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Catolicisme - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure
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title="Cerca a la Viquipèdia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Cerca</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"> <!-- CentralNotice --> </div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Catolicisme</span></h1> <div class="tagline"> doctrina o fe de les esglésies cristianes que estan en comunió amb el Papa de Roma </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33578953">.mw-parser-output .infobox_bodystyle{font-size:85%;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .infobox_titlestyle{background:#FFA07A}.mw-parser-output .infobox_abovestyle{background:#FFA07A}.mw-parser-output .ib_organization_embedded_footer{background:#c8ccd1;color:#202122}.mw-parser-output .infobox_headerclass_w_botton_top{background:#FFA07A;border-bottom:2px solid #ccccff;border-top:2px solid #ccccff}.mw-parser-output .infobox_headerstyle{background:#FFA07A}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle{background:#FFA07A}.mw-parser-output .infobox_subheaderstyle1{width:100%;background:#FFA07A;text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox_belowstyle{border-top:#aaa 1px solid;background:#FFA07A}.mw-parser-output .infobox-label{background:#eeeeee;padding-right:1.2em;width:40%;text-align:start}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r33578953"> <p>El terme <b>catolicisme</b> usualment es refereix a la doctrina o la fe de l'Església Catòlica, la qual comprèn totes aquelles esglésies cristianes que estan en <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comuni%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Comunió">comunió</a> amb el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papa_de_Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa de Roma">Papa de Roma</a>, i que accepten la seva autoritat en matèries de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fe">fe</a> i de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moral">moral</a>. Actualment, es divideix en les següents:</p> <ul> <li>L'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica_Romana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Església Catòlica Romana">Església Catòlica Romana</a>, que segueix el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ritu_llat%C3%AD?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritu llatí">ritu llatí</a>.</li> <li>L'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica_d%27Orient?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Església Catòlica d'Orient">Església Catòlica d'Orient</a> o Església Uniata, que segueix el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ritu_d'Orient&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ritu d'Orient (encara no existeix)">ritu d'Orient</a>.</li> </ul> <table class="infobox" style="font-size:90%;width:25em;infobox_bodystyle"> <caption class="infobox_titlestyle" style="font-weight:bold"> <span style="float:left;"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Group_half.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="Infotaula d'organització"><img alt="Infotaula d'organització" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Group_half.svg/25px-Group_half.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Group_half.svg/38px-Group_half.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Group_half.svg/50px-Group_half.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32"></a></span></span>Catolicisme </caption> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade,_Rome,_Italy.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description" title="lang=ca"><img alt="lang=ca" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg/300px-Saint_Peter%27s_Basilica_facade%2C_Rome%2C_Italy.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Saint_Peter%2527s_Basilica_facade%252C_Rome%252C_Italy.jpg/450px-Saint_Peter%2527s_Basilica_facade%252C_Rome%252C_Italy.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Saint_Peter%2527s_Basilica_facade%252C_Rome%252C_Italy.jpg/600px-Saint_Peter%2527s_Basilica_facade%252C_Rome%252C_Italy.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4470" data-file-height="2975"></a></span><br><span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1841?uselang%3Dca%23P18" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass_w_botton_top" style="text-align:center">Dades</th> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Nom curt</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><span lang="de">kath.</span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1841?uselang%3Dca%23P1813" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Tipus</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q123129246" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q123129246">Família confesional cristiana</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1841?uselang%3Dca%23P31" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Religió</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cristianisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cristianisme">cristianisme</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1841?uselang%3Dca%23P140" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="infobox-header infobox_headerclass_w_botton_top" style="text-align:center">Activitat</th> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="infobox-label"><b>Membres</b></td> <td class="align=left">1,345 <span style="font-size:85%;">(2019) <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1841?uselang%3Dca%23P2124" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span></span></td> </tr> <tr style="display:none"> <td colspan="2"></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Format per</th> <td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"> <div style="text-align:start;"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica_Romana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Església Catòlica Romana">Església Catòlica</a> <br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6540599" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q6540599">Liberal Catholic movement</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6540599?uselang%3Dca" title="Tradueix"><img alt="Tradueix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161"></a></span> <br><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica_Antiga?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Església Catòlica Antiga">Església Catòlica Antiga</a> <br><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme_independent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catolicisme independent">catolicisme independent</a> <br><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5464420" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q5464420">folk Catholicism</a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5464420?uselang%3Dca" title="Tradueix"><img alt="Tradueix" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161"></a></span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1841?uselang%3Dca%23P527" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"></a></span></span> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"> <div style="float: left;"> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:(Barcelona)_Majestat_Batllo_-_Museu_Nacional_d%27Art_de_Catalunya.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/%28Barcelona%29_Majestat_Batllo_-_Museu_Nacional_d%27Art_de_Catalunya.jpg/220px-%28Barcelona%29_Majestat_Batllo_-_Museu_Nacional_d%27Art_de_Catalunya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/%2528Barcelona%2529_Majestat_Batllo_-_Museu_Nacional_d%2527Art_de_Catalunya.jpg/330px-%2528Barcelona%2529_Majestat_Batllo_-_Museu_Nacional_d%2527Art_de_Catalunya.jpg 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/%2528Barcelona%2529_Majestat_Batllo_-_Museu_Nacional_d%2527Art_de_Catalunya.jpg/440px-%2528Barcelona%2529_Majestat_Batllo_-_Museu_Nacional_d%2527Art_de_Catalunya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="10110" data-file-height="12558"></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Majestat_Batll%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Majestat Batlló">Majestat Batlló</a> (anònim, segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xii</span>), imatge en fusta policromada del segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xii</span> conservada al <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Museu_Nacional_d%27Art_de_Catalunya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya">MNAC</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>Cal dir que hi ha esglésies que no accepten l'autoritat del Papa, però que es consideren catòliques i utilitzen aquest nom.</p> <p>El terme "catòlic" prové de l'adjectiu <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grec_antic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grec antic">grec</a> καθολικός-ή-όν (<i>katholikos</i>), que vol dir "general" o "universal". Aquest adjectiu va ser utilitzat per primera vegada per <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ignasi_d%27Antioquia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ignasi d'Antioquia">Ignasi</a>, bisbe d'Antioquia el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/107?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="107">107</a> dC per referir-se a l'església cristiana no dividida (aleshores) en una epístola als cristians d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esmirna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esmirna">Esmirna</a>. El primer <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Concilis_ecum%C3%A8nics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Concilis ecumènics">concili ecumènic</a> de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Concili_de_Nicea_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Concili de Nicea I">Nicea</a> va confirmar aquest adjectiu per descriure l'església cristiana universal fundada pels apòstols de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jesucrist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesucrist">Jesucrist</a>. Després del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gran_Cisma_d%27Orient?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gran Cisma d'Orient">Gran Cisma d'Orient</a>, l'adjectiu es relaciona amb l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica_Romana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Església Catòlica Romana">Església Catòlica Romana</a>, encara que l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_Ortodoxa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Església Ortodoxa">Església Ortodoxa</a> i algunes esglésies protestants també es consideren "catòliques", en el sentit original de la paraula, "universal".</p> <p>De manera més específica, el terme es refereix només a l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_cat%C3%B2lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Església catòlica">Església catòlica</a>, composta per 23 esglésies <i>sui iuris</i> que es troben en completa comunió amb el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papa">Papa</a> i que en conjunt reuneixen més de mil milions de fidels<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (una sisena part de la població mundial i més de la meitat de tots els fidels cristians).<sup id="cite_ref-Zenit_2-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Zenit-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Britannica_3-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Britannica-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El principal tret distintiu de l'Església catòlica és el reconeixement de l'autoritat i primacia del papa, bisbe de Roma. L'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_cat%C3%B2lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Església catòlica">Església catòlica</a> reconeix el papa com el seu líder universal, però les diferents Esglésies "catòliques" tenen com a cap altres figures i no reconeixen l'autoritat papal. Alguns exemples són l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_Ortodoxa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Església Ortodoxa">Església Ortodoxa</a>, que reconeix el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patriarca_de_Constantinoble?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patriarca de Constantinoble">patriarca de Constantinoble</a>, i la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comuni%C3%B3_Anglicana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Comunió Anglicana">Comunió Anglicana</a>, que té com a cap el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monarca_brit%C3%A0nic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Monarca britànic">monarca britànic</a>. Però hi ha diverses esglésies que comparteixen també l'adjectiu qualificatiu de «catòliques», com l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_Ortodoxa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Església Ortodoxa">Església Ortodoxa</a> i les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sies_ortodoxes_orientals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esglésies ortodoxes orientals">Esglésies ortodoxes orientals</a>, l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_Ass%C3%ADria_Oriental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Església Assíria Oriental">Església Assíria Oriental</a> i les Esglésies que constitueixen la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Comuni%C3%B3_Anglicana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Comunió Anglicana">Comunió Anglicana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> És important destacar que aquestes Esglésies, encara anomenades catòliques, són denominacions completament independents de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_cat%C3%B2lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Església catòlica">Església catòlica</a> de Roma, cada una havent seguit un pas evolutiu diferent, i amb dogmes i creences diferents dels de l'Església de Roma.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="ca" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contingut</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Hist%C3%B2ria_del_catolicisme"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Història del catolicisme</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica_Apost%C3%B2lica_Romana"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Església Catòlica Apostòlica Romana</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Caracter%C3%ADstiques"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Característiques</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Atributs_de_l'Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Atributs de l'Església Catòlica</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Dogmes_de_Fe"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Dogmes de Fe</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sagraments"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Sagraments</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sagraments_d'iniciaci%C3%B3_cristiana"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Sagraments d'iniciació cristiana</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-8"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Baptisme"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Baptisme</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-9"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Comuni%C3%B3"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Comunió</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-10"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Confirmaci%C3%B3"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Confirmació</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sagraments_de_curaci%C3%B3"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.2</span> <span class="toctext">Sagraments de curació</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-12"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Penit%C3%A8ncia,_anomenat_tamb%C3%A9_confessi%C3%B3_o_reconciliaci%C3%B3"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Penitència, anomenat també confessió o reconciliació</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-13"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Unci%C3%B3_dels_malalts_(abans_anomenada_extremunci%C3%B3)"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Unció dels malalts (abans anomenada extremunció)</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sagraments_de_servei_a_la_comunitat"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.3</span> <span class="toctext">Sagraments de servei a la comunitat</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-15"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Matrimoni"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.3.1</span> <span class="toctext">Matrimoni</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-16"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ordre_Sagrat"><span class="tocnumber">2.4.3.2</span> <span class="toctext">Ordre Sagrat</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Conceptes"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Conceptes</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Els_manaments_de_D%C3%A9u"><span class="tocnumber">2.5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Els manaments de Déu</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-19"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Els_cinc_preceptes_del_Compendi_del_Catecisme_de_l'Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica"><span class="tocnumber">2.5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Els cinc preceptes del Compendi del Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-20"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Les_benaurances%5B59%5D"><span class="tocnumber">2.5.3</span> <span class="toctext">Les benaurances<sup><span>[</span>59<span>]</span></sup></span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-21"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Els_set_pecats_capitals"><span class="tocnumber">2.5.4</span> <span class="toctext">Els set pecats capitals</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-22"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Virtuts_del_Catecisme_de_l'Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica,_1812-1829"><span class="tocnumber">2.5.5</span> <span class="toctext">Virtuts del Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica, 1812-1829</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Virtuts_del_Catecisme_de_l'Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica,_1805-1809"><span class="tocnumber">2.5.6</span> <span class="toctext">Virtuts del Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica, 1805-1809</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-24"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pecats_venials_i_Catecisme_de_l'Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica,_1854-1864"><span class="tocnumber">2.5.7</span> <span class="toctext">Pecats venials i Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica, 1854-1864</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-25"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Actes_bons_i_actes_del_Catecisme_de_l'Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica,_1755-1756"><span class="tocnumber">2.5.8</span> <span class="toctext">Actes bons i actes del Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica, 1755-1756</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-26"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Dons_de_l'Esperit_del_Catecisme_de_l'Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica,_1830-1832"><span class="tocnumber">2.5.9</span> <span class="toctext">Dons de l'Esperit del Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica, 1830-1832</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cr%C3%ADtiques"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Crítiques</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Catolicisme_liberal"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Catolicisme liberal</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Posici%C3%B3_de_l'Esgl%C3%A9sia_en_alguns_temes_de_bio%C3%A8tica"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Posició de l'Església en alguns temes de bioètica</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-30"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Peder%C3%A0stia_a_l'Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Pederàstia a l'Església Catòlica</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Les_v%C3%ADctimes"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Les víctimes</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Cobertura_medi%C3%A0tica"><span class="tocnumber">5.2</span> <span class="toctext">Cobertura mediàtica</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-33"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Refer%C3%A8ncies"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Referències</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Vegeu_tamb%C3%A9"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Vegeu també</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Enlla%C3%A7os_externs"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Enllaços externs</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Història_del_catolicisme"><span id="Hist.C3.B2ria_del_catolicisme"></span>Història del catolicisme</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Història del catolicisme" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r30997230">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria_de_l%27Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Història de l'Església Catòlica">Història de l'Església Catòlica</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Christ_Handing_the_Keys_to_St._Peter_by_Pietro_Perugino.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Christ_Handing_the_Keys_to_St._Peter_by_Pietro_Perugino.jpg/220px-Christ_Handing_the_Keys_to_St._Peter_by_Pietro_Perugino.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="480"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 136px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Christ_Handing_the_Keys_to_St._Peter_by_Pietro_Perugino.jpg/220px-Christ_Handing_the_Keys_to_St._Peter_by_Pietro_Perugino.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="136" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Christ_Handing_the_Keys_to_St._Peter_by_Pietro_Perugino.jpg/330px-Christ_Handing_the_Keys_to_St._Peter_by_Pietro_Perugino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Christ_Handing_the_Keys_to_St._Peter_by_Pietro_Perugino.jpg/440px-Christ_Handing_the_Keys_to_St._Peter_by_Pietro_Perugino.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Fresc (1481-1482) de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pietro_Perugino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pietro Perugino">Pietro Perugino</a> a la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Capella_Sixtina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Capella Sixtina">Capella Sixtina</a>, mostrant a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesús">Jesús</a> donant les claus del cel a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant_Pere?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sant Pere">Sant Pere</a>. </figcaption> </figure> <p>El nom d'església catòlica (o catolicisme) s'ha fet servir per fer referència a l'"Església Universal" des de començaments del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Segle_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Segle II">segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">ii</span></a>, car consta l'ús del terme per primer cop a les cartes d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ignasi_d%27Antioquia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ignasi d'Antioquia">Ignasi d'Antioquia</a>, qui, segons <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Joan_Cris%C3%B2stom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Joan Crisòstom">Joan Crisòstom</a>, havia estat ordenat pel mateix <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant_Pere?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sant Pere">Pere</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ray_5-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ray-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>En diverses situacions durant els tres primers segles del cristianisme el bisbe de Roma, considerat el successor de l'apòstol Pere, intervenia en les comunitats per ajudar a resoldre conflictes, com per exemple els papes <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Climent_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Climent I">Climent I</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Víctor I">Víctor I</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calixt_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calixt I">Calixt I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Primacy_of_Peter_8-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-The_Primacy_of_Peter-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Als primers tres segles de la història, l'Església s'organitzava en tres patriarques, els bisbes d'Antioquia, amb jurisdicció sobre <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%ADria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Síria">Síria</a>, i més endavant sobre l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anat%C3%B2lia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anatòlia">Àsia Menor</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gr%C3%A8cia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grècia">Grècia</a>; <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexandria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> de la jurisdicció d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Egipte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Egipte">Egipte</a>, i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma">Roma</a> de la jurisdicció d'Occident.<sup id="cite_ref-New_Advent_9-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-New_Advent-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A continuació els bisbes de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantinoble?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constantinoble">Constantinoble</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jerusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> s'afegiren als patriarques per raons administratives.<sup id="cite_ref-New_Advent_9-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-New_Advent-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primer_Concili_de_Nicea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Primer Concili de Nicea">Primer Concili de Nicea</a>, l'any <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/325?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="325">325</a>, considerà el bisbe de Roma com el <i>primus</i> (primer) entre els patriarques, i l'establiren així en els seus quarts, cinquens i sisens cànons, "seguint la tradició antiga",<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tot i que molts interpreten aquest títol com el <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Primus_inter_pares?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Primus inter pares">primus inter pares</a></i> (primer entre iguals). Es considerà també que el patriarca de Roma posseïa una autoritat especial a causa de la seva relació amb Sant Pere, que havia mort i havia estat enterrat a Roma.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Segons la doctrina catòlica, l'Església va ser fundada per Jesús.<sup id="cite_ref-Kreeft98O_12-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kreeft98O-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "La raó fonamental per a ser catòlic és el fet històric que l'Església Catòlica va ser fundada per Crist, va ser la invenció de Déu, no de l'home... Com el Pare li va donar autoritat a Crist,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Crist va transmetre als seus apòstols,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i va passar als successors que designi com a bisbes.<sup id="cite_ref-LumenChapt3_15-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LumenChapt3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El Nou Testament registra el seu nomenament dels dotze apòstols i donar-los autoritat per continuar el seu treball.<sup id="cite_ref-Kreeft98O_12-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kreeft98O-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Un d'ells, Simó Pere, es va fer al seu cap quan Jesús va proclamar "sobre aquesta roca edificaré la meva església... Jo et donaré les claus del Regne del Cel...".<sup id="cite_ref-LumenChapt3_15-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LumenChapt3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Matthew_17-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Matthew-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SandSp1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SandSp1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OneFaith46_20-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OneFaith46-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En el punt de vista catòlic, la vinguda de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esperit_Sant_en_el_cristianisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esperit Sant en el cristianisme">Esperit Sant</a> sobre els apòstols en un esdeveniment conegut com a Pentecosta va marcar el començament de l'Església i tots els bisbes degudament consagrat des de llavors són considerats els successors dels apòstols.<sup id="cite_ref-LumenChapt3_15-2" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LumenChapt3-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OneFaith46_20-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OneFaith46-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> La narració tradicional llocs de Pere a Roma, on va fundar una església i va servir com el primer bisbe de la Seu de Roma, més tard Linus consagrar com el seu successor, començant així la línia dels Papes.<sup id="cite_ref-Franzen17_21-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Franzen17-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Orlandis11_22-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Orlandis11-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Els elements d'aquest relat tradicional d'acord amb l'evidència històrica supervivent que inclou els escrits de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pau_de_Tars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pau de Tars">Pau de Tars</a>, diversos primers Pares de l'Església (entre ells el papa Climent I),<sup id="cite_ref-Eberhardt_23-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Eberhardt-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i algunes evidències arqueològiques.<sup id="cite_ref-Franzen17_21-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Franzen17-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El consens dels experts general és que el relat de Mateu de Jesús posada en marxa de Pere és l'únic autèntic.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alguns historiadors afirmen que el cristianisme de l'Església Catòlica es remunta a la consagració de Jesús de Pere,<sup id="cite_ref-Orlandis11_22-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Orlandis11-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vidmar39_25-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Vidmar39-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> alguns que Jesús no va fundar una església en la seva vida, però ofereix un marc de creences,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mentre que altres no fan un judici sobre si l'Església va ser fundada per Jesús, sinó d'acord amb l'opinió tradicional que el papat es va originar amb Pere. Aquests afirmen que Roma no hi pot haver tingut un bisbe fins després de l'edat apostòlica i suggerir l'oficina papal pot haver estat sobreposat per la narració tradicional a l'Església primitiva,<sup id="cite_ref-Bokenkotter30_27-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter30-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> encara que alguns reconeixen que l'oficina papal efectivament havia sorgit per la Dècada del 150.<sup id="cite_ref-SandSp7_29-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SandSp7-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-SandSpaperback13_30-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SandSpaperback13-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>L'Església creu que la seva missió es basa en el mandat de Jesús als seus seguidors per propagar la fe en tot el món:<sup id="cite_ref-Norman11_31-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Norman11-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "Per tant, aneu i feu deixebles a totes les nacions, batejant-los en el nom del Pare i del Fill i de l'Esperit Sant, ensenyant-los a observar tot el que jo us he manat, i heus aquí jo estic amb vosaltres cada dia fins a la fi de l'època."<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Norman12_34-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Norman12-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El Papa <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benet_XVI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Benet XVI">Benet XVI</a> resumeix aquesta missió com una triple responsabilitat de proclamar la paraula de Déu, celebrar els sagraments i l'exercici de la caritat.<sup id="cite_ref-DeusCE_35-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-DeusCE-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Com a part del seu ministeri de la caritat, l'Església dirigeix els organismes de tot el món, com ara Caritas Internationalis, les subsidiàries nacionals inclouen CAFOD i Catholic Relief Services. Altres institucions inclouen escoles catòliques, les universitats catòliques, Caridades Catòliques, la Societat de Sant Vicenç de Paül, Trobada Matrimonial, hospitals, orfenats, asils d'ancians, albergs per indigents, així com els ministeris als pobres, les famílies, els ancians, les víctimes de la SIDA, i embarassades i dones maltractades.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Església_Catòlica_Apostòlica_Romana"><span id="Esgl.C3.A9sia_Cat.C3.B2lica_Apost.C3.B2lica_Romana"></span>Església Catòlica Apostòlica Romana</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Església Catòlica Apostòlica Romana" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica_Romana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Església Catòlica Romana">Església Catòlica Romana</a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Catholic_population.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Catholic_population.svg/220px-Catholic_population.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="113" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1314"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 113px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Catholic_population.svg/220px-Catholic_population.svg.png" data-width="220" data-height="113" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Catholic_population.svg/330px-Catholic_population.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Catholic_population.svg/440px-Catholic_population.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Percentatge de la població catòlica. </figcaption> </figure> <p>L'Església Catòlica Apostòlica Romana s'estén principalment a països d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa">Europa</a> del sud-oest, de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Europa_Central?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Europa Central">Europa Central</a>, de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Am%C3%A8rica_Llatina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Amèrica Llatina">Amèrica Llatina</a>, de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%80frica_central?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Àfrica central">Àfrica central</a> i a les Filipines.</p> <p>És l'Església Cristiana amb més extensió i la més antiga de les confessions cristianes, de la qual deriven altres esglésies autodenominades catòliques. El seu centre actual és la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ciutat_del_Vatic%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ciutat del Vaticà">Ciutat del Vaticà</a>, a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma">Roma</a>, on habita el Papa, considerat pels catòlics romans com el cap del col·legi dels bisbes, successor de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant_Pere?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sant Pere">Sant Pere</a>, Vicari de Crist i Pastor de l'Església. La seu papal es traslladà a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aviny%C3%B3_(Valclusa)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avinyó (Valclusa)">Avinyó</a> (<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">França</a>) durant un breu període de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Edat_mitjana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Edat mitjana">edat mitjana</a>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Característiques"><span id="Caracter.C3.ADstiques"></span>Característiques</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Característiques" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Fractio-panis1.JPG?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Fractio-panis1.JPG/220px-Fractio-panis1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="335"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 158px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Fractio-panis1.JPG/220px-Fractio-panis1.JPG" data-width="220" data-height="158" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Fractio-panis1.JPG/330px-Fractio-panis1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Fractio-panis1.JPG/440px-Fractio-panis1.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> L'Eucaristia. </figcaption> </figure> <p>L'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_universal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Església universal">església</a> Catòlica es veu a si mateixa i es proclama com la congregació de tots els que creuen en Crist, dins de la qual els hòmens podem recórrer el camí espiritual cap a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9u_en_el_cristianisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Déu en el cristianisme">Déu</a> vivint l'amor recíproc i per mitjà de l'administració dels <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sagrament?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sagrament">sagraments</a> (<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baptisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baptisme">baptisme</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eucaristia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eucaristia">eucaristia</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confirmaci%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Confirmació">confirmació</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penit%C3%A8ncia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Penitència">penitència</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matrimoni_can%C3%B2nic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Matrimoni canònic">Matrimoni canònic</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordenaci%C3%B3_sacerdotal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordenació sacerdotal">ordenació sacerdotal</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unci%C3%B3_dels_malalts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unció dels malalts">unció dels malalts</a>), a través dels quals Déu atorga la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gr%C3%A0cia_divina?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gràcia divina">gràcia</a> al creient.</p> <p>L'Església Catòlica considera que té encomanada la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Missi%C3%B3_religiosa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Missió religiosa">missió</a> d'elaborar, impartir i propagar l'ensenyament cristià, així com la de tenir cura de la unitat dels fidels. Cal també disposar la gràcia dels sagraments als seus fidels per mitjà del ministeri dels seus sacerdots. A més, l'Església Catòlica es manifesta com una estructura piramidal, en la qual ha de vetllar per mantenir la unitat de tots els fidels i la seva obediència a la doctrina oficial. L'autoritat per ensenyar o <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Magisteri_de_l%27Esgl%C3%A9sia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Magisteri de l'Església">Magisteri de l'Església</a> basa els seus ensenyaments tant en les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%ADblia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bíblia">Sagrades Escriptures</a> com en la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sagrada_Tradici%C3%B3&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sagrada Tradició (encara no existeix)">Sagrada Tradició</a>.</p> <p>L'Església Catòlica es considera a si mateixa com l'església fundada originalment per Jesús amb els Apòstols,<sup id="cite_ref-Cat857_36-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Cat857-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> entre els que Simó Pere, va ocupar el càrrec d'apòstol major.<sup id="cite_ref-Cat551_37-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Cat551-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> L'Església també considera que els seus bisbes, a través de la successió apostòlica, es consagren com els successors d'aquests apòstols,<sup id="cite_ref-Cat860_38-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Cat860-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cat1562_39-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Cat1562-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i que el bisbe de Roma, com a successor de Pere, té una primacia en la jurisdicció universal i l'atenció pastoral.<sup id="cite_ref-Cat880_40-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Cat880-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alguns historiadors del cristianisme recolzen aquesta opinió, mentre que altres no n'estan d'acord.</p> <p>Les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doctrina_de_l%27Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Doctrina de l'Església Catòlica">doctrines de l'Església</a> han estat definides a través de diversos concilis ecumènics, seguint l'exemple dels primers apòstols en el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Concili_de_Jerusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Concili de Jerusalem">Concili de Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schreck152_41-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schreck152-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sobre la base de les promeses fetes per Jesús als seus apòstols, que es descriu en els Evangelis, l'Església creu que és guiada per l'Esperit Sant i així protegits de caure en l'error doctrinal.<sup id="cite_ref-Matthew_17-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Matthew-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-OneFaith43_42-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-OneFaith43-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Les creences catòliques es basen en el dipòsit de la fe (que conté tant la Santa Bíblia i la Sagrada Tradició) heretat de l'època dels Apòstols, que són interpretats pel magisteri de l'Església. Aquestes creences es resumeixen en el Credo de Nicea i formalment es detalla en el Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica.<sup id="cite_ref-cat_44-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-cat-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Formal culte catòlic es denomina la litúrgia. L'Eucaristia és el centre del culte catòlic. És un dels <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Set_Sagraments?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Set Sagraments">Set Sagraments</a> que marquen les etapes clau en la vida dels creients.</p> <p>Encara que l'Església sosté que és "una, santa, catòlica i apostòlica", fundada per <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jes%C3%BAs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesús">Jesús</a> i en la qual es troba la plenitud dels mitjans de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salvaci%C3%B3_en_el_cristianisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salvació en el cristianisme">salvació</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> també reconeix que l'Esperit Sant pot fer ús d'altres comunitats cristianes per portar a la gent a la salvació.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kreeft110_48-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kreeft110-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es creu que és cridat per l'Esperit Sant per treballar per la unitat entre tots els cristians, un moviment conegut com l'ecumenisme.<sup id="cite_ref-Kreeft110_48-1" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Kreeft110-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enfront de les qüestions modernes de l'Església són el laïcisme, l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avortament?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avortament">avortament</a>, l'eutanàsia, el control de la natalitat, i l'ètica sexual.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Atributs_de_l'Església_Catòlica"><span id="Atributs_de_l.27Esgl.C3.A9sia_Cat.C3.B2lica"></span>Atributs de l'Església Catòlica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Atributs de l'Església Catòlica" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>D'acord amb el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catecisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catecisme">catecisme</a> de l'Església Catòlica, aquesta és Una, Santa, Catòlica i Apostòlica. Aquests quatre atributs, inseparablement units entre si, indiquen trets essencials de l'Església i de la seva missió.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Els catòlics professen la seva fe en els quatre atributs de l'Església Catòlica a través del Credo dels Apòstols i del Credo de Nicea-Constantinoble, i per això els tenen com a article o <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dogma_de_fe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogma de fe">dogma de fe</a>. Els quatre atributs de l'Església Catòlica són:</p> <ul> <li><b>Unitat:</b> L'Església és <i>una</i> a causa del seu origen, Déu mateix. Déu és un. És una causa del seu fundador, Crist. L'apòstol Sant Pau, en la seva Primera Carta als Corintis, fa referència a l'Església com a Cos de Crist. "Les parts del cos són moltes, però el cos és un; per moltes que siguin les parts, totes formen un sol cos".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> En una altra carta, també Pau ensenya sobre aquest atribut: <i>mantinguin entre vostès llaços de pau i romanguin units en el mateix esperit. Un sol cos i un mateix esperit, perquè vostès han estat cridats a una mateixa vocació i una mateixa esperança. Un sol Senyor, una sola fe, un sol baptisme, un sol Déu i Pare de tots, que està per damunt de tots, que actua per tots i està en tots.</i> (Ef. 4, 3-6). Crist mateix ensenya i prega per aquesta unitat característica de l'Església fundada per Ell: <i>Que tots siguin un, com tu, Pare, aquestes en mi i jo en tu. Que ells també siguin un en nosaltres, perquè el món cregui que tu m'has enviat</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Santedat:</b> l'Església Catòlica, malgrat els errors i faltes de cadascun dels creients que encara peregrinen a la Terra, és en si mateixa <i>santa</i> doncs Sant és el seu fundador i sants són les seves finalitats i objectius. Així mateix, és santa mitjançant els seus fidels, ja que ells realitzen una acció santificadora. En l'Església Catòlica és qui conté la plenitud total dels mitjans de salvació, i on s'aconsegueix la Santedat per la gràcia de Déu. És Santa perquè els seus membres estan cridats a ser sants.</li> <li><b>Catòlica:</b> amb el significat de "universal" l'Església Catòlica és <i>catòlica</i> quan busca anunciar la Bona Nova i rebre en el seu si a tots els éssers humans, de tot temps i en tot lloc; onsevulla que es trobi un dels seus membres, allà està present l'Església Catòlica. I també, com ho assenyala el Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica, és catòlica perquè Crist és present en ella, el que implica que l'Església Catòlica rep d'Ell la plenitud dels mitjans de salvació.</li> <li><b>Apostòlica:</b> l'Església Catòlica va ser fundada per Crist sobre el fonament de Pere, Cap dels Apòstols, i constituint en autoritat i poder a tot el Col·legi Apostòlic; asseguren que Pere i els altres Apòstols tenen en el Papa i dels Bisbes als seus successors, que exerceixen la mateixa autoritat i el mateix poder que en el seu dia van exercir els primers, provinent directament de Crist. També és <i>apostòlica</i> perquè guarda i transmet els ensenyaments sentits als apòstols.</li> </ul> <p>Aquests atributs es troben en totes les Esglésies particulars que engloba l'Església catòlica, que són les Esglésies particulars de l'Església catòlica Romana (Ritu Llatí) i les Esglésies Rituals autònomes (Ritus Orientals); totes elles tenen en comú els esmentats atributs o característiques essencials i l'autoritat suprema del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papa">Papa</a> com vicari de Crist a la Terra. Per tant, l'Església catòlica es considera a si mateixa com a hereva de la tradició i la doctrina de l'església primitiva fundada per Jesucrist.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Dogmes_de_Fe">Dogmes de Fe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Dogmes de Fe" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Els dogmes catòlics són les creences essencials que identifiquen i defineixen el credo catòlic enfront d'altres confessions cristianes, si bé algunes d'aquestes creences són comunes a altres denominacions cristianes (<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Encarnaci%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Encarnació">Encarnació</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant%C3%ADssima_Trinitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santíssima Trinitat">Trinitat</a>). Per a un catòlic el dogma és una veritat revelada per Déu i proposada per l'Església per la creença indubtable dels fidels.</p> <p>Els dogmes catòlics es basen en la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%ADblia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bíblia">Bíblia</a> i en la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tradici%C3%B3_Apost%C3%B2lica&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tradició Apostòlica (encara no existeix)">Tradició Apostòlica</a>. Així com els hebreus tenien la seva tradició (que va ser la base de gran part dels llibres de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antic_Testament?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antic Testament">Antic Testament</a>), els catòlics creuen en la tradició apostòlica transmesa de generació en generació de forma escrita i oral.</p> <p>Alguns dogmes essencials del catolicisme són:</p> <ul> <li>La <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant%C3%ADssima_Trinitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santíssima Trinitat">Trinitat</a> de Déu, segons la qual hi ha tres persones divines, no tres déus: el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9u_Pare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Déu Pare">Pare</a>, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crist">Fill</a> i l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esperit_Sant_en_el_cristianisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esperit Sant en el cristianisme">Esperit Sant</a>, que formen un únic Déu.</li> <li>L'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eucaristia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eucaristia">Eucaristia:</a> el pa i el vi transformats en el Cos i la Sang de Crist.</li> <li>La <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Immaculada_Concepci%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Immaculada Concepció">Immaculada Concepció</a>, que sosté la creença que Maria, mare de Jesús, a diferència de tots els altres éssers humans, no va ser aconseguida pel <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pecat_original?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pecat original">pecat original</a> sinó que, des del primer instant de la seva concepció, és a dir, del seu ésser personal, va estar lliure de tot pecat.</li> <li>La Maternitat Divina (la Verge és la mare de Déu).</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sagraments">Sagraments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Sagraments" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Els catòlics reconeixen set <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sagrament?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sagrament">sagraments</a>, els quals creuen que van ser instituïts pel mateix Jesucrist:</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Sagraments_d'iniciació_cristiana"><span id="Sagraments_d.27iniciaci.C3.B3_cristiana"></span>Sagraments d'iniciació cristiana</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Sagraments d'iniciació cristiana" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Baptisme"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baptisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baptisme">Baptisme</a></h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Baptisme" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Nominalment, la paraula batejar significa "submergir", "introduir dins de l'aigua", la immersió en l'aigua simbolitza l'acte de sepultar el catecumen en la mort de Crist d'on surt per la resurrecció amb El (cf. Rm. 6, 3 -4; Col 2, 12) com a nova criatura (2 Co 5, 17; Ga. 6, 15) (Catecisme n. 1214).</p> <p>Entre els sagraments, ocupa el primer lloc perquè és el fonament de tota la vida cristiana, el pòrtic de la vida en l'esperit i la porta que obre l'accés als altres sagraments. Segons el catecisme (n. 1213), pel Baptisme els cristians són alliberats del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pecat_original?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pecat original">pecat</a> i regenerats com a fills de Déu, arriben a ser membres de Crist i són incorporats a l'Església i fets partícips de la seva missió.</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pau_de_Tars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pau de Tars">Sant Pau</a> l'anomena bany de regeneració i renovació de l'Esperit Sant (Tit. 3, 5);</li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sant_Lle%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Sant Lleó">Sant Lleó</a> compara la regeneració del baptisme amb el si virginal de Maria;</li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tom%C3%A0s_d%27Aquino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tomàs d'Aquino">Sant Tomàs</a>, assemblant la vida espiritual amb la vida corporal, veu en el baptisme el naixement a la vida sobrenatural.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Comunió"><span id="Comuni.C3.B3"></span><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eucaristia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eucaristia">Comunió</a></h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Comunió" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La Sagrada Eucaristia culmina la iniciació cristiana. Els que han estat elevats a la dignitat del sacerdoci real pel Baptisme i configurats més profundament amb Crist per la Confirmació participen per mitjà de l'Eucaristia amb tota la comunitat en el sacrifici mateix del Senyor.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Cal esmentar que, per al catolicisme romà, l'Eucaristia no representa un símbol sinó que és Jesucrist mateix amb el seu cos, sang, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%80nima?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ànima">ànima</a> i divinitat presents en l'Eucaristia. A causa d'això és anomenat El Santíssim Sagrament.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Confirmació"><span id="Confirmaci.C3.B3"></span><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Confirmaci%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Confirmació">Confirmació</a></h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Confirmació" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Amb el Baptisme i l'Eucaristia, el sagrament de la Confirmació constitueix el conjunt dels "sagraments de la iniciació cristiana", la unitat ha de ser salvaguardada. Cal, doncs, explicar als fidels que la recepció d'aquest sagrament és necessària per a la plenitud de la gràcia baptismal (cf. OCF, Praenotanda 1). En efecte, als batejats "el sagrament de la confirmació els uneix més íntimament a l'Església i els enriqueix amb una fortalesa especial de l'Esperit Sant. D'aquesta manera es comprometen molt més, com autèntics testimonis de Crist, a estendre i defensar la fe amb les seves paraules i les seves obres "(<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lumen_Gentium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lumen Gentium">LG</a> 11; cf OCF, Praenotanda 2)<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Sagraments_de_curació"><span id="Sagraments_de_curaci.C3.B3"></span>Sagraments de curació</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Sagraments de curació" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Penitència,_anomenat_també_confessió_o_reconciliació"><span id="Penit.C3.A8ncia.2C_anomenat_tamb.C3.A9_confessi.C3.B3_o_reconciliaci.C3.B3"></span><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Penit%C3%A8ncia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Penitència">Penitència</a>, anomenat també confessió o reconciliació</h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Penitència, anomenat també confessió o reconciliació" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>D'acord amb el catecisme de l'Església catòlica:</p> <ul> <li>Se li denomina sagrament de <i>conversió</i> perquè realitza sacramentalment la crida de Jesús a la conversió (cf. Mc 1,15), la volta al Pare (cf. Lc 15,18) del que l'home s'havia allunyat pel pecat.</li> <li>Es denomina sagrament de la <i>Penitència</i> perquè consagra un procés personal i eclesial de conversió, de penediment i de reparació per part del cristià pecador.</li> <li>És anomenat sagrament de la <i>confessió</i> perquè la declaració o manifestació, la confessió dels pecats davant el sacerdot, és un element essencial d'aquest sagrament. En un sentit profund aquest sagrament és també una "confessió", reconeixement i lloança de la santedat de Déu i de la seva misericòrdia envers l'home pecador.</li> <li>Se li anomena sagrament del <i>perdó</i> perquè, per l'absolució sacramental del prevere, Déu concedeix al penitent "el perdó i la pau" (OP, fórmula de l'absolució).</li> <li>Se li denomina sagrament de <i>reconciliació</i> perquè dona al pecador l'amor de Déu que reconcilia: "Deixeu-vos reconciliar amb Déu" (2 Co 5,20). Qui viu de l'amor misericordiós de Déu està aviat a respondre a la crida del Senyor: "Aneu primer a paus amb el teu germà" (Mt 5,24).<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Unció_dels_malalts_(abans_anomenada_extremunció)"><span id="Unci.C3.B3_dels_malalts_.28abans_anomenada_extremunci.C3.B3.29"></span><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unci%C3%B3_dels_malalts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unció dels malalts">Unció dels malalts</a> (abans anomenada <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Extremunci%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Extremunció">extremunció</a>)</h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Unció dels malalts (abans anomenada extremunció)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Amb la sagrada unció dels malalts i amb l'oració dels preveres, tota l'Església encomana els malalts al Senyor sofrent i glorificat perquè els alleugi i els salvi. Fins i tot els anima a unir-se lliurement a la passió i mort de Crist, i contribuir, així, al bé del Poble de Déu "(<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lumen_Gentium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lumen Gentium">LG</a> 11).<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Sagraments_de_servei_a_la_comunitat">Sagraments de servei a la comunitat</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Sagraments de servei a la comunitat" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Matrimoni"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Matrimoni_cat%C3%B2lic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Matrimoni catòlic">Matrimoni</a></h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Matrimoni" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>"L'aliança matrimonial, per la qual l'home i la dona constitueixen entre si un consorci de tota la vida, ordenat per la seva índole natural al bé dels cònjuges i a la generació i educació dels infants, va ser elevada per Crist, el Senyor a la dignitat de sagrament entre batejats" (<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Codi_de_dret_can%C3%B2nic?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Codi de dret canònic">CIC</a>, ca. 1.055,1)<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Ordre_Sagrat"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ordre_sacerdotal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordre sacerdotal">Ordre Sagrat</a></h5><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Ordre Sagrat" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>L'ordre és el sagrament gràcies a com la missió que Crist confia als seus Apòstols segueix sent exercida en l'Església fins a la fi dels temps. És, doncs, el sagrament del ministeri apostòlic. Comprèn tres graus: l'episcopat, el presbiterat i el diaconat.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Conceptes">Conceptes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Conceptes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Els_manaments_de_Déu"><span id="Els_manaments_de_D.C3.A9u"></span>Els manaments de Déu</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Els manaments de Déu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deu_manaments?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deu manaments">Deu manaments</a> </div> <p>Els <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deu_manaments?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deu manaments">deu manaments</a>: segons el <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catecisme_de_l%27Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica">Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica</a></i>, adaptats dels llibres d'Èxode (20, 2-17) i Deuteronomi (5, 6-21), són els següents:</p> <ol> <li><i>Estimaràs Déu sobre totes les coses</i>.</li> <li><i>No prendràs el nom del Déu en va</i>.</li> <li><i>Santificaràs El dia del Senyor</i>.</li> <li><i>Honraràs el teu pare i la teva mare</i>.</li> <li><i>No mataràs</i>.</li> <li><i>No cometràs actes impurs</i>.</li> <li><i>No robaràs.</i></li> <li><i>No aixecaràs fals testimoni ni mentiràs</i>.</li> <li><i>No consentiràs pensaments ni desitjos impurs</i>.</li> <li><i>No cobejaràs els béns aliens</i>.</li> </ol> <p>Tots aquests es resumeixen en dues: <i>Estimaràs Déu sobre totes les coses, i estimaràs el teu proïsme com a tu mateix</i>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Els_cinc_preceptes_del_Compendi_del_Catecisme_de_l'Església_Catòlica"><span id="Els_cinc_preceptes_del_Compendi_del_Catecisme_de_l.27Esgl.C3.A9sia_Cat.C3.B2lica"></span>Els cinc preceptes del Compendi del Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Els cinc preceptes del Compendi del Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <ol> <li>Celebrar l'eucaristia sencera tots els diumenges i festes de guardar.</li> <li>Confessar els pecats mortals almenys un cop l'any, en perill de mort, i si s'ha de combregar.</li> <li>Combregar almenys per Pasqua de Resurrecció.</li> <li>Dejunar i abstenir-se de menjar carn quan ho mana l'Església.</li> <li>Ajudar l'Església en les seves necessitats.</li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Les_benaurances[59]"><span id="Les_benaurances.5B59.5D"></span>Les benaurances<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Les benaurances[59]" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <ol> <li><i>Feliços els pobres en l'esperit: d'ells és el Regne del cel</i>.</li> <li><i>Feliços els humils: ells posseiran la terra</i>.</li> <li><i>Feliços els qui ploren: Déu els consolarà</i>.</li> <li><i>Feliços els qui tenen fam i set de justícia, perquè ells seran sadollats</i>.</li> <li><i>Feliços els compassius: Déu se'n compadirà</i>.</li> <li><i>Feliços els nets de cor, perquè veuran Déu</i>.</li> <li><i>Feliços els pacificadors, Déu els anomenarà fills de Déu</i>.</li> <li><i>Feliços els perseguits pel fet de ser justs: d'ells és el Regne del cel</i>. (Mt 05:10)</li> <li><i>Feliços vosaltres quan us insultaran, us perseguiran i escamparan contra vosaltres tota mena de calúmnies per la meva causa. Alegreu-vos i ho celebreu perquè la vostra recompensa és gran en el cel.</i></li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Els_set_pecats_capitals">Els set pecats capitals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Els set pecats capitals" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pecats_capitals?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pecats capitals">Pecats capitals</a> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sup%C3%A8rbia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Supèrbia">Supèrbia</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avar%C3%ADcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avarícia">Avarícia</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lux%C3%BAria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luxúria">Luxúria</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ira_(sentiment)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ira (sentiment)">Ira</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gola_(pecat)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gola (pecat)">Gola</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enveja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enveja">Enveja</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandra">Mandra</a></li> </ul> <p>Als pecats capitals s'oposen set virtuts:</p> <ul> <li>Contra <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sup%C3%A8rbia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Supèrbia">supèrbia</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Humilitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Humilitat">humilitat</a>.</li> <li>Contra <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avar%C3%ADcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avarícia">avarícia</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Generositat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Generositat">generositat</a>.</li> <li>Contra <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lux%C3%BAria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Luxúria">luxúria</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Castedat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Castedat">castedat</a>.</li> <li>Contra <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ira_(sentiment)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ira (sentiment)">ira</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paci%C3%A8ncia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paciència">paciència</a>.</li> <li>Contra <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gola_(pecat)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gola (pecat)">gola</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tempran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Temprança">temprança</a>.</li> <li>Contra <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enveja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enveja">enveja</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caritat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caritat">caritat</a>;</li> <li>Contra <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mandra?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandra">mandra</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dilig%C3%A8ncia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diligència">diligència</a>.</li> </ul> <p>A més, es consideren les Virtuts Teologals i les Cardinals.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Virtuts_del_Catecisme_de_l'Església_Catòlica,_1812-1829"><span id="Virtuts_del_Catecisme_de_l.27Esgl.C3.A9sia_Cat.C3.B2lica.2C_1812-1829"></span>Virtuts del Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica, 1812-1829</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Virtuts del Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica, 1812-1829" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fe">Fe</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esperan%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Esperança">Esperança</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caritat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caritat">Caritat o amor</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Virtuts_del_Catecisme_de_l'Església_Catòlica,_1805-1809"><span id="Virtuts_del_Catecisme_de_l.27Esgl.C3.A9sia_Cat.C3.B2lica.2C_1805-1809"></span>Virtuts del Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica, 1805-1809</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Virtuts del Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica, 1805-1809" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tempran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Temprança">Temprança</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fortalesa_(virtut)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortalesa (virtut)">Fortalesa</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Just%C3%ADcia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Justícia">Justícia</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prud%C3%A8ncia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prudència">Prudència</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Pecats_venials_i_Catecisme_de_l'Església_Catòlica,_1854-1864"><span id="Pecats_venials_i_Catecisme_de_l.27Esgl.C3.A9sia_Cat.C3.B2lica.2C_1854-1864"></span>Pecats venials i Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica, 1854-1864</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Pecats venials i Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica, 1854-1864" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Amb base en l'anterior, el catecisme de l'Església Catòlica reconeix dos tipus de <b><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pecat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pecat">pecats</a>:</b> <i>venials i mortals</i>. Perquè un pecat sigui mortal (infracció greu que destrueix la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caritat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caritat">caritat</a> de l'home) es requereixen tres condicions: És pecat mortal el que té com objecte una <b>matèria greu</b> (manca a un dels 10 manaments), que sigui comès amb <b>ple coneixement</b> (que la persona sàpiga que la falta és un pecat), i <b>deliberat consentiment</b> (que la persona sigui conscient del que fa i no ho faci sota pressió de persones o circumstàncies).</p> <p>El pecat venial és una infracció lleu, que si bé no trenca la relació d'amistat de l'home amb Déu, com ho fa el pecat mortal, sí que deteriora aquesta relació, i disposa a l'home per caure en pecat mortal.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Actes_bons_i_actes_del_Catecisme_de_l'Església_Catòlica,_1755-1756"><span id="Actes_bons_i_actes_del_Catecisme_de_l.27Esgl.C3.A9sia_Cat.C3.B2lica.2C_1755-1756"></span>Actes bons i actes del Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica, 1755-1756</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Actes bons i actes del Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica, 1755-1756" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Segons el catecisme de l'Església catòlica i la moral cristiana en general,<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hi ha actes bons i actes dolents, on un <i>acte moralment bo</i> suposa al mateix temps la <i>bondat de l'objecte</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Nota 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>de la fi</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Nota 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i de <i>les circumstàncies</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Nota 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Una finalitat dolenta corromp l'acció, encara que el seu objecte sigui de seu bo (per exemple: pregar i dejunar "perquè la gent us vegi").<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Nota 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>En canvi, un acte dolent pot ser dolent sia perquè l'objecte de l'elecció sigui dolent (com blasfemar) o perquè la finalitat d'aquest acte és il·lícita. Independentment de les circumstàncies i de les intencions, són sempre greument il·lícits per raó del seu objecte, per exemple, la blasfèmia i el perjuri, l'homicidi i l'adulteri. No està permès fer el mal per obtenir un bé.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>Nota 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Dons_de_l'Esperit_del_Catecisme_de_l'Església_Catòlica,_1830-1832"><span id="Dons_de_l.27Esperit_del_Catecisme_de_l.27Esgl.C3.A9sia_Cat.C3.B2lica.2C_1830-1832"></span>Dons de l'Esperit del Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica, 1830-1832</h4><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Dons de l'Esperit del Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica, 1830-1832" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Són set:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saviesa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saviesa">Do de saviesa</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Enteniment?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Enteniment">Do d'enteniment</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Consell?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Consell">Do de consell</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fortalesa_(virtut)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortalesa (virtut)">Do de fortalesa</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ci%C3%A8ncia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ciència">Do de ciència</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pietat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pietat">Do de pietat</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Temor_de_D%C3%A9u?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Temor de Déu">Temor de Déu</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Crítiques"><span id="Cr.C3.ADtiques"></span>Crítiques</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Crítiques" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fitxer:Galileo_before_the_Holy_Office.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Galileo_before_the_Holy_Office.jpg/220px-Galileo_before_the_Holy_Office.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="340"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 140px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Galileo_before_the_Holy_Office.jpg/220px-Galileo_before_the_Holy_Office.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="140" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Galileo_before_the_Holy_Office.jpg/330px-Galileo_before_the_Holy_Office.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Galileo_before_the_Holy_Office.jpg/440px-Galileo_before_the_Holy_Office.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Galileo_Galilei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileu</a> davant la inquisició </figcaption> </figure> <p>L'Església Catòlica ha rebut moltes crítiques al llarg de la seva història, des de dins com des de fora d'ella. Les crítiques es poden dividir en doctrinals i de pràctiques dels seus membres.</p> <ul> <li>Pràctiques dels seus membres entre elles cal esmentar les crítiques a la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santa_Inquisici%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Inquisició">Santa Inquisició</a>, tema que segons l'Església Catòlica d'Espanya, ha estat exagerat i falsificat. A aquest tipus pertany l'escàndol de casos d'abús sexual que han donat lloc a condemnes penals i civils en diversos països. També ha rebut crítiques pel suport actiu que alguns membres destacats de la jerarquia catòlica van donar a règims dictatorials (dictadures militars a Amèrica Llatina, règims feixistes a Espanya i Itàlia o la posició negacionista de certs clergues).</li> <li>Crítiques en matèria doctrinal: les crítiques pel que fa a la doctrina s'han basat moltes vegades en el fet que l'església catòlica exposa creences, doctrines i conceptes que alguns pensen no estan presents a la Bíblia. A més, es destaca la controvèrsia amb grups protestants al voltant d'alguns llibres bíblics, considerats apòcrifs pels protestants (Entre ells, el llibre de l'Eclesiàstic i Tobit) els quals es troben definits com a part del cànon original de la Bíblia (conegut com a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A0non_Alexandr%C3%AD&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cànon Alexandrí (encara no existeix)">Cànon Alexandrí</a> o Cànon Catòlic), conformant la classificació dels llibres bíblics Deuterocanònics.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Catolicisme_liberal">Catolicisme liberal</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Catolicisme liberal" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p>El corrent que, durant el segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xix</span>, es va denominar catolicisme liberal té arrels que es remunten diversos segles enrere. En aquest cas, a l'època del <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renaixement?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renaixement">Renaixement</a>, lligades a l'anomenat <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Humanisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Humanisme">humanisme</a> cristià, el principal exponent va ser <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erasmus_de_Rotterdam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Erasmus de Rotterdam">Erasmus de Rotterdam</a>, i en el cas espanyol, el grup d'intel·lectuals reunits entorn de la Universitat d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alcal%C3%A1_de_Henares?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alcalá de Henares">Alcalá de Henares</a>, fundada pel <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cardenal_Cisneros?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardenal Cisneros">cardenal Jiménez de Cisneros</a>.</p> <p>Més endavant, al segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">xviii</span>, la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Il%C2%B7lustraci%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Il·lustració">Il·lustració</a> va influir en diversos cercles de catòlics <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fran%C3%A7a?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="França">francesos</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/B%C3%A8lgica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bèlgica">belgues</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alemanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alemanya">alemanys</a> i <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pa%C3%AFsos_Baixos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Països Baixos">holandesos</a>, constituint doctrines (<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Regalisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Regalisme">regalisme</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gal%C2%B7licanisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gal·licanisme">gal·licanisme</a>, molinisme, febronianisme i josefisme, entre d'altres) que exaltaven l'individualisme i la racionalització de les concepcions i expressions religioses (<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lliure_albir?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lliure albir">lliure albir</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moral?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moral">moral</a> austera, rebuig a les pràctiques <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barroc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barroc">barroques</a>) igual que una modificació de l'organització religiosa, en donar suport als intents de creació d'esglésies nacionals.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Posició_de_l'Església_en_alguns_temes_de_bioètica"><span id="Posici.C3.B3_de_l.27Esgl.C3.A9sia_en_alguns_temes_de_bio.C3.A8tica"></span>Posició de l'Església en alguns temes de bioètica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Posició de l'Església en alguns temes de bioètica" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li>Posició contrària a l'avortament: L'avortament provocat és considerat, per l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_cat%C3%B2lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Església catòlica">Església catòlica</a>, l'assassinat d'un <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89sser_hum%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ésser humà">ésser humà</a> innocent (ja que consideren que l'ou o <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zigot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zigot">zigot</a> ja és un ésser humà des del mateix moment de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fecundaci%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fecundació">concepció</a>). Es basa en el <i>dret inalienable de tot individu humà innocent a la vida</i>. Considera la cooperació formal a un avortament com una falta greu sancionada amb pena canònica d'excomunió.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>L'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eutan%C3%A0sia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eutanàsia">eutanàsia</a> no és acceptada perquè, segons l'Església catòlica, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/D%C3%A9u_en_el_cristianisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Déu en el cristianisme">Déu</a> té l'exclusiu dret sobre la vida de l'ésser humà per sobre del que aquest té sobre si mateix.</li> <li>Oposició a l'ús de mètodes <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anticonceptiu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Anticonceptiu">anticonceptius</a>: es basa en el concepte de <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sexualitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sexualitat">sexualitat</a> que té l'Església catòlica, per la qual la sexualitat és alhora expressió d'«amor i unió», d'una banda, i força de «procreació», de l'altre. Els dos aspectes, segons l'Església catòlica, no es poden separar l'un de l'altre. L'Església acceptaria, si són usats correctament, el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/M%C3%A8tode_Billings?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mètode Billings">mètode de Billings</a> i el mètode Ogino-Knaus.</li> <li>Oposició a la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clonaci%C3%B3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Clonació">clonació</a> i a la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fecundaci%C3%B3_in_vitro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Fecundació in vitro">fecundació in vitro</a>: atès que per aconseguir un sol fetus viable s'han de descartar molts altres que no compleixen els requisits de viabilitat, l'Església catòlica és contrària a aquestes pràctiques, és a dir, considera que la fecundació s'hauria de produir en un context d'amor i dins de les relacions entre els esposos.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Pederàstia_a_l'Església_Catòlica"><span id="Peder.C3.A0stia_a_l.27Esgl.C3.A9sia_Cat.C3.B2lica"></span>Pederàstia a l'Església Catòlica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Pederàstia a l'Església Catòlica" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r30997230"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Article principal: <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Casos_d%27abusos_sexuals_comesos_per_membres_de_l%27Esgl%C3%A9sia_cat%C3%B2lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Casos d'abusos sexuals comesos per membres de l'Església catòlica">Casos d'abusos sexuals comesos per membres de l'Església catòlica</a> </div> <p>L'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Església Catòlica">Església Catòlica</a>, sacsejada per escàndols sexuals de nens, està treballant per erradicar la pràctica entre els seus sacerdots. El <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_de_febrer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="2 de febrer">2 de febrer</a> de 1961 el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vatic%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaticà">Vaticà</a> va emetre un document, "Instrucció sobre l'acurada selecció i formació de candidats per als estats de perfecció i de les Sagrades Ordres", llevant del sacerdoci a qualsevol persona que tingui "la perversa inclinació a l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Homosexualitat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Homosexualitat">homosexualitat</a> o la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peder%C3%A0stia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pederàstia">pederàstia</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>Els casos d'abusos sexuals comesos per membres de l'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_cat%C3%B2lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Església catòlica">Església catòlica</a> són una sèrie d'acusacions, investigacions, judicis i condemnes de crims d'<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ab%C3%BAs_sexual_infantil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Abús sexual infantil">abusos sexuals contra infants</a> comesos per <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Prevere?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Prevere">preveres</a>, <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monja?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monja">monges</a> i membres d'ordes <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Església Catòlica">catòlics</a> contra nens i joves.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Les_víctimes"><span id="Les_v.C3.ADctimes"></span>Les víctimes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=31&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Les víctimes" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Els nens i joves víctimes dels abusos, alguns des dels 3 anys, i amb la majoria comesos contra nens d'entre 11 i 14 anys.<sup id="cite_ref-hundreds_68-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-hundreds-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Molts d'aquests casos s'han desenvolupat durant dècades i s'han escolat molts anys des que l'abús es va cometre. Algunes acusacions s'han realitzat també contra membres de la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jerarquia_de_l%27Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jerarquia de l'Església Catòlica">jerarquia de l'Església Catòlica</a> que no informà de les acusacions d'abusos sexuals a les autoritats legals; sinó que es limitaren a traslladar els preveres abusadors a altres parròquies, on els abusos continuaren.<sup id="cite_ref-Bruni,_p.336_71-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bruni,_p.336-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Això ha comportat diversos casos de frau, on l'Església ha estat acusada de menystenir les víctimes traslladant deliberadament els preveres acusats d'abusos, en comptes de retirar-los dels seus càrrecs.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquesta actitud va canviar, però, amb l'arribada a la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ciutat_del_Vatic%C3%A0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ciutat del Vaticà">Ciutat del Vaticà</a> de l'argentí <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papa_Francesc?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Francesc">Papa Francesc</a>, l'any 2013. Semblava ben decidit a no negar ni amagar més els pecats que es donen en el si de la institució que representa, i que cometen aquells que precisament haurien de ser exemple de bon comportament. Públicament, va entonar el <i>mea culpa,</i> i va demanar perdó. I ja en el 2016 es manté ferm en el compromís a anar fins al final per acabar amb els abusos sexuals a menors. Una mena de nou protocol obliga els bisbes a prendre mesures, eclesiàstiques i penals davant del descobriment de qualsevol cas de pederàstia. Malgrat que aquest crim ha estat reiteradament afrontat pel Papa, encara hi ha qui pensa que Francesc no s'ha implicat prou en la lluita contra la pederàstia, com el <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Te%C3%B2leg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Teòleg">teòleg</a> Vito Mancuso i altres observadors de l'ala liberal. Entrevistat per la premsa italiana, Mancuso va dir que “el problema d'aquest pontificat és que la radicalitat dels gestos no es correspon amb la del govern”, i va assenyalar que “la fortíssima popularitat de Francesc, sobretot en el primer període, hauria pogut permetre decisions de més coratge”,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Cobertura_mediàtica"><span id="Cobertura_medi.C3.A0tica"></span>Cobertura mediàtica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=32&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Cobertura mediàtica" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>Els casos han rebut una atenció significativa dels mitjans arreu del món, especialment al Canadà, a Irlanda i als Estats Units. En resposta a aquesta cobertura mediàtica, membres de la jerarquia de l'Església han afirmat que la cobertura dels mitjans ha estat excessiva i desproporcionada.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_74-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated7-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> D'acord amb un estudi del Pew Research Center, la cobertura dels mitjans principalment emanà dels Estats Units el 2002, quan el <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boston_Globe?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston Globe">Boston Globe</a></i> començà una investigació crítica. Pel 2010 la major part de la informació se centrà en els abusos a Europa.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_75-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated5-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_76-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated6-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Des de 2001 a 2010, la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santa_Seu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santa Seu">Santa Seu</a> ha <i>considerat que les acusacions d'abusos sexuals relatives a uns 3.000 preveres poden retrocedir fins a 50 anys</i>, d'acord amb el Promotor de Justícia vaticà.<sup id="cite_ref-LBTCSA_77-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LBTCSA-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Els casos arreu del món mostren models d'abusos continuats des de molt temps i la cobertura dels informes.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Els funcionaris diocesans i acadèmics diuen que els abusos sexuals per part del clergat generalment no es discuteix, i que és difícil de mesurar.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A les <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Filipines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Filipines">Filipines</a>, on un 85% de la població és catòlica, les denúncies d'abusos a menors per part de capellans seguí l'informe dels Estats Units el 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_89-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-BBC_News-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> <p>La recerca i l'opinió dels experts el 2010 indicà que les proves no senyalaven que els homes pertanyents a l'Església Catòlica fossin més propensos que els altres a cometre abusos,<sup id="cite_ref-news.uk.msn.com_90-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-news.uk.msn.com-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> i indicà que la prevalència dels abusos per part de capellans havia caigut significativament en els darrers 20 o 30 anys.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_94-0" class="reference"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Lewis-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=33&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Referències" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <div class="reflist {{#if: | references-column-count references-column-count-{{{col}}}" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">O <i>Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae</i> (<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-88-209-7928-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-88-209-7928-7">ISBN 978-88-209-7928-7</a>) indica 1,114,966,000 com nombre total de fidels en l'últim dia de 2005.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Zenit-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Zenit_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.zenit.org/en/articles/number-of-catholics-increases-worldwide">Number of Catholics increases worldwide. 2010 "Annuario" shows growth in Àsia and Africa</a>» (en anglès). <i>2010 Annuario Pontifici</i>. Zenit News Agency, 03-01-2012.</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Britannica-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Britannica_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal">Marty, Martin E., Chadwick, Henry, Pelikan, Jaroslav Jan. <i>"Christianity" in the Encyclopædia Britannica Millennium Edition</i>. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc, 2000. «The Roman Catholics in the world outnumber all other Christians combined.»</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Christianity%22+in+the+Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Millennium+Edition&rft.au=Marty%2C+Martin+E.%2C+Chadwick%2C+Henry%2C+Pelikan%2C+Jaroslav+Jan&rft.date=2000&rft.pub=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Inc"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Gros, Jeffrey, Eamon McManus, Ann Riggs (1998). <i>Introduction to Ecumenism.</i> Paulist Press. pp. 154-155. <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-8091-3794-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-8091-3794-7">ISBN 978-0-8091-3794-7</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Ray-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ray_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ray, Stephen. Upon this Rock. San Francisco, CA: Ignatius Press, 1999. p.119. Pot consultar-se a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.cat/books?id%3DRnQiVgUn728C%26lpg%3DPP1%26pg%3DPP1%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse">Google Books</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFWoodhead2004"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Woodhead</span>, Linda. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.cat/books?id%3DEsctaP__5yQC%26pg%3DPA34%26dq%3Dignatious%2Bwhere%2Bthe%2Bbishop%2Bis%2Bthere%2Bis%2Bthe%2Bcatholic%2Bchurch%26lr%3D">An Introduction to Christianity</a>». Cambridge University Press, 2004. [Consulta: 18 novembre 2008].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Les primeres llistes dels Papes diuen que el Papa que va succeir l'Apòstol Sant Pere fou <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lli_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lli I">Lli I</a>. Eamon Duffy, <i>Saints and Sinners: A History of the Popes</i> (Yale Nota Bene, 2002) Apèndix A.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-The_Primacy_of_Peter-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-The_Primacy_of_Peter_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Fr. Nicholas Afanassieff: <i>"The Primacy of Peter"</i> Ch. 4, pgs. 126-127 (c. 1992)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-New_Advent-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-New_Advent_9-0">9,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-New_Advent_9-1">9,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11549a.htm">Patriarch and Patriarchate</a>».</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Congar, Yves. Elgisé et papauté. Les Éditions du Cerf. <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1994?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="1994">1994</a>. <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/2-204-05090-3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/2-204-05090-3">ISBN 2-204-05090-3</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Radeck, Francisco; Dominic Radecki (2004). Tumultuous Times. St. Joseph's Media. p. 79. <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-9715061-0-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-9715061-0-7">ISBN 978-0-9715061-0-7</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kreeft98O-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kreeft98O_12-0">12,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kreeft98O_12-1">12,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Kreeft, p. 98.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jn 5:22; Mt 28:18-20</span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lc 10:16</span></li> <li id="cite_note-LumenChapt3-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LumenChapt3_15-0">15,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LumenChapt3_15-1">15,1</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LumenChapt3_15-2">15,2</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFPaul_VI1964"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Paul VI</span>, Pope. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html">Lumen Gentium</a>». Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1964. [Consulta: 19 novembre 2009].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFVatican_Council_I1996"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Vatican Council I</span>. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20091230080353/http://ewtn.com/faith/teachings/papae1.htm">Dogmatic Constitution Pastor aeternus on the Church of Christ</a>». EWTN, 1996. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ewtn.com/faith/teachings/papae1.htm">original</a> el 2009-12-30. [Consulta: 24 novembre 2009].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Matthew-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Matthew_17-0">17,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Matthew_17-1">17,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Mateu, 16:18-19</span></li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFFirst_Vatican_Council1870"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">First Vatican Council</span>. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20091230080353/http://ewtn.com/faith/teachings/papae1.htm">Pastor aeternus</a>». EWTN, 18-07-1870. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ewtn.com/faith/teachings/papae1.htm">original</a> el 2009-12-30. [Consulta: 20 novembre 2009].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-SandSp1-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SandSp1_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Duffy, p. 1.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-OneFaith46-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-OneFaith46_20-0">20,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-OneFaith46_20-1">20,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry, p. 46. "Jesús va confiar a la seva Església als seus apòstols, els seus líders elegits que havia format en la fe ... els va assegurar que l'Esperit Sant sempre estaria amb ells ... Jesús digué als seus apòstols "Tot el poder en el cel i la terra s'ha donat a mi. Per tant, id, i feu deixebles a tots els pobles ... ensenyant-los a guardar tot el que us he manat. I vet aquí que jo estic amb vosaltres tots els dies fins al final de l'època. Mateu 28: 18-20 Amb la vinguda de l'Esperit Sant en la <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pentecosta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pentecosta">Pentecosta</a>, l'Església va entrar en el món. L'Església era llavors, com ara, el signe visible de la tasca contínua de Crist en el món. Jesús havia lliurat els papers de lideratge i servei a la seva comunitat a Pere i als altres apòstols."</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Franzen17-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Franzen17_21-0">21,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Franzen17_21-1">21,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Franzen pp. 17-18</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Orlandis11-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Orlandis11_22-0">22,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Orlandis11_22-1">22,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Orlandis, p. 11</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Eberhardt-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Eberhardt_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eberhardt, p. 60</span></li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Daniel William O'Connor. "Saint Peter the Apostle." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 27 Nov. 2009 <span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/453832/Saint-Peter-the-Apostle">Enllaç</a>».</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Vidmar39-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Vidmar39_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Vidmar, p. 39-40</span></li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kung, pp. 4-5</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bokenkotter30-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter30_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bokenkotter, p. 30</span></li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Kelly, p. 6</span></li> <li id="cite_note-SandSp7-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SandSp7_29-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Duffy, p. 7.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-SandSpaperback13-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SandSpaperback13_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Duffy, paperback edition p. 13.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Norman11-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Norman11_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Norman, p. 11.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mateu, 28:19-20</span></li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFParagraph_number_8491994"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Paragraph number 849</span>. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism/p123a9p3.htm%23IV">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a>». Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1994. [Consulta: 8 febrer 2008].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Norman12-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Norman12_34-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Norman, p. 12.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-DeusCE-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-DeusCE_35-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBenedict_XVI2005"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Benedict XVI</span>, Pope. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/encyclicals/documents/hf_ben-xvi_enc_20051225_deus-caritas-est_en.html">Deus Caritas Est</a>». Vatican, 2005. [Consulta: 6 maig 2008].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Cat857-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Cat857_36-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFParagraphs_number_857-8591994"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Paragraphs number 857-859</span>. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism/p123a9p3.htm">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a>». Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1994. [Consulta: 25 octubre 2009].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Cat551-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Cat551_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFParagraphs_number_551-5531994"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Paragraphs number 551-553</span>. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ccc_css/archive/catechism/p122a3p3.htm">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a>». Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1994. [Consulta: 25 octubre 2009].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Cat860-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Cat860_38-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFParagraphs_number_860-8621994"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Paragraphs number 860-862</span>. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism/p123a9p3.htm">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a>». Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1994. [Consulta: 25 octubre 2009].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Cat1562-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Cat1562_39-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFParagraph_number_15621994"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Paragraph number 1562</span>. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism/p2s2c3a6.htm">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a>». Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1994. [Consulta: 25 octubre 2009].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Cat880-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Cat880_40-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFParagraphs_number_880-8821994"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Paragraphs number 880-882</span>. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism/p123a9p4.htm%23I">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a>». Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1994. [Consulta: 25 octubre 2009].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Schreck152-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schreck152_41-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Schreck, p. 152.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-OneFaith43-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-OneFaith43_42-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry, p. 37, pp. 43-44.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Joan, 16:12-13</span></li> <li id="cite_note-cat-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-cat_44-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marthaler, preface</span></li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFVatican_Council1964"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Vatican Council</span>, Second. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html">Lumen Gentium paragraph 14</a>». Vatican, 1964. [Consulta: 17 desembre 2008].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFParagraph_number_8461994"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Paragraph number 846</span>. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG0015/__P29.HTM">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a>». Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1994. [Consulta: 27 desembre 2008].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFParagraph_number_8191994"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Paragraph number 819</span>. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism/p123a9p3.htm">Catechism of the Catholic Church</a>». Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1994. [Consulta: 16 maig 2009].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-Kreeft110-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kreeft110_48-0">48,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Kreeft110_48-1">48,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Kreeft, pp. 110-112.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFShorto2007"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Shorto</span>, Russel «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/08/magazine/08pope.t.html">Keeping the Faith</a>». <i>The New York Times</i>, 08-04-2007 [Consulta: 29 març 2008].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">CIC, 811</span></li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">1a Co 12, 12</span></li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jn. 17, 20-21</span></li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism_sp/p2s2c1a3_sp.html">Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica, 1322-1419</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism_sp/p2s2c1a2_sp.html">Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica, 1285-1321</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism_sp/p2s2c2a4_sp.html">Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica, 1422-1498</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism_sp/p2s2c2a5_sp.html">Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica, 1499-1532</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism_sp/p2s2c3a7_sp.html">Catecisme de l'Església catòlica 1601-1666</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism_sp/p2s2c3a6_sp.html">Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica, 1536-1600</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Citats literalment de <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search%3Dmateo%25205:1-16%26version%3DLBLA">Mateu 5</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFRoyo_Marín1979"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Royo Marín</span>, Antonio. <i>Teologia Moral per Seglars I: Moral fonamental i especial.</i>. Madrid: Biblioteca d'Autors Cristians, 1979, p. 76-83. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/84-220-0441-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/84-220-0441-0">ISBN 84-220-0441-0</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Teologia+Moral+per+Seglars+I%3A+Moral+fonamental+i+especial.&rft.aulast=Royo+Mar%C3%ADn&rft.aufirst=Antonio&rft.date=1979&rft.pub=Biblioteca+d%27Autors+Cristians&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pages=76-83&rft.isbn=84-220-0441-0"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.vatican.va/archive/ESL0022/_P80.HTM%23SJ">Catecisme de l'Església Catòlica, 2270-2275</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/9436430/">"Vatican document reaffirms policy on gays"</a>, msnbc.com (consultat 28 d'octubre de 2008)</span></li> <li id="cite_note-hundreds-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-hundreds_68-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Associated_Press?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2004-06-19-church-abuse_x.htm">Hundreds of priests shuffled worldwide, despite abuse allegations</a>». <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/USA_Today?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i>, 20-06-2004.</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFStephens2011"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Stephens</span>, Scott «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.abc.net.au/religion/articles/2011/05/27/3229135.htm">Catholic sexual abuse study greeted with incurious contempt</a>». <i>ABC Religion and Ethics</i>, 27-05-2011 [Consulta: 23 juliol 2012].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFLattin1998"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Lattin</span>, Don «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/30-Million-Awarded-Men-Molested-by-Family-3001550.php">$30 Million Awarded Men Molested by `Family Priest' / 3 bishops accused of Stockton coverup</a>». <i>San Francisco Chronicle</i>, 17-07-1998 [Consulta: 23 juliol 2012]. «Attorney Jeff Anderson said the Howard brothers were repeatedly molested between 1978 and 1991, from age 3 to 13.»</span><br> Reverend <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Oliver_O'Grady&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Oliver O'Grady (encara no existeix)">Oliver O'Grady</a> later confessed to the abuse of many other children and the documentary <i><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Deliver_Us_from_Evil_(2006_film)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Deliver Us from Evil (2006 film) (encara no existeix)">Deliver Us from Evil (2006 film)</a></i> was made about his story and the coverup by Diocesan officials.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Bruni,_p.336-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bruni,_p.336_71-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFBruni2002"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Bruni</span>, Frank. <i>A Gospel of Shame: Children, Sexual Abuse, and the Catholic Church</i>. HarperCollins, 2002. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/0060522321?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/0060522321">ISBN 0060522321</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Gospel+of+Shame%3A+Children%2C+Sexual+Abuse%2C+and+the+Catholic+Church&rft.aulast=Bruni&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft.date=2002&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.isbn=0060522321"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2010-06-24-fraud23_ST_N.htm">Sex abuse victim accuses Catholic church of fraud</a>». <i>USAToday</i>, 29-06-2010 [Consulta: 24 juny 2012].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFVal2016"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Val</span>, Eusebio. «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.lavanguardia.com/encatala/20160313/40391755729/un-pontificat-trepidant.html">UNA ESGLÉSIA CATÒLICA EN TRANSFORMACIÓ Un pontificat trepidant</a>». La Vanguardia, 13-03-2016. [Consulta: 31 març 2016].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated7-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated7_74-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFButt2009"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Butt</span>, Riazat; Asthana, Anushka «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/sep/28/sex-abuse-religion-vatican">Sex abuse rife in other religions, says Vatican (with examples from USA)</a>». <i>The Guardian</i> [Londres], 28-09-2009 [Consulta: 10 octubre 2009].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated5-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated5_75-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pewforum.org/Christian/Catholic/The-Pope-Meets-the-Press--Media-Coverage-of-the-Clergy-Abuse-Scandal.aspx">The Pope Meets the Press: Media Coverage of the Clergy Abuse Scandal</a>». <i>Pew Research Center</i>, 11-06-2010 [Consulta: 15 setembre 2010].</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528223446/http://www.pewforum.org/Christian/Catholic/The-Pope-Meets-the-Press--Media-Coverage-of-the-Clergy-Abuse-Scandal.aspx">Arxivat</a> 2013-05-28 a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated6-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated6_76-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">William Wan «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/undergod/2010/06/study_looks_at_media_coverage_of_catholic_sex_abuse_scandal.html">Study looks at media coverage of Catholic sex abuse scandal</a>». <i>Washington Post</i>, 11-06-2010 [Consulta: 15 setembre 2010].</span> <span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614103400/http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/undergod/2010/06/study_looks_at_media_coverage_of_catholic_sex_abuse_scandal.html">Còpia arxivada</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/undergod/2010/06/study_looks_at_media_coverage_of_catholic_sex_abuse_scandal.html">original</a> el 2010-06-14. [Consulta: 11 març 2016].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-LBTCSA-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LBTCSA_77-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFLewis2010"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Lewis</span>, Aiden «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8654789.stm">Looking behind the Catholic sex abuse scandal: In recent months allegations and admissions of child abuse by priests have shaken the Roman Catholic Church to its core, as a continuous stream of cases has surfaced across Western Europe and beyond.</a>». <i>BBC News</i>, 04-05-2010 [Consulta: 2 agost 2012].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-78">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120319003103/http://digiguide.tv/programme/Documentary/Abused-Breaking-the-Silence/583373/">Abused: Breaking the Silence (2011) : Documentary</a>». Digiguide.tv. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://digiguide.tv/programme/Documentary/Abused-Breaking-the-Silence/583373/">original</a> el 2012-03-19. [Consulta: 13 desembre 2011].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-79">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFStanford2011"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Stanford</span>, Peter «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/belief/2011/jun/19/kit-cunningham-child-abuse?INTCMP%3DSRCH">He was my priest and my friend. Then I found out he was a paedophile</a>». <i>The Guardian</i> [Londres], 19-06-2011.</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-80">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">Christmas Shopping «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.independent.ie/opinion/analysis/mary-kenny-devastation-and-disbelief-when-abuse-case-hits-close-to-home-2800395.html">Mary Kenny: Devastation and disbelief when abuse case hits close to home - Analysis, Opinion</a>». <i>Independent.ie</i>, 20-06-2011 [Consulta: 13 desembre 2011].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-81">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0124y7n">One Programmes - Abused: Breaking the Silence</a>». BBC, 21-06-2011. [Consulta: 13 desembre 2011].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-82">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/damianthompson/100093079/fr-kit-cunninghams-paedophile-past-heads-should-roll-after-the-rosminian-orders-disgraceful-cover-up/">Fr Kit Cunningham's paedophile past: heads should roll after the Rosminian order's disgraceful cover-up</a>». <i>The Daily Telegraph</i> [Londres], 21-06-2011 [Consulta: 11 març 2016].</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624040233/http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/damianthompson/100093079/fr-kit-cunninghams-paedophile-past-heads-should-roll-after-the-rosminian-orders-disgraceful-cover-up/">Arxivat</a> 24 de juny 2011 a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110624040233/http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/damianthompson/100093079/fr-kit-cunninghams-paedophile-past-heads-should-roll-after-the-rosminian-orders-disgraceful-cover-up/">Còpia arxivada</a>». Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://blogs.telegraph.co.uk/news/damianthompson/100093079/fr-kit-cunninghams-paedophile-past-heads-should-roll-after-the-rosminian-orders-disgraceful-cover-up/">original</a> el 2011-06-24. [Consulta: 11 març 2016].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-83">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110914203441/http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2011/06/22/rosminian-order-admits-inadequate-response-to-abuse/">Rosminian order admits ‘inadequate’ response to abuse</a>». Catholicherald.co.uk, 22-06-2011. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/news/2011/06/22/rosminian-order-admits-inadequate-response-to-abuse/">original</a> el 2011-09-14. [Consulta: 13 desembre 2011].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-84">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFCrace2011"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Crace</span>, John «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.guardian.co.uk/tv-and-radio/2011/jun/21/tv-review-abused-breaking-silence?INTCMP%3DSRCH">TV review: Abused: Breaking the Silence; Submarine School</a>». <i>The Guardian</i> [Londres], 22-06-2011.</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-85">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110827091627/http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/commentandblogs/2011/06/20/why-didnt-the-rosminian-order-tell-us-the-truth-about-fr-kit/">Why didn't the Rosminian order tell us the truth about Fr Kit?</a>». Catholicherald.co.uk, 20-06-2011. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/commentandblogs/2011/06/20/why-didnt-the-rosminian-order-tell-us-the-truth-about-fr-kit/">original</a> el 2011-08-27. [Consulta: 13 desembre 2011].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-86">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331161536/http://entertainment.ukplurk.com/2011/06/tv-review-abused-breaking-silence.html">TV review: Abused: Breaking the Silence; Submarine School - UKPlurk</a>». Entertainment.ukplurk.com, 21-06-2011. Arxivat de l'<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://entertainment.ukplurk.com/2011/06/tv-review-abused-breaking-silence.html">original</a> el 2012-03-31. [Consulta: 13 desembre 2011].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-87">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-leicestershire-13880444">Former 1950s students to sue Catholic order over abuse</a>». <i>BBC News</i>, 23-06-2011.</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-88">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">This may be due in part to the more hierarchical structure of the Church in Third World countries, the "psychological health" of clergy in those regions, and because third world media, legal systems and public culture are not as apt to thoroughly discuss sexual abuse.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_News-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-BBC_News_89-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal"> «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/2116154.stm">Philippines Church apologises for sex abuse</a>». <i>BBC News</i>, 08-07-2002 [Consulta: 2 agost 2012].</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-news.uk.msn.com-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-news.uk.msn.com_90-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup title="Cal donar format a aquesta referència." class="noprint"><span class="noprint" style="color:blue;"><i>[<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/VP:REF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="VP:REF">enllaç sense format</a>]</i></span></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://news.uk.msn.com/world/articles.aspx?cp-documentid%3D152959036">http://news.uk.msn.com/world/articles.aspx?cp-documentid=152959036</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110054146/http://news.uk.msn.com/world/articles.aspx?cp-documentid%3D152959036">Arxivat</a> 2013-11-10 a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-91">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFLewis2010"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Lewis</span>, Aidan «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8654789.stm">Looking behind the Catholic sex abuse scandal</a>». <i>BBC News</i>, 04-05-2010.</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-92">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFGibson2010"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Gibson</span>, David «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/16/AR2010041602026.html">Five myths about the Catholic sexual abuse scandal</a>». <i>The Washington Post</i>, 18-04-2010.</span></span></li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-93">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><sup title="Cal donar format a aquesta referència." class="noprint"><span class="noprint" style="color:blue;"><i>[<a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/VP:REF?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="VP:REF">enllaç sense format</a>]</i></span></sup> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/facts/fm0011.html">http://www.catholiceducation.org/articles/facts/fm0011.html</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20020803123752/http://catholiceducation.org/articles/facts/fm0011.html">Arxivat</a> 2002-08-03 a <a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Lewis-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Lewis_94-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFLewis2010"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Lewis</span>, Aidan «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8654789.stm">Looking behind the Catholic sex abuse scandal</a>». <i>BBC</i>, 04-05-2010.</span></span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Es diu objecte de l'acte humà allò que tendeix per la seva pròpia naturalesa, independentment de les circumstàncies que puguin afegir. Per exemple, apoderar-se de l'aliè és l'objecte del robatori.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Encara que la moralitat d'un acte depèn del seu objecte propi, la moralitat principal recau sobre el fi de l'agent. Per exemple, l'essencial d'un robatori és treure la cosa aliena (aquest és el seu objecte propi). Però el que roba per tal d'obtenir els diners que necessita per cometre un adulteri és més adúlter que lladre, perquè el robatori és un simple mitjà per arribar a l'adulteri i, pel mateix, aquesta finalitat extrínseca al robatori és més important i principal que la mateixa acció de robar.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Circumstàncies són les condicions accidentals que modifiquen la moralitat substancial que ja tenia l'acte humà. Per exemple, qui roba sabent diners que estaven destinats a gent necessitada, afegeix al seu pecat de robatori un altre pecat contra la justícia, que clama al cel en aquells desemparats que requerien d'aquests diners.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">L'evangeli de Mateu 6:1 ho esmenta en boca de Crist: «Mireu de no fer el que Déu vol només perquè la gent us vegi, ja que així no tindríeu cap recompensa del vostre Pare del cel». Les accions de pregar i dejunar sense més tenen una finalitat intrínseca bona, però la finalitat extrínsec de la vanaglòria afecta la moralitat de l'acte, que perd el seu mèrit davant els ulls de Déu.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catolicisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">La fi mai justifica els mitjans (Romans 3:8). Per exemple, no es pot robar per tal de donar almoina als pobres. Si algú realitzés aquesta acció creient <i>amb absoluta bona fe</i> que era lícita i bona, no cometria pecat formal, però sí una <i>injustícia material</i>. I no es pot reparar una injustícia respon amb una altra. És a dir, els mitjans han de ser tan bons com la fi que es busca.</span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Vegeu_també"><span id="Vegeu_tamb.C3.A9"></span>Vegeu també</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=34&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Vegeu també" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cristianisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cristianisme">Cristianisme</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica_Romana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Església Catòlica Romana">Església Catòlica Romana</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Doctrina_de_l%27Esgl%C3%A9sia_Cat%C3%B2lica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Doctrina de l'Església Catòlica">Doctrina de l'Església Catòlica</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglicanisme?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglicanisme">Anglicanisme</a></li> <li><a href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Esgl%C3%A9sia_Espanyola_Reformada_Episcopal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Església Espanyola Reformada Episcopal">Església Espanyola Reformada Episcopal</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Enllaços_externs"><span id="Enlla.C3.A7os_externs"></span>Enllaços externs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=edit&section=35&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifica la secció: Enllaços externs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifica</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r33663753">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9;display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 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rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://w2.vatican.va/content/vatican/es.html">Vatican.va</a> Santa Seu.</li> </ul><!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐5cfcf7bc8d‐dqbfl Cached time: 20241121120926 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.216 seconds Real time usage: 1.550 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 21431/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 116274/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 45337/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 64024/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.570/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4678442/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 7/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1282.047 1 -total 60.52% 775.953 1 Plantilla:Infotaula_organització 51.58% 661.258 1 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Rendering was triggered because: api-parse --> </section> </div><!-- MobileFormatter took 0.045 seconds --><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Obtingut de «<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DCatolicisme%26oldid%3D34080364">https://ca.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&oldid=34080364</a>» </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://ca-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Catolicisme&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katholizismus" title="Katholizismus - alemany suís" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Katholizismus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemany suís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catolicismo" title="Catolicismo - aragonès" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Catolicismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2583%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AB%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="كاثوليكية - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كاثوليكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2583%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2583" title="كاتوليك - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاتوليك" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BA%25D0%25BB%25D1%258A%25D0%25B8" title="Католиклъи - àvar" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Католиклъи" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="àvar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolisizm" title="Katolisizm - azerbaidjanès" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Katolisizm" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaidjanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D8%25B2%25D9%2585" title="کاتولیسیزم - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کاتولیسیزم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Католицизм - baixkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Католицизм" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baixkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katal%25C4%2597k%25C4%25ABb%25C4%2597" title="Katalėkībė - Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Katalėkībė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%2586%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Каталіцтва - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каталіцтва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D1%2596%25D1%2586%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Каталіцтва - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каталіцтва" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D1%258A%25D0%25BC" title="Католицизъм - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Католицизъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katoligiezh" title="Katoligiezh - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Katoligiezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimokatoli%25C4%258Danstvo" title="Rimokatoličanstvo - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Rimokatoličanstvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%25C4%2595ng-ci%25C5%258D-g%25C3%25A1u" title="Tiĕng-ciō-gáu - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tiĕng-ciō-gáu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Католицизм - txetxè" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Католицизм" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katoliklik" title="Katoliklik - tàtar de Crimea" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Katoliklik" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="tàtar de Crimea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolicismus" title="Katolicismus - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Katolicismus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Католицизм - txuvaix" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Католицизм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholigiaeth" title="Catholigiaeth - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Catholigiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolicisme" title="Katolicisme - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Katolicisme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katholizismus" title="Katholizismus - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Katholizismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolisizm" title="Katolisizm - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Katolisizm" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%259A%25CE%25B1%25CE%25B8%25CE%25BF%25CE%25BB%25CE%25B9%25CE%25BA%25CE%25B9%25CF%2583%25CE%25BC%25CF%258C%25CF%2582" title="Καθολικισμός - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καθολικισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicism" title="Catholicism - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Catholicism" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolikismo" title="Katolikismo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Katolikismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catolicismo" title="Catolicismo - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Catolicismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katoliiklus" title="Katoliiklus - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Katoliiklus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolizismo" title="Katolizismo - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Katolizismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DA%25A9%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D9%2584%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D8%25B3%25D9%2585" title="کاتولیسیسم - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کاتولیسیسم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicisme" title="Catholicisme - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Catholicisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catolicismo" title="Catolicismo - Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Catolicismo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catolicisim" title="Catolicisim - friülà" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Catolicisim" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friülà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolisisme" title="Katolisisme - frisó occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Katolisisme" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisó occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catolicismo" title="Catolicismo - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Catolicismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gor mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gor.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gereja_Katolik" title="Gereja Katolik - gorontalo" lang="gor" hreflang="gor" data-title="Gereja Katolik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Hulontalo" data-language-local-name="gorontalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Hulontalo</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A0%25D7%25A6%25D7%25A8%25D7%2595%25D7%25AA_%25D7%25A7%25D7%25AA%25D7%2595%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%25AA" title="נצרות קתולית - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נצרות קתולית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%25A5%25E0%25A5%258B%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595_%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25B2%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE" title="कैथोलिक कलीसिया - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कैथोलिक कलीसिया" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katoli%25C4%258Danstvo" title="Katoličanstvo - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Katoličanstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolicizmus" title="Katolicizmus - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Katolicizmus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25BF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B8%25D5%25AC%25D5%25AB%25D5%25AF%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="Կաթոլիկություն - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կաթոլիկություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D4%25BF%25D5%25A1%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B8%25D5%25B2%25D5%25AB%25D5%25AF%25D5%25A7%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25AB%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="Կաթողիկէութիւն - Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կաթողիկէութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicismo" title="Catholicismo - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Catholicismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolik" title="Katolik - iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Katolik" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolikismo" title="Katolikismo - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Katolikismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cattolicesimo" title="Cattolicesimo - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cattolicesimo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25AB%25E3%2583%2588%25E3%2583%25AA%25E3%2582%25B7%25E3%2582%25BA%25E3%2583%25A0" title="カトリシズム - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カトリシズム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiaklikizim" title="Kiaklikizim - crioll anglès de Jamaica" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kiaklikizim" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="crioll anglès de Jamaica" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katulik" title="Katulik - javanès" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Katulik" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="article de qualitat"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25AA%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2598" title="კათოლიციზმი - georgià" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კათოლიციზმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Room_Kr%25C9%25A9st%25CA%258A_sama%25C9%25A3_%25C6%2590s%25C9%2594_t%25C9%2594m" title="Room Krɩstʊ samaɣ Ɛsɔ tɔm - Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Room Krɩstʊ samaɣ Ɛsɔ tɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Католицизм - kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Католицизм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%2580%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%258F%25E1%259E%25BC%25E1%259E%259B%25E1%259E%25B7%25E1%259E%2580" title="កាតូលិក - khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="កាតូលិក" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EB%25A1%259C%25EB%25A7%2588%25EA%25B0%2580%25ED%2586%25A8%25EB%25A6%25AD%25EC%25A3%25BC%25EC%259D%2598" title="로마가톨릭주의 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="로마가톨릭주의" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Католицизм - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Католицизм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicismus" title="Catholicismus - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Catholicismus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katholizismus" title="Katholizismus - luxemburguès" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Katholizismus" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Католицизм - lesguià" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Католицизм" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesguià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catolicisme" title="Catolicisme - Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Catolicisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catoliceximo" title="Catoliceximo - lígur" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Catoliceximo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="lígur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catolicesim" title="Catolicesim - llombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Catolicesim" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="llombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mump%25C9%259B%25CC%2581" title="Mumpɛ́ - lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Mumpɛ́" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%2581%25E0%25BA%25B2%25E0%25BB%2582%25E0%25BA%2595%25E0%25BA%25A5%25E0%25BA%25B4%25E0%25BA%2581" title="ກາໂຕລິກ - laosià" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ກາໂຕລິກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katalikyb%25C4%2597" title="Katalikybė - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Katalikybė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katuo%25C4%25BCu_ticeiba" title="Katuoļu ticeiba - Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Katuoļu ticeiba" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kato%25C4%25BCtic%25C4%25ABba" title="Katoļticība - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Katoļticība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolik" title="Katolik - Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Katolik" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kat%25C3%25B4lisisma" title="Katôlisisma - malgaix" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Katôlisisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Католицизм - Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Католицизм" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolik" title="Katolik - minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Katolik" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catolicismo" title="Catolicismo - mirandès" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Catolicismo" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katholicisme" title="Katholicisme - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Katholicisme" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolisisme" title="Katolisisme - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Katolisisme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicisme" title="Catholicisme - Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Catholicisme" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Католицизм - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Католицизм" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catolicime" title="Catolicime - picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Catolicime" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolicyzm" title="Katolicyzm - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Katolicyzm" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catolic%25C3%25A9sim" title="Catolicésim - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Catolicésim" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catolicismo" title="Catolicismo - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Catolicismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catolicism" title="Catolicism - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Catolicism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Католицизм - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Католицизм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25A0%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25B9%25E1%25B1%259B%25E1%25B1%259E%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25A0_%25E1%25B1%25AA%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25A8%25E1%25B1%25AA" title="ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱞᱤᱠ ᱪᱟᱨᱪ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱟᱹᱛᱞᱤᱠ ᱪᱟᱨᱪ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicism" title="Catholicism - escocès" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Catholicism" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="escocès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katoli%25C4%258Danstvo" title="Katoličanstvo - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Katoličanstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%259A%25E0%25B6%25AD%25E0%25B7%259D%25E0%25B6%25BD%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%259A_%25E0%25B6%25B0%25E0%25B6%25BB%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%25B8%25E0%25B6%25BA" title="කතෝලික ධර්මය - singalès" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කතෝලික ධර්මය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholicism" title="Catholicism - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Catholicism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolicizmus" title="Katolicizmus - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Katolicizmus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katoli%25C5%25A1tvo" title="Katolištvo - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Katolištvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BC" title="Католицизам - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Католицизам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolicism" title="Katolicism - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Katolicism" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katoliki" title="Katoliki - suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Katoliki" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AF%258B%25E0%25AE%25B2%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D" title="கத்தோலிக்கம் - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கத்தோலிக்கம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolika" title="Katolika - tètum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Katolika" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="tètum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2597%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%2581" title="คาทอลิก - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาทอลิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolisismo" title="Katolisismo - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Katolisismo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolik" title="Katolik - tok pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Katolik" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="tok pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolik" title="Katolik - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Katolik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B7%25D0%25BC" title="Католицизм - tàtar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Католицизм" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tàtar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolik_dini" title="Katolik dini - uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="Katolik dini" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D0%25B0%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B8%25D1%2586%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="Католицтво - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Католицтво" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolitsizm" title="Katolitsizm - uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Katolitsizm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catolicisse" title="Catolicisse - való" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Catolicisse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="való" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katolisismo" title="Katolisismo - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Katolisismo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25A4%25A9%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E6%2595%2599" title="天主教 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="天主教" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%259A%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25AA%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2596%25E1%2583%259B%25E1%2583%2598" title="კათოლიციზმი - mingrelià" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კათოლიციზმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A7%25D7%2590%25D7%2598%25D7%2590%25D7%259C%25D7%2599%25D7%25A6%25D7%2599%25D7%2596%25D7%259D" title="קאטאליציזם - ídix" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאטאליציזם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ídix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%25C3%25B4ms-katholicisme" title="Roôms-katholicisme - zelandès" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Roôms-katholicisme" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25A4%25A9%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E6%2595%2599" title="天主教 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="天主教" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kong-k%25C3%25A0u" title="Kong-kàu - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kong-kàu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%25A4%25A9%25E4%25B8%25BB%25E6%2595%258E" title="天主敎 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="天主敎" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-ca.svg" alt="Viquipèdia" width="120" height="23" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.4375em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">La pàgina va ser modificada per darrera vegada el 3 oct 2024 a les 09:35.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">El contingut està disponible sota la llicència <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ca">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> si no s'indica el 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