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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Single-cylinder engine</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enkelsilinderenjin" title="Enkelsilinderenjin – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Enkelsilinderenjin" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%B0%D9%88_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="محرك ذو أسطوانة واحدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="محرك ذو أسطوانة واحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_monocil%C3%ADndric" title="Motor monocilíndric – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Motor monocilíndric" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jednov%C3%A1lcov%C3%BD_motor" title="Jednoválcový motor – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jednoválcový motor" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einzylindermotor" title="Einzylindermotor – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Einzylindermotor" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_monocil%C3%ADndrico" title="Motor monocilíndrico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Motor monocilíndrico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AA%DA%A9%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1" title="موتور تک‌سیلندر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="موتور تک‌سیلندر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EA%B8%B0%ED%86%B5_%EC%97%94%EC%A7%84" title="단기통 엔진 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="단기통 엔진" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesin_satu_silinder" title="Mesin satu silinder – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Mesin satu silinder" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motore_monocilindrico" title="Motore monocilindrico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Motore monocilindrico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Едноцилиндричен мотор – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Едноцилиндричен мотор" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%98%E6%B0%97%E7%AD%92%E3%82%A8%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B8%E3%83%B3" title="単気筒エンジン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="単気筒エンジン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motor_monocil%C3%ADndrico" title="Motor monocilíndrico – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Motor monocilíndrico" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Одноцилиндровый двигатель – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Одноцилиндровый двигатель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jednovalcov%C3%BD_motor" title="Jednovalcový motor – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jednovalcový motor" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enovaljni_motor" title="Enovaljni motor – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Enovaljni motor" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-sylinterinen_moottori" title="1-sylinterinen moottori – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1-sylinterinen moottori" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tek_silindirli_motor" title="Tek silindirli motor – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tek silindirli motor" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BD_%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Одноциліндровий двигун внутрішнього згоряння – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Одноциліндровий двигун внутрішнього згоряння" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Piston engine with one cylinder</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2007-05-20_3_DKW_RT_250_in_Mendig_(kl).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2007-05-20_3_DKW_RT_250_in_Mendig_%28kl%29.JPG/220px-2007-05-20_3_DKW_RT_250_in_Mendig_%28kl%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2007-05-20_3_DKW_RT_250_in_Mendig_%28kl%29.JPG/330px-2007-05-20_3_DKW_RT_250_in_Mendig_%28kl%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/2007-05-20_3_DKW_RT_250_in_Mendig_%28kl%29.JPG/440px-2007-05-20_3_DKW_RT_250_in_Mendig_%28kl%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1176" data-file-height="784" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/DKW" title="DKW">DKW</a> RT 250 (1952–1953) motorcycle engine</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>single-cylinder engine</b>, sometimes called a <b>thumper</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Reciprocating_engine" title="Reciprocating engine">piston engine</a> with one <a href="/wiki/Cylinder_(engine)" title="Cylinder (engine)">cylinder</a>. This engine is often used for <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle">motorcycles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scooter_(motorcycle)" title="Scooter (motorcycle)">motor scooters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Motorized_bicycle" title="Motorized bicycle">motorized bicycles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Go-kart" title="Go-kart">go-karts</a>, <a href="/wiki/All-terrain_vehicle" title="All-terrain vehicle">all-terrain vehicles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_control" title="Radio control">radio-controlled vehicles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Power_tool" title="Power tool">power tools</a> and garden machinery (such as <a href="/wiki/Chainsaw" title="Chainsaw">chainsaws</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lawn_mower" title="Lawn mower">lawn mowers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cultivator" title="Cultivator">cultivators</a>, and <a href="/wiki/String_trimmer" title="String trimmer">string trimmers</a>). Single-cylinder engines are made both as <a href="/wiki/4-stroke" class="mw-redirect" title="4-stroke">4-strokes</a> and <a href="/wiki/2-stroke" class="mw-redirect" title="2-stroke">2-strokes</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Single-cylinder_engine&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bond_minicar_engine_bay_1959.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bond_minicar_engine_bay_1959.jpg/220px-Bond_minicar_engine_bay_1959.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bond_minicar_engine_bay_1959.jpg/330px-Bond_minicar_engine_bay_1959.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Bond_minicar_engine_bay_1959.jpg/440px-Bond_minicar_engine_bay_1959.jpg 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="486" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Villiers_Engineering" title="Villiers Engineering">Villiers</a> engine in a 1959 <a href="/wiki/Bond_Minicar" title="Bond Minicar">Bond Minicar</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>Compared with multi-cylinder engines, single-cylinder engines are usually simpler and compact.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the greater potential for airflow around all sides of the cylinder, <a href="/wiki/Air-cooled_engine" title="Air-cooled engine">air cooling</a> is often more effective for single cylinder engines than multi-cylinder engines. This reduces the weight and complexity of air-cooled single-cylinder engines, compared with liquid-cooled engines. </p><p>Drawbacks of single-cylinder engines include a more pulsating power delivery through each cycle and higher levels of vibration.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The uneven power delivery means that often a single-cylinder engine requires a heavier <a href="/wiki/Flywheel" title="Flywheel">flywheel</a> than a comparable multi-cylinder engine, resulting in relatively slower changes in engine speed. To reduce the vibration level, they often make greater use of <a href="/wiki/Balance_shaft" title="Balance shaft">balance shafts</a> than multi-cylinder engines,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as more extreme methods such as a dummy connecting rod (for example the <a href="/wiki/Ducati_Supermono" title="Ducati Supermono">Ducati Supermono</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These balancing devices can reduce the benefits of single-cylinder engines regarding lower weight and complexity. </p><p>Most single-cylinder engines used in motor vehicles are fueled by <a href="/wiki/Petrol" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrol">petrol</a> (and use a <a href="/wiki/Four-stroke_engine" title="Four-stroke engine">four-stroke cycle</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however <a href="/wiki/Diesel_fuel" title="Diesel fuel">diesel</a> single-cylinder engines are also used in stationary applications (such as the <a href="/wiki/Lombardini_S.r.l.#Air-cooled_diesel_engines" title="Lombardini S.r.l.">Lombardini</a> 3LD and 15LD). </p><p>A variation known as the <a href="/wiki/Split-single" class="mw-redirect" title="Split-single">split-single</a> makes use of two pistons which share a single combustion chamber. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Single-cylinder_engine&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Detail_view_of_a_large_single-cylinder_air-cooled_motorcycle_engine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Detail_view_of_a_large_single-cylinder_air-cooled_motorcycle_engine.jpg/220px-Detail_view_of_a_large_single-cylinder_air-cooled_motorcycle_engine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Detail_view_of_a_large_single-cylinder_air-cooled_motorcycle_engine.jpg/330px-Detail_view_of_a_large_single-cylinder_air-cooled_motorcycle_engine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Detail_view_of_a_large_single-cylinder_air-cooled_motorcycle_engine.jpg/440px-Detail_view_of_a_large_single-cylinder_air-cooled_motorcycle_engine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5399" data-file-height="4016" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Yamaha_SRX" title="Yamaha SRX">Yamaha SRX600</a> (1985–1997) motorcycle engine</figcaption></figure> <p>Early <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle">motorcycles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">automobiles</a> and other applications such as marine engines all tended to be single-cylinder. The configuration is almost exclusively used in portable tools, along with <a href="/wiki/Garden_tool" title="Garden tool">garden machinery</a> such as lawn mowers.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Single cylinder engines also remain in widespread use in motorcycles, <a href="/wiki/Motor_scooter" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor scooter">motor scooters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Go-kart" title="Go-kart">go-karts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">auto rickshaws</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Radio-controlled_model" title="Radio-controlled model">radio-controlled models</a>. From 1921 to 1960, the <a href="/wiki/Lanz_Bulldog" title="Lanz Bulldog">Lanz Bulldog</a> tractor used a large horizontally-mounted single cylinder two-stroke engine.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However they are rarely used in modern automobiles and tractors, due to developments in engine technology. </p><p>Single cylinder engines remain the most common engine layout in <a href="/wiki/Motor_scooter" class="mw-redirect" title="Motor scooter">motor scooters</a> and low-powered <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle" title="Motorcycle">motorcycles</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Honda_Super_Cub" title="Honda Super Cub">Honda Super Cub</a> (the motor vehicle with the highest overall sales since its introduction in 1958) uses a 49 cc (3.0 cu in) four-stroke single-cylinder engine. There are also several single-cylinder <a href="/wiki/Sportbike" class="mw-redirect" title="Sportbike">sportbikes</a> (such as the <a href="/wiki/KTM_690_Duke_R" class="mw-redirect" title="KTM 690 Duke R">KTM 690 Duke R</a>), <a href="/wiki/Dual-sport_motorcycle" title="Dual-sport motorcycle">dual-sport motorcycles</a> (such as the <a href="/wiki/BMW_G650GS" title="BMW G650GS">BMW G650GS</a>) and the classic-styled <a href="/wiki/Royal_Enfield_Bullet" title="Royal Enfield Bullet">Royal Enfield 500 Bullet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Moto3 class in the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing" title="Grand Prix motorcycle racing">MotoGP World Championship</a> have used four-stroke 250 cc (15.3 cu in) single cylinder engines since the class replaced 125 cc (7.6 cu in) two-strokes in <a href="/wiki/2012_Grand_Prix_motorcycle_racing_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season">2012</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_single-cylinder_engines">Other single-cylinder engines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Single-cylinder_engine&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Other single-cylinder engines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Engines of other sorts, like the <a href="/wiki/Beam_engine" title="Beam engine">beam engine</a> and certain types of <a href="/wiki/Stirling_engine" title="Stirling engine">Stirling engine</a>, operate using one cylinder and thus can also be considered single-cylinder engines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Single-cylinder_engine&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191217103057/https://www.thebikemarket.co.uk/advice/single-cylinder-engines">"Single Cylinder Engines"</a>. <i>TheBikeMarket</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thebikemarket.co.uk/advice/single-cylinder-engines">the original</a> on 2019-12-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TheBikeMarket&rft.atitle=Single+Cylinder+Engines&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebikemarket.co.uk%2Fadvice%2Fsingle-cylinder-engines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingle-cylinder+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gardentractorpullingtips.com/balance.htm">"How to Balancing a Single Cylinder Engine Crankshaft and Piston/Connecting Rod Assembly and Flywheel to Reduce Dangerous Vibration"</a>. <i>www.gardentractorpullingtips.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gardentractorpullingtips.com&rft.atitle=How+to+Balancing+a+Single+Cylinder+Engine+Crankshaft+and+Piston%2FConnecting+Rod+Assembly+and+Flywheel+to+Reduce+Dangerous+Vibration&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgardentractorpullingtips.com%2Fbalance.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingle-cylinder+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isavetractors.com/articles-1/engine-science-the-balancing-act-of-single-cylinder-engines/">"Engine Science: The Balancing Act of Single Cylinder Engines"</a>. <i>www.isavetractors.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thecoolist.com&rft.atitle=The+16+Best+Retro+Motorcycles+Make+Bikes+Great%2C+Again&rft.date=2016-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecoolist.com%2Fbest-retro-motorcycles%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingle-cylinder+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://auto.howstuffworks.com/engine2.htm">"How Car Engines Work"</a>. <i>www.howstuffworks.com</i>. 5 April 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.gasenginemagazine.com&rft.atitle=The+Lanz+Bulldog&rft.date=1988-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gasenginemagazine.com%2Ftractors%2Fthe-lanz-bulldog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingle-cylinder+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120612135532/http://www.ktm.com/gb/naked-bike/690-duke-ausuk.html">"690 Duke: The essence of motorcycling"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ktm.com/gb/naked-bike/690-duke-ausuk.html">the original</a> on 2012-06-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-06-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=690+Duke%3A+The+essence+of+motorcycling&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ktm.com%2Fgb%2Fnaked-bike%2F690-duke-ausuk.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASingle-cylinder+engine" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Blasco" class="citation web cs1">David Blasco. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royalenfields.com/">"Royal Enfield Motorcycles"</a>. Royalenfields.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111207025443/http://www.royalenfields.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-12-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Piston_engine_configurations" title="Template:Piston engine configurations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Piston_engine_configurations" title="Template talk:Piston engine configurations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Piston_engine_configurations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Piston engine configurations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Engine_configurations_for_piston_engines" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Engine_configuration" title="Engine configuration">Engine configurations</a> for <a href="/wiki/Piston_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Piston engine">piston engines</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newcomen_atmospheric_engine" title="Newcomen atmospheric engine">Atmospheric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axial_engine" title="Axial engine">Axial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beam_engine" title="Beam engine">Beam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_steam_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cornish steam engine">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotative_beam_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotative beam engine">Rotative</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourke_engine" title="Bourke engine">Bourke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cam_engine" title="Cam engine">Cam engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camless_piston_engine" title="Camless piston engine">Camless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_steam_engine" title="Compound steam engine">Compound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-acting_cylinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Double-acting cylinder">Double-acting cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flathead_engine" title="Flathead engine">Flathead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-piston_engine" title="Free-piston engine">Free-piston</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stelzer_engine" title="Stelzer engine">Stelzer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemi_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemi engine">Hemi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heron_cylinder_head" title="Heron cylinder head">Heron head</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IOE_engine" title="IOE engine">Intake over exhaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscillating_cylinder_steam_engine" title="Oscillating cylinder steam engine">Oscillating cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposed-piston_engine" title="Opposed-piston engine">Opposed-piston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhead_camshaft_engine" title="Overhead camshaft engine">Overhead camshaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Overhead_valve_engine" title="Overhead valve engine">Overhead valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pent-roof_combustion_chamber" title="Pent-roof combustion chamber">Pentroof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotary_engine" title="Rotary engine">Rotary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-acting_cylinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-acting cylinder">Single-acting cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split_cycle_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Split cycle engine">Split cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swing-piston_engine" title="Swing-piston engine">Swing-piston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniflow_steam_engine" title="Uniflow steam engine">Uniflow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watt_steam_engine" title="Watt steam engine">Watt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysler_wedge_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrysler wedge engine">Wedge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stroke_(engine)" title="Stroke (engine)">Stroke cycles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Two-stroke_engine" title="Two-stroke engine">Two-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-stroke_engine" title="Four-stroke engine">Four-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-stroke_engine" title="Five-stroke engine">Five-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-stroke_engine" title="Six-stroke engine">Six-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-_and_four-stroke_engines" title="Two- and four-stroke engines">Two-and four-stroke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engine_configuration" title="Engine configuration">Cylinder layouts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Straight_engine" title="Straight engine">Inline / straight</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">I1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-twin_engine" title="Straight-twin engine">I2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-three_engine" title="Straight-three engine">I3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-four_engine" title="Straight-four engine">I4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-five_engine" title="Straight-five engine">I5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-six_engine" title="Straight-six engine">I6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-seven_engine" title="Straight-seven engine">I7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-eight_engine" title="Straight-eight engine">I8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-nine_engine" title="Straight-nine engine">I9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-twelve_engine" title="Straight-twelve engine">I12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight-fourteen_engine" title="Straight-fourteen engine">I14</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/Flat_engine" title="Flat engine">Flat / boxer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flat-twin_engine" title="Flat-twin engine">F2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-four_engine" title="Flat-four engine">F4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-six_engine" title="Flat-six engine">F6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-eight_engine" title="Flat-eight engine">F8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-ten_engine" title="Flat-ten engine">F10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-twelve_engine" title="Flat-twelve engine">F12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat-sixteen_engine" title="Flat-sixteen engine">F16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/V_engine" title="V engine">V / Vee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V-twin_engine" title="V-twin engine">V2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V3_engine" title="V3 engine">V3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V4_engine" title="V4 engine">V4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V5_engine" title="V5 engine">V5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VR5_engine" title="VR5 engine">VR5</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V6_engine" title="V6 engine">V6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/VR6_engine" title="VR6 engine">VR6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V8_engine" title="V8 engine">V8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V10_engine" title="V10 engine">V10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V12_engine" title="V12 engine">V12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V14_engine" title="V14 engine">V14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V16_engine" title="V16 engine">V16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V18_engine" title="V18 engine">V18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V20_engine" title="V20 engine">V20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V24_engine" title="V24 engine">V24</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="/wiki/W_engine" title="W engine">W</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W_engine#W3_engines" title="W engine">W3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_engine#W6_engines" title="W engine">W6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W8_engine" title="W8 engine">W8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W12_engine" title="W12 engine">W12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W16_engine" title="W16 engine">W16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W18_engine" title="W18 engine">W18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_engine#W24_engine" title="W engine">W24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_engine#W30_engine" title="W engine">W30</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napier_Deltic" title="Napier Deltic">Deltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H_engine" title="H engine">H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radial_engine" title="Radial engine">Radial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Split-single_engine" title="Split-single engine">Split-single</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U_engine" title="U engine">U</a></li> 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