CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="pl" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Lama – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )plwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","styczeń","luty","marzec","kwiecień","maj","czerwiec","lipiec","sierpień","wrzesień","październik","listopad","grudzień"],"wgRequestId":"e166d222-4a1c-4919-a0f4-cb81a92bf84d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Lama","wgTitle":"Lama","wgCurRevisionId":74394284,"wgRevisionId":74394284,"wgArticleId":3685141,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Wielbłądowate"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"pl","wgPageContentLanguage":"pl","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Lama","wgRelevantArticleId":3685141,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":1}}},"wgStableRevisionId":74394284,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true, "wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"pl","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"pl"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q753853","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.wikiflex":"ready","ext.gadget.infobox":"ready","ext.gadget.hlist":"ready", "ext.gadget.darkmode-overrides":"ready","ext.gadget.small-references":"ready","ext.gadget.citation-access-info":"ready","ext.gadget.sprawdz-problemy-szablony":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.ll-script-loader","ext.gadget.veKeepParameters", "ext.gadget.szablon-galeria","ext.gadget.NavFrame","ext.gadget.citoid-overrides","ext.gadget.maps","ext.gadget.padlock-indicators","ext.gadget.interwiki-langlist","ext.gadget.edit-summaries","ext.gadget.edit-first-section","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.gadget.map-toggler","ext.gadget.narrowFootnoteColumns","ext.gadget.WDsearch","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=ext.gadget.citation-access-info%2Cdarkmode-overrides%2Chlist%2Cinfobox%2Csmall-references%2Csprawdz-problemy-szablony%2Cwikiflex&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pl&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Arg20080406.20.jpg/1200px-Arg20080406.20.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Arg20080406.20.jpg/800px-Arg20080406.20.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Arg20080406.20.jpg/640px-Arg20080406.20.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Lama – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//pl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edytuj" href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (pl)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//pl.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Kanał Atom Wikipedii" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ostatnie_zmiany&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Lama rootpage-Lama skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Przejdź do zawartości</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu główne" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu główne</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu główne</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Nawigacja </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" title="Przejdź na stronę główną [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Strona główna</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Losowa_strona" title="Załaduj losową stronę [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Losuj artykuł</span></a></li><li id="n-Kategorie" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Kategorie_G%C5%82%C3%B3wne"><span>Kategorie artykułów</span></a></li><li id="n-Featured-articles" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wyr%C3%B3%C5%BCniona_zawarto%C5%9B%C4%87_Wikipedii"><span>Najlepsze artykuły</span></a></li><li id="n-FAQ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:FAQ"><span>Częste pytania (FAQ)</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-zmiany" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-zmiany" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dla czytelników </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-czytelnicy" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:O_Wikipedii"><span>O Wikipedii</span></a></li><li id="n-contact" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kontakt_z_wikipedystami"><span>Kontakt</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-edytorzy" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-edytorzy" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dla wikipedystów </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-pierwsze-kroki" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki"><span>Pierwsze kroki</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal_wikipedyst%C3%B3w" title="O projekcie – co możesz zrobić, gdzie możesz znaleźć informacje"><span>Portal wikipedystów</span></a></li><li id="n-Noticeboard" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tablica_og%C5%82osze%C5%84"><span>Ogłoszenia</span></a></li><li id="n-Guidelines" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Zasady"><span>Zasady</span></a></li><li id="n-helppage-name" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Spis_tre%C5%9Bci"><span>Pomoc</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ostatnie_zmiany" title="Lista ostatnich zmian w Wikipedii. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ostatnie zmiany</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="wolna encyklopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Szukaj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Szukaj</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" aria-label="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specjalna:Szukaj"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Szukaj</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Zmień rozmiar czcionki, szerokość oraz kolorystykę strony" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wygląd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wygląd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl" class=""><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Lama" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe." class=""><span>Utwórz konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Lama" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Zaloguj się</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Więcej opcji" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia osobiste</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu użytkownika" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl"><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Lama" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Utwórz konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Lama" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Zasięg_występowania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zasięg_występowania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Zasięg występowania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zasięg_występowania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Morfologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Morfologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Morfologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Morfologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Systematyka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Systematyka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Systematyka</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Systematyka-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Przełącz podsekcję Systematyka</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Systematyka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Etymologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Etymologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Podział_systematyczny" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podział_systematyczny"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Podział systematyczny</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podział_systematyczny-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uwagi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uwagi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Uwagi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uwagi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Przypisy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Przypisy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Przypisy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Przypisy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lama</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 50 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 języków</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9_(%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3)" title="لامة (جنس) – arabski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لامة (جنس)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamalar" title="Lamalar – azerbejdżański" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Lamalar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbejdżański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE_(%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3)" title="লামা (গণ) – bengalski" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লামা (গণ)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ламалар – baszkirski" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ламалар" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baszkirski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Ламы – białoruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Ламы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="białoruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama_(g%C3%A8nere)" title="Lama (gènere) – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Lama (gènere)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama_(mamipero)" title="Lama (mamipero) – cebuański" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Lama (mamipero)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama" title="Lama – czeski" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lama" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="czeski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamas_(Gattung)" title="Lamas (Gattung) – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lamas (Gattung)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C3%A1di%CA%BC%C3%A1%C3%A1hd%C4%99%CC%81%C4%99%CC%81%CA%BC_t%C5%82%CA%BC%C3%ADz%C3%AD" title="Shádiʼááhdę́ę́ʼ tłʼízí – nawaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Shádiʼááhdę́ę́ʼ tłʼízí" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="nawaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laama_(perekond)" title="Laama (perekond) – estoński" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Laama (perekond)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama_(genus)" title="Lama (genus) – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lama (genus)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama_(g%C3%A9nero)" title="Lama (género) – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lama (género)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamo_(genro)" title="Lamo (genro) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Lamo (genro)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama_(generoa)" title="Lama (generoa) – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Lama (generoa)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7_(%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87)" title="لاما (سرده) – perski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لاما (سرده)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama_(genre)" title="Lama (genre) – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lama (genre)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama%27s" title="Lama's – zachodniofryzyjski" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Lama's" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="zachodniofryzyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%9D%BC%EB%A7%88%EC%86%8D" title="라마속 – koreański" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="라마속" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama_(genus)" title="Lama (genus) – indonezyjski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lama (genus)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamas_(genere)" title="Lamas (genere) – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lamas (genere)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama_(genere)" title="Lama (genere) – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lama (genere)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%94_(%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%92)" title="למה (סוג) – hebrajski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="למה (סוג)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="ლამა – gruziński" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლამა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruziński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama" title="Lama – kaszubski" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Lama" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="kaszubski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Ламалар – kazachski" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Ламалар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazachski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pratcol_(Lama)" title="Pratcol (Lama) – kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Pratcol (Lama)" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Лама – kirgiski" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Лама" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamas" title="Lamas – łotewski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Lamas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="łotewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamaen" title="Lamaen – luksemburski" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Lamaen" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luksemburski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamos" title="Lamos – litewski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Lamos" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litewski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama" title="Lama – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lama" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87" title="لامه – egipski arabski" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لامه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egipski arabski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama_(geslacht)" title="Lama (geslacht) – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lama (geslacht)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9E%E5%B1%9E" title="ラマ属 – japoński" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラマ属" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamaer" title="Lamaer – norweski (bokmål)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Lamaer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norweski (bokmål)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA)" title="Лама (урлык) – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Лама (урлык)" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamalar" title="Lamalar – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Lamalar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llama" title="Llama – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Llama" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama_(g%C3%AAnero)" title="Lama (gênero) – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lama (gênero)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8B" title="Ламы – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ламы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama" title="Lama – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lama" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Ламе – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ламе" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laamat" title="Laamat – fiński" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Laamat" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="fiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama_(sl%C3%A4kte)" title="Lama (släkte) – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lama (släkte)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B4)" title="Лама (рід) – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Лама (рід)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama_(chi_l%E1%BA%A1c_%C4%91%C3%A0)" title="Lama (chi lạc đà) – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lama (chi lạc đà)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama_(geslacht)" title="Lama (geslacht) – zachodnioflamandzki" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Lama (geslacht)" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="zachodnioflamandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama" title="Lama – waraj" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lama" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waraj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8A%E9%A7%9D%E5%B1%AC" title="羊駝屬 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="羊駝屬" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q753853#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lama" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja:Lama&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony (strona nie istnieje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zmień wariant języka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">polski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Widok"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lama"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&action=history" title="Starsze wersje tej strony [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Narzędzia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Więcej opcji" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Działania </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lama"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&action=history"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ogólne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Linkuj%C4%85ce/Lama" title="Pokaż listę wszystkich stron linkujących do tej strony [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Linkujące</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Zmiany_w_linkowanych/Lama" rel="nofollow" title="Ostatnie zmiany w stronach, do których ta strona linkuje [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Zmiany w linkowanych</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Strony_specjalne" title="Lista wszystkich stron specjalnych [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Strony specjalne</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&oldid=74394284" title="Stały link do tej wersji tej strony"><span>Link do tej wersji</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&action=info" title="Więcej informacji na temat tej strony"><span>Informacje o tej stronie</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Cytuj&page=Lama&id=74394284&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacja o tym jak należy cytować tę stronę"><span>Cytowanie tego artykułu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Skr%C3%B3%C4%87_adres_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLama"><span>Zobacz skrócony adres URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Kod_QR&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLama"><span>Pobierz kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukuj lub eksportuj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Lama"><span>Utwórz książkę</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:DownloadAsPdf&page=Lama&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pobierz jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&printable=yes" title="Wersja do wydruku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Wersja do druku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> W innych projektach </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lama_(genus)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lama" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q753853" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67504987">.mw-parser-output .infobox-zwierzeta .naglowek{color:black;background:#d3d3a4}</style> <table class="infobox infobox-zwierzeta"> <caption class="naglowek" style="background-color:#D3D3A4; color:#000000;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Lama</div> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; color:black; background-color:white;"><i>Lama</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:var(--background-color-base, white); color:var(--color-base, black); text-align:center; font-size:x-small; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa; padding-top:0px;"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Cuvier" title="Georges Cuvier">G. Cuvier</a>, 1800<sup id="cite_ref-GCuvier_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GCuvier-1">[1]</a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3A4; color:black; text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> </td></tr> <tr class="grafika iboxs"> <td colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plik:Arg20080406.20.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Przedstawiciel rodzaju – gwanako andyjskie (Lama guanicoe)"><img alt="Ilustracja" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Arg20080406.20.jpg/240px-Arg20080406.20.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Arg20080406.20.jpg/360px-Arg20080406.20.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Arg20080406.20.jpg/480px-Arg20080406.20.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span><br />Przedstawiciel rodzaju – <b><a href="/wiki/Gwanako_andyjskie" title="Gwanako andyjskie">gwanako andyjskie</a></b> (<i>Lama guanicoe</i>) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3A4; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"><a href="/wiki/Systematyka_organizm%C3%B3w" title="Systematyka organizmów">Systematyka</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Domena_(biologia)" title="Domena (biologia)">Domena</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Eukarionty" title="Eukarionty">eukarionty</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kr%C3%B3lestwo_(biologia)" title="Królestwo (biologia)">Królestwo</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Zwierz%C4%99ta" title="Zwierzęta">zwierzęta</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Typ_(biologia)" title="Typ (biologia)">Typ</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Strunowce" title="Strunowce">strunowce</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Podtyp </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Kr%C4%99gowce" title="Kręgowce">kręgowce</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Gromada_(biologia)" title="Gromada (biologia)">Gromada</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Ssaki" title="Ssaki">ssaki</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Podgromada </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/%C5%BByworodne" title="Żyworodne">żyworodne</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Rz%C4%85d_(biologia)" title="Rząd (biologia)">Rząd</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Parzystokopytne" title="Parzystokopytne">parzystokopytne</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Podrząd </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Wielb%C5%82%C4%85dokszta%C5%82tne" title="Wielbłądokształtne">wielbłądokształtne</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Rodzina_(biologia)" title="Rodzina (biologia)">Rodzina</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Wielb%C5%82%C4%85dowate" title="Wielbłądowate">wielbłądowate</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Podrodzina </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Camelinae" title="Camelinae">Camelinae</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Plemi%C4%99_(biologia)" title="Plemię (biologia)">Plemię</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Lamini" title="Lamini">Lamini</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Rodzaj_(biologia)" title="Rodzaj (biologia)">Rodzaj</a> </th> <td> <p>lama </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background:#D3D3A4; color:black; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #aaa;"><a href="/wiki/Typ_nomenklatoryczny" title="Typ nomenklatoryczny">Typ nomenklatoryczny</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <p><i>Camelus glama</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%"><a href="/wiki/Karol_Linneusz" title="Karol Linneusz">Linnaeus</a>, 1758</span> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table class="collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="naglowek" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-top:1px solid #aaa;"><a href="/wiki/Synonim_(taksonomia)" title="Synonim (taksonomia)">Synonimy</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <ul><li><i>Lama</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3">[a]</a></sup> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Leonhard_Frisch" title="Johann Leonhard Frisch">Frisch</a>, 1775</span><sup id="cite_ref-Frisch_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frisch-4">[3]</a></sup></li> <li><i>Lacma</i><sup id="cite_ref-uwaga1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uwaga1-5">[b]</a></sup>: <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Friedrich_Tiedemann&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Friedrich Tiedemann (strona nie istnieje)">Tiedemann</a>, 1804</span><sup id="cite_ref-Tiedemann_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tiedemann-6">[4]</a></sup></li> <li><i>Auchenia</i><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[c]</a></sup> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Karl_Wilhelm_Illiger" title="Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger">Illiger</a>, 1811</span><sup id="cite_ref-Illiger1811_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Illiger1811-8">[5]</a></sup></li> <li><i>Guanaco</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Perry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George Perry (strona nie istnieje)">Perry</a>, 1811</span><sup id="cite_ref-Perry_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry-9">[6]</a></sup></li> <li><i>Llama</i><sup id="cite_ref-uwaga1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uwaga1-5">[b]</a></sup>: <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Fischer_von_Waldheim" title="Johann Fischer von Waldheim">G. Fischer</a>, 1814</span><sup id="cite_ref-Fischer_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fischer-10">[7]</a></sup></li> <li><i>Llacma</i><sup id="cite_ref-uwaga1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uwaga1-5">[b]</a></sup>: <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">Illiger, 1815</span><sup id="cite_ref-Illiger1815_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Illiger1815-11">[8]</a></sup></li> <li><i>Vicunia</i><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[d]</a></sup> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%"><a href="/wiki/Constantine_Samuel_Rafinesque" title="Constantine Samuel Rafinesque">Rafinesque</a>, 1815</span><sup id="cite_ref-Rafinesque_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rafinesque-13">[9]</a></sup></li> <li><i>Aucheria</i><sup id="cite_ref-uwaga2_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uwaga2-14">[e]</a></sup>: <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Cuvier" title="Frédéric Cuvier">F. Cuvier</a>, 1829</span><sup id="cite_ref-FCuvier_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FCuvier-15">[10]</a></sup></li> <li><i>Dromedarius</i><sup id="cite_ref-auch_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auch-16">[f]</a></sup> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%"><a href="/wiki/Johann_Georg_Wagler" title="Johann Georg Wagler">Wagler</a>, 1830</span><sup id="cite_ref-Wagler_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wagler-17">[11]</a></sup></li> <li><i>Vicugna</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%"><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Lesson" title="René Lesson">Lesson</a>, 1842</span><sup id="cite_ref-Lesson_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lesson-18">[12]</a></sup></li> <li><i>Auchenias</i><sup id="cite_ref-uwaga2_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uwaga2-14">[e]</a></sup>: <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Andreas_Wagner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Andreas Wagner (strona nie istnieje)">J.A. Wagner</a>, 1843</span><sup id="cite_ref-Wagner_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wagner-19">[13]</a></sup></li> <li><i>Pacos</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%"><a href="/wiki/John_Edward_Gray" title="John Edward Gray">J.E. Gray</a>, 1872</span><sup id="cite_ref-Gray_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray-20">[14]</a></sup></li> <li><i>Protorhea</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francisco_Pascasio_Moreno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francisco Pascasio Moreno (strona nie istnieje)">Moreno</a> & <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcides_Mercerat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alcides Mercerat (strona nie istnieje)">Mercerat</a>, 1891</span><sup id="cite_ref-mor&mer_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mor&mer-21">[15]</a></sup></li> <li><i>Neoauchenia</i><sup id="cite_ref-auch_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auch-16">[f]</a></sup> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%"><a href="/wiki/Florentino_Ameghino" title="Florentino Ameghino">Ameghino</a>, 1891</span><sup id="cite_ref-Ameghino_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ameghino-22">[16]</a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" class="naglowek" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-top:1px solid #aaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><a href="/wiki/Gatunek_(biologia)" title="Gatunek (biologia)">Gatunki</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table class="iboxtab void"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"> <p><i>5 gatunków (w tym 2 udomowione i 1 wymarły) – zobacz opis w tekście</i> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lama" title="Systematyka"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/24px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/36px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/48px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lama" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Lama">Systematyka w Wikispecies</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lama" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Lama" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Lama">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/lama" title="Wikisłownik"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/28px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/42px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg/56px-WiktionaryPl_nodesc.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="122" data-file-height="117" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://pl.wiktionary.org/wiki/lama" class="extiw" title="wikt:lama">Hasło w Wikisłowniku</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Lama</b><sup id="cite_ref-Cichocki&inni_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cichocki&inni-23">[17]</a></sup>, wikunia<sup id="cite_ref-Cichocki&inni_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cichocki&inni-23">[17]</a></sup> (<i>Lama</i>) – <a href="/wiki/Rodzaj_(biologia)" title="Rodzaj (biologia)">rodzaj</a> <a href="/wiki/Ssaki" title="Ssaki">ssaków</a> z <a href="/wiki/Rodzina_(biologia)" title="Rodzina (biologia)">podrodziny</a> <a href="/wiki/Camelinae" title="Camelinae">Camelinae</a> w obrębie <a href="/wiki/Rodzina_(biologia)" title="Rodzina (biologia)">rodziny</a> <a href="/wiki/Wielb%C5%82%C4%85dowate" title="Wielbłądowate">wielbłądowatych</a> (Camelidae). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zasięg_występowania"><span id="Zasi.C4.99g_wyst.C4.99powania"></span>Zasięg występowania</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Zasięg występowania" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Zasięg występowania"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rodzaj obejmuje gatunki występujące w stanie dzikim <a href="/wiki/Ameryka_Po%C5%82udniowa" title="Ameryka Południowa">Ameryce Południowej</a><sup id="cite_ref-Burgin&inni_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burgin&inni-24">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Franklin_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franklin-25">[19]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wilson&Reeder_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson&Reeder-26">[20]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morfologia">Morfologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj sekcję: Morfologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&action=edit&section=2" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Morfologia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Długość ciała 114–229 cm, długość ogona 15–27 cm, wysokość w kłębie 85–130 cm; masa ciała 38–220 kg<sup id="cite_ref-Franklin_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franklin-25">[19]</a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systematyka">Systematyka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj sekcję: Systematyka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&action=edit&section=3" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Systematyka"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rodzaj zdefiniował w 1800 roku francuski <a href="/wiki/Historia_naturalna" title="Historia naturalna">przyrodnik</a> <a href="/wiki/Georges_Cuvier" title="Georges Cuvier">Georges Cuvier</a> w publikacji swojego autorstwa poświęconej anatomii porównawczej<sup id="cite_ref-GCuvier_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GCuvier-1">[1]</a></sup>. Na <a href="/wiki/Gatunek_typowy" title="Gatunek typowy">gatunek typowy</a> Cuvier wyznaczył (oznaczenie monotypowe) lamę andyjską (<i>L. glama</i>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymologia">Etymologia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj sekcję: Etymologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&action=edit&section=4" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Etymologia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Lama</i> (<i>Lacma</i>, <i>Llama</i>, <i>Llacma</i>): <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_hiszpa%C5%84ski" title="Język hiszpański">peruwiańska</a> nazwa <i>llama</i> dla lamy, od <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_keczua" title="Język keczua">keczuańskiej</a> nazwy <i>llama</i> dla lam<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655519_363]_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655519_363]-27">[21]</a></sup>.</li> <li><i>Auchenia</i> (<i>Aucheria</i>, <i>Auchenias</i>): <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_grecki" title="Język grecki">gr.</a> <span style="font-style: normal;" lang="el">αυχενιος</span> <i>aukhenios</i> ‘szyjny’, od αυχην <i>aukhēn</i> ‘szyja’<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655284_128]_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655284_128]-28">[22]</a></sup>. Gatunek typowy: Illiger wymienił dwa gatunki – <i>Lacma vicunna</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">Tiedemann, 1808</span> (= <i>Camellus vicugna</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">G.I. Molina, 1782</span>) i <i>Camelus llacma</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">Illiger, 1811</span> (= <i>Camelus glama</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">Linnaeus, 1758</span>) – z których typem nomenklatorycznym jest <i>Camelus llacma</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">Illiger, 1811</span> (= <i>Camelus glama</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">Linnaeus, 1758</span>).</li> <li><i>Guanaco</i>: hiszpańska nazwa <i>guanako</i> dla gwanako, od keczuańskiej nazwy <i>wanaku</i> dla gwanako<sup id="cite_ref-Perry_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Perry-9">[6]</a></sup>. Gatunek typowy (oznaczenie monotypowe): <i>Camelus guanicoe</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">P.L.S. Müller, 1776</span>.</li> <li><i>Vicunia</i>: hiszpańska nazwa <i>vicuña</i> dla wikunii, od keczuańskiej nazwy <i>wik’uña</i> dla wikunii<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655863_707]_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655863_707]-29">[23]</a></sup>.</li> <li><i>Dromedarius</i>: <a href="/wiki/%C5%81acina" title="Łacina">łac.</a> <em lang="la">dromas</em>, <i>dromadis</i> ‘dromader’, od gr. δρομας καμηλος <i>dromas kamēlos</i> ‘biegnący wielbłąd’, od δρομας <i>dromas</i> ‘biegnący’<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655401_245]_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655401_245]-30">[24]</a></sup>.</li> <li><i>Vicugna</i>: <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_hiszpa%C5%84ski" title="Język hiszpański">hiszpańska</a> nazwa <i>vicuña</i> dla wikunii, od <a href="/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_keczua" title="Język keczua">keczuańskiej</a> nazwy <i>wik’uña</i> dla wikunii<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655863_707]_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655863_707]-29">[23]</a></sup>. Gatunek typowy (oznaczenie monotypowe): <i>Camelus vicugna</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%"><a href="/wiki/Juan_Ignacio_Molina" title="Juan Ignacio Molina">Molina</a>, 1782</span>.</li> <li><i>Pacos</i>: peruwiańskie nazwy <i>paco</i>, <i>pacos</i> dla lam, zaadaptowane przez <a href="/wiki/Georges-Louis_Leclerc_de_Buffon" title="Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon">Buffona</a> w 1765 roku<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655652_496]_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655652_496]-31">[25]</a></sup>. Gatunek typowy (oznaczenie monotypowe): <i>Camelus pacos</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">Linnaeus, 1758</span>.</li> <li><i>Protorhea</i>: gr. πρωτος <i>prōtos</i> ‘pierwszy, przed’; rodzaj <i><a href="/wiki/Rhea_(ptaki)" title="Rhea (ptaki)">Rhea</a></i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%"><a href="/wiki/Mathurin_Jacques_Brisson" title="Mathurin Jacques Brisson">Brisson</a>, 1760</span> (<a href="/wiki/Ptaki" title="Ptaki">ptaki</a>); autorzy błędnie zidentyfikowali szczątki kostne (lewa kość udowa, kilka paliczków stopy i paliczek końcowy) jako należące do prymitywnego ptaka z rodziny <a href="/wiki/Nandu" title="Nandu">nandu</a> (Rheidae)<sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFPalmer1904[http://books.google.com/books?id=ApMeAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA585_585]_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFPalmer1904[http://books.google.com/books?id=ApMeAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA585_585]-32">[26]</a></sup>. Gatunek typowy (oznaczenie monotypowe): <i>Protorhea azarae</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">Moreno & Mercerat, 1891</span> (= <i>Camelus vicugna</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">Molina, 1782</span>).</li> <li><i>Neoauchenia</i>: gr. νεος <i>neos</i> ‘nowy’; rodzaj <i>Auchenia</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">Illiger, 1811</span><sup id="cite_ref-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655608_452]_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655608_452]-33">[27]</a></sup>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Podział_systematyczny"><span id="Podzia.C5.82_systematyczny"></span>Podział systematyczny</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj sekcję: Podział systematyczny" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&action=edit&section=5" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Podział systematyczny"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Niektóre ujęcia systematyczne umieszczają <i>L. vicugna</i> i <i>L. pacos</i> w odrębnym rodzaju <i>Vicugna</i><sup id="cite_ref-Franklin_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Franklin-25">[19]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Burgin&inni_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burgin&inni-24">[18]</a></sup>; tutaj klasyfikacja z współcześnie występującymi gatunkami <i>Mammals Diversity Database</i> i <i>All the Mammals of the World</i> (2023)<sup id="cite_ref-mdd_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mdd-34">[28]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-amw_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amw-35">[29]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-amw2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amw2-36">[30]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cichocki&inni_23-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cichocki&inni-23">[17]</a></sup>: </p> <ul><li><i>Lama guanicoe</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">(<a href="/wiki/Philipp_Ludwig_Statius_M%C3%BCller" title="Philipp Ludwig Statius Müller">P.L.S. Müller</a>, 1776)</span> – <a href="/wiki/Gwanako_andyjskie" title="Gwanako andyjskie">gwanako andyjskie</a></li> <li><i>Lama glama</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">(<a href="/wiki/Karol_Linneusz" title="Karol Linneusz">Linnaeus</a>, 1758)</span> – <a href="/wiki/Lama_andyjska" title="Lama andyjska">lama andyjska</a> – gatunek udomowiony</li> <li><i>Lama vicugna</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">(<a href="/wiki/Juan_Ignacio_Molina" title="Juan Ignacio Molina">G.I. Molina</a>, 1782)</span> – <a href="/wiki/Wikunia_andyjska" title="Wikunia andyjska">wikunia andyjska</a></li> <li><i>Lama pacos</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">(Linnaeus, 1758)</span> – <a href="/wiki/Alpaka_(zwierz%C4%99)" title="Alpaka (zwierzę)">alpaka</a><sup id="cite_ref-Kowalski&inni_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kowalski&inni-37">[31]</a></sup> – gatunek udomowiony</li></ul> <p>Opisano również wymarły gatunek żyjący w <a href="/wiki/Plejstocen" title="Plejstocen">plejstocenie</a> w Ameryce Południowej<sup id="cite_ref-ger_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ger-38">[32]</a></sup>: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama_castelnaudii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lama castelnaudii (strona nie istnieje)">Lama castelnaudii</a></i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">(<a href="/wiki/Paul_Gervais" title="Paul Gervais">P. Gervais</a>, 1855)</span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uwagi">Uwagi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj sekcję: Uwagi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&action=edit&section=6" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Uwagi"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="do-not-make-smaller refsection refsection-uwagi ll-script ll-script-uwagi"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nazwa odrzucona, publikacja Frischa <i>Das Natur-System der Vierfüßigen Thiere</i> została uznana za nieważną (poza kilkoma wyjątkami) na mocy uprawnień <a href="/wiki/Mi%C4%99dzynarodowa_Komisja_Nomenklatury_Zoologicznej" title="Międzynarodowa Komisja Nomenklatury Zoologicznej">ICZN</a> ze względu na niekonsekwentne stosowanie nazewnictwa binominalnego<sup id="cite_ref-ICZN_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ICZN-2">[2]</a></sup>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uwaga1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-uwaga1_5-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-uwaga1_5-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-uwaga1_5-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Niepoprawna późniejsza pisownia <i>Lama</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">G. Cuvier, 1800</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Młodszy <a href="/wiki/Homonimia_(taksonomia)" title="Homonimia (taksonomia)">homonim</a> <i>Auchenia</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%"><a href="/wiki/Carl_Peter_Thunberg" title="Carl Peter Thunberg">Thunberg</a>, 1789</span> (<a href="/wiki/Chrz%C4%85szcze" title="Chrząszcze">Coleoptera</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nowa nazwa dla <i>Lama</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">G. Cuvier, 1800</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uwaga2-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-uwaga2_14-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-uwaga2_14-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Niepoprawna późniejsza pisownia <i>Auchenia</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">Illiger, 1811</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auch-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-auch_16-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-auch_16-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Nowa nazwa dla <i>Auchenia</i> <span style="font-size:smaller; line-height:130%">Illiger, 1811</span>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Przypisy">Przypisy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Edytuj sekcję: Przypisy" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&action=edit&section=7" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Przypisy"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GCuvier-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GCuvier_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-GCuvier_1-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">G. Cuvier: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.pl/books?id=pTSDHkFdhYMC&hl=es&pg=PT4#v=onepage&q=Pteromys&f=false">Lecons d’anatomie comparée</a></i>. T. 1. Paris: Baudouin, 1800, s. tab. 1.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lecons+d%E2%80%99anatomie+compar%C3%A9e&rft.au=G.+Cuvier&rft.pub=Baudouin&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=tab.+1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.pl%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpTSDHkFdhYMC%26hl%3Des%26pg%3DPT4%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DPteromys%26f%3Dfalse"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku francuskim (français)">fr.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ICZN-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ICZN_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">F. Hemming. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34655044"><em>Opinion 258. Rejection for nomenclatorial Purposes of the work by Frisch (J. L.) published in 1775 under the title Das Natur-system der Vierfüssigen Thiere</em></a>. „Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature”. 5, s. 55–72, 1954. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Opinion+258.+Rejection+for+nomenclatorial+Purposes+of+the+work+by+Frisch+%28J.+L.%29+published+in+1775+under+the+title+Das+Natur-system+der+Vierf%C3%BCssigen+Thiere&rft.jtitle=Opinions+and+declarations+rendered+by+the+International+Commission+on+Zoological+Nomenclature&rft.date=1954&rft.volume=5&rft.au=F.+Hemming&rft.pages=55%E2%80%9372&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F34655044"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frisch-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Frisch_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">J.L. Frisch: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bildsuche.digitale-sammlungen.de/index.html?c=viewer&bandnummer=bsb00001196&pimage=12&v=100&nav=&l=de">Das Natur-System der Vierfüßigen Thiere</a></i>. Glogau: Christian Friedrich Günther, 1775, s. 4.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Das+Natur-System+der+Vierf%C3%BC%C3%9Figen+Thiere&rft.au=J.L.+Frisch&rft.pub=Christian+Friedrich+G%C3%BCnther&rft.place=Glogau&rft.pages=4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbildsuche.digitale-sammlungen.de%2Findex.html%3Fc%3Dviewer%26bandnummer%3Dbsb00001196%26pimage%3D12%26v%3D100%26nav%3D%26l%3Dde"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku niemieckim (Deutsch)">niem.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tiedemann-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Tiedemann_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">F. Tiedemann: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.pl/books?id=i6M-AAAAcAAJ&hl=pl&pg=PA420#v=onepage&q&f=false">Zoologie: zu seinen Vorlesungen entworfen. Allgemeine Zoologie, Mensch und Säugthiere</a></i>. Landshut: In der Weberichen Buchhandlung, 1808, s. 420.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zoologie%3A+zu+seinen+Vorlesungen+entworfen.+Allgemeine+Zoologie%2C+Mensch+und+S%C3%A4ugthiere&rft.au=F.+Tiedemann&rft.pub=In+der+Weberichen+Buchhandlung&rft.place=Landshut&rft.pages=420&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.pl%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Di6M-AAAAcAAJ%26hl%3Dpl%26pg%3DPA420%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku niemieckim (Deutsch)">niem.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Illiger1811-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Illiger1811_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">J.K.W. Illiger: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48453808">Prodromus systematis mammalium et avium: additis terminis zoographicis utriusque classis, eorumque versione germanica</a></i>. Berolini: Sumptibus C. Salfeld, 1811, s. 103.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prodromus+systematis+mammalium+et+avium%3A+additis+terminis+zoographicis+utriusque+classis%2C+eorumque+versione+germanica&rft.au=J.K.W.+Illiger&rft.pub=Sumptibus+C.+Salfeld&rft.place=Berolini&rft.pages=103&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F48453808"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku łacińskim (Latina)">łac.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Perry-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Perry_9-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Perry_9-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">G. Perry: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/arcanaormuseumof00perr">Arcana, or, The museum of natural history: containing the most recent discovered objects. Embellished with coloured plates, and corresponding descriptions. With extracts relating to animals, and remarks of celebrated travellers; combining a general survey of nature</a></i>. London: Printed by George Smeeton for James Stratford, 1811, s. ryc. 68.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arcana%2C+or%2C+The+museum+of+natural+history%3A+containing+the+most+recent+discovered+objects.+Embellished+with+coloured+plates%2C+and+corresponding+descriptions.+With+extracts+relating+to+animals%2C+and+remarks+of+celebrated+travellers%3B+combining+a+general+survey+of+nature&rft.au=G.+Perry&rft.pub=Printed+by+George+Smeeton+for+James+Stratford&rft.place=London&rft.pages=ryc.+68&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Farcanaormuseumof00perr"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fischer-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Fischer_10-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">J.G. Fischer von Waldheim: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29130438">Zoognosia tabulis synopticis illustrata, in usum praelectionum Academiae imperialis medico-chirugicae mosquensis edita</a></i>. Cz. 3. Mosquae: Nicolai S. Vsevolozsky, 1814, s. 353.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zoognosia+tabulis+synopticis+illustrata%2C+in+usum+praelectionum+Academiae+imperialis+medico-chirugicae+mosquensis+edita&rft.au=J.G.+Fischer+von+Waldheim&rft.pub=Nicolai+S.+Vsevolozsky&rft.place=Mosquae&rft.pages=353&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F29130438"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku łacińskim (Latina)">łac.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Illiger1815-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Illiger1815_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">J.K.W. Illiger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/11080904"><em>Ueberblick der Säugethiere nach ihrer Verbreitung über die Welth</em></a>. „Abhandlungen der physikalischen Klasse der Königlich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften”. 1804–1811, s. 48, 1815. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku niemieckim (Deutsch)">niem.</abbr>)</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ueberblick+der+S%C3%A4ugethiere+nach+ihrer+Verbreitung+%C3%BCber+die+Welth&rft.jtitle=Abhandlungen+der+physikalischen+Klasse+der+K%C3%B6niglich-Preussischen+Akademie+der+Wissenschaften&rft.date=1815&rft.volume=1804%E2%80%931811&rft.au=J.K.W.+Illiger&rft.pages=48&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F11080904"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rafinesque-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rafinesque_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">C.S. Rafinesque: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/48310133">Analyse de la nature, or, Tableau de l’univers et des corps organisés</a></i>. Palerme: Aux dépens de l’auteur, 1815, s. 55.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Analyse+de+la+nature%2C+or%2C+Tableau+de+l%E2%80%99univers+et+des+corps+organis%C3%A9s&rft.au=C.S.+Rafinesque&rft.pub=Aux+d%C3%A9pens+de+l%E2%80%99auteur&rft.place=Palerme&rft.pages=55&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F48310133"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku francuskim (français)">fr.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FCuvier-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FCuvier_15-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">F. Cuvier: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25317761">Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traite méthodiquement des différens êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d’après l’état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l’utilité qu’en peuvent retirer la médecine, l’agriculture, le commerce et les artes. Suivi d’une biographie des plus célèbres naturalistes</a></i>. T. 59. Paris & Strasbourg: F. G. Levrault & Le Normant, 1829, s. 512.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionnaire+des+sciences+naturelles%2C+dans+lequel+on+traite+m%C3%A9thodiquement+des+diff%C3%A9rens+%C3%AAtres+de+la+nature%2C+consid%C3%A9r%C3%A9s+soit+en+eux-m%C3%AAmes%2C+d%E2%80%99apr%C3%A8s+l%E2%80%99%C3%A9tat+actuel+de+nos+connoissances%2C+soit+relativement+%C3%A0+l%E2%80%99utilit%C3%A9+qu%E2%80%99en+peuvent+retirer+la+m%C3%A9decine%2C+l%E2%80%99agriculture%2C+le+commerce+et+les+artes.+Suivi+d%E2%80%99une+biographie+des+plus+c%C3%A9l%C3%A8bres+naturalistes&rft.au=F.+Cuvier&rft.pub=F.+G.+Levrault+%26+Le+Normant&rft.place=Paris+%26+Strasbourg&rft.pages=512&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F25317761"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku francuskim (français)">fr.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wagler-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wagler_17-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">J.G. Wagler: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/38965729">Natürliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification der Säugethiere und Vögel. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie</a></i>. München, Stuttgart und Tübingen: In der J.G. Cotta’scchen Buchhandlung, 1830, s. 31.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nat%C3%BCrliches+System+der+Amphibien%2C+mit+vorangehender+Classification+der+S%C3%A4ugethiere+und+V%C3%B6gel.+Ein+Beitrag+zur+vergleichenden+Zoologie&rft.au=J.G.+Wagler&rft.pub=In+der+J.G.+Cotta%E2%80%99scchen+Buchhandlung&rft.place=M%C3%BCnchen%2C+Stuttgart+und+T%C3%BCbingen&rft.pages=31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F38965729"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku niemieckim (Deutsch)">niem.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lesson-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Lesson_18-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">R.-P. Lesson: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=99CbS9Ox7q8C&pg=PA167">Nouveau tableau du règne animal: mammifères</a></i>. Paris: A. Bertrand, 1842, s. 167.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nouveau+tableau+du+r%C3%A8gne+animal%3A+mammif%C3%A8res&rft.au=R.-P.+Lesson&rft.pub=A.+Bertrand&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=167&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D99CbS9Ox7q8C%26pg%3DPA167"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku francuskim (français)">fr.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wagner-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wagner_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">J.A. Wagner. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13703380"><em>Bericht über die neuesten Leistungen von Lund, bezüglich der gegenwärtigen wie der ausgestorbenen Säugthier-Fauna Brasiliens.</em></a>. „Archiv für Naturgeschichte”. 9 (1), s. 349, 1843. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku niemieckim (Deutsch)">niem.</abbr>)</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bericht+%C3%BCber+die+neuesten+Leistungen+von+Lund%2C+bez%C3%BCglich+der+gegenw%C3%A4rtigen+wie+der+ausgestorbenen+S%C3%A4ugthier-Fauna+Brasiliens.&rft.jtitle=Archiv+f%C3%BCr+Naturgeschichte&rft.date=1843&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.au=J.A.+Wagner&rft.pages=349&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F13703380"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gray-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Gray_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">J.E. Gray: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8707868">Catalogue of ruminant Mammalia (Pecora, Linnaeus) in the British Museum</a></i>. London: British Museum, 1872, s. 101.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Catalogue+of+ruminant+Mammalia+%28Pecora%2C+Linnaeus%29+in+the+British+Museum&rft.au=J.E.+Gray&rft.pub=British+Museum&rft.place=London&rft.pages=101&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F8707868"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mor&mer-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-mor&mer_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">F.P. Moreno & A. Mercerat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/55908677"><em>Catálogo de los pájaros fósiles de la República Argentina conservados en el Museo de la Plata / Catalogue des oiseaux fossiles de la Repeblique Árgentine conservés au Musée de la Plata</em></a>. „Anales del Museo de La Plata”. Paleontología argentina. 1, s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/55908653">27</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/55908611">69</a>, 1891. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku hiszpańskim (español)">hiszp.</abbr> • <abbr title="Treść w języku francuskim (français)">fr.</abbr>)</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Cat%C3%A1logo+de+los+p%C3%A1jaros+f%C3%B3siles+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica+Argentina+conservados+en+el+Museo+de+la+Plata+%2F+Catalogue+des+oiseaux+fossiles+de+la+Repeblique+%C3%81rgentine+conserv%C3%A9s+au+Mus%C3%A9e+de+la+Plata&rft.jtitle=Anales+del+Museo+de+La+Plata&rft.date=1891&rft.volume=1&rft.au=F.P.+Moreno+%26+A.+Mercerat&rft.pages=%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F55908653+27%5D%2C+%5Bhttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F55908611+69%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F55908677"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ameghino-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ameghino_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">F. Ameghino. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/26339892"><em>Mamíferos y aves fósiles argentinas. – Especies nuevas, adiciones y correcciones</em></a>. „Revista Argentina de Historia Natural”. 1, s. 242, 1891. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mam%C3%ADferos+y+aves+f%C3%B3siles+argentinas.+%E2%80%93+Especies+nuevas%2C+adiciones+y+correcciones&rft.jtitle=Revista+Argentina+de+Historia+Natural&rft.date=1891&rft.volume=1&rft.au=F.+Ameghino&rft.pages=242&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fpage%2F26339892"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cichocki&inni-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cichocki&inni_23-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cichocki&inni_23-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Cichocki&inni_23-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Nazwy zwyczajowe za: <cite class="citation book">W. Cichocki, A. Ważna, J. Cichocki, E. Rajska-Jurgiel, A. Jasiński & W. Bogdanowicz: <i>Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata</i>. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, 2015, s. 169. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9788388147159" title="Specjalna:Książki/9788388147159">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-83-88147-15-9</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Polskie+nazewnictwo+ssak%C3%B3w+%C5%9Bwiata&rft.au=W.+Cichocki%2C+A.+Wa%C5%BCna%2C+J.+Cichocki%2C+E.+Rajska-Jurgiel%2C+A.+Jasi%C5%84ski+%26+W.+Bogdanowicz&rft.pub=Muzeum+i+Instytut+Zoologii+PAN&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=169&rft.isbn=978-83-88147-15-9"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku polskim">pol.</abbr> • <abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burgin&inni-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Burgin&inni_24-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Burgin&inni_24-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">C.J. Burgin, D.E. Wilson, R.A. Mittermeier, A.B. Rylands, T.E. Lacher & W. Sechrest: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lynxeds.com/product/illustrated-checklist-of-the-mammals-of-the-world/">Illustrated Checklist of the Mammals of the World</a></i>. Cz. 2: Eulipotyphla to Carnivora. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 2020, s. 384. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9788416728350" title="Specjalna:Książki/9788416728350">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-84-16728-35-0</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illustrated+Checklist+of+the+Mammals+of+the+World&rft.au=C.J.+Burgin%2C+D.E.+Wilson%2C+R.A.+Mittermeier%2C+A.B.+Rylands%2C+T.E.+Lacher+%26+W.+Sechrest&rft.pub=Lynx+Edicions&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.pages=384&rft.isbn=978-84-16728-35-0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lynxeds.com%2Fproduct%2Fillustrated-checklist-of-the-mammals-of-the-world%2F"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Franklin-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Franklin_25-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Franklin_25-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Franklin_25-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">W. Franklin: Family Camelidae (Camels). W: D.E. Wilson & R.A. Mittermeier (redaktorzy): <i><a href="/wiki/Handbook_of_the_Mammals_of_the_World" title="Handbook of the Mammals of the World">Handbook of the Mammals of the World</a></i>. Cz. 2: Hoofed Mammals. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 2011, s. 235–243. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9788496553774" title="Specjalna:Książki/9788496553774">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-84-96553-77-4</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%5B%5BHandbook+of+the+Mammals+of+the+World%5D%5D&rft.atitle=Family+Camelidae+%28Camels%29&rft.au=W.+Franklin&rft.pub=Lynx+Edicions&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.pages=235%E2%80%93243&rft.isbn=978-84-96553-77-4"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson&Reeder-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wilson&Reeder_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">D.E. Wilson & D.M. Reeder (redaktorzy): <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/biology/resources/msw3/browse.asp?id=14200116">Genus <i>Lama</i></a>. [w:] <i>Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (Wyd. 3)</i> [on-line]. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. [dostęp 2021-05-02]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655519_363]-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655519_363]_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFPalmer1904">Palmer 1904 ↓</a></span>, s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655519">363</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655284_128]-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655284_128]_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFPalmer1904">Palmer 1904 ↓</a></span>, s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655284">128</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655863_707]-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655863_707]_29-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655863_707]_29-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFPalmer1904">Palmer 1904 ↓</a></span>, s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655863">707</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655401_245]-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655401_245]_30-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFPalmer1904">Palmer 1904 ↓</a></span>, s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655401">245</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655652_496]-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655652_496]_31-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFPalmer1904">Palmer 1904 ↓</a></span>, s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655652">496</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFPalmer1904[http://books.google.com/books?id=ApMeAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA585_585]-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFPalmer1904[http://books.google.com/books?id=ApMeAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA585_585]_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFPalmer1904">Palmer 1904 ↓</a></span>, s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=ApMeAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA585">585</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655608_452]-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CITEREFPalmer1904[https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655608_452]_33-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <span class="harvard-citation"><a href="#CITEREFPalmer1904">Palmer 1904 ↓</a></span>, s. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45655608">452</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mdd-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-mdd_34-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">N. Upham, C. Burgin, J. Widness, M. Becker, C. Parker, S. Liphardt, I. Rochon & D. Huckaby: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mammaldiversity.org/tree.html">Treeview of Mammalian Taxonomy Hierarchy</a>. [w:] <i>ASM Mammal Diversity Database (Version 1.11)</i> [on-line]. American Society of Mammalogists. [dostęp 2023-12-07]. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-amw-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-amw_35-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Class Mammalia. W: Lynx Nature Books: <i>All the Mammals of the World</i>. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 2023, s. 634. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9788416728664" title="Specjalna:Książki/9788416728664">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-84-16728-66-4</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+the+Mammals+of+the+World&rft.atitle=Class+Mammalia&rft.au=Lynx+Nature+Books&rft.pub=Lynx+Edicions&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.pages=634&rft.isbn=978-84-16728-66-4"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-amw2-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-amw2_36-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Appendix 2: Domestic species. W: Lynx Nature Books: <i>All the Mammals of the World</i>. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 2023, s. 712. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/9788416728664" title="Specjalna:Książki/9788416728664">ISBN <span class="isbn">978-84-16728-66-4</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=All+the+Mammals+of+the+World&rft.atitle=Appendix+2%3A+Domestic+species&rft.au=Lynx+Nature+Books&rft.pub=Lynx+Edicions&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.pages=712&rft.isbn=978-84-16728-66-4"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kowalski&inni-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kowalski&inni_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">K. Kowalski (red.), A. Krzanowski, H. Kubiak, B. Rzebik-Kowalska & L. Sych: <i>Ssaki</i>. Wyd. IV. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna, 1991, s. 13, seria: Mały słownik zoologiczny. <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCki/8321406378" title="Specjalna:Książki/8321406378">ISBN <span class="isbn">83-214-0637-8</span></a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ssaki&rft.au=K.+Kowalski+%28red.%29%2C+A.+Krzanowski%2C+H.+Kubiak%2C+B.+Rzebik-Kowalska+%26+L.+Sych&rft.edition=IV&rft.pub=Wiedza+Powszechna&rft.place=Warszawa&rft.pages=13&rft.series=Ma%C5%82y+s%C5%82ownik+zoologiczny&rft.isbn=83-214-0637-8"></span></cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ger-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ger_38-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">P. Gervais: <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=of38wgEACAAJ&pg=PA41">Recherches sur les mammifères fossiles de l’Amérique méridionale</a></i>. Paris: P. Bertrand, 1855, s. 41.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recherches+sur+les+mammif%C3%A8res+fossiles+de+l%E2%80%99Am%C3%A9rique+m%C3%A9ridionale&rft.au=P.+Gervais&rft.pub=P.+Bertrand&rft.place=Paris&rft.pages=41&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dof38wgEACAAJ%26pg%3DPA41"></span> <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku francuskim (français)">fr.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lama&action=edit&section=8" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation journal" id="CITEREFPalmer1904"><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sherman_Palmer" title="Theodore Sherman Palmer">T.S. Palmer</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/88553#page/9/mode/1up"><em>Index Generum Mammalium: a List of the Genera and Families of Mammals</em></a>. „North American Fauna”. 23, s. 1–984, 1904. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku angielskim (English)">ang.</abbr>)</span>.</cite><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Index+Generum+Mammalium%3A+a+List+of+the+Genera+and+Families+of+Mammals&rft.jtitle=North+American+Fauna&rft.date=1904&rft.volume=23&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=T.S.&rft.pages=1%E2%80%93984&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fitem%2F88553%23page%2F9%2Fmode%2F1up"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r74016753">.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div+div{margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten>div>div{background:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);padding:.2em .5em}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output #normdaten ul li:first-child{padding-left:.5em;border-left:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}</style> <div id="normdaten" class="catlinks"><div class="normdaten-typ-fehlt"><div><a href="/wiki/Kontrola_autorytatywna" title="Kontrola autorytatywna">Kontrola autorytatywna</a> (<span class="description"><a href="/wiki/Takson" title="Takson">takson</a></span>):</div><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lccn.loc.gov/sh85074161">sh85074161</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://d-nb.info/gnd/7729916-4">7729916-4</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale" title="Bibliothèque nationale">BnF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12326156q">12326156q</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Centralna_Biblioteka_Narodowa_we_Florencji" title="Centralna Biblioteka Narodowa we Florencji">BNCF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=49878">49878</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Republiki_Czeskiej" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Republiki Czeskiej">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aut.nkp.cz/ph355393">ph355393</a></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Biblioteka_Narodowa_Izraela" title="Biblioteka Narodowa Izraela">J9U</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007553115105171">987007553115105171</a></span></li></ul></div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div><a href="/wiki/Encyklopedia_internetowa" title="Encyklopedia internetowa">Encyklopedie internetowe</a>:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wielka_Encyklopedia_Rosyjska" title="Wielka Encyklopedia Rosyjska">БРЭ</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/2642368">2642368</a></span></li></ul> </div><div class="normdaten-andere"><div>Identyfikatory zewnętrzne:</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/38900">38900</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P846" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P846">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2441239">2441239</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P3151" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P3151">identyfikator iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/42237">42237</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=624943">624943</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P685" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P685">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=9839">9839</a></span></li> <li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Property:P842" class="extiw" title="d:Property:P842">identyfikator taksonu Fossilworks</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=42530">42530</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/63843">63843</a></span></li></ul> </div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lama&oldid=74394284">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lama&oldid=74394284</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Kategorie" title="Specjalna:Kategorie">Kategoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategoria:Wielb%C5%82%C4%85dowate" title="Kategoria:Wielbłądowate">Wielbłądowate</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Tę stronę ostatnio edytowano 24 lip 2024, 15:15.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Tekst udostępniany na licencji <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pl">Creative Commons: uznanie autorstwa, na tych samych warunkach</a>, z możliwością obowiązywania dodatkowych ograniczeń. Zobacz szczegółowe informacje o <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Terms_of_Use/pl">warunkach korzystania</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Polityka prywatności</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:O_Wikipedii">O Wikipedii</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Korzystasz_z_Wikipedii_tylko_na_w%C5%82asn%C4%85_odpowiedzialno%C5%9B%C4%87">Korzystasz z Wikipedii tylko na własną odpowiedzialność</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Powszechne Zasady Postępowania</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Dla deweloperów</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/pl.wikipedia.org">Statystyki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Oświadczenie o ciasteczkach</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//pl.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lama&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Wersja mobilna</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-lsb4r","wgBackendResponseTime":177,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.603","walltime":"0.765","ppvisitednodes":{"value":17053,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":116485,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":50838,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":44288,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":9,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 687.753 1 -total"," 26.57% 182.758 18 Szablon:Cytuj_książkę"," 22.65% 155.762 1 Szablon:Zwierzę_infobox"," 21.55% 148.204 1 Szablon:Kontrola_autorytatywna"," 7.30% 50.235 6 Szablon:Cytuj_pismo"," 5.50% 37.813 1 Szablon:Infobox_tytuł"," 5.23% 35.976 8 Szablon:Odn"," 5.20% 35.729 38 Szablon:Small"," 3.73% 25.672 2 Szablon:Cytuj_stronę"," 3.53% 24.308 27 Szablon:Lang"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.251","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3080362,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"WRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nWRAP: lead = \"span\"\nWRAP: tail = \"span\"\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\nKA P3151: Brak elementu 'dedykowany typ dla' (P1629) w opisie cechy\nKA P842: Brak elementu 'dedykowany typ dla' (P1629) w opisie cechy\nrequired = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-6dd864dd59-frgxk","timestamp":"20241108085910","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Lama","url":"https:\/\/pl.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lama","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q753853","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q753853","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wsp\u00f3\u0142tw\u00f3rcy projekt\u00f3w Fundacji Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2016-04-21T07:23:27Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/90\/Arg20080406.20.jpg","headline":"rodzaj ssaka z rodziny wielb\u0142\u0105dowatych"}</script> </body> </html>