJk52LuuWU73H0tVgR81RfYLTVL61oCEY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Tsotso drum\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eMalako, a Tsotso man, is shown here playing a drum during a ceremony. A drummer\u0026#39;s talent plays a major role in creating a charming rhythm during communal dances.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tn9HH6LneI-p-NyKc-eJLVE-Q3M8Ub76iHMffzelDt9ZqB4Ia0iZZvGAUKhjEGyohsBRqkvT_U",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kisii drum\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eKisii celebrations are marked with song and dance. Various traditional musical instruments, including the drum, are played.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sp_emOv9ZUuscIDLQUm9YxqgPVOroYlOet8W8oCcuJdrxLQ2HQA27n_ZO8cUxXXmMzQHS-1A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kamba drum and \u0026quot;Kilumi\u0026quot; dance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kamba people of Eastern Kenya also had their own dances, each with distinctive drumming styles. This is a drum used by women when required for the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eKilumi\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; dance. Men were also known to use the drum and dance, but only those who were aware of the \u0026quot;spiritual words\u0026quot; in \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eKilumi\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; songs. The \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eKilumi\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; song was a propitiation dance, used in times of famine or other stress. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe drums were made from wood of the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003emuinga\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; tree, carved with a \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003ethia\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; and finished with an adze (\u003ci\u003engomo\u003c/i\u003e). The chocks (\u003ci\u003eKyambo\u003c/i\u003e) holding down the skin were cut with a knife and made from goat skin.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SC0JVMrpytlxvdaDr_h7TZTgjKZP7Q_bYJ5-zd_va51LEdUSfbatVgQ_nV37VvdDfX4RjQTIo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kamba drum and \u0026#39;Ikiili\u0026#39; dance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Kamba community used a variety of drums for different dances, rituals and ceremonies. This drum was used for the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eIkiili\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; dance, performed by young men. It is made from wood of the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eMuinga\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; tree, aluminium, cowhide and goatskin.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TpLWVpWimhNuCfKwkl2k0BCVPvFJPlLY5H4x-wWFjLFEFQ7vE5Dya21Mfu5-Fd9oSTM_FdFsXq",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kamba drum and \u0026#39;Anake\u0026#39; and \u0026#39;Ileve\u0026#39; dance\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Kamba drum was used for the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eAnake\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; and \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eIleve\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; dances, performed by young men. It was made from wood of the \u0026#39;\u003ci\u003eIsavi\u003c/i\u003e\u0026#39; tree, lizard and goatskin.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TE1n7q3dV5wpfYN0e0g3WDapHFbM84F2R6Lcz-h4Xl0H4wEmn7h28oIFwYZ0qxbEOynFkk0A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kamba drum used for entertainment\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eHere is another example of a drum used by the Kamba community. It is exceptional for its long and narrow style - but particularly for its sound.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tx16_RGf_jP0pff8pNnwjiPxy5sDm0rf4e4ySGLN0B_k0Ra8N7RjMVB6CSlqVeXIHa7spC",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Kamba drum and fire\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a drum made by the Musumbi or Kamba, and used by young men for dancing. Before playing the drum, the membrane is held over the fire.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Ttk-bwDDBls1zw-Iig9taIC7vs8UaQYnxf5kqr-zkE-3TSEZ8l5Cp9iQkfnbmAhfweJyGVug",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Teriki drum for funerals\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis wooden drum was used at the funeral for a woman from N. Kavirondo, of the Teriki community.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T_gSUxRTECeqvktJYnYrQk6TvlzzQAQclgw210c6UCTDAK67S76wh3KlO1t2EEjOZdtuN9bA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Luo drum and alerting beats\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eDrums hold a very special place in African history and culture because they play an important role in people\u0026#39;s lives. The sound of this drum when played was aimed at alerting people in the village of danger or someone\u0026#39;s death.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe drum was made using an iron blade, and covered with cowhide.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R648TSHkkJYQGkwvONtphTJqfzcSiA3qJHKyCtQH-PePOxrtZopUMWIKdlee5lzJqByEpuZMo",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe Wasanye drum\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eNot much information is available about this drum from the Wasanye community. However, it is said to be a poison drum which was obtained from the Voi river.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","The Swahili Siwa Side-Horn","Its sound will blow your mind","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SVsr-O5vJUrwZuWEk13qUWSN3ydXpnuUZZV5dVxoCO4c9sobWpDOBPuxZHgwkWnw8eFXSkJg","/story/VAXxT9gGdDdwKQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," ",null,["stella.microscopeimage","MicroscopeImage:514da290-7318-4237-9b75-223aa189ab86","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SVsr-O5vJUrwZuWEk13qUWSN3ydXpnuUZZV5dVxoCO4c9sobWpDOBPuxZHgwkWnw8eFXSkJg","k6y7sD3M1pLgd4QlmxwJGKpT1nQ",[0.525632,0.59412545,0,1.1691396,0.6338929],null,null,null,[2000,2000]]],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"VAXxT9gGdDdwKQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SezU3Cn4FT36Lo4SGZogyOzImNPwYQ3ksfDA2CFS3JdKTTn_YGPIT39NBxz3zfd0tk0CTRVQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1: The Siwa, the ceremonial side blown horn, is one of the most distinctive items of regalia from sub-Saharan African\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIt was used by Swahili leaders in the 17th and 18th centuries for ceremonies, including circumcisions, weddings, and at cultural events.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2: This rare Siwa can be found in the Hall of Kenya at Nairobi National Museum\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe gallery celebrates the country\u0026#39;s ethnic diversity and vibrant cultures through the objects on display. The Siwa is one of the museum\u0026#39;s most important objects.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],["stella.svi",null,null,"CAISFkItNm9FTFFQWjk4QUFBUkRveUhmb1E\u003d",198.92088945134495,3.094441586606493,null,null,"//maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size\u003d1200x1000\u0026pano\u003dB-6oELQPZ98AAARDoyHfoQ\u0026heading\u003d-161.07911054865505\u0026pitch\u003d3.094441586606493\u0026fov\u003d122.06862226307643\u0026sensor\u003dfalse\u0026client\u003dgoogle-cultural\u0026signature\u003dEj-4e2yqWJ3xJkuvxkaroRTrTxQ",null,122.06862226307643,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAISFkItNm9FTFFQWjk4QUFBUkRveUhmb1E%3D\u0026sv_f\u003d122.06862226307643\u0026sv_h\u003d198.92088945134495\u0026sv_p\u003d3.094441586606493",null,null,[2,"B-6oELQPZ98AAARDoyHfoQ"],"SvInfo:765321c3-f1dd-4b45-a969-73278d7054a3"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SezU3Cn4FT36Lo4SGZogyOzImNPwYQ3ksfDA2CFS3JdKTTn_YGPIT39NBxz3zfd0tk0CTRVQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3: It was made by skilled craftsmen in 1688 on the island of Pate, north of Lamu\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Siwa is over 2 meters long and made of two elephant tusks, copper, brass and wood. It has elaborate decorations and inscriptions.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SezU3Cn4FT36Lo4SGZogyOzImNPwYQ3ksfDA2CFS3JdKTTn_YGPIT39NBxz3zfd0tk0CTRVQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4: The Siwa was also believed to have supernatural and magical powers\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAmong the Swahili people, the Siwa was perceived as a symbol of unity, and Swahili rulers served as its sole guardian.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SnvYbFyaJQf_rhH5xHBm3Cds6B6h2xXD4o7SilOVAxK6RmiY1s7QFfWYdf_RErTWPHIjz5YzI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5: It makes an unforgettable sound\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA man would hold the Siwa with two arms and blow through the wooden mouthpiece, making an unforgettable sound.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SnvYbFyaJQf_rhH5xHBm3Cds6B6h2xXD4o7SilOVAxK6RmiY1s7QFfWYdf_RErTWPHIjz5YzI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eThe sound of the Siwa would be able to reach communities living far way. The sound usually announced a ceremony, and invited the communities to participate.\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","African Headdresses","A crown for every craft","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SVaSbiACIjsruMMZO3gOiNslCZX89KWnlrghaHn4jGpm9Uq-a2ut26NSUdTo4f8L_4F7mH_Q","/story/PwXBePLe-6NIIw",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"PwXBePLe-6NIIw"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TL9y5GVn-67TTqg0Qr5T3MyheccRfVvc5ZaaI-TM6hchSUKA7N61bnplRE9--WZL-6W1moOw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe African headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe African headdress is an elaborate piece of art worn on the head to denote one\u0026#39;s high position in society. People in leadership positions, administrators or spiritual leaders, and sometimes the wealthy in society, often wore headdresses on special occasions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TJhM4EWZS2baY9U-IexXMZeEcoam0s184K3ULZCzvru633UX1s2n928Vn4oWqqLfZofb3gtg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFeathers, animal skin, or hides\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA large majority of traditional headdresses were designed to rise in height from the crown of the head, and often included items such as feathers, animal skin or hides. Sometimes the headdresses were decorated with bead work, embroidery, paint, leaf fronds, porcupine quills or other animal parts.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Twgfh0VFAlVx__v-tMkChqlolydEnBrOuJ5SU1SSQCd5rwvXQbh0dVdqjDjeqYnC-EQlfcVHax",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAdornment: a social and functional perspective of headgear\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn as much as most African headdresses had a profound cultural meaning attached, some were worn purely for their glamour during social appearances – for instance, during dances. Others were worn purely for their ability to shield the wearer against the elements as they carried on with their day to day activities\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TcnHARNoe9pwmv8gWcWaonlRsFCb81IBNgUOzFOil47rsM5lXp4ktQzeBBCsOmmJsI30LclQQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSymbols of leadership\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eVarious communities had a specific headdress which reflected that the wearer had attained an exceptional level of authority and wisdom. Consequently, such gear was reserved only for the chiefs and elders of the community.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eExplore Kenyan culture through these 15 African headdresses...\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T9H4S3t8PdwMu0Toq1q4Yxx0eNbbG-2DJkKDSG_pKu03Va63Yt6DpzDrznkXzYX4Nm8bYe",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e1: Turkana chief headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is a Turkana chief in ceremonial headdress made of ostrich feathers.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T-Ff-GUuDraKzSXo92gL0T6zGpvU24z3Iw8sxcNHy0ufETAPheWIC0aRAGAM6c5p--dlrjgg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e2: Pokot elder headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Pokot elder wearing an ostrich feather headdress.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RlYX0AGQ-60K3h_KwwuH2_urTadLnI_OtHxh7LvGdawdVmwCF-Vr5Ytjlje-lO8kpQ3QTJUZ8",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e3: Mbeere elder headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Mbeere elder wearing ostrich feather headgear, signifying his social status.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R9LAtYlVglaIt2gQmNPY6vduZB1D-L5oIRJ5liTxP_WMcNkHOxywrjVy_O06EROSO3oGn2XGk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e4: Borana chief headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Borana chief wearing a traditional turban and an ostrich feather. The chieftaincy was denoted by the metal phallic symbol worn on his forehead, which is referred to as \u003ci\u003eKalacha\u003c/i\u003e. These and other items were symbols of leadership.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TrdbgDDmTrg3CxyTXTwqFkUvxX1zzb93IVS0QOe7LzqmigqIaG5xUd45ItxJH8BVYlNbubhg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e5: Maasai warrior headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Maasai warrior wearing a headdress made of lion mane, which symbolises bravery.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R0PYQre3e--n6C4wNrH1EV4_pVyaBGzV0H8w08xgU96QHM_mN5o8LDoFhT-n9wjSPanMFQVw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e6: Maasai warrior headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Maasai warrior, commonly referred to as a moran, in ceremonial regalia and traditional weaponry. His headdress is made of ostrich feathers and cow skin. It is sewn using leather thongs and has a leather strap to keep it in place when worn. These were worn by the Maasai morans who had gone through circumcision.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sl8UJjwfHD9pmhBD0Su-MEJTiT3prLeED9B1eKlCu2yipx8fetCB5iyjlpJRr8z3VrzyMtLJw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e7: Pokot warrior headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Pokot warrior wearing a headdress made of hair and clay.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_So_deXKSX-o57Wa_OoInOq5Fw4xoJpnUtB3H8RhkUDIIevufELn3jgdXn1uG9WFBMoMcFfdg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e8: Kadam warrior headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA high ranking warrior, as indicated by the red feathers and the arrangement of his headdress. The tattoo on his right side means that he has killed a man in battle.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RRUQYO0dBxHTbxDYZhYmS_TH4mylQvTFHk2EonthnWS4xiE-fAOAWvz8ZLWylxU2ytiteP",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e9: Njemps warrior headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Njemps warrior wearing a lion mane headgear and holding a leather shield and spear.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Tmy78YnmqxBkcbfQAQyux9f1wOMv5g-tmTAjG9-93UrBqfU4DeuqxfZJZGrYal-4tmmCm4CQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e10: Kisa basketry headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Kisa man wearing a ceremonial outfit comprising of a basketry headdress decked with skin and feathers, and a leopard skin cloak.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R-btCZ2b1LkLgaR4tQdMsIFVEksEB8kPktx_4uyksGURcX2v3UKuPe3m1EIm6bPjRVVbS2nPw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e11: Pokot warrior headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Pokot warrior dressed up for a dance.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SYwxIH8mJZn2ijTNhU9EIV0cUVzTLWAbA7ocfCzA8965FtAAXPoIo654ng12z3qHi8n16OFw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e12: Mbeere warrior headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Mbeere warrior in ceremonial wear, white ochre paintings, and ostrich feather headgear.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q75E6JI_yn_MTKxIXoxU-cakNAwRQ7lGeGDszIEPArlJqY-RB0OwnbOcWv-NcEEI45fGOgWg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e13:Turkana elder attire\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Turkana elder dressed for a dance. His headdress is made of ostrich feathers.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QIxs9JcevtHOj32EjO4lwnBfbwO5NYb39MUrYcUc8CUgD-7OBfmpPC-CDv_elvt3DKk3OZww",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e14: Samia headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eA Samia man adorned in ceremonial wear and bead necklaces.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RiazeCi4o0hkFpasJ1n-XEocj8y3rxxPeYJzfaouD4QhVgZ6vt8Iv0hAeyYcs7qAssUxSWbxk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e15: Samia headdress\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSamia warrior dressed in a ceremonial skirt and headdress, and armed with a shield and spear.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]],["stella.common.cobject","Kenyan Ornaments","Filled with history and symbolism","https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TJpewa1WjdFs0l2jObXU-_pyN-sRHAZBRzUwXnM5yONEaiQtcps6rbx4NuTR-kctMyR7TgbnU","/story/mwVBinbBvOeoLQ",29,null,null,null,null,null,null,[null,null," "],null,null,null,null,[2],null,null,null,[4,"mwVBinbBvOeoLQ"],null,null,null,null,[1],null,null,null,null,[[["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QSJckjLE09kH8SAPrFfk1-KMEE7bmDXaATrb590s0H8X4a5Ce9P8OXR46JQE7aSzoUW9MZvFU",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe origins of ornamentation in Kenya\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe origins of ornamentation among Kenyan communities is undocumented but is believed to have begun hundreds of years ago. This has been demonstrated by archaeologists through excavations and recovery of ostrich egg shell beads in certain parts of the country.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RKYaZiXZYozvQ3IN86vweDIO8GMdgDf0vGFS-3Exg08Fw3eLHin96E8m5UC1Vi76OC3uayaA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe rich colors, shapes and functions of African ornaments\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eIn Africa, body ornaments communicate ethnic background, social status, age and beliefs. Traditional ornaments appear in various forms, such as earrings, bracelets, armlets and belts, among others. They are also made from a variety of materials, ranging from leather, brass, stone, bone, iron, beads, and more.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S5c-3Oan2SSE46Dyzl--QNwMeJlkqto9pe8CSAbQzrggX1P38gUy4LGaYE_TOFk_s7E-5tz7JC",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOrnaments symbolising social status\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe material and design of the ornaments often indicated a person’s social status. In some communities, only leaders or members of special groups wore objects made of precious materials such as ivory or gold.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RRAkA7Rv11IEB46TkueA193oAHghojAhAidxSGsUTkic9PgQPF5cU7kM0EvNy1vNFokX6_t6-1",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSuk woman wearing symbols of wealth\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eFor instance, this Suk woman is wearing ornaments which indicate that she is married. The high number of ornaments she is adorned in is indicative of her husband\u0026#39;s wealth.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RRAkA7Rv11IEB46TkueA193oAHghojAhAidxSGsUTkic9PgQPF5cU7kM0EvNy1vNFokX6_t6-1",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDo you see her scars and body marks?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe ritual scars below her eyes, her lip plug and hairstyle all serve to enhance her beauty.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RRAkA7Rv11IEB46TkueA193oAHghojAhAidxSGsUTkic9PgQPF5cU7kM0EvNy1vNFokX6_t6-1",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eSee the blackish scar marks below her eyes.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RRAkA7Rv11IEB46TkueA193oAHghojAhAidxSGsUTkic9PgQPF5cU7kM0EvNy1vNFokX6_t6-1",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003eSee the lip plug below her lower lip.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8cdEyzftTYqJMb52UidMhjBXrKLt1WvNeSAjieKAljIL3SfHqWL0D_-u1cBHGIxzxOX3D1Xw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eChuka elder not wearing symbols of fertility\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis is an elderly Chuka woman. She is past childbearing age, which is indicated by the lack of cowrie shells on her adornments. Cowrie shells signify fertility in most African communities.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8cdEyzftTYqJMb52UidMhjBXrKLt1WvNeSAjieKAljIL3SfHqWL0D_-u1cBHGIxzxOX3D1Xw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDo you see the symbols of her advanced age?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe ornament on her forehead and her coat, and the very stretched ear lobes indicate that she elderly.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T8cdEyzftTYqJMb52UidMhjBXrKLt1WvNeSAjieKAljIL3SfHqWL0D_-u1cBHGIxzxOX3D1Xw",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat do you think her dull beads symbolise?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWhen daughters got married, they would inherit the bright beads from their mother\u0026#39;s ornaments, leaving the mother with the dull beads.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SbVVKajoKQxeP3IhmA_NaPsQY9eopklfev3xfLF32jRS2CYtzGHW3vYfqFuEXbk0easQrGiQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaasai girl wearing ornaments symbolising the rites of passage\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Maasai girl initiate is wearing elaborate ornaments on her head and arms. The ornaments symbolise that she is past the age of initiation.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SbVVKajoKQxeP3IhmA_NaPsQY9eopklfev3xfLF32jRS2CYtzGHW3vYfqFuEXbk0easQrGiQ",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat do you think cowrie beads represent?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe cowrie bead headband represents fertility, and is an indicator that she has undergone the rite of passage from childhood to womanhood.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R9LAtYlVglaIt2gQmNPY6vduZB1D-L5oIRJ5liTxP_WMcNkHOxywrjVy_O06EROSO3oGn2XGk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBorana man wearing symbols of leadership\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Borana man is wearing a traditional turban with a metallic ornament called \u003ci\u003eKalacha\u003c/i\u003e, symbolizing his leadership status.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R9LAtYlVglaIt2gQmNPY6vduZB1D-L5oIRJ5liTxP_WMcNkHOxywrjVy_O06EROSO3oGn2XGk",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat do his face marks symbolise?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eSome communities add scarification and body paintings to convey symbolic meaning as well as personal style.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QP2VXVxGfFGM53CIPy1DC2HKzc730iTgOS-F2seH0ChlCLCwQ8K2RpFko9KD4xGa40uf6Z2ew",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eA Borana man wearing Kalacha\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Borana man sells traditional ornaments and objects. He is wearing a metallic ornament called \u003ci\u003eKalacha\u003c/i\u003e, which was used to symbolise leadership status.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RBeS12atjYpFpF-I2-0-MgJxrJOh3_SvQ-3SSWMtEa5BFrQw0BHAtYPTbflcZ_asJPtixO8A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSamia man wearing ceremonial mask\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe Samia man is wearing a traditional mask, which was used at a ceremony marking the afterlife. He wears it to conceal his identity. The mask is made of hide decorated with \u003ci\u003eErythrina\u003c/i\u003e seeds.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RBeS12atjYpFpF-I2-0-MgJxrJOh3_SvQ-3SSWMtEa5BFrQw0BHAtYPTbflcZ_asJPtixO8A",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eWhat do you think the headdress represents?\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe headdress is made of colobus monkey hair, bird skull, porcupine quill and a \u003ci\u003eSolanum\u003c/i\u003e fruit. A pig jaw is hung on the neck, alongside ostrich egg shell beads. The elaborate headdress symbolises that he is the leader of the ceremony.\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SY1if9EGGeV2o545j40ujR58S6z4WSjZATNiPV4lVPA-ArEhD1M2cUvy5eruLscjFdMSZDtg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBeautiful beads and their origin to Africa\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAccording to oral history, beads have a long and rich history since before the coming of the first Arabs, Indians and Europeans. They can be traced to the period before the arrival of Europeans in the late 1800s, when handcrafted jewelry was made from sticks, ostrich egg shells, dik-dik bones, seeds, dried grasses and other natural materials.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sd7X43aUwthBwVU7Pb6VRp3fJoTvnAsFbTEX6QvjXT2l_IAAb80kpp9G1a7m1KJ32YQsLQgho",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGlass beads in Africa\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eWith the arrival of Europeans and Indians came the trading of supplies for glass beads. Glass-beaded ornaments feature in images of local communities from the mid-nineteenth century.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TM55s_-QwCQVVthDdbGq_htzEW0HBhd_IG03nlX4Wfq2W_s4V0VmVdxIXSSCK2s47a1GbQWA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eThe price of craftsmanship\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe quantity of beadwork was dependent on cash resources, while the quality was dependent on the beading techniques, which were varied, labor-intensive and time-consuming. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThe makers of beaded ornaments, who were mostly women, not only made use of imported beads to transform traditional forms, but also possibly borrowed designs from other sources introduced through trade.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QA6Clva-9ZGkTbFu_Zcngp0rkWe14WO2JHyCpJVi8EJjRh8KounIyJV5PdGdnvxr_2QDtgGg",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBeads were a currency during colonial times\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eBeadwork is traditionally an activity for women and was originally not done for commercial purposes. During the colonial period, beads were offered as a form of currency or as a form of discount on traded goods.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S5QX_AXjvNJZPvRFAEV6-b5At0Gn1Cg_zBN8rP4KOR7IJmEMRLDqGK_lNWlqTxXyXnPiZhzAY",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTharaka girl wearing symbols of wealth\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Tharaka girl wears beaded ornaments, which are an indication of her father\u0026#39;s wealth.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SToZSH8XcOofy-ABF8qpo2vrSPMEhJArUmimGOweactdrIGNeKul5pojmAoBS4IVnxy3GI",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTharaka woman wearing symbols of social status\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Tharaka woman\u0026#39;s ornaments indicate she is married to a wealthy husband, and the brass earrings indicate that she has children.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]],["//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TXEAsbJjy7TTA0UUNzhFWWgmhqeWSr4reWafKf8BTBx7KJbpn4JP-HMy9ZC23lytcJ9swuNA",null,[null,"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBorana woman wearing symbols of wealth\u003c/b\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis Borana woman is wearing ceremonial metal jewelry, indicating her wealth. Her necklace, back ornament, rings, armlets and wristlets are all made of different metals with various symbolic meanings.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"]]]]]]],null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,18,"SimpleStack","EditorialSection:868d972a-6c2b-404e-857b-dee67c6e05b5"];window.INIT_data['SvInfo:72ab3294-a4fa-4697-bdfe-e9f4b39c8221'] = ["stella.svi",null,null,"CAoSLEFGMVFpcFA3TlVaYTNpRDNrUk9zVnBIN2QzbkkwYVZ2WmRhWWM3bHBpcmt5",283.6110076865039,13.784707913328788,null,null,"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/p/AF1QipP7NUZa3iD3kROsVpH7d3nI0aVvZdaYc7lpirky\u003dw1200-h1000-pi-13.784708-ya-26.388992-fo90.0028",null,90.00280058801084,"/streetview?sv_pid\u003dCAoSLEFGMVFpcFA3TlVaYTNpRDNrUk9zVnBIN2QzbkkwYVZ2WmRhWWM3bHBpcmt5\u0026sv_f\u003d90.00280058801084\u0026sv_h\u003d283.6110076865039\u0026sv_p\u003d13.784707913328788",null,310,[10,"AF1QipP7NUZa3iD3kROsVpH7d3nI0aVvZdaYc7lpirky"],"SvInfo:72ab3294-a4fa-4697-bdfe-e9f4b39c8221"];window.INIT_data['SvInfo:75733a8b-4ce2-4f3b-b25c-51fa85bdb1ea'] = 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jsaction="JIbuQc:cNSDk(O7iZXb);IBB03b:rXxpye;UdR7Zd:G3bbwe"><header class="iYaDYe lXkFp" jsname="tJHJj"><div class="tJ5Dnb" data-bgsrc="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R7rQl7j0eEyQ_6IH8W-_7sIc4iq3jzYnnZicxjNK_A7wtJ8eRnmwzawA2EVFQxROyDtgnGgQ" data-ct="pp" data-nms="true"></div><div class="spzSUb"><div class="eFsD4b"><h1 class="tF7USe">Utamaduni Wetu: Meet the People of Kenya</h1><h2 class="QYzQ7d">From the cradle of mankind to the superheroes of today</h2><div class="cCNe0 lXkFp Tti2Ye" jscontroller="acWgwb" jsaction="JIbuQc:UEmoBd; click: UEmoBd(ru89He),UEmoBd(FQhpwf);R7KM6d:r1oohb;AqyeSc:wiqaSb;" data-title="Utamaduni Wetu: Meet the People of Kenya" data-url="https://artsandculture.google.com/project/kenyan-cultures" data-galabel="project-page-hero" data-image="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R7rQl7j0eEyQ_6IH8W-_7sIc4iq3jzYnnZicxjNK_A7wtJ8eRnmwzawA2EVFQxROyDtgnGgQ"><div class="DIJzlf apTFrf iW4pEe B0hYxd" jscontroller="iKY4f" jsaction="MFzXR:aW9bVe;rcuQ6b:npT2md;IBB03b:orzFjd;kjspDd:orzFjd;TMOOrb:orzFjd;JIbuQc:zfmy0d;" data-url="https://artsandculture.google.com/project/kenyan-cultures" jsname="cglZWb"><div role="button" class="U26fgb mUbCce p9Nwte M9Bg4d" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd; mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue; focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;" jsshadow jsname="k3zNF" aria-label="Authenticate to favorite this asset." aria-disabled="false" tabindex="0"><div class="VTBa7b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="xjKiLb"><span class="Ce1Y1c" style="top: -12px"><div jsname="ASQOkb" class="CXhsJc"><svg style="width:24px;height:24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=""><path d="M12,21.35L10.55,20.03C5.4,15.36 2,12.27 2,8.5C2,5.41 4.42,3 7.5,3C9.24,3 10.91,3.81 12,5.08C13.09,3.81 14.76,3 16.5,3C19.58,3 22,5.41 22,8.5C22,12.27 18.6,15.36 13.45,20.03L12,21.35Z"/></svg></div></span></span></div></div><div role="button" class="U26fgb mUbCce p9Nwte rw97Ub B0hYxd xLR5Vd iT6Vrc M9Bg4d" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd(preventDefault=true); mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue; focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;" jsshadow jsname="ymIaV" aria-label="Share "Utamaduni Wetu: Meet the People of Kenya"" aria-disabled="false" tabindex="0" title="Share"><div class="VTBa7b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="xjKiLb"><span class="Ce1Y1c" style="top: -12px"><svg width="18" height="20" class="Wdgiwc"><path d="M15 14c-.79 0-1.5.31-2.03.81L5.91 10.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.53.5 1.25.81 2.04.81 1.66 0 3-1.34 3-3s-1.34-3-3-3-3 1.34-3 3c0 .24.04.48.09.7L5.04 7.81C4.5 7.31 3.79 7 3 7c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.05 4.12c-.05.22-.09.45-.09.69 0 1.66 1.34 3 3 3s3-1.34 3-3-1.34-3-3-3zm0-12c.55 0 1 .45 1 1s-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1zM3 11c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1zm12 7c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1z"/></svg></span></span></div></div></div></div><div role="button" class="U26fgb mUbCce fKz7Od mrINdc M9Bg4d" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd; mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue; focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;" jsshadow jsname="O7iZXb" aria-label="Scroll" aria-disabled="false" tabindex="0"><div class="VTBa7b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="xjKiLb"><span class="Ce1Y1c" style="top: -24px"><svg width="24px" height="24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class=""><path d="M7.41 15.41L12 10.83l4.59 4.58L18 14l-6-6-6 6z"/></svg></span></span></div><div class="iqRHNe"></div></header><section jscontroller="TMXtO" jsaction="B0tf1d:UVxRE;BVcIYb:xriZZd;BilGBc:CREi5e;htGtEd:zBFPOe;MFzXR:IF3MFb;JZCswc:PkMYQd;" data-lazy-load="true" jsmodel="nDkrdf" data-index="1" data-name="PartnerLogos" data-edu="06_09_22" data-pers="false" class="wWQRF rvbBuf LwLTbf"><div class="wsxVE LWxO0d"><div class="VDJ8te"><h2 class="erzEIf bHI58b"><span>In collaboration with</span></h2></div><div class="yOHDud p0TSbe"><div class="uGY8Pe"><a class="e0WtYb CTYNpb" href="/partner/national-museums-of-kenya" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_1_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_PartnerLogos_item_1_/partner/national-museums-of-kenya" data-gaeditorialindex="1" data-gaeditorialname="PartnerLogos" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR"><img class="A5M0y jwuQz" alt="National Museums of Kenya" data-bgsrc="//lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QC7ok10T5ijFIsPTCAgCtELkRW4FY7qckHkDU2DjxKH5zaAenU196f09DQikQin7SKTfGHoJ8" /></span></a></div></div></div></section><section jscontroller="TMXtO" jsaction="B0tf1d:UVxRE;BVcIYb:xriZZd;BilGBc:CREi5e;htGtEd:zBFPOe;MFzXR:IF3MFb;JZCswc:PkMYQd;" data-lazy-load="true" jsmodel="nDkrdf" data-index="2" data-name="Clusters" data-edu="06_09_22" data-pers="false" class="wWQRF JsQ3Kc LwLTbf"><div class="wsxVE LWxO0d"><div class="VDJ8te"><h2 class="erzEIf bHI58b"><span>Sisi ni wakenya / We are Kenyans</span></h2></div><div class="yOHDud p0TSbe"><div class="QC52Cd" data-cards-count="2"><div class="c2Yf5e n9YQJf dxOld lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/cwVxxupKSK7x2Q" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Get to Know Kenya's Communities" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_2_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Cluster_item_1_/story/cwVxxupKSK7x2Q" data-gaeditorialindex="undefined" data-gaeditorialname="undefined" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QYM4bJvSMOldS0TO8yMwfZ2aOfbJ6CkeTIwaAj9HsOOfQ6ScLdV5bdAzQOEzTnpQUBKD2PXX4" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><span class="M2QpMe">Welcome to Kenya</span><h3 class="icXnic" title="Get to Know Kenya's Communities">Get to Know Kenya's Communities</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="Explore the communities through these traditional objects and ornaments">Explore the communities through these traditional objects and ornaments</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e n9YQJf dxOld lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/BQWRX_9H-dfvTQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o on What It Means To Be Kenyan" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_2_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Cluster_item_2_/story/BQWRX_9H-dfvTQ" data-gaeditorialindex="undefined" data-gaeditorialname="undefined" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QPUVhjRvN9eGTGA5DTY6NWcGRGA226i2Yi7ov6QqMlKMXEGj1YlmZPiGtt4XLjmLOLJSe4" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><span class="M2QpMe">Kenyan Identity</span><h3 class="icXnic" title="Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o on What It Means To Be Kenyan">Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o on What It Means To Be Kenyan</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="Kọ́lá Túbọ̀sún explores Kenyan identity with the celebrated author">Kọ́lá Túbọ̀sún explores Kenyan identity with the celebrated author</h4></div></span></a></div></div></div></div></section><section jscontroller="TMXtO" jsaction="B0tf1d:UVxRE;BVcIYb:xriZZd;BilGBc:CREi5e;htGtEd:zBFPOe;MFzXR:IF3MFb;JZCswc:PkMYQd;" data-lazy-load="true" jsmodel="nDkrdf" data-index="3" data-name="Quotes" data-edu="06_09_22" data-pers="false" class="wWQRF bl2dxd"><div class="wsxVE LWxO0d"><div class="yOHDud p0TSbe"><a class="e0WtYb lop4Ed" href="/story/BQWRX_9H-dfvTQ" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_3_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Quotes_item_1_/story/BQWRX_9H-dfvTQ" data-gaeditorialindex="3" data-gaeditorialname="Quotes" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR"><div class="gEZtye" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_THH0Osl90gvXhnhza4F0H9jeV4O5-IrJaWaz9xfGpfdMdJFAxFOOSQD9FEa45WLYNlkErfbB4" data-ct="c" data-cw="1.1488679647445679" data-ch="0.6229018568992615" data-mw="2000" data-mh="2000" data-xp="0.5" data-yp="0.4456167221069336"></div></span></a><span class="VQu9ie">"The peoples of Kenya have an incredible richness of history and culture. Learning from what we already have, from all the communities, is the way into the world."</span><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/BQWRX_9H-dfvTQ" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_3_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Quotes_item_1_/story/BQWRX_9H-dfvTQ" data-gaeditorialindex="3" data-gaeditorialname="Quotes" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR Suh9Jd xzeF5e"><span>- Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o</span></span></a></div></div></section><section jscontroller="TMXtO" jsaction="B0tf1d:UVxRE;BVcIYb:xriZZd;BilGBc:CREi5e;htGtEd:zBFPOe;MFzXR:IF3MFb;JZCswc:PkMYQd;" data-lazy-load="true" jsmodel="nDkrdf" data-index="4" data-name="TilesRibbon" data-edu="06_09_22" data-pers="false" class="wWQRF LwLTbf"><div class="wsxVE LWxO0d"><div class="VDJ8te"><h2 class="erzEIf bHI58b"><span>Find your ukoo</span></h2><h3 class="y4FzZb oxUh3d">Meet the communities of Kenya</h3></div><div class="yOHDud p0TSbe"><div class="GAvoBb"><div class="dxztSe" jsaction="JZCswc:PkMYQd;IBB03b:rXxpye;" jscontroller="dar0Ff" jsshadow><div class="bYeTje T0wJse" jsaction="click:RfjPw;" aria-hidden="true" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_4_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_leftArrow" data-gaeditorialindex="4" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="A4B6ub" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;;" jscontroller="V99V9" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="LKARhb"><path d="M20 11H7.83l5.59-5.59L12 4l-8 8 8 8 1.41-1.41L7.83 13H20v-2z"/><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"/></svg></span></div></div><div class="bYeTje CMCEae" jsaction="click:nDU51d;" aria-hidden="true" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_4_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_rightArrow" data-gaeditorialindex="4" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="A4B6ub" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;;" jscontroller="V99V9" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="LKARhb"><path d="M20 11H7.83l5.59-5.59L12 4l-8 8 8 8 1.41-1.41L7.83 13H20v-2z"/><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"/></svg></span></div></div><div class="z1JkWd NJ4rnc" jsname="vzJc7b"><span jsslot><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/JwWh0Lc7NlRtIQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Samburu Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_4_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/JwWh0Lc7NlRtIQ" data-gaeditorialindex="4" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QM4f8U-8cZaUm3_vgMB2EYlQtUbjBjJBIM74cC8m6OiMqnMsPJ0uCllaHs_4JEAnLsE727" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Samburu Community">The Samburu Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/_QUhYmz9Xi9vLA" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Ogiek Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_4_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/_QUhYmz9Xi9vLA" data-gaeditorialindex="4" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RKv6HlNe5mhem1_s_5lCvzyj0xYso7TiYBsjy7p2dl_bTyw4J8ZiggaeThUYocBjaafQXcng" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Ogiek Community">The Ogiek Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/qAVRxAllYVHzJg" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Swahili Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_4_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/qAVRxAllYVHzJg" data-gaeditorialindex="4" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_StB_qRzkiYrDEwFB2Ma9QJvNVfqHr72UjgofLO-2-sSIDvkTbUdQrwP-nAZ4eT1X74b8MhHg" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Swahili Community">The Swahili Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/qQUR6HqkIjAUIQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Kikuyu Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_4_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/qQUR6HqkIjAUIQ" data-gaeditorialindex="4" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QXSGAFtJBvF77zvw6OV9EINfweZ3WJlAXLYu5v7U7vaB20fx3MDKypaWyHmrz0SN4ldu8X" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Kikuyu Community">The Kikuyu Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/dQXRBRpBomHaLQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Maasai Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_4_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/dQXRBRpBomHaLQ" data-gaeditorialindex="4" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qj1A2KrMGOHwQ9zopPZzVZYO4cSaXk-BEwQQYwUGT9hjocMGHRIZiG5Hx0zKSJb4U9SEfT" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Maasai Community">The Maasai Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/ZAVhnBc0pHdLIA" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Kamba Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_4_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/ZAVhnBc0pHdLIA" data-gaeditorialindex="4" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QiaUU5GYEx9AqwUmf5LPDEMGE9wlgEJVYbXw6sPg3FOCZa0vekUmoNg2kFp0JeMIVJhzz8" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Kamba Community">The Kamba Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/SwXBbo_fCDvzLQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Kisii Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_4_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/SwXBbo_fCDvzLQ" data-gaeditorialindex="4" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SrQVHDruy-3ZNkTPQ7R8vojXl4ZCs1YE4l9LlQnTcqcEoBTF65bPDWXtvXIW_OmCAh7MwiGA" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Kisii Community">The Kisii Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/jQXRqt3He9KKLw" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Taita Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_4_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/jQXRqt3He9KKLw" data-gaeditorialindex="4" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Sqr0f5qBRhTT_CTk-cHoAt4SOJ-Q8AxvJOkDjOq6LHqbkSNHIkOTwDOXkfOpHOvF30B7d8gw" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Taita Community">The Taita Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/CwWBMhEi2AShKw" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Tharaka Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_4_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/CwWBMhEi2AShKw" data-gaeditorialindex="4" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qe2EsTfuNuJWDmwbfeucnx10FcSx97kUml909sFlQl3nSPEYklIfoBLESEVFxwKxcqKICI" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Tharaka Community">The Tharaka Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/nAWhmVwhw1XDIg" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Kuria Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_4_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/nAWhmVwhw1XDIg" data-gaeditorialindex="4" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QfqoRVm2BVCYAihbht_cFoJvbxaam4g1HirZ4RAjGWnlDwkxSFXJxBmPbJSouibnmLiwYC" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Kuria Community">The Kuria Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/CAXBQ3O8jTQMKQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Pokomo Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_4_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/CAXBQ3O8jTQMKQ" data-gaeditorialindex="4" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TtUfWQXanYHp95ztERieRbzY5XVS57u9lfMObCT8brtPjgnazuXYhWm6JZHkx-m2f1E293R74" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Pokomo Community">The Pokomo Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/UgXRfFy-HbgRJA" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Mbeere Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_4_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/UgXRfFy-HbgRJA" data-gaeditorialindex="4" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QgpZi90V_PIx9Dmf8_NlzRnrdK8wHiB6VfdEo0TTzWWonkTyYfcvtMy8qUp2hyUnnWH_LY" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Mbeere Community">The Mbeere Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/jQXxryGzsRkRKw" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Isukha Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_4_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/jQXxryGzsRkRKw" data-gaeditorialindex="4" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QNe6tztzmMx2uaxdi7Rhq0dRHfUmKAvySfA-QFO4cGZSUgYLodlISmrMn_e1a448SUpC5-fw" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Isukha Community">The Isukha Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/OQWxyu0nfiQxIg" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Digo Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_4_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/OQWxyu0nfiQxIg" data-gaeditorialindex="4" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SMql0QF0XyXxMTdn7ueXFvM1tiVhA6s1Q9_F2h7Cu_K5t9wpk_DxZOk6QbI28k9qbZnD-CZkQ" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Digo Community">The Digo Community</h3></div></span></a></div></span></div></div></div></div></div></section><section jscontroller="TMXtO" jsaction="B0tf1d:UVxRE;BVcIYb:xriZZd;BilGBc:CREi5e;htGtEd:zBFPOe;MFzXR:IF3MFb;JZCswc:PkMYQd;" data-lazy-load="true" jsmodel="nDkrdf" data-index="5" data-name="TilesRibbon" data-edu="06_09_22" data-pers="false" class="wWQRF"><div class="wsxVE LWxO0d"><div class="yOHDud p0TSbe"><div class="GAvoBb"><div class="dxztSe" jsaction="JZCswc:PkMYQd;IBB03b:rXxpye;" jscontroller="dar0Ff" jsshadow><div class="bYeTje T0wJse" jsaction="click:RfjPw;" aria-hidden="true" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_5_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_leftArrow" data-gaeditorialindex="5" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="A4B6ub" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;;" jscontroller="V99V9" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="LKARhb"><path d="M20 11H7.83l5.59-5.59L12 4l-8 8 8 8 1.41-1.41L7.83 13H20v-2z"/><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"/></svg></span></div></div><div class="bYeTje CMCEae" jsaction="click:nDU51d;" aria-hidden="true" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_5_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_rightArrow" data-gaeditorialindex="5" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="A4B6ub" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;;" jscontroller="V99V9" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="LKARhb"><path d="M20 11H7.83l5.59-5.59L12 4l-8 8 8 8 1.41-1.41L7.83 13H20v-2z"/><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"/></svg></span></div></div><div class="z1JkWd NJ4rnc" jsname="vzJc7b"><span jsslot><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/CQVxWZ0XYqhsIw" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Giriama Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_5_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/CQVxWZ0XYqhsIw" data-gaeditorialindex="5" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RdxYgv35nS-BJbDGRluOC85XTX3w3s3MixnZrxYXb3QHGXSU2AwIG_LuHFiBd_HfSnIDQL" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Giriama Community">The Giriama Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/jAVh6fPknHaVIw" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Somali Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_5_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/jAVh6fPknHaVIw" data-gaeditorialindex="5" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qx-FtBvnJsIrIzU_ZBUJsywmN0bpIfdCyJFyKIlLe9AIxyZ8Gb-527qR2yZKzemsnaCpfGiQ" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Somali Community">The Somali Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/5AXBFaAtZObRJA" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Tugen Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_5_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/5AXBFaAtZObRJA" data-gaeditorialindex="5" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RBvut8kQi7Eyl5fJ6oKVWXXVRKcAPyYVgGkRJA2d5FMVqGOMJBx0OhsH_Xf7gm_CXrLYPT" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Tugen Community">The Tugen Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/7QWRxv0EFVKDLg" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Luo Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_5_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/7QWRxv0EFVKDLg" data-gaeditorialindex="5" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QI4kArlzTvivS5UCCtGyH8y7I9N8ncpaWw5wnpRyYuMTOlTiJYCwuJjXSHTacKHpmqpFtc" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Luo Community">The Luo Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/BwVhTUOAGTqrKA" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Njemps Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_5_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/BwVhTUOAGTqrKA" data-gaeditorialindex="5" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RogiMgOnzWLGjIwY9PwHLrHWswEayH3q4YIIRc6zSaD_bWQdCQUN3YLRifL2mEpcVGetlb" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Njemps Community">The Njemps Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/bQVhzJJ5QTQNIg" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Turkana Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_5_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/bQVhzJJ5QTQNIg" data-gaeditorialindex="5" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QeFhsx7Z9zIbD4lWIdAHgd2WPAotxRD4SuP-S0CVuxurJA7DT3Ib8RCfvNip_DCtGLjrdg" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Turkana Community">The Turkana Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/jQUhOyf6zN3pIQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Borana Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_5_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/jQUhOyf6zN3pIQ" data-gaeditorialindex="5" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T-SXDMKguZ-m4Kal6uUQ85gM9KAE3UAXTcVEbkqrNTKPuCiFQR_KHCX6lyXLKuKqTGzigmXQ" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Borana Community">The Borana Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/JwWhe7Y5wdpmKQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The El Molo Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_5_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/JwWhe7Y5wdpmKQ" data-gaeditorialindex="5" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SNPQ9mUjb2ThVf2VRHCyCKkNcMEsaZbv7M3ouDbQwH6RGqF0jlwbByaI2o-wvVJZSm4fValKc" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The El Molo Community">The El Molo Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/dwWxJw5I_MdmJQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Nandi Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_5_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/dwWxJw5I_MdmJQ" data-gaeditorialindex="5" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T4VLl2NvqzSvmmWassd19ibM0OnE7nBR3wOISx5fmvvIPQSEOYoOPIRjSBSNHMDfhQQPLy" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Nandi Community">The Nandi Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/egUBo_oBeo4pJQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Marakwet Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_5_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/egUBo_oBeo4pJQ" data-gaeditorialindex="5" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rg8uaDisskLlD46watwhLwMQYuDOxWJJPFDcVlWP-PhC9bNHNd-pGr_SEq4K8KAA20-VUtuQ" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Marakwet Community">The Marakwet Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/JQUxg3EdG0VMIA" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Pokot Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_5_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/JQUxg3EdG0VMIA" data-gaeditorialindex="5" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SvG2QrFeC3jWJ0McqItBv0NIzhO86pTGOcRl0MlYVDiyBLYtA8Nz4nkIGiYaX8w9NWUaD3" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Pokot Community">The Pokot Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/6AVh6ut1duyJKQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Duruma Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_5_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/6AVh6ut1duyJKQ" data-gaeditorialindex="5" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R7TgCDoxLJb5LbOfm7NyLZ3-yk42oYq22z61ws91jkhv1vo0vSpoHpkKJOoupt-8BUiHRTmw" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Duruma Community">The Duruma Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/hgXhkxnFT7_MKg" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Kipsigis Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_5_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/hgXhkxnFT7_MKg" data-gaeditorialindex="5" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S6_YM4cKsM_pmA2flSVZmoCvwhHPXPX-u_3lQUM8_i2DhKiEUsu-MO7H4d1q5BMkDtqKz7CA" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Kipsigis Community">The Kipsigis Community</h3></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e t3RZAc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/qAVBPBOX66KTIA" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Bajun Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_5_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_TilesRibbon_/story/qAVBPBOX66KTIA" data-gaeditorialindex="5" data-gaeditorialname="TilesRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SMzak4v2T0DpEg1MIIL1D67PTfkhlextRqjmydZLmojbPLqB0Dmdrh0s69WTZrf562tAKYKg" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Bajun Community">The Bajun Community</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="National Museums of Kenya">National Museums of Kenya</h4></div></span></a></div></span></div></div></div></div></div></section><section jscontroller="TMXtO" jsaction="B0tf1d:UVxRE;BVcIYb:xriZZd;BilGBc:CREi5e;htGtEd:zBFPOe;MFzXR:IF3MFb;JZCswc:PkMYQd;" data-lazy-load="true" jsmodel="nDkrdf" data-index="6" data-name="SimpleStack" data-edu="06_09_22" data-pers="false" class="wWQRF" data-anchor="superhero"><div class="wsxVE LWxO0d"><div class="VDJ8te"><h2 class="erzEIf bHI58b"><span>The heroes from history</span></h2><h3 class="y4FzZb oxUh3d">Fighters for their communities’ land, freedom and spiritual well-being</h3></div><div class="yOHDud p0TSbe"><div class="uIrnse" jscontroller="dglYtc" jsaction="mouseover:enRSme(ibnC6b); mouseout:Eg1VOd(ibnC6b); touchstart:jcWz(ibnC6b);IBB03b:rXxpye;GvneHb:og1FDd;"><div class="lBGoSc" jsname="SmKAyb"><div class="gRX0ve" jsname="ibnC6b" data-index="0" data-steps-from-center="5" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_6_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialindex="6" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="G3jmoc lNZdwd"><div class="G3jmoc LHjn9e"><div class="G3jmoc O4DHN"><div class="G3jmoc gcG0rb oyCJYc"><div class="c2Yf5e NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/uwVBw7pK1GLTLQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Wayyuu Banoo" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_6_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack_/story/uwVBw7pK1GLTLQ" data-gaeditorialindex="6" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RgRL_OWKKWcjOvjjlTobufrLarb2sG1kDKwhUVjtieJRRxBbCe3l-XFlzixpZrzkpz3eRh" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="Wayyuu Banoo">Wayyuu Banoo</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The Waata Father of Hunting">The Waata Father of Hunting</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="n14XAf" jsname="VbfJvb"></div><div class="ZKg6we"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="gRX0ve" jsname="ibnC6b" data-index="1" data-steps-from-center="4" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_6_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialindex="6" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="G3jmoc lNZdwd"><div class="G3jmoc LHjn9e"><div class="G3jmoc O4DHN"><div class="G3jmoc gcG0rb oyCJYc"><div class="c2Yf5e NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/GwWxLDJUezlLIA" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Farmers of The Desert" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_6_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack_/story/GwWxLDJUezlLIA" data-gaeditorialindex="6" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RZ731kg8kKtjSWniu5yD6EuAy21GMHg3IOa8YCcpQhiwCddSFhazY9T4k-seOth-YyOSbJzg" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="Farmers of The Desert">Farmers of The Desert</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The Burji Farmers of The Desert">The Burji Farmers of The Desert</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="n14XAf" jsname="VbfJvb"></div><div class="ZKg6we"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="gRX0ve" jsname="ibnC6b" data-index="2" data-steps-from-center="3" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_6_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialindex="6" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="G3jmoc lNZdwd"><div class="G3jmoc LHjn9e"><div class="G3jmoc O4DHN"><div class="G3jmoc gcG0rb oyCJYc"><div class="c2Yf5e NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/hwWx6UKHD9e-JA" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Hiile Korichir" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_6_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack_/story/hwWx6UKHD9e-JA" data-gaeditorialindex="6" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QFehMGqsOHSdMjBJp73AAPP_txMD8xl9CskyIBnfWIyfVY37SrAtxYMqbyr59fMCFkyaoO8w" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="Hiile Korichir">Hiile Korichir</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The Daasanach Peace Ambassador">The Daasanach Peace Ambassador</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="n14XAf" jsname="VbfJvb"></div><div class="ZKg6we"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="gRX0ve" jsname="ibnC6b" data-index="3" data-steps-from-center="2" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_6_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialindex="6" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="G3jmoc lNZdwd"><div class="G3jmoc LHjn9e"><div class="G3jmoc O4DHN"><div class="G3jmoc gcG0rb oyCJYc"><div class="c2Yf5e NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/TgVRbMCRVs7kKQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Muyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassaniy" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_6_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack_/story/TgVRbMCRVs7kKQ" data-gaeditorialindex="6" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TXvgucZ8p3fmyMcIygnYCTyE0LPau3jWy0ZfRRVwMomTsj7OQNdjL3dU-her8dPWY2L3o6qA" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="Muyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassaniy">Muyaka Bin Haji Al-Ghassaniy</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The Star Swahili Poems">The Star Swahili Poems</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="n14XAf" jsname="VbfJvb"></div><div class="ZKg6we"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="gRX0ve" jsname="ibnC6b" data-index="4" data-steps-from-center="1" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_6_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialindex="6" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="G3jmoc lNZdwd"><div class="G3jmoc LHjn9e"><div class="G3jmoc O4DHN"><div class="G3jmoc gcG0rb oyCJYc"><div class="c2Yf5e NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/2QXBdspMV12wKQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Nayece" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_6_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack_/story/2QXBdspMV12wKQ" data-gaeditorialindex="6" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T_B8ZQoeNPkXn_fcLPzGgLYxd9_wjSWjjnVnfei_iWVxW45PG0PS84QjiXJ9jBkTNm1W6vBg" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="Nayece">Nayece</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The Mother of All Turkanas">The Mother of All Turkanas</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="n14XAf" jsname="VbfJvb"></div><div class="ZKg6we"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="gRX0ve s4l1N" jsname="ibnC6b" data-index="5" data-steps-from-center="0" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_6_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialindex="6" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="G3jmoc lNZdwd"><div class="G3jmoc LHjn9e"><div class="G3jmoc O4DHN"><div class="G3jmoc gcG0rb"><div class="c2Yf5e VkdScb NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pu2XisgPOcQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;;click:EBe6fc" jscontroller="V99V9" data-video-bgsrc="//i1.ytimg.com/vi/pu2XisgPOcQ/hqdefault.jpg" data-video-youtube-id="pu2XisgPOcQ" title="Mashujaa Wetu: Meet Kenya's Superheroes" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_6_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack_/asset/mashujaa-celebrate-the-communities-of-kenya/3QGslJbKd_R0kA" data-gaeditorialindex="6" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qga6UslmmuaeOQ3DUW40HNtn6lmIi6Oy6BqI5DNAb8rGo_CQqi3z8KSi3qOxSL5-JoHf5whw" data-ct="c"></div><div class="oPzwQ lXkFp"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" focusable="false" class=""><path d="M7 12.5 12.5 9 7 5.5v7ZM9 17a7.796 7.796 0 0 1-3.104-.625 8.28 8.28 0 0 1-2.563-1.708 8.28 8.28 0 0 1-1.708-2.563A7.797 7.797 0 0 1 1 9a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 .625-3.104 8.027 8.027 0 0 1 4.27-4.271A7.797 7.797 0 0 1 9 1a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 3.104.625c.972.417 1.82.993 2.542 1.73a7.86 7.86 0 0 1 1.729 2.54A7.7 7.7 0 0 1 17 9a7.797 7.797 0 0 1-.625 3.104 8.027 8.027 0 0 1-4.27 4.27A7.7 7.7 0 0 1 9 17.001Zm0-1.5c1.806 0 3.34-.632 4.604-1.896C14.868 12.34 15.5 10.806 15.5 9s-.632-3.34-1.896-4.604C12.34 3.132 10.806 2.5 9 2.5s-3.34.632-4.604 1.896C3.132 5.66 2.5 7.194 2.5 9s.632 3.34 1.896 4.604C5.66 14.868 7.194 15.5 9 15.5Z"/></svg></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="Mashujaa Wetu: Meet Kenya's Superheroes">Mashujaa Wetu: Meet Kenya's Superheroes</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="A journey through over 400 years of history and geography">A journey through over 400 years of history and geography</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="n14XAf" jsname="VbfJvb"></div><div class="ZKg6we"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="gRX0ve" jsname="ibnC6b" data-index="6" data-steps-from-center="1" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_6_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialindex="6" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="G3jmoc lNZdwd"><div class="G3jmoc LHjn9e"><div class="G3jmoc O4DHN"><div class="G3jmoc gcG0rb qrsiNe"><div class="c2Yf5e NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/7AVBaa0nrlblIQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Women Builders of Mana" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_6_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack_/story/7AVBaa0nrlblIQ" data-gaeditorialindex="6" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RFyygp4K3an3eplEjbRwZU44eidyCNWeep-8_prkJs4FIWJ5eyrxEnECb2rg0UiGnVoqg8Lg" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="Women Builders of Mana">Women Builders of Mana</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The Great Gabra Women Architects">The Great Gabra Women Architects</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="n14XAf" jsname="VbfJvb"></div><div class="ZKg6we"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="gRX0ve" jsname="ibnC6b" data-index="7" data-steps-from-center="2" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_6_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialindex="6" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="G3jmoc lNZdwd"><div class="G3jmoc LHjn9e"><div class="G3jmoc O4DHN"><div class="G3jmoc gcG0rb qrsiNe"><div class="c2Yf5e NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/RAXR8UXHznkNIw" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Untulo" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_6_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack_/story/RAXR8UXHznkNIw" data-gaeditorialindex="6" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SGsybijIxy_y8WxYIyT1AV8Qu0ushSUptrfsqizUrgmfPrubl1hnze9yZPyUvvqSuq1SYwxA" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="Untulo">Untulo</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The El-Molo Sharpshooter">The El-Molo Sharpshooter</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="n14XAf" jsname="VbfJvb"></div><div class="ZKg6we"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="gRX0ve" jsname="ibnC6b" data-index="8" data-steps-from-center="3" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_6_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialindex="6" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="G3jmoc lNZdwd"><div class="G3jmoc LHjn9e"><div class="G3jmoc O4DHN"><div class="G3jmoc gcG0rb qrsiNe"><div class="c2Yf5e NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/wAVxW7C6-LCKKQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Kote Golo" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_6_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack_/story/wAVxW7C6-LCKKQ" data-gaeditorialindex="6" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rhx4dBhkx1w8V0wXW6fAM53KN-ay1CqTJht8utGjjwq23nCrPhVUzki-txTyTgndQ3K7xLrG4" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="Kote Golo">Kote Golo</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The Sakuye Supreme Commander">The Sakuye Supreme Commander</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="n14XAf" jsname="VbfJvb"></div><div class="ZKg6we"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="gRX0ve" jsname="ibnC6b" data-index="9" data-steps-from-center="4" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_6_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialindex="6" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="G3jmoc lNZdwd"><div class="G3jmoc LHjn9e"><div class="G3jmoc O4DHN"><div class="G3jmoc gcG0rb qrsiNe"><div class="c2Yf5e NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/twWRBlbj0iuiLA" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Loolel Kookoi" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_6_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack_/story/twWRBlbj0iuiLA" data-gaeditorialindex="6" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Q0iE3nm8-LSjZ7rdtLVCMHOzCSLa91F7Xj5PLWUPG4U_LlAcYMRnbfOh_9VdUGnyrO183dLA" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="Loolel Kookoi">Loolel Kookoi</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="Loolel Kookoi:The Great Turkana Warrior">Loolel Kookoi:The Great Turkana Warrior</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="n14XAf" jsname="VbfJvb"></div><div class="ZKg6we"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section jscontroller="TMXtO" jsaction="B0tf1d:UVxRE;BVcIYb:xriZZd;BilGBc:CREi5e;htGtEd:zBFPOe;MFzXR:IF3MFb;JZCswc:PkMYQd;" data-lazy-load="true" jsmodel="nDkrdf" data-index="7" data-name="SmallBanner" data-edu="06_09_22" data-pers="false" class="wWQRF perj0e yh923d ysapGc"><div class="wsxVE LWxO0d"><div class="yOHDud p0TSbe"><div class="pRW4xf lXkFp"><div class="s9Cgjd"><div class="VDJ8te"><h2 class="erzEIf bHI58b"><span>See More Superheroes...</span></h2><h3 class="y4FzZb oxUh3d">Meet 61 historic heroes of the Kenyan communities</h3></div><div class="TuUn3c"><a class="e0WtYb o713je EanbMd FVIKjc" href="/project/kenyan-superheroes" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_7_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SmallBanner_/project/kenyan-superheroes" data-gaeditorialindex="7" data-gaeditorialname="SmallBanner" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR"><span>See them all</span></span></a></div></div><div class="VOsOob" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RLDE04Ilb_NObqbFyxSQmHqoZ10SVJXI3GC5iiTObPFTQTZDrzJNyxWO0qV4uUmhe31qoTx-A" data-cw="0.3668259084224701" data-ch="0.3163423240184784" data-mw="5760" data-mh="3240" data-xp="0.7466906905174255" data-yp="0.4011884927749634"></div><div class="m12Xbc"></div></div></div></div></section><section jscontroller="TMXtO" jsaction="B0tf1d:UVxRE;BVcIYb:xriZZd;BilGBc:CREi5e;htGtEd:zBFPOe;MFzXR:IF3MFb;JZCswc:PkMYQd;" data-lazy-load="true" jsmodel="nDkrdf" data-index="8" data-name="CardsRibbon" data-edu="06_09_22" data-pers="false" class="wWQRF LwLTbf"><div class="wsxVE LWxO0d"><div class="VDJ8te"><h2 class="erzEIf bHI58b"><span>Listen to their stories</span></h2><h3 class="y4FzZb oxUh3d">Speed of a cheetah, agility of a cobra, strength of a rhino</h3></div><div class="yOHDud p0TSbe"><div class="AqOCId"><div class="dxztSe" jsaction="JZCswc:PkMYQd;IBB03b:rXxpye;" jscontroller="dar0Ff" data-center-on="C5m2fc" jsshadow><div class="bYeTje T0wJse" jsaction="click:RfjPw;" aria-hidden="true" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_8_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_leftArrow" data-gaeditorialindex="8" data-gaeditorialname="CardsRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="A4B6ub" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;;" jscontroller="V99V9" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="LKARhb"><path d="M20 11H7.83l5.59-5.59L12 4l-8 8 8 8 1.41-1.41L7.83 13H20v-2z"/><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"/></svg></span></div></div><div class="bYeTje CMCEae" jsaction="click:nDU51d;" aria-hidden="true" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_8_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_rightArrow" data-gaeditorialindex="8" data-gaeditorialname="CardsRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="A4B6ub" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;;" jscontroller="V99V9" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="LKARhb"><path d="M20 11H7.83l5.59-5.59L12 4l-8 8 8 8 1.41-1.41L7.83 13H20v-2z"/><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"/></svg></span></div></div><div class="z1JkWd NJ4rnc" jsname="vzJc7b"><span jsslot><div class="c2Yf5e VkdScb iI1ZM"><a class="e0WtYb" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XZ-bb5OOk4" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;;click:EBe6fc" jscontroller="V99V9" data-video-bgsrc="//i4.ytimg.com/vi/3XZ-bb5OOk4/hqdefault.jpg" data-video-youtube-id="3XZ-bb5OOk4" title="Gasara Winn" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_8_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_item_1_/asset/gasara-winn-protector-of-the-boni-forest-boni-community-shujaa-stories/xwE2zLx0q2bn2A" data-gaeditorialindex="8" data-gaeditorialname="CardsRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RaCxh2vifYWZjSE1TzWkSD06UJcb33Z1NP_y7vPdaeJJvV3bRsdgGJc2lv4UEO996MstiS" data-ct="c" data-cw="0.44655171036720276" data-ch="0.17849305272102356" data-mw="2900" data-mh="4101" data-xp="0.39281147718429565" data-yp="0.2838689982891083"></div><div class="oPzwQ lXkFp"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" focusable="false" class=""><path d="M7 12.5 12.5 9 7 5.5v7ZM9 17a7.796 7.796 0 0 1-3.104-.625 8.28 8.28 0 0 1-2.563-1.708 8.28 8.28 0 0 1-1.708-2.563A7.797 7.797 0 0 1 1 9a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 .625-3.104 8.027 8.027 0 0 1 4.27-4.271A7.797 7.797 0 0 1 9 1a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 3.104.625c.972.417 1.82.993 2.542 1.73a7.86 7.86 0 0 1 1.729 2.54A7.7 7.7 0 0 1 17 9a7.797 7.797 0 0 1-.625 3.104 8.027 8.027 0 0 1-4.27 4.27A7.7 7.7 0 0 1 9 17.001Zm0-1.5c1.806 0 3.34-.632 4.604-1.896C14.868 12.34 15.5 10.806 15.5 9s-.632-3.34-1.896-4.604C12.34 3.132 10.806 2.5 9 2.5s-3.34.632-4.604 1.896C3.132 5.66 2.5 7.194 2.5 9s.632 3.34 1.896 4.604C5.66 14.868 7.194 15.5 9 15.5Z"/></svg></div></div><div class="vxLcHb mKJNXe"><span class="M2QpMe">Listen</span><h3 class="icXnic" title="Gasara Winn">Gasara Winn</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="Protector of The Boni Forest">Protector of The Boni Forest</h4></div></span></a><div class="cCNe0 lXkFp" jscontroller="acWgwb" jsaction="JIbuQc:UEmoBd; click: UEmoBd(ru89He),UEmoBd(FQhpwf);R7KM6d:r1oohb;AqyeSc:wiqaSb;" data-title="Gasara Winn" data-url="/asset/gasara-winn-protector-of-the-boni-forest-boni-community-shujaa-stories/xwE2zLx0q2bn2A" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_item_1_/asset/gasara-winn-protector-of-the-boni-forest-boni-community-shujaa-stories/xwE2zLx0q2bn2A" data-image="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RaCxh2vifYWZjSE1TzWkSD06UJcb33Z1NP_y7vPdaeJJvV3bRsdgGJc2lv4UEO996MstiS"><div role="button" class="U26fgb mUbCce fKz7Od rw97Ub B0hYxd iT6Vrc M9Bg4d" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd(preventDefault=true); mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue; focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;" jsshadow jsname="ymIaV" aria-label="Share "Gasara Winn"" aria-disabled="false" tabindex="0" title="Share"><div class="VTBa7b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="xjKiLb"><span class="Ce1Y1c" style="top: -12px"><svg width="18" height="20" class="Wdgiwc"><path d="M15 14c-.79 0-1.5.31-2.03.81L5.91 10.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.53.5 1.25.81 2.04.81 1.66 0 3-1.34 3-3s-1.34-3-3-3-3 1.34-3 3c0 .24.04.48.09.7L5.04 7.81C4.5 7.31 3.79 7 3 7c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.05 4.12c-.05.22-.09.45-.09.69 0 1.66 1.34 3 3 3s3-1.34 3-3-1.34-3-3-3zm0-12c.55 0 1 .45 1 1s-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1zM3 11c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1zm12 7c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1z"/></svg></span></span></div></div></div><div class="c2Yf5e VkdScb iI1ZM"><a class="e0WtYb" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N_DzcqHu1Ng" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;;click:EBe6fc" jscontroller="V99V9" data-video-bgsrc="//i3.ytimg.com/vi/N_DzcqHu1Ng/hqdefault.jpg" data-video-youtube-id="N_DzcqHu1Ng" title="Gor Mahia" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_8_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_item_2_/asset/gor-mahia-the-powerful-magician-luo-community-shujaa-stories/LgFEbYG6oPSHOA" data-gaeditorialindex="8" data-gaeditorialname="CardsRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T583JZcGZfKj07QDRTMZw2UEWnVKVrk7YGeHVcyus0ItcyBnglcWZhxGjVMQy2WCTZw87W" data-ct="c" data-cw="0.7628966569900513" data-ch="0.3052233159542084" data-mw="2900" data-mh="4101" data-xp="0.4801684617996216" data-yp="0.29908493161201477"></div><div class="oPzwQ lXkFp"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" focusable="false" class=""><path d="M7 12.5 12.5 9 7 5.5v7ZM9 17a7.796 7.796 0 0 1-3.104-.625 8.28 8.28 0 0 1-2.563-1.708 8.28 8.28 0 0 1-1.708-2.563A7.797 7.797 0 0 1 1 9a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 .625-3.104 8.027 8.027 0 0 1 4.27-4.271A7.797 7.797 0 0 1 9 1a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 3.104.625c.972.417 1.82.993 2.542 1.73a7.86 7.86 0 0 1 1.729 2.54A7.7 7.7 0 0 1 17 9a7.797 7.797 0 0 1-.625 3.104 8.027 8.027 0 0 1-4.27 4.27A7.7 7.7 0 0 1 9 17.001Zm0-1.5c1.806 0 3.34-.632 4.604-1.896C14.868 12.34 15.5 10.806 15.5 9s-.632-3.34-1.896-4.604C12.34 3.132 10.806 2.5 9 2.5s-3.34.632-4.604 1.896C3.132 5.66 2.5 7.194 2.5 9s.632 3.34 1.896 4.604C5.66 14.868 7.194 15.5 9 15.5Z"/></svg></div></div><div class="vxLcHb mKJNXe"><span class="M2QpMe">Listen</span><h3 class="icXnic" title="Gor Mahia">Gor Mahia</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The Powerful Luo Magician">The Powerful Luo Magician</h4></div></span></a><div class="cCNe0 lXkFp" jscontroller="acWgwb" jsaction="JIbuQc:UEmoBd; click: UEmoBd(ru89He),UEmoBd(FQhpwf);R7KM6d:r1oohb;AqyeSc:wiqaSb;" data-title="Gor Mahia" data-url="/asset/gor-mahia-the-powerful-magician-luo-community-shujaa-stories/LgFEbYG6oPSHOA" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_item_2_/asset/gor-mahia-the-powerful-magician-luo-community-shujaa-stories/LgFEbYG6oPSHOA" data-image="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T583JZcGZfKj07QDRTMZw2UEWnVKVrk7YGeHVcyus0ItcyBnglcWZhxGjVMQy2WCTZw87W"><div role="button" class="U26fgb mUbCce fKz7Od rw97Ub B0hYxd iT6Vrc M9Bg4d" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd(preventDefault=true); mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue; focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;" jsshadow jsname="ymIaV" aria-label="Share "Gor Mahia"" aria-disabled="false" tabindex="0" title="Share"><div class="VTBa7b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="xjKiLb"><span class="Ce1Y1c" style="top: -12px"><svg width="18" height="20" class="Wdgiwc"><path d="M15 14c-.79 0-1.5.31-2.03.81L5.91 10.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.53.5 1.25.81 2.04.81 1.66 0 3-1.34 3-3s-1.34-3-3-3-3 1.34-3 3c0 .24.04.48.09.7L5.04 7.81C4.5 7.31 3.79 7 3 7c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.05 4.12c-.05.22-.09.45-.09.69 0 1.66 1.34 3 3 3s3-1.34 3-3-1.34-3-3-3zm0-12c.55 0 1 .45 1 1s-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1zM3 11c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1zm12 7c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1z"/></svg></span></span></div></div></div><div class="c2Yf5e VkdScb iI1ZM"><a class="e0WtYb" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FwNi1Lu6Mgc" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;;click:EBe6fc" jscontroller="V99V9" data-video-bgsrc="//i3.ytimg.com/vi/FwNi1Lu6Mgc/hqdefault.jpg" data-video-youtube-id="FwNi1Lu6Mgc" title="Hiile Korichir" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_8_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_item_3_/asset/hiile-korichir-the-peace-ambassador-daasanach-community-shujaa-stories/vgGN6WI1r7V4HQ" data-gaeditorialindex="8" data-gaeditorialname="CardsRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="//i3.ytimg.com/vi/FwNi1Lu6Mgc/hqdefault.jpg" data-ct="c"></div><div class="oPzwQ lXkFp"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" focusable="false" class=""><path d="M7 12.5 12.5 9 7 5.5v7ZM9 17a7.796 7.796 0 0 1-3.104-.625 8.28 8.28 0 0 1-2.563-1.708 8.28 8.28 0 0 1-1.708-2.563A7.797 7.797 0 0 1 1 9a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 .625-3.104 8.027 8.027 0 0 1 4.27-4.271A7.797 7.797 0 0 1 9 1a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 3.104.625c.972.417 1.82.993 2.542 1.73a7.86 7.86 0 0 1 1.729 2.54A7.7 7.7 0 0 1 17 9a7.797 7.797 0 0 1-.625 3.104 8.027 8.027 0 0 1-4.27 4.27A7.7 7.7 0 0 1 9 17.001Zm0-1.5c1.806 0 3.34-.632 4.604-1.896C14.868 12.34 15.5 10.806 15.5 9s-.632-3.34-1.896-4.604C12.34 3.132 10.806 2.5 9 2.5s-3.34.632-4.604 1.896C3.132 5.66 2.5 7.194 2.5 9s.632 3.34 1.896 4.604C5.66 14.868 7.194 15.5 9 15.5Z"/></svg></div></div><div class="vxLcHb mKJNXe"><span class="M2QpMe">Listen</span><h3 class="icXnic" title="Hiile Korichir">Hiile Korichir</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The Daasanach Peace Ambassador">The Daasanach Peace Ambassador</h4></div></span></a><div class="cCNe0 lXkFp" jscontroller="acWgwb" jsaction="JIbuQc:UEmoBd; click: UEmoBd(ru89He),UEmoBd(FQhpwf);R7KM6d:r1oohb;AqyeSc:wiqaSb;" data-title="Hiile Korichir" data-url="/asset/hiile-korichir-the-peace-ambassador-daasanach-community-shujaa-stories/vgGN6WI1r7V4HQ" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_item_3_/asset/hiile-korichir-the-peace-ambassador-daasanach-community-shujaa-stories/vgGN6WI1r7V4HQ" data-image="//i3.ytimg.com/vi/FwNi1Lu6Mgc/hqdefault.jpg"><div role="button" class="U26fgb mUbCce fKz7Od rw97Ub B0hYxd iT6Vrc M9Bg4d" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd(preventDefault=true); mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue; focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;" jsshadow jsname="ymIaV" aria-label="Share "Hiile Korichir"" aria-disabled="false" tabindex="0" title="Share"><div class="VTBa7b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="xjKiLb"><span class="Ce1Y1c" style="top: -12px"><svg width="18" height="20" class="Wdgiwc"><path d="M15 14c-.79 0-1.5.31-2.03.81L5.91 10.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.53.5 1.25.81 2.04.81 1.66 0 3-1.34 3-3s-1.34-3-3-3-3 1.34-3 3c0 .24.04.48.09.7L5.04 7.81C4.5 7.31 3.79 7 3 7c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.05 4.12c-.05.22-.09.45-.09.69 0 1.66 1.34 3 3 3s3-1.34 3-3-1.34-3-3-3zm0-12c.55 0 1 .45 1 1s-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1zM3 11c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1zm12 7c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1z"/></svg></span></span></div></div></div><div class="c2Yf5e VkdScb iI1ZM"><a class="e0WtYb" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ft4A2CBNvHM" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;;click:EBe6fc" jscontroller="V99V9" data-video-bgsrc="//i3.ytimg.com/vi/ft4A2CBNvHM/hqdefault.jpg" data-video-youtube-id="ft4A2CBNvHM" title="Women Builders of Mana" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_8_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_item_4_/asset/women-builders-of-mana-great-women-architects-gabra-community/TQEsojWMOiv5gg" data-gaeditorialindex="8" data-gaeditorialname="CardsRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RFyygp4K3an3eplEjbRwZU44eidyCNWeep-8_prkJs4FIWJ5eyrxEnECb2rg0UiGnVoqg8Lg" data-ct="c" data-cw="0.44655171036720276" data-ch="0.17849305272102356" data-mw="2900" data-mh="4101" data-xp="0.5234481692314148" data-yp="0.1921420693397522"></div><div class="oPzwQ lXkFp"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" focusable="false" class=""><path d="M7 12.5 12.5 9 7 5.5v7ZM9 17a7.796 7.796 0 0 1-3.104-.625 8.28 8.28 0 0 1-2.563-1.708 8.28 8.28 0 0 1-1.708-2.563A7.797 7.797 0 0 1 1 9a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 .625-3.104 8.027 8.027 0 0 1 4.27-4.271A7.797 7.797 0 0 1 9 1a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 3.104.625c.972.417 1.82.993 2.542 1.73a7.86 7.86 0 0 1 1.729 2.54A7.7 7.7 0 0 1 17 9a7.797 7.797 0 0 1-.625 3.104 8.027 8.027 0 0 1-4.27 4.27A7.7 7.7 0 0 1 9 17.001Zm0-1.5c1.806 0 3.34-.632 4.604-1.896C14.868 12.34 15.5 10.806 15.5 9s-.632-3.34-1.896-4.604C12.34 3.132 10.806 2.5 9 2.5s-3.34.632-4.604 1.896C3.132 5.66 2.5 7.194 2.5 9s.632 3.34 1.896 4.604C5.66 14.868 7.194 15.5 9 15.5Z"/></svg></div></div><div class="vxLcHb mKJNXe"><span class="M2QpMe">Listen</span><h3 class="icXnic" title="Women Builders of Mana">Women Builders of Mana</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The Great Gabra Women Architects">The Great Gabra Women Architects</h4></div></span></a><div class="cCNe0 lXkFp" jscontroller="acWgwb" jsaction="JIbuQc:UEmoBd; click: UEmoBd(ru89He),UEmoBd(FQhpwf);R7KM6d:r1oohb;AqyeSc:wiqaSb;" data-title="Women Builders of Mana" data-url="/asset/women-builders-of-mana-great-women-architects-gabra-community/TQEsojWMOiv5gg" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_item_4_/asset/women-builders-of-mana-great-women-architects-gabra-community/TQEsojWMOiv5gg" data-image="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RFyygp4K3an3eplEjbRwZU44eidyCNWeep-8_prkJs4FIWJ5eyrxEnECb2rg0UiGnVoqg8Lg"><div role="button" class="U26fgb mUbCce fKz7Od rw97Ub B0hYxd iT6Vrc M9Bg4d" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd(preventDefault=true); mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue; focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;" jsshadow jsname="ymIaV" aria-label="Share "Women Builders of Mana"" aria-disabled="false" tabindex="0" title="Share"><div class="VTBa7b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="xjKiLb"><span class="Ce1Y1c" style="top: -12px"><svg width="18" height="20" class="Wdgiwc"><path d="M15 14c-.79 0-1.5.31-2.03.81L5.91 10.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.53.5 1.25.81 2.04.81 1.66 0 3-1.34 3-3s-1.34-3-3-3-3 1.34-3 3c0 .24.04.48.09.7L5.04 7.81C4.5 7.31 3.79 7 3 7c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.05 4.12c-.05.22-.09.45-.09.69 0 1.66 1.34 3 3 3s3-1.34 3-3-1.34-3-3-3zm0-12c.55 0 1 .45 1 1s-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1zM3 11c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1zm12 7c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1z"/></svg></span></span></div></div></div><div class="c2Yf5e VkdScb iI1ZM"><a class="e0WtYb" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LvHa8yfviw4" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;;click:EBe6fc" jscontroller="V99V9" data-video-bgsrc="//i1.ytimg.com/vi/LvHa8yfviw4/hqdefault.jpg" data-video-youtube-id="LvHa8yfviw4" title="Kote Golo" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_8_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_item_5_/asset/kote-golo-supreme-commander-sakuye-community/fgF47Zs8C5Y2pw" data-gaeditorialindex="8" data-gaeditorialname="CardsRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rhx4dBhkx1w8V0wXW6fAM53KN-ay1CqTJht8utGjjwq23nCrPhVUzki-txTyTgndQ3K7xLrG4" data-ct="c" data-cw="0.8053815960884094" data-ch="0.32222089171409607" data-mw="2900" data-mh="4101" data-xp="0.5202453136444092" data-yp="0.22380143404006958"></div><div class="oPzwQ lXkFp"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" focusable="false" class=""><path d="M7 12.5 12.5 9 7 5.5v7ZM9 17a7.796 7.796 0 0 1-3.104-.625 8.28 8.28 0 0 1-2.563-1.708 8.28 8.28 0 0 1-1.708-2.563A7.797 7.797 0 0 1 1 9a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 .625-3.104 8.027 8.027 0 0 1 4.27-4.271A7.797 7.797 0 0 1 9 1a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 3.104.625c.972.417 1.82.993 2.542 1.73a7.86 7.86 0 0 1 1.729 2.54A7.7 7.7 0 0 1 17 9a7.797 7.797 0 0 1-.625 3.104 8.027 8.027 0 0 1-4.27 4.27A7.7 7.7 0 0 1 9 17.001Zm0-1.5c1.806 0 3.34-.632 4.604-1.896C14.868 12.34 15.5 10.806 15.5 9s-.632-3.34-1.896-4.604C12.34 3.132 10.806 2.5 9 2.5s-3.34.632-4.604 1.896C3.132 5.66 2.5 7.194 2.5 9s.632 3.34 1.896 4.604C5.66 14.868 7.194 15.5 9 15.5Z"/></svg></div></div><div class="vxLcHb mKJNXe"><span class="M2QpMe">Listen</span><h3 class="icXnic" title="Kote Golo">Kote Golo</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The Sakuye Supreme Commander">The Sakuye Supreme Commander</h4></div></span></a><div class="cCNe0 lXkFp" jscontroller="acWgwb" jsaction="JIbuQc:UEmoBd; click: UEmoBd(ru89He),UEmoBd(FQhpwf);R7KM6d:r1oohb;AqyeSc:wiqaSb;" data-title="Kote Golo" data-url="/asset/kote-golo-supreme-commander-sakuye-community/fgF47Zs8C5Y2pw" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_item_5_/asset/kote-golo-supreme-commander-sakuye-community/fgF47Zs8C5Y2pw" data-image="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rhx4dBhkx1w8V0wXW6fAM53KN-ay1CqTJht8utGjjwq23nCrPhVUzki-txTyTgndQ3K7xLrG4"><div role="button" class="U26fgb mUbCce fKz7Od rw97Ub B0hYxd iT6Vrc M9Bg4d" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd(preventDefault=true); mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue; focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;" jsshadow jsname="ymIaV" aria-label="Share "Kote Golo"" aria-disabled="false" tabindex="0" title="Share"><div class="VTBa7b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="xjKiLb"><span class="Ce1Y1c" style="top: -12px"><svg width="18" height="20" class="Wdgiwc"><path d="M15 14c-.79 0-1.5.31-2.03.81L5.91 10.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.53.5 1.25.81 2.04.81 1.66 0 3-1.34 3-3s-1.34-3-3-3-3 1.34-3 3c0 .24.04.48.09.7L5.04 7.81C4.5 7.31 3.79 7 3 7c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.05 4.12c-.05.22-.09.45-.09.69 0 1.66 1.34 3 3 3s3-1.34 3-3-1.34-3-3-3zm0-12c.55 0 1 .45 1 1s-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1zM3 11c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1zm12 7c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1z"/></svg></span></span></div></div></div></span></div></div></div></div></div></section><section jscontroller="TMXtO" jsaction="B0tf1d:UVxRE;BVcIYb:xriZZd;BilGBc:CREi5e;htGtEd:zBFPOe;MFzXR:IF3MFb;JZCswc:PkMYQd;" data-lazy-load="true" jsmodel="nDkrdf" data-index="9" data-name="CardsRibbon" data-edu="06_09_22" data-pers="false" class="wWQRF"><div class="wsxVE LWxO0d"><div class="yOHDud p0TSbe"><div class="AqOCId"><div class="dxztSe" jsaction="JZCswc:PkMYQd;IBB03b:rXxpye;" jscontroller="dar0Ff" data-center-on="C5m2fc" jsshadow><div class="bYeTje T0wJse" jsaction="click:RfjPw;" aria-hidden="true" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_9_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_leftArrow" data-gaeditorialindex="9" data-gaeditorialname="CardsRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="A4B6ub" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;;" jscontroller="V99V9" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="LKARhb"><path d="M20 11H7.83l5.59-5.59L12 4l-8 8 8 8 1.41-1.41L7.83 13H20v-2z"/><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"/></svg></span></div></div><div class="bYeTje CMCEae" jsaction="click:nDU51d;" aria-hidden="true" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_9_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_rightArrow" data-gaeditorialindex="9" data-gaeditorialname="CardsRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="A4B6ub" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;;" jscontroller="V99V9" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" class="LKARhb"><path d="M20 11H7.83l5.59-5.59L12 4l-8 8 8 8 1.41-1.41L7.83 13H20v-2z"/><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"/></svg></span></div></div><div class="z1JkWd NJ4rnc" jsname="vzJc7b"><span jsslot><div class="c2Yf5e VkdScb iI1ZM"><a class="e0WtYb" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fszzqBMfp2U" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;;click:EBe6fc" jscontroller="V99V9" data-video-bgsrc="//i3.ytimg.com/vi/fszzqBMfp2U/hqdefault.jpg" data-video-youtube-id="fszzqBMfp2U" title="Chief Mukudi" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_9_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_item_1_/asset/chief-mukudi-the-chief’s-star-samia-community-shujaa-stories/KgEf-Y-AU3bv6w" data-gaeditorialindex="9" data-gaeditorialname="CardsRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TkbthsuL8f5yi2trw4tNc-X4JjE_IAPfisyUErgHJ2at3EGfOttHwLfIZJDb0MI60-m9LDZfk" data-ct="c" data-cw="0.44655171036720276" data-ch="0.17849305272102356" data-mw="2900" data-mh="4101" data-xp="0.4558980464935303" data-yp="0.21373607218265533"></div><div class="oPzwQ lXkFp"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" focusable="false" class=""><path d="M7 12.5 12.5 9 7 5.5v7ZM9 17a7.796 7.796 0 0 1-3.104-.625 8.28 8.28 0 0 1-2.563-1.708 8.28 8.28 0 0 1-1.708-2.563A7.797 7.797 0 0 1 1 9a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 .625-3.104 8.027 8.027 0 0 1 4.27-4.271A7.797 7.797 0 0 1 9 1a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 3.104.625c.972.417 1.82.993 2.542 1.73a7.86 7.86 0 0 1 1.729 2.54A7.7 7.7 0 0 1 17 9a7.797 7.797 0 0 1-.625 3.104 8.027 8.027 0 0 1-4.27 4.27A7.7 7.7 0 0 1 9 17.001Zm0-1.5c1.806 0 3.34-.632 4.604-1.896C14.868 12.34 15.5 10.806 15.5 9s-.632-3.34-1.896-4.604C12.34 3.132 10.806 2.5 9 2.5s-3.34.632-4.604 1.896C3.132 5.66 2.5 7.194 2.5 9s.632 3.34 1.896 4.604C5.66 14.868 7.194 15.5 9 15.5Z"/></svg></div></div><div class="vxLcHb mKJNXe"><span class="M2QpMe">Listen</span><h3 class="icXnic" title="Chief Mukudi">Chief Mukudi</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The Samia Chief’s Star">The Samia Chief’s Star</h4></div></span></a><div class="cCNe0 lXkFp" jscontroller="acWgwb" jsaction="JIbuQc:UEmoBd; click: UEmoBd(ru89He),UEmoBd(FQhpwf);R7KM6d:r1oohb;AqyeSc:wiqaSb;" data-title="Chief Mukudi" data-url="/asset/chief-mukudi-the-chief’s-star-samia-community-shujaa-stories/KgEf-Y-AU3bv6w" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_item_1_/asset/chief-mukudi-the-chief’s-star-samia-community-shujaa-stories/KgEf-Y-AU3bv6w" data-image="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TkbthsuL8f5yi2trw4tNc-X4JjE_IAPfisyUErgHJ2at3EGfOttHwLfIZJDb0MI60-m9LDZfk"><div role="button" class="U26fgb mUbCce fKz7Od rw97Ub B0hYxd iT6Vrc M9Bg4d" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd(preventDefault=true); mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue; focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;" jsshadow jsname="ymIaV" aria-label="Share "Chief Mukudi"" aria-disabled="false" tabindex="0" title="Share"><div class="VTBa7b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="xjKiLb"><span class="Ce1Y1c" style="top: -12px"><svg width="18" height="20" class="Wdgiwc"><path d="M15 14c-.79 0-1.5.31-2.03.81L5.91 10.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.53.5 1.25.81 2.04.81 1.66 0 3-1.34 3-3s-1.34-3-3-3-3 1.34-3 3c0 .24.04.48.09.7L5.04 7.81C4.5 7.31 3.79 7 3 7c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.05 4.12c-.05.22-.09.45-.09.69 0 1.66 1.34 3 3 3s3-1.34 3-3-1.34-3-3-3zm0-12c.55 0 1 .45 1 1s-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1zM3 11c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1zm12 7c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1z"/></svg></span></span></div></div></div><div class="c2Yf5e VkdScb iI1ZM"><a class="e0WtYb" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0HafO4LRm5M" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;;click:EBe6fc" jscontroller="V99V9" data-video-bgsrc="//i1.ytimg.com/vi/0HafO4LRm5M/hqdefault.jpg" data-video-youtube-id="0HafO4LRm5M" title="The Makonde" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_9_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_item_2_/asset/the-makonde-the-mystical-sculptors-makonde-community-shujaa-stories/VwGl2uc8QcTVQA" data-gaeditorialindex="9" data-gaeditorialname="CardsRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SgyEiJPnci64wBh9_MFKAu96OfOEVAhNjbgIR08AeUig3BWEFriIBBI2rpm4V6fLFz7n_v93w" data-ct="c" data-cw="0.8231468200683594" data-ch="0.3289217948913574" data-mw="2900" data-mh="4101" data-xp="0.49481797218322754" data-yp="0.39478063583374023"></div><div class="oPzwQ lXkFp"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" focusable="false" class=""><path d="M7 12.5 12.5 9 7 5.5v7ZM9 17a7.796 7.796 0 0 1-3.104-.625 8.28 8.28 0 0 1-2.563-1.708 8.28 8.28 0 0 1-1.708-2.563A7.797 7.797 0 0 1 1 9a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 .625-3.104 8.027 8.027 0 0 1 4.27-4.271A7.797 7.797 0 0 1 9 1a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 3.104.625c.972.417 1.82.993 2.542 1.73a7.86 7.86 0 0 1 1.729 2.54A7.7 7.7 0 0 1 17 9a7.797 7.797 0 0 1-.625 3.104 8.027 8.027 0 0 1-4.27 4.27A7.7 7.7 0 0 1 9 17.001Zm0-1.5c1.806 0 3.34-.632 4.604-1.896C14.868 12.34 15.5 10.806 15.5 9s-.632-3.34-1.896-4.604C12.34 3.132 10.806 2.5 9 2.5s-3.34.632-4.604 1.896C3.132 5.66 2.5 7.194 2.5 9s.632 3.34 1.896 4.604C5.66 14.868 7.194 15.5 9 15.5Z"/></svg></div></div><div class="vxLcHb mKJNXe"><span class="M2QpMe">Listen</span><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Makonde">The Makonde</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The Mystical Makonde Sculptors">The Mystical Makonde Sculptors</h4></div></span></a><div class="cCNe0 lXkFp" jscontroller="acWgwb" jsaction="JIbuQc:UEmoBd; click: UEmoBd(ru89He),UEmoBd(FQhpwf);R7KM6d:r1oohb;AqyeSc:wiqaSb;" data-title="The Makonde" data-url="/asset/the-makonde-the-mystical-sculptors-makonde-community-shujaa-stories/VwGl2uc8QcTVQA" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_item_2_/asset/the-makonde-the-mystical-sculptors-makonde-community-shujaa-stories/VwGl2uc8QcTVQA" data-image="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SgyEiJPnci64wBh9_MFKAu96OfOEVAhNjbgIR08AeUig3BWEFriIBBI2rpm4V6fLFz7n_v93w"><div role="button" class="U26fgb mUbCce fKz7Od rw97Ub B0hYxd iT6Vrc M9Bg4d" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd(preventDefault=true); mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue; focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;" jsshadow jsname="ymIaV" aria-label="Share "The Makonde"" aria-disabled="false" tabindex="0" title="Share"><div class="VTBa7b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="xjKiLb"><span class="Ce1Y1c" style="top: -12px"><svg width="18" height="20" class="Wdgiwc"><path d="M15 14c-.79 0-1.5.31-2.03.81L5.91 10.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.53.5 1.25.81 2.04.81 1.66 0 3-1.34 3-3s-1.34-3-3-3-3 1.34-3 3c0 .24.04.48.09.7L5.04 7.81C4.5 7.31 3.79 7 3 7c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.05 4.12c-.05.22-.09.45-.09.69 0 1.66 1.34 3 3 3s3-1.34 3-3-1.34-3-3-3zm0-12c.55 0 1 .45 1 1s-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1zM3 11c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1zm12 7c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1z"/></svg></span></span></div></div></div><div class="c2Yf5e VkdScb iI1ZM"><a class="e0WtYb" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vpi3oZf8iJs" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;;click:EBe6fc" jscontroller="V99V9" data-video-bgsrc="//i3.ytimg.com/vi/Vpi3oZf8iJs/hqdefault.jpg" data-video-youtube-id="Vpi3oZf8iJs" title="Mwamsimburi" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_9_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_item_3_/asset/mwamsimburi-the-fiery-leader-segeju-community/QQGj2vNYjFIHzg" data-gaeditorialindex="9" data-gaeditorialname="CardsRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="//i3.ytimg.com/vi/Vpi3oZf8iJs/hqdefault.jpg" data-ct="c"></div><div class="oPzwQ lXkFp"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" focusable="false" class=""><path d="M7 12.5 12.5 9 7 5.5v7ZM9 17a7.796 7.796 0 0 1-3.104-.625 8.28 8.28 0 0 1-2.563-1.708 8.28 8.28 0 0 1-1.708-2.563A7.797 7.797 0 0 1 1 9a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 .625-3.104 8.027 8.027 0 0 1 4.27-4.271A7.797 7.797 0 0 1 9 1a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 3.104.625c.972.417 1.82.993 2.542 1.73a7.86 7.86 0 0 1 1.729 2.54A7.7 7.7 0 0 1 17 9a7.797 7.797 0 0 1-.625 3.104 8.027 8.027 0 0 1-4.27 4.27A7.7 7.7 0 0 1 9 17.001Zm0-1.5c1.806 0 3.34-.632 4.604-1.896C14.868 12.34 15.5 10.806 15.5 9s-.632-3.34-1.896-4.604C12.34 3.132 10.806 2.5 9 2.5s-3.34.632-4.604 1.896C3.132 5.66 2.5 7.194 2.5 9s.632 3.34 1.896 4.604C5.66 14.868 7.194 15.5 9 15.5Z"/></svg></div></div><div class="vxLcHb mKJNXe"><span class="M2QpMe">Listen</span><h3 class="icXnic" title="Mwamsimburi">Mwamsimburi</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The Fiery Segeju Leader">The Fiery Segeju Leader</h4></div></span></a><div class="cCNe0 lXkFp" jscontroller="acWgwb" jsaction="JIbuQc:UEmoBd; click: UEmoBd(ru89He),UEmoBd(FQhpwf);R7KM6d:r1oohb;AqyeSc:wiqaSb;" data-title="Mwamsimburi" data-url="/asset/mwamsimburi-the-fiery-leader-segeju-community/QQGj2vNYjFIHzg" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_item_3_/asset/mwamsimburi-the-fiery-leader-segeju-community/QQGj2vNYjFIHzg" data-image="//i3.ytimg.com/vi/Vpi3oZf8iJs/hqdefault.jpg"><div role="button" class="U26fgb mUbCce fKz7Od rw97Ub B0hYxd iT6Vrc M9Bg4d" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd(preventDefault=true); mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue; focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;" jsshadow jsname="ymIaV" aria-label="Share "Mwamsimburi"" aria-disabled="false" tabindex="0" title="Share"><div class="VTBa7b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="xjKiLb"><span class="Ce1Y1c" style="top: -12px"><svg width="18" height="20" class="Wdgiwc"><path d="M15 14c-.79 0-1.5.31-2.03.81L5.91 10.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.53.5 1.25.81 2.04.81 1.66 0 3-1.34 3-3s-1.34-3-3-3-3 1.34-3 3c0 .24.04.48.09.7L5.04 7.81C4.5 7.31 3.79 7 3 7c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.05 4.12c-.05.22-.09.45-.09.69 0 1.66 1.34 3 3 3s3-1.34 3-3-1.34-3-3-3zm0-12c.55 0 1 .45 1 1s-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1zM3 11c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1zm12 7c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1z"/></svg></span></span></div></div></div><div class="c2Yf5e VkdScb iI1ZM"><a class="e0WtYb" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mM50hWMB6x4" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;;click:EBe6fc" jscontroller="V99V9" data-video-bgsrc="//i2.ytimg.com/vi/mM50hWMB6x4/hqdefault.jpg" data-video-youtube-id="mM50hWMB6x4" title="Farmers of The Desert" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_9_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_item_4_/asset/farmers-of-the-desert-the-expert-agriculturalist-burji-community-shujaa-stories/GgE5UHrMzSYRqw" data-gaeditorialindex="9" data-gaeditorialname="CardsRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="//i2.ytimg.com/vi/mM50hWMB6x4/hqdefault.jpg" data-ct="c"></div><div class="oPzwQ lXkFp"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" focusable="false" class=""><path d="M7 12.5 12.5 9 7 5.5v7ZM9 17a7.796 7.796 0 0 1-3.104-.625 8.28 8.28 0 0 1-2.563-1.708 8.28 8.28 0 0 1-1.708-2.563A7.797 7.797 0 0 1 1 9a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 .625-3.104 8.027 8.027 0 0 1 4.27-4.271A7.797 7.797 0 0 1 9 1a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 3.104.625c.972.417 1.82.993 2.542 1.73a7.86 7.86 0 0 1 1.729 2.54A7.7 7.7 0 0 1 17 9a7.797 7.797 0 0 1-.625 3.104 8.027 8.027 0 0 1-4.27 4.27A7.7 7.7 0 0 1 9 17.001Zm0-1.5c1.806 0 3.34-.632 4.604-1.896C14.868 12.34 15.5 10.806 15.5 9s-.632-3.34-1.896-4.604C12.34 3.132 10.806 2.5 9 2.5s-3.34.632-4.604 1.896C3.132 5.66 2.5 7.194 2.5 9s.632 3.34 1.896 4.604C5.66 14.868 7.194 15.5 9 15.5Z"/></svg></div></div><div class="vxLcHb mKJNXe"><span class="M2QpMe">Listen</span><h3 class="icXnic" title="Farmers of The Desert">Farmers of The Desert</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The Burji Farmers of The Desert">The Burji Farmers of The Desert</h4></div></span></a><div class="cCNe0 lXkFp" jscontroller="acWgwb" jsaction="JIbuQc:UEmoBd; click: UEmoBd(ru89He),UEmoBd(FQhpwf);R7KM6d:r1oohb;AqyeSc:wiqaSb;" data-title="Farmers of The Desert" data-url="/asset/farmers-of-the-desert-the-expert-agriculturalist-burji-community-shujaa-stories/GgE5UHrMzSYRqw" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_item_4_/asset/farmers-of-the-desert-the-expert-agriculturalist-burji-community-shujaa-stories/GgE5UHrMzSYRqw" data-image="//i2.ytimg.com/vi/mM50hWMB6x4/hqdefault.jpg"><div role="button" class="U26fgb mUbCce fKz7Od rw97Ub B0hYxd iT6Vrc M9Bg4d" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd(preventDefault=true); mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue; focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;" jsshadow jsname="ymIaV" aria-label="Share "Farmers of The Desert"" aria-disabled="false" tabindex="0" title="Share"><div class="VTBa7b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="xjKiLb"><span class="Ce1Y1c" style="top: -12px"><svg width="18" height="20" class="Wdgiwc"><path d="M15 14c-.79 0-1.5.31-2.03.81L5.91 10.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.53.5 1.25.81 2.04.81 1.66 0 3-1.34 3-3s-1.34-3-3-3-3 1.34-3 3c0 .24.04.48.09.7L5.04 7.81C4.5 7.31 3.79 7 3 7c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.05 4.12c-.05.22-.09.45-.09.69 0 1.66 1.34 3 3 3s3-1.34 3-3-1.34-3-3-3zm0-12c.55 0 1 .45 1 1s-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1zM3 11c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1zm12 7c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1z"/></svg></span></span></div></div></div><div class="c2Yf5e VkdScb iI1ZM"><a class="e0WtYb" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y8jVw5DlsVE" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;;click:EBe6fc" jscontroller="V99V9" data-video-bgsrc="//i2.ytimg.com/vi/Y8jVw5DlsVE/hqdefault.jpg" data-video-youtube-id="Y8jVw5DlsVE" title="Untulo" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_9_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_item_5_/asset/untulo-the-sharpshooter-el-molo-community-shujaa-stories/TQHLiryV0B_jPA" data-gaeditorialindex="9" data-gaeditorialname="CardsRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SGsybijIxy_y8WxYIyT1AV8Qu0ushSUptrfsqizUrgmfPrubl1hnze9yZPyUvvqSuq1SYwxA" data-ct="c" data-cw="1.242480754852295" data-ch="0.49709761142730713" data-mw="2900" data-mh="4101" data-xp="0.5" data-yp="0.3583356738090515"></div><div class="oPzwQ lXkFp"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" focusable="false" class=""><path d="M7 12.5 12.5 9 7 5.5v7ZM9 17a7.796 7.796 0 0 1-3.104-.625 8.28 8.28 0 0 1-2.563-1.708 8.28 8.28 0 0 1-1.708-2.563A7.797 7.797 0 0 1 1 9a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 .625-3.104 8.027 8.027 0 0 1 4.27-4.271A7.797 7.797 0 0 1 9 1a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 3.104.625c.972.417 1.82.993 2.542 1.73a7.86 7.86 0 0 1 1.729 2.54A7.7 7.7 0 0 1 17 9a7.797 7.797 0 0 1-.625 3.104 8.027 8.027 0 0 1-4.27 4.27A7.7 7.7 0 0 1 9 17.001Zm0-1.5c1.806 0 3.34-.632 4.604-1.896C14.868 12.34 15.5 10.806 15.5 9s-.632-3.34-1.896-4.604C12.34 3.132 10.806 2.5 9 2.5s-3.34.632-4.604 1.896C3.132 5.66 2.5 7.194 2.5 9s.632 3.34 1.896 4.604C5.66 14.868 7.194 15.5 9 15.5Z"/></svg></div></div><div class="vxLcHb mKJNXe"><span class="M2QpMe">Listen</span><h3 class="icXnic" title="Untulo">Untulo</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The El-Molo Sharpshooter">The El-Molo Sharpshooter</h4></div></span></a><div class="cCNe0 lXkFp" jscontroller="acWgwb" jsaction="JIbuQc:UEmoBd; click: UEmoBd(ru89He),UEmoBd(FQhpwf);R7KM6d:r1oohb;AqyeSc:wiqaSb;" data-title="Untulo" data-url="/asset/untulo-the-sharpshooter-el-molo-community-shujaa-stories/TQHLiryV0B_jPA" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_item_5_/asset/untulo-the-sharpshooter-el-molo-community-shujaa-stories/TQHLiryV0B_jPA" data-image="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SGsybijIxy_y8WxYIyT1AV8Qu0ushSUptrfsqizUrgmfPrubl1hnze9yZPyUvvqSuq1SYwxA"><div role="button" class="U26fgb mUbCce fKz7Od rw97Ub B0hYxd iT6Vrc M9Bg4d" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd(preventDefault=true); mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue; focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;" jsshadow jsname="ymIaV" aria-label="Share "Untulo"" aria-disabled="false" tabindex="0" title="Share"><div class="VTBa7b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="xjKiLb"><span class="Ce1Y1c" style="top: -12px"><svg width="18" height="20" class="Wdgiwc"><path d="M15 14c-.79 0-1.5.31-2.03.81L5.91 10.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.53.5 1.25.81 2.04.81 1.66 0 3-1.34 3-3s-1.34-3-3-3-3 1.34-3 3c0 .24.04.48.09.7L5.04 7.81C4.5 7.31 3.79 7 3 7c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.05 4.12c-.05.22-.09.45-.09.69 0 1.66 1.34 3 3 3s3-1.34 3-3-1.34-3-3-3zm0-12c.55 0 1 .45 1 1s-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1zM3 11c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1zm12 7c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1z"/></svg></span></span></div></div></div><div class="c2Yf5e VkdScb iI1ZM"><a class="e0WtYb" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qu8xYI2I88Y" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;;click:EBe6fc" jscontroller="V99V9" data-video-bgsrc="//i2.ytimg.com/vi/qu8xYI2I88Y/hqdefault.jpg" data-video-youtube-id="qu8xYI2I88Y" title="Dr Rosendo Ayres Ribeiro" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_9_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_item_6_/asset/dr-rosendo-ayres-ribeiro-the-doctor-on-a-zebra-kenyan-asian-community-shujaa-stories/owHBXprsNLdnNw" data-gaeditorialindex="9" data-gaeditorialname="CardsRibbon" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qa3tKc-bCCpQg_uQ3b69WeaI4qLFeb3x3kDSxUgf1DoZdiISliuCu7rAu78bQp5GgUQaq6Fg" data-ct="c" data-cw="1.1148531436920166" data-ch="0.4460357427597046" data-mw="2900" data-mh="4101" data-xp="0.4905704855918884" data-yp="0.2693833112716675"></div><div class="oPzwQ lXkFp"><svg width="18" height="18" viewBox="0 0 18 18" focusable="false" class=""><path d="M7 12.5 12.5 9 7 5.5v7ZM9 17a7.796 7.796 0 0 1-3.104-.625 8.28 8.28 0 0 1-2.563-1.708 8.28 8.28 0 0 1-1.708-2.563A7.797 7.797 0 0 1 1 9a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 .625-3.104 8.027 8.027 0 0 1 4.27-4.271A7.797 7.797 0 0 1 9 1a7.7 7.7 0 0 1 3.104.625c.972.417 1.82.993 2.542 1.73a7.86 7.86 0 0 1 1.729 2.54A7.7 7.7 0 0 1 17 9a7.797 7.797 0 0 1-.625 3.104 8.027 8.027 0 0 1-4.27 4.27A7.7 7.7 0 0 1 9 17.001Zm0-1.5c1.806 0 3.34-.632 4.604-1.896C14.868 12.34 15.5 10.806 15.5 9s-.632-3.34-1.896-4.604C12.34 3.132 10.806 2.5 9 2.5s-3.34.632-4.604 1.896C3.132 5.66 2.5 7.194 2.5 9s.632 3.34 1.896 4.604C5.66 14.868 7.194 15.5 9 15.5Z"/></svg></div></div><div class="vxLcHb mKJNXe"><span class="M2QpMe">Listen</span><h3 class="icXnic" title="Dr Rosendo Ayres Ribeiro">Dr Rosendo Ayres Ribeiro</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The Doctor On A Zebra">The Doctor On A Zebra</h4></div></span></a><div class="cCNe0 lXkFp" jscontroller="acWgwb" jsaction="JIbuQc:UEmoBd; click: UEmoBd(ru89He),UEmoBd(FQhpwf);R7KM6d:r1oohb;AqyeSc:wiqaSb;" data-title="Dr Rosendo Ayres Ribeiro" data-url="/asset/dr-rosendo-ayres-ribeiro-the-doctor-on-a-zebra-kenyan-asian-community-shujaa-stories/owHBXprsNLdnNw" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsRibbon_item_6_/asset/dr-rosendo-ayres-ribeiro-the-doctor-on-a-zebra-kenyan-asian-community-shujaa-stories/owHBXprsNLdnNw" data-image="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qa3tKc-bCCpQg_uQ3b69WeaI4qLFeb3x3kDSxUgf1DoZdiISliuCu7rAu78bQp5GgUQaq6Fg"><div role="button" class="U26fgb mUbCce fKz7Od rw97Ub B0hYxd iT6Vrc M9Bg4d" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd(preventDefault=true); mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue; focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;" jsshadow jsname="ymIaV" aria-label="Share "Dr Rosendo Ayres Ribeiro"" aria-disabled="false" tabindex="0" title="Share"><div class="VTBa7b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="xjKiLb"><span class="Ce1Y1c" style="top: -12px"><svg width="18" height="20" class="Wdgiwc"><path d="M15 14c-.79 0-1.5.31-2.03.81L5.91 10.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.53.5 1.25.81 2.04.81 1.66 0 3-1.34 3-3s-1.34-3-3-3-3 1.34-3 3c0 .24.04.48.09.7L5.04 7.81C4.5 7.31 3.79 7 3 7c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.05 4.12c-.05.22-.09.45-.09.69 0 1.66 1.34 3 3 3s3-1.34 3-3-1.34-3-3-3zm0-12c.55 0 1 .45 1 1s-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1zM3 11c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1zm12 7c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1z"/></svg></span></span></div></div></div></span></div></div></div></div></div></section><section jscontroller="TMXtO" jsaction="B0tf1d:UVxRE;BVcIYb:xriZZd;BilGBc:CREi5e;htGtEd:zBFPOe;MFzXR:IF3MFb;JZCswc:PkMYQd;" data-lazy-load="true" jsmodel="nDkrdf" data-index="10" data-name="SmallBanner" data-edu="06_09_22" data-pers="false" class="wWQRF perj0e yh923d ysapGc"><div class="wsxVE LWxO0d"><div class="VDJ8te"><h2 class="erzEIf bHI58b"><span>Which Kenyan superhero are you?</span></h2></div><div class="yOHDud p0TSbe"><div class="pRW4xf lXkFp"><div class="s9Cgjd"><div class="VDJ8te"><h2 class="erzEIf bHI58b"><span>Discover Your Super Alter-Ego</span></h2><h3 class="y4FzZb oxUh3d">Find out who your super alter-ego would be</h3></div><div class="TuUn3c"><a class="e0WtYb o713je EanbMd FVIKjc" href="/story/UgWRblaz6Xw9vA" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_10_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SmallBanner_/story/UgWRblaz6Xw9vA" data-gaeditorialindex="10" data-gaeditorialname="SmallBanner" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR"><span>Take the quiz</span></span></a></div></div><div class="VOsOob" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TZkbJwPme_f_m-knlYZWR_Hw4_BRk8RgIJWDZrJZaakLGQjGhnQVa2oAud8UWpkoYdCzk9" data-cw="0.992540717124939" data-ch="0.4012478291988373" data-mw="1920" data-mh="2715" data-xp="0.5008710622787476" data-yp="0.28076744079589844"></div><div class="m12Xbc"></div></div></div></div></section><section jscontroller="TMXtO" jsaction="B0tf1d:UVxRE;BVcIYb:xriZZd;BilGBc:CREi5e;htGtEd:zBFPOe;MFzXR:IF3MFb;JZCswc:PkMYQd;" data-lazy-load="true" jsmodel="nDkrdf" data-index="11" data-name="Accordion" data-edu="06_09_22" data-pers="false" class="wWQRF LwLTbf" data-anchor="music"><div class="wsxVE LWxO0d"><div class="VDJ8te"><h2 class="erzEIf bHI58b"><span>The sound of a community</span></h2><h3 class="y4FzZb oxUh3d">Learn more about the different musical traditions across Kenya</h3></div><div class="yOHDud p0TSbe"><div class="kj8fob P5QBtb" jscontroller="bVPj6c" jsaction="mouseover:enRSme(ibnC6b); mouseout:Eg1VOd(ibnC6b); touchstart:jcWz(ibnC6b);"><div class="s25oxf" jsname="ibnC6b" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_11_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Accordion" data-gaeditorialindex="11" data-gaeditorialname="Accordion" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="UG5lz rmSl8" jsname="ftFXMb"><div class="UG5lz d0ISlf"><div class="UG5lz ARMucd"><div class="UG5lz UgKPnf"><div class="c2Yf5e NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/cgUxiOiEOZ8QwA" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Music in the Isukha Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_11_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Accordion_/story/cgUxiOiEOZ8QwA" data-gaeditorialindex="11" data-gaeditorialname="Accordion" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S3iQo5cHSI44VXkcyzxCJIugAGLOC9K8ojarMxD4KDTvi_Cskg4iArbozORw9mV7WI2twyeA" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="Music in the Isukha Community">Music in the Isukha Community</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="Explore the traditional music celebrations of the Isukha community">Explore the traditional music celebrations of the Isukha community</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="GE0mcb"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="s25oxf" jsname="ibnC6b" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_11_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Accordion" data-gaeditorialindex="11" data-gaeditorialname="Accordion" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="UG5lz rmSl8" jsname="ftFXMb"><div class="UG5lz d0ISlf"><div class="UG5lz ARMucd"><div class="UG5lz UgKPnf"><div class="c2Yf5e NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/fwXRYLwJvmPlAQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Music in the Luo Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_11_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Accordion_/story/fwXRYLwJvmPlAQ" data-gaeditorialindex="11" data-gaeditorialname="Accordion" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T-zV80VVdDf5dFQYI1yzPofoNkpnPXO_pMdEsjBNOu6r4sE3QgleMqZGQxEAw0YJrMP-eqXdc" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="Music in the Luo Community">Music in the Luo Community</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="Discover the traditional music and instruments of the Luo people">Discover the traditional music and instruments of the Luo people</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="GE0mcb"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="s25oxf Dtnpcb" jsname="ibnC6b" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_11_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Accordion" data-gaeditorialindex="11" data-gaeditorialname="Accordion" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="UG5lz rmSl8" jsname="ftFXMb"><div class="UG5lz d0ISlf"><div class="UG5lz ARMucd"><div class="UG5lz UgKPnf"><div class="c2Yf5e NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/yQWxkUwa0rXLXg" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Music in the Turkana Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_11_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Accordion_/story/yQWxkUwa0rXLXg" data-gaeditorialindex="11" data-gaeditorialname="Accordion" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_S90vxqT3guwXse5sYWnpg14pB7SGmuvyqxSQN_oYD65zEfyQ8d3o_zwh_uUhsFNIKRF_OEyQ" data-ct="c" data-cw="0.8896167874336243" data-ch="0.7252986431121826" data-mw="3008" data-mh="2000" data-xp="0.4466617703437805" data-yp="0.3626493215560913"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="Music in the Turkana Community">Music in the Turkana Community</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="Discover the traditional costumes and dances of Turkana ceremonies">Discover the traditional costumes and dances of Turkana ceremonies</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="GE0mcb"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="s25oxf" jsname="ibnC6b" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_11_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Accordion" data-gaeditorialindex="11" data-gaeditorialname="Accordion" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="UG5lz rmSl8" jsname="ftFXMb"><div class="UG5lz d0ISlf"><div class="UG5lz ARMucd"><div class="UG5lz UgKPnf"><div class="c2Yf5e NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/qgUxMAUwhJfM6A" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Music in the Pokomo Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_11_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Accordion_/story/qgUxMAUwhJfM6A" data-gaeditorialindex="11" data-gaeditorialname="Accordion" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TeUgCOx8rZVhEL7a1QHsjxqF5KOnlow_j3_dJWri_GoUGfBh1F4x5q9qA_aWWPtP-aePeAcA" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="Music in the Pokomo Community">Music in the Pokomo Community</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The community's lullaby inspired the Kenyan national anthem">The community's lullaby inspired the Kenyan national anthem</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="GE0mcb"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="s25oxf" jsname="ibnC6b" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_11_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Accordion" data-gaeditorialindex="11" data-gaeditorialname="Accordion" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="UG5lz rmSl8" jsname="ftFXMb"><div class="UG5lz d0ISlf"><div class="UG5lz ARMucd"><div class="UG5lz UgKPnf"><div class="c2Yf5e NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/3wWxL9RxKggMpw" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Music in the Kikuyu Community" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_11_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Accordion_/story/3wWxL9RxKggMpw" data-gaeditorialindex="11" data-gaeditorialname="Accordion" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SBhVlId1FLLc7VgU6HzXBeapMXg3vYdO_tfefojGLKaWGPVOUKf1oCCru5dgY7zcjLx9lP_w" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="Music in the Kikuyu Community">Music in the Kikuyu Community</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="Explore Kikuyu song and dance, an essential element of this community's cultural heritage">Explore Kikuyu song and dance, an essential element of this community's cultural heritage</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="GE0mcb"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section jscontroller="TMXtO" jsaction="B0tf1d:UVxRE;BVcIYb:xriZZd;BilGBc:CREi5e;htGtEd:zBFPOe;MFzXR:IF3MFb;JZCswc:PkMYQd;" data-lazy-load="true" jsmodel="nDkrdf" data-index="12" data-name="Quotes" data-edu="06_09_22" data-pers="false" class="wWQRF bl2dxd"><div class="wsxVE LWxO0d"><div class="yOHDud p0TSbe"><a class="e0WtYb lop4Ed" href="/story/2gXhRHXA3WMhiA" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_12_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Quotes_item_1_/story/2gXhRHXA3WMhiA" data-gaeditorialindex="12" data-gaeditorialname="Quotes" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR"><div class="gEZtye" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RY2rDKbYpRw0HjE_772aS1-sOOqTcqlbQCqetpzQomTgAOa9kKpyMXfA5ptQABx_6SQPuF" data-ct="c" data-cw="1.100441336631775" data-ch="0.8949683308601379" data-mw="5472" data-mh="3648" data-xp="0.4967455565929413" data-yp="0.4852808117866516"></div></span></a><span class="VQu9ie">"We have been living through a cultural re-awakening in Nairobi. It’s beautiful to hear new genres such as Kenyan alt-R&B, gengetone, and debe take over the airwaves."</span><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/2gXhRHXA3WMhiA" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_12_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Quotes_item_1_/story/2gXhRHXA3WMhiA" data-gaeditorialindex="12" data-gaeditorialname="Quotes" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR Suh9Jd xzeF5e"><span>- Muthoni Drummer Queen</span></span></a></div></div></section><section jscontroller="TMXtO" jsaction="B0tf1d:UVxRE;BVcIYb:xriZZd;BilGBc:CREi5e;htGtEd:zBFPOe;MFzXR:IF3MFb;JZCswc:PkMYQd;" data-lazy-load="true" jsmodel="nDkrdf" data-index="13" data-name="SmallBanner" data-edu="06_09_22" data-pers="false" class="wWQRF perj0e yh923d ysapGc LwLTbf"><div class="wsxVE LWxO0d"><div class="VDJ8te"><h2 class="erzEIf bHI58b"><span>The movers and shakers</span></h2><h3 class="y4FzZb oxUh3d">Roots, rhythms, and records</h3></div><div class="yOHDud p0TSbe"><div class="pRW4xf lXkFp"><div class="s9Cgjd"><div class="VDJ8te"><h2 class="erzEIf bHI58b"><span>A Musical Journey Through Kenya</span></h2><h3 class="y4FzZb oxUh3d">Feel the heartbeat of a nation</h3></div><div class="TuUn3c"><a class="e0WtYb o713je EanbMd FVIKjc" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrOp8pyDRZA" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_13_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SmallBanner_https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zrOp8pyDRZA" data-gaeditorialindex="13" data-gaeditorialname="SmallBanner" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;;click:EBe6fc" jscontroller="V99V9" data-video-bgsrc="//i3.ytimg.com/vi/zrOp8pyDRZA/hqdefault.jpg" data-video-youtube-id="zrOp8pyDRZA" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR"><span>Watch</span></span></a></div></div><div class="VOsOob" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Twpby3QE_uMgmvDgSBxwRgDhinSWQMz4MFdYflhIjszm4ifw-V-Z4qaB5mBCxAMqL10QE4FQ"></div><div class="m12Xbc"></div></div></div></div></section><section jscontroller="TMXtO" jsaction="B0tf1d:UVxRE;BVcIYb:xriZZd;BilGBc:CREi5e;htGtEd:zBFPOe;MFzXR:IF3MFb;JZCswc:PkMYQd;" data-lazy-load="true" jsmodel="nDkrdf" data-index="14" data-name="CardsLarge" data-edu="06_09_22" data-pers="false" class="wWQRF XVsP6d"><div class="wsxVE LWxO0d"><div class="yOHDud p0TSbe"><div class="mKSIYc" data-cards-count="2"><div class="c2Yf5e iI1ZM"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/jAUxH4oqBai8IQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Role of Music and Dance in Kenyan Communities" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_14_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsLarge_item_1_/story/jAUxH4oqBai8IQ" data-gaeditorialindex="14" data-gaeditorialname="CardsLarge" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_REqnG7xjNFgM3JrKkhH0freIgZw1c8g7fhyN7WB8z3JRs7kzeR0lynVPnf9ikVTjTX2OaHhQ" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb mKJNXe"><span class="M2QpMe">Dance</span><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Role of Music and Dance in Kenyan Communities">The Role of Music and Dance in Kenyan Communities</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="Experiencing life through music and dance">Experiencing life through music and dance</h4></div></span></a><div class="cCNe0 lXkFp" jscontroller="acWgwb" jsaction="JIbuQc:UEmoBd; click: UEmoBd(ru89He),UEmoBd(FQhpwf);R7KM6d:r1oohb;AqyeSc:wiqaSb;" data-title="The Role of Music and Dance in Kenyan Communities" data-url="/story/jAUxH4oqBai8IQ" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsLarge_item_1_/story/jAUxH4oqBai8IQ" data-image="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_REqnG7xjNFgM3JrKkhH0freIgZw1c8g7fhyN7WB8z3JRs7kzeR0lynVPnf9ikVTjTX2OaHhQ"><div role="button" class="U26fgb mUbCce fKz7Od rw97Ub B0hYxd iT6Vrc M9Bg4d" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd(preventDefault=true); mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue; focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;" jsshadow jsname="ymIaV" aria-label="Share "The Role of Music and Dance in Kenyan Communities"" aria-disabled="false" tabindex="0" title="Share"><div class="VTBa7b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="xjKiLb"><span class="Ce1Y1c" style="top: -12px"><svg width="18" height="20" class="Wdgiwc"><path d="M15 14c-.79 0-1.5.31-2.03.81L5.91 10.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.53.5 1.25.81 2.04.81 1.66 0 3-1.34 3-3s-1.34-3-3-3-3 1.34-3 3c0 .24.04.48.09.7L5.04 7.81C4.5 7.31 3.79 7 3 7c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.05 4.12c-.05.22-.09.45-.09.69 0 1.66 1.34 3 3 3s3-1.34 3-3-1.34-3-3-3zm0-12c.55 0 1 .45 1 1s-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1zM3 11c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1zm12 7c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1z"/></svg></span></span></div></div></div><div class="c2Yf5e iI1ZM"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/2gXhRHXA3WMhiA" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Meet the Drummer Queen" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_14_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsLarge_item_2_/story/2gXhRHXA3WMhiA" data-gaeditorialindex="14" data-gaeditorialname="CardsLarge" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RY2rDKbYpRw0HjE_772aS1-sOOqTcqlbQCqetpzQomTgAOa9kKpyMXfA5ptQABx_6SQPuF" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb mKJNXe"><span class="M2QpMe">Drumming</span><h3 class="icXnic" title="Meet the Drummer Queen">Meet the Drummer Queen</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="Muthoni Drummer Queen on Kenya’s female creative community">Muthoni Drummer Queen on Kenya’s female creative community</h4></div></span></a><div class="cCNe0 lXkFp" jscontroller="acWgwb" jsaction="JIbuQc:UEmoBd; click: UEmoBd(ru89He),UEmoBd(FQhpwf);R7KM6d:r1oohb;AqyeSc:wiqaSb;" data-title="Meet the Drummer Queen" data-url="/story/2gXhRHXA3WMhiA" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsLarge_item_2_/story/2gXhRHXA3WMhiA" data-image="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RY2rDKbYpRw0HjE_772aS1-sOOqTcqlbQCqetpzQomTgAOa9kKpyMXfA5ptQABx_6SQPuF"><div role="button" class="U26fgb mUbCce fKz7Od rw97Ub B0hYxd iT6Vrc M9Bg4d" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd(preventDefault=true); mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue; focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;" jsshadow jsname="ymIaV" aria-label="Share "Meet the Drummer Queen"" aria-disabled="false" tabindex="0" title="Share"><div class="VTBa7b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="xjKiLb"><span class="Ce1Y1c" style="top: -12px"><svg width="18" height="20" class="Wdgiwc"><path d="M15 14c-.79 0-1.5.31-2.03.81L5.91 10.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.53.5 1.25.81 2.04.81 1.66 0 3-1.34 3-3s-1.34-3-3-3-3 1.34-3 3c0 .24.04.48.09.7L5.04 7.81C4.5 7.31 3.79 7 3 7c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.05 4.12c-.05.22-.09.45-.09.69 0 1.66 1.34 3 3 3s3-1.34 3-3-1.34-3-3-3zm0-12c.55 0 1 .45 1 1s-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1zM3 11c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1zm12 7c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1z"/></svg></span></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section jscontroller="TMXtO" jsaction="B0tf1d:UVxRE;BVcIYb:xriZZd;BilGBc:CREi5e;htGtEd:zBFPOe;MFzXR:IF3MFb;JZCswc:PkMYQd;" data-lazy-load="true" jsmodel="nDkrdf" data-index="15" data-name="Clusters" data-edu="06_09_22" data-pers="false" class="wWQRF JsQ3Kc LwLTbf"><div class="wsxVE LWxO0d"><div class="VDJ8te"><h2 class="erzEIf bHI58b"><span>Meet Kenya's contemporary creatives</span></h2><h3 class="y4FzZb oxUh3d">Exploring Kenya's arts and culture scene</h3></div><div class="yOHDud p0TSbe"><div class="QC52Cd" data-cards-count="3"><div class="c2Yf5e n9YQJf dxOld lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/yAUhiqFO4o436g" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Fun, Fierce, and Frivolous" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_15_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Cluster_item_1_/story/yAUhiqFO4o436g" data-gaeditorialindex="undefined" data-gaeditorialname="undefined" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QNH4msXW70RHNJ3IHAy7sa0tiHapuCgd8HXyZkBbGDWTNXCP0SaXvGlgxrJu-BIySzV1Y8" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><span class="M2QpMe">Explore</span><h3 class="icXnic" title="Fun, Fierce, and Frivolous">Fun, Fierce, and Frivolous</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="Wanuri Kahiu on Afrobubblegum art">Wanuri Kahiu on Afrobubblegum art</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e n9YQJf dxOld lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/cQXBqCNXdiqZzg" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Afrofuturist Narratives With Osborne Macharia" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_15_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Cluster_item_2_/story/cQXBqCNXdiqZzg" data-gaeditorialindex="undefined" data-gaeditorialname="undefined" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RoR6RUROn-wYVrzBI3p4yMxZhsXotHt4Gd9EpodfNuPwyjkiKUn4j5a2X95jbQ9Xj5vyrm" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><span class="M2QpMe">Explore</span><h3 class="icXnic" title="Afrofuturist Narratives With Osborne Macharia">Afrofuturist Narratives With Osborne Macharia</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="Reimagining a new Africa through fantasy and fiction">Reimagining a new Africa through fantasy and fiction</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e n9YQJf dxOld lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/OgWR-ExBszFPMQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Meet the Artist Giving Trash a Second Chance" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_15_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Cluster_item_3_/story/OgWR-ExBszFPMQ" data-gaeditorialindex="undefined" data-gaeditorialname="undefined" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RieOgYPSASbxnvLVR0uwp6HkvfBU9HPcywOCCr4rWSKcq2Do1YU04CJeBho1AfJfU8cq9fdTA" data-ct="c" data-cw="1.6599444150924683" data-ch="0.6354474425315857" data-mw="2500" data-mh="3000" data-xp="0.5107151865959167" data-yp="0.515592634677887"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><span class="M2QpMe">Explore</span><h3 class="icXnic" title="Meet the Artist Giving Trash a Second Chance">Meet the Artist Giving Trash a Second Chance</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="Cyrus Kabiru's lens on contemporary art and climate change">Cyrus Kabiru's lens on contemporary art and climate change</h4></div></span></a></div></div></div></div></section><section jscontroller="TMXtO" jsaction="B0tf1d:UVxRE;BVcIYb:xriZZd;BilGBc:CREi5e;htGtEd:zBFPOe;MFzXR:IF3MFb;JZCswc:PkMYQd;" data-lazy-load="true" jsmodel="nDkrdf" data-index="16" data-name="Quotes" data-edu="06_09_22" data-pers="false" class="wWQRF bl2dxd LwLTbf"><div class="wsxVE LWxO0d"><div class="yOHDud p0TSbe"><a class="e0WtYb lop4Ed" href="/story/yAUhiqFO4o436g" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_16_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Quotes_item_1_/story/yAUhiqFO4o436g" data-gaeditorialindex="16" data-gaeditorialname="Quotes" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR"><div class="gEZtye" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RsjTf02OP_9257QpaVjvjJZc6ojkGaLjT1BrF1E0aKnWys-nPM1SHtmuAf7Xn88ccF7NYa2hI" data-ct="c"></div></span></a><span class="VQu9ie">"It’s important to know that our history has been full of light and joy and exploration and imagination."</span><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/yAUhiqFO4o436g" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_16_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Quotes_item_1_/story/yAUhiqFO4o436g" data-gaeditorialindex="16" data-gaeditorialname="Quotes" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR Suh9Jd xzeF5e"><span>- Wanuri Kahiu</span></span></a></div></div></section><section jscontroller="TMXtO" jsaction="B0tf1d:UVxRE;BVcIYb:xriZZd;BilGBc:CREi5e;htGtEd:zBFPOe;MFzXR:IF3MFb;JZCswc:PkMYQd;" data-lazy-load="true" jsmodel="nDkrdf" data-index="17" data-name="SmallBanner" data-edu="06_09_22" data-pers="false" class="wWQRF perj0e yh923d ysapGc"><div class="wsxVE LWxO0d"><div class="VDJ8te"><h2 class="erzEIf bHI58b"><span> </span></h2></div><div class="yOHDud p0TSbe"><div class="pRW4xf lXkFp"><div class="s9Cgjd"><div class="VDJ8te"><h2 class="erzEIf bHI58b"><span>The Colors of Kenya</span></h2><h3 class="y4FzZb oxUh3d">From the blues in beads to reds in robes</h3></div><div class="TuUn3c"><a class="e0WtYb o713je EanbMd FVIKjc" href="/color?project=identities-of-kenya&col=RGB_78A936" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_17_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SmallBanner_/color?project=identities-of-kenya&col=RGB_78A936" data-gaeditorialindex="17" data-gaeditorialname="SmallBanner" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR"><span>Discover the rainbow</span></span></a></div></div><div class="VOsOob" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TJpewa1WjdFs0l2jObXU-_pyN-sRHAZBRzUwXnM5yONEaiQtcps6rbx4NuTR-kctMyR7TgbnU" data-cw="0.9849843978881836" data-ch="0.45247721672058105" data-mw="2000" data-mh="2000" data-xp="0.51469486951828" data-yp="0.22623860836029053"></div><div class="m12Xbc"></div></div></div></div></section><section jscontroller="TMXtO" jsaction="B0tf1d:UVxRE;BVcIYb:xriZZd;BilGBc:CREi5e;htGtEd:zBFPOe;MFzXR:IF3MFb;JZCswc:PkMYQd;" data-lazy-load="true" jsmodel="nDkrdf" data-index="18" data-name="SimpleStack" data-edu="06_09_22" data-pers="false" class="wWQRF"><div class="wsxVE LWxO0d"><div class="VDJ8te"><h2 class="erzEIf bHI58b"><span>10 objects that tell Kenya's story</span></h2><h3 class="y4FzZb oxUh3d">Masterpieces from the National Museums of Kenya</h3></div><div class="yOHDud p0TSbe"><div class="uIrnse" jscontroller="dglYtc" jsaction="mouseover:enRSme(ibnC6b); mouseout:Eg1VOd(ibnC6b); touchstart:jcWz(ibnC6b);IBB03b:rXxpye;GvneHb:og1FDd;"><div class="lBGoSc" jsname="SmKAyb"><div class="gRX0ve" jsname="ibnC6b" data-index="0" data-steps-from-center="5" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_18_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialindex="18" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="G3jmoc lNZdwd"><div class="G3jmoc LHjn9e"><div class="G3jmoc O4DHN"><div class="G3jmoc gcG0rb oyCJYc"><div class="c2Yf5e NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/mwVBinbBvOeoLQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Kenyan Ornaments" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_18_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack_/story/mwVBinbBvOeoLQ" data-gaeditorialindex="18" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TJpewa1WjdFs0l2jObXU-_pyN-sRHAZBRzUwXnM5yONEaiQtcps6rbx4NuTR-kctMyR7TgbnU" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="Kenyan Ornaments">Kenyan Ornaments</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="Filled with history and symbolism">Filled with history and symbolism</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="n14XAf" jsname="VbfJvb"></div><div class="ZKg6we"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="gRX0ve" jsname="ibnC6b" data-index="1" data-steps-from-center="4" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_18_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialindex="18" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="G3jmoc lNZdwd"><div class="G3jmoc LHjn9e"><div class="G3jmoc O4DHN"><div class="G3jmoc gcG0rb oyCJYc"><div class="c2Yf5e NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/VAXxT9gGdDdwKQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Swahili Siwa Side-Horn" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_18_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack_/story/VAXxT9gGdDdwKQ" data-gaeditorialindex="18" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SVsr-O5vJUrwZuWEk13qUWSN3ydXpnuUZZV5dVxoCO4c9sobWpDOBPuxZHgwkWnw8eFXSkJg" data-ct="c" data-cw="1.1691396236419678" data-ch="0.6338928937911987" data-mw="2000" data-mh="2000" data-xp="0.5256320238113403" data-yp="0.5941254496574402"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Swahili Siwa Side-Horn">The Swahili Siwa Side-Horn</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="Its sound will blow your mind">Its sound will blow your mind</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="n14XAf" jsname="VbfJvb"></div><div class="ZKg6we"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="gRX0ve" jsname="ibnC6b" data-index="2" data-steps-from-center="3" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_18_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialindex="18" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="G3jmoc lNZdwd"><div class="G3jmoc LHjn9e"><div class="G3jmoc O4DHN"><div class="G3jmoc gcG0rb oyCJYc"><div class="c2Yf5e NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/-QXBImL1ZPThIg" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Ear Piercings" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_18_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack_/story/-QXBImL1ZPThIg" data-gaeditorialindex="18" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T2XMkopj3dwJelRZnVH_arpT2wpJ0t4D-qlqWtXmO4DA0Ct-87QqNvDKvVYpvLcUu4t1D6" data-ct="c" data-cw="1.1536396741867065" data-ch="0.6254889965057373" data-mw="2000" data-mh="2000" data-xp="0.4865567088127136" data-yp="0.6872555017471313"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="Ear Piercings">Ear Piercings</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="An important tradition in Kenya's communities">An important tradition in Kenya's communities</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="n14XAf" jsname="VbfJvb"></div><div class="ZKg6we"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="gRX0ve" jsname="ibnC6b" data-index="3" data-steps-from-center="2" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_18_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialindex="18" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="G3jmoc lNZdwd"><div class="G3jmoc LHjn9e"><div class="G3jmoc O4DHN"><div class="G3jmoc gcG0rb oyCJYc"><div class="c2Yf5e NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/egURtvMM03lfLw" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Beads" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_18_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack_/story/egURtvMM03lfLw" data-gaeditorialindex="18" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rz2kZ4PB624ijScjwqqllLnPVZwlAJHVMw7KMInCk1GKvtp3bjkQB0c98XtMPiGk17Z011ttI" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="Beads">Beads</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="Beadwork tells the stories of Kenya's communities">Beadwork tells the stories of Kenya's communities</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="n14XAf" jsname="VbfJvb"></div><div class="ZKg6we"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="gRX0ve" jsname="ibnC6b" data-index="4" data-steps-from-center="1" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_18_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialindex="18" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="G3jmoc lNZdwd"><div class="G3jmoc LHjn9e"><div class="G3jmoc O4DHN"><div class="G3jmoc gcG0rb oyCJYc"><div class="c2Yf5e NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/CgURgEywZgThIQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The Elongo" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_18_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack_/story/CgURgEywZgThIQ" data-gaeditorialindex="18" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qxwcljt3ZEjPm97bamoLR6gXij9SQY35n6vr1voLc2bE6rfBHycCw9bY8TU5P1OHbT-gSKOcE" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The Elongo">The Elongo</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The power of the Maasai shield">The power of the Maasai shield</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="n14XAf" jsname="VbfJvb"></div><div class="ZKg6we"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="gRX0ve s4l1N" jsname="ibnC6b" data-index="5" data-steps-from-center="0" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_18_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialindex="18" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="G3jmoc lNZdwd"><div class="G3jmoc LHjn9e"><div class="G3jmoc O4DHN"><div class="G3jmoc gcG0rb"><div class="c2Yf5e NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/WQUxlIBSEE0YJg" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Gourds" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_18_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack_/story/WQUxlIBSEE0YJg" data-gaeditorialindex="18" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SEpiONOCnk9zRSPNzThxaaDjrTkA2IBPg9EJ-X_6BkHATsVEWPbcX9BHFs1JWkswXNVzqIDg" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="Gourds">Gourds</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The most extraordinary everyday object">The most extraordinary everyday object</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="n14XAf" jsname="VbfJvb"></div><div class="ZKg6we"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="gRX0ve" jsname="ibnC6b" data-index="6" data-steps-from-center="1" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_18_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialindex="18" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="G3jmoc lNZdwd"><div class="G3jmoc LHjn9e"><div class="G3jmoc O4DHN"><div class="G3jmoc gcG0rb qrsiNe"><div class="c2Yf5e NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/cQVBcbODs6CnLg" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Amazing Aprons" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_18_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack_/story/cQVBcbODs6CnLg" data-gaeditorialindex="18" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Rj7JHjkJfX3R9wciv9J5FJIXN6LnfsuqIJX0-RZZBMeMLRbdFB3si9feIxbHYBQ5SgvcTS8w" data-ct="c" data-cw="1.2040103673934937" data-ch="0.6527993679046631" data-mw="2000" data-mh="2000" data-xp="0.4967026114463806" data-yp="0.6694661974906921"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="Amazing Aprons">Amazing Aprons</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The essential wardrobe staple">The essential wardrobe staple</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="n14XAf" jsname="VbfJvb"></div><div class="ZKg6we"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="gRX0ve" jsname="ibnC6b" data-index="7" data-steps-from-center="2" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_18_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialindex="18" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="G3jmoc lNZdwd"><div class="G3jmoc LHjn9e"><div class="G3jmoc O4DHN"><div class="G3jmoc gcG0rb qrsiNe"><div class="c2Yf5e NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/yQURUlZn5SE-IQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="African Masks" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_18_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack_/story/yQURUlZn5SE-IQ" data-gaeditorialindex="18" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_QNhx6gzolJCquVQC6cl5DhHLQrN5UJ4zxWnOCS-xpXEMDHy1hiLAPCINL4b2ZcGisUtmAscQ" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="African Masks">African Masks</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="Connecting with the afterlife">Connecting with the afterlife</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="n14XAf" jsname="VbfJvb"></div><div class="ZKg6we"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="gRX0ve" jsname="ibnC6b" data-index="8" data-steps-from-center="3" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_18_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialindex="18" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="G3jmoc lNZdwd"><div class="G3jmoc LHjn9e"><div class="G3jmoc O4DHN"><div class="G3jmoc gcG0rb qrsiNe"><div class="c2Yf5e NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/iAXho86uvhJeKA" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="The African Drum" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_18_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack_/story/iAXho86uvhJeKA" data-gaeditorialindex="18" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_TlIYvudjzVRab0ChjyIeLtsXXqvXoSlzJwdTW2NGs6Fn031uRAvoK3M84G5s9SgWyWZn8SnA" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><h3 class="icXnic" title="The African Drum">The African Drum</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The beating heart of Africa">The beating heart of Africa</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="n14XAf" jsname="VbfJvb"></div><div class="ZKg6we"></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="gRX0ve" jsname="ibnC6b" data-index="9" data-steps-from-center="4" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_18_hovered" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialindex="18" data-gaeditorialname="SimpleStack" data-gaeditorialpers="false"><div class="G3jmoc lNZdwd"><div class="G3jmoc LHjn9e"><div class="G3jmoc O4DHN"><div class="G3jmoc gcG0rb qrsiNe"><div class="c2Yf5e NQwUHc lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/PwXBePLe-6NIIw" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; 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mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Maasai Crafts and Fashions" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_20_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsLarge_item_3_/story/ggURaG-t_WgykA" data-gaeditorialindex="20" data-gaeditorialname="CardsLarge" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SS-OzvfC5YCNTy6w-G32ks5ollUPYWneJkDugztF6wjNLwgGyDb1jocmu3pkwI1Z-T8qtN" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb mKJNXe"><h3 class="icXnic" title="Maasai Crafts and Fashions">Maasai Crafts and Fashions</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The beautiful craftsmanship and distinctive fashions of the Maasai community">The beautiful craftsmanship and distinctive fashions of the Maasai community</h4></div></span></a><div class="cCNe0 lXkFp" jscontroller="acWgwb" jsaction="JIbuQc:UEmoBd; click: UEmoBd(ru89He),UEmoBd(FQhpwf);R7KM6d:r1oohb;AqyeSc:wiqaSb;" data-title="Maasai Crafts and Fashions" data-url="/story/ggURaG-t_WgykA" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsLarge_item_3_/story/ggURaG-t_WgykA" data-image="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SS-OzvfC5YCNTy6w-G32ks5ollUPYWneJkDugztF6wjNLwgGyDb1jocmu3pkwI1Z-T8qtN"><div role="button" class="U26fgb mUbCce fKz7Od rw97Ub B0hYxd iT6Vrc M9Bg4d" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd(preventDefault=true); mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue; focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;" jsshadow jsname="ymIaV" aria-label="Share "Maasai Crafts and Fashions"" aria-disabled="false" tabindex="0" title="Share"><div class="VTBa7b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="xjKiLb"><span class="Ce1Y1c" style="top: -12px"><svg width="18" height="20" class="Wdgiwc"><path d="M15 14c-.79 0-1.5.31-2.03.81L5.91 10.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.53.5 1.25.81 2.04.81 1.66 0 3-1.34 3-3s-1.34-3-3-3-3 1.34-3 3c0 .24.04.48.09.7L5.04 7.81C4.5 7.31 3.79 7 3 7c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.05 4.12c-.05.22-.09.45-.09.69 0 1.66 1.34 3 3 3s3-1.34 3-3-1.34-3-3-3zm0-12c.55 0 1 .45 1 1s-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1zM3 11c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1zm12 7c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1z"/></svg></span></span></div></div></div><div class="c2Yf5e iI1ZM"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/dwXxZ3ms8_xYgg" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Ogiek Fashions" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_20_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsLarge_item_4_/story/dwXxZ3ms8_xYgg" data-gaeditorialindex="20" data-gaeditorialname="CardsLarge" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T5XbU5L0DzFpEgtLCxem2x8jaPmOdnfWud8JSppATHaQ3h_j4K926KhhJmMhZtRzh2TaF48Q" data-ct="c" data-cw="2.2934024333953857" data-ch="0.8880555629730225" data-mw="3865" data-mh="4586" data-xp="0.39581063389778137" data-yp="0.5012058615684509"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb mKJNXe"><span class="M2QpMe"> </span><h3 class="icXnic" title="Ogiek Fashions">Ogiek Fashions</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="Celebrate the artistry of Ogiek clothing design">Celebrate the artistry of Ogiek clothing design</h4></div></span></a><div class="cCNe0 lXkFp" jscontroller="acWgwb" jsaction="JIbuQc:UEmoBd; 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click: UEmoBd(ru89He),UEmoBd(FQhpwf);R7KM6d:r1oohb;AqyeSc:wiqaSb;" data-title="How the Kanga Unites Communities" data-url="/story/UQXRRgiEQNcJLA" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsLarge_item_8_/story/UQXRRgiEQNcJLA" data-image="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_SyqcYdiPAds4m4Qot5IIIZlviuZymMt5ftJStlWH8vIEhwtSbNu0sAijbeIV5AWcmALdhwJHU"><div role="button" class="U26fgb mUbCce fKz7Od rw97Ub B0hYxd iT6Vrc M9Bg4d" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd(preventDefault=true); mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue; focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;" jsshadow jsname="ymIaV" aria-label="Share "How the Kanga Unites Communities"" aria-disabled="false" tabindex="0" title="Share"><div class="VTBa7b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="xjKiLb"><span class="Ce1Y1c" style="top: -12px"><svg width="18" height="20" class="Wdgiwc"><path d="M15 14c-.79 0-1.5.31-2.03.81L5.91 10.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.53.5 1.25.81 2.04.81 1.66 0 3-1.34 3-3s-1.34-3-3-3-3 1.34-3 3c0 .24.04.48.09.7L5.04 7.81C4.5 7.31 3.79 7 3 7c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.05 4.12c-.05.22-.09.45-.09.69 0 1.66 1.34 3 3 3s3-1.34 3-3-1.34-3-3-3zm0-12c.55 0 1 .45 1 1s-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1zM3 11c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1zm12 7c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1z"/></svg></span></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section jscontroller="TMXtO" jsaction="B0tf1d:UVxRE;BVcIYb:xriZZd;BilGBc:CREi5e;htGtEd:zBFPOe;MFzXR:IF3MFb;JZCswc:PkMYQd;" data-lazy-load="true" jsmodel="nDkrdf" data-index="21" data-name="CardsLarge" data-edu="06_09_22" data-pers="false" class="wWQRF XVsP6d"><div class="wsxVE LWxO0d"><div class="VDJ8te"><h2 class="erzEIf bHI58b"><span>The language of Kenya</span></h2><h3 class="y4FzZb oxUh3d">Immerse yourself in the dialect</h3></div><div class="yOHDud p0TSbe"><div class="mKSIYc" data-cards-count="2"><div class="c2Yf5e iI1ZM"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/9gVBlAZer2a1Lw" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; 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mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Discover the Language Groups" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_21_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsLarge_item_2_/story/1gVBwOhG6x7aIQ" data-gaeditorialindex="21" data-gaeditorialname="CardsLarge" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RkrQYPda6nhTwe-SH2X6DqmLOlzibRf82GYnnlTrmi-TlKgCXlQ-pxL0jgXVRon48Lj_QbvA" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb mKJNXe"><h3 class="icXnic" title="Discover the Language Groups">Discover the Language Groups</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="The Nilotic, Bantu, and Cushitic languages">The Nilotic, Bantu, and Cushitic languages</h4></div></span></a><div class="cCNe0 lXkFp" jscontroller="acWgwb" jsaction="JIbuQc:UEmoBd; click: UEmoBd(ru89He),UEmoBd(FQhpwf);R7KM6d:r1oohb;AqyeSc:wiqaSb;" data-title="Discover the Language Groups" data-url="/story/1gVBwOhG6x7aIQ" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_CardsLarge_item_2_/story/1gVBwOhG6x7aIQ" data-image="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RkrQYPda6nhTwe-SH2X6DqmLOlzibRf82GYnnlTrmi-TlKgCXlQ-pxL0jgXVRon48Lj_QbvA"><div role="button" class="U26fgb mUbCce fKz7Od rw97Ub B0hYxd iT6Vrc M9Bg4d" jscontroller="VXdfxd" jsaction="click:cOuCgd(preventDefault=true); mousedown:UX7yZ; mouseup:lbsD7e; mouseenter:tfO1Yc; mouseleave:JywGue; focus:AHmuwe; blur:O22p3e; contextmenu:mg9Pef;touchstart:p6p2H; touchmove:FwuNnf; touchend:yfqBxc(preventDefault=true); touchcancel:JMtRjd;" jsshadow jsname="ymIaV" aria-label="Share "Discover the Language Groups"" aria-disabled="false" tabindex="0" title="Share"><div class="VTBa7b MbhUzd" jsname="ksKsZd"></div><span jsslot class="xjKiLb"><span class="Ce1Y1c" style="top: -12px"><svg width="18" height="20" class="Wdgiwc"><path d="M15 14c-.79 0-1.5.31-2.03.81L5.91 10.7c.05-.23.09-.46.09-.7s-.04-.47-.09-.7l7.05-4.11c.53.5 1.25.81 2.04.81 1.66 0 3-1.34 3-3s-1.34-3-3-3-3 1.34-3 3c0 .24.04.48.09.7L5.04 7.81C4.5 7.31 3.79 7 3 7c-1.66 0-3 1.34-3 3s1.34 3 3 3c.79 0 1.5-.31 2.04-.81l7.05 4.12c-.05.22-.09.45-.09.69 0 1.66 1.34 3 3 3s3-1.34 3-3-1.34-3-3-3zm0-12c.55 0 1 .45 1 1s-.45 1-1 1-1-.45-1-1 .45-1 1-1zM3 11c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1zm12 7c-.55 0-1-.45-1-1s.45-1 1-1 1 .45 1 1-.45 1-1 1z"/></svg></span></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></section><section jscontroller="TMXtO" jsaction="B0tf1d:UVxRE;BVcIYb:xriZZd;BilGBc:CREi5e;htGtEd:zBFPOe;MFzXR:IF3MFb;JZCswc:PkMYQd;" data-lazy-load="true" jsmodel="nDkrdf" data-index="22" data-name="Clusters" data-edu="06_09_22" data-pers="false" class="wWQRF JsQ3Kc LwLTbf"><div class="wsxVE LWxO0d"><div class="VDJ8te"><h2 class="erzEIf bHI58b"><span>Step back in time</span></h2><h3 class="y4FzZb oxUh3d">Visit the places where communities made history</h3></div><div class="yOHDud p0TSbe"><div class="QC52Cd" data-cards-count="3"><div class="c2Yf5e n9YQJf dxOld lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/nQVBf9Oq7jWqIA" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Visit Kenya's Archaeological Sites" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_22_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Cluster_item_1_/story/nQVBf9Oq7jWqIA" data-gaeditorialindex="undefined" data-gaeditorialname="undefined" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_RHm6DTbHsOHaS3w-aVU0yEtdqb7OpgGg5fHBAW3lfvaCBEqItqQAzvdJDg-V8gu-Pqn3iKmA" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><span class="M2QpMe">Virtual tour</span><h3 class="icXnic" title="Visit Kenya's Archaeological Sites">Visit Kenya's Archaeological Sites</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="Discover the origin of man">Discover the origin of man</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e n9YQJf dxOld lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/hQUhmWhkPJQByQ" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="See Kenya's Birthplace" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_22_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Cluster_item_2_/story/hQUhmWhkPJQByQ" data-gaeditorialindex="undefined" data-gaeditorialname="undefined" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_Qy9av5MqLganmuvVNFio-8LqvwjKtw0qG6rMjHCFF-EQ3LU3VQlqUAbndlyZOVSZArrxTmGw" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><span class="M2QpMe">Virtual tour</span><h3 class="icXnic" title="See Kenya's Birthplace">See Kenya's Birthplace</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="Where it all began">Where it all began</h4></div></span></a></div><div class="c2Yf5e n9YQJf dxOld lXkFp"><a class="e0WtYb" href="/story/sAWB23ZSawx-xw" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" title="Explore Kenya's First Courtroom" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_22_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Cluster_item_3_/story/sAWB23ZSawx-xw" data-gaeditorialindex="undefined" data-gaeditorialname="undefined" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR NRZ8Qd"><div class="C5m2fc"><div class="mRtnL" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_R7OBMRf__V4NS4EV2qxrXCSjdgejl59Zyd4bAzM8LjTLxCmIj0oJ9m5GuZsKf3joeeqVh5" data-ct="c"></div></div><div class="vxLcHb"><span class="M2QpMe">Virtual tour</span><h3 class="icXnic" title="Explore Kenya's First Courtroom">Explore Kenya's First Courtroom</h3><h4 class="gDqesd" title="Making decisions since 1925">Making decisions since 1925</h4></div></span></a></div></div></div></div></section><section jscontroller="TMXtO" jsaction="B0tf1d:UVxRE;BVcIYb:xriZZd;BilGBc:CREi5e;htGtEd:zBFPOe;MFzXR:IF3MFb;JZCswc:PkMYQd;" data-lazy-load="true" jsmodel="nDkrdf" data-index="23" data-name="Quotes" data-edu="06_09_22" data-pers="false" class="wWQRF bl2dxd"><div class="wsxVE LWxO0d"><div class="yOHDud p0TSbe"><a class="e0WtYb lop4Ed" href="/entity/jomo-kenyatta/m016zr6?categoryId=historical-figure" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_23_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Quotes_item_1_/entity/jomo-kenyatta/m016zr6?categoryId=historical-figure" data-gaeditorialindex="23" data-gaeditorialname="Quotes" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR"><div class="gEZtye" data-bgsrc="https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ci/AL18g_T9EBPYP0VnT3OIPyIJPh1JEDoNnYLglIUx-R9La3Vx-n3PHdOEZ0gHsuk6szJhY7SoAg_d" data-ct="c"></div></span></a><span class="VQu9ie">"Our children may learn about the heroes of the past. Our task is to make ourselves the architects of the future."</span><a class="e0WtYb" href="/entity/jomo-kenyatta/m016zr6?categoryId=historical-figure" data-gacategory="editorial_projectpage" data-gaaction="section_23_clicked" data-galabel="identities-of-kenya_Quotes_item_1_/entity/jomo-kenyatta/m016zr6?categoryId=historical-figure" data-gaeditorialindex="23" data-gaeditorialname="Quotes" data-gaeditorialpers="false" jsmodel="nDkrdf" jsaction="rcuQ6b:npT2md; mousedown:jScpfc; touchstart:jScpfc; touchmove:NI7Syc; mouseup:nHXBQb; touchend:nHXBQb; mouseleave:FfcXAd; blur:ll011b;" jscontroller="V99V9" jsshadow><div class="TgRqnd" jsname="ksKsZd" aria-hidden="true"></div><span jsslot class="WMuzR Suh9Jd xzeF5e"><span>- Jomo Kenyatta</span></span></a></div></div></section><section jscontroller="TMXtO" jsaction="B0tf1d:UVxRE;BVcIYb:xriZZd;BilGBc:CREi5e;htGtEd:zBFPOe;MFzXR:IF3MFb;JZCswc:PkMYQd;" data-lazy-load="true" jsmodel="nDkrdf" data-index="24" data-name="SimpleStack" data-edu="06_09_22" data-pers="false" class="wWQRF"><div class="wsxVE LWxO0d"><div class="VDJ8te"><h2 class="erzEIf bHI58b"><span>Experience Kenya for yourself...</span></h2></div><div class="yOHDud p0TSbe"><div class="uIrnse" jscontroller="dglYtc" jsaction="mouseover:enRSme(ibnC6b); 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