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mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">外观</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans" class=""><span>资助维基百科</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E8%8B%8F%E6%96%AF" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的" class=""><span>创建账号</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E8%8B%8F%E6%96%AF" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>登录</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="更多选项" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="个人工具" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">个人工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E8%8B%8F%E6%96%AF" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E8%8B%8F%E6%96%AF" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-生平" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#生平"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>生平</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-生平-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-軼事" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#軼事"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>軼事</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-軼事-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-成就" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#成就"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>成就</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-成就-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-著作" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#著作"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>著作</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-著作-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-大眾文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#大眾文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>大眾文化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-大眾文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">帕拉塞尔苏斯</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。77种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 瑞士德语" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="瑞士德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3" title="باراسيلسوس – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="باراسيلسوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3" title="پاراسيلسوس – 摩洛哥阿拉伯文" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="پاراسيلسوس" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="摩洛哥阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3" title="براكلسوس – 埃及阿拉伯文" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="براكلسوس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="埃及阿拉伯文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelso" title="Paracelso – 阿斯图里亚斯语" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Paracelso" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="阿斯图里亚斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasels" title="Parasels – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Parasels" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81" title="Парацэльс – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Парацэльс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81" title="Парацэльс – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Парацэльс" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B7" title="Парацелз – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Парацелз" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 布列塔尼语" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="布列塔尼语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracels" title="Paracels – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Paracels" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81" title="Парацельс – 楚瓦什语" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Парацельс" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="楚瓦什语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 威尔士语" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="威尔士语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 丹麦语" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="丹麦语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasels" title="Parasels – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Parasels" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%BB%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Παράκελσος – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Παράκελσος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelso" title="Paracelso – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Paracelso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelso" title="Paracelso – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Paracelso" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parazeltso" title="Parazeltso – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Parazeltso" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B3" title="پاراسلسوس – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پاراسلسوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="推荐条目"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelse" title="Paracelse – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Paracelse" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 爱尔兰语" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="爱尔兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 苏格兰盖尔语" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="苏格兰盖尔语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelso" title="Paracelso – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Paracelso" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A6%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A1" title="פאראצלסוס – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פאראצלסוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B8" title="पैरासेल्सस – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पैरासेल्सस" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 匈牙利语" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="匈牙利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%A5%D5%AC%D5%BD" title="Պարացելս – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պարացելս" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelso" title="Paracelso – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Paracelso" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B9" title="パラケルスス – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パラケルスス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98" title="პარაცელსუსი – 格鲁吉亚语" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პარაცელსუსი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="格鲁吉亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81" title="Парацельс – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Парацельс" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%8C%EB%9D%BC%EC%BC%88%EC%88%98%EC%8A%A4" title="파라켈수스 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="파라켈수스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 拉丁语" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="拉丁语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsas" title="Paracelsas – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paracelsas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelzs" title="Paracelzs – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Paracelzs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81" title="Парацельс – 莫克沙语" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Парацельс" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="莫克沙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelse" title="Paracelse – 马拉加斯语" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Paracelse" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="马拉加斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%81" title="Парацелзус – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Парацелзус" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 马来语" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="马来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelse" title="Paracelse – 奥克语" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Paracelse" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="奥克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B3" title="پاراسيلسس – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پاراسيلسس" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelso" title="Paracelso – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Paracelso" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81" title="Парацельс – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парацельс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D" title="पारासेल्सस् – 梵语" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पारासेल्सस्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="梵语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsu" title="Paracelsu – 西西里语" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Paracelsu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="西西里语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 苏格兰语" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="苏格兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%81" title="Парацелзус – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Парацелзус" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%AA" title="แพราเซลซัส – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แพราเซลซัส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 他加禄语" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="他加禄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81" title="Теофраст Парацельс – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Теофраст Парацельс" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasels" title="Parasels – 乌兹别克语" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Parasels" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="乌兹别克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus – 瓦瑞语" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Paracelsus" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="瓦瑞语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox td div.NavHead:not(.notheme)[style]{background:transparent!important}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><span class="fn">帕拉塞爾蘇斯<br />Philippus von Hohenheim</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Paracelsus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Paracelsus.jpg/220px-Paracelsus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Paracelsus.jpg/330px-Paracelsus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Paracelsus.jpg/440px-Paracelsus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2802" data-file-height="3737" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">帕拉塞爾蘇斯的畫像，Quentin Matsys繪</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">出生</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1493-11-11</span>)</span>1493年11月11日或<span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1493-12-17</span>)</span>1493年12月17日<br /><span class="birthplace"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Early_Swiss_cross.svg/20px-Early_Swiss_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Early_Swiss_cross.svg/30px-Early_Swiss_cross.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Early_Swiss_cross.svg/40px-Early_Swiss_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="320" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%8A%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB%E9%82%A6%E8%81%AF" title="舊瑞士邦聯">舊瑞士邦聯</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E7%B6%AD%E8%8C%A8%E5%B7%9E" title="施維茨州">施維茨州</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%9B%A0%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%B7%E5%80%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="艾因西德倫">艾因西德倫</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">逝世</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1541年9月24日<span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1541歲—09—24</span>)</span>（47歲）<br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E7%88%BE%E8%8C%A8%E5%A0%A1%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%AC%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="薩爾茨堡大公國">薩爾茨堡大公國</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E7%88%BE%E8%8C%A8%E5%A0%A1" class="mw-redirect" title="薩爾茨堡">薩爾茨堡</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">死因</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">不明</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">国籍</th><td class="infobox-data category" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%B7%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="德國">德國</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">别名</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="">Theophrastus von Hohenheim <br /> Phillipus Areolus; Bombastus</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">教育程度</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="巴塞尔大学">巴塞爾大學</a> <br /> <span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="費拉拉大學" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="University of Ferrara"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E6%8B%89%E6%8B%89%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="费拉拉大学">費拉拉大學</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Ferrara" class="extiw" title="en:University of Ferrara"><span lang="en" dir="auto">University of Ferrara</span></a></span>）</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;">职业</th><td class="infobox-data role" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%89%E9%87%91%E8%A1%93%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="煉金術師">煉金術師</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E7%A7%91%E9%86%AB%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="內科醫生">內科醫生</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E6%98%9F%E5%B8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="占星师">占星師</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%B8%E5%AE%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="科學家">科學家</a><br />神秘學者</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>帕拉塞爾蘇斯</b>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>：<span lang="la"><b>Paracelsus</b></span>，或譯<b>帕拉塞爾斯</b>，1493年—1541年9月24日），出生時名為<b>德奧弗拉斯特·馮·霍恩海姆</b>，全名<b>菲利普斯·奧里歐勒斯·德奧弗拉斯特·博姆巴斯茨·馮·霍恩海姆</b>，是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80" class="mw-redirect" title="中世紀">中世紀</a><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="德意志文藝復興" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="German Renaissance"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%BE%B7%E6%84%8F%E5%BF%97%E6%96%87%E8%97%9D%E5%BE%A9%E8%88%88&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="德意志文藝復興（页面不存在）">德意志文藝復興</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Renaissance" class="extiw" title="en:German Renaissance"><span lang="en" dir="auto">German Renaissance</span></a></span>）</span></span>時的<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E7%94%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="醫生">醫生</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%8D%8A%E9%87%91%E8%A1%93%E5%A3%AB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="鍊金術士">煉金術士</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A0%E6%98%9F%E5%B8%88" class="mw-redirect" title="占星师">占星師</a>。帕拉塞爾蘇斯是<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E9%BB%8E%E4%B8%96" class="mw-redirect" title="蘇黎世">蘇黎世</a>一個名叫威廉·馮·霍恩海姆（德語：<span lang="de">Wilhelm von Hohenheim</span>）醫生的兒子。因為他自認為比<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="羅馬">羅馬</a>醫生<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%AF%E5%B0%94%E8%8B%8F%E6%96%AF" title="凯尔苏斯">凱爾蘇斯</a>更加偉大，從而稱呼自己為<b>帕拉塞爾蘇斯</b>（字面意「超．凱爾蘇斯」）。帕拉反對自<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%8C%E8%87%98%E5%8C%96%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="希臘化時代">希臘</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%8B%E5%80%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="蓋倫">蓋倫</a>所傳承、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF%E5%A4%9A%E5%BE%B7%E5%AD%B8%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="亞里斯多德學派">亞里斯多德學派</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E4%BD%93%E6%B6%B2%E8%AF%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="四体液说">四體液說</a>，將醫學跟鍊金術結合而首創化學藥理，奠定醫療化學的基礎<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="生平"><span id=".E7.94.9F.E5.B9.B3"></span>生平</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E8%8B%8F%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：生平"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>帕拉生於瑞士<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BD%E7%B6%AD%E8%8C%A8%E5%B7%9E" title="施維茨州">施維茨州</a>的小鎮<a href="/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E6%81%A9%E8%A5%BF%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%94%E6%81%A9" title="艾恩西德尔恩">艾恩西德尔恩</a>，從小就跟父親學習<a href="/wiki/%E9%8D%8A%E9%87%91%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="鍊金術">鍊金術</a>，大學畢業後在歐洲各處行走，同時蒐集民間各地的鍊金秘密<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>西元1514年左右，他在南部日耳曼財政家兼煉金士<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E5%9F%BA%E6%96%AF%E8%92%99%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%AF%8C%E6%A0%BC%E7%88%BE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西基斯蒙德·富格爾（页面不存在）">西基斯蒙德·富格爾</a>的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A4%A6%E5%9C%B0&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="礦地（页面不存在）">礦地</a>和<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%86%B6%E9%87%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%A0%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="冶金工場（页面不存在）">冶金工場</a>工作。然後在<a href="/wiki/%E7%91%9E%E5%A3%AB" title="瑞士">瑞士</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="巴塞尔大学">巴塞爾大學</a>學醫，在那里後來又教了兩年書。他打破了學者們用<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E4%B8%81%E8%AA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="拉丁語">拉丁語</a>講授的傳統而用<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E8%80%B3%E6%9B%BC%E6%96%B9%E8%A8%80" class="mw-redirect" title="日耳曼方言">日耳曼方言</a>，是第一個在<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8" title="大學">大學</a>裏這樣講課的人。他邀請了巴塞爾的<a href="/wiki/%E8%97%A5%E5%8A%91%E5%B8%AB" title="藥劑師">藥劑師</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%90%86%E5%8F%91%E5%B8%88" title="理发师">理髮師</a>兼<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E9%86%AB%E5%B8%AB" title="外科醫師">外科醫師</a>的人來聽他講課，使醫學職業的工匠們與學者們聯合起來。他還用焚燒為一般人們所公認的醫學權威<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%96%E4%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="盖仑">蓋崙</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E7%B6%AD%E6%A3%AE%E7%B4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="阿維森納">阿維森納</a>的書作為他開講的儀式。 </p><p>傳說中，帕拉塞爾斯一方面作為醫生，為了創造完美的生命而後又轉為了<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%89%E9%87%91%E8%A1%93%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="煉金術師">煉金術師</a>。他製造出了<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E9%80%A0%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-disambig" title="人造人">人造人</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%BD%95%E8%92%99%E5%BA%93%E9%B2%81%E5%85%B9" title="何蒙库鲁兹">何蒙庫魯茲</a>，並且擁有<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%A2%E8%80%85%E4%B9%8B%E7%9F%B3" title="賢者之石">賢者之石</a>。 </p><p>也有傳聞表明，<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E7%BE%85%E7%89%8C" title="塔羅牌">塔羅牌</a>中<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%98%BF%E7%88%BE%E5%85%8B%E9%82%A3" title="大阿爾克那">大阿爾克那</a>中的<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%94%E8%A1%93%E5%B8%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="魔術師">魔術師</a>即是以他為原型設計的。但是由於<a href="/wiki/%E5%A1%94%E7%BE%85%E7%89%8C" title="塔羅牌">塔羅牌</a>早在他誕生之前就已經存在，因此這種說法被認為是後世因為對他存在的神秘感而與塔羅牌聯繫在一起。 </p><p>帕拉塞爾蘇斯確立了物質的三元素理論，他認為人類同樣也是由<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%88%E9%AD%82" class="mw-redirect" title="靈魂">靈魂</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E7%A3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="硫磺">硫磺</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E" title="精神">精神</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%8A%80" class="mw-redirect" title="水銀">水銀</a>）、<a href="/wiki/%E8%82%89%E9%AB%94" class="mw-redirect" title="肉體">肉體</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%90_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="盐 (化学)">鹽</a>）三元素構成。（第一原質→<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="四大元素">四大元素</a>→三原素→萬物物質） </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="軼事"><span id=".E8.BB.BC.E4.BA.8B"></span>軼事</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E8%8B%8F%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：軼事"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>帕拉塞爾斯並不相信學院派的教育，曾經說過「學院就是一個專門製造驢子的地方」<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其曾認為萬能溶劑（Alkahest）和<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%A2%E8%80%85%E4%B9%8B%E7%9F%B3" title="賢者之石">賢者之石</a>為相似的物質。萬能溶劑正如其名，能夠融化、還原任何物質成第一元質。不過就算真有此物的存在，也沒有容器能不被它融化，也就是說萬能溶劑根本無從保存，是以帕拉塞爾蘇斯此說並不甚受其它煉金術師支持。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="成就"><span id=".E6.88.90.E5.B0.B1"></span>成就</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E8%8B%8F%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：成就"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hirschvogel_Paracelsus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hirschvogel_Paracelsus.jpg/220px-Hirschvogel_Paracelsus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hirschvogel_Paracelsus.jpg/330px-Hirschvogel_Paracelsus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Hirschvogel_Paracelsus.jpg/440px-Hirschvogel_Paracelsus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="1273" /></a><figcaption>帕拉塞爾蘇斯的另一畫像，Augustin Hirschvogel繪</figcaption></figure> <p>帕拉塞爾斯把<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="醫學">醫學</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%89%E9%87%91%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="煉金術">煉金術</a>結合起來成為今日的醫療化學。他給<a href="/wiki/%E7%85%89%E9%87%91%E8%A1%93" class="mw-redirect" title="煉金術">煉金術</a>下的結論是：煉金術的真正目的並非練成黃金，而是要製造有益人體健康的醫藥品。而這包括了所有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a>工藝和<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="生物化學">生物化學</a>工藝的定義。冶煉工把<a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%A6%E7%89%A9" title="礦物">礦物</a>變為<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%B1%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="金屬">金屬</a>是一個煉金士，所以<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%9A%E5%B8%AB" title="廚師">廚師</a>和烘<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%B5%E5%8C%85" title="麵包">麵包</a>的人從肉類和<a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%A5%E5%AD%90" class="mw-redirect" title="麥子">麥子</a>裡製造出食物來也是煉金士。他採取了煉金士的基本觀點，即礦物在地下生長並發展成為更完善的形式，而人在<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%A6%E9%A9%97%E5%AE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="實驗室">實驗室</a>裡卻能夠人工地模仿地下天然發生的東西。他主張一切物質都是活的並且自然地生長，而人能為實現自己的目的而加速或改造這種天然過程。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="醫學">醫學</a>上，帕拉塞爾斯提出人體本質上是一個<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%B8" title="化學">化學</a>系統的學說。這個化學系統由煉金術士的兩種元素即<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9E" title="汞">汞</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB" title="硫">硫</a>同他自己所增加的第三種元素<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%90_(%E5%8C%96%E5%AD%A6)" title="盐 (化学)">鹽</a>所組成。在帕拉塞爾斯看來，疾病可能是由於<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E7%B4%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="元素">元素</a>之間的不平衡引起，正像<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%96%E4%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="盖仑">蓋崙</a>派醫生們認為疾病是由於<a href="/wiki/%E9%AB%94%E6%B6%B2" title="體液">體液</a>之間的失調所引起的一樣，意即任何東西的過量或者不足都有可能造成疾病，帕拉賽爾蘇斯亦被稱為毒理學之父。但帕拉塞爾蘇斯的學說指出平衡的恢復可以用礦物的藥物而不用有機藥物。 </p><p>帕拉塞爾斯認為疾病的行為具有高度的特殊性，而且每一種疾病都有一種特效的化學治療法。因此帕拉塞爾斯反對舊時的含有許多成分的萬靈藥而主張服用單一的物質作為藥劑。這樣一個轉變促進了對於專科疾病的研究，並有助於把有益和有害的藥物加以區別。 </p><p>在十六、七世紀期間，帕拉塞爾斯的學說有很大的影響，並逐漸和蓋崙的學說相匹敵。帕拉塞爾斯的學說在大學裡一般是禁止傳授的，但是他的學說在大學裡卻似乎很受歡迎，因為在16世紀後期，在<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E9%BB%8E" title="巴黎">巴黎</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%BE%B7%E5%A0%A1" title="海德堡">海德堡</a>發生了抗議禁止帕拉塞爾斯學說的學生運動。但是，醫療化學對藥劑師比大學的醫生更有吸引力，因為它給藥劑師的技術提供了一種理論，並使他們可以根據這種理論按自己的考慮去進行醫療實踐。 </p><p>帕拉塞爾斯認為煉金術的真正目的並非鍊成黃金，而是要開發使人類獲得健康的治療藥物。之前已經有人試圖將煉金術運用於治療疾病，帕拉塞爾斯則為此理想構思了一套可行的理論，其理論之中心思想就是大宇宙與小宇宙兩者完全相互對應，而一切存在皆有生命。其實大宇宙思想從很久以前就已經存在，不過他又更進一步地大膽改變了此理論。認為，大宇宙與小宇宙任何一方發生的事情，會原原本本地發生在另一方，而人類的生命與宇宙的生命兩者亦是完全相同的存在，所以他認為疾病除了毒因、自然因、精神因、神因以外還有種名為天體因的病因，並且主張天體會對人體健康造成影響，而人類恢復健康也意味著天界回復至調和的狀態。 </p><p>帕拉塞爾斯確立了三原素理論。傳統煉金術就認為礦物是由<a href="/wiki/%E7%A1%AB%E7%A3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="硫磺">硫磺</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E9%8A%80" class="mw-redirect" title="水銀">水銀</a>組成，但帕拉塞爾斯又在此二者之外添加鹽原素，並且擴大解釋三原素，將此理論應用於非金屬甚至動植物。至於人類三原素則是以靈魂（硫磺）、肉體（鹽）、精神（水銀）的形體呈現，倘若三者失衡就會生病，因此煉金術才能開發秘藥「阿爾克那」（Arcana）不但能讓人得到健康，還具有使小宇宙與大宇宙天界同時回復調和的力量。 </p><p>帕拉塞爾斯是大幅改變煉金術之意涵的煉金術革命家。煉金術從阿拉伯傳入歐洲時，只不過是種煉成金屬的技術，但最後卻變成堪使人類甚至世界趨向完成的技術。而在煉金術演變的過程中，還孕育出<a href="/wiki/%E8%94%B7%E8%96%87%E5%8D%81%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%A2" class="mw-redirect" title="蔷薇十字团">薔薇十字團</a>這種組織。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="著作"><span id=".E8.91.97.E4.BD.9C"></span>著作</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E8%8B%8F%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：著作"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>帕拉塞爾蘇斯在長期的流浪生涯中，留下多達364篇的論文，現在整理成共12卷的帕拉塞爾蘇斯全集。這些論文中最有名的又叫做『帕拉三部作』：《沃曼·帕拉米倫》（Volumen Paramirum）奇蹟醫書、《帕拉格拉嫩》（Paragranum）<b>奇蹟醫糧</b> 、《歐普斯·帕拉米倫》（Opus Paramirum）奇蹟醫術。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="大眾文化"><span id=".E5.A4.A7.E7.9C.BE.E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>大眾文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E8%8B%8F%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：大眾文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>在荒川弘的漫畫作品及其改編動畫《<a href="/wiki/%E9%8B%BC%E4%B9%8B%E9%8D%8A%E9%87%91%E8%A1%93%E5%B8%AB" title="鋼之鍊金術師">鋼之鍊金術師</a>》中主角<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9B%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%AF%C2%B7%E6%84%9B%E5%8A%9B%E5%85%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="愛德華·愛力克">愛德華·愛力克</a>的父親名為馮·霍恩海姆。</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E8%88%AA%E6%B5%B7%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3Online" title="大航海时代Online">大航海时代Online</a>》：在遊戲中以煉金術師身份登場，居住在威尼斯。</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/Fate/Prototype" title="Fate/Prototype">Fate/Prototype</a> 蒼銀的碎片》（前傳小說）：在該次聖杯戰爭之中以「Caster」的職階出現，寶具為「元素使的魔劍」。</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/Fate/Grand_Order" title="Fate/Grand Order">Fate/Grand Order</a>》（手機遊戲）：沿用《Fate/Prototype 蒼銀的碎片》的資料登場。</li> <li>《<a href="/wiki/Crash_Fever" title="Crash Fever">Crash Fever</a>》（手機遊戲）：為一限定的「學術」角色</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%95%E6%8B%89%E5%A1%9E%E5%B0%94%E8%8B%8F%E6%96%AF&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><b>1.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><b>1.1</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><b>1.2</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://case.ntu.edu.tw/blog/?p=21083">【科學史沙龍】鍊金術的前世今生</a> （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20210125180726/https://case.ntu.edu.tw/blog/?p=21083">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） CASE報科學 2015-03-23</span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li>《魔法師:科學之父眼中的魔法世界》作者：蘇有薇· 甘黛絲出版社：三言社 <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9867581245" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9867581245</a></li> <li>《宗教詞典》（上、下）出版社：博遠出版社出版日期： 1987</li> <li>《煉金術師的傳說》作者：草野巧譯者：周佩憲出版社：尖端出版日期：2006年6月17日 ISBN：957103276X</li> <li>《魔法．幻想百科》出版社：奇幻基地出版日期：2006年4月24日 ISBN：9867131215</li> <li>《煉金術師完全事典Complete guide to alchemy》作者：愛德華·尼古拉斯譯者：鏈金達人出版社：可道書房出版日期：2006年2月8日 ISBN：986738637X</li> <li>《煉金術：偉大的奧秘》作者：Andrea Aromatico 出版社：上海書店出版日期：2002-9-1 ISBN：780622988</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">国际</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/60974/">FAST</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000012276427X">ISNI</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/12313247">VIAF</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">各地</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90169292">挪威</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000067000">智利</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1075957">西班牙</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119185789">法国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119185789">BnF data</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000039835">阿根廷</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058513748206706">加泰罗尼亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11859169X">德国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Paracelsus"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/CFIV015995">意大利</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007266362505171">以色列</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:au:finaf:000106394">芬兰</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/13966255">比利时</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14752867">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n80120959">美国</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/sq463c2b4gsmvfq">瑞典</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000045857&P_CON_LNG=ENG">拉脱维亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00452109">日本</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn19981001941&CON_LNG=ENG">捷克</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35408476">澳大利亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record237373">希腊</a></span> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.nlg.gr/resource/authority/record74433">2</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000034769&local_base=nsk10">克罗地亚</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p06942800X">荷兰</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810616529205606">波兰</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/264665">葡萄牙</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/23081">梵蒂冈</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">学术</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00706020?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=122684">数学谱系计划</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">人物</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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