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vapor</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: metal vapor"> <meta name="keywords" content="metal vapor"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="metal vapor"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2837</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: metal vapor</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2657</span> Optimization of Synergism Extraction of Toxic Metals (Lead, Copper) from Chlorides Solutions with Mixture of Cationic and Solvating Extractants</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Hassaine-Sadi">F. Hassaine-Sadi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Chelouaou"> S. Chelouaou</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, environmental contamination by toxic metals such as Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn ... has become a worldwide crucial problem, particularly in some areas where the population depends on groundwater for drinking daily consumption. Thus, the sources of metal ions come from the metal manufacturing industry, fertilizers, batteries, paints, pigments and so on. Solvent extraction of metal ions has given an important role in the development of metal purification processes such as the synergistic extraction of some divalent cations metals ( M²⁺), the ions metals from various sources. This work consists of a water purification technique that involves the lead and copper systems: Pb²⁺, H₃O+, Cl⁻ and Cu²⁺, H₃O⁺, Cl⁻ for diluted solutions by a mixture of tri-n-octylphosphine oxide (TOPO) or Tri-n-butylphosphate(TBP) and di (2-ethyl hexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP) dissolved in kerosene. The study of the fundamental parameters influencing the extraction synergism: cation exchange/extraction solvent have been examined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synergistic%20extraction" title="synergistic extraction">synergistic extraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead" title=" lead"> lead</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper" title=" copper"> copper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environment" title=" environment"> environment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80847/optimization-of-synergism-extraction-of-toxic-metals-lead-copper-from-chlorides-solutions-with-mixture-of-cationic-and-solvating-extractants" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/80847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">445</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2656</span> Synthesis and Characterization of Some Nano-Structured Metal Hexacyanoferrates Using Sapindus mukorossi, a Natural Surfactant</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Uma%20Shanker">Uma Shanker</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vidhisha%20Jassal"> Vidhisha Jassal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A novel green route was used to synthesize few metal hexacyanoferrates (FeHCF, NiHCF, CoHCF and CuHCF) nanoparticles using Sapindus mukorossias a natural surfactant and water as a solvent. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermo gravimetric techniques. Trasmission electron microscopic images showed that synthesized MHCF nanoparticles exhibited cubic and spherical shapes with exceptionally small sizes ranging from 3nm - 186 nm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20hexacyanoferrates" title="metal hexacyanoferrates">metal hexacyanoferrates</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=natural%20surfactant" title=" natural surfactant"> natural surfactant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sapindus%20mukorossias" title=" Sapindus mukorossias"> Sapindus mukorossias</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles "> nanoparticles </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17815/synthesis-and-characterization-of-some-nano-structured-metal-hexacyanoferrates-using-sapindus-mukorossi-a-natural-surfactant" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17815.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">526</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2655</span> A Brief Review of Titanium Powders Used in Laser Powder-Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Alhajeri">Ali Alhajeri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarig%20Makki"> Tarig Makki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mosa%20Almutahhar"> Mosa Almutahhar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Ahmed"> Mohammed Ahmed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Usman%20Ali"> Usman Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metal powder is the raw material used for laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing (AM). There are many metal materials that can be used in LPBF. The properties of these materials are varied between each other, which can affect the building part. The objective of this paper is to do an overview of the titanium powders available in LBPF. Comparison between different literature works will lead us to study the similarities and differences between the powder properties such as size, shape, and chemical composition. Furthermore, the results of this paper will point out the significant titanium powder properties in order to clearly illustrate their effect on the build parts. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=LPBF" title="LPBF">LPBF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium" title=" titanium"> titanium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ti-6Al-4V" title=" Ti-6Al-4V"> Ti-6Al-4V</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ti-5553" title=" Ti-5553"> Ti-5553</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20powder" title=" metal powder"> metal powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=AM" title=" AM"> AM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151600/a-brief-review-of-titanium-powders-used-in-laser-powder-bed-fusion-additive-manufacturing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151600.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">174</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2654</span> Expression of Metallothionein Gen and Protein on Hepatopancreas, Gill and Muscle of Perna viridis Caused by Biotoxicity Hg, Pb and Cd </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yulia%20Irnidayanti">Yulia Irnidayanti </a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20J.%20Josua"> J. J. Josua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sugianto"> A. Sugianto</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Jakarta Bay with 13 rivers that flow into, the environment has deteriorated and is the most polluted bays in Asia. The entry of waste into the waters of the Bay of Jakarta has caused pollution. Heavy metal contamination has led to pollution levels and may cause toxicity to organisms that live in the sea, down to the cellular level and may affect the ecological balance. Various ways have been conducted to measure the impact of environmental degradation, such as by measuring the levels of contaminants in the environment, including measuring the accumulation of toxic compounds in the tissues of organisms. Biological responses or biomarkers known as a sensitive indicator but need relevant predictions. In heavy metal pollution monitoring, analysis of aquatic biota is very important from the analysis of the water itself. The content of metals in aquatic biota will usually always be increased from time to time due to the nature of metal bioaccumulation, so the aquatic biota is best used as an indicator of metal pollution in aquatic environments. The results of the content analysis results of sea water in coastal estuaries Angke, Kaliadem and Panimbang detected heavy metals cadmium, mercury, lead, but did not find zinc metal. Based on the results of protein electrophoresis methallotionein found heavy metals in the tissues hepatopancreas, gills and muscles, and also the mRNA expression of has detected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gills" title="gills">gills</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title=" heavy metal"> heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatopancreas" title=" hepatopancreas"> hepatopancreas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metallothionein" title=" metallothionein"> metallothionein</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=muscle" title=" muscle "> muscle </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25224/expression-of-metallothionein-gen-and-protein-on-hepatopancreas-gill-and-muscle-of-perna-viridis-caused-by-biotoxicity-hg-pb-and-cd" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25224.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">389</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2653</span> Heat Transfer Performance of a Small Cold Plate with Uni-Directional Porous Copper for Cooling Power Electronics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Yuki">K. Yuki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Tsuji"> R. Tsuji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Takai"> K. Takai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Aramaki"> S. Aramaki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Kibushi"> R. Kibushi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Unno"> N. Unno</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Suzuki"> K. Suzuki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A small cold plate with uni-directional porous copper is proposed for cooling power electronics such as an on-vehicle inverter with the heat generation of approximately 500 W/cm2. The uni-directional porous copper with the pore perpendicularly orienting the heat transfer surface is soldered to a grooved heat transfer surface. This structure enables the cooling liquid to evaporate in the pore of the porous copper and then the vapor to discharge through the grooves. In order to minimize the cold plate, a double flow channel concept is introduced for the design of the cold plate. The cold plate consists of a base plate, a spacer, and a vapor discharging plate, totally 12 mm in thickness. The base plate has multiple nozzles of 1.0 mm in diameter for the liquid supply and 4 slits of 2.0 mm in width for vapor discharging, and is attached onto the top surface of the porous copper plate of 20 mm in diameter and 5.0 mm in thickness. The pore size is 0.36 mm and the porosity is 36 %. The cooling liquid flows into the porous copper as an impinging jet flow from the multiple nozzles, and then the vapor, which is generated in the pore, is discharged through the grooves and the vapor slits outside the cold plate. A heated test section consists of the cold plate, which was explained above, and a heat transfer copper block with 6 cartridge heaters. The cross section of the heat transfer block is reduced in order to increase the heat flux. The top surface of the block is the grooved heat transfer surface of 10 mm in diameter at which the porous copper is soldered. The grooves are fabricated like latticework, and the width and depth are 1.0 mm and 0.5 mm, respectively. By embedding three thermocouples in the cylindrical part of the heat transfer block, the temperature of the heat transfer surface ant the heat flux are extrapolated in a steady state. In this experiment, the flow rate is 0.5 L/min and the flow velocity at each nozzle is 0.27 m/s. The liquid inlet temperature is 60 °C. The experimental results prove that, in a single-phase heat transfer regime, the heat transfer performance of the cold plate with the uni-directional porous copper is 2.1 times higher than that without the porous copper, though the pressure loss with the porous copper also becomes higher than that without the porous copper. As to the two-phase heat transfer regime, the critical heat flux increases by approximately 35% by introducing the uni-directional porous copper, compared with the CHF of the multiple impinging jet flow. In addition, we confirmed that these heat transfer data was much higher than that of the ordinary single impinging jet flow. These heat transfer data prove high potential of the cold plate with the uni-directional porous copper from the view point of not only the heat transfer performance but also energy saving. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooling" title="cooling">cooling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20plate" title=" cold plate"> cold plate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=uni-porous%20media" title=" uni-porous media"> uni-porous media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74838/heat-transfer-performance-of-a-small-cold-plate-with-uni-directional-porous-copper-for-cooling-power-electronics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">295</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2652</span> Liquid Sulphur Storage Tank</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Roya%20Moradifar">Roya Moradifar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Naser%20Agharezaee"> Naser Agharezaee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper corrosion in the liquid sulphur storage tank at South pars gas complex phases 2&3 is presented. This full hot insulated field-erected storage tanks are used for the temporary storage of 1800m3 of molten sulphur. Sever corrosion inside the tank roof was observed during over haul inspections, in the direction of roof gradient. Investigation shown, in spite of other parts of tank there was no insulation around these manholes. Internal steam coils do not maintain a sufficiently high tank roof temperature in the vapor space. Sulphur and formation of liquid water at cool metal surface, this combination leads to the formation of iron sulfide. By employing a distributed external heating system, the temperatures of any point of the tank roof should be based on ambient dew point and the liquid storage solidification point. Also other construction and operation of tank is more important. This paper will review potential corrosion mechanism and operational case study which illustrate the importance of heating systems. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tank" title="tank">tank</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steam" title=" steam"> steam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title=" corrosion"> corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sulphur" title=" sulphur"> sulphur</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24707/liquid-sulphur-storage-tank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24707.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">569</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2651</span> Negative Pressures of Ca. -20 MPA for Water Enclosed into a Metal Berthelot Tube under a Vacuum Condition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Hiro">K. Hiro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Imai"> Y. Imai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Tanji"> M. Tanji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Deguchi"> H. Deguchi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Hatari"> K. Hatari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Negative pressures of liquids have been expected to contribute many kinds of technology. Nevertheless, experiments for subjecting liquids which have not too small volumes to negative pressures are difficult even now. The reason of the difficulties is because the liquids tend to generate cavities easily. In order to remove cavitation nuclei, an apparatus for enclosing water into a metal Berthelot tube under vacuum conditions was developed. By using the apparatus, negative pressures for water rose to ca. -20 MPa. This is the highest value for water in metal Berthelot tubes. Results were explained by a traditional crevice model. Keywords <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Berthelot%20method" title="Berthelot method">Berthelot method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negative%20pressure" title=" negative pressure"> negative pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cavitation%20nuclei" title=" cavitation nuclei"> cavitation nuclei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50181/negative-pressures-of-ca-20-mpa-for-water-enclosed-into-a-metal-berthelot-tube-under-a-vacuum-condition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50181.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">333</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2650</span> Layer by Layer Coating of Zinc Oxide/Metal Organic Framework Nanocomposite on Ceramic Support for Solvent/Solvent Separation Using Pervaporation Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20A.%20Nabeela%20Nasreen">S. A. A. Nabeela Nasreen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Sundarrajan"> S. Sundarrajan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20A.%20Syed%20Nizar"> S. A. Syed Nizar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seeram%20Ramakrishna"> Seeram Ramakrishna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted considerable interest due to its diverse pore size tunability, fascinating topologies and extensive uses in fields such as catalysis, membrane separation, chemical sensing, etc. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) are a class of MOF with porous crystals containing extended three-dimensional structures of tetrahedral metal ions (e.g., Zn) bridged by Imidazolate (Im). Selected ZIFs are used to separate solvent/solvent mixtures. A layer by layer formation of the nanocomposite of Zinc oxide (ZnO) and ZIF on a ceramic support using a solvothermal method was engaged and tested for target solvent/solvent separation. Metal oxide layer was characterized by XRD, SEM, and TEM to confirm the smooth and continuous coating for the separation process. The chemical composition of ZIF films was studied by using X-Ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The obtained ceramic tube with metal oxide and ZIF layer coating were tested for its packing density, thickness, distribution of seed layers and variation of permeation rate of solvent mixture (isopropyl alcohol (IPA)/methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). Pervaporation technique was used for the separation to achieve a high permeation rate with separation ratio of > 99.5% of the solvent mixture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20oxide" title="metal oxide">metal oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane" title=" membrane"> membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pervaporation" title=" pervaporation"> pervaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=solvothermal" title=" solvothermal"> solvothermal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ZIF" title=" ZIF"> ZIF</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97314/layer-by-layer-coating-of-zinc-oxidemetal-organic-framework-nanocomposite-on-ceramic-support-for-solventsolvent-separation-using-pervaporation-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97314.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2649</span> Corrosion Characterization of Al6061 Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites in Acid Medium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20V.%20Krupakara">P. V. Krupakara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper deals with the high corrosion resistance developed by the hybrid metal matrix composites when compared with that of matrix alloy. Matrix selected is Al6061. Reinforcements selected are graphite and red mud particulates. The composites are prepared using liquid melt metallurgy technique using vortex method. Metal matrix composites containing 2 percent graphite and 2 percent red mud, 2 percent graphite and 4 percent red mud, 2 percent graphite and 6 percent of red mud are prepared. Bar castings are cut into cylindrical discs of 20mm diameter and 20mm thickness. Corrosion tests were conducted at room temperature (230 °C) using conventional weight loss method according to ASTM G69-80. The corrodents used for the test were hydrochloric acid solution of different concentrations. Specimens were tested for every 24 hours interval up to 96 hours. Four specimens for each condition and time were immersed in corrodent. In each case the corrosion rate decreases with increase in exposure time for matrix and metal matrix composites whatever may be the concentration of hydrochloric acid. This may be due to aluminium, which may induce passivation due to development of non-porous layer. As red mud content increases the composites become corrosion resistant due to insulating nature of ceramic material red mud and less exposure of matrix alloy in those metal matrix composites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Al6061" title="Al6061">Al6061</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphite" title=" graphite"> graphite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=passivation" title=" passivation"> passivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=red%20mud" title=" red mud"> red mud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vortex" title=" vortex"> vortex</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24636/corrosion-characterization-of-al6061-hybrid-metal-matrix-composites-in-acid-medium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24636.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">542</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2648</span> Evaluating Radiative Feedback Mechanisms in Coastal West Africa Using Regional Climate Models</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akinnubi%20Rufus%20Temidayo">Akinnubi Rufus Temidayo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Coastal West Africa is highly sensitive to climate variability, driven by complex ocean-atmosphere interactions that shape temperature, precipitation, and extreme weather. Radiative feedback mechanisms—such as water vapor feedback, cloud-radiation interactions, and surface albedo—play a critical role in modulating these patterns. Yet, limited research addresses these feedbacks in climate models specific to West Africa’s coastal zones, creating challenges for accurate climate projections and adaptive planning. This study aims to evaluate the influence of radiative feedbacks on the coastal climate of West Africa by quantifying the effects of water vapor, cloud cover, and sea surface temperature (SST) on the region’s radiative balance. The study uses a regional climate model (RCM) to simulate feedbacks over a 20-year period (2005-2025) with high-resolution data from CORDEX and satellite observations. Key mechanisms investigated include (1) Water Vapor Feedback—the amplifying effect of humidity on warming, (2) Cloud-Radiation Interactions—the impact of cloud cover on radiation balance, especially during the West African Monsoon, and (3) Surface Albedo and Land-Use Changes—effects of urbanization and vegetation on the radiation budget. Preliminary results indicate that radiative feedbacks strongly influence seasonal climate variability in coastal West Africa. Water vapor feedback amplifies dry-season warming, cloud-radiation interactions moderate surface temperatures during monsoon seasons, and SST variations in the Atlantic affect the frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall events. The findings suggest that incorporating these feedbacks into climate planning can strengthen resilience to climate impacts in West African coastal communities. Further research should refine regional models to capture anthropogenic influences like greenhouse gas emissions, guiding sustainable urban and resource planning to mitigate climate risks. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=west%20africa" title="west africa">west africa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radiative" title=" radiative"> radiative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=climate" title=" climate"> climate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resilence" title=" resilence"> resilence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropogenic" title=" anthropogenic"> anthropogenic</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193671/evaluating-radiative-feedback-mechanisms-in-coastal-west-africa-using-regional-climate-models" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193671.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">9</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2647</span> Ultrastrong Coupling of CdZnS/ZnS Quantum Dots and Breathing Plasmons in Aluminum Metal-Insulator-Metal Nanocavities in Near-Ultraviolet Spectrum</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Li%20Li">Li Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lei%20Wang"> Lei Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chenglin%20Du"> Chenglin Du</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mengxin%20Ren"> Mengxin Ren</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xinzheng%20Zhang"> Xinzheng Zhang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Cai"> Wei Cai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jingjun%20Xu"> Jingjun Xu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Strong coupling between excitons of quantum dots and plasmons in nanocavites can be realized at room temperature due to the strong confinement of the plasmon fields, which offers building blocks for quantum information systems or ultralow-power switches and lasers. In this work, by using cathodoluminescence, ultrastrong coupling with Rabi splitting above 1 eV between breathing plasmons in Aluminum metal-insulator-metal (MIM) cavity and excited state of CdZnS/ZnS quantum dots was reported in near-UV spectrum. Analytic analysis and full-wave electromagnetic simulations provide the evidence for the strong coupling and confirm the hybridization of the QDs exciton and LSP breathing mode. This study opens the way for new emerging applications based on strongly coupled light-matter states all over the visible region down to ultra-violet frequencies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=breathing%20mode" title="breathing mode">breathing mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plasmonics" title=" plasmonics"> plasmonics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20dot" title=" quantum dot"> quantum dot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strong%20coupling" title=" strong coupling"> strong coupling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultraviolet" title=" ultraviolet"> ultraviolet</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105253/ultrastrong-coupling-of-cdznszns-quantum-dots-and-breathing-plasmons-in-aluminum-metal-insulator-metal-nanocavities-in-near-ultraviolet-spectrum" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/105253.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">199</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2646</span> The LMPA/Epoxy Mixture Encapsulation of OLED on Polyimide Substrate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chuyi%20Ye">Chuyi Ye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minsang%20Kim"> Minsang Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheol-Hee%20Moon"> Cheol-Hee Moon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The organic light emitting diode(OLED), is a potential organic optical functional materials which is considered as the next generation display technology with the advantages such as all-solid state, ultra-thin thickness, active luminous and flexibility. Due to the development of polymer-inorganic substrate, it becomes possible to achieve the flexible OLED display. However the organic light-emitting material is very sensitive to the oxygen and water vapor, and the encapsulation requires water vapor transmission rate(WVTR) and oxygen transmission rate(OTR) as lower as 10-6 g/(m2.d) and 10-5 cm3/(m2.d) respectively. In current situation, the rigorous WVTR and OTR have restricted the application of the OLED display. Traditional epoxy/getter or glass frit approaches, which have been widely applied on glass-substrate-based devices, are not suitable for transparent flexible organic devices, and mechanically flexible thin-film approaches are required. To ensure the OLED’s lifetime, the encapsulation material of the OLED package is very important. In this paper, a low melting point alloy(LMPA)-epoxy mixture in the encapsulation process is introduced. There will be a phase separation when the mixture is heated to the melting of LMPA and the formation of the double line structure between two substrates: the alloy barrier has extremely low WVTR and OTR and the epoxy fills the potential tiny cracks. In our experiment, the PI film is chosen as a flexible transparent substrate, and Mo and Cu are deposited on the PI film successively. Then the two metal layers are photolithographied to the sealing pattern line. The Mo is a transition layer between the PI film and Cu, at the same time, the Cu has a good wettability with the LMPA(Sn-58Bi). At last, pattern is printed with LMPA layer and applied voltage, the gathering Joule heat melt the LMPA and form the double line structure and the OLED package is sealed in the same time. In this research, the double-line encapsulating structure of LMPA and epoxy on the PI film is manufactured for the flexible OLED encapsulation, and in this process it is investigated whether the encapsulation satisfies the requirement of WVTR and OTR for the flexible OLED. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encapsulation" title="encapsulation">encapsulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible" title=" flexible"> flexible</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20melting%20point%20alloy" title=" low melting point alloy"> low melting point alloy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=OLED" title=" OLED"> OLED</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35161/the-lmpaepoxy-mixture-encapsulation-of-oled-on-polyimide-substrate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35161.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">598</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2645</span> Analysis of Contact Width and Contact Stress of Three-Layer Corrugated Metal Gasket</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Made%20Gatot%20Karohika">I. Made Gatot Karohika</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeyuki%20Haruyama"> Shigeyuki Haruyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ken%20Kaminishi"> Ken Kaminishi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oke%20Oktavianty"> Oke Oktavianty</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Didik%20Nurhadiyanto"> Didik Nurhadiyanto </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Contact width and contact stress are important parameters related to the leakage behavior of corrugated metal gasket. In this study, contact width and contact stress of three-layer corrugated metal gasket are investigated due to the modulus of elasticity and thickness of surface layer for 2 type gasket (0-MPa and 400-MPa mode). A finite element method was employed to develop simulation solution to analysis the effect of each parameter. The result indicated that lowering the modulus of elasticity ratio of surface layer will result in better contact width but the average contact stresses are smaller. When the modulus of elasticity ratio is held constant with thickness ratio increase, its contact width has an increscent trend otherwise the average contact stress has decreased trend. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20width" title="contact width">contact width</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20stress" title=" contact stress"> contact stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer" title=" layer"> layer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20gasket" title=" metal gasket"> metal gasket</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrugated" title=" corrugated"> corrugated</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64226/analysis-of-contact-width-and-contact-stress-of-three-layer-corrugated-metal-gasket" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64226.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">318</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2644</span> Symmetry-Protected Dirac Semi-Metallic Phases in Transition Metal Dichalcogenides</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Saeed%20Bahramy">Mohammad Saeed Bahramy</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transition metal dichalcogenides have experienced a resurgence of interest in the past few years owing to their rich properties, ranging from metals and superconductors to strongly spin-orbit-coupled semiconductors and charge-density-wave systems. In all these cases, the transition metal d-electrons mainly determine the ground state properties. This presentation focuses on the chalcogen-derived states. Combining density-functional theory calculations with spin- and angle-resolved photoemission, it is shown that these states generically host a coexistence of type I and type II three-dimensional bulk Dirac fermions as well as ladders of topological surface states and surface resonances. It will be discussed how these naturally arise within a single p-orbital manifold as a general consequence of a trigonal crystal field, and as such can be expected across many compounds. Our finding opens a new route to design topological materials with advanced functionalities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=topology" title="topology">topology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20structure" title=" electronic structure"> electronic structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dirac%20semimetals" title=" Dirac semimetals"> Dirac semimetals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transition%20metal%20dichalcogenides" title=" transition metal dichalcogenides"> transition metal dichalcogenides</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94166/symmetry-protected-dirac-semi-metallic-phases-in-transition-metal-dichalcogenides" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94166.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2643</span> The Batch Method Approach for Adsorption Mechanism Processes of Some Selected Heavy Metal Ions and Methylene Blue by Using Chemically Modified Luffa Cylindrica</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Akanimo%20Emene">Akanimo Emene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20D.%20Ogden"> Mark D. Ogden</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20%20Edyvean"> Robert Edyvean</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Adsorption is a low cost, efficient and economically viable wastewater treatment process. Utilization of this treatment process has not been fully applied due to the complex and not fully understood nature of the adsorption system. To optimize its process is to choose a sufficient adsorbent and to study further the experimental parameters that influence the adsorption design system. Chemically modified adsorbent, Luffa cylindrica, was used to adsorb heavy metal ions and an organic pollutant, methylene blue, from aqueous environmental solution at varying experimental conditions. Experimental factors, adsorption time, initial metal ion or organic pollutant concentration, ionic strength, and pH of solution were studied. The experimental data were analyzed with kinetic and isotherm models. The antagonistic effect of the methylene and some heavy metal ions were recorded. An understanding of the use of this treated Luffa cylindrica for the removal of these toxic substances will establish and improve the commercial application of the adsorption process in treatment of contaminated waters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption" title="adsorption">adsorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal%20ions" title=" heavy metal ions"> heavy metal ions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Luffa%20cylindrica" title=" Luffa cylindrica"> Luffa cylindrica</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater%20treatment" title=" wastewater treatment"> wastewater treatment</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56506/the-batch-method-approach-for-adsorption-mechanism-processes-of-some-selected-heavy-metal-ions-and-methylene-blue-by-using-chemically-modified-luffa-cylindrica" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56506.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">197</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2642</span> Study of Self-Assembled Photocatalyst by Metal-Terpyridine Interactions in Polymer Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dong-Cheol%20Jeong">Dong-Cheol Jeong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jookyung%20Lee"> Jookyung Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu%20Hyeon%20Ro"> Yu Hyeon Ro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changsik%20Song"> Changsik Song</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The design and synthesis of photo-active polymeric systems are important in regard to solar energy harvesting and utilization. In this study, we synthesized photo-active polymer, thin films, and polymer gel via iterative self-assembly using reversible metal-terpyridine (M-tpy) interactions. The photocurrent generated in the polymeric thin films with Zn(II) was much higher than those of other films. Apparent diffusion rate constant (kapp) was measured for the electron hopping process via potential-step chronoamperometry. As a result, the kapp for the polymeric thin films with Zn(II) was almost two times larger than those with other metal ions. We found that the anodic photocurrents increased with the inclusion of the multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) layer. Inclusion of MWNTs can provide efficient electron transfer pathways. In addition, polymer gel based on interactions between terpyridine and metal ions was shown the photocatalytic activity. Interestingly, in the Mg-terpyridine gel, the reaction rate of benzylamine to imine photo-oxidative coupling was faster than Fe-terpyridine gel because the Mg-terpyridine gel has two steps electron transfer pathway but Fe-terpyridine gel has three steps electron transfer pathway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=terpyridine" title="terpyridine">terpyridine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalyst" title=" photocatalyst"> photocatalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-assebly" title=" self-assebly"> self-assebly</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal-ligand" title=" metal-ligand"> metal-ligand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50618/study-of-self-assembled-photocatalyst-by-metal-terpyridine-interactions-in-polymer-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50618.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">308</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2641</span> Computational Study and Wear Prediction of Steam Turbine Blade with Titanium-Nitride Coating Deposited by Physical Vapor Deposition Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karuna%20Tuchinda">Karuna Tuchinda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sasithon%20Bland"> Sasithon Bland</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This work investigates the wear of a steam turbine blade coated with titanium nitride (TiN), and compares to the wear of uncoated blades. The coating is deposited on by physical vapor deposition (PVD) method. The working conditions of the blade were simulated and surface temperature and pressure values as well as flow velocity and flow direction were obtained. This data was used in the finite element wear model developed here in order to predict the wear of the blade. The wear mechanisms considered are erosive wear due to particle impingement and fluid jet, and fatigue wear due to repeated impingement of particles and fluid jet. Results show that the life of the TiN-coated blade is approximately 1.76 times longer than the life of the uncoated one. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20vapour%20deposition" title="physical vapour deposition">physical vapour deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steam%20turbine%20blade" title=" steam turbine blade"> steam turbine blade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=titanium-based%20coating" title=" titanium-based coating"> titanium-based coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear%20prediction" title=" wear prediction"> wear prediction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8420/computational-study-and-wear-prediction-of-steam-turbine-blade-with-titanium-nitride-coating-deposited-by-physical-vapor-deposition-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8420.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2640</span> Modifiable Poly Methacrylic Acid-Co-Acrylonitrile Microgels Fabricated with Cu and Co Nanoparticles for Simultaneous Catalytic Reduction of Multiple Compounds</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ajmal">Muhammad Ajmal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20%20Siddiq"> Muhammad Siddiq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurettin%20Sahiner"> Nurettin Sahiner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We prepared poly(methacrylic acid-co-acrylonitrile) (p(MAc-co-AN)) microgels by inverse suspension polymerization, and converted the nitrile groups into amidoxime groups to obtain more hydrophilic amidoximated poly(methacrylic acid-co-acrylonitile) (amid-p(MAc-co-AN)) microgels. Amid-microgels were used as microreactors for in situ synthesis of copper and cobalt nanoparticles. Cu (II) and Co (II) ions were loaded into microgels from their aqueous metal salt solutions and then converted to corresponding metal nanoparticle (MNP) by treating the loaded metal ions with sodium borohydride (NaBH4). The characterization of the prepared microgels and microgel metal nanoparticle composites was carried out by SEM, TEM and TG analysis. The amounts of metal nanoparticles within microgels were estimated by AAS measurements by dissolving the MNP entrapped within microgels by concentrated HCl acid treatment. Catalytic performances of the prepared amid-p(MAc-co-AN)-M (M: Cu, Co) microgel composites were investigated by using them as catalyst for the degradation of cationic and anionic organic dyes such as eosin Y (EY), methylene blue (MB) and methyl Orange (MO), and for the reduction of nitro aromatic pollutants like 2-nitrophenol (2-NP) and 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to their corresponding amino phenols. Here, we also report for the first time, the simultaneous degradation/reduction of MB, EY, and 4-NP by amid-p(MAc-co-AN)-Cu microgel composites. Different parameters affecting the reduction rates such as metal types, amount of catalysts, temperature and the amount of reducing agent were investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microgels" title="microgels">microgels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=catalyst" title=" catalyst"> catalyst</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollutants" title=" pollutants"> pollutants</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56751/modifiable-poly-methacrylic-acid-co-acrylonitrile-microgels-fabricated-with-cu-and-co-nanoparticles-for-simultaneous-catalytic-reduction-of-multiple-compounds" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56751.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">356</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2639</span> Atomic Layer Deposition Of Metal Oxide Inverse Opals: A Promising Strategy For Photocatalytic Applications</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamsasew%20Hankebo%20Lemago">Hamsasew Hankebo Lemago</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D%C3%B3ra%20Hessz"> Dóra Hessz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tam%C3%A1s%20Igricz"> Tamás Igricz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zolt%C3%A1n%20Erd%C3%A9lyi"> Zoltán Erdélyi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q="></a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Imre%20Mikl%C3%B3s%20Szil%C3%A1gyi">Imre Miklós Szilágyi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metal oxide inverse opals are a promising class of photocatalysts with a unique hierarchical structure. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a versatile technique for the synthesis of high-precision metal oxide thin films, including inverse opals. In this study, we report the synthesis of TiO₂, ZnO, and Al₂O₃ inverse opal and their composites photocatalysts using thermal or plasma-enhanced ALD. The synthesized photocatalysts were characterized using a variety of techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), ellipsometry, and UV-visible spectroscopy. The results showed that the ALD-synthesized metal oxide inverse opals had a highly ordered structure and a tunable pore size. The PL spectroscopy results showed low recombination rates of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, while the ellipsometry and UV-visible spectroscopy results showed tunable optical properties and band gap energies. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue under visible light irradiation. The results showed that the ALD-synthesized metal oxide inverse opals exhibited high photocatalytic activity, even under visible light irradiation. The composites photocatalysts showed even higher activity than the individual metal oxide inverse opals. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of the composites can be attributed to the synergistic effect between the different metal oxides. For example, Al₂O₃ can act as a charge carrier scavenger, which can reduce the recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The ALD-synthesized metal oxide inverse opals and their composites are promising photocatalysts for a variety of applications, such as wastewater treatment, air purification, and energy production. The ALD-synthesized metal oxide inverse opals and their composites are promising photocatalysts for a variety of applications, such as wastewater treatment, air purification, and energy production. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ALD" title="ALD">ALD</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20oxide%20inverse%20opals" title=" metal oxide inverse opals"> metal oxide inverse opals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalysis" title=" photocatalysis"> photocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composites" title=" composites"> composites</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175156/atomic-layer-deposition-of-metal-oxide-inverse-opals-a-promising-strategy-for-photocatalytic-applications" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175156.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2638</span> Comparison Study on Characterization of Various Fly Ashes for Heavy Metal Adsorption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Moroydor%20Derun">E. Moroydor Derun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Tugrul"> N. Tugrul</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Baran%20Acarali"> N. Baran Acarali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20S.%20Kipcak"> A. S. Kipcak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Piskin"> S. Piskin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fly ash is a waste material of coal firing thermal plants that is released from thermal power plants. It was defined as very fine particles that are drifted upward which are taken up by the flue gases. The emerging amount of fly ash in the world is approximately 600 million tons per year. In our country, it is expected that will be occurred 50 million tons of waste ash per year until 2020. The fly ashes can be evaluated by using as adsorbent material. The purpose of this study is to investigate the possibility of use of various fly ashes (Tuncbilek, Catalagzi, Orhaneli) like low-cost adsorbents for heavy metal adsorption. First of all, fly ashes were characterized. For this purpose; analyses such as XRD, XRF, SEM and FT-IR were performed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorbent" title="adsorbent">adsorbent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fly%20ash" title=" fly ash"> fly ash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title=" heavy metal"> heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=waste" title=" waste"> waste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16417/comparison-study-on-characterization-of-various-fly-ashes-for-heavy-metal-adsorption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16417.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">259</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2637</span> Thermal Transport Properties of Common Transition Single Metal Atom Catalysts</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuxi%20Zhu">Yuxi Zhu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhenqian%20Chen"> Zhenqian Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is of great interest to investigate the thermal properties of non-precious metal catalysts for Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) based on the thermal management requirements. Due to the low symmetry of materials, to accurately obtain the thermal conductivity of materials, it is necessary to obtain the second and third order force constants by combining density functional theory and machine learning interatomic potential. To be specific, the interatomic force constants are obtained by moment tensor potential (MTP), which is trained by the computational trajectory of Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) at 50, 300, 600, and 900 K for 1 ps each, with a time step of 1 fs in the AIMD computation. And then the thermal conductivity can be obtained by solving the Boltzmann transport equation. In this paper, the thermal transport properties of single metal atom catalysts are studied for the first time to our best knowledge by machine-learning interatomic potential (MLIP). Results show that the single metal atom catalysts exhibit anisotropic thermal conductivities and partially exhibit good thermal conductivity. The average lattice thermal conductivities of G-FeN₄, G-CoN₄ and G-NiN₄ at 300 K are 88.61 W/mK, 205.32 W/mK and 210.57 W/mK, respectively. While other single metal atom catalysts show low thermal conductivity due to their low phonon lifetime. The results also show that low-frequency phonons (0-10 THz) dominate thermal transport properties. The results provide theoretical insights into the application of single metal atom catalysts in thermal management. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proton%20exchange%20membrane%20fuel%20cell" title="proton exchange membrane fuel cell">proton exchange membrane fuel cell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20metal%20atom%20catalysts" title=" single metal atom catalysts"> single metal atom catalysts</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density%20functional%20theory" title=" density functional theory"> density functional theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20conductivity" title=" thermal conductivity"> thermal conductivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=machine-learning%20interatomic%20potential" title=" machine-learning interatomic potential"> machine-learning interatomic potential</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190217/thermal-transport-properties-of-common-transition-single-metal-atom-catalysts" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190217.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">23</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2636</span> Design, Construction and Evaluation of a Mechanical Vapor Compression Distillation System for Wastewater Treatment in a Poultry Company</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juan%20S.%20Vera">Juan S. Vera</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Miguel%20A.%20Gomez"> Miguel A. Gomez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20Gelvez"> Omar Gelvez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Water is Earth's most valuable resource, and the lack of it is currently a critical problem in today’s society. Non-treated wastewaters contribute to this situation, especially those coming from industrial activities, as they reduce the quality of the water bodies, annihilating all kind of life and bringing disease to people in contact with them. An effective solution for this problem is distillation, which removes most contaminants. However, this approach must also be energetically efficient in order to appeal to the industry. In this endeavour, most water distillation treatments fail, with the exception of the Mechanical Vapor Compression (MVC) distillation system, which has a great efficiency due to energy input by a compressor and the latent heat exchange. This paper presents the process of design, construction, and evaluation of a Mechanical Vapor Compression (MVC) distillation system for the main Colombian poultry company Avidesa Macpollo SA. The system will be located in the principal slaughterhouse in the state of Santander, and it will work along with the Gas Energy Mixing system (GEM) to treat the wastewaters from the plant. The main goal of the MVC distiller, rarely used in this type of application, is to reduce the chlorides, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels according to the state regulations since the GEM cannot decrease them enough. The MVC distillation system works with three components, the evaporator/condenser heat exchanger where the distillation takes place, a low-pressure compressor which gives the energy to create the temperature differential between the evaporator and condenser cavities and a preheater to save the remaining energy in the distillate. The model equations used to describe how the compressor power consumption, heat exchange area and distilled water are related is based on a thermodynamic balance and heat transfer analysis, with correlations taken from the literature. Finally, the design calculations and the measurements of the installation are compared, showing accordance with the predictions in distillate production and power consumption, changing the temperature difference of the evaporator/condenser. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20vapor%20compression" title="mechanical vapor compression">mechanical vapor compression</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=distillation" title=" distillation"> distillation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater"> wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design" title=" design"> design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction" title=" construction"> construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaluation" title=" evaluation"> evaluation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90244/design-construction-and-evaluation-of-a-mechanical-vapor-compression-distillation-system-for-wastewater-treatment-in-a-poultry-company" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90244.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2635</span> Antireflection Performance of Graphene Directly Deposited on Silicon Substrate by the Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samira%20Naghdi">Samira Naghdi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kyong%20Yop%20Rhee"> Kyong Yop Rhee</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Transfer-free synthesis of graphene on dielectric substrates is highly desirable but remains challenging. Here, by using a thin sacrificial platinum layer as a catalyst, graphene was deposited on a silicon substrate through a simple and transfer-free synthesis method. During graphene growth, the platinum layer evaporated, resulting in direct deposition of graphene on the silicon substrate. In this work, different growth conditions of graphene were optimized. Raman spectra of the produced graphene indicated that the obtained graphene was bilayer. The sheet resistance obtained from four-point probe measurements demonstrated that the deposited graphene had high conductivity. Reflectance spectroscopy of graphene-coated silicon showed a decrease in reflectance across the wavelength range of 200-800 nm, indicating that the graphene coating on the silicon surface had antireflection capabilities. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antireflection%20coating" title="antireflection coating">antireflection coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20vapor%20deposition" title=" chemical vapor deposition"> chemical vapor deposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphene" title=" graphene"> graphene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20sheet%20resistance" title=" the sheet resistance"> the sheet resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92381/antireflection-performance-of-graphene-directly-deposited-on-silicon-substrate-by-the-atmospheric-pressure-chemical-vapor-deposition-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/92381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">180</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2634</span> A Review on the Mechanism Removal of Pesticides and Heavy Metal from Agricultural Runoff in Treatment Train</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20A.%20Ahmad%20Zubairi">N. A. Ahmad Zubairi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Takaijudin"> H. Takaijudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20W.%20Yusof"> K. W. Yusof</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pesticides have been used widely over the world in agriculture to protect from pests and reduce crop losses. However, it affects the environment with toxic chemicals. Exceed of toxic constituents in the ecosystem will result in bad side effects. The hydrological cycle is related to the existence of pesticides and heavy metal which it can penetrate through varieties of sources into the soil or water bodies, especially runoff. Therefore, proper mechanisms of pesticide and heavy metal removal should be studied to improve the quality of ecosystem free or reduce from unwanted substances. This paper reviews the use of treatment train and its mechanisms to minimize pesticides and heavy metal from agricultural runoff. Organochlorine (OCL) is a common pesticide that was found in the agricultural runoff. OCL is one of the toxic chemicals that can disturb the ecosystem such as inhibiting plants' growth and harm human health by having symptoms as asthma, active cancer cell, vomit, diarrhea, etc. Thus, this unwanted contaminant gives disadvantages to the environment and needs treatment system. Hence, treatment train by bioretention system is suitable because removal efficiency achieves until 90% of pesticide removal with selected vegetated plant and additive. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pesticides" title="pesticides">pesticides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title=" heavy metal"> heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20runoff" title=" agricultural runoff"> agricultural runoff</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioretention" title=" bioretention"> bioretention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanism%20removal" title=" mechanism removal"> mechanism removal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=treatment%20train" title=" treatment train"> treatment train</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130426/a-review-on-the-mechanism-removal-of-pesticides-and-heavy-metal-from-agricultural-runoff-in-treatment-train" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130426.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2633</span> Homoleptic Complexes of a Tetraphenylporphyrinatozinc(II)-conjugated 2,2':6',6"-Terpyridine</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Angelo%20Lanzilotto">Angelo Lanzilotto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Martin%20Kuss-Petermann"> Martin Kuss-Petermann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Catherine%20E.%20Housecroft"> Catherine E. Housecroft</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edwin%20C.%20Constable"> Edwin C. Constable</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oliver%20S.%20Wenger"> Oliver S. Wenger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We recently described the synthesis of a new tetraphenylporphyrinatozinc(II)-conjugated 2,2':6',6"-terpyridine (1) in which the tpy domain enables the molecule to act as a metalloligand. The synthetic route to 1 has been optimized, the importance of selecting a particular sequence of synthetic steps will be discussed. Three homoleptic complexes have been prepared, [Zn(1)₂]²⁺, [Fe(1)₂]²⁺ and [Ru(1)₂]²⁺, and have been isolated as the hexafluoridophosphate salts. Spectroelectrochemical measurements have been performed and the spectral changes ascribed to redox processes are partitioned on either the porphyrin or the terpyridine units. Compound 1 undergoes a reversible one-electron oxidation/reduction. The removal/gain of a second electron leads to a further irreversible chemical transformation. For the homoleptic [M(1)₂]²⁺ complexes, a suitable potential can be chosen at which both the oxidation and the reduction of the {ZnTPP} core are reversible. When the homoleptic complex contains a redox active metal such as Fe or Ru, spectroelectrochemistry has been used to investigate the metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition. The latter is sensitive to the oxidation state of the metal, and electrochemical oxidation of the metal center suppresses it. Detailed spectroelectrochemical studies will be presented. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homoleptic%20complexes" title="homoleptic complexes">homoleptic complexes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spectroelectrochemistry" title=" spectroelectrochemistry"> spectroelectrochemistry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tetraphenylporphyrinatozinc%28II%29" title=" tetraphenylporphyrinatozinc(II)"> tetraphenylporphyrinatozinc(II)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2" title=" 2"> 2</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=2%27%3A6%27" title="2':6'">2':6'</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=6%22-terpyridine" title="6"-terpyridine">6"-terpyridine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59759/homoleptic-complexes-of-a-tetraphenylporphyrinatozincii-conjugated-2266-terpyridine" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59759.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">220</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2632</span> Metal Ions Cross-Linking of Epoxidized Natural Rubber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kriengsak%20Damampai">Kriengsak Damampai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Skulrat%20Pichaiyut"> Skulrat Pichaiyut</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amit%20Das"> Amit Das</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charoen%20Nacason"> Charoen Nacason</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The curing of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) was performed by using metal ions (Ferric chloride, FeCl₃). Two different mole% of epoxide were used there are 25 mole% (ENR-25) and 50 mole% (ENR-50) epoxizied natural rubber. The main aim of this work was investigated the influence of metal ions on the coordination reaction of epoxidized natural rubber. Also, cure characteristics and mechanical properties of the rubber compounds were investigated. It was found that the ENR-50 compounds indicated superior modulus and tensile strength than the ENR-25 compounds. This was attributed to higher the cross-linking in the rubber via coordination linkages between the oxidation groups in ENR molecule and FeCl₃of metal ions. Various quantities of FeCl3 were also investigated. It is seen that the ENR-25 and 50 mole% compounds with FeCl₃ of more than 3 mmol exhibited higher modulus and tensile strength compare to the pure ENR. Furthermore, the FTIR spectra was used to confirm the cross-linked of ENR with FeCl₃. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Epoxidized%20natural%20rubber" title="Epoxidized natural rubber">Epoxidized natural rubber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ferric%20chloride" title="Ferric chloride">Ferric chloride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cross-linking" title="cross-linking">cross-linking</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Coordination" title="Coordination">Coordination</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152865/metal-ions-cross-linking-of-epoxidized-natural-rubber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152865.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2631</span> Carboxymethyl Cellulose Coating onto Polypropylene Film Using Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment as Food Packaging</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Z.%20Honarvar">Z. Honarvar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Farhoodi"> M. Farhoodi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20R.%20Khani"> M. R. Khani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Shojaee-Aliabadi"> S. Shojaee-Aliabadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Recently, edible films and coating have attracted much attention in food industry due to their environmentally friendly nature and safety in direct contact with food. However edible films have relatively weak mechanical properties and high water vapor permeability. Therefore, the aim of the study was to develop bilayer carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) coated polypropylene (PP) films to increase mechanical properties and water vapor resistance of each pure CMC or PP films. To modify the surface properties of PE for better attachment of CMC coating layer to PP the atmospheric cold plasma treatment was used. Then the PP surface changes were evaluated by contact angle, AFM, and ATR-FTIR. Furthermore, the physical, mechanical, optical and microstructure characteristics of plasma-treated and untreated films were analyzed. ATR-FTIR results showed that plasma treatment created oxygen-containing groups on PP surface leading to an increase in hydrophilic properties of PP surface. Moreover, a decrease in water contact angle (from 88.92° to 52.15°) and an increase of roughness were observed on PP film surface indicating good adhesion between hydrophilic CMC and hydrophobic PP. Furthermore, plasma pre-treatment improved the tensile strength of CMC coated-PP films from 58.19 to 61.82. Water vapor permeability of plasma treated bilayer film was lower in comparison with untreated film. Therefore, cold plasma treatment has potential to improve attachment of CMC coating to PP layer, leading to enhanced water barrier and mechanical properties of CMC coated polypropylene as food packaging in which also CMC is in contact with food. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carboxymethyl%20cellulose%20film" title="carboxymethyl cellulose film">carboxymethyl cellulose film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold%20plasma" title=" cold plasma"> cold plasma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Polypropylene" title=" Polypropylene"> Polypropylene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20properties" title=" surface properties"> surface properties</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74884/carboxymethyl-cellulose-coating-onto-polypropylene-film-using-cold-atmospheric-plasma-treatment-as-food-packaging" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74884.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">282</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2630</span> The Investigation of Cadmium Pollution in the Metal Production Factory in Relation to Environmental Health</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Armin%20Hashemi">Seyed Armin Hashemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Somayeh%20Rahimzadeh"> Somayeh Rahimzadeh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Toxic metals such as lead and cadmium are among the pollutants that are created by the metal production factories and disseminated in the nature. In order to study the quantity of cadmium pollution in the environment of the metal production factories, 50 saplings of the spruce species at the peripheries of the metal production factories were examined and the samples of the leaves, roots and stems of saplings planted around the factory and the soil of the environment of the factory were studied to investigate pollution with cadmium. They were compared to the soil and saplings of the spruce trees planted outside the factory as observer region. The results showed that the quantity of pollution in the leaves, stem, and roots of the trees planted inside the factory environment were estimated at 1.1 milligram/kilogram, 1.5 milligram/kilogram and 2.5 milligram/kilogram respectively and this indicated a significant difference with the observer region (P < 0.05). The quantity of cadmium in the soil of the peripheries of the metal production factory was estimated at 6.8 milligram/kilogram in the depth of 0-10 centimeters beneath the level of the soil. The length of roots in the saplings planted around the factory of metal production stood at 11 centimeters and 14.5 centimeters in the observer region which had a significant difference with the observer region (P < 0.05). The quantity of soil resources and spruce species’ pollution with cadmium in the region has been influenced by the production processes in the factory. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cadmium%20pollution" title="cadmium pollution">cadmium pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spruce" title=" spruce"> spruce</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20pollution" title=" soil pollution"> soil pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20factory%20of%20producing%20alloy%20metals" title=" the factory of producing alloy metals"> the factory of producing alloy metals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1368/the-investigation-of-cadmium-pollution-in-the-metal-production-factory-in-relation-to-environmental-health" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/1368.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2629</span> Composite Electrodes Containing Ni-Fe-Cr as an Activatable Oxygen Evolution Catalyst</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olga%20A.%20Krysiak">Olga A. Krysiak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Grzegorz%20Cichowicz"> Grzegorz Cichowicz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wojciech%20Hyk"> Wojciech Hyk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michal%20Cyranski"> Michal Cyranski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jan%20Augustynski"> Jan Augustynski</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Metal oxides are known electrocatalyst in water oxidation reaction. Due to the fact that it is desirable for efficient oxygen evolution catalyst to contain numerous redox-active metal ions to guard four electron water oxidation reaction, mixed metal oxides exhibit enhanced catalytic activity towards oxygen evolution reaction compared to single metal oxide systems. On the surface of fluorine doped tin oxide coated glass slide (FTO) deposited (doctor blade technique) mixed metal oxide layer composed of nickel, iron, and chromium. Oxide coating was acquired by heat treatment of the aqueous precursors' solutions of the corresponding salts. As-prepared electrodes were photosensitive and acted as an efficient oxygen evolution catalyst. Our results showed that obtained by this method electrodes can be activated which leads to achieving of higher current densities. The recorded current and photocurrent associated with oxygen evolution process were at least two orders of magnitude higher in the presence of oxide layer compared to bare FTO electrode. The overpotential of the process is low (ca. 0,2 V). We have also checked the activity of the catalyst at different known photoanodes used in sun-driven water splitting. Herein, we demonstrate that we were able to achieve efficient oxygen evolution catalysts using relatively cheap precursor consisting of earth abundant metals and simple method of preparation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chromium" title="chromium">chromium</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrocatalysis" title=" electrocatalysis"> electrocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=iron" title=" iron"> iron</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20oxides" title=" metal oxides"> metal oxides</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nickel" title=" nickel"> nickel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oxygen%20evolution" title=" oxygen evolution"> oxygen evolution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77511/composite-electrodes-containing-ni-fe-cr-as-an-activatable-oxygen-evolution-catalyst" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77511.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">210</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2628</span> Stability Enhancement of Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes Using Ion Gels for Gas Separation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20H.%20Hwang">Y. H. Hwang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Won"> J. Won</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20S.%20Kang"> Y. S. Kang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs) have attracted due to the negligible vapor pressure of ionic liquids (ILs) as well as the high gas selectivity for specific gases such as CO2 or olefin. 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide ([EMIM][TCM]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tricyanomethanide ([BMIM][TCM]), show high CO2 solubility, CO2 absorption, rapid CO2 absorption rate and negligible vapor pressure, SILMs using these ILs have been good candidates as CO2 separation membranes. However, SILM has to be operated at a low differential pressure to prevent the solvent from being expelled from the pores of supported membranes. In this paper, we improve the mechanical strength by forming ion gels which provide the stability while it retains the diffusion properties of the liquid stage which affects the gas separation properties. The ion gel was created by the addition of tri-block copolymer, poly(styrene-ethylene oxide-b-styrene) in RTIL. SILM using five different RTILs, are investigated with and without ion gels. The gas permeance were measured and the gas performance with and without the SEOS were investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ion%20gel" title="ion gel">ion gel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ionic%20liquid" title=" ionic liquid"> ionic liquid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=membrane" title=" membrane"> membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanostructure" title=" nanostructure"> nanostructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15496/stability-enhancement-of-supported-ionic-liquid-membranes-using-ion-gels-for-gas-separation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15496.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">312</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20vapor&page=6" rel="prev">&lsaquo;</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20vapor&page=1">1</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20vapor&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20vapor&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20vapor&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20vapor&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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